Datasets:
ServiceNow
/
squad_v2_processed

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
2
text
large_stringlengths
236
26.5k
Context: The first institute of madrasa education was at the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam near a hill called Safa, where Hazrat Muhammad was the teacher and the students were some of his followers.[citation needed] After Hijrah (migration) the madrasa of "Suffa" was established in Madina on the east side of the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi mosque. Hazrat 'Ubada bin Samit was appointed there by Hazrat Muhammad as teacher and among the students.[citation needed] In the curriculum of the madrasa, there were teachings of The Qur'an,The Hadith, fara'iz, tajweed, genealogy, treatises of first aid, etc. There were also trainings of horse-riding, art of war, handwriting and calligraphy, athletics and martial arts. The first part of madrasa based education is estimated from the first day of "nabuwwat" to the first portion of the "Umaiya" caliphate.[citation needed] Question: Where was the first madrasa located? Answer: the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam Question: Who was the teacher at the first madrasa? Answer: Hazrat Muhammad Question: Who was named as a teacher at the second madrasa, housed in a mosque? Answer: Hazrat 'Ubada bin Samit Question: What handwriting art form was taught in the early madaris? Answer: calligraphy Question: What type of physical fitness activities were taught in the early madaris? Answer: athletics and martial arts Question: Where was the second madrasa located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the teacher at the third madrasa? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was named as a teacher at the last madrasa? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What martial arts was taught in the early madaris? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of ball sports were taught in the early madaris? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: John had spent the conflict travelling alongside his father, and was given widespread possessions across the Angevin empire as part of the Montlouis settlement; from then onwards, most observers regarded John as Henry II's favourite child, although he was the furthest removed in terms of the royal succession. Henry II began to find more lands for John, mostly at various nobles' expense. In 1175 he appropriated the estates of the late Earl of Cornwall and gave them to John. The following year, Henry disinherited the sisters of Isabelle of Gloucester, contrary to legal custom, and betrothed John to the now extremely wealthy Isabelle. In 1177, at the Council of Oxford, Henry dismissed William FitzAldelm as the Lord of Ireland and replaced him with the ten-year-old John. Question: John spent the conflict traveling alongside who? Answer: his father Question: When did Henry II appropriate the estates of the late Earl of Cornwall? Answer: 1175 Question: Who dismissed William FitzAldelm as the Lord of Ireland? Answer: Henry
Context: Following his defeat in the civil war, Gaddafi's system of governance was dismantled and replaced under the interim government of the NTC, who legalised trade unions and freedom of the press. In July 2012, elections were held to form a new General National Congress (GNC), who officially took over governance from the NTC in August. The GNC proceeded to elect Mohammed Magariaf as president of the chamber, and then voted Mustafa A.G. Abushagur as Prime Minister; when Abushagar failed to gain congressional approval, the GNC instead elected Ali Zeidan to the position. In January 2013, the GNC officially renamed the Jamahiriyah as the "State of Libya". Question: Who was elected president of the GNC? Answer: Mohammed Magariaf Question: Who was initially named prime minister by the GNC? Answer: Mustafa A.G. Abushagur Question: Why did Mustafa A.G. Abushagur not become prime minister? Answer: failed to gain congressional approval Question: Who did the GNC eventually make prime minister? Answer: Ali Zeidan Question: What official name did the GNC give to Libya? Answer: State of Libya
Context: In its 2012 list of "500 Greatest Albums of All Time, Rolling Stone included three of West's albums—The College Dropout at number 298, Late Registration at number 118, and My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy at number 353. Question: How many of Kanye's albums placed on the 2012 Rolling Stone list? Answer: 3 Question: How many of West's albums were included on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list? Answer: 3
Context: As with any other country during the Early Modern Period, such as Italy and Spain in Europe, the Ottoman social life was interconnected with the medrese. Medreses were built in as part of a Mosque complex where many programmes, such as aid to the poor through soup kitchens, were held under the infrastructure of a mosque, which reveals the interconnectedness of religion and social life during this period. "The mosques to which medreses were attached, dominated the social life in Ottoman cities." Social life was not dominated by religion only in the Muslim world of the Ottoman Empire; it was also quite similar to the social life of Europe during this period. As Goffman says: "Just as mosques dominated social life for the Ottomans, churches and synagogues dominated life for the Christians and Jews as well." Hence, social life and the medrese were closely linked, since medreses taught many curricula, such as religion, which highly governed social life in terms of establishing orthodoxy. "They tried moving their developing state toward Islamic orthodoxy." Overall, the fact that mosques contained medreses comes to show the relevance of education to religion in the sense that education took place within the framework of religion and religion established social life by trying to create a common religious orthodoxy. Hence, medreses were simply part of the social life of society as students came to learn the fundamentals of their societal values and beliefs. Question: What kind of social service was provided through the madaris? Answer: aid to the poor through soup kitchens Question: What had a hold over social life in the Ottoman Empire as well as other cultures? Answer: religion Question: Where did students learn about religious and social norms? Answer: medreses Question: What practice was desired through connecting religion and schools? Answer: Islamic orthodoxy Question: What kind of social service was not provided through the madaris? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What had a hold over social life in only the Ottoman Empire, not other cultures? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did teachers learn about religious and social norms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What practice was never desired through connecting religion and schools? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Citing a 2008 study, the U.S. Center for Disease Control estimated in 2015 that 4.5 million people in the USA are bitten by dogs each year. A 2015 study estimated that 1.8% of the U.S. population is bitten each year. In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged 17 fatalities per year, while in the 2000s this has increased to 26. 77% of dog bites are from the pet of family or friends, and 50% of attacks occur on the property of the dog's legal owner. Question: How many people are bitten by dogs every year in America? Answer: 4.5 million Question: During the 1980s and 1990s, how many people were killed annually because of dog bites? Answer: 17 Question: In the 2000s, how many people died every year because of dog bites? Answer: 26 Question: According to a 2008 CDC report, how many are bitten in the United States annually? Answer: 4.5 million Question: What decade saw an increase from 17 to 26 deaths caused by dogs? Answer: 2000s
Context: Buddhism provides many opportunities for comparative study with a diverse range of subjects. For example, Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle way not only provides a unique guideline for ethics but has also allowed Buddhism to peacefully coexist with various differing beliefs, customs and institutions in countries where it has resided throughout its history. Also, its moral and spiritual parallels with other systems of thought—for example, with various tenets of Christianity—have been subjects of close study. In addition, the Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to modern scientific thought, as well as Western metaphysics. Question: What provides chances for comparative study with a large range of subjects? Answer: Buddhism Question: Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle Way provides a guideline for what? Answer: ethics Question: Buddism has what kind of parallels withother systems of thought? Answer: moral and spiritual Question: Buddhism had similiar tenets to what other common religion? Answer: Christianity Question: Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what modern thought? Answer: scientific
Context: After the failed union of Sweden and Norway of 1319–1365, the pan-Scandinavian Kalmar Union was instituted in 1397. The Swedes were reluctant members of the Danish-dominated union from the start. In an attempt to subdue the Swedes, King Christian II of Denmark had large numbers of the Swedish aristocracy killed in the Stockholm Bloodbath of 1520. Yet this measure only led to further hostilities, and Sweden broke away for good in 1523. Norway, on the other hand, became an inferior party of the union and remained united with Denmark until 1814. Question: When was the Kalmar Union formed? Answer: 1397 Question: Which Danish King was responsible for the Stockholm Bloodbath? Answer: King Christian II Question: In what year did Sweden break away from the Kalmar Union? Answer: 1523 Question: Denmark and Norway remained in the Kalmar Union until what year? Answer: 1814 Question: In what year did the Stockholm Bloodbath take place? Answer: 1520 Question: When wasn't the Kalmar Union formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Amish King was responsible for the Stockholm Bloodbath? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Finland break away from the Kalmar Union? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Denmark and Norway left in the Kalmar Union until what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year didn't the Stockholm Bloodbath take place? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the early 21st century, Republican voters control most of the state, especially in the more rural and suburban areas outside of the cities; Democratic strength is mostly confined to the urban cores of the four major cities, and is particularly strong in the cities of Nashville and Memphis. The latter area includes a large African-American population. Historically, Republicans had their greatest strength in East Tennessee before the 1960s. Tennessee's 1st and 2nd congressional districts, based in the Tri-Cities and Knoxville, respectively, are among the few historically Republican districts in the South. Those districts' residents supported the Union over the Confederacy during the Civil War; they identified with the GOP after the war and have stayed with that party ever since. The 1st has been in Republican hands continuously since 1881, and Republicans (or their antecedents) have held it for all but four years since 1859. The 2nd has been held continuously by Republicans or their antecedents since 1859. Question: Which two Tennessee cities are most supportive of the Democratic Party? Answer: Nashville and Memphis Question: Which Tennessee city has the largest African-American population? Answer: Memphis Question: Which two eastern Tennessee congressional districts have the longest track record of favoring Republican candidates? Answer: 1st and 2nd Question: Since which year has Tennessee's 1st congressional district voted overwhelmingly Republican? Answer: 1881 Question: Which two Tennessee metropolitan areas have been most supportive of the Republican Party? Answer: Tri-Cities and Knoxville
Context: The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Marshallese: Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ),[note 1] is an island country located near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically, the country is part of the larger island group of Micronesia. The country's population of 53,158 people (at the 2011 Census) is spread out over 29 coral atolls, comprising 1,156 individual islands and islets. The islands share maritime boundaries with the Federated States of Micronesia to the west, Wake Island to the north,[note 2] Kiribati to the south-east, and Nauru to the south. About 27,797 of the islanders (at the 2011 Census) live on Majuro, which contains the capital. Question: What is the name of the Marshall Islands in its native language? Answer: Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ Question: Near what major line of latitutde are the Marshall Islands located? Answer: the equator Question: As of 2011, how many people live in the Marshall Islands? Answer: 53,158 Question: What country borders the Marshall Islands on the western side? Answer: the Federated States of Micronesia Question: Which island is home to the capital of the Marshall Islands? Answer: Majuro Question: What is the official name of the Marshall Islands? Answer: Republic of the Marshall Islands Question: In what ocean are the Marshall Islands located? Answer: Pacific Ocean Question: How many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 2011? Answer: 53,158 Question: How many coral atolls comprise the Marshall Islands? Answer: 29 Question: On what island is the capital of the Marshall Islands? Answer: Majuro
Context: Probably the most influential single device on the interpretation of these characters was the Teletype Model 33 ASR, which was a printing terminal with an available paper tape reader/punch option. Paper tape was a very popular medium for long-term program storage until the 1980s, less costly and in some ways less fragile than magnetic tape. In particular, the Teletype Model 33 machine assignments for codes 17 (Control-Q, DC1, also known as XON), 19 (Control-S, DC3, also known as XOFF), and 127 (Delete) became de facto standards. The Model 33 was also notable for taking the description of Control-G (BEL, meaning audibly alert the operator) literally as the unit contained an actual bell which it rang when it received a BEL character. Because the keytop for the O key also showed a left-arrow symbol (from ASCII-1963, which had this character instead of underscore), a noncompliant use of code 15 (Control-O, Shift In) interpreted as "delete previous character" was also adopted by many early timesharing systems but eventually became neglected. Question: What was the most influential device that interpretated the characters? Answer: Teletype Model 33 ASR Question: What was the Teletype Model 33 ASR? Answer: a printing terminal with an available paper tape reader/punch option Question: When was paper tape popular? Answer: until the 1980s Question: Why was paper tape better than magnetic tape? Answer: less costly and in some ways less fragile Question: What code eventually became neglected? Answer: code 15 (Control-O, Shift In) Question: What was the most influential devide that became de facto standard? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What competed with the Teletype Model 33 ASR? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was paper trade classified as earned income? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why was paper tape better than timesharing systems? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What code eventually became popularized by ASCII-1963? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Most modern air defence systems are fairly mobile. Even the larger systems tend to be mounted on trailers and are designed to be fairly quickly broken down or set up. In the past, this was not always the case. Early missile systems were cumbersome and required much infrastructure; many could not be moved at all. With the diversification of air defence there has been much more emphasis on mobility. Most modern systems are usually either self-propelled (i.e. guns or missiles are mounted on a truck or tracked chassis) or easily towed. Even systems that consist of many components (transporter/erector/launchers, radars, command posts etc.) benefit from being mounted on a fleet of vehicles. In general, a fixed system can be identified, attacked and destroyed whereas a mobile system can show up in places where it is not expected. Soviet systems especially concentrate on mobility, after the lessons learnt in the Vietnam war between the USA and Vietnam. For more information on this part of the conflict, see SA-2 Guideline. Question: Contemporary air defence systems are usually what? Answer: mobile Question: What are larger weapon systems usually mounted on? Answer: trailers Question: Radars, command posts and other such things are usually mounted on what? Answer: a fleet of vehicles Question: A mobile weapons system is likely to pop up where? Answer: places where it is not expected Question: What systems are really geared toward mobility? Answer: Soviet
Context: On the other hand, certain financial techniques can reduce the impact of such purchases on the currency. One is sterilisation, in which highly valued assets are sold at the same time that the weaker assets are purchased, which keeps the money supply neutral. Another technique is simply to accept the bad assets as long-term collateral (as opposed to short-term repo swaps) to be held until their market value stabilises. This would imply, as a quid pro quo, adjustments in taxation and expenditure in the economies of the weaker states to improve the perceived value of the assets. Question: How does sterilisation help to keep the money flow even? Answer: highly valued assets are sold at the same time that the weaker assets are purchased Question: What can a state do with bad assets, rather than cashing them in directly? Answer: long-term collateral Question: How can weaker states improve the surface value of their assets? Answer: adjustments in taxation and expenditure in the economies Question: How does sterilisation help to keep the money flow uneven? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can a state do with good assets, rather than cashing them in directly? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How can weaker states destroy the surface value of their assets? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kinds of techniques can never reduce the impact of purchases on a currency? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: DNA replication is for the most part extremely accurate, however errors (mutations) do occur.:7.6 The error rate in eukaryotic cells can be as low as 10−8 per nucleotide per replication, whereas for some RNA viruses it can be as high as 10−3. This means that each generation, each human genome accumulates 1–2 new mutations. Small mutations can be caused by DNA replication and the aftermath of DNA damage and include point mutations in which a single base is altered and frameshift mutations in which a single base is inserted or deleted. Either of these mutations can change the gene by missense (change a codon to encode a different amino acid) or nonsense (a premature stop codon). Larger mutations can be caused by errors in recombination to cause chromosomal abnormalities including the duplication, deletion, rearrangement or inversion of large sections of a chromosome. Additionally, the DNA repair mechanisms that normally revert mutations can introduce errors when repairing the physical damage to the molecule is more important than restoring an exact copy, for example when repairing double-strand breaks.:5.4 Question: What is it called when errors occur in DNA replication? Answer: mutations Question: What is the lowest error rate that occurs in eukaryotic cells? Answer: 10−8 per nucleotide per replication Question: What is the highest error rate that can occur for some RNA viruses? Answer: 10−3 Question: What can small mutations be caused by? Answer: DNA replication Question: What can larger mutations be caused by? Answer: errors in recombination
Context: Metrobus Transit is responsible for public transit in the region. Metrobus has a total of 19 routes, 53 buses and an annual ridership of 3,014,073. Destinations include the Avalon Mall, The Village Shopping Centre, Memorial University, Academy Canada, the College of the North Atlantic, the Marine Institute, the Confederation Building, downtown, Stavanger Drive Business Park, Kelsey Drive, Goulds, Kilbride, Shea Heights, the four hospitals in the city as well as other important areas in St. John's and Mount Pearl. Question: How many routes does the Metrobus have? Answer: 19 Question: How many buses does the region have for public transit? Answer: 53 Question: How many hospitals does the city have? Answer: four Question: Who is responsible for public transit in the region? Answer: Metrobus Question: What transit has 53 routes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What transit has 19 buses? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who provides service to the cities only hospital? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Crossing the Italian-Austrian border, the Brenner Pass separates the Ötztal Alps and Zillertal Alps and has been in use as a trading route since the 14th century. The lowest of the Alpine passes at 985 m (3,232 ft), the Semmering crosses from Lower Austria to Styria; since the 12th century when a hospice was built there it has seen continuous use. A railroad with a tunnel 1 mile (1.6 km) long was built along the route of the pass in the mid-19th century. With a summit of 2,469 m (8,100 ft), the Great St. Bernard Pass is one of the highest in the Alps, crossing the Italian-Swiss border east of the Pennine Alps along the flanks of Mont Blanc. The pass was used by Napoleon Bonaparte to cross 40,000 troops in 1800. The Saint Gotthard Pass crosses from Central Switzerland to Ticino; in the late 19th century the 14 km (9 mi) long Saint Gotthard Tunnel was built connecting Lucerne in Switzerland, with Milan in Italy. The Mont Cenis pass has been a major commercial road between Western Europe and Italy. Now the pass has been supplanted by the Fréjus Road and Rail tunnel. At 2,756 m (9,042 ft), the Stelvio Pass in northern Italy is one of the highest of the Alpine passes; the road was built in the 1820s. The highest pass in the alps is the col de l'Iseran in Savoy (France) at 2,770 m (9,088 ft). Question: What seperates the Otztal Alps and Zillertal Alps? Answer: the Brenner Pass Question: How long has the Brenner Pass been used as a trading route? Answer: since the 14th century Question: The lowest of the Alpine passes at what elevation? Answer: 985 m (3,232 ft) Question: Who crossed the Great St. Bernard Pass with 40,000 troops? Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte Question: Where is the highest point in the alps located? Answer: col de l'Iseran in Savoy (France)
Context: High-altitude clouds on Neptune have been observed casting shadows on the opaque cloud deck below. There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude. These circumferential bands have widths of 50–150 km and lie about 50–110 km above the cloud deck. These altitudes are in the layer where weather occurs, the troposphere. Weather does not occur in the higher stratosphere or thermosphere. Unlike Uranus, Neptune's composition has a higher volume of ocean, whereas Uranus has a smaller mantle. Question: On Neptune, which clouds cast shadows on the cloud deck below it? Answer: High-altitude clouds Question: What are the widths of the cloud bands on Neptune? Answer: 50–150 km Question: Where are the high altitude bands of clouds on Neptune? Answer: 50–110 km above the cloud deck. Question: Where on Neptune does weather not occur? Answer: higher stratosphere or thermosphere Question: What does Neptune have more of compared to Uranus? Answer: volume of ocean Question: On Uranus, which clouds cast shadows on the cloud deck below it? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the lengths of the cloud bands on Neptune? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are the low altitude bands of clouds on Neptune? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where on Neptune does weather always occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Neptune have less of compared to Uranus? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Period of Division from, A.D., 1138 – A.D., 1314, which included nearly 200 years of feudal fragmentation and which stemmed from Bolesław III's division of Poland among his sons, was the genesis of the social structure which saw the economic elevation of the great landowning feudal nobles (możni/Magnates, both ecclesiastical and lay) from the rycerstwo they originated from. The prior social structure was one of Polish tribes united into the historic Polish nation under a state ruled by the Piast dynasty, this dynasty appearing circa 850 A.D. Question: WHen was the period of Division? Answer: A.D., 1138 – A.D., 1314 Question: What stemmed the period of division? Answer: Bolesław III's division of Poland among his sons Question: What tribe was the prior social structure from? Answer: Polish Question: WHen did the Piast dynasty appear? Answer: 850 A.D. Question: Polish nation ruled by what dynasty? Answer: Piast dynasty,
Context: The boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, St Helens and Sefton were included in Merseyside. In Greater Manchester the successor boroughs were Bury, Bolton, Manchester, Oldham (part), Rochdale, Salford, Tameside (part), Trafford (part) and Wigan. Warrington and Widnes, south of the new Merseyside/Greater Manchester border were added to the new non-metropolitan county of Cheshire. The urban districts of Barnoldswick and Earby, Bowland Rural District and the parishes of Bracewell and Brogden and Salterforth from Skipton Rural District in the West Riding of Yorkshire became part of the new Lancashire. One parish, Simonswood, was transferred from the borough of Knowsley in Merseyside to the district of West Lancashire in 1994. In 1998 Blackpool and Blackburn with Darwen became independent unitary authorities. Question: In what year did Blackpool and Blackburn become independent unitary authorities? Answer: 1998 Question: In what year was Simonswood transferred from Knowsley to West Lancashire Answer: 1994 Question: Which places were added to the new county of Cheshire? Answer: Warrington and Widnes Question: Where were the boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, St Helens and Sefton included? Answer: Merseyside Question: Which parish was transferred from Knowsley to the district of West Lancashire? Answer: Simonswood Question: Besides Greater Manchester, to what other county was a part of Oldham incorporated into? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Liverpool made a part of Merseyside? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Skipton Rural District made part of Lancashire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In addition to Greater Manchester, part of Tameside became a portion of what other county? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Sefton included as part of Merseyside? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: However loss resistance will generally affect the feedpoint impedance, adding to its resistive (real) component. That resistance will consist of the sum of the radiation resistance Rr and the loss resistance Rloss. If an rms current I is delivered to the terminals of an antenna, then a power of I2Rr will be radiated and a power of I2Rloss will be lost as heat. Therefore, the efficiency of an antenna is equal to Rr / (Rr + Rloss). Of course only the total resistance Rr + Rloss can be directly measured. Question: What can increase the feedpoint impedance of a component? Answer: loss resistance Question: The addition of Rr and Rloss equals what? Answer: resistance Question: What equation an determine an antennas effectiveness? Answer: Rr / (Rr + Rloss) Question: What is the single factor that can be precisely measured? Answer: total resistance
Context: The considerable spending did not lead to more growth and did not benefit the poor. Much of the increased spending has gone to current expenditures related to wages, transfers, and subsidies. The wage bill today constitutes over 15% of GDP and 55% of total public spending; these are some of the highest levels on the African continent. The recent rapid growth in SACU revenues has, however, reversed the fiscal situation, and a sizeable surplus was recorded since 2006. SACU revenues today account for over 60% of total government revenues. On the positive side, the external debt burden has declined markedly over the last 20 years, and domestic debt is almost negligible; external debt as a percent of GDP was less than 20% in 2006. Question: What amount of total public spending in Swaziland is going to wages? Answer: 55% Question: What amount of government revenue in Swaziland is from the SACU? Answer: 60% of total government revenues Question: What has happened to debt external onus in Swaziland in the past two decades? Answer: declined markedly Question: What percentage of the GDP was represented by outside debt in Swaziland in 2006? Answer: less than 20% Question: Who did the spending benefit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What led to considerable growth? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What makes up 15% of total public spending? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has a decline in SACU revenues done? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: By May 15, Premier Wen Jiabao ordered the deployment of an additional 90 helicopters, of which 60 were to be provided by the PLAAF, and 30 were to be provided by the civil aviation industry, bringing the total of number of aircraft deployed in relief operations by the air force, army, and civil aviation to over 150, resulting in the largest non-combat airlifting operation in People's Liberation Army history. Question: What did Premier Wen Jiabao order? Answer: the deployment of an additional 90 helicopters Question: How many helicopters were provided by the PLAAF? Answer: 60 Question: How many helicopter were to be provided by the civil aviation industry? Answer: 30 Question: How many aircraft were there in total? Answer: over 150 Question: What is the total number of aircraft used in the relief operation? Answer: over 150 Question: How many helicopters came from the PLAAF? Answer: 60 Question: Who provided the other 30 helicopters? Answer: civil aviation industry Question: What kind of operation did this massing of aircraft produce? Answer: non-combat airlifting
Context: Real estate is a major force in the city's economy, as the total value of all New York City property was assessed at US$914.8 billion for the 2015 fiscal year. The Time Warner Center is the property with the highest-listed market value in the city, at US$1.1 billion in 2006. New York City is home to some of the nation's—and the world's—most valuable real estate. 450 Park Avenue was sold on July 2, 2007 for US$510 million, about $1,589 per square foot ($17,104/m²), breaking the barely month-old record for an American office building of $1,476 per square foot ($15,887/m²) set in the June 2007 sale of 660 Madison Avenue. According to Forbes, in 2014, Manhattan was home to six of the top ten zip codes in the United States by median housing price. Question: What was the 2015 assessed value of all the property in New York? Answer: US$914.8 billion Question: How much was Time Warner Center worth in 2006? Answer: US$1.1 billion Question: What was the price per square foot of 450 Park Avenue when it sold in July 2007? Answer: $1,589 Question: What was the price per square meter of 660 Madison Avenue in June 2007? Answer: $15,887 Question: Of the top 10 zip codes with the most expensive housing prices in the United States, how many are in Manhattan? Answer: six Question: Which building has the highest market value in NYC? Answer: Time Warner Center Question: The previous record beaten by Park Avenue was for what real estate? Answer: 660 Madison Avenue
Context: The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century. Question: When did the modern usage of prime minister come into being? Answer: 18th century Question: Who was referenced as prime minister in a negative manner when the term was first used in its modern sense? Answer: Sir Robert Walpole Question: What came into use in the 1800's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the first person to be called Prime Minister? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What title is no longer honorific? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term was used negatively in the 1800's? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Imperial College Boat Club The Imperial College Boat Club was founded on 12 December 1919. The Gold medal winning GB 8+ at the 2000 Sydney Olympics had been based at Imperial College's recently refurbished boathouse and included 3 alumni of the college along with their coach Martin McElroy. The club has been highly successful, with many wins at Henley Royal Regatta including most recently in 2013 with victory in The Prince Albert Challenge Cup event. The club has been home to numerous National Squad oarsmen and women and is open to all rowers not just students of Imperial College London. Question: Which day was the Imperial College Boat Club formed on? Answer: 12 December 1919 Question: How many alumni from Imperial were a part of the Gold medal winning GB8+? Answer: 3 Question: What was the name of the coach of the Gold medal winning GB8+? Answer: Martin McElroy Question: Which event has the Boat Club been highly successful at? Answer: Henley Royal Regatta Question: Which event did the Boat Club claim victory in for 2013? Answer: The Prince Albert Challenge Cup event Question: When was the Imperial College Yacht club founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who coached the team at the Henley Royal Regatta? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where must clyub members attend school? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What event did the club loose in 2013? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What team consisted of 3 non alumni? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The modern Conservative Party was created out of the 'Pittite' Tories of the early 19th century. In the late 1820s disputes over political reform broke up this grouping. A government led by the Duke of Wellington collapsed amidst dire election results. Following this disaster Robert Peel set about assembling a new coalition of forces. Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto in 1834 which set out the basic principles of Conservatism; – the necessity in specific cases of reform in order to survive, but an opposition to unnecessary change, that could lead to "a perpetual vortex of agitation". Meanwhile, the Whigs, along with free trade Tory followers of Robert Peel, and independent Radicals, formed the Liberal Party under Lord Palmerston in 1859, and transformed into a party of the growing urban middle-class, under the long leadership of William Ewart Gladstone. Question: What was the modern Conservative party created from? Answer: the 'Pittite' Tories Question: Who Issued the Tamworth manifesto? Answer: Robert Peel Question: Which party did the Whigs, along with others form? Answer: the Liberal Party Question: In what year was the Tamworth manifesto introduced? Answer: 1834 Question: What was created by the modern Conservative Party in 1859 to define basic Conservative principles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What event broke up the Liberal Party? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did the government led by Willian Ewart Gladstone collapse? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the PIttite Tories do after the Duke's government collapsed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Lord Palmerston create the Pittite Tories? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (ratified in 1963; effective in 1964) prohibits any law providing for the penalty of death. Attempts to change the provision have failed. In 2004, a constitutional amendment proposed to allow capital punishment in some circumstances failed to make it on the November ballot after a resolution failed in the legislature and a public initiative failed to gather enough signatures. Question: In what year was Tony Chebatoris killed? Answer: 1938 Question: When was Michigan's fourth Constitution ratified? Answer: 1963 Question: In what city was Tony Chebatoris executed? Answer: Milan Question: In what year was there a failed Michigan constitutional amendment to allow the death penalty? Answer: 2004 Question: What article of the fourth Michigan Constitution forbids laws allowing capital punishment? Answer: 4 Question: What happened in 1935? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Michigan's fifth Constitution ratified? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what city was Tony Chebatoris born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was there a successful Michigan constitutional amendment to allow the death penalty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What article of the fourth Michigan Constitution forbids laws disallowing capital punishment? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine to remain in a defensive posture near the German border and repel any Prussian offensive. As Austria along with Bavaria, Württemberg and Baden were expected to join in a revenge war against Prussia, I Corps would invade the Bavarian Palatinate and proceed to "free" the South German states in concert with Austro-Hungarian forces. VI Corps would reinforce either army as needed. Question: Pre-war, who planned for a strong French offensive? Answer: Marshal Niel Question: From Thionville towards Trier, what was the final destination of the offensive? Answer: the Prussian Rhineland Question: Niel's plan was cast aside in favour of a plan by General Frossard and what other general?? Answer: Bartélemy Lebrun Question: The new plan called for which army to remain in a defensive grouping at the German border? Answer: Army of the Rhine
Context: Mastic asphalt is a type of asphalt which differs from dense graded asphalt (asphalt concrete) in that it has a higher asphalt/bitumen (binder) content, usually around 7–10% of the whole aggregate mix, as opposed to rolled asphalt concrete, which has only around 5% added asphalt/bitumen. This thermoplastic substance is widely used in the building industry for waterproofing flat roofs and tanking underground. Mastic asphalt is heated to a temperature of 210 °C (410 °F) and is spread in layers to form an impervious barrier about 20 millimeters (0.79 inches) thick. Question: What is the percentage of binder in mastic asphalt? Answer: 7–10% Question: How much additional binder does rolled asphalt concrete have? Answer: 5% Question: How is asphalt used in the construction industry? Answer: waterproofing Question: Prior to spreading, how hot is mastic asphalt heated? Answer: 210 °C Question: What is the usual thickness of the mastic spread on roofs? Answer: 20 millimeters Question: What percentage of concrete is in mastic asphalt? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a type of impervious barrier that differs from dense graded asphalt? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Mastic asphalt is the same as dense graded asphalt because why? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Rolled asphalt concrete has contains around 7% what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is widely used in buildings for making asphalt waterproof? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: From the fifth-generation iPod on, Apple introduced a user-configurable volume limit in response to concerns about hearing loss. Users report that in the sixth-generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is limited to 100 dB in EU markets. Apple previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding this legal limit. However, users that have bought a new sixth-generation iPod in late 2013 have reported a new option that allowed them to disable the EU volume limit. It has been said that these new iPods came with an updated software that allowed this change. Older sixth-generation iPods, however, are unable to update to this software version. Question: What type of sensory issue was a concern prior to the release of 5th gen iPods? Answer: hearing loss Question: In what markets did 6th gen iPods limit the highest volume of the player? Answer: EU Question: What was the limit imposed on how loud the iPod could play sounds in the EU? Answer: 100 dB Question: In what country did Apple have to recall iPods? Answer: France Question: What is the highest volume output level of European 6th-generation iPods? Answer: 100 dB Question: What country originally pulled iPods due to higher-than-allowed volume levels? Answer: France
Context: This growing coalition expanded the potential enemies that Rome might face, and moved Rome closer to confrontation with major powers. The result was more alliance-seeking, on the part of both the Roman confederacy and city-states seeking membership (and protection) within that confederacy. While there were exceptions to this (such as military rule of Sicily after the First Punic War), it was not until after the Second Punic War that these alliances started to harden into something more like an empire, at least in certain locations. This shift mainly took place in parts of the west, such as the southern Italian towns that sided with Hannibal. Question: After what war did the alliances start to solidify? Answer: Second Punic War Question: What helped Rome move closer to a confrontation with several other major powers in the area? Answer: This growing coalition Question: What towns had chosen Hannibal's side? Answer: southern Italian Question: What did city-states hope to gain from the Roman confederacy? Answer: membership (and protection)
Context: Greece has one of the longest histories of any country, and is considered the cradle of Western civilization, and as such, is the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, the Olympic Games, Western literature, historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, and Western drama, including both tragedy and comedy. Greece was first unified under Philip of Macedon in the fourth century BC. His son Alexander the Great rapidly conquered much of the ancient world, spreading Greek culture and science from the eastern Mediterranean to the Indus River. Annexed by Rome in the second century BC, Greece became an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire. The first century AD saw the establishment of the Greek Orthodox Church, which shaped the modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider Orthodox World. Falling under Ottoman dominion in the mid-15th century, the modern nation state of Greece emerged in 1830 following the war of independence. Greece's rich historical legacy is reflected in large part by its 17 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, among the most in Europe and the world. Question: Who was the first person to bring all of Greece together? Answer: Philip of Macedon Question: Who was the son of Philip of Macedon? Answer: Alexander the Great Question: Greece came part of what empire in the 2nd century BC? Answer: Rome Question: When was the Greek Orthodox Church started? Answer: first century AD Question: What year is considered the beginning of modern Greece? Answer: 1830
Context: The Reconquista of Portugal and Spain led to a series of oceanic explorations resulting in the Age of Discovery that established direct links with Africa, the Americas, and Asia, while religious wars continued to be fought in Europe, which ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia. The Spanish crown maintained its hegemony in Europe and was the leading power on the continent until the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees, which ended a conflict between Spain and France that had begun during the Thirty Years' War. An unprecedented series of major wars and political revolutions took place around Europe and indeed the world in the period between 1610 and 1700. Observers at the time, and many historians since, have argued that wars caused the revolutions. Galileo Galilei, invented the telescope and the thermometer which allowed him to observe and describe the solar system. Leonardo da Vinci painted the most famous work in the world. Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio. Question: Which countries initiated the Age of Exploration following the Reconquista? Answer: Portugal and Spain Question: When did religious conflict end in Europe? Answer: 1648 Question: Between which two nations was the Treaty of the Pyrenees signed? Answer: Spain and France Question: Which scientist developed a means of viewing space? Answer: Galileo Galilei Question: Who was responsible for creating the first radio? Answer: Guglielmo Marconi Question: Which countries initiated the Peace of Westphalia following the Reconquista? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did revolutions end in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Between which two nations was the Thirty Years's War signed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which scientist developed a means of ending wars? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was responsible for creating the most famous continent? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Early court cases focused on the liability of Internet service providers (ISPs) for hosting, transmitting or publishing user-supplied content that could be actioned under civil or criminal law, such as libel, defamation, or pornography. As different content was considered in different legal systems, and in the absence of common definitions for "ISPs," "bulletin boards" or "online publishers," early law on online intermediaries' liability varied widely from country to country. The first laws on online intermediaries' liability were passed from the mid-1990s onwards.[citation needed] Question: Who did early court cases focus on? Answer: Internet service providers Question: What could be sued for under civil or criminal law? Answer: libel, defamation, or pornography Question: What was the result of early law on online liability? Answer: varied widely from country to country Question: When were the first laws of liability passed? Answer: mid-1990s Question: Who didn't early court cases focus on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did late court cases focus on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What couldn't be sued for under civil or criminal law? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the result of early law on offline liability? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the last laws of liability passed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa. Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001. Rodeos are popular throughout the state, and Guymon, in the state's panhandle, hosts one of the largest in the nation. Question: What kind of tournaments does Cedar Ridge Country Club host? Answer: LPGA Question: Where is Southern Hills Country Club? Answer: Tulsa Question: Where is Oak Tree Country Club? Answer: Oklahoma City Question: Where is Cedar Ridge Country Club? Answer: Tulsa Question: How many PGA championships has Southern Hills held? Answer: four
Context: In addition to the change in the mean length of the calendar year from 365.25 days (365 days 6 hours) to 365.2425 days (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds), a reduction of 10 minutes 48 seconds per year, the Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference between these lengths. The canonical Easter tables were devised at the end of the third century, when the vernal equinox fell either on 20 March or 21 March depending on the year's position in the leap year cycle. As the rule was that the full moon preceding Easter was not to precede the equinox the equinox was fixed at 21 March for computational purposes and the earliest date for Easter was fixed at 22 March. The Gregorian calendar reproduced these conditions by removing ten days. Question: What is the difference in time between the calendars? Answer: 10 minutes 48 seconds Question: With what other difference did the Gregorian calendar concern itself? Answer: accumulated difference Question: When was the vernal equinox at the end of the third century? Answer: 20 March or 21 March Question: In order to account for the full moon coming after the equinox, when was the equinox set? Answer: 22 March Question: How did the Gregorian calendar set these same of the full moon not preceding Easterconditions? Answer: removing ten days Question: What changed the length of the calendar year from 365.2425 days to 365.25 days? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was reduced by forty-eight minutes and ten seconds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was devised during the 300s Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was not to follow the equinox? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was March 22 the latest date for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Zürich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional club league. For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium. Question: What is the nickname for the Swiss national football team? Answer: Nati Question: What does FIFA stand for? Answer: International Federation of Association Football Question: Where is Europe's highest football pitch located? Answer: Switzerland Question: Where is the FIFA located? Answer: Zürich Question: Which FIFA world cup did Switzerland host? Answer: 1954
Context: Darwin's aims were twofold: to show that species had not been separately created, and to show that natural selection had been the chief agent of change. He knew that his readers were already familiar with the concept of transmutation of species from Vestiges, and his introduction ridicules that work as failing to provide a viable mechanism. Therefore, the first four chapters lay out his case that selection in nature, caused by the struggle for existence, is analogous to the selection of variations under domestication, and that the accumulation of adaptive variations provides a scientifically testable mechanism for evolutionary speciation. Question: What were Darwin's two important aims about evolution? Answer: to show that species had not been separately created, and to show that natural selection had been the chief agent of change Question: What did heknow his readers were already familiar with from Vestiges? Answer: the concept of transmutation of species Question: How did Darwin view Vestiges in the introduction to On the Origin of Species? Answer: his introduction ridicules that work as failing to provide a viable mechanism. Question: What is Darwin's belief about the accumulation of adaptive variations? Answer: the accumulation of adaptive variations provides a scientifically testable mechanism for evolutionary speciation.
Context: A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe". Such principles made it much harder to integrate the air force into the overall strategy and produced in Göring a jealous and damaging defence of his "empire" while removing Hitler voluntarily from the systematic direction of the Luftwaffe at either the strategic or operational level. When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over. In 1940 and 1941, Göring's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications, which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire. Question: Who did Hitler have a conflict over running the air force? Answer: Hermann Göring Question: What strategy could have worked against the British Empire? Answer: strangle British sea communications Question: Who did Goring refuse to work with in 1940 and 1941? Answer: the Kriegsmarine Question: What did the Kriegsmarine try to gain control over? Answer: aircraft
Context: Cooperative breeding in birds typically occurs when offspring, usually males, delay dispersal from their natal group in order to remain with the family to help rear younger kin. Female offspring rarely stay at home, dispersing over distances that allow them to breed independently, or to join unrelated groups. In general, inbreeding is avoided because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness (inbreeding depression) due largely to the homozygous expression of deleterious recessive alleles. Cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals ordinarily leads to the masking of deleterious recessive alleles in progeny. Question: What occurs when offspring delay dispersal from their natal group? Answer: Cooperative breeding Question: What leads to the masking of deleterious recesive alleles in progeny? Answer: Cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals Question: Why is inbreeding avoided? Answer: because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness
Context: Karl Popper's rejection of Marxism during his teenage years left a profound mark on his thought. He had at one point joined a socialist association, and for a few months in 1919 considered himself a communist. During this time he became familiar with the Marxist view of economics, class-war, and history. Although he quickly became disillusioned with the views expounded by Marxism, his flirtation with the ideology led him to distance himself from those who believed that spilling blood for the sake of a revolution was necessary. He came to realise that when it came to sacrificing human lives, one was to think and act with extreme prudence. Question: What political philosophy that attracted Popper as a teenager had a profound influence on his thinking going forward? Answer: Marxism Question: For a time during which year did Popper consider himself a communist? Answer: 1919 Question: At which stage of life was Popper most strongly influenced by Marxist thinking? Answer: teenage years Question: How did Popper feel about Marxism after only a short time associating with other Marxists? Answer: disillusioned Question: How did Popper's rejection of Marxism in his adult years effect him? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Popper consider himself a fascist for a few months? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ideology did Popper never become disillusioned with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Popper align himself closely with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Popper think it was unnecessary to act with prudence? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1994, over a hundred intrusions were made by unidentified crackers into the Rome Laboratory, the US Air Force's main command and research facility. Using trojan horses, hackers were able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems and remove traces of their activities. The intruders were able to obtain classified files, such as air tasking order systems data and furthermore able to penetrate connected networks of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, some Defense contractors, and other private sector organizations, by posing as a trusted Rome center user. Question: In what year did over a hundred intrusions made into the Rome Laboraroty? Answer: 1994 Question: How were hackers able to obtain unrestricted access to Rome's networking systems? Answer: Using trojan horses Question: How were hackers able to penetrate connected networks? Answer: by posing as a trusted Rome center user Question: What is the Rome Laboratory? Answer: the US Air Force's main command and research facility Question: Who does the Goddard Space Flight Center belong to? Answer: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Question: What did the hackers obtain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why were the hackers untraceable? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Posing as a trusted Rome Center user what did hackers use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Intrusion hackers were thought to be who? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How were hackers able to go undetected? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were the crackers identified as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Rome Laboratory created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the intruders unable to access? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the 1994 breach of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center also give the crackers access to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of intrusion did the crackers use to gain access to Rome Laboratory? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Republic in Paris on 4 September and continued the war and for another five months, the German forces fought and defeated new French armies in northern France. Following the Siege of Paris, the capital fell on 28 January 1871 and then a revolutionary uprising called the Paris Commune seized power in the capital and held it for two months, until it was bloodily suppressed by the regular French army at the end of May 1871. Question: A series of Prussian and German victories took place in what part of France? Answer: eastern France Question: What seige did these victories lead to? Answer: Siege of Metz Question: What battle was a result of the Prussian and German victories in eastern France? Answer: Battle of Sedan Question: Which army definitively defeated Napolean III? Answer: the army of the Second Empire Question: On what date did the Government of National Defence declare the the Third Republic in Paris? Answer: 4 September
Context: Albert Einstein lived in a flat at the Kramgasse 49, the site of the Einsteinhaus, from 1903 to 1905, the year in which the Annus Mirabilis Papers were published. Question: Where is Albert Einstein live? Answer: the Kramgasse 49 Question: What was published the same years? Answer: Annus Mirabilis Papers Question: What is the flat that Einstein called? Answer: Einsteinhaus
Context: Soviet generals with extensive combat experience from the Second World War were sent to North Korea as the Soviet Advisory Group. These generals completed the plans for the attack by May. The original plans called for a skirmish to be initiated in the Ongjin Peninsula on the west coast of Korea. The North Koreans would then launch a "counterattack" that would capture Seoul and encircle and destroy the South Korean army. The final stage would involve destroying South Korean government remnants, capturing the rest of South Korea, including the ports. Question: Who did the Soviets send to North Korea? Answer: Soviet generals Question: Where did the conflict in South Korea begin? Answer: Ongjin Peninsula Question: What were the generals sent to North Korea collectively called? Answer: the Soviet Advisory Group Question: When did the generals finalize their attack strategy? Answer: May
Context: On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR. Question: On what date was the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR suspended? Answer: August 23 Question: Who signed the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR? Answer: Yeltsin Question: On what date was the Communist Parties of the USSR banned from operating in the RSFSR? Answer: November 6 Question: Aside from Yeltsin, what notable figure was present at the signing of the August 23 decree? Answer: Gorbachev Question: On what date was the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR upheld? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who didn't sign the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who signed the decree upholding the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date was the Socialist Parties of the USSR banned from operating in the RSFSR? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Aside from Yeltsin, what notable figure was present at the signing of the August 3 decree? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Pius XII delivered an address about Montini's appointment from his sick-bed over radio to those assembled in St. Peter's Basilica on 12 December 1954. Both Montini and the pope had tears in their eyes when Montini parted for his dioceses with 1,000 churches, 2,500 priests and 3,500,000 souls. On 5 January 1955, Montini formally took possession of his Cathedral of Milan. Montini, after a period of preparation, liked his new tasks as archbishop, connecting to all groups of faithful in Milan. He enjoyed meetings with intellectuals, artists and writers. Question: In what year did Pius XII deliver a radio address announcing Montini's papal appointment? Answer: 1954 Question: In what year did Montini become the archbishop of the Cathedral of Milan? Answer: 1955 Question: On what date did Montini become the archbishop of Milan? Answer: 5 January Question: To what Italian city was Montini appointed archbishop? Answer: Milan Question: Where was Pius XII when he announced Montini's appointment as archbishop? Answer: his sick-bed
Context: In Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), the court determined that a Pennsylvania state policy of reimbursing the salaries and related costs of teachers of secular subjects in private religious schools violated the Establishment Clause. The court's decision argued that the separation of church and state could never be absolute: "Our prior holdings do not call for total separation between church and state; total separation is not possible in an absolute sense. Some relationship between government and religious organizations is inevitable," the court wrote. "Judicial caveats against entanglement must recognize that the line of separation, far from being a "wall," is a blurred, indistinct, and variable barrier depending on all the circumstances of a particular relationship." Question: When was the case of Lemon v. Kurtzman? Answer: 1971 Question: What state's policy was in question in Lemon v. Kurtzman? Answer: Pennsylvania Question: Whose salaries were being reimbursed in private religious schools? Answer: teachers of secular subjects Question: What did the state's policy violate? Answer: the Establishment Clause Question: What did the court's decision argue that the separation of church and state could never be? Answer: absolute Question: When was the case of Lime v. Kurtzman? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What state's policy was in question in Lime v. Kurtzman? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose salaries were being reimbursed in public religious schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the state's policy not violate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the court's decision argue that the separation of church and state could always be? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tanzania: Dar es Salaam was the torch's only stop in Africa, on April 13. The relay began at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway, which was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s, and continued for 5 km through the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke, which was built with Chinese aid in 2005. The torch was lit by Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein. About a thousand people followed the relay, waving the Olympic flag. The only noted instance of protest was Nobel Peace Prize laureate Wangari Maathai's withdrawal from the list of torchbearers, in protest against human rights abuses in Tibet. Question: Where was the only African destination for the torch? Answer: Dar es Salaam Question: When did the torch arrive in Dar es Salaam? Answer: April 13 Question: Where did the route start for the torch in Dar es Salaam? Answer: the TAZARA Railway Question: Where was the solitary place the relay was held in Africa? Answer: Dar es Salaam Question: What is the name of the railway where the Olympic torch relay began in Africa? Answer: TAZARA Question: Where did the relay terminate in Africa? Answer: Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium Question: What country paid for the stadium through aid money? Answer: China Question: Who it the torch in Africa? Answer: Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein.
Context: The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodity and delight. An equivalent in modern English would be: Question: What is the oldest architecture plans that has survived? Answer: De architectura Question: Who created the oldest surviving architecture plans? Answer: Roman architect Vitruvius Question: When did Vitruvius create these plans? Answer: 1st century AD. Question: What are the three principles every plan should consider? Answer: firmness, commodity and delight. Question: What is the first known extant writing about architecture called? Answer: De architectura Question: Who was the author of De architectura? Answer: Vitruvius Question: What was Vitruvius' profession? Answer: architect Question: What were Vitruvius' three principles for a well made building? Answer: firmitas, utilitas, venustas Question: What is the commonly seen English translation of the three principles? Answer: firmness, commodity and delight Question: What is the youngest architecture plans that has survived? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who created the most recent surviving architecture plans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was written in the 2nd century AD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Vitruvius' fourth principles for a well made building? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the commonly seen French translation of the three principles? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War. As the American Revolution approached, General David Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the government in Britain could be resolved short of rebellion. On 23 April 1775, which is still celebrated in New Haven as Powder House Day, the Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven entered the struggle against the governing British parliament. Under Captain Benedict Arnold, they broke into the powder house to arm themselves and began a three-day march to Cambridge, Massachusetts. Other New Haven militia members were on hand to escort George Washington from his overnight stay in New Haven on his way to Cambridge. Contemporary reports, from both sides, remark on the New Haven volunteers' professional military bearing, including uniforms. Question: Who was the influential New Haven general that hoped to avoid conflict with the British Parliament as the American Revolution loomed closer? Answer: General David Wooster Question: What date is still commemorated by Powder House Day in New Haven? Answer: 23 April 1775 Question: What was the name of the Second Company in New Haven that was the first to enter the inaugural struggle with the British? Answer: Governor's Foot Guard Question: Under whose leadership did the Governor's Foot Guard break into the powder house to arm themselves? Answer: Captain Benedict Arnold Question: Toward what area did the New Haven militia march for three days following the powder house incident? Answer: Cambridge, Massachusetts Question: Power House Day is celebrated on what day in New Haven? Answer: 23 April Question: What is the name of infamous historical person who played an important role on Power House Day? Answer: Benedict Arnold Question: Where was George Washington planning to go after staying in New Haven? Answer: Cambridge Question: What is the name of the New Haven Militia that fought on during Powder House Day? Answer: Governor's Foot Guard Question: Although the militia were mainly made of volunteers what item distinguish them from other militia companies? Answer: uniforms.
Context: In March 2013, the Blackstone Group and Carl Icahn expressed interest in purchasing Dell. In April 2013, Blackstone withdrew their offer, citing deteriorating business. Other private equity firms such as KKR & Co. and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell, citing the uncertain market for personal computers and competitive pressures, so the "wide-open bidding war" never materialized. Analysts said that the biggest challenge facing Silver Lake would be to find an “exit strategy” to profit from its investment, which would be when the company would hold an IPO to go public again, and one warned “But even if you can get a $25bn enterprise value for Dell, it will take years to get out.” Question: What year did the Blackstone Group express interest in acquiring Dell? Answer: 2013 Question: What was the first private equity firm to decide not to submit a bid for Dell? Answer: KKR & Co Question: What company did analysts feel would need to find an exit strategy to profit from acquiring Dell? Answer: Silver Lake Question: How much was the potential enterprise value of Dell? Answer: $25bn Question: What year did the Blackstone Group express interest in selling Dell? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the Blackstone Group express interest in acquiring IBM? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the first public equity firm to decide not to submit a bid for Dell? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company did analysts feel would need to find an exit strategy to profit from selling Dell? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much wasn't the potential enterprise value of Dell? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After the Allied setbacks in 1943, the South East Asia command prepared to launch offensives into Burma on several fronts. In the first months of 1944, the Chinese and American troops of the Northern Combat Area Command (NCAC), commanded by the American Joseph Stilwell, began extending the Ledo Road from India into northern Burma, while the XV Corps began an advance along the coast in the Arakan Province. In February 1944 the Japanese mounted a local counter-attack in the Arakan. After early Japanese success, this counter-attack was defeated when the Indian divisions of XV Corps stood firm, relying on aircraft to drop supplies to isolated forward units until reserve divisions could relieve them. Question: What command prepared offensives into Burma after the Allied setbacks in 1943? Answer: South East Asia command Question: Who led Chinese and American troops for NCAC? Answer: Joseph Stilwell Question: What road did the NCAC extend into northern Burma? Answer: Ledo Road Question: Who advanced aling the Arakan Province coast? Answer: XV Corps Question: Who did aircraft drop supplies to isolated units until they could be relieved? Answer: XV Corps
Context: President Truman, symbolizing a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for president, again in 1951 pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat. It was at this time that Eisenhower voiced his disagreements with the Democratic party and declared himself and his family to be Republicans. A "Draft Eisenhower" movement in the Republican Party persuaded him to declare his candidacy in the 1952 presidential election to counter the candidacy of non-interventionist Senator Robert A. Taft. The effort was a long struggle; Eisenhower had to be convinced that political circumstances had created a genuine duty for him to offer himself as a candidate, and that there was a mandate from the populace for him to be their President. Henry Cabot Lodge, who served as his campaign manager, and others succeeded in convincing him, and in June 1952 he resigned his command at NATO to campaign full-time. Eisenhower defeated Taft for the nomination, having won critical delegate votes from Texas. Eisenhower's campaign was noted for the simple but effective slogan, "I Like Ike". It was essential to his success that Eisenhower express opposition to Roosevelt's policy at Yalta and against Truman's policies in Korea and China—matters in which he had once participated. In defeating Taft for the nomination, it became necessary for Eisenhower to appease the right wing Old Guard of the Republican Party; his selection of Richard M. Nixon as the Vice-President on the ticket was designed in part for that purpose. Nixon also provided a strong anti-communist presence as well as some youth to counter Ike's more advanced age. Question: Who was President of the United States prior to Eisenhower? Answer: Truman Question: Truman wanted Eisenhower to run for the presidency as a member of what party? Answer: Democratic Question: Who did the Republicans want to block with an Eisenhower candidacy in 1952? Answer: Robert A. Taft Question: What was Taft's political office? Answer: Senator Question: Who was Eisenhower's campaign manager in 1952? Answer: Henry Cabot Lodge
Context: Nearly 47% of Tajikistan's GDP comes from immigrant remittances (mostly from Tajiks working in Russia). The current economic situation remains fragile, largely owing to corruption, uneven economic reforms, and economic mismanagement. With foreign revenue precariously dependent upon remittances from migrant workers overseas and exports of aluminium and cotton, the economy is highly vulnerable to external shocks. In FY 2000, international assistance remained an essential source of support for rehabilitation programs that reintegrated former civil war combatants into the civilian economy, which helped keep the peace. International assistance also was necessary to address the second year of severe drought that resulted in a continued shortfall of food production. On August 21, 2001, the Red Cross announced that a famine was striking Tajikistan, and called for international aid for Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, however access to food remains a problem today. In January 2012, 680,152 of the people living in Tajikistan were living with food insecurity. Out of those, 676,852 were at risk of Phase 3 (Acute Food and Livelihoods Crisis) food insecurity and 3,300 were at risk of Phase 4 (Humanitarian Emergency). Those with the highest risk of food insecurity were living in the remote Murghob District of GBAO. Question: Nearly 87% of Tajikistan's GDP comes from what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What situation remains robust? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not vulnerable to external shocks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Red Cross announced a famine in Turkey on what day? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In January 2002, how many people in Tajikistan were living with food insecurity? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In July 2010, Governor Chris Christie announced that a state takeover of the city and local government "was imminent". Comparing regulations in Atlantic City to an "antique car", Atlantic City regulatory reform is a key piece of Gov. Chris Christie's plan, unveiled on July 22, to reinvigorate an industry mired in a four-year slump in revenue and hammered by fresh competition from casinos in the surrounding states of Delaware, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and more recently, Maryland. In January 2011, Chris Christie announced the Atlantic City Tourism District, a state-run district encompassing the boardwalk casinos, the marina casinos, the Atlantic City Outlets, and Bader Field. Fairleigh Dickinson University's PublicMind poll surveyed New Jersey voters' attitudes on the takeover. The February 16, 2011 survey showed that 43% opposed the measure while 29% favored direct state oversight. Interestingly, the poll also found that even South Jersey voters expressed opposition to the plan; 40% reported they opposed the measure and 37% reported they were in favor of it. Question: In 2010, who stated that a state takeover of the city and local government of Atlantic City was imminent? Answer: Governor Chris Christie Question: What item were the regulations in Atlantic City compared to? Answer: antique car Question: What was the name of the district that would encompass the boardwalk casinos, the marina casinos, the Atlantic City Outlets, and Bader Field? Answer: Atlantic City Tourism District Question: According to a poll, what percentage of New Jersey voters opposed the takeover of Atlantic City by the state? Answer: 43% Question: According to a poll, what percentage of New Jersey voters favored the takeover of Atlantic City by the state? Answer: 29%
Context: People can be exposed to asphalt in the workplace by breathing in fumes or skin absorption. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a Recommended exposure limit (REL) of 5 mg/m3 over a 15-minute period. Asphalt is basically an inert material that must be heated or diluted to a point where it becomes workable for the production of materials for paving, roofing, and other applications. In examining the potential health hazards associated with asphalt, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) determined that it is the application parameters, predominantly temperature, that effect occupational exposure and the potential bioavailable carcinogenic hazard/risk of the asphalt emissions. In particular, temperatures greater than 199 °C (390 °F), were shown to produce a greater exposure risk than when asphalt was heated to lower temperatures, such as those typically used in asphalt pavement mix production and placement. Question: By what means can humans be exposed to bitumen? Answer: fumes or skin Question: What is the nationally set limit for exposure of asphalt in a 15 minute period? Answer: 5 mg/m3 Question: How must asphalt be treated to be workable? Answer: heated or diluted Question: At what temperatures is heated asphalt seen to be a greater health risk? Answer: greater than 199 °C Question: What feature in the treatment of asphalt in the workplace causes the most potential danger? Answer: temperature Question: How can people be exposed to low temperatures while at work? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Temperatures higher than 300 degrees Celsius where shown to do what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the REL set by the National Institute for Research on Cancer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the acronym for the International Agency for Research on Carcinogenic hazards? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The RIBA has three parts to the education process: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters. A further year out must be taken before the RIBA Part III professional exams can be taken. Overall it takes a minimum of seven years before an architecture student can seek chartered status. Question: What is the first step in the Royal Institute's guidelines for education? Answer: three-year first degree Question: What is required by the second stage in the education provisions set out by RIBA? Answer: a two-year post graduate diploma or masters Question: What does the third part of the Royal Institute's educational process contain? Answer: professional exams Question: How long does it take, at the least, for a student to be eligible for the title of Chartered? Answer: seven years Question: What occurs between the second and third parts of the education process prescribed by the Royal Institute? Answer: A further year out Question: What is the first step not used in the Royal Institute's guidelines for education? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not required by the second stage in the education provisions set out by RIBA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the third part of the Royal Institute's educational process omit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long does it take, at most, for a student to be eligible for the title of Chartered? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In World War II, the United States, during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, invaded and occupied the islands in 1944, destroying or isolating the Japanese garrisons. In just one month in 1944, Americans captured Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak, and, in the next two months, the rest of the Marshall Islands, except for Wotje, Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit. Question: During what conflict did the US occupy the Marshall Islands? Answer: World War II Question: What was the name of the campaign in which the US occupied the Marshalls? Answer: the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign Question: In what year did the United States occupy the Marshalls? Answer: 1944 Question: How many months did it take for the US to occupy Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak? Answer: one Question: Along with Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit, what parts of the Marshall Islands were not occupied in the first three months of the American campaign? Answer: Wotje
Context: The first recorded nutritional experiment with human subjects is found in the Bible's Book of Daniel. Daniel and his friends were captured by the king of Babylon during an invasion of Israel. Selected as court servants, they were to share in the king's fine foods and wine. But they objected, preferring vegetables (pulses) and water in accordance with their Jewish dietary restrictions. The king's chief steward reluctantly agreed to a trial. Daniel and his friends received their diet for 10 days and were then compared to the king's men. Appearing healthier, they were allowed to continue with their diet. Question: What does the Book of Daniel contain? Answer: first recorded nutritional experiment with human subjects Question: Which country was being invaded when Daniel and his friends were captured? Answer: Israel Question: What occupation were Daniel and his friends originally meant to have? Answer: court servants Question: How long did the trial diet last? Answer: 10 days Question: What is another term for vegetables that was used? Answer: pulses
Context: The Red Rose of Lancaster is the county flower found on the county's heraldic badge and flag. The rose was a symbol of the House of Lancaster, immortalised in the verse "In the battle for England's head/York was white, Lancaster red" (referring to the 15th-century Wars of the Roses). The traditional Lancashire flag, a red rose on a white field, was not officially registered. When an attempt was made to register it with the Flag Institute it was found that it was officially registered by Montrose in Scotland, several hundred years earlier with the Lyon Office. Lancashire's official flag is registered as a red rose on a gold field. Question: What is the county flower of Lancaster? Answer: The Red Rose of Lancaster Question: Where can the red rose of lancaster be found? Answer: on the county's heraldic badge and flag Question: What is on the traditional Lancashire flag? Answer: a red rose on a white field Question: What is on the official Lancashire flag? Answer: red rose on a gold field Question: Whos flag officially is a red rose on a white field? Answer: Montrose in Scotland Question: In what century was the traditional Lancashire Flag established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what century was the Flag Institute founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what century did Montrose register the Lancaster Flag? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Montrose's heraldic flag? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Scientific and critical editions can be protected by copyright as works of authorship if enough creativity/originality is provided. The mere addition of a word, or substitution of a term with another one believed to be more correct, usually does not achieve such level of originality/creativity. All the notes accounting for the analysis and why and how such changes have been made represent a different work autonomously copyrightable if the other requirements are satisfied. In the European Union critical and scientific editions may be protected also by the relevant neighboring right that protects critical and scientific publications of public domain works as made possible by art. 5 of the Copyright Term Directive. Not all EU member States have transposed art. 5 into national law. Question: What is the criteria for copyright? Answer: if enough creativity/originality is provided Question: What minor things can be included and not invalidate a copyright? Answer: The mere addition of a word, or substitution of a term with another one believed to be more correct Question: Are footnotes included in the copyright of the original work? Answer: All the notes accounting for the analysis and why and how such changes have been made represent a different work autonomously copyrightable Question: What rights do scientific publications in the EU enjoy? Answer: the relevant neighboring right that protects critical and scientific publications of public domain works Question: What does not matter in order to be copyrighted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What minor things can be included and validate a copyright? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Non-scientific editions can be protected by what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are not protected by copyright? Answer: Unanswerable Question: All EU member states have transposed what into law? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent. Question: Where does wood come from? Answer: trees Question: What forms in a tree to increase its diameter? Answer: woody layers Question: What is the process of trees growing out to get bigger around called? Answer: secondary growth Question: What do many places have four of that would cause growth rings in a tree? Answer: seasons Question: If a place has annual seasons, what are the growth rings on the trees there called? Answer: annual rings
Context: By far the largest military action in which the United States engaged during this era was the War of 1812. With Britain locked in a major war with Napoleon's France, its policy was to block American shipments to France. The United States sought to remain neutral while pursuing overseas trade. Britain cut the trade and impressed seamen on American ships into the Royal Navy, despite intense protests. Britain supported an Indian insurrection in the American Midwest, with the goal of creating an Indian state there that would block American expansion. The United States finally declared war on the United Kingdom in 1812, the first time the U.S. had officially declared war. Not hopeful of defeating the Royal Navy, the U.S. attacked the British Empire by invading British Canada, hoping to use captured territory as a bargaining chip. The invasion of Canada was a debacle, though concurrent wars with Native Americans on the western front (Tecumseh's War and the Creek War) were more successful. After defeating Napoleon in 1814, Britain sent large veteran armies to invade New York, raid Washington and capture the key control of the Mississippi River at New Orleans. The New York invasion was a fiasco after the much larger British army retreated to Canada. The raiders succeeded in the burning of Washington on 25 August 1814, but were repulsed in their Chesapeake Bay Campaign at the Battle of Baltimore and the British commander killed. The major invasion in Louisiana was stopped by a one-sided military battle that killed the top three British generals and thousands of soldiers. The winners were the commanding general of the Battle of New Orleans, Major General Andrew Jackson, who became president and the Americans who basked in a victory over a much more powerful nation. The peace treaty proved successful, and the U.S. and Britain never again went to war. The losers were the Indians, who never gained the independent territory in the Midwest promised by Britain. Question: What was the biggest war the US got involved with in the early 19th century? Answer: the War of 1812 Question: What conflict caused Britain to blockade trade? Answer: a major war with Napoleon's France Question: What uprising did Britain support in North America? Answer: Indian insurrection Question: What country was the first the US ever declared war upon? Answer: the United Kingdom Question: What was the initial US strategy in the War of 1812? Answer: invading British Canada, hoping to use captured territory as a bargaining chip Question: What was the smallest war the US got involved with in the early 19th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What conflict caused France to blockade trade? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What uprising did France support in North America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country was the first the UK ever declared war upon? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the initial Canadian strategy in the War of 1812? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: This multilevel construct is consistent with Dasmann and Lovejoy. An explicit definition consistent with this interpretation was first given in a paper by Bruce A. Wilcox commissioned by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) for the 1982 World National Parks Conference. Wilcox's definition was "Biological diversity is the variety of life forms...at all levels of biological systems (i.e., molecular, organismic, population, species and ecosystem)...". The 1992 United Nations Earth Summit defined "biological diversity" as "the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, 'inter alia', terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems". This definition is used in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. Question: Who is the author of the biodiversity research paper? Answer: Bruce A. Wilcox Question: Who commissioned the biodiversity research paper? Answer: International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Question: At what event was the biodiversity research paper presented? Answer: 1982 World National Parks Conference Question: What year did the United Nations Earth Summit define "biological diversity"? Answer: 1992 Question: Who is the author of the park research paper? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who commissioned the park research paper? Answer: Unanswerable Question: At what event was the park research paper presented? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the IUCN define "biological diversity"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the IUCN define "biological diversity" as? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A. Tom Grunfeld says that Tsongkhapa claimed ill health in his refusal to appear at the Ming court, while Rossabi adds that Tsongkhapa cited the "length and arduousness of the journey" to China as another reason not to make an appearance. This first request by the Ming was made in 1407, but the Ming court sent another embassy in 1413, this one led by the eunuch Hou Xian (候顯; fl. 1403–1427), which was again refused by Tsongkhapa. Rossabi writes that Tsongkhapa did not want to entirely alienate the Ming court, so he sent his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes to Nanjing in 1414 on his behalf, and upon his arrival in 1415 the Yongle Emperor bestowed upon him the title of "State Teacher"—the same title earlier awarded the Phagmodrupa ruler of Tibet. The Xuande Emperor (r. 1425–1435) even granted this disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes the title of a "King" (王). This title does not appear to have held any practical meaning, or to have given its holder any power, at Tsongkhapa's Ganden Monastery. Wylie notes that this—like the Karma Kargyu—cannot be seen as a reappointment of Mongol Yuan offices, since the Gelug school was created after the fall of the Yuan dynasty. Question: When did the Ming first request Tsongkhapa to come to court? Answer: 1407 Question: When did the Ming court send a second request to Tsongkhapa? Answer: 1413 Question: Who did Tsongkhapa send in his place to Nanjing? Answer: his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes Question: When was Chosrje Shākya Yeshes sent to Nanjing? Answer: 1414
Context: Brain tissue consumes a large amount of energy in proportion to its volume, so large brains place severe metabolic demands on animals. The need to limit body weight in order, for example, to fly, has apparently led to selection for a reduction of brain size in some species, such as bats. Most of the brain's energy consumption goes into sustaining the electric charge (membrane potential) of neurons. Most vertebrate species devote between 2% and 8% of basal metabolism to the brain. In primates, however, the percentage is much higher—in humans it rises to 20–25%. The energy consumption of the brain does not vary greatly over time, but active regions of the cerebral cortex consume somewhat more energy than inactive regions; this forms the basis for the functional brain imaging methods PET, fMRI, and NIRS. The brain typically gets most of its energy from oxygen-dependent metabolism of glucose (i.e., blood sugar), but ketones provide a major alternative source, together with contributions from medium chain fatty acids (caprylic and heptanoic acids), lactate, acetate, and possibly amino acids. Question: Where does the brain usually get most of its energy from inside the body? Answer: glucose (i.e., blood sugar Question: The energy used for metabolism of the brain in humans is what percentage? Answer: 20–25% Question: Other sources than glucose that provide energy to the brain are what? Answer: ketones Question: Most vertebrates usually devote how much metabolism to the brain? Answer: 2% and 8%
Context: It is still possible for two sounds of indefinite pitch to clearly be higher or lower than one another. For instance, a snare drum sounds higher pitched than a bass drum though both have indefinite pitch, because its sound contains higher frequencies. In other words, it is possible and often easy to roughly discern the relative pitches of two sounds of indefinite pitch, but sounds of indefinite pitch do not neatly correspond to any specific pitch. A special type of pitch often occurs in free nature when sound reaches the ear of an observer directly from the source, and also after reflecting off a sound-reflecting surface. This phenomenon is called repetition pitch, because the addition of a true repetition of the original sound to itself is the basic prerequisite. Question: Which drum has a higher perceived pitch even though they both have indefinite pitch? Answer: snare drum Question: Repetition pitch is caused by what phenomenon? Answer: the addition of a true repetition of the original sound Question: It is possible and often easy to roughly discern the relative pitches of two sounds of what? Answer: indefinite pitch
Context: Bermuda's pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters are popular with tourists. Many of Bermuda's hotels are located along the south shore of the island. In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions. Historic St George's is a designated World Heritage Site. Scuba divers can explore numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water (typically 30–40 ft or 9–12 m in depth), with virtually unlimited visibility. Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore by snorkellers, especially at Church Bay. Question: What directional shore of Bermuda is home to the majority of its hotels? Answer: the south shore of the island Question: Bermuda's coral reefs, shipwrecks, and shallow waters are great for what activity in particular? Answer: Scuba Question: Historic St. George's has been given what distinction? Answer: World Heritage Site Question: What odd color of sand draws tourists to Bermuda's beaches? Answer: pink Question: What makes Bermuda a popular tourist destination? Answer: pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters Question: Where are the majority of Bermuda's hotels? Answer: south shore of the island Question: What has St. George been designated as? Answer: World Heritage Site Question: Why are divers attracted to Bermuda? Answer: numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water Question: Why is Bermuda a great place for snorkellers? Answer: Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore Question: What are located along the shore of the coral reefs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Bermuda designated as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be explored in 9-12 ft of water? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be explored in 30-40 m of water? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Linking the information back together is the key to this system. In the relational model, some bit of information was used as a "key", uniquely defining a particular record. When information was being collected about a user, information stored in the optional tables would be found by searching for this key. For instance, if the login name of a user is unique, addresses and phone numbers for that user would be recorded with the login name as its key. This simple "re-linking" of related data back into a single collection is something that traditional computer languages are not designed for. Question: How is information accessed in a relational model? Answer: a "key" Question: What is a key used for? Answer: uniquely defining a particular record Question: What technique is used to collect into one place? Answer: re-linking Question: How is data in an optional table accessed? Answer: by searching for this key Question: How is information hidden in a relational model? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a key no longer used for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What technique is used to collect into nowhere? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is data in an optional table removed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Plymouth's gross value added (a measure of the size of its economy) was 5,169 million GBP in 2013 making up 25% of Devon's GVA. Its GVA per person was £19,943 and compared to the national average of £23,755, was £3,812 lower. Plymouth's unemployment rate was 7.0% in 2014 which was 2.0 points higher than the South West average and 0.8 points higher than the average for Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland). Question: What percentage of Devon's GVA does Plymouth comprise in 2013? Answer: 25% Question: What was Plymouth's 2013 GVA in millions of British Pounds? Answer: 5,169 Question: What was Plymouth' per capita GVA in 2013? Answer: £19,943 Question: What was the United Kingdom's average per capita GVA in 2013? Answer: £23,755 Question: What percentage of Plymouth residents were unemployed in 2014? Answer: 7.0%
Context: The Seven Years' War was fought between 1755 and 1764, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire, and affected Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. Considered a prelude to the two world wars and the greatest European war since the Thirty Years War of the 17th century, it once again split Europe into two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France on the other. For the first time, aiming to curtail Britain and Prussia's ever-growing might, France formed a grand coalition of its own, which ended with failure as Britain rose as the world's predominant power, altering the European balance of power. Question: What countries led the two coalitions during the Seven Years' War? Answer: two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France Question: When was the Seven Year' War fought? Answer: The Seven Years' War was fought between 1755 and 1764 Question: What major power of the time was not involved in The Seven Years' War? Answer: It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire Question: What country emerged as the world's predominate power? Answer: Britain rose as the world's predominant power Question: What was the Seven Years' War considered as the prelude to? Answer: Considered a prelude to the two world wars
Context: Institutes of technology with different origins are Asian Institute of Technology, which developed from SEATO Graduate School of Engineering, and Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, an engineering school of Thammasat University. Suranaree University of Technology is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established (1989) as such; while Mahanakorn University of Technology is the most well known private technological institute. Technology/Technical colleges in Thailand is associated with bitter rivalries which erupts into frequent off-campus brawls and assassinations of students in public locations that has been going on for nearly a decade, with innocent bystanders also commonly among the injured and the military under martial law still unable to stop them from occurring. Question: What is the name of Thammasat University's engineering school? Answer: Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Question: What is Thailand's only government-established and owned institute of technology? Answer: Suranaree University of Technology Question: What year was Suranaree University of Technology founded? Answer: 1989 Question: What is the name of the best-known private institute of technology in Thailand? Answer: Mahanakorn University of Technology
Context: Later the Muslims invaded Spain (711), but the Arabs and Moors never managed to have any real control over Galicia, which was later incorporated into the expanding Christian Kingdom of Asturias, usually known as Gallaecia or Galicia (Yillīqiya and Galīsiya) by Muslim Chroniclers, as well as by many European contemporaries. This era consolidated Galicia as a Christian society which spoke a Romance language. During the next century Galician noblemen took northern Portugal, conquering Coimbra in 871, thus freeing what were considered the southernmost city of ancient Galicia. Question: Though the Muslims couldn't take full control of Galicia, when was it that they invaded Spain? Answer: 711 Question: Which kingdom did Galicia later become a part of? Answer: Asturias Question: As a result, what became the religion of Galician society? Answer: Christian Question: Ancient Galicians took control of which city in northern Portugal? Answer: Coimbra
Context: Internet Explorer, on the other hand, was bundled free with the Windows operating system (and was also downloadable free), and therefore it was funded partly by the sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users. Internet Explorer also used to be available for the Mac. It is likely that releasing IE for the Mac was part of Microsoft's overall strategy to fight threats to its quasi-monopoly platform dominance - threats such as web standards and Java - by making some web developers, or at least their managers, assume that there was "no need" to develop for anything other than Internet Explorer. In this respect, IE may have contributed to Windows and Microsoft applications sales in another way, through "lock-in" to Microsoft's browser. Question: What was bundled for free with the Windows OS? Answer: Internet Explorer Question: Internet Explorer was partially funded in what two ways? Answer: sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users Question: What other OS could use Internet Explorer? Answer: Mac Question: What program was bundled free with Java? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What helped to partly fund Java? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For what OS was Java formerly available for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why was Java available for the Mac? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what other way did Java contribute to Windows and Microsoft application sales? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the 6th century BCE, Taoist teacher Lao Tzu espoused a series of naturalistic concepts with some elements of humanistic philosophy. The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural. Humanistic thought is also contained in other Confucian classics, e.g., as recorded in Zuo Zhuan, Ji Liang says, "People is the zhu (master, lord, dominance, owner or origin) of gods. So, to sage kings, people first, gods second"; Neishi Guo says, "Gods, clever, righteous and wholehearted, comply with human." Taoist and Confucian secularism contain elements of moral thought devoid of religious authority or deism however they only partly resembled our modern concept of secularism. Question: When were humanism beliefs mixed with another philosophy by a Taoist thinker? Answer: 6th century BCE Question: What is an example of Humanism based philosophy that focused on ethics? Answer: Silver Rule of Confucianism Question: Who can be credited with saying essentially humans are the gods of gods? Answer: Ji Liang Question: Where could you read this information? Answer: Zuo Zhuan Question: When were humanism beliefs separated from another philosophy by a Taoist thinker? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of Humanism based philosophy that discouraged ethics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who can be credited with saying essentially humans are the gods of humans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What classic did Ji Liang burn? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who decided to stop teaching Tao? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris overwhelmingly follow the Ismaili sect of Islam, and speak a number of Eastern Iranian languages, including Shughni, Rushani, Khufi and Wakhi. Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains, they have preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in the country. Question: What people live in the southeast area of the country? Answer: The Pamiri people Question: How are they different than most Tajiks? Answer: distinct linguistically and culturally Question: What mountians do the Pamiri people call home? Answer: Pamir Mountains Question: What people are not distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who follows the Ismali sect of Ireland? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group has not preserved any cultural traditions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group speaks a number of Western Iranian languages? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: While exploring inland along the northern coast of Florida in 1528, the members of the Narváez expedition, including Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, found a Native American village near present-day Tallahassee, Florida whose name they transcribed as Apalchen or Apalachen [a.paˈla.tʃɛn]. The name was soon altered by the Spanish to Apalachee and used as a name for the tribe and region spreading well inland to the north. Pánfilo de Narváez's expedition first entered Apalachee territory on June 15, 1528, and applied the name. Now spelled "Appalachian," it is the fourth-oldest surviving European place-name in the US. Question: What area did the Narvaez expedition explore? Answer: northern coast of Florida Question: When did the Narvaez expedition explore Florida? Answer: 1528 Question: What did they transcribe Florida's name as? Answer: Apalchen Question: What was the name eventually used for? Answer: as a name for the tribe and region spreading well inland to the north Question: When was the name altered to Appalachian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the oldest surviving European place name in the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who named Tallahassee, Florida? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the leader of the Native American village? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How was the name of the Narvaez expedition transcribed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Theravadin Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth. Monks follow the vinaya: meditating, teaching and serving their lay communities. Laypersons can perform good actions, producing merit. Question: What type of Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth? Answer: Theravadin Question: Laypersons can perform good actions, producing what? Answer: merit
Context: Carnaval de Solsona takes place in Solsona, Lleida. It is one of the longest; free events in the streets, and nightly concerts run for more than a week. The Carnival is known for a legend that explains how a donkey was hung at the tower bell − because the animal wanted to eat grass that grew on the top of the tower. To celebrate this legend, locals hang a stuffed donkey at the tower that "pisses" above the excited crowd using a water pump. This event is the most important and takes place on Saturday night. For this reason, the inhabitants are called "matarrucs" ("donkey killers"). Question: What is one of the longest free events in the streets? Answer: Carnaval de Solsona Question: How long can the nightly concerts run for? Answer: more than a week Question: What was a donkey hung from according to local legend? Answer: the tower bell Question: How does the donkey piss on the crowd below? Answer: water pump Question: What does "matarrucs" mean? Answer: donkey killers
Context: Post-war, Devonport Dockyard was kept busy refitting aircraft carriers such as the Ark Royal and, later, nuclear submarines while new light industrial factories were constructed in the newly zoned industrial sector attracting rapid growth of the urban population. The army had substantially left the city by 1971, with barracks pulled down in the 1960s, however the city remains home to the 42 Commando of the Royal Marines. Question: What aircraft carrier received maintenance at Devonport Dockyard? Answer: Ark Royal Question: By what year was the greater part of the army presence in Plymouth gone? Answer: 1971 Question: What military unit is based in Plymouth? Answer: 42 Commando of the Royal Marines
Context: The oldest known archaeological fragments of the immediate precursor to modern paper, date to the 2nd century BC in China. The pulp papermaking process is ascribed to Cai Lun, a 2nd-century AD Han court eunuch. With paper as an effective substitute for silk in many applications, China could export silk in greater quantity, contributing to a Golden Age. Question: Who is credited with the papermaking process? Answer: Cai Lun Question: What material did paper replace upon its invention? Answer: silk Question: Which Age did the invention of the papermaking process contribute towards? Answer: Golden Age Question: What century is the first papermaking process attributed to? Answer: 2nd Question: To where can the oldest known fragments of silk be traced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: To whom is the silk paper making process ascribed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is silk an effective substitute for in all applications? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What age did China's decreased exportation of silk lead to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did China decrease the export of during The Golden Age? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is uncredited with the papermaking process? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What material did paper not replace upon its invention? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Age did the invention of the papermaking process not contribute towards? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What century is the last papermaking process attributed to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Thomas J. Watson, Sr., fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered CTR. Watson joined CTR as General Manager then, 11 months later, was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned Patterson's pioneering business practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's companies. He implemented sales conventions, "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed, dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker". His favorite slogan, "THINK", became a mantra for each company's employees. During Watson's first four years, revenues more than doubled to $9 million and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. "Watson had never liked the clumsy hyphenated title of the CTR" and chose to replace it with the more expansive title "International Business Machines". First as a name for a 1917 Canadian subsidiary, then as a line in advertisements. For example, the McClures magazine, v53, May 1921, has a full page ad with, at the bottom: Question: In what year did Thomas J. Watson, Sr. join CTR? Answer: 1914 Question: Thomas J. Watson Sr. was fired from what company? Answer: National Cash Register Company Question: What was the favorite slogan of Thomas J. Watson Sr.? Answer: THINK Question: The revenues did what under the first 4 years of Watson being president? Answer: more than doubled to $9 million Question: The name International Business Machines was first used in what year? Answer: 1917 Question: In what year did CTR first use THINK as its slogan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Thomas J. Watson, Sr fire from the CTR company? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Patterson join the National Cash Register Company? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened to the revenue of the National Cash Register Company when Patterson became president? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of benefits were given to employees of the National Cash Register Company? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; siblings drift apart during early adolescent years, but experience an increase in intimacy starting at middle adolescence. Sibling interactions are children's first relational experiences, the ones that shape their social and self-understanding for life. Sustaining positive sibling relations can assist adolescents in a number of ways. Siblings are able to act as peers, and may increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth. Older siblings can give guidance to younger siblings, although the impact of this can be either positive or negative depending on the activity of the older sibling. Question: Does intimacy between same-sex siblings increase or decrease during adolescence? Answer: increases Question: When siblings act as peers, what positive effects are possible? Answer: increase one another's sociability and feelings of self-worth Question: At what stage to mixed-sex siblings generally experience an increase in intimacy? Answer: middle adolescence
Context: St. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland. With a population of 214,285 as of July 1, 2015, the St. John's Metropolitan Area is the second largest Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) in Atlantic Canada after Halifax and the 20th largest metropolitan area in Canada. It is one of the world's top ten oceanside destinations, according to National Geographic Magazine. Its name has been attributed to the feast day of John the Baptist, when John Cabot was believed to have sailed into the harbour in 1497, and also to a Basque fishing town with the same name. Question: In what country is St. John's located? Answer: Canada Question: What is the name of the island that St. John's is located? Answer: Newfoundland Question: What city is ranked 20th in largest metropolitan area for Canada? Answer: St. John's Question: Where on the Avalon Peninsula is St. John's located? Answer: eastern tip Question: In what year did St. John's have a population of 214,285? Answer: 2015 Question: What is the largest city in Canada? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Canadian city was incorporated in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the oldest English city in the America's. Answer: Unanswerable Question: St John's is the largest what in Atlantic Canada? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did John Cabot sail to in the 14th century? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Jews are often identified as belonging to one of two major groups: the Ashkenazim and the Sephardim. Ashkenazim, or "Germanics" (Ashkenaz meaning "Germany" in Hebrew), are so named denoting their German Jewish cultural and geographical origins, while Sephardim, or "Hispanics" (Sefarad meaning "Spain/Hispania" or "Iberia" in Hebrew), are so named denoting their Spanish/Portuguese Jewish cultural and geographic origins. The more common term in Israel for many of those broadly called Sephardim, is Mizrahim (lit. "Easterners", Mizrach being "East" in Hebrew), that is, in reference to the diverse collection of Middle Eastern and North African Jews who are often, as a group, referred to collectively as Sephardim (together with Sephardim proper) for liturgical reasons, although Mizrahi Jewish groups and Sephardi Jews proper are ethnically distinct. Question: Name one major group that Jews are often identified as belonging to. Answer: Ashkenazim Question: Name another major group that Jews are often identified as belonging to? Answer: Sephardim Question: What does Ashkenaz mean in Hebrew? Answer: Germany Question: What is the more common term in Israel for many of those broadly called Sephardim? Answer: Mizrahim Question: What does Mizrach mean in Hebrew? Answer: East Question: How many major groups do the Ashkenazim belong to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term means "Westerners" in Israel? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Ashkenaz mean in German? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What word means "Spain" in Spanish? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two groups are not ethnically distinct? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Sometimes circumstances such as a good breeding season followed by a food source failure the following year lead to irruptions in which large numbers of a species move far beyond the normal range. Bohemian waxwings Bombycilla garrulus well show this unpredictable variation in annual numbers, with five major arrivals in Britain during the nineteenth century, but 18 between the years 1937 and 2000. Red crossbills Loxia curvirostra too are irruptive, with widespread invasions across England noted in 1251, 1593, 1757, and 1791. Question: For what reason would birds mor far beyond the normal range? Answer: a good breeding season followed by a food source failure Question: How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain in the nineteeth century? Answer: five Question: How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain between 1937 and 200? Answer: 18 Question: What years did Red crossbills invade England? Answer: 1251, 1593, 1757, and 1791
Context: Israel (/ˈɪzreɪəl/ or /ˈɪzriːəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ Yisrā'el; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل‎ Isrāʼīl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ Medīnat Yisrā'el [mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel] ( listen); Arabic: دولة إِسْرَائِيل‎ Dawlat Isrāʼīl [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. The country is situated in the Middle East at the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. It contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv while Jerusalem is both the self-designated capital and most populous individual city under the country's governmental administration. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.[note 1] Question: What is the official State of Israel? Answer: Israel Question: Where is Israel located? Answer: Middle East Question: What's Israel's financial and technology center? Answer: Tel Aviv
Context: In 2012, resident foreigners made up 23.3% of the population. Most of these (64%) were from European Union or EFTA countries. Italians were the largest single group of foreigners with 15.6% of total foreign population. They were closely followed by Germans (15.2%), immigrants from Portugal (12.7%), France (5.6%), Serbia (5.3%), Turkey (3.8%), Spain (3.7%), and Austria (2%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka, most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group among people of Asian origin (6.3%). Additionally, the figures from 2012 show that 34.7% of the permanent resident population aged 15 or over in Switzerland, i.e. 2,335,000 persons, had an immigrant background. A third of this population (853,000) held Swiss citizenship. Four fifths of persons with an immigration background were themselves immigrants (first generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens), whereas one fifth were born in Switzerland (second generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens). In the 2000s, domestic and international institutions expressed concern about what they perceived as an increase in xenophobia, particularly in some political campaigns. In reply to one critical report the Federal Council noted that "racism unfortunately is present in Switzerland", but stated that the high proportion of foreign citizens in the country, as well as the generally unproblematic integration of foreigners", underlined Switzerland's openness. Question: In 2010, what percentage of the population was made up of foreigners? Answer: 23.3% Question: Who were the largest single group of foreigners in 2010? Answer: Italians Question: What percentage of the population aged 15 and over were shown to have an immigrant background as of 2012? Answer: 34.7% Question: What percentage of the immigrants were born in Switzerland as of 2012? Answer: one fifth Question: In the 2000's, what was the concern perceived toward immigrants by institutions? Answer: increase in xenophobia
Context: The ad fontes principle also had many applications. The re-discovery of ancient manuscripts brought a more profound and accurate knowledge of ancient philosophical schools such as Epicureanism, and Neoplatonism, whose Pagan wisdom the humanists, like the Church fathers of old, tended, at least initially, to consider as deriving from divine revelation and thus adaptable to a life of Christian virtue. The line from a drama of Terence, Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto (or with nil for nihil), meaning "I am a human being, I think nothing human alien to me", known since antiquity through the endorsement of Saint Augustine, gained renewed currency as epitomising the humanist attitude. The statement, in a play modeled or borrowed from a (now lost) Greek comedy by Menander, may have originated in a lighthearted vein – as a comic rationale for an old man's meddling – but it quickly became a proverb and throughout the ages was quoted with a deeper meaning, by Cicero and Saint Augustine, to name a few, and most notably by Seneca. Richard Bauman writes: Question: What allowed for a deeper understanding and personal exploration of older philosophers theories? Answer: ancient manuscripts Question: Who were the Humanists in agreement with about using these manuscripts in their quests for pure Christian living? Answer: Church fathers Question: Who was the most influential supporter of the ideals of Terence? Answer: Saint Augustine Question: Who quoted the line of Terence most notably? Answer: Seneca Question: What allowed for a more shallow understanding and personal exploration of older philosophers theories? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were the Humanists in disagreement with about using these manuscripts in their quests for pure Christian living? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the least influential supporter of the ideals of Terence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who couldn't quote a line of Terence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What principle had no applications? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The band, now revitalised by the response to Live Aid – a "shot in the arm" Roger Taylor called it, — and the ensuing increase in record sales, ended 1985 by releasing the single "One Vision", which was the third time after "Stone Cold Crazy" and "Under Pressure (with David Bowie)" that all four bandmembers received a writing credit for the one song. Also, a limited-edition boxed set containing all Queen albums to date was released under the title of The Complete Works. The package included previously unreleased material, most notably Queen's non-album single of Christmas 1984, titled "Thank God It's Christmas". Question: What year was Queen's One Vision released? Answer: 1985 Question: How many band members wrote Queen's One Vision? Answer: four Question: What was the mid 1980s Queen boxed set called? Answer: The Complete Works Question: What was Queen's 1984 Christmas song called? Answer: Thank God It's Christmas
Context: Free Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it "systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion". He claims that the term "operates as a catch-all to lump together disparate laws [which] originated separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues" and that it creates a "bias" by confusing these monopolies with ownership of limited physical things, likening them to "property rights". Stallman advocates referring to copyrights, patents and trademarks in the singular and warns against abstracting disparate laws into a collective term. Question: Who founded the Free Software Foundation? Answer: Richard Stallman Question: Who said the term 'intellectual property' should be rejected altogether? Answer: Richard Stallman Question: Who said the term 'intellectual property' "operates as a catch-all"? Answer: Richard Stallman Question: How does Stallman advocate referring to copyrights, patents, and trademarks? Answer: in the singular Question: What term does Richard Stallman support using? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who said the term intellectual property simplifies and clarifies these issues? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Stallman advocate refering to in the plurally? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Stallman say is created by confusing ownership with monopolies? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In mid-1944 Japan mobilized over 500,000 men and launched a massive operation across China under the code name Operation Ichi-Go, their largest offensive of World War II, with the goal of connecting Japanese-controlled territory in China and French Indochina and capturing airbases in southeastern China where American bombers were based. During this time, many of the newest American-trained Chinese units and supplies were forcibly locked in the Burmese theater under Joseph Stilwell set by terms of the Lend-Lease Agreement. Though Japan suffered about 100,000 casualties, these attacks, the biggest in several years, gained much ground for Japan before Chinese forces stopped the incursions in Guangxi. Despite major tactical victories, the operation overall failed to provide Japan with any significant strategic gains. A great majority of the Chinese forces were able to retreat out of the area, and later come back to attack Japanese positions such as Battle of West Hunan. Japan was not any closer in defeating China after this operation, and the constant defeats the Japanese suffered in the Pacific meant that Japan never got the time and resources needed to achieve final victory over China. Operation Ichi-go created a great sense of social confusion in the areas of China that it affected. Chinese Communist guerrillas were able to exploit this confusion to gain influence and control of greater areas of the countryside in the aftermath of Ichi-go. Question: What was the code name for the mid-1944 offensive across China? Answer: Operation Ichi-Go Question: What was the largest Japanese offensive in World War II? Answer: Operation Ichi-Go Question: Where did the Chinese stop the Operation Ichi-Go incursion? Answer: Guangxi Question: Who was able to take advantage of the social confusion created by Operation Ichi-Go? Answer: Chinese Communist guerrillas Question: How many casualties did the Japanese suffer during Operation Ichi-Go? Answer: about 100,000
Context: Von Neumann worked on lattice theory between 1937 and 1939. Von Neumann provided an abstract exploration of dimension in completed complemented modular topological lattices: "Dimension is determined, up to a positive linear transformation, by the following two properties. It is conserved by perspective mappings ("perspectivities") and ordered by inclusion. The deepest part of the proof concerns the equivalence of perspectivity with "projectivity by decomposition"—of which a corollary is the transitivity of perspectivity." Garrett Birkhoff writes: "John von Neumann's brilliant mind blazed over lattice theory like a meteor". Question: What did von Neumann work on in 1937 - 39? Answer: lattice theory Question: What properties determine dimension in lattice theory? Answer: conserved by perspective mappings ("perspectivities") and ordered by inclusion Question: Who wrote that "John von Neumann's brilliant mind blazed over lattice theory like a meteor?" Answer: Garrett Birkhoff
Context: The European powers recognized the islands as part of the Spanish East Indies in 1874. However, Spain sold the islands to the German Empire in 1884, and they became part of German New Guinea in 1885. In World War I the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, which in 1919 the League of Nations combined with other former German territories to form the South Pacific Mandate. In World War II, the United States conquered the islands in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign. Along with other Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands were then consolidated into the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands governed by the US. Self-government was achieved in 1979, and full sovereignty in 1986, under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a United Nations member state since 1991. Question: In what year did the Marshall Islands gain official recognition by the major European nations? Answer: 1874 Question: In 1884, which country purchased the Marshall Islands? Answer: the German Empire Question: What group was the Marshall Islands a part of following World War I? Answer: the South Pacific Mandate Question: Who took over the Marshall Islands in the second world war? Answer: the United States Question: In what year did the Marshall Islands achieve total sovereignty? Answer: 1986 Question: What European nation owned the Marshall Islands in 1874? Answer: Spain Question: Who bought the Marshall Islands from the Spanish in 1884? Answer: the German Empire Question: Who occupied the Marshall Islands during the First World War? Answer: Japan Question: In what year was the South Pacific Mandate created? Answer: 1919 Question: In what year did the Marshall Islands become a sovereign nation? Answer: 1986
Context: During the late Bronze Age the island experienced two waves of Greek settlement. The first wave consisted of Mycenaean Greek traders who started visiting Cyprus around 1400 BC. A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece from 1100 to 1050 BC, with the island's predominantly Greek character dating from this period. Cyprus occupies an important role in Greek mythology being the birthplace of Aphrodite and Adonis, and home to King Cinyras, Teucer and Pygmalion. Beginning in the 8th century BC Phoenician colonies were founded on the south coast of Cyprus, near present-day Larnaca and Salamis. Question: During what Age did Cyprus experience two waves of Greek settlement? Answer: late Bronze Age Question: Who did the first wave of Greek settlement consist of? Answer: Mycenaean Greek traders Question: What year did Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus begin visiting Cyprus? Answer: 1400 BC Question: Cyprus is the birthplace of what two Greek mythological figures? Answer: Aphrodite and Adonis Question: Cyprus is home to which Greek mythological figures? Answer: King Cinyras, Teucer and Pygmalion
Context: Evidence from the early technical literature concerning electrical recording suggests that it wasn't until the 1942–1949 period that there were serious efforts to standardize recording characteristics within an industry. Heretofore, electrical recording technology from company to company was considered a proprietary art all the way back to the 1925 Western Electric licensed method used by Columbia and Victor. For example, what Brunswick-Balke-Collender (Brunswick Corporation) did was different from the practices of Victor. Question: How far back did records show the art of sound recordings? Answer: 1925 Question: How was standardization prior to 1942? Answer: considered a proprietary art Question: Around what time period was there an attempt made to standardize recordings? Answer: 1942–1949
Context: The official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: "Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white". This led to different treatment for "black" and "half-caste" individuals, with lighter-skinned individuals targeted for removal from their families to be raised as "white" people, restricted from speaking their native language and practising traditional customs, a process now known as the Stolen Generation. Question: Who did the government want raised as white? Answer: "half-caste" individuals Question: What was the goal of removing mixed races from their homes? Answer: Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white" Question: What were the mixed race individuals kept from doing? Answer: speaking their native language and practising traditional customs Question: What was this process referred to? Answer: the Stolen Generation
Context: A study in 2007 by Mark Long, an economics professor at the University of Washington, demonstrated that the alternatives of affirmative action proved ineffective in restoring minority enrollment in public flagship universities in California, Texas, and Washington. More specifically, apparent rebounds of minority enrollment can be explained by increasing minority enrollment in high schools of those states, and the beneficiaries of class-based (not race) affirmative action would be white students. At the same time, affirmative action itself is both morally and materially costly: 52 percent of white populace (compared to 14 percent of black) thought it should be abolished, implying white distaste of using racial identity, and full-file review is expected to cost the universities an additional $1.5 million to $2 million per year, excluding possible cost of litigation. Question: What area of study did professor Mark Long have a degree in? Answer: economics Question: In which year did Long publish his study? Answer: 2007 Question: How were rebounds of minority enrollment explained in Long's report? Answer: increasing minority enrollment in high schools Question: Who would supposedly be the beneficiaries of a class-based style affirmative action? Answer: white students Question: What percentage of the black population thought affirmative action should be abolished? Answer: 14 Question: What area of study did professor Mark Long have a job in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which year did Long reject his study? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How were rebounds of minority enrollment rejected in Long's report? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who would supposedly be the beneficiaries of a not class-based style affirmative action? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of the black population thought affirmative action should not be abolished? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first European to discover Guam was Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, when he sighted the island on March 6, 1521 during his fleet's circumnavigation of the globe.:41–42 When Magellan arrived on Guam, he was greeted by hundreds of small outrigger canoes that appeared to be flying over the water, due to their considerable speed. These outrigger canoes were called Proas, and resulted in Magellan naming Guam Islas de las Velas Latinas ("Islands of the Lateen sails"). Antonio Pigafetta, one of Magellan's original 18 the name "Island of Sails", but he also writes that the inhabitants "entered the ships and stole whatever they could lay their hands on", including "the small boat that was fastened to the poop of the flagship.":129 "Those people are poor, but ingenious and very thievish, on account of which we called those three islands Islas de los Ladrones ("Islands of thieves").":131 Question: What was the nationality of Magellan? Answer: Portuguese Question: What year did Magellan locate the island of Guam? Answer: 1521 Question: What were the name of outrigger canoes? Answer: Proas Question: On what date did Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan begin his trip around the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From what country was Antonio Pigafetta? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the King of Spain in 1521? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which sailor came up with the name Islas De Los Ladrones for Guam? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date did Ferdinand Magellan complete his circumnavigation of the globe? Answer: Unanswerable