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Context: The final two contestants were Lee DeWyze and Bowersox. DeWyze was declared the winner during the May 26 finale. No new song was used as coronation song this year; instead, the two finalists each released a cover song – DeWyze chose U2's "Beautiful Day", and Bowersox chose Patty Griffin's "Up to the Mountain". This is the first season where neither finalist achieved significant album sales. Question: Who was the winner of American Idols ninth season? Answer: Lee DeWyze Question: What U2 song was released by Lee DeWyze after winning American Idol? Answer: Beautiful Day Question: When was the finale held? Answer: May 26 Question: What song did DeWyze cover for his first release? Answer: Beautiful Day Question: Which song did Bowersox cover for her first release? Answer: Up to the Mountain
Context: The purpose of electronic warfare is to deny the opponent an advantage in the EMS and ensure friendly, unimpeded access to the EM spectrum portion of the information environment. Electronic warfare aircraft are used to keep airspaces friendly, and send critical information to anyone who needs it. They are often called "The Eye in the Sky." The roles of the aircraft vary greatly among the different variants to include Electronic Warfare/Jamming (EC-130H), Psychological Operations/Communications (EC-130J), Airborne Early Warning and Control (E-3), Airborne Command Post (E-4B), ground targeting radar (E-8C), range control (E-9A), and communications relay (E-11A) Question: What is the purpose of electronic warfare? Answer: deny the opponent an advantage in the EMS Question: What nickname is given to Electronic warfare aircraft? Answer: The Eye in the Sky Question: What does the USAF use Electronic warfare aircraft for? Answer: to keep airspaces friendly, and send critical information to anyone who needs it Question: What is the EC-130H used for by the US Air Force? Answer: Electronic Warfare/Jamming Question: What does the USAF use the E-4B aircraft for? Answer: Airborne Command Post
Context: BYU mandates that its students who are members of the LDS Church be religiously active. Both LDS and Non-LDS students are required to provide an endorsement from an ecclesiastic leader with their application for admittance. Over 900 rooms on BYU campus are used for the purposes of LDS Church congregations. More than 150 congregations meet on BYU campus each Sunday. "BYU's campus becomes one of the busiest and largest centers of worship in the world" with about 24,000 persons attending church services on campus. Question: What does BYU mandate of it's student members of the LDS Church to be? Answer: religiously active Question: Who are both LDS and Non-LDS students required to provide an endorsement from upon submitting their application? Answer: an ecclesiastic leader Question: How many BYU campus rooms are used for the purposes of LDS Church congregations? Answer: Over 900 Question: How many congregations meet on the BYU campus every Sunday? Answer: More than 150 Question: Approximately how many people attend church services on BYU's campus? Answer: 24,000 Question: What does BYU mandate for members of the LSD Church? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are 150 rooms on campus used for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what day do more than 900 congregations meet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What becomes the largest center of warship in the world? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As a ray of white sunlight travels through the atmosphere to the eye, some of the colors are scattered out of the beam by air molecules and airborne particles due to Rayleigh scattering, changing the final color of the beam that is seen. Colors with a shorter wavelength, such as blue and green, scatter more strongly, and are removed from the light that finally reaches the eye. At sunrise and sunset, when the path of the sunlight through the atmosphere to the eye is longest, the blue and green components are removed almost completely, leaving the longer wavelength orange and red light. The remaining reddened sunlight can also be scattered by cloud droplets and other relatively large particles, which give the sky above the horizon its red glow. Question: What type of scattering is responsible for the shift in the color of sunlight? Answer: Rayleigh Question: What occurs to colors of short wavelengths in Rayleigh scattering? Answer: scatter more strongly Question: What is the effect on blue and green light experiencing Rayleigh scattering during sunrise? Answer: removed almost completely Question: In comparison to blue and green, what would describe the wavelength of orange or red light? Answer: longer Question: Why does white sunlight travel through the atmosphere? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do colors with longer wavelengths scatter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What colors have a longer wavelength than orange and red? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What colors have shorter wavelengths than blue and green? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically to /ja/ or /ʲa/. While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles. The yers ⟨ъ⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ originally indicated the pronunciation of ultra-short or reduced /ŭ/, /ĭ/. Question: What did the old letter ⟨ѣ⟩ become? Answer: ⟨е⟩ Question: What did the old letters ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩ become? Answer: ⟨и⟩ Question: What did the old letter ⟨ѳ⟩ become? Answer: ⟨ф⟩ Question: What did the old letter ⟨ѫ⟩ become? Answer: ⟨у⟩ Question: What did the old letter ⟨ѭ⟩ become? Answer: ⟨ю⟩ Question: What did the ja or a originally indicate the pronunciation of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the r become? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the h become phonetically? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The ja or a indicated the pronunciation of a reduced what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was ja merged into? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Women could not be professed to the Dominican religious life before the age of thirteen. The formula for profession contained in the Constitutions of Montargis Priory (1250) demands that nuns pledge obedience to God, the Blessed Virgin, their prioress and her successors according to the Rule of St. Augustine and the institute of the order, until death. The clothing of the sisters consisted of a white tunic and scapular, a leather belt, a black mantle, and a black veil. Candidates to profession were tested to reveal whether they were actually married women who had merely separated from their husbands. Their intellectual abilities were also tested. Nuns were to be silent in places of prayer, the cloister, the dormitory, and refectory. Silence was maintained unless the prioress granted an exception for a specific cause. Speaking was allowed in the common parlor, but it was subordinate to strict rules, and the prioress, subprioress or other senior nun had to be present. Question: After what age could women become members of the Dominican Order? Answer: thirteen Question: What type of veil must the sisters wear? Answer: black Question: The formula for profession into the Dominican Order is presented in what text? Answer: the Constitutions of Montargis Priory Question: What were the nuns allowed to minimally do? Answer: Speak Question: What were the nuns tested on? Answer: intellectual abilities Question: What age could women become members of the Benedictine order? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Constitutions of Montargis not demand of the nuns? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of veil did the sisters not have to wear? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was not required of the sisters to wear? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were candidates to profession not tested to do? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are used on the floor area. The sport requires physical qualities such as flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm where movements of the body are emphasized through the flow, expression and aesthetic appeal. A good performance is characterized by uniformity and simultaneity. The competition program consists of versatile and varied body movements, such as body waves, swings, balances, pivots, jumps and leaps, dance steps, and lifts. The International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (IFAGG) was established in 2003. Question: What does AGG stand for? Answer: Aesthetic Group Gymnastics Question: Why is AGG different than Rhythmic Gymnastics? Answer: body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Question: Do athletes use apparatuses in the international AGG competitions? Answer: do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions Question: What physical qualities are needed for rhythmic gymastics? Answer: flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm Question: What year was the Federsation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics established? Answer: 2003 Question: What is another name for Rhythmic Gymnastics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is used on the floor area in AGG? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What characterized a bad performance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did AGG begin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language does the word expression come from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing, such as Les Menuires. Until this point Austria and Switzerland had been the traditional and more popular destinations for winter sports, but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, France, Italy and the Tyrol began to see increases in winter visitors. From 1980 to the present, ski-lifts have been modernized and snow-making machines installed at many resorts, leading to concerns regarding the loss of traditional Alpine culture and questions regarding sustainable development as the winter ski industry continues to develop quickly and the number of summer tourists decline. Question: When were ski-lifts built in Swiss and Austrian towns? Answer: post-World War I Question: When were several new villages built in France almost exclusively for skiing? Answer: the 1970s Question: Where is Les Menuires located? Answer: France
Context: The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named "Los Barbudos". The Spaniards went ashore and traded with the local inhabitants. On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island that they named "Placeres", perhaps Ailuk; ten leagues away, they sighted another island that they called "Pajares" (perhaps Jemo). On January 12, they sighted another island at 10°N that they called "Corrales" (possibly Wotho). On January 15, the Spaniards sighted another low island, perhaps Ujelang, at 10°N, where they described the people on "Barbudos". After that, ships including the San Jeronimo, Los Reyes and Todos los Santos also visited the islands in different years. Question: What was the name given to the island reached by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi on January 9th of 1530? Answer: Los Barbudos Question: What is thought to be the modern name of the island Legazpi called Los Barbudos? Answer: Mejit Question: On what date did Legazpi's expedition see the island it named Placeres? Answer: January 10 Question: What name did the expedition give to the island it saw on January 12th? Answer: Corrales Question: What was the location of Corrales? Answer: 10°N Question: Who led the expedition involving the ship San Pedro? Answer: Miguel López de Legazpi Question: What did Miguel López de Legazpi call the island discovered on January 9, 1530? Answer: Los Barbudos Question: What did the Spanish call the island that might have been Ailuk? Answer: Placeres Question: On what day did the Spanish see the island they named Corrales? Answer: January 12 Question: What island may have been spotted by the Spanish on January 15? Answer: Ujelang
Context: Genre fiction also showed it could question reality in its 20th century forms, in spite of its fixed formulas, through the enquiries of the skeptical detective and the alternative realities of science fiction. The separation of "mainstream" and "genre" forms (including journalism) continued to blur during the period up to our own times. William Burroughs, in his early works, and Hunter S. Thompson expanded documentary reporting into strong subjective statements after the second World War, and post-modern critics have disparaged the idea of objective realism in general. Question: What sub-group of literature emerged in the 20th century? Answer: Genre fiction Question: Alternative reality genre fiction is also known as what? Answer: science fiction Question: Who were two 20th century writers who blurred the lines between journalism and literature? Answer: William Burroughs, in his early works, and Hunter S. Thompson Question: By what means did these two writers create and emergent convergence of literature and journalism? Answer: strong subjective statements Question: Critics based in what movement find fault in objective realism? Answer: post-modern Question: What sub-group of literature emerged in the 21st century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Hunter S. Thompson expanded what after the first World War? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Pre-modern critics have done what regarding the idea of objective realism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: William Burroughs continued to define the lines between literature and what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Alternative fantasies are also know as what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two writers defined the lines between journalism and literature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What genre of fiction developed in the 21st century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What genre does skeptical realities and alternative detective refer to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What idea have modern critics disparaged? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are William Thompson and Hunter S. Burroughs known for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has disparaged the idea of objective journalism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What major form of literature appeared in the 20th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is skeptical detective fiction also known as? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The army was still equipped with the Dreyse needle gun of Battle of Königgrätz fame, which was by this time showing the age of its 25-year-old design. The rifle had a range of only 600 m (2,000 ft) and lacked the rubber breech seal that permitted aimed shots. The deficiencies of the needle gun were more than compensated for by the famous Krupp 6-pounder (3 kg) steel breech-loading cannons being issued to Prussian artillery batteries. Firing a contact-detonated shell, the Krupp gun had a longer range and a higher rate of fire than the French bronze muzzle loading cannon, which relied on faulty time fuses. Question: In which battle did the Dreyse needle gun gain its fame? Answer: Battle of Königgrätz Question: At the start of the Franco-Prussian War, what was the age of the Dreyse gun's design? Answer: 25-year-old design Question: What was the Dreyse rifle's tactical range? Answer: 600 m (2,000 ft) Question: What was the name of the famous cannon issued to Prussian soldiers at the time? Answer: Krupp Question: What type of shell did the Krupp weapon fire? Answer: a contact-detonated shell
Context: Available web browsers range in features from minimal, text-based user interfaces with bare-bones support for HTML to rich user interfaces supporting a wide variety of file formats and protocols. Browsers which include additional components to support e-mail, Usenet news, and Internet Relay Chat (IRC), are sometimes referred to as "Internet suites" rather than merely "web browsers". Question: Features on a browser can range from minimal with little support to what? Answer: rich user interfaces Question: When a browser includes a lot of extras, it can be referred to as what? Answer: Internet suites Question: What does IRC stand for? Answer: Internet Relay Chat Question: What are some features that IRC has? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are IRC's sometimes referred to as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some features of HTML? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some extra features included in IRC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does e-mail also support? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first Digimon television series, which began airing on March 7, 1999 in Japan on Fuji TV and Kids Station and on August 14, 1999 in the United States on Fox Kids dubbed by Saban Entertainment for the North American English version. Its premise is a group of 7 kids who, while at summer camp, travel to the Digital World, inhabited by creatures known as Digital Monsters, or Digimon, learning they are chosen to be "DigiDestined" ("Chosen Children" in the Japanese version) to save both the Digital and Real World from evil. Each Kid was given a Digivice which selected them to be transported to the DigiWorld and was destined to be paired up with a Digimon Partner, such as Tai being paired up with Agumon and Matt with Gabumon. The children are helped by a mysterious man/digimon named Gennai, who helps them via hologram. The Digivices help their Digimon allies to Digivolve into stronger creatures in times of peril. The Digimon usually reached higher forms when their human partners are placed in dangerous situations, such as fighting the evil forces of Devimon, Etemon and Myotismon in their Champion forms. Later, each character discovered a crest that each belonged to a person; Tai the Crest of Courage, Matt the Crest of Friendship, Sora the Crest of Love, Izzy the Crest of Knowledge, Mimi the Crest of Sincerity, Joe the Crest of Reliability, T.K. the Crest of Hope, and later Kari the Crest of Light which allowed their Digimon to digivolve into their Ultimate forms. The group consisted of seven original characters: Taichi "Tai" Kamiya, Yamato "Matt" Ishida, Sora Takenouchi, Koushiro "Izzy" Izumi, Mimi Tachikawa, Joe Kido, and Takeru "T.K." Takaishi. Later on in the series, an eighth character was introduced: Hikari "Kari" Kamiya (who is Taichi's younger sister). Question: When did the first digimon series begin airing in japan? Answer: March 7, 1999 in Japan Question: When did Digimon begin airing in America? Answer: August 14, 1999 Question: What was the premise of Digimon? Answer: travel to the Digital World Question: How many people are in the original Digimon? Answer: seven original characters Question: When did the first Digimon series air in United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What aired on Japanese TV in August 1999? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What keeps the Digimon from evolving into stronger creatures? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did each kid select? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where three separate cultures may have fused — that of peasant Ubaidian farmers, living in mud-brick huts and practicing irrigation; that of mobile nomadic Semitic pastoralists living in black tents and following herds of sheep and goats; and that of fisher folk, living in reed huts in the marshlands, who may have been the ancestors of the Sumerians. Question: How long was there native Sumerian rule during the Third Dynasty of Ur? Answer: about a century Question: When was the Third Dynasty of Ur? Answer: approximately 2100-2000 BC Question: What language was in use in the Neo-Sumerian Empire? Answer: Akkadian Question: What is considered to be the world's first city? Answer: Eridu Question: How many cultures may have fused together in Eridu? Answer: three Question: What Empire was followed by native Sumerian rule? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What dynasty was in power from the 21st to the 20th century BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the worlds first settlement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many cultures could be found in Arabia at the time? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The animistic idea as the representation of the imaginative reality, is sanctified in the Homeric poems and in Greek myths, in stories of the god Hephaestus (Phaistos) and the mythic Daedalus (the builder of the labyrinth) that made images which moved of their own accord. This kind of art goes back to the Minoan period, when its main theme was the representation of motion in a specific moment. These free-standing statues were usually marble, but also the form rendered in limestone, bronze, ivory and terracotta. Question: Who is said to be the builder of the labyrinth? Answer: Daedalus Question: During what period was art's main theme the representation of motion in a specific movement? Answer: Minoan period Question: These free-standing statues were sometimes rendered from immestone, bronze, ivory and terracotta but were usually made from what material? Answer: marble
Context: The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church. Question: Who receives the hishopric of Ostia? Answer: The Dean of the College of Cardinals Question: What other title does the Dean of Collge of Cardinals receive upon appointment? Answer: titular bishopric of Ostia Question: Who receives the titular bisphoric of Tok Hangari? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other title does the Dean of the College of Priests receive upon appointment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do nuns retain if they are governing a particular church? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is other title does the President of the College of Cardinals receive? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many other conditions can cause symptoms similar to those of asthma. In children, other upper airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis and sinusitis should be considered as well as other causes of airway obstruction including: foreign body aspiration, tracheal stenosis or laryngotracheomalacia, vascular rings, enlarged lymph nodes or neck masses. Bronchiolitis and other viral infections may also produce wheezing. In adults, COPD, congestive heart failure, airway masses, as well as drug-induced coughing due to ACE inhibitors should be considered. In both populations vocal cord dysfunction may present similarly. Question: What is a condition that can cause symptoms of astham in children? Answer: allergic rhinitis and sinusitis Question: What are some other causes of airway obstruction? Answer: foreign body aspiration, tracheal stenosis or laryngotracheomalacia, vascular rings, enlarged lymph nodes or neck masses Question: What other conditions can cause wheezing? Answer: Bronchiolitis and other viral infections Question: In adults, what conditions can cause the symptoms of asthma? Answer: COPD, congestive heart failure, airway masses, as well as drug-induced coughing due to ACE inhibitors Question: What can cause symptoms of COPD in children? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are other causes of sinusitis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do COPD and congestive heart failure also produce? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many conditions can cause symptoms of congestive heart failure? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of dysfunction can be seen only in adults with COPD? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Although dance-oriented, electronic pop and ballad-oriented rock dominated the 1980s, soft rock songs still enjoyed a mild success thanks to artists like Sheena Easton, Amy Grant, Lionel Richie, Christopher Cross, Dan Hill, Leo Sayer, Billy Ocean, Julio Iglesias, Bertie Higgins and Tommy Page. No song spent more than six weeks at #1 on this chart during the 1980s, with nine songs accomplishing that feat. Two of these were by Lionel Richie, "You Are" in 1983 and "Hello" in 1984, which also reached #1 on the Hot 100. Question: Along with electronic pop, what type of music was the most successful in the 1980s? Answer: ballad-oriented rock Question: What genre did the music of Billy Ocean belong to? Answer: soft rock Question: What was the longest that a song spent at #1 on the adult contemporary charts in the 1980s? Answer: six weeks Question: In what year did Lionel Richie record "You Are"? Answer: 1983 Question: Aside from the adult contemporary chart, on what other chart did Lionel Richie's "Hello" reach the top spot? Answer: Hot 100
Context: The Times and The Sunday Times have had an online presence since March 1999, originally at the-times.co.uk and sunday-times.co.uk, and later at timesonline.co.uk. There are now two websites: thetimes.co.uk is aimed at daily readers, and the thesundaytimes.co.uk site at providing weekly magazine-like content. There are also iPad and Android editions of both newspapers. Since July 2010, News UK has required readers who do not subscribe to the print edition to pay £2 per week to read The Times and The Sunday Times online. Question: Since what year has The Times and The Sunday Times had an online presense? Answer: 1999 Question: What is the URL of online website for The Times? Answer: timesonline.co.uk Question: The website, thetimes.co.uk, is aimed at what kind of reader? Answer: daily readers Question: The website, thesundaytimes.co.uk, provides what kind of content? Answer: weekly magazine-like content Question: How much does a non-subscriber of The Times need to pay to read the online versions? Answer: £2 per week
Context: In May 1948, following the British withdrawal, King Farouk sent the Egyptian army into Palestine, with Nasser serving in the 6th Infantry Battalion. During the war, he wrote of the Egyptian army's unpreparedness, saying "our soldiers were dashed against fortifications". Nasser was deputy commander of the Egyptian forces that secured the Faluja pocket. On 12 July, he was lightly wounded in the fighting. By August, his brigade was surrounded by the Israeli Army. Appeals for help from Jordan's Arab Legion went unheeded, but the brigade refused to surrender. Negotiations between Israel and Egypt finally resulted in the ceding of Faluja to Israel. According to veteran journalist Eric Margolis, the defenders of Faluja, "including young army officer Gamal Abdel Nasser, became national heroes" for enduring Israeli bombardment while isolated from their command. Question: Where was the Egyptian army sent in 1948? Answer: Palestine Question: In what unit did Nasser serve? Answer: 6th Infantry Battalion Question: How badly was Nasser wounded? Answer: lightly Question: What army surrounded Nasser's brigade? Answer: Israeli Question: What territory was given to Israel? Answer: Faluja
Context: Evolutionary ideas, although not natural selection, were accepted by German biologists accustomed to ideas of homology in morphology from Goethe's Metamorphosis of Plants and from their long tradition of comparative anatomy. Bronn's alterations in his German translation added to the misgivings of conservatives, but enthused political radicals. Ernst Haeckel was particularly ardent, aiming to synthesise Darwin's ideas with those of Lamarck and Goethe while still reflecting the spirit of Naturphilosophie. Their ambitious programme to reconstruct the evolutionary history of life was joined by Huxley and supported by discoveries in palaeontology. Haeckel used embryology extensively in his recapitulation theory, which embodied a progressive, almost linear model of evolution. Darwin was cautious about such histories, and had already noted that von Baer's laws of embryology supported his idea of complex branching. Question: While evolutionary ideas were accepted by German biologists, what was not? Answer: natural selection Question: What led to more misgivings of conservative scientists when Bronn's German translation of On the Origin of Species was published? Answer: Bronn's alterations in his German translation added to the misgivings of conservatives Question: Which group of people was excited by the German translation of On the Origin of Species? Answer: political radicals Question: Why were political radicals such as Ernst Haekel so interested in On the Origin of Species? Answer: aiming to synthesise Darwin's ideas with those of Lamarck and Goethe while still reflecting the spirit of Naturphilosophie
Context: Although some earlier unpublished studies had been prepared, not until the early 1970s was true textual criticism applied to the Book of Mormon. At that time BYU Professor Ellis Rasmussen and his associates were asked by the LDS Church to begin preparation for a new edition of the Holy Scriptures. One aspect of that effort entailed digitizing the text and preparing appropriate footnotes, another aspect required establishing the most dependable text. To that latter end, Stanley R. Larson (a Rasmussen graduate student) set about applying modern text critical standards to the manuscripts and early editions of the Book of Mormon as his thesis project – which he completed in 1974. To that end, Larson carefully examined the Original Manuscript (the one dictated by Joseph Smith to his scribes) and the Printer’s Manuscript (the copy Oliver Cowdery prepared for the Printer in 1829–1830), and compared them with the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd editions of the Book of Mormon to determine what sort of changes had occurred over time and to make judgments as to which readings were the most original. Larson proceeded to publish a useful set of well-argued articles on the phenomena which he had discovered. Many of his observations were included as improvements in the 1981 LDS edition of the Book of Mormon. Question: When did textual criticism applied to the Book of Mormon? Answer: the early 1970s Question: What was one portion of preparing a new edition of the Holy Scriptures? Answer: digitizing the text and preparing appropriate footnotes Question: How was the most reliable version of the Holy Scriptures determined? Answer: applying modern text critical standards to the manuscripts Question: When did Larson finish his project? Answer: 1974 Question: Whose observations were included in the 1981 publication of the Book of Mormon? Answer: Larson Question: What year did true textual criticism stop being applied? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What school did Ellis Rasmussen not teach at? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What church did not want a new edition of the holy scriptures? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What class did Larson teach at Rasmussen? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Larson begin his thesis project? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to historian Shaye J. D. Cohen, the status of the offspring of mixed marriages was determined patrilineally in the Bible. He brings two likely explanations for the change in Mishnaic times: first, the Mishnah may have been applying the same logic to mixed marriages as it had applied to other mixtures (Kil'ayim). Thus, a mixed marriage is forbidden as is the union of a horse and a donkey, and in both unions the offspring are judged matrilineally. Second, the Tannaim may have been influenced by Roman law, which dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage, offspring would follow the mother. Question: Who believed the status of the offspring of mixed marriages was determined patrilineally in the Bible? Answer: Shaye J. D. Cohen Question: What dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage, offspring would follow the mother? Answer: Roman law Question: What is one explanation for the change in Mishnaic times? Answer: the Mishnah may have been applying the same logic to mixed marriages as it had applied to other mixtures Question: Who believed that the status of offspring of mixed marriages was determined matrilineally in the Bible? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many explanations were there for the lack of change in Mishnaic times? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage, offspring would follow the father? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Roman law dictate if a parent contracted a legal marriage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What unions were allowed along with mixed marriages? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The New Haven Green is the site of many free music concerts, especially during the summer months. These have included the New Haven Symphony Orchestra, the July Free Concerts on the Green in July, and the New Haven Jazz Festival in August. The Jazz Festival, which began in 1982, is one of the longest-running free outdoor festivals in the U.S., until it was canceled for 2007. Headliners such as The Breakfast, Dave Brubeck, Ray Charles and Celia Cruz have historically drawn 30,000 to 50,000 fans, filling up the New Haven Green to capacity. The New Haven Jazz Festival was revived in 2008 and has been sponsored since by Jazz Haven. Question: What public area in New Haven is home to free concerts in the summer? Answer: New Haven Green Question: What musical festival was initiated in 1982 in New Haven? Answer: New Haven Jazz Festival Question: In what year was the New Haven Jazz Festival cancelled, thereby precluding it from being one of the longest running free outdoor festivals in the U.S.? Answer: 2007 Question: Who sponsors the New Haven Jazz Festival? Answer: Jazz Haven Question: What is the name for the concerts held on New Haven Green throughout the month of July? Answer: July Free Concerts Question: What popular events that place in New Haven Green area? Answer: free music concerts Question: When did the first Jazz Festival made it debut? Answer: 1982 Question: In general how many people attend these music concerts? Answer: 30,000 to 50,000 fans Question: After being cancel in 2007, what organization currently support New Haven Jazz Festival? Answer: Jazz Haven
Context: Glacial moraines are formed by the deposition of material from a glacier and are exposed after the glacier has retreated. They usually appear as linear mounds of till, a non-sorted mixture of rock, gravel and boulders within a matrix of a fine powdery material. Terminal or end moraines are formed at the foot or terminal end of a glacier. Lateral moraines are formed on the sides of the glacier. Medial moraines are formed when two different glaciers merge and the lateral moraines of each coalesce to form a moraine in the middle of the combined glacier. Less apparent are ground moraines, also called glacial drift, which often blankets the surface underneath the glacier downslope from the equilibrium line. Question: When are glacial moraines visible? Answer: after the glacier has retreated Question: How are glacial moraines formed? Answer: deposition of material from a glacier Question: Where are lateral moraines found? Answer: sides of the glacier Question: How are medial moraines formed? Answer: when two different glaciers merge and the lateral moraines of each coalesce to form a moraine in the middle of the combined glacier Question: What are ground moraines also called? Answer: glacial drift Question: What are no longer visable after a glacier retreats? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of moraines are formed at the begining of the glacier? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What mraines are formed when two ice sheets meet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What blankets the surface of a glacier? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are upslope from the equilibrium line? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2012, the state elected a Republican Governor (Pat McCrory) and Lieutenant Governor (Dan Forest) for the first time in more than two decades, while also giving the Republicans veto-proof majorities in both the State House of Representatives and the State Senate. Several U.S. House of Representatives seats also flipped control, with the Republicans holding nine seats to the Democrats' four. In the 2014 mid-term elections, Republican David Rouzer won the state's Seventh Congressional District seat, increasing the congressional delegation party split to 10-3 in favor of the GOP. Question: Who was elected Governor of North Carolina in 2012? Answer: Pat McCrory Question: What political party does Pat McCrory belong to? Answer: Republican Question: Who ws elected Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina in 2012? Answer: Dan Forest Question: What political party does Dan Forest belong to? Answer: Republican Question: Who won North Carolinas 7th congressional district seat in 2014? Answer: David Rouzer
Context: Although Egypt was a majority Christian country before the 7th Century, after Islam arrived, the country was slowly Islamified to become a majority Muslim country. Egypt emerged as a centre of politics and culture in the Muslim world. Under Anwar Sadat, Islam became the official state religion and Sharia the main source of law. It is estimated that 15 million Egyptians follow Native Sufi orders, with the Sufi leadership asserting that the numbers are much greater as many Egyptian Sufis are not officially registered with a Sufi order. Question: Prior to 7th century, what was primary religion of Egypt? Answer: Christian Question: What became the main source of law with increasing Islamic influence in Egypt? Answer: Sharia Question: Under what leader did Islam become official religion of Egypt? Answer: Anwar Sadat
Context: Three and a quarter years after the end of the fifth series, a new sixth series was confirmed by Bandai for the Digimon anime, its official name of the series revealed in the June issue of Shueisha's V Jump magazine being Digimon Xros Wars. It began airing in Japan on TV Asahi from July 6, 2010 onwards. Reverting to the design style of the first four series as well as the plot taking on the younger, lighter tone present in series one, two and four throughout the story. The story follows a boy named Mikey Kudō (Taiki Kudo in Japan) who, along with his friends, ends up in the Digital World where they meet Shoutmon and his Digimon friends. Wielding a digivice known as a Fusion Loader (Xros Loader in Japan), Mikey is able to combine multiple Digimon onto one to enhance his power, Shoutmon being the usual core of the combination, using a technique known as 'DigiFuse' (Digi-Xros in Japan). Forming Team Fusion Fighters (Team Xros Heart in Japan), Mikey, Shoutmon and their friends travel through the Digital World to liberate it from the evil Bagra Army, led by Bagramon(Lord Bagra in English), and Midnight, a shady group led by AxeKnightmon with Nene as a figurehead before joining the Fusion Fighters. The Fusion Fighters also finds themselves at odds with Blue Flare, led by Christopher Aonuma (Kiriha Anouma in Japan). The second arc of Xros Wars was subtitled The Evil Death Generals and the Seven Kingdoms. It saw the main cast reshuffled with a new wardrobe while Angie (Akari in Japan) and Jeremy (Zenjiro in Japan) stay behind in the Human World; thus making Mikey, Christopher and Nene the lead protagonists as they set off to face the Seven Death Generals of the Bagra Army and AxeKnightmon's new pawn: Nene's brother Ewan (Yuu in Japan). A new evolution known as Super Digivolution was introduced at the end of the first arc. The English dub of the series began airing on Nickelodeon on September 7, 2013, which is produced by Saban Brands. Question: How long after the 5th season did the next one start? Answer: Three and a quarter years Question: When did the sixth season of Digimon begin airing? Answer: July 6, 2010 Question: Who is the main character in the sixth Digimon series? Answer: Mikey Kudō Question: Who did the Fusion fighters find themselves in battle with? Answer: Blue Flare Question: When did the English dub for the sixth season start airing? Answer: September 7, 2013 Question: Wendy did a fifth season begin airing in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did the six season differ from the first four seasons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Shotmon able to combine Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Nickelodeon refuse to air? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Li Zicheng then led a coalition of rebel forces numbering 200,000[a] to confront Wu Sangui, the general commanding the Ming garrison at Shanhai Pass. Shanhai Pass is a pivotal pass of the Great Wall, located fifty miles northeast of Beijing, and for years its defenses kept the Manchus from directly raiding the Ming capital. Wu Sangui, caught between a rebel army twice his size and a foreign enemy he had fought for years, decided to cast his lot with the Manchus, with whom he was familiar. Wu Sangui may have been influenced by Li Zicheng's mistreatment of his family and other wealthy and cultured officials; it was said that Li also took Wu's concubine Chen Yuanyuan for himself. Wu and Dorgon allied in the name of avenging the death of the Chongzhen Emperor. Together, the two former enemies met and defeated Li Zicheng's rebel forces in battle on May 27, 1644. Question: How big was Li Zicheng's army? Answer: 200,000 Question: Who did Li Zicheng's army fight? Answer: Wu Sangui Question: What was the name of the general at the Ming fort? Answer: Wu Sangui Question: Who beat Li Zicheng's army? Answer: Wu and Dorgon Question: When did the battle take place? Answer: May 27, 1644
Context: Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale. Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges. Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification. Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls. Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a "B+" grade overall. Question: Who creates sustainability practices at Yale? Answer: Yale's Office of Sustainability Question: By what percent is Yale committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels by the year 2020? Answer: 10% Question: How many campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification? Answer: Eleven Question: What project is bringing organic food to all of Yale's residential college dining areas? Answer: Yale Sustainable Food Project Question: What grade did Yale get on their Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2008? Answer: B+ Question: Who rejects sustainability practices at Yale? Answer: Unanswerable Question: By what percent is Yale committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels by the year 2030? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many campus buildings are candidates for ELED design and certification? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What project is bringing inorganic food to all of Yale's residential college dining areas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What grade did Yale get on their Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2018? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Social insects, such as termites, ants and many bees and wasps, are the most familiar species of eusocial animal. They live together in large well-organized colonies that may be so tightly integrated and genetically similar that the colonies of some species are sometimes considered superorganisms. It is sometimes argued that the various species of honey bee are the only invertebrates (and indeed one of the few non-human groups) to have evolved a system of abstract symbolic communication where a behavior is used to represent and convey specific information about something in the environment. In this communication system, called dance language, the angle at which a bee dances represents a direction relative to the sun, and the length of the dance represents the distance to be flown.:309–311 Though perhaps not as advanced as honey bees, bumblebees also potentially have some social communication behaviors. Bombus terrestris, for example, exhibit a faster learning curve for visiting unfamiliar, yet rewarding flowers, when they can see a conspecific foraging on the same species. Question: Termites are considered what type of insect? Answer: Social Question: Termites, bees, wasps, and what other insect are social insects? Answer: ants Question: What is another term for social insect? Answer: eusocial animal Question: Social insects live in well organized what? Answer: colonies Question: The method that a bee dances is called what? Answer: dance language
Context: There is no green pigment in green eyes; like the color of blue eyes, it is an optical illusion; its appearance is caused by the combination of an amber or light brown pigmentation of the stroma, given by a low or moderate concentration of melanin, with the blue tone imparted by the Rayleigh scattering of the reflected light. Green eyes are most common in Northern and Central Europe. They can also be found in Southern Europe, West Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia. In Iceland, 89% of women and 87% of men have either blue or green eye color. A study of Icelandic and Dutch adults found green eyes to be much more prevalent in women than in men. Among European Americans, green eyes are most common among those of recent Celtic and Germanic ancestry, about 16%. Question: What is the appearance of green in th eyes attributed to? Answer: an optical illusion Question: Where are green eyes most common? Answer: Northern and Central Europe Question: Among Icelandic and Dutch adults, which sex more commonly has green eyes? Answer: women Question: Where is the green pigment in eyes located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Blue and green eyes are caused by a high concentration of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of women in South Asia have blue or green eyes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which two ancestries have the least amount of green eyes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name for the scattering of light that results in the green coloring? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Operation Torch also served as a valuable training ground for Eisenhower's combat command skills; during the initial phase of Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel's move into the Kasserine Pass, Eisenhower created some confusion in the ranks by some interference with the execution of battle plans by his subordinates. He also was initially indecisive in his removal of Lloyd Fredendall, commanding U.S. II Corps. He became more adroit in such matters in later campaigns. In February 1943, his authority was extended as commander of AFHQ across the Mediterranean basin to include the British Eighth Army, commanded by General Sir Bernard Montgomery. The Eighth Army had advanced across the Western Desert from the east and was ready for the start of the Tunisia Campaign. Eisenhower gained his fourth star and gave up command of ETOUSA to become commander of NATOUSA. Question: What was Rommel's rank? Answer: Generalfeldmarschall Question: Who commanded II Corps before being removed by Eisenhower? Answer: Lloyd Fredendall Question: Who commanded the UK's Eighth Army? Answer: Bernard Montgomery Question: When did Eisenhower receive authority over the British Eighth Army? Answer: February 1943 Question: What did Eisenhower command after he commanded ETOUSA? Answer: NATOUSA
Context: Engineered wood products, glued building products "engineered" for application-specific performance requirements, are often used in construction and industrial applications. Glued engineered wood products are manufactured by bonding together wood strands, veneers, lumber or other forms of wood fiber with glue to form a larger, more efficient composite structural unit. Question: What holds together an engineered wood product? Answer: glue Question: Engineered wood products are often used in construction, but what other major type of applications do they have? Answer: industrial Question: What requirements do engineered wood products meet? Answer: application-specific performance requirements Question: What efficient type of unit does the process of "engineering" wood result in? Answer: composite structural unit Question: Wood fibers from wood strands, lumber, and what other source can be glued together to make larger units? Answer: veneers
Context: Scientific readers were already aware of arguments that species changed through processes that were subject to laws of nature, but the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague "law of development" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour. Darwin presented natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible. His strategy established that evolution through natural laws was worthy of scientific study, and by 1875, most scientists accepted that evolution occurred but few thought natural selection was significant. Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design. Early support for Darwin's ideas came from the findings of field naturalists studying biogeography and ecology, including Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1860, and Asa Gray in 1862. Henry Walter Bates presented research in 1861 that explained insect mimicry using natural selection. Alfred Russel Wallace discussed evidence from his Malay archipelago research, including an 1864 paper with an evolutionary explanation for the Wallace line. Question: What was the general response from scientific readers to Lamarck's written work? Answer: the transmutational ideas of Lamarck and the vague "law of development" of Vestiges had not found scientific favour Question: What was the likely reason that Darwin's ideas were accepted more readily than Lamarck's? Answer: natural selection as a scientifically testable mechanism while accepting that other mechanisms such as inheritance of acquired characters were possible. Question: Which school did opponents to Darwin's method support? Answer: the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences Question: Where did early support for Darwin's findings come from? Answer: the findings of field naturalists studying biogeography and ecology, including Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1860, and Asa Gray in 1862 Question: Who authored research supporting insect mimicry using natural selection? Answer: Henry Walter Bates
Context: On 3 November 2007, the Sichuan Transportation Bureau announced that the Sui-Yu Expressway was completed after three years of construction. After completion of the Chongqing section of the road, the 36.64 km (22.77 mi) expressway connected Cheng-Nan Expressway and formed the shortest expressway from Chengdu to Chongqing. The new expressway is 50 km (31 mi) shorter than the pre-existing road between Chengdu and Chongqing; thus journey time between the two cities was reduced by an hour, now taking two and a half hours. The Sui-Yu Expressway is a four lane overpass with a speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph). The total investment was 1.045 billion yuan. Question: How long did it take to complete the Sui-Yu Expressway? Answer: three years Question: After the newest expressway was completed, what was the new travel time between Chengdu and Chongqing? Answer: two and a half hours Question: What is the speed limit on the Sui-Yu Expressway? Answer: 80 km/h (50 mph) Question: What was the total cost of the Sui-Yu Expressway? Answer: 1.045 billion yuan Question: How many lanes make up the Sui-Yu Expressway? Answer: four lane Question: What did construction begin on in Nov 2007? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What took 3 years of planning? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the longest espressway from Chengdu to Chongqing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the expressway 50 km longer than? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long did it take to complete the total investment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After the newest expressway was completed, what was the new travel time between Chengdu and Cheng-Nan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the speed limit on the Chengdu expressway? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the total cost of the Chengdu expressway? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many lanes make up the Chengdu expressway? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: 40°48′52″N 73°56′53″W / 40.814583°N 73.947944°W / 40.814583; -73.947944 132nd Street runs east-west above Central Park and is located in Harlem just south of Hamilton Heights. The main portion of 132nd Street runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to northern end of Park Avenue where there is a southbound exit from/entrance to the Harlem River Drive. After an interruption from St. Nicholas Park and City College, there is another small stretch of West 132nd Street between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue Question: There is a small stretch of what road between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue? Answer: West 132nd Street Question: The main portion of what road runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to Park Avenue? Answer: 132nd Street Question: On what Avenue is a southbound exit and entrance to the Harlem River Drive? Answer: Park Avenue Question: West 132nd Street is interrupted by St. Nicholas Park and which college? Answer: City College Question: West 132nd Street is interrupted by City College and which park? Answer: St. Nicholas Park
Context: Binary compounds of zinc are known for most of the metalloids and all the nonmetals except the noble gases. The oxide ZnO is a white powder that is nearly insoluble in neutral aqueous solutions, but is amphoteric, dissolving in both strong basic and acidic solutions. The other chalcogenides (ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe) have varied applications in electronics and optics. Pnictogenides (Zn 3N 2, Zn 3P 2, Zn 3As 2 and Zn 3Sb 2), the peroxide (ZnO 2), the hydride (ZnH 2), and the carbide (ZnC 2) are also known. Of the four halides, ZnF 2 has the most ionic character, whereas the others (ZnCl 2, ZnBr 2, and ZnI 2) have relatively low melting points and are considered to have more covalent character. Question: What is not known for binary compounds of zinc? Answer: noble gases Question: ZnO can be dissolved in what kind of solutions? Answer: strong basic and acidic solutions Question: What applications do chalcogenides have? Answer: electronics and optics. Question: What is unknowable for binary compounds of zinc? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What applications do chalcogenides lack? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city also has the Southampton Sports Centre which is the focal point for the public's sporting and outdoor activities and includes an Alpine Centre, theme park and athletics centre which is used by professional athletes. With the addition of 11 other additional leisure venures which are currently operate by the Council leisure executives. However these have been sold the operating rights to "Park Wood Leisure." Question: What facility is the center of Southampton's public sports and outdoor activities? Answer: Southampton Sports Centre Question: How many additional leisure venues are run by Council executives? Answer: 11 Question: What company did the Council leisure executives sell operating rights to? Answer: Park Wood Leisure
Context: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, by American diplomat Nicholas Trist and Mexican plenipotentiary representatives Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain, ended the war, gave the U.S. undisputed control of Texas, and established the U.S.–Mexican border of the Rio Grande. As news of peace negotiations reached the state, new call to arms began to flare among the people of the state. But as the Mexican officials in Chihuahua heard that General Price was heading back to Mexico with a large force comprising several companies of infantry and three companies of cavalry and one division of light artillery from Santa Fe on February 8, 1848, Ángel Trías sent a message to Sacramento Pass to ask for succession of the area as they understood the war had concluded. General Price, misunderstanding this as a deception by the Mexican forces, continued to advance towards the state capital. On March 16, 1848 Price began negotiations with Ángel Trías, but the Mexican leader responded with an ultimatum to General Price. The American forces engaged with the Mexican forces near Santa Cruz de los Rosales on March 16, 1848. The Battle of Santa Cruz de los Rosales was the last battle of the Mexican–American War and it occurred after the peace treaty was signed. The American forces maintained control over the state capital for three months after the confirmation of the peace treaty. The American presence served to delay the possible succession of the state which had been discussed at the end of 1847, and the state remained under United States occupation until May 22, 1848. Question: What was the name of the treaty that ended the war? Answer: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Question: In which year was the treaty signed? Answer: 1848 Question: Control over which current U.S. state was given to the U.S. under this treaty? Answer: Texas Question: How long did the U.S. continue to maintain control over the state capital after the treaty? Answer: three months Question: Which American general misunderstood the Mexican message sent to Sacramento Pass? Answer: General Price
Context: Modern evolutionary theory continues to develop. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, with its tree-like model of branching common descent, has become the unifying theory of the life sciences. The theory explains the diversity of living organisms and their adaptation to the environment. It makes sense of the geologic record, biogeography, parallels in embryonic development, biological homologies, vestigiality, cladistics, phylogenetics and other fields, with unrivalled explanatory power; it has also become essential to applied sciences such as medicine and agriculture. Despite the scientific consensus, a religion-based political controversy has developed over how evolution is taught in schools, especially in the United States. Question: What branching common descent theory has become the most unifying one of the life sciences? Answer: Darwin's theory of evolution Question: What does the theory of evolution explain about living organisms? Answer: The theory explains the diversity of living organisms and their adaptation to the environment. Question: In what fields has Darwin's theory of evolution become particularly essential? Answer: medicine and agriculture Question: What kind of controversy has begun within school systems about Darwin's theory? Answer: a religion-based political controversy
Context: Having removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all." Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled the "White Revolution", although was later renamed the "One September Revolution" after the date on which it occurred. Gaddafi insisted that the Free Officers' coup represented a revolution, marking the start of widespread change in the socio-economic and political nature of Libya. He proclaimed that the revolution meant "freedom, socialism, and unity", and over the coming years implemented measures to achieve this. Question: How did Gaddafi announced his leadership?: Answer: Addressing the populace by radio Question: List the two names of Gaddafi's coup. Answer: "White Revolution", although was later renamed the "One September Revolution" Question: What did Gaddafi tell the people that the revolution represented? Answer: freedom, socialism, and unity Question: What did Gaddafi insist that the coup be referred to as? Answer: a revolution Question: What was the name of the government Gaddafi set up after overthrowing the monarchy? Answer: Libyan Arab Republic Question: What was the Libyan coup called at first? Answer: White Revolution Question: What was the Libyan coup later called, when it was renamed for the day it took place? Answer: One September Revolution Question: What was the name of the revolutionary group led by Gaddafi? Answer: Free Officers Question: How did Gaddafi characterize the monarchy in his radio address? Answer: reactionary and corrupt
Context: DST's potential to save energy comes primarily from its effects on residential lighting, which consumes about 3.5% of electricity in the United States and Canada. Delaying the nominal time of sunset and sunrise reduces the use of artificial light in the evening and increases it in the morning. As Franklin's 1784 satire pointed out, lighting costs are reduced if the evening reduction outweighs the morning increase, as in high-latitude summer when most people wake up well after sunrise. An early goal of DST was to reduce evening usage of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity. Although energy conservation remains an important goal, energy usage patterns have greatly changed since then, and recent research is limited and reports contradictory results. Electricity use is greatly affected by geography, climate, and economics, making it hard to generalize from single studies. Question: What percentage of all electricity usage in the U.S. and Canada is from residential lighting? Answer: 3.5% Question: DST will reduce electricity use in the evening but increase it during what time of the day? Answer: morning Question: When DST was first proposed, what type of lighting was consuming the most electricity? Answer: incandescent Question: Along with geography and economics, what variable often affects how much electricity an area uses? Answer: climate Question: Whose satire that was published in 1784 pointed out that daylight saving would only reduce electricity usage if the increase in the mornings was less than the savings in the evenings? Answer: Franklin
Context: Perhaps the most famous raid by Oeselian pirates occurred in 1187, with the attack on the Swedish town of Sigtuna by Finnic raiders from Couronia and Oesel. Among the casualties of this raid was the Swedish archbishop Johannes. The city remained occupied for some time, contributing to its decline as a center of commerce in the 13th century and the rise of Uppsala, Visby, Kalmar and Stockholm. The Livonian Chronicle describes the Oeselians as using two kinds of ships, the piratica and the liburna. The former was a warship, the latter mainly a merchant ship. A piratica could carry approximately 30 men and had a high prow shaped like a dragon or a snakehead and a rectangular sail. Viking-age treasures from Estonia mostly contain silver coins and bars. Saaremaa has the richest finds of Viking treasures after Gotland in Sweden. This strongly suggests that Estonia was an important transit country during the Viking era. Question: What year did the Oeselian pirates carry out a famous raid? Answer: 1187 Question: Who did the Oeselian pirates atack? Answer: the Swedish town of Sigtuna Question: What important figure was killed in the raid? Answer: Swedish archbishop Johannes Question: What two ships were used by the Oeselian pirates? Answer: the piratica and the liburna Question: What type of ship was the liburna? Answer: merchant ship
Context: Hydrogen's rarer isotopes also each have specific applications. Deuterium (hydrogen-2) is used in nuclear fission applications as a moderator to slow neutrons, and in nuclear fusion reactions. Deuterium compounds have applications in chemistry and biology in studies of reaction isotope effects. Tritium (hydrogen-3), produced in nuclear reactors, is used in the production of hydrogen bombs, as an isotopic label in the biosciences, and as a radiation source in luminous paints. Question: What isotope is used in nuclear fission? Answer: Deuterium Question: Where is tritium produced? Answer: nuclear reactors Question: What is tritium used for? Answer: production of hydrogen bombs, as an isotopic label in the biosciences, and as a radiation source in luminous paints
Context: Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings" with his single release from the show "This Is the Night", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer. Question: What is the first song that Ruben Studdard released after winning American Idol? Answer: Flying Without Wings Question: What contestant came in fourth on season two of American Idol? Answer: Josh Gracin Question: What song did Clay Aiken first release after losing American Idol? Answer: This Is the Night Question: What was the name of Studdard's coronation song? Answer: Flying Without Wings Question: What was Aiken's single release named? Answer: This Is the Night Question: Which of the final two had more success with his first album? Answer: Aiken Question: Who finished fourth on season two? Answer: Josh Gracin
Context: The islands are located about halfway between Hawaii and Australia, north of Nauru and Kiribati, east of the Federated States of Micronesia, and south of the U.S. territory of Wake Island, to which it lays claim. The atolls and islands form two groups: the Ratak (sunrise) and the Ralik (sunset). The two island chains lie approximately parallel to one another, running northwest to southeast, comprising about 750,000 square miles (1,900,000 km2) of ocean but only about 70 square miles (180 km2) of land mass. Each includes 15 to 18 islands and atolls. The country consists of a total of 29 atolls and five isolated islands. Question: What nation lies to the west of the Marshall Islands? Answer: the Federated States of Micronesia Question: What United States territory does the Marshall Islands claim? Answer: Wake Island Question: How many square kilometers of ocean do the Marshall Islands cover? Answer: 1,900,000 Question: How many square kilometers of land do the Marshall Islands cover? Answer: 180 Question: How many atolls are part of the Marshall Islands? Answer: 29
Context: London's buildings are too diverse to be characterised by any particular architectural style, partly because of their varying ages. Many grand houses and public buildings, such as the National Gallery, are constructed from Portland stone. Some areas of the city, particularly those just west of the centre, are characterised by white stucco or whitewashed buildings. Few structures in central London pre-date the Great Fire of 1666, these being a few trace Roman remains, the Tower of London and a few scattered Tudor survivors in the City. Further out is, for example, the Tudor period Hampton Court Palace, England's oldest surviving Tudor palace, built by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey c.1515. Question: What is England's oldest standing palace from the Tudor period? Answer: Hampton Court Palace Question: Of what material is London's National Gallery made? Answer: Portland stone Question: When did the Great Fire of London occur? Answer: 1666 Question: The area west of London's city is characterized by what type of building? Answer: white stucco or whitewashed Question: What, in part, is the reason for London's lack of a singularly characteristic architectural style among its buildings? Answer: their varying ages
Context: Television broadcasting in Hyderabad began in 1974 with the launch of Doordarshan, the Government of India's public service broadcaster, which transmits two free-to-air terrestrial television channels and one satellite channel. Private satellite channels started in July 1992 with the launch of Star TV. Satellite TV channels are accessible via cable subscription, direct-broadcast satellite services or internet-based television. Hyderabad's first dial-up internet access became available in the early 1990s and was limited to software development companies. The first public internet access service began in 1995, with the first private sector internet service provider (ISP) starting operations in 1998. In 2015, high-speed public WiFi was introduced in parts of the city. Question: When did Doordarshan begin broadcasting in Hyderabad? Answer: 1974 Question: What satellite network began broadcasting to Hyderabad in July 1992? Answer: Star TV Question: In what year did the general public first get access to the internet in Hyderabad? Answer: 1995 Question: The first private company to offer Hyderabad internet service began offering it in what year? Answer: 1998 Question: What is Doordarshan? Answer: the Government of India's public service broadcaster
Context: A major international priority for Tuvalu in the UN, at the 2002 Earth Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa and in other international fora, is promoting concern about global warming and the possible sea level rising. Tuvalu advocates ratification and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. In December 2009 the islands stalled talks on climate change at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, fearing some other developing countries were not committing fully to binding deals on a reduction in carbon emissions. Their chief negotiator stated, "Tuvalu is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change and our future rests on the outcome of this meeting." Question: What crisis is a major concern for Tuvalu at the UN? Answer: global warming Question: In concert with global warming, what is Tuvalu's other envirnmental priority? Answer: sea level rising Question: What agreement does Tuvalu advocate ratification? Answer: Kyoto Protocol Question: What did Tuvalu call for from other nations concerning reduction of carbon emissions? Answer: binding deals Question: What does Tuvalu feel its position to be in climate change? Answer: vulnerable
Context: Greek vocal music extends far back into ancient times where mixed-gender choruses performed for entertainment, celebration and spiritual reasons. Instruments during that period included the double-reed aulos and the plucked string instrument, the lyre, especially the special kind called a kithara. Music played an important role in the education system during ancient times. Boys were taught music from the age of six. Later influences from the Roman Empire, Middle East, and the Byzantine Empire also had effect on Greek music. Question: Greek vocal music goes back how far in history? Answer: ancient times Question: What is one of the musical instruments used in ancient Greece? Answer: lyre Question: During ancient Greece, at what age were boys taught music? Answer: six
Context: Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of choice. Zinc tablets are also recommended. These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years. When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be breastfed. If commercial ORS are not available, homemade solutions may be used. In those with severe dehydration, intravenous fluids may be required. Most cases; however, can be managed well with fluids by mouth. Antibiotics, while rarely used, may be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool. Loperamide may help decrease the number of bowel movement but is not recommended in those with severe disease. Question: What are some ways to prevent diarrhea? Answer: improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap Question: What else can a mom do to prevent diarrhea for her baby? Answer: Breastfeeding for at least six months Question: What is the treatment of choice for diarrhea? Answer: Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar Question: What conditions would a doctor prescribe antibiotics? Answer: cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites Question: Name two examples when amounts of salts and sugar are recommended although rarely used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can a woman do to prevent high fever for her baby? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are people who have rotovirus recommended to do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be used if commercial antibiotics are not available? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do you prevent infectious rotovirus? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Though human activities have allowed the expansion of a few species, such as the barn swallow and European starling, they have caused population decreases or extinction in many other species. Over a hundred bird species have gone extinct in historical times, although the most dramatic human-caused avian extinctions, eradicating an estimated 750–1800 species, occurred during the human colonisation of Melanesian, Polynesian, and Micronesian islands. Many bird populations are declining worldwide, with 1,227 species listed as threatened by BirdLife International and the IUCN in 2009. Question: How many bird species have gone extinct in historical times? Answer: Over a hundred Question: How many species are listed as threatened by BirdLife International and the IUCN? Answer: 1,227 Question: When did the most dramatic human-caused avian extinctions occur? Answer: during the human colonisation of Melanesian, Polynesian, and Micronesian islands
Context: Kievan Rus', although sparsely populated compared to Western Europe, was not only the largest contemporary European state in terms of area but also culturally advanced. Literacy in Kiev, Novgorod and other large cities was high. As birch bark documents attest, they exchanged love letters and prepared cheat sheets for schools. Novgorod had a sewage system and wood paving not often found in other cities at the time. The Russkaya Pravda confined punishments to fines and generally did not use capital punishment. Certain rights were accorded to women, such as property and inheritance rights. Question: Despite being much smaller than wester europe, what they known for being? Answer: the largest contemporary European state Question: What could you find in Novgorod that you couldn't in most other cities? Answer: sewage system and wood paving Question: What were some of the rights women had during this time period? Answer: property and inheritance rights Question: What area was sparsely populated compared to Northern Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Despite being larger than Western Europe, what was Kievan Rus known for being? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What couldn't you find in Novgoroad that was available in most other cities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not confine punishment to fines and used capital punishment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What rights were denied to women? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the Reformation, the term was hardly used outside of the German politics. The word evangelical (German: evangelisch), which refers to the gospel, was much more widely used for those involved in the religious movement. Nowadays, this word is still preferred among some of the historical Protestant denominations, above all the ones in the German-speaking area such as the EKD. The German word evangelisch means Protestant, and is different from the German evangelikal, which refers to churches shaped by Evangelicalism. The English word evangelical usually refers to Evangelical Protestant churches, and therefore not to Protestantism as a whole. It traces its roots back to the Puritans in England, where Evangelicalism originated, and then was brought to the United States. The word reformatorisch is used as an alternative for evangelisch in German, and is different from English reformed (German: reformiert), which refers to churches shaped by ideas of John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli and other Reformed theologians. Question: From what language does the term evangelical originate? Answer: German Question: What German word refers to the gospel or being Protestant? Answer: evangelisch Question: What English word for a church began with the Puritans in England? Answer: evangelical Question: Name two contributors to Reformed churches. Answer: John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli Question: Who brought Evangelicalism to the U.S.? Answer: the Puritans
Context: The impressive, costly, and centralised rites to the deities of the Roman state were vastly outnumbered in everyday life by commonplace religious observances pertaining to an individual's domestic and personal deities, the patron divinities of Rome's various neighborhoods and communities, and the often idiosyncratic blends of official, unofficial, local and personal cults that characterised lawful Roman religion. In this spirit, a provincial Roman citizen who made the long journey from Bordeaux to Italy to consult the Sibyl at Tibur did not neglect his devotion to his own goddess from home: Question: What type of religious practices outnumbered the state observances? Answer: commonplace Question: To what did the mixture of official and individual religious practices pertain? Answer: lawful Roman Question: What were the characteristics of state religious observances? Answer: impressive, costly, and centralised Question: Who made the choices of personal religious practices in Rome? Answer: individual Question: What type of deities did Roman communities have? Answer: patron
Context: Asphalt/bitumen also occurs in unconsolidated sandstones known as "oil sands" in Alberta, Canada, and the similar "tar sands" in Utah, US. The Canadian province of Alberta has most of the world's reserves of natural bitumen, in three huge deposits covering 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi), an area larger than England or New York state. These bituminous sands contain 166 billion barrels (26.4×10^9 m3) of commercially established oil reserves, giving Canada the third largest oil reserves in the world. and produce over 2.3 million barrels per day (370×10^3 m3/d) of heavy crude oil and synthetic crude oil. Although historically it was used without refining to pave roads, nearly all of the bitumen is now used as raw material for oil refineries in Canada and the United States. Question: What is another term for asphalt? Answer: bitumen Question: Besides occurrences in Canada, where in the US is asphalt found? Answer: Utah Question: How much of the planet's asphalt is located in Canada? Answer: most Question: What is the area amount of the Canadian asphalt deposits? Answer: 142,000 square kilometres Question: Where does most of Canada's asphalt end up these days? Answer: oil refineries Question: Along with the state of Iowa, where else does asphalt occur in unconsolidated sandstones? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Comprised of four large deposits, in which province are most of the world's natural bitumen reserves located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does most of the Canadian oil supply end up? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the total area of the Cambodian asphalt deposits? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Credentials are typically conferred at the undergraduate level, however university-affiliated schools like the École de technologie supérieure and the École Polytechnique de Montréal (both of which are located in Quebec), also offer graduate and postgraduate programs, in accordance with provincial higher education guidelines. Canadian higher education institutions, at all levels, undertake directed and applied research with financing allocated through public funding, private equity, or industry sources. Question: In what city is the École Polytechnique de Montréal located? Answer: Quebec Question: In addition to private equity and industry sources, what's a third source of research funding for institutions of higher learning in Canada? Answer: public funding
Context: Samurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters and writers, setting up newspaper companies, and others entered governmental service. Some samurai became businessmen. For example, Iwasaki Yatarō, who was the great-grandson of a samurai, established Mitsubishi. Question: What group made up most of Japan's first exchange students? Answer: Samurai Question: Who started Mitsubishi? Answer: Iwasaki Yatarō Question: What was Iwasaki's relationship to samurai? Answer: great-grandson of a samurai Question: What kind of schools did samurai start? Answer: private schools for higher educations Question: Who did samurai write for? Answer: newspaper companies
Context: Israel retaliated against Egyptian shelling with commando raids, artillery shelling and air strikes. This resulted in an exodus of civilians from Egyptian cities along the Suez Canal's western bank. Nasser ceased all military activities and began a program to build a network of internal defenses, while receiving the financial backing of various Arab states. The war resumed in March 1969. In November, Nasser brokered an agreement between the PLO and the Lebanese military that granted Palestinian guerrillas the right to use Lebanese territory to attack Israel. Question: What did Nasser do to respond to Israeli attacks? Answer: build a network of internal defenses Question: When did the war start up again? Answer: March 1969 Question: What groups did Nasser broker an agreement with? Answer: PLO and the Lebanese military Question: Who would get to attack Israel from Lebanon? Answer: Palestinian guerrillas
Context: Additionally, there are around 60,000 non-Jewish African immigrants in Israel, some of whom have sought asylum. Most of the migrants are from communities in Sudan and Eritrea, particularly the Niger-Congo-speaking Nuba groups of the southern Nuba Mountains; some are illegal immigrants. Question: How many non-jewish African immigrants live in Israel? Answer: around 60,000 Question: What have these immigrants sought? Answer: asylum Question: Where are most of them from? Answer: Sudan and Eritrea Question: What languages do they speak? Answer: Niger-Congo Question: Where are the non jewish immigrants from? Answer: southern Nuba Mountains
Context: Another approach to hardware support for database management was ICL's CAFS accelerator, a hardware disk controller with programmable search capabilities. In the long term, these efforts were generally unsuccessful because specialized database machines could not keep pace with the rapid development and progress of general-purpose computers. Thus most database systems nowadays are software systems running on general-purpose hardware, using general-purpose computer data storage. However this idea is still pursued for certain applications by some companies like Netezza and Oracle (Exadata). Question: What is a CAFS accelerator? Answer: a hardware disk controller with programmable search capabilities Question: Did the CAFS accelerator work as planned? Answer: efforts were generally unsuccessful Question: How are today's database systems run? Answer: general-purpose hardware Question: Name a company that is still working on the CAFS accellerator? Answer: Netezza and Oracle (Exadata) Question: What is a CAFS decelerator? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is no longer used in modern database systems? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What companies still work on the CAFS decelerator? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are rarely seen nowadays? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a failed approach to hardware support for database management? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2004, West had his first of a number of public incidents during his attendance at music award events. At the American Music Awards of 2004, West stormed out of the auditorium after losing Best New Artist to country singer Gretchen Wilson. He later commented, "I felt like I was definitely robbed [...] I was the best new artist this year." After the 2006 Grammy nominations were released, West said he would "really have a problem" if he did not win the Album of the Year, saying, "I don't care what I do, I don't care how much I stunt – you can never take away from the amount of work I put into it. I don't want to hear all of that politically correct stuff." On November 2, 2006, when his "Touch the Sky" failed to win Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards, West went onto the stage as the award was being presented to Justice and Simian for "We Are Your Friends" and argued that he should have won the award instead. Hundreds of news outlets worldwide criticized the outburst. On November 7, 2006, West apologized for this outburst publicly during his performance as support act for U2 for their Vertigo concert in Brisbane. He later spoofed the incident on the 33rd season premiere of Saturday Night Live in September 2007. Question: To who did Kanye lose the Best New Artist award in 2004? Answer: Gretchen Wilson Question: The video for what song failed to win an award for again in 2006, leading to an onstage outburst by Kanye? Answer: Touch the Sky Question: What artist did Kanye West lose "Best New Artist" to at the 2004 AMAs? Answer: Gretchen Wilson Question: Which Kanye West video failed to win Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards? Answer: Touch the Sky Question: On what day did Kanye apologize for his ranting at the MTV Europe Awards? Answer: November 7, 2006 Question: What show did Kanye perform a spoof about the incident at the MTV Europe Awards? Answer: Saturday Night Live
Context: He reminded the council fathers that only a few years earlier Pope Pius XII had issued the encyclical Mystici corporis about the mystical body of Christ. He asked them not to repeat or create new dogmatic definitions but to explain in simple words how the Church sees itself. He thanked the representatives of other Christian communities for their attendance and asked for their forgiveness if the Catholic Church is guilty for the separation. He also reminded the Council Fathers that many bishops from the east could not attend because the governments in the East did not permit their journeys. Question: What edict did Pope Pius XXIII issue regarding the body of Christ? Answer: Mystici corporis Question: How is the body of Christ regarded by Catholic liturgy? Answer: mystical Question: What type of language did Paul VI want to the church to relay dogma in? Answer: simple Question: From what area were bishops prevented from attending the ecumenical meeting of Paul VI? Answer: the east Question: What did Paul VI ask other Christian faiths forgiveness for? Answer: separation
Context: The new head of state, Ibrahim Babangida, declared himself president and commander in chief of the armed forces and the ruling Supreme Military Council. He set 1990 as the official deadline for a return to democratic governance. Babangida's tenure was marked by a flurry of political activity: he instituted the International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) to aid in the repayment of the country's crushing international debt, which most federal revenue was dedicated to servicing. He enrolled Nigeria in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, which aggravated religious tensions in the country. Question: Which Nigerian leader decided Nigeria would return to democracy in 1990? Answer: Ibrahim Babangida Question: What did Babangida set up to help pay Nigeria's national debt? Answer: International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program Question: What was most of Nigeria's federal income being spent on? Answer: debt Question: What controversial religious group did Nigeria join? Answer: Organisation of the Islamic Conference
Context: In October 2004, Sarah Forsyth claimed that she had been dismissed unfairly by Eton College and had been bullied by senior staff. She also claimed she was instructed to do some of Prince Harry's coursework to enable him to pass AS Art. As evidence, Forsyth provided secretly recorded conversations with both Prince Harry and her Head of Department, Ian Burke. An employment tribunal in July 2005 found that she had been unfairly dismissed and criticised Burke for bullying her and for repeatedly changing his story. It also criticised the school for failing to produce its capability procedures and criticised the Head Master for not reviewing the case independently. Question: Who claimed she had been unfairly fired by Eton and won her case? Answer: Sarah Forsyth Question: What did Sarah Forsyth provide as evidence to her unfair termination and job duties? Answer: secretly recorded conversations with both Prince Harry and her Head of Department, Ian Burke Question: For what was Eton criticized in its handling of the Forsyth case? Answer: failing to produce its capability procedures Question: Who was criticized for not handling the Forsyth case independently? Answer: the Head Master Question: Who was the Head Master of Eton in 2004? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What position did Sarah Forsyth have at Eton in 2004? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Prince Harry graduate from Eton? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Prince Harry start attending Eton? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Ian Burke become a Head of Department at Eton? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In his 1805 mandolin method, Anweisung die Mandoline von selbst zu erlernen nebst einigen Uebungsstucken von Bortolazzi, Bartolomeo Bortolazzi popularised the Cremonese mandolin, which had four single-strings and a fixed bridge, to which the strings were attached. Bortolazzi said in this book that the new wire strung mandolins were uncomfortable to play, when compared with the gut-string instruments. Also, he felt they had a "less pleasing...hard, zither-like tone" as compared to the gut string's "softer, full-singing tone." He favored the four single strings of the Cremonese instrument, which were tuned the same as the Neapolitan. Question: Who popularised the Cremonese Mandolin? Answer: Bartolomeo Bortolazzi Question: What was Bartolomeo Bortolazzi's popular mandolin method? Answer: Anweisung die Mandoline von selbst zu erlernen nebst einigen Uebungsstucken von Bortolazzi Question: How many strings did the Cremonese Mandolin have? Answer: four single-strings Question: Did Bortolazzi like playing the new wire strung mandolins? Answer: uncomfortable to play Question: What did Bortolazzi say about the sound? Answer: less pleasing...hard, zither-like tone Question: Who didn't popularize the Cremonese Mandolin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Bartolomeo Bortolazzi's unpopular mandolin method? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many double strings did the Cremonese Mandolin have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Bortolazzi say about the tempo? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to Mendelian inheritance, variations in an organism's phenotype (observable physical and behavioral characteristics) are due in part to variations in its genotype (particular set of genes). Each gene specifies a particular trait with different sequence of a gene (alleles) giving rise to different phenotypes. Most eukaryotic organisms (such as the pea plants Mendel worked on) have two alleles for each trait, one inherited from each parent.:20 Question: According to Mendelian inheritance, what is part of the cause of variations in an organism's phenotype? Answer: variations in its genotype Question: What sort of characteristics are described by an organism's phenotype? Answer: observable physical and behavioral characteristics Question: What is a genotype? Answer: particular set of genes Question: What specifies a particular trait with a different sequence of alleles? Answer: Each gene Question: How many alleles do most eukaryotic organisms have for each trait? Answer: two alleles for each trait
Context: A residential elevator is often permitted to be of lower cost and complexity than full commercial elevators. They may have unique design characteristics suited for home furnishings, such as hinged wooden shaft-access doors rather than the typical metal sliding doors of commercial elevators. Construction may be less robust than in commercial designs with shorter maintenance periods, but safety systems such as locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones must still be present in the event of malfunction. Question: What type of elevators are generally less costly than full commercial elevators? Answer: residential Question: What type of doors do commercial elevators use? Answer: metal sliding Question: What safety mechanisms are still required, despite lower design costs? Answer: locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones Question: What type of elevator has a hinged wooden shaft-access door? Answer: residential
Context: In 1985, the combination of the Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher and Aldus PageMaker enabled users to design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics—an activity to become known as desktop publishing. Initially, desktop publishing was unique to the Macintosh, but eventually became available for other platforms. Later, applications such as Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, and Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator strengthened the Mac's position as a graphics computer and helped to expand the emerging desktop publishing market. Question: When was the activity of desktop publishing first used? Answer: 1985 Question: What company was desktop publishing unique to at it's beginning? Answer: Macintosh Question: What three things were combined to develop desktop publishing? Answer: Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher Question: What did desktop publishing enable users to do? Answer: design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics Question: What applications strengthened Mac's position as a graphics computer? Answer: Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, and Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator Question: When was the activity of desktop publishing last used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company was desktop publishing not unique to at it's beginning? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two things were combined to develop desktop publishing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did desktop publishing disable users from doing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What applications weakened Mac's position as a graphics computer? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Season nine premiered on January 12, 2010. The upheaval at the judging panel continued. Ellen DeGeneres joined as a judge to replace Paula Abdul at the start of Hollywood Week. Question: What year did season nine of American Idol first air? Answer: 2010 Question: Who filled the judges spot vacated by Paula Abdul on season nine of American Idol? Answer: Ellen DeGeneres Question: At what point during season 9 of American Idol did Ellen Degeneres become a judge? Answer: Hollywood Week Question: When did season nine premiere? Answer: January 12, 2010 Question: Which original judge left prior to the start of the season? Answer: Paula Abdul Question: Who replaced Abdul? Answer: Ellen DeGeneres Question: When did Ellen join the judges' panel? Answer: Hollywood Week
Context: Much of California consists of a Mediterranean climate, with sometimes excessive rainfall from October–April and nearly no rain the rest of the year. In the Pacific Northwest rain falls year-round, but is much heavier during winter and spring. The mountains of the west receive abundant precipitation and very heavy snowfall. The Cascades are one of the snowiest places in the world, with some places averaging over 600 inches (1,524 cm) of snow annually, but the lower elevations closer to the coast receive very little snow. Question: What is the most prevalent type of climate nCalifornia? Answer: Mediterranean Question: During what time of the year does California receive the most rainfall? Answer: October–April Question: Which region of the US experiences rain year round? Answer: Pacific Northwest Question: Which region in the US is also one of the most snowiest places in the world? Answer: The Cascades Question: How many inches of snow do regions of the Cascades receive? Answer: 600 inches Question: California has little rainfall and what type of climate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: California receives the least amount of rainfall during what months? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The what mountains receive little precipitation and light snowfall? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What mountain range averages under 600 inches of snow year? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: City transportation in Strasbourg includes the futurist-looking Strasbourg tramway that opened in 1994 and is operated by the regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois (CTS), consisting of 6 lines with a total length of 55.8 km (34.7 mi). The CTS also operates a comprehensive bus network throughout the city that is integrated with the trams. With more than 500 km (311 mi) of bicycle paths, biking in the city is convenient and the CTS operates a cheap bike-sharing scheme named Vélhop'. The CTS, and its predecessors, also operated a previous generation of tram system between 1878 and 1960, complemented by trolleybus routes between 1939 and 1962. Question: What year did the Strasbourg tramway open? Answer: 1994 Question: Who operates the Strasbourg tramway? Answer: regional transit company Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois Question: How many lines does the Strasbourg tramway have? Answer: 6 Question: What is the length of the Strasbourg tramway in total? Answer: 55.8 km Question: How far do bike paths stretch in Strasbourg? Answer: 500 km Question: What do the buses look like in Strasbourg? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Compagnie des Transport Strasbourgeois established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long is the bus network? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long were the trolleybus routes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Velhop established? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The gut is generally an almost straight tube supported by the mesenteries (vertical partitions within segments), and ends with the anus on the underside of the pygidium. However, in members of the tube-dwelling family Siboglinidae the gut is blocked by a swollen lining that houses symbiotic bacteria, which can make up 15% of the worms' total weight. The bacteria convert inorganic matter – such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from hydrothermal vents, or methane from seeps – to organic matter that feeds themselves and their hosts, while the worms extend their palps into the gas flows to absorb the gases needed by the bacteria. Question: What type of annelids are tube-dwelling? Answer: Siboglinidae Question: What blocks the Siboglinidae's gut? Answer: a swollen lining Question: How much of a Siboglinidae's weight is symbiotic bacteria? Answer: 15% Question: What gases come from hydrothermal vents? Answer: hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide Question: What gases come from seeps? Answer: methane Question: What type of annelids are brain-dwelling? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What blocks the Siboglinidae's blood? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much of a Siboglinidae's consciousness is symbiotic bacteria? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What liquids come from hydrothermal bottles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What foods come from seeps? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht, which plays in Stadium Nieuw Galgenwaard. It is also the home of Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members), SV Kampong. Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules. Kampong's men and women top hockey squads play in the highest Dutch hockey league, the Rabohoofdklasse.Utrecht is also home to the baseball and Sofball club: UVV which plays in the highest Dutch baseball league: de Hoofdklasse. Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs. Viking is a large club open to the general public, and the student clubs Orca and Triton compete in the Varsity each year. Question: What football team is Utrecht home to Answer: Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht Question: What Utrecht waterways host to Answer: Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs Question: What is kampong Answer: Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members) Question: What sports does Kampong support Answer: Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules. Question: What is the largest amature sportsclub in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What sports are offered at Europes largest sportsclub? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What student clubs are open to the general public? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What stadium does the varsity football team play at? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A strong and prominent a cappella tradition was begun in the midwest part of the United States in 1911 by F. Melius Christiansen, a music faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. The St. Olaf College Choir was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church, where Christiansen was organist and the choir was composed, at least partially, of students from the nearby St. Olaf campus. The success of the ensemble was emulated by other regional conductors, and a rich tradition of a cappella choral music was born in the region at colleges like Concordia College (Moorhead, Minnesota), Augustana College (Rock Island, Illinois), Wartburg College (Waverly, Iowa), Luther College (Decorah, Iowa), Gustavus Adolphus College (St. Peter, Minnesota), Augustana College (Sioux Falls, South Dakota), and Augsburg College (Minneapolis, Minnesota). The choirs typically range from 40 to 80 singers and are recognized for their efforts to perfect blend, intonation, phrasing and pitch in a large choral setting. Question: When did a cappella begin to take hold in the United States? Answer: 1911 Question: What was the name of the choir F. Mellus Christiansen used? Answer: The St. Olaf College Choir Question: How many singers are typically in the choirs? Answer: 40 to 80 Question: Who did the St. Olaf Choir influence? Answer: other regional conductors Question: What tradition was started in the western US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who spoke against a cappella in 1911? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was emulated by other conductors across the country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do a capella choirs struggle to perfect in a large choral setting? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who started a prominent choir in 1911? Answer: Unanswerable Question: At what college was F. Melius Christiansen a student? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What church was Augsburg College connected to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Wartburg College influence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many singers are in a cappella? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the United States, "Cultural Studies" focuses largely on the study of popular culture, that is, on the social meanings of mass-produced consumer and leisure goods. Richard Hoggart coined the term in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS. It has since become strongly associated with Stuart Hall, who succeeded Hoggart as Director. Cultural studies in this sense, then, can be viewed as a limited concentration scoped on the intricacies of consumerism, which belongs to a wider culture sometimes referred to as "Western Civilization" or as "Globalism." Question: In the U.S what does "Cultural Studies" focus largely on in this field? Answer: popular culture Question: Who first coined the term "Cultural Studies" in the United States? Answer: Richard Hoggart Question: What was the name of the company founded by Hoggart in 1964? Answer: Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS Question: The CCCS has since been associated with who? Answer: Stuart Hall Question: In the UK what does "Cultural Studies" focus little on in this field? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who first coined the term "Cultural Studies" in the United Kingdom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the company founded by Hoggart in 1954? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The CCCS has since been disassociated with who? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The operations of individual brain cells are now understood in considerable detail but the way they cooperate in ensembles of millions is yet to be solved. Recent models in modern neuroscience treat the brain as a biological computer, very different in mechanism from an electronic computer, but similar in the sense that it acquires information from the surrounding world, stores it, and processes it in a variety of ways, analogous to the central processing unit (CPU) in a computer. Question: Which part of a computer does the brain most resemble? Answer: central processing unit (CPU)
Context: The American Lunar Module was finally ready for a successful piloted test flight in low Earth orbit on Apollo 9 in March 1969. The next mission, Apollo 10, conducted a "dress rehearsal" for the first landing in May 1969, flying the LM in lunar orbit as close as 47,400 feet (14.4 km) above the surface, the point where the powered descent to the surface would begin. With the LM proven to work well, the next step was to attempt the actual landing. Question: How close to the ground was the Lunar Module in May 1969 during its landing test? Answer: 47,400 feet Question: The Lunar Module completed its first low Earth orbit on what date? Answer: March 1969
Context: Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Funafuti. Louis Becke, who later found success as a writer, was a trader on Nanumanga from April 1880 until the trading-station was destroyed later that year in a cyclone. He then became a trader on Nukufetau. Question: In what century did trading companies arrive in Tuvalu? Answer: mid-19th Question: What type of traders did the trading companies employ on Tuvalu? Answer: palagi traders Question: Who was the first European to permanently settle on Tuvalu? Answer: John (also known as Jack) O'Brien Question: Which native did O'Brien marry? Answer: Salai Question: What trader turned author established a post on Tuvalu? Answer: Louis Becke
Context: The essence of the information processing approach is to try to understand brain function in terms of information flow and implementation of algorithms. One of the most influential early contributions was a 1959 paper titled What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain: the paper examined the visual responses of neurons in the retina and optic tectum of frogs, and came to the conclusion that some neurons in the tectum of the frog are wired to combine elementary responses in a way that makes them function as "bug perceivers". A few years later David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel discovered cells in the primary visual cortex of monkeys that become active when sharp edges move across specific points in the field of view—a discovery for which they won a Nobel Prize. Follow-up studies in higher-order visual areas found cells that detect binocular disparity, color, movement, and aspects of shape, with areas located at increasing distances from the primary visual cortex showing increasingly complex responses. Other investigations of brain areas unrelated to vision have revealed cells with a wide variety of response correlates, some related to memory, some to abstract types of cognition such as space. Question: The scientific paper, What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain was released in what year? Answer: 1959 Question: Who won a Nobel Prize for the discovery that cells in the visual cortex of monkeys become active when sharp edges move? Answer: David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel
Context: Greece is the birthplace of the ancient Olympic Games, first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, and hosted the modern Olympic Games twice, the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics. During the parade of nations Greece is always called first, as the founding nation of the ancient precursor of modern Olympics. The nation has competed at every Summer Olympic Games, one of only four countries to have done so. Having won a total of 110 medals (30 gold, 42 silver and 38 bronze), Greece is ranked 32nd by gold medals in the all-time Summer Olympic medal count. Their best ever performance was in the 1896 Summer Olympics, when Greece finished second in the medal table with 10 gold medals. Question: Greece is the birthplace of what sporting event? Answer: Olympic Games Question: The first Olympic games was recorded in what year? Answer: 776 BC Question: Where were the first Olympic games in 775 BC held? Answer: Olympia Question: During the Olympic parade of nations, who is always called first? Answer: Greece Question: What ranking does Greece hold in all-time summer Olympics gold medal count? Answer: 32nd
Context: During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island. Question: What island was once a part of Long Island? Answer: Staten Island Question: During what period was the area around New York City located at the edge of an ice sheet 1,000 feet deep? Answer: the Wisconsinan glaciation Question: Long Island and Staten Island were split in half by what geographical phenomenon? Answer: ice sheet
Context: Elimination of Polish elites and intelligentia was part of Generalplan Ost. The Intelligenzaktion, a plan to eliminate the Polish intelligentsia, Poland's 'leadership class', took place soon after the German invasion of Poland, lasting from fall of 1939 till spring of 1940. As the result of this operation in 10 regional actions about 60,000 Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists were killed. It was continued in May 1940 when Germany launched AB-Aktion, More than 16,000 members of the intelligentsia were murdered in Operation Tannenberg alone. Question: Who were the “intelligentia?” Answer: Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists Question: How long did liquidation occur? Answer: fall of 1939 till spring of 1940 Question: How many intelligentia were killed during operation AB-Akiton? Answer: 16,000 members Question: Who weren't the “intelligentia?” Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long didn't liquidation occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long did liquidation stop? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many intelligentia were saved during operation AB-Akiton? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many intelligentia were killed during operation BA-Akiton? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: New Haven Harbor is home to the Port of New Haven, a deep-water seaport with three berths capable of hosting vessels and barges as well as the facilities required to handle break bulk cargo. The port has the capacity to load 200 trucks a day from the ground or via loading docks. Rail transportation access is available, with a private switch engine for yard movements and private siding for loading and unloading. Approximately 400,000 square feet (40,000 m2) of inside storage and 50 acres (200,000 m2) of outside storage are available at the site. Five shore cranes with a 250-ton capacity and 26 forklifts, each with a 26-ton capacity, are also available. Question: In what harbor is the Port of New Haven located? Answer: New Haven Harbor Question: How many trucks does the Port of New Haven have the daily capacity to load? Answer: 200 Question: In addition to ground service, what other function is available at the Port of New Haven for offloading truck cargo? Answer: loading docks Question: Approximately how many square feet of interior storage is available at the Port of New Haven? Answer: 400,000 Question: Approximately how many acres of outside storage does the Port of New Haven offer? Answer: 50 Question: The name of New Haven harbor? Answer: Port of New Haven Question: In terms of scale how big is the harbor? Answer: 400,000 square feet Question: How many forklift are available for use in it everyday production? Answer: 26 Question: How many transport vehicle can the harbor actually hold? Answer: 200
Context: The many institutions on 187th Street include Mount Sinai Jewish Center, the Dombrov Shtiebel, and the uptown campus of Yeshiva University. The local public elementary school P.S. 187 is located on Cabrini Boulevard, just north of the eponymous 187th Street Question: Which school is located on Cabrini Boulevard? Answer: P.S. 187 Question: On what street is the Dombrov Shtiebel? Answer: 187th Street Question: Which University has a campus on 187th Street? Answer: Yeshiva University Question: Cabrini Boulevard is just north of what street? Answer: 187th Street Question: On what street is the Mount Sinai Jewish Center? Answer: 187th Street
Context: To the extent that Italy held the territory by UN mandate, the trusteeship provisions gave the Somalis the opportunity to gain experience in political education and self-government. These were advantages that British Somaliland, which was to be incorporated into the new Somali state, did not have. Although in the 1950s British colonial officials attempted, through various administrative development efforts, to make up for past neglect, the protectorate stagnated. The disparity between the two territories in economic development and political experience would cause serious difficulties when it came time to integrate the two parts. Meanwhile, in 1948, under pressure from their World War II allies and to the dismay of the Somalis, the British "returned" the Haud (an important Somali grazing area that was presumably 'protected' by British treaties with the Somalis in 1884 and 1886) and the Ogaden to Ethiopia, based on a treaty they signed in 1897 in which the British ceded Somali territory to the Ethiopian Emperor Menelik in exchange for his help against plundering by Somali clans. Britain included the proviso that the Somali nomads would retain their autonomy, but Ethiopia immediately claimed sovereignty over them. This prompted an unsuccessful bid by Britain in 1956 to buy back the Somali lands it had turned over. Britain also granted administration of the almost exclusively Somali-inhabited Northern Frontier District (NFD) to Kenyan nationalists despite an informal plebiscite demonstrating the overwhelming desire of the region's population to join the newly formed Somali Republic. Question: Along with the Haud, what area of Somalia was given to Ethiopia by the British? Answer: the Ogaden Question: In what year did the British give the Haud to Ethiopia? Answer: 1948 Question: The Ogaden was given to Ethiopia on the basis of a treaty signed by the British with what Ethiopian leader? Answer: Emperor Menelik Question: In what year did Britain try to purchase Somali lands from Ethiopia? Answer: 1956 Question: What people constituted almost the entire population of the Northern Frontier District? Answer: Somali
Context: The Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany), while the Memel Territory was detached and was annexed by Lithuania in 1923. Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, war-torn East Prussia was divided at Joseph Stalin's insistence between the Soviet Union (the Kaliningrad Oblast in the Russian SFSR and the constituent counties of the Klaipėda Region in the Lithuanian SSR) and the People's Republic of Poland (the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship). The capital city Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946. The German population of the province was largely evacuated during the war or expelled shortly thereafter in the expulsion of Germans after World War II. An estimated 300,000 (around one fifth of the population) died either in war time bombings raids or in the battles to defend the province.[citation needed] Question: What year did the Kingdom of Prussia become the leading state of the German Empire? Answer: 1871 Question: What well known treaty would eventually would grant West Prussia to Poland? Answer: Versailles Question: What year did the Nazi's fall in World War II? Answer: 1945 Question: How many died trying to defend the province in Kaliningrad? Answer: 300,000 Question: How many people lived in Kaliningrad in 1946? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Kingdom of Prussia founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Joseph Stalin come to power? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Houston Theater District, located downtown, is home to nine major performing arts organizations and six performance halls. It is the second-largest concentration of theater seats in a downtown area in the United States. Houston is one of few United States cities with permanent, professional, resident companies in all major performing arts disciplines: opera (Houston Grand Opera), ballet (Houston Ballet), music (Houston Symphony Orchestra), and theater (The Alley Theatre). Houston is also home to folk artists, art groups and various small progressive arts organizations. Houston attracts many touring Broadway acts, concerts, shows, and exhibitions for a variety of interests. Facilities in the Theater District include the Jones Hall—home of the Houston Symphony Orchestra and Society for the Performing Arts—and the Hobby Center for the Performing Arts. Question: What area of Houston hosts performing arts? Answer: Houston Theater District Question: Of what is Houston second in performing arts? Answer: theater seats Question: To what type of arts is Houston home? Answer: major performing arts Question: To what group is Jones Hall home? Answer: Houston Symphony Orchestra Question: Besides Jones Hall, what other organization is housed in the Theater District? Answer: Hobby Center for the Performing Arts Question: What area of Houston hosts visual arts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Of what is Houston fourth in performing arts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: To what type of arts is Texas home? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company is Jones Hall owned by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Besides Jones Hall, what other organization is housed in the Movie District? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Dr. Alexander Graham Bell was buried atop Beinn Bhreagh mountain, on his estate where he had resided increasingly for the last 35 years of his life, overlooking Bras d'Or Lake. He was survived by his wife Mabel, his two daughters, Elsie May and Marian, and nine of his grandchildren. Question: Where was Bell buried? Answer: atop Beinn Bhreagh mountain Question: Bell's living daughters were named Elsie May and what? Answer: Marian Question: Over how many years did Bell spend a great deal of time at Beinn Bhreagh? Answer: 35
Context: In the dicotyledons, the bundles in the very young stem are arranged in an open ring, separating a central pith from an outer cortex. In each bundle, separating the xylem and phloem, is a layer of meristem or active formative tissue known as cambium. By the formation of a layer of cambium between the bundles (interfascicular cambium), a complete ring is formed, and a regular periodical increase in thickness results from the development of xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside. The soft phloem becomes crushed, but the hard wood persists and forms the bulk of the stem and branches of the woody perennial. Owing to differences in the character of the elements produced at the beginning and end of the season, the wood is marked out in transverse section into concentric rings, one for each season of growth, called annual rings. Question: What shape are the bundles in the young stem of dicotyledons arranged in? Answer: an open ring Question: What does the cambium separate? Answer: xylem and phloem Question: What is a layer of meristem or formative tissue known as? Answer: cambium Question: What results from the development of xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside? Answer: increase in thickness Question: What's another name for the concentric rings in trees? Answer: annual rings Question: What is formed when a layer of dicotyledons is formed between the bundles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes a regular increase in young stems? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens when the annual rings are crushed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is soft phloem marked for each growth season? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How are bundles in young stems arranged in branches? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco's dictatorship. The new president's main objective was to develop Barcelona into a world-class club by giving it stability both on and off the pitch. His presidency was to last for 22 years, and it deeply affected the image of Barcelona, as Núñez held to a strict policy regarding wages and discipline, letting go of such players as Maradona, Romário and Ronaldo rather than meeting their demands. Question: Who was the first elected president of the Barcelona club? Answer: Josep Lluís Núñez Question: When was Nunez elected as president of FC Barcelona? Answer: 1978 Question: What group elects the club president? Answer: members of Barcelona Question: How long was Nunez president of Barcelona? Answer: 22 years Question: What was Nunez known to be strict about? Answer: wages and discipline
Context: Significant legislative changes in the status of the szlachta, as defined by Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries, consist of its 1374 exemption from the land tax, a 1425 guarantee against the 'arbitrary arrests and/or seizure of property' of its members, a 1454 requirement that military forces and new taxes be approved by provincial Sejms, and statutes issued between 1496 and 1611 that prescribed the rights of commoners. Question: Who defined the significant legislative changes? Answer: Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries Question: What is one exemption was part of the significant changes in legislation? Answer: 1374 exemption from the land tax, Question: What did the 1425 requirement entail? Answer: requirement that military forces and new taxes be approved by provincial Sejms Question: What were the statutes issued between 1496 and 1611 prescribed from? Answer: rights of commoners
Context: The trial in Manhattan of John Peter Zenger in 1735 helped to establish the freedom of the press in North America. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King's College in Lower Manhattan. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October 1765 as the Sons of Liberty organized in the city, skirmishing over the next ten years with British troops stationed there. Question: In what year was John Peter Zenger tried? Answer: 1735 Question: On what island did Zenger's trial occur? Answer: Manhattan Question: In what year was Columbia University chartered? Answer: 1754 Question: Under what king did the founding of Columbia University occur? Answer: George II Question: What was the original name of Columbia University? Answer: King's College Question: Which trial in Manhatten helped establish the right of freedom of the press? Answer: John Peter Zenger Question: Columbia University of New York was founded in what year? Answer: 1754 Question: The Stamp Act Congress had a meeting in 1765 in which US city? Answer: New York
Context: King County Metro provides frequent stop bus service within the city and surrounding county, as well as a South Lake Union Streetcar line between the South Lake Union neighborhood and Westlake Center in downtown. Seattle is one of the few cities in North America whose bus fleet includes electric trolleybuses. Sound Transit currently provides an express bus service within the metropolitan area; two Sounder commuter rail lines between the suburbs and downtown; its Central Link light rail line, which opened in 2009, between downtown and Sea-Tac Airport gives the city its first rapid transit line that has intermediate stops within the city limits. Washington State Ferries, which manages the largest network of ferries in the United States and third largest in the world, connects Seattle to Bainbridge and Vashon Islands in Puget Sound and to Bremerton and Southworth on the Kitsap Peninsula. Question: What is Seattle's bus line called? Answer: King County Metro Question: What service runs between South Lake Union and Westlake Center? Answer: South Lake Union Streetcar Question: What organization runs the largest line of ferries in the US? Answer: Washington State Ferries Question: How does the Seattle ferry line compare to the rest of the world? Answer: third largest Question: To what two islands does the ferry service connect? Answer: Bainbridge and Vashon
Context: In 1998, UNICEF reported that Ivory Coast farmers used enslaved children – many from surrounding countries. In late 2000 a BBC documentary reported the use of enslaved children in the production of cocoa—the main ingredient in chocolate— in West Africa. Other media followed by reporting widespread child slavery and child trafficking in the production of cocoa. In 2001, the US State Department estimated there were 15,000 child slaves cocoa, cotton and coffee farms in the Ivory Coast, and the Chocolate Manufacturers Association acknowledged that child slavery is used in the cocoa harvest.[not in citation given][better source needed] Question: Who reported Ivory Coast farmers usage of child labour? Answer: UNICEF Question: What do child labourers work on in West Africa? Answer: production of cocoa Question: How many child slaves were reported in cocoa, coffee and cotton farms? Answer: 15,000
Context: The Wagner tuba, a modified member of the horn family, appears in Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen and several other works by Strauss, Béla Bartók, and others; it has a prominent role in Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 7 in E Major. Cornets appear in Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake, Claude Debussy's La Mer, and several orchestral works by Hector Berlioz. Unless these instruments are played by members doubling on another instrument (for example, a trombone player changing to euphonium for a certain passage), orchestras will use freelance musicians to augment their regular rosters. Question: What is the name of the modified member of the horn family appearing in several works by Strauss? Answer: The Wagner tuba Question: Which symphony of Anton Bruckner's does the Wagner tuba have a prominent role in? Answer: Symphony No. 7 in E Major Question: Who wrote the ballet Swan Lake? Answer: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Question: What will orchestras use to augment their regular rosters? Answer: freelance musicians Question: What Debussy piece features a cornet? Answer: La Mer
Context: London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is one of the world's leading financial centres and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement.[note 3] London is a world cultural capital. It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic. London is one of the world's leading investment destinations, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and a 2014 report placed it first in the world university rankings. According to the report London also ranks first in the world in software, multimedia development and design, and shares first position in technology readiness. In 2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times. Question: Where does London rank in terms of metropolitan area GDP? Answer: fifth-or sixth-largest Question: How many times has London hosted the Summer Olympic Games? Answer: three Question: What measurement designates London as the world's most visited city? Answer: international arrivals Question: How many universities does London boast? Answer: 43 Question: When did London most recently host the Summer Olympics? Answer: 2012
Context: Several universities located outside Boston have a major presence in the city. Harvard University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, is centered across the Charles River in Cambridge but has the majority of its land holdings and a substantial amount of its educational activities in Boston. Its business, medical, dental, and public health schools are located in Boston's Allston and Longwood neighborhoods. Harvard has plans for additional expansion into Allston. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which originated in Boston and was long known as "Boston Tech", moved across the river to Cambridge in 1916. Tufts University, whose main campus is north of the city in Somerville and Medford, locates its medical and dental school in Boston's Chinatown at Tufts Medical Center, a 451-bed academic medical institution that is home to both a full-service hospital for adults and the Floating Hospital for Children. Question: What Univesity located outside of Boston still holds a large presence in the city? Answer: Harvard University Question: What is the nations oldest college? Answer: Harvard University Question: Where does Harvard plan to expand to? Answer: Allston Question: What was MIT originally known as? Answer: Boston Tech Question: In 1916, MIT moved across the river to what city? Answer: Cambridge
Context: Computers have been used to coordinate information between multiple locations since the 1950s. The U.S. military's SAGE system was the first large-scale example of such a system, which led to a number of special-purpose commercial systems such as Sabre. Question: What system of the U.S. military's was the first large-scale system to coordinate information between several locations? Answer: SAGE system Question: When were computers first used to coordinate information between many locations? Answer: the 1950s