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Context: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nation's prime federal law enforcement organization. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice, FBI is concurrently a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes. Question: What agency is the domestic intelligence and security service for the US? Answer: FBI Question: What organization is the FBI a subset of? Answer: U.S. Department of Justice Question: What Director does the FBI report to? Answer: Director of National Intelligence Question: How many categories of federal crimes does the FBI have jurisdiction over? Answer: 200 Question: What is the domestic intelligence and security service for the United Kingdom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is under the jurisdiction of the FBI? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who does the U.S. Intelligence Community report to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has jurisdiction over more than 200 categories of state level crime? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many categories of federal crimes does the U.S. Intelligence Community have jurisdiction over? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In temperate softwoods there often is a marked difference between latewood and earlywood. The latewood will be denser than that formed early in the season. When examined under a microscope the cells of dense latewood are seen to be very thick-walled and with very small cell cavities, while those formed first in the season have thin walls and large cell cavities. The strength is in the walls, not the cavities. Hence the greater the proportion of latewood the greater the density and strength. In choosing a piece of pine where strength or stiffness is the important consideration, the principal thing to observe is the comparative amounts of earlywood and latewood. The width of ring is not nearly so important as the proportion and nature of the latewood in the ring. Question: What kind of softwoods often have significant differences in their earlywood and latewood? Answer: temperate Question: Is latewood denser or less dense than earlywood? Answer: denser Question: Does strength come from the walls or cavities of wood cells? Answer: walls Question: Are the cell walls of earlywood thick or thin? Answer: thin Question: What general size are the cavities in the cells of very dense latewood? Answer: very small
Context: Catalan (/ˈkætəlæn/; autonym: català [kətəˈla] or [kataˈla]) is a Romance language named for its origins in Catalonia, in what is northeastern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Valencia (where the language is known as Valencian, and there exist regional standards). It also has semi-official status in the city of Alghero on the Italian island of Sardinia. It is also spoken with no official recognition in parts of the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon (La Franja) and Murcia (Carche), and in the historic French region of Roussillon/Northern Catalonia, roughly equivalent to the department of Pyrénées-Orientales. Question: What place is Catalan named for? Answer: Catalonia Question: What type of language is Catalan? Answer: Romance language Question: What is Catalan called in Valencia? Answer: Valencian Question: Where is Catalan the only official language? Answer: Andorra
Context: On basic Church teachings, the pope was unwavering. On the tenth anniversary of Humanae vitae, he reconfirmed this teaching. In his style and methodology, he was a disciple of Pius XII, whom he deeply revered. He suffered for the attacks on Pius XII for his alleged silences during the Holocaust. Pope Paul VI was less outstanding than his predecessors: he was not credited with an encyclopedic memory, nor a gift for languages, nor the brilliant writing style of Pius XII, nor did he have the charisma and outpouring love, sense of humor and human warmth of John XXIII. He took on himself the unfinished reform work of these two popes, bringing them diligently with great humility and common sense and without much fanfare to conclusion. In doing so, Paul VI saw himself following in the footsteps of the Apostle Paul, torn to several directions as Saint Paul, who said, "I am attracted to two sides at once, because the Cross always divides." Question: What was Pius XII accused of not condemning? Answer: Holocaust Question: Whose theology did Paul VI continue to propagate during his papacy? Answer: Pius XII Question: What type of work did Paul Vi finish that had been started by two previous popes? Answer: reform Question: On which anniversary of his Humanae Vitae did Paul VI reconfirm the beliefs set forth by the Humanae Vitae? Answer: tenth Question: Which pope that preceded Paul VI was noted for his warmth and humor? Answer: John XXIII
Context: In October 1919, Albert went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, economics and civics for a year. On 4 June 1920, he was created Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney. He began to take on more royal duties. He represented his father, and toured coal mines, factories, and railyards. Through such visits he acquired the nickname of the "Industrial Prince". His stammer, and his embarrassment over it, together with his tendency to shyness, caused him to appear much less impressive than his older brother, Edward. However, he was physically active and enjoyed playing tennis. He played at Wimbledon in the Men's Doubles with Louis Greig in 1926, losing in the first round. He developed an interest in working conditions, and was President of the Industrial Welfare Society. His series of annual summer camps for boys between 1921 and 1939 brought together boys from different social backgrounds. Question: What did Albert study in Trinity College? Answer: history, economics and civics Question: What was Albert's nickname as he toured coal mines, factories, and railyards? Answer: Industrial Prince Question: Who is Albert's older brother? Answer: Edward Question: Which sport was Albert proficient at? Answer: tennis Question: Which society was Albert the president of? Answer: Industrial Welfare Society Question: Who was Albert's father? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Albert elected as the President of the Industrial Welfare Society? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was one of the players Albert lost to in his match at Wimbledon? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Louis Greig begin playing tennis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What sport did Edward enjoy? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: While Paris has some of the richest neighbourhoods in France, it also has some of the poorest, mostly on the eastern side of the city. In 2012, 14 percent of households in the city earned less than €977 per month, the official poverty line. Twenty-five percent of residents in the 19th arrondissement lived below the poverty line; 24 percent in the 18th, 22 percent in the 20th and 18 percent in the 10th. In the city's wealthiest neighbourhood, the 7th arrondissement, 7 percent lived below the poverty line; 8 percent in the 6th arrondissement; and 9 percent in the 16th arrondissement. Question: What percentage of households earned less than 977 per month? Answer: 14 Question: WHat percentage of people in the 19th arrondissement lived below the poverty line? Answer: Twenty-five Question: What percentage of people lived below the poverty line in Paris' wealthiest neighborhood? Answer: 7
Context: Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties, but such was the influence of the Dominicans, and the weight of the arguments of Thomas Aquinas (who had been canonised in 1323 and declared "Doctor Angelicus" of the Church in 1567) that the Council of Trent (1545–63)—which might have been expected to affirm the doctrine—instead declined to take a position. Question: Where did the mass majority stand in relation to having or not having the Mary inception festivals ? Answer: Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. Question: How did the Holy Roman Church rule on the matter of the festivals ? Answer: stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. Question: Was the practce behind the meaning of the Mary inception festivals taught at Universities of theology ? Answer: end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties Question: In what year was the famous friar named Tom given a position as a saint of the Holy Roman Catholic Church ? Answer: Thomas Aquinas (who had been canonised in 1323 Question: What happened to Tom at one of the 1567 that changed his title ? Answer: declared "Doctor Angelicus" of the Church in 1567 Question: What celebration did popular opinion oppose? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who said that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is not in accord with Catholic belief? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What counsel was held in the fourteenth century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What belief was taught in many theological facilities by the 1500s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What counsel held between 1545 and 1563 affirmed the doctrine? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: One facet of the changing attitude toward Korea and whether to get involved was Japan. Especially after the fall of China to the Communists, U.S. East Asian experts saw Japan as the critical counterweight to the Soviet Union and China in the region. While there was no United States policy that dealt with South Korea directly as a national interest, its proximity to Japan increased the importance of South Korea. Said Kim: "The recognition that the security of Japan required a non-hostile Korea led directly to President Truman's decision to intervene... The essential point... is that the American response to the North Korean attack stemmed from considerations of US policy toward Japan." Question: What country was believed to provide a counterbalance to China's and the Soviet Union's involvement in Korea? Answer: Japan Question: Which President decided to intervene after realizing that Japan's security would be affected by the hostility in Korea? Answer: President Truman Question: Why was South Korea important to the US? Answer: US policy toward Japan Question: What affected America's response to the situation in South Korea? Answer: US policy toward Japan
Context: Latency results from the methods used to encode and decode the data. Some codecs will analyze a longer segment of the data to optimize efficiency, and then code it in a manner that requires a larger segment of data at one time to decode. (Often codecs create segments called a "frame" to create discrete data segments for encoding and decoding.) The inherent latency of the coding algorithm can be critical; for example, when there is a two-way transmission of data, such as with a telephone conversation, significant delays may seriously degrade the perceived quality. Question: What results from methods used to encode and decode data? Answer: Latency Question: What analyzes a statement of data to boost performance? Answer: codecs Question: What creates segments called a "frame"? Answer: codecs Question: What results from methods used to encode and decode delays? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What analyzes a statement of data to boost data segments? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What creates conversation called a "frame"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What may seriously degrade the perceived segment of data? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has the purpose of creating discrete data segments for telephones? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Sleep-and-charge USB ports can be used to charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off. Normally, when a computer is powered off the USB ports are powered down, preventing phones and other devices from charging. Sleep-and-charge USB ports remain powered even when the computer is off. On laptops, charging devices from the USB port when it is not being powered from AC drains the laptop battery faster; most laptops have a facility to stop charging if their own battery charge level gets too low. Question: What can sleep-and-charge USB ports be used to do? Answer: charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off Question: What is normally powered off whenever the computer is off? Answer: USB ports Question: What remain powered even whenever the computer is powered off? Answer: Sleep-and-charge USB ports
Context: As a consequence of his heart attack, Eisenhower developed a left ventricular aneurysm, which was in turn the cause of a mild stroke on November 25, 1957. This incident occurred during a cabinet meeting when Eisenhower suddenly found himself unable to speak or move his right hand. The stroke had caused an aphasia. The president also suffered from Crohn's disease, chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine, which necessitated surgery for a bowel obstruction on June 9, 1956. To treat the intestinal block, surgeons bypassed about ten inches of his small intestine. His scheduled meeting with Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was postponed so he could recover from surgery at his farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He was still recovering from this operation during the Suez Crisis. Eisenhower's health issues forced him to give up smoking and make some changes to his dietary habits, but he still indulged in alcohol. During a visit to England he complained of dizziness and had to have his blood pressure checked on August 29, 1959; however, before dinner at Chequers on the next day his doctor General Howard Snyder recalled Eisenhower "drank several gin-and-tonics, and one or two gins on the rocks ... three or four wines with the dinner". Question: What caused Eisenhower's stroke of 1957? Answer: left ventricular aneurysm Question: Where was Eisenhower when he suffered a stroke in 1957? Answer: cabinet meeting Question: What couldn't Eisenhower move as a result of his stroke? Answer: right hand Question: What is Crohn's disease? Answer: chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine Question: Why did Eisenhower need surgery on June 9, 1956? Answer: bowel obstruction
Context: The bacillus causing tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis, was identified and described on 24 March 1882 by Robert Koch. He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1905 for this discovery. Koch did not believe the bovine (cattle) and human tuberculosis diseases were similar, which delayed the recognition of infected milk as a source of infection. Later, the risk of transmission from this source was dramatically reduced by the invention of the pasteurization process. Koch announced a glycerine extract of the tubercle bacilli as a "remedy" for tuberculosis in 1890, calling it "tuberculin". While it was not effective, it was later successfully adapted as a screening test for the presence of pre-symptomatic tuberculosis. The World Tuberculosis Day was established on 24 March for this reason. Question: Who discovered M. tuberculosis? Answer: Robert Koch Question: What year was Koch awarded a Nobel Prize? Answer: 1905 Question: Koch's conviction that human and bovine strains of TB were unrelated meant more people were exposed by drinking what? Answer: milk Question: What did Koch call the ineffective treatment for TB he came up with in 1890? Answer: tuberculin Question: What event is celebrated on March 24th to recognize the test for latent TB? Answer: World Tuberculosis Day Question: Who started World Tuberculosis Day? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Koch believe was similar to bovine tuberculosis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did World Tuberculosis Day start? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What remedy did Koch win a Nobel prize for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Koch describe the connection between TB and infected milk? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: With the division of the Roman Empire, the Western Roman Empire lost contact with much of its past. In the Middle East, Greek philosophy was able to find some support under the newly created Arab Empire. With the spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries, a period of Muslim scholarship, known as the Islamic Golden Age, lasted until the 13th century. This scholarship was aided by several factors. The use of a single language, Arabic, allowed communication without need of a translator. Access to Greek texts from the Byzantine Empire, along with Indian sources of learning, provided Muslim scholars a knowledge base to build upon. Question: What was a consequence of the Roman Empire being divided? Answer: the Western Roman Empire lost contact with much of its past Question: Where was support found for Greek philosophy? Answer: Arab Empire Question: What time period was marked by the spreading of Islam? Answer: the 7th and 8th centuries Question: How long did the Islamic Golden Age last? Answer: until the 13th century Question: What language did Muslim philosophers speak? Answer: Arabic
Context: In 1839, Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories (both of whom Victoria detested) voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica. The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery. The Queen commissioned a Tory, Sir Robert Peel, to form a new ministry. At the time, it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household, who were usually his political allies and their spouses. Many of the Queen's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories. In what became known as the bedchamber crisis, Victoria, advised by Melbourne, objected to their removal. Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen, and consequently resigned his commission, allowing Melbourne to return to office. Question: What did the Queen commission Sir Robert Peel to do? Answer: to form a new ministry Question: In what year did Melbourne resign? Answer: 1839 Question: Which party was Sir Robert Peel a part of? Answer: Tory Question: What is the name of crisis where the wives of the Tories were replacing the wives of the Whigs? Answer: bedchamber crisis Question: What year did Melbourne resign? Answer: 1839 Question: Who voted against the bill to end the constitution of Jamaica? Answer: Radicals and Tories Question: Who did the Queen commission to form a new ministry? Answer: Sir Robert Peel Question: Who returned to office after Peel resigned? Answer: Melbourne Question: The removal of the Queens bedchamber ladies became known as what? Answer: the bedchamber crisis Question: Who resigned their position in 1839? Answer: Melbourne Question: Why did the Radicals and Tories oppose the bill about the constitution of Jamaica? Answer: The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery. Question: What Tory did Victoria commision after Melbourne resigned his postion? Answer: Sir Robert Peel Question: After Queen Victoria refuse to replace her ladies with wives of Tories, what did Sir Robert Peel do? Answer: resigned his commission Question: Who did Victoria reappoint to the position after the Bedchamber Crisis? Answer: Melbourne Question: What did the Radicals and Tories do that made Melbourne resign? Answer: voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica Question: Which group was resisting the abolisment of slavery and were subsequently removed from power when the bill was voted down? Answer: plantation owners Question: Who did Robert Peel want to replace the ladies of the bedchamber with, instead of wives of Whigs? Answer: wives of Tories Question: Why did Peel resign his comission? Answer: Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen Question: Who returned to office after Peel resigned? Answer: Melbourne Question: What did the King commission Sir Robert Peel to do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Melbourne get hired? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which party wasn't Sir Robert Peel a part of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of crisis where the husbands of the Tories were replacing the wives of the Whigs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who voted for the bill to end the constitution of Jamaica? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Magic was practiced widely, and these too, were a continuation from earlier times. Throughout the Hellenistic world, people would consult oracles, and use charms and figurines to deter misfortune or to cast spells. Also developed in this era was the complex system of astrology, which sought to determine a person's character and future in the movements of the sun, moon, and planets. Astrology was widely associated with the cult of Tyche (luck, fortune), which grew in popularity during this period. Question: How would people ward off misfortune in Hellenistic times? Answer: charms Question: What is the complex system based on the sun, moon, and planets movements that determine your personality? Answer: astrology Question: Astrology was associated with which cult? Answer: Tyche Question: What does Tyche mean? Answer: luck Question: What was the trajectory of Astrology during Hellenistic times? Answer: grew
Context: The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers. Beginning in 1814, the paper was printed on the new steam-driven cylinder press developed by Friedrich Koenig. In 1815, The Times had a circulation of 5,000. Question: In 1815, The Times had a circulation of how many people? Answer: 5,000 Question: Beginning in 1814, The Times was printed using what new kind of press? Answer: steam-driven cylinder press Question: The Times used contributions from significant figures to build what? Answer: reputation Question: Who developed the new press type in 1814 for The Times? Answer: Friedrich Koenig
Context: This trend for the king to rely on his own men at the expense of the barons was exacerbated by the tradition of Angevin royal ira et malevolentia – "anger and ill-will" – and John's own personality. From Henry II onwards, ira et malevolentia had come to describe the right of the king to express his anger and displeasure at particular barons or clergy, building on the Norman concept of malevoncia – royal ill-will. In the Norman period, suffering the king's ill-will meant difficulties in obtaining grants, honours or petitions; Henry II had infamously expressed his fury and ill-will towards Thomas Becket; this ultimately resulted in Becket's death. John now had the additional ability to "cripple his vassals" on a significant scale using his new economic and judicial measures, which made the threat of royal anger all the more serious. Question: Who did Henry II express his fury and ill-will towards? Answer: Thomas Becket Question: What was exacerbated by the tradition of Angevin royal ira et malevolentia? Answer: the king to rely on his own men at the expense of the barons Question: John had to additional ability to do what? Answer: cripple his vassals
Context: While the majority of flowers are perfect or hermaphrodite (having both pollen and ovule producing parts in the same flower structure), flowering plants have developed numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms to reduce or prevent self-fertilization. Heteromorphic flowers have short carpels and long stamens, or vice versa, so animal pollinators cannot easily transfer pollen to the pistil (receptive part of the carpel). Homomorphic flowers may employ a biochemical (physiological) mechanism called self-incompatibility to discriminate between self and non-self pollen grains. In other species, the male and female parts are morphologically separated, developing on different flowers. Question: What sexual feature do a majority of flowers demonstrate? Answer: hermaphrodite Question: Why did flowering plants develop numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms? Answer: reduce or prevent self-fertilization Question: Why are a heteromorphic flower's carpels and stamens different lengths? Answer: so animal pollinators cannot easily transfer pollen to the pistil Question: What type of mechanism might homomorphic flowers use to tell the difference between foreign and self pollen grains? Answer: biochemical Question: How are some male and female parts separated for some species? Answer: different flowers Question: What feature do a majority of biochemical mechanisms have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do hermaphrodite flowers use to discriminate between self and non-self pollination? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens to male and female parts of carpels that are hermaphrodites? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did long stamens develop numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do homomorphic flowers have to make it harder to be pollinated by animals? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Despite the Dutch presence in Indonesia for almost 350 years, as the Asian bulk of the Dutch East Indies, the Dutch language has no official status there and the small minority that can speak the language fluently are either educated members of the oldest generation, or employed in the legal profession, as some legal codes are still only available in Dutch. Dutch is taught in various educational centres in Indonesia, the most important of which is the Erasmus Language Centre (ETC) in Jakarta. Each year, some 1,500 to 2,000 students take Dutch courses there. In total, several thousand Indonesians study Dutch as a foreign language. Owing to centuries of Dutch rule in Indonesia, many old documents are written in Dutch. Many universities therefore include Dutch as a source language, mainly for law and history students. In Indonesia this involves about 35,000 students. Question: For how long have there been Dutch speakers in Indonesia? Answer: almost 350 years Question: In what profession is Dutch often required in the Dutch East Indies? Answer: the legal profession Question: What institution in Jakarta still teaches Dutch? Answer: Erasmus Language Centre Question: About how many pupils in all of Indonesia study Dutch as part of their coursework? Answer: 35,000 Question: In addition to students pursuing law degrees, what other course of study often includes Dutch? Answer: history
Context: The assumption that black-body radiation is thermal leads to an accurate prediction: the total amount of emitted energy goes up with the temperature according to a definite rule, the Stefan–Boltzmann law (1879–84). But it was also known that the colour of the light given off by a hot object changes with the temperature, so that "white hot" is hotter than "red hot". Nevertheless, Wilhelm Wien discovered the mathematical relationship between the peaks of the curves at different temperatures, by using the principle of adiabatic invariance. At each different temperature, the curve is moved over by Wien's displacement law (1893). Wien also proposed an approximation for the spectrum of the object, which was correct at high frequencies (short wavelength) but not at low frequencies (long wavelength). It still was not clear why the spectrum of a hot object had the form that it has (see diagram). Question: What assumption that black-body radiation is what leads to an accurate prediction? Answer: thermal Question: What does the Stefan-Boltzmann law state? Answer: the total amount of emitted energy goes up with the temperature according to a definite rule Question: What about a hot object changes with the temperature? Answer: the colour of the light Question: What color is hotter than "red hot"? Answer: white hot Question: What did Wilhelm Wien discover? Answer: the mathematical relationship between the peaks of the curves at different temperatures Question: What rule predicts that emitted energy increases with temperature? Answer: the Stefan–Boltzmann law Question: What characteristic of the light emitted by a hot object changes with temperature? Answer: the colour of the light given off Question: Who discovered the mathematical relationship between peaks and curves of light at different temperatures? Answer: Wilhelm Wien Question: The rule that adjust the curve at different temperatures is known as what? Answer: Wien's displacement law Question: Wien's spectrum model could not predict accurate at what end of the spectrum? Answer: at low frequencies (long wavelength) Question: What do scientists assume black body radiation is never made from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What law describes the changes in light emitted by a frozen object? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What about a frozen object changes with the temperature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What rule predicts that emitted energy decreases with temperature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What law adjusts the curve at the same temperatures? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The board of directors has ultimate control over the organization, but typically an executive director is hired. In some cases, the board is elected by a membership, but commonly, the board of directors is self-perpetuating. In these "board-only" organizations, board members nominate new members and vote on their fellow directors nominations. Part VI, section A, question 7a of the Form 990 asks "members, stockholders, or other persons who had the power to elect or appoint one or more members of the governing body?". Question: Who is in control of the organization? Answer: board of directors Question: Who does the board hire to help with running the organization? Answer: executive director Question: How is the board of directors most often chosen? Answer: self-perpetuating Question: How is a board of directors less commonly chosen? Answer: elected by a membership Question: Where, on Form 990, does an organization have to list what type of board they have? Answer: Part VI, section A, question 7a Question: What does the executive director have ultimate control of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is the executive director commonly elected? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do board members do when they have an executive director? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the job status of an executive director? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does the executive director need to list what type of board the organization has? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2005, the Office of Fair Trading found fifty independent schools, including Eton, to have breached the Competition Act by "regularly and systematically" exchanging information about planned increases in school fees, which was collated and distributed among the schools by the bursar at Sevenoaks School. Following the investigation by the OFT, each school was required to pay around £70,000, totalling around £3.5 million, significantly less than the maximum possible fine. In addition, the schools together agreed to contribute another £3m to a new charitable educational fund. The incident raised concerns over whether the charitable status of independent schools such as Eton should be reconsidered, and perhaps revoked. However, Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that independent schools had always been exempt from anti-cartel rules applied to business, were following a long-established procedure in sharing the information with each other, and that they were unaware of the change to the law (on which they had not been consulted). She wrote to John Vickers, the OFT director-general, saying, "They are not a group of businessmen meeting behind closed doors to fix the price of their products to the disadvantage of the consumer. They are schools that have quite openly continued to follow a long-established practice because they were unaware that the law had changed." Question: Who defended fifty schools accused of price-sharing, stating they were unaware the laws had changed? Answer: Jean Scott Question: In what year was a group of independent schools found guilty of price-sharing? Answer: 2005 Question: How much did each school have to pay as punishment for price-sharing? Answer: £70,000, totalling around £3.5 million Question: What did the schools elect to contribute money towards, in light of their allegations? Answer: a new charitable educational fund Question: In what year did Sevenoaks School open its doors to students? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much was Eton fined by the Office of Fair Trading in 2005? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did Eton agree to contribute to the new charitable education fund? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How was the head of the Office of Fair Trading in 2005? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much does Eaton give to the Independent Schools Council each year? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Ongoing political tensions between Great Britain and the thirteen colonies reached a crisis in 1774 when the British placed the province of Massachusetts under martial law after the Patriots protested taxes they regarded as a violation of their constitutional rights as Englishmen. When shooting began at Lexington and Concord in April 1775, militia units from across New England rushed to Boston and bottled up the British in the city. The Continental Congress appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief of the newly created Continental Army, which was augmented throughout the war by colonial militia. He drove the British out of Boston but in late summer 1776 they returned to New York and nearly captured Washington's army. Meanwhile, the revolutionaries expelled British officials from the 13 states, and declared themselves an independent nation on July 4, 1776. Question: When did Britain declare martial law in a North American colony? Answer: 1774 Question: What colony was placed under martial law? Answer: Massachusetts Question: What were the first conflicts of the American Revolution? Answer: Lexington and Concord Question: Who appointed Washington to serve as commander in chief? Answer: The Continental Congress Question: When did the colonies declare independence? Answer: July 4, 1776 Question: When did Britain declare martial law in a South American colony? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What colony wasn't placed under martial law? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the second conflicts of the American Revolution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who rejected Washington to serve as commander in chief? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the colonies declare dependence? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The southern portion of the Point Loma peninsula was set aside for military purposes as early as 1852. Over the next several decades the Army set up a series of coastal artillery batteries and named the area Fort Rosecrans. Significant U.S. Navy presence began in 1901 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station in Point Loma, and expanded greatly during the 1920s. By 1930, the city was host to Naval Base San Diego, Naval Training Center San Diego, San Diego Naval Hospital, Camp Matthews, and Camp Kearny (now Marine Corps Air Station Miramar). The city was also an early center for aviation: as early as World War I, San Diego was proclaiming itself "The Air Capital of the West". The city was home to important airplane developers and manufacturers like Ryan Airlines (later Ryan Aeronautical), founded in 1925, and Consolidated Aircraft (later Convair), founded in 1923. Charles A. Lindbergh's plane The Spirit of St. Louis was built in San Diego in 1927 by Ryan Airlines. Question: What names was given to coastal artillery batteries erected shortly after 1852? Answer: Fort Rosecrans Question: What was the name of Charles A. Lindbergh's plane that was built in San Diego by Ryan Airlines? Answer: Spirit of St. Louis Question: What was the original name of today's Marine Corps Air Station Miramar? Answer: Camp Kearny Question: What branch of the military began to have a strong presence in San Diego in 1901? Answer: U.S. Navy Question: What airplane developer was founded in San Diego in 1923? Answer: Consolidated Aircraft Question: What names was given to coastal artillery batteries erected shortly after 1825? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of Charles A. Lindbergh's plane that was built in San Francisco by Ryan Airlines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the final name of today's Marine Corps Air Station Miramar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What branch of the military began to have a strong presence in San Diego in 1910? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What airplane developer was founded in San Diego in 1932? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Technicolor (formerly called Thomson Consumer Electronics) claims to control MP3 licensing of the Layer 3 patents in many countries, including the United States, Japan, Canada and EU countries. Technicolor has been actively enforcing these patents. Question: What was Technicolor's previous name? Answer: Thomson Consumer Electronics Question: What patent does Technicolor claim to control? Answer: Layer 3 Question: What are Technicolor constantly in the process of doing? Answer: actively enforcing these patents
Context: Valencia (/vəˈlɛnsiə/; Spanish: [baˈlenθja]), or València (Valencian: [vaˈlensia]), is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 1.5 million people. Valencia is Spain's third largest metropolitan area, with a population ranging from 1.7 to 2.5 million. The city has global city status. The Port of Valencia is the 5th busiest container port in Europe and the busiest container port on the Mediterranean Sea. Question: What country is Valencia in? Answer: Spain Question: What is the population of Valencia's urban area? Answer: 1.5 million Question: Where does Valencia rank among Spain's largest cities? Answer: third Question: What body of water is Valencia located on? Answer: the Mediterranean Sea Question: What is the city of Valencia the capital of? Answer: the autonomous community of Valencia
Context: Regarding the timing of German rapprochement, many historians agree that the dismissal of Maxim Litvinov, whose Jewish ethnicity was viewed unfavorably by Nazi Germany, removed an obstacle to negotiations with Germany. Stalin immediately directed Molotov to "purge the ministry of Jews." Given Litvinov's prior attempts to create an anti-fascist coalition, association with the doctrine of collective security with France and Britain, and pro-Western orientation by the standards of the Kremlin, his dismissal indicated the existence of a Soviet option of rapprochement with Germany.[f] Likewise, Molotov's appointment served as a signal to Germany that the USSR was open to offers. The dismissal also signaled to France and Britain the existence of a potential negotiation option with Germany. One British official wrote that Litvinov's disappearance also meant the loss of an admirable technician or shock-absorber, while Molotov's "modus operandi" was "more truly Bolshevik than diplomatic or cosmopolitan." Carr argued that the Soviet Union's replacement of Foreign Minister Litvinov with Molotov on May 3, 1939 indicated not an irrevocable shift towards alignment with Germany, but rather was Stalin's way of engaging in hard bargaining with the British and the French by appointing a proverbial hard man, namely Molotov, to the Foreign Commissariat. Historian Albert Resis stated that the Litvinov dismissal gave the Soviets freedom to pursue faster-paced German negotiations, but that they did not abandon British–French talks. Derek Watson argued that Molotov could get the best deal with Britain and France because he was not encumbered with the baggage of collective security and could negotiate with Germany. Geoffrey Roberts argued that Litvinov's dismissal helped the Soviets with British–French talks, because Litvinov doubted or maybe even opposed such discussions. Question: Who was ordered to remove the Jews from the Ministry? Answer: Molotov Question: Who gave the order to remove the Jews from the Ministry? Answer: Stalin Question: Who believed that the firing of Litvinov allowed the Soviets to quicker negotiations with Germany? Answer: Derek Watson Question: Who believed that the hiring of Molotov would result in a better deal with the western countries? Answer: Geoffrey Roberts Question: Who was ordered to keep the Jews from the Ministry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who gave the order to keep the Jews from the Ministry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who never gave the order to remove the Jews from the Ministry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who believed that the hiring of Litvinov allowed the Soviets to quicker negotiations with Germany? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who believed that the firing of Molotov would result in a better deal with the western countries? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On September 10, 1987, after a lecture from hardliner Yegor Ligachev at the Politburo for allowing these two unsanctioned demonstrations in Moscow, Boris Yeltsin wrote a letter of resignation to Gorbachev, who had been holidaying on the Black Sea. Gorbachev was stunned – no one had ever voluntarily resigned from the Politburo. At the October 27, 1987, plenary meeting of the Central Committee, Yeltsin, frustrated that Gorbachev had not addressed any of the issues outlined in his resignation letter, criticized the slow pace of reform, servility to the general secretary, and opposition from Ligachev that had led to his (Yeltsin's) resignation. No one had ever addressed the Party leader so brazenly in front of the Central Committee since Leon Trotsky in the 1920s. In his reply, Gorbachev accused Yeltsin of "political immaturity" and "absolute irresponsibility." No one backed Yeltsin. Question: Who disagreed vocally about the demonstrations being permitted? Answer: Yegor Ligachev Question: Who resigned in September of 1987? Answer: Boris Yeltsin Question: What was Gorbachev's reaction to Yeltsin's resignation? Answer: stunned Question: What did Yeltsin dislike about the reforms? Answer: slow pace Question: Who took Yeltsin's side? Answer: No one
Context: Since 1965, following clashes between the two communities, the Turkish Cypriot seats in the House remain vacant. In 1974 Cyprus was divided de facto when the Turkish army occupied the northern third of the island. The Turkish Cypriots subsequently declared independence in 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus but were recognised only by Turkey. In 1985 the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections. The United Nations recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the entire island of Cyprus. Question: In what years was Cyprus divided? Answer: 1974 Question: Which part of Cyprus was occupied by the Turkish army? Answer: northern third of the island Question: In 1983, Turkish Cypriots declared what? Answer: independence Question: What organization recognizes the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus? Answer: The United Nations
Context: In the precolonial era, the area of present-day New York City was inhabited by various bands of Algonquian tribes of Native Americans, including the Lenape, whose homeland, known as Lenapehoking, included Staten Island; the western portion of Long Island, including the area that would become Brooklyn and Queens; Manhattan; the Bronx; and the Lower Hudson Valley. Question: What was the name of the Lenape homeland? Answer: Lenapehoking
Context: The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with high variation between summer and winter in terms of both temperature and rainfall. The temperature varies from 46 °C (115 °F) in summers to around 0 °C (32 °F) in winters. The area's version of a humid subtropical climate is noticeably different from many other cities with this climate classification in that it features long and very hot summers, relatively dry and mild winters, a monsoonal period, and dust storms. Summers are long, extending from early April to October, with the monsoon season occurring in the middle of the summer. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. The annual mean temperature is around 25 °C (77 °F); monthly daily mean temperatures range from approximately 14 to 34 °C (57 to 93 °F). New Delhi's highest temperature ever recorded is 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) while the lowest temperature ever recorded is −3.2 °C (26.2 °F). Those for Delhi metropolis stand at 49.9 °C (121.8 °F) and −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) respectively. The average annual rainfall is 784 millimetres (30.9 in), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August. Question: In what type of climate is New Delhi located? Answer: subtropical climate Question: Between which months do New Delhi's long summers last? Answer: April to October Question: When does the monsoon season occur in New Delhi? Answer: the middle of the summer Question: What is the annual mean temperature of New Delhi? Answer: 25 °C (77 °F) Question: What is the highest ever recorded temperature in New Delhi? Answer: 49.1 °C (120.4 °F)
Context: While royal assent has not been withheld in the United Kingdom since 1708, it has often been withheld in British colonies and former colonies by governors acting on royal instructions. In the United States Declaration of Independence, colonists complained that George III "has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good [and] has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them." Even after colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland were granted responsible government, the British government continued to sometimes advise governors-general on the granting of assent; assent was also occasionally reserved to allow the British government to examine a bill before advising the governor-general. Question: Which year was royal assent last withheld in the UK? Answer: 1708 Question: The United States Declaration of Independence mentions which British monarch? Answer: George III Question: What did the American colonies accuse the monarch of? Answer: refused his Assent to Laws Question: In what year was royal assent last witheld in the UK? Answer: 1708 Question: Who continued to advise governors-general of granting of assent, even after their colonies had responsible government? Answer: the British government Question: To whom did the British government occasionally still advice on the royal assent, although they had their own responsible governments? Answer: colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland Question: Royal assent has been withheld in the UK since what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: US colonists complained the George II had refused what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which countries were not granted a responsible government? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Assent is never reserved to allow the British government to examine what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 2 March 2009, however, Vieira was assassinated by what preliminary reports indicated to be a group of soldiers avenging the death of the head of joint chiefs of staff, General Batista Tagme Na Wai. Tagme died in an explosion on Sunday, 1 March 2009, target of an assassination. Military leaders in the country pledged to respect the constitutional order of succession. National Assembly Speaker Raimundo Pereira was appointed as an interim president until a nationwide election on 28 June 2009. It was won by Malam Bacai Sanhá. Question: Who was assassinated on 2 March 2009? Answer: Vieira Question: Who was assassinated on 1 March 2009? Answer: General Batista Tagme Na Wai Question: Who pledged to respect the constitutional order of succession? Answer: Military leaders Question: Who was appointed interim president? Answer: Raimundo Pereira Question: Who won the election in June 2009? Answer: Malam Bacai Sanhá
Context: Research focusing on sexual orientation uses scales of assessment to identify who belongs in which sexual population group. It is assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation. However, it is difficult to determine an individual's sexual orientation through scales of assessment, due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation. Generally, there are three components of sexual orientation used in assessment. Their definitions and examples of how they may be assessed are as follows: Question: How does research identify sexual population groups? Answer: scales of assessment Question: What is the understanding of the scales used? Answer: to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation Question: Why might the scales fail? Answer: due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation Question: How many components are used in assessment? Answer: three components Question: What does the research on sexual orientation use to determine who belongs in which sexual populaiton group? Answer: scales of assessment Question: What is the general idea regading these scales that are used? Answer: assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation. Question: What can cause problems with these scales that are used? Answer: ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation Question: How many components are used in an assessment? Answer: there are three components of sexual orientation
Context: Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the 136-acre (0.55 km2) former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus in West Haven, Connecticut, the buildings of which are now used as laboratory and research space. Yale also owns seven forests in Connecticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the largest of which is the 7,840-acre (31.7 km2) Yale-Myers Forest in Connecticut's Quiet Corner—and nature preserves including Horse Island. Question: Where does Yale own 500 acres of athletic facilities? Answer: western New Haven Question: What campus did Yale buy in 2008? Answer: former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus Question: What is the former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for? Answer: laboratory and research space Question: How many forests does Yale own? Answer: seven Question: How big is the largest forest in Yale's possession? Answer: 7,840-acre Question: Where does Yale own 5000 acres of athletic facilities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What campus did Yale buy in 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the current Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many forests doesn't Yale own? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How big is the smallest forest in Yale's possession? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Her tenth studio album, Confessions on a Dance Floor, was released in November 2005. Musically the album was structured like a club set composed by a DJ. It was acclaimed by critics, with Keith Caulfield from Billboard commenting that the album was a "welcome return to form for the Queen of Pop." The album won a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album. Confessions on a Dance Floor and its lead single, "Hung Up", went on to reach number one in 40 and 41 countries respectively, earning a place in Guinness World Records. The song contained a sample of ABBA's "Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)", only the second time that ABBA has allowed their work to be used. ABBA songwriter Björn Ulvaeus remarked "It is a wonderful track—100 per cent solid pop music." "Sorry", the second single, became Madonna's twelfth number-one single in the UK. Question: What was the name of Madonna's tenth studio album? Answer: Confessions on a Dance Floor Question: When was Confessions on a Dance Floor released? Answer: November 2005 Question: Which award the the album win? Answer: Grammy Award Question: Which pop group allowed Madonna to sing a cover of their song Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! Answer: ABBA Question: What was the name of the single that was Madonna's twelfth number one hit in the UK? Answer: Sorry
Context: In an essay on Sephardi Jewry, Daniel Elazar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs summarized the demographic history of Ashkenazi Jews in the last thousand years, noting that at the end of the 11th century, 97% of world Jewry was Sephardic and 3% Ashkenazi; by the end of XVI century, the: 'Treaty on the redemption of captives', by Gracian of the God's Mother, Mercy Priest, who was imprisoned by Turks, cites a Tunisian Hebrew, made captive when arriving to Gaeta, who aided others with money, named: 'Simon Escanasi', in the mid-17th century, "Sephardim still outnumbered Ashkenazim three to two", but by the end of the 18th century, "Ashkenazim outnumbered Sephardim three to two, the result of improved living conditions in Christian Europe versus the Ottoman Muslim world." By 1931, Ashkenazi Jews accounted for nearly 92% of world Jewry. These factors are sheer demography showing the migration patterns of Jews from Southern and Western Europe to Central and Eastern Europe. Question: According to Daniel Elazar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, at the end of the 11th century, what percentage of the world's Jewry was Sephardic? Answer: 97% Question: According to Daniel Elazar at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, at the end of the 11th century, what percentage of the world's Jewry was Ashkenazi? Answer: 3% Question: By 1931, Ashkenazi Jews were what percentage of the world Jewry? Answer: 92%
Context: Metropolitan Kathmandu is divided into five sectors: the Central Sector, the East Sector, the North Sector, the City Core and the West Sector. For civic administration, the city is further divided into 35 administrative wards. The Council administers the Metropolitan area of Kathmandu city through its 177 elected representatives and 20 nominated members. It holds biannual meetings to review, process and approve the annual budget and make major policy decisions. The ward's profile documents for the 35 wards prepared by the Kathmandu Metropolitan Council is detailed and provides information for each ward on population, the structure and condition of houses, the type of roads, educational, health and financial institutions, entertainment facilities, parking space, security provisions, etc. It also includes lists of development projects completed, on-going and planned, along with informative data about the cultural heritage, festivals, historical sites and the local inhabitants. Ward 16 is the largest, with an area of 437.4 ha; ward 26 is the smallest, with an area of 4 ha. Question: How many sectors make up the Kathmandu metropolitan area? Answer: five Question: What sector of Kathmandu doesn't have the word 'sector' in its name? Answer: City Core Question: What is the purpose of Kathmandu being divided into 35 wards? Answer: civic administration Question: How many members of the Council received their positions via nomination rather than election? Answer: 20 Question: How many hectares in size is Kathmandu's ward 26? Answer: 4
Context: The increased consumption of reading materials of all sorts was one of the key features of the "social" Enlightenment. Developments in the Industrial Revolution allowed consumer goods to be produced in greater quantities at lower prices, encouraging the spread of books, pamphlets, newspapers and journals – "media of the transmission of ideas and attitudes". Commercial development likewise increased the demand for information, along with rising populations and increased urbanisation. However, demand for reading material extended outside of the realm of the commercial, and outside the realm of the upper and middle classes, as evidenced by the Bibliothèque Bleue. Literacy rates are difficult to gauge, but in France at least, the rates doubled over the course of the 18th century. Reflecting the decreasing influence of religion, the number of books about science and art published in Paris doubled from 1720 to 1780, while the number of books about religion dropped to just one-tenth of the total. Question: The increased consumption of what type of material was one of the key features of the "social" Enlightenment? Answer: reading materials Question: Developments in which revolution allowed consumer goods to be produced in greater quantities at lower prices? Answer: the Industrial Revolution Question: In additional to rising populations and increased urbanisation, what else did Commercial development increase the need for? Answer: demand for information Question: In what country did literacy rates double over the course of the 18th century? Answer: France Question: The number of books about religion in Paris from 1720 to 1780 dropped by what percentage? Answer: just one-tenth of the total
Context: Tourism also composes a large part of Boston's economy, with 21.2 million domestic and international visitors spending $8.3 billion in 2011; excluding visitors from Canada and Mexico, over 1.4 million international tourists visited Boston in 2014, with those from China and the United Kingdom leading the list. Boston's status as a state capital as well as the regional home of federal agencies has rendered law and government to be another major component of the city's economy. The city is a major seaport along the United States' East Coast and the oldest continuously operated industrial and fishing port in the Western Hemisphere. Question: A large part of Boston's economy is made up of what? Answer: Tourism Question: How many tourists visited Boston in 2011? Answer: 21.2 million Question: How much did tourists spend in Boston in 2011? Answer: $8.3 billion Question: What year did the number of Tourists from china and the UK top the list? Answer: 2014
Context: Kenneth Gergen formulated additional classifications, which include the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self. The strategic manipulator is a person who begins to regard all senses of identity merely as role-playing exercises, and who gradually becomes alienated from his or her social "self". The pastiche personality abandons all aspirations toward a true or "essential" identity, instead viewing social interactions as opportunities to play out, and hence become, the roles they play. Finally, the relational self is a perspective by which persons abandon all sense of exclusive self, and view all sense of identity in terms of social engagement with others. For Gergen, these strategies follow one another in phases, and they are linked to the increase in popularity of postmodern culture and the rise of telecommunications technology. Question: Who formulated the classifications of strategic manipulator, pastiche personality and the relational self? Answer: Kenneth Gergen Question: In what classification is a person who regards all experiences are role play and becomes alienated from his or her social self? Answer: The strategic manipulator Question: In what classification is a person who gives up the chance for a true self and adopts social perceptions of him or herself? Answer: The pastiche personality Question: In what classification is a person who gives up their exclusive sense of self and defines him or herself only in terms of social engagement? Answer: the relational self Question: The strategic manipulator, pastiche personality, and relational self are linked to the rise of what culture? Answer: postmodern culture Question: Who formulated all new classifications? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What classifications did Kenneth Gregen eliminate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of person sees all of life is a role-playing exercise? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of person embraces all aspirations towards a true or essential identity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What perspective embraces individual self and abandoned social engagements? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The term "Late Middle Ages" refers to one of the three periods of the Middle Ages, along with the Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages. Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodization in his History of the Florentine People (1442). Flavio Biondo used a similar framework in Decades of History from the Deterioration of the Roman Empire (1439–1453). Tripartite periodization became standard after the German historian Christoph Cellarius published Universal History Divided into an Ancient, Medieval, and New Period (1683). Question: Along with the Late Middle Ages, what are the other two period of the Middle Ages? Answer: Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages Question: When was Leonardo Bruni's "History of the Florentine People" published? Answer: 1442 Question: What is the name for the division of the periods of history introduced by Bruni? Answer: tripartite periodization Question: Who was the author of "Decades of History from the Deterioration of the Roman Empire Answer: Flavio Biondo Question: What 1683 work resulted in the standard use of tripartite periodization? Answer: Universal History Divided into an Ancient, Medieval, and New Period Question: Along with the Late Middle Ages, what are the other three period of the Middle Ages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Leonardo Bruni's "History of the Florentine People" unpublished? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't the name for the division of the periods of history introduced by Bruni? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the reader of "Decades of History from the Deterioration of the Roman Empire Answer: Unanswerable Question: What 1863 work resulted in the standard use of tripartite periodization? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Among the oldest surviving examples of Nizam architecture in Hyderabad is the Chowmahalla Palace, which was the seat of royal power. It showcases a diverse array of architectural styles, from the Baroque Harem to its Neoclassical royal court. The other palaces include Falaknuma Palace (inspired by the style of Andrea Palladio), Purani Haveli, King Kothi and Bella Vista Palace all of which were built at the peak of Nizam rule in the 19th century. During Mir Osman Ali Khan's rule, European styles, along with Indo-Islamic, became prominent. These styles are reflected in the Falaknuma Palace and many civic monuments such as the Hyderabad High Court, Osmania Hospital, Osmania University, the State Central Library, City College, the Telangana Legislature, the State Archaeology Museum, Jubilee Hall, and Hyderabad and Kachiguda railway stations. Other landmarks of note are Paigah Palace, Asman Garh Palace, Basheer Bagh Palace, Errum Manzil and the Spanish Mosque, all constructed by the Paigah family.:16–17 Question: The Chowmahalla Palace represents what type of architecture? Answer: Nizam architecture Question: The royal court of Chowmahalla palace is an example what style of architecture? Answer: Neoclassical Question: Which palace in Hyderabad did the work of Andrea Palladio influence? Answer: Falaknuma Palace Question: What century was Bella Vista Palace built? Answer: 19th century Question: Which family constructed the Basheer Bagh Palace? Answer: Paigah family
Context: Bacteria are further divided into lithotrophs that use inorganic electron donors and organotrophs that use organic compounds as electron donors. Chemotrophic organisms use the respective electron donors for energy conservation (by aerobic/anaerobic respiration or fermentation) and biosynthetic reactions (e.g., carbon dioxide fixation), whereas phototrophic organisms use them only for biosynthetic purposes. Respiratory organisms use chemical compounds as a source of energy by taking electrons from the reduced substrate and transferring them to a terminal electron acceptor in a redox reaction. This reaction releases energy that can be used to synthesise ATP and drive metabolism. In aerobic organisms, oxygen is used as the electron acceptor. In anaerobic organisms other inorganic compounds, such as nitrate, sulfate or carbon dioxide are used as electron acceptors. This leads to the ecologically important processes of denitrification, sulfate reduction, and acetogenesis, respectively. Question: What do lithotrophs use ? Answer: inorganic electron donors Question: What type of electron donors organotrophs use? Answer: organic compounds Question: What do respiratory organisms use as electron donors? Answer: chemical compounds Question: In what organisms is oxygen used as eelectron acceptor? Answer: anaerobic organisms
Context: Believers in Pashupatinath (mainly Hindus) are allowed to enter the temple premises, but non-Hindu visitors are allowed to view the temple only from the across the Bagmati River. The priests who perform the services at this temple have been Brahmins from Karnataka, South India since the time of Malla king Yaksha Malla. This tradition is believed to have been started at the request of Adi Shankaracharya who sought to unify the states of Bharatam (Unified India) by encouraging cultural exchange. This procedure is followed in other temples around India, which were sanctified by Adi Shankaracharya. Question: What people make up the majority of Pashupatinath followers? Answer: Hindus Question: In what part of India do the Pashupatinath priests originate? Answer: South Question: What dynasty did Yaksha Malla belong to? Answer: Malla Question: Who supposedly encouraged the usage of Karnataka Brahmin priests at Pashupatinath Temple? Answer: Adi Shankaracharya Question: What is another term for Bharatam? Answer: Unified India
Context: With the rise of disco in the US and punk rock in the UK, hard rock's mainstream dominance was rivalled toward the later part of the decade. Disco appealed to a more diverse group of people and punk seemed to take over the rebellious role that hard rock once held. Early punk bands like The Ramones explicitly rebelled against the drum solos and extended guitar solos that characterised stadium rock, with almost all of their songs clocking in around two minutes with no guitar solos. However, new rock acts continued to emerge and record sales remained high into the 1980s. 1977 saw the début and rise to stardom of Foreigner, who went on to release several platinum albums through to the mid-1980s. Midwestern groups like Kansas, REO Speedwagon and Styx helped further cement heavy rock in the Midwest as a form of stadium rock. In 1978, Van Halen emerged from the Los Angeles music scene with a sound based around the skills of lead guitarist Eddie Van Halen. He popularised a guitar-playing technique of two-handed hammer-ons and pull-offs called tapping, showcased on the song "Eruption" from the album Van Halen, which was highly influential in re-establishing hard rock as a popular genre after the punk and disco explosion, while also redefining and elevating the role of electric guitar. Question: What two genres made inroads on hard rock in the 1970s? Answer: disco in the US and punk rock in the UK Question: What punk band's songs rarely exceeded two minutes in length? Answer: The Ramones Question: What were three midwestern hard rock bands? Answer: Kansas, REO Speedwagon and Styx Question: What city was Van Halen originally from? Answer: Los Angeles Question: Which Van Halen instrumental showcased the guitar mastery of Eddie Van Halen? Answer: "Eruption" Question: What did hard rock replace as a mainstream genre? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the punk band The Ramones embrace as part of their music? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What San Francisco band utilized the skills of guitarist Eddie Van Halen? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What album is the showcase song Van Halen from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was highly influential in creating the popularity of punk and disco music? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There are many missionary groups operating in the country, including Lutherans, Baptists, Catholics, Grace Brethren, and Jehovah's Witnesses. While these missionaries are predominantly from the United States, France, Italy, and Spain, many are also from Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and other African countries. Large numbers of missionaries left the country when fighting broke out between rebel and government forces in 2002–3, but many of them have now returned to continue their work. Question: What religious groups operate in CAR? Answer: missionary groups Question: Where do most of the missionaries come from? Answer: United States Question: What caused most of the missionaries to leave the country? Answer: when fighting broke out between rebel and government forces Question: What African country bordering CAR are some of these missionaries from? Answer: Democratic Republic of the Congo Question: When did fighting break out in CAR? Answer: 2002–3 Question: During what time did government forces leave the country when there was fighting between rebels and the government? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are many rebel groups in operation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of missionary groups are mostly from Nigeria? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened while Nigerians continued to work in the country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have rebel forces done after the fighting in 2002-3? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Popper left school at the age of 16 and attended lectures in mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology and the history of music as a guest student at the University of Vienna. In 1919, Popper became attracted by Marxism and subsequently joined the Association of Socialist School Students. He also became a member of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria, which was at that time a party that fully adopted the Marxist ideology. After the street battle in the Hörlgasse on 15 June 1919, when police shot eight of his unarmed party comrades, he became disillusioned by what he saw to be the "pseudo-scientific" historical materialism of Marx, abandoned the ideology, and remained a supporter of social liberalism throughout his life. Question: At which age did Popper first attend university? Answer: 16 Question: What political doctrine interested Popper in 1919? Answer: Marxism Question: Which Austrian political party did Popper join as a youth? Answer: Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria Question: What incident killed several of Poppers Marxist political comrades? Answer: street battle in the Hörlgasse Question: To which political philosophy did Popper continue to adhere after moving away from Marxism? Answer: social liberalism Question: What age did Popper enter school? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Popper become disillusioned by social liberalism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What subject did Popper never attend a lecture on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What party rejected Marxist ideology at the time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many police were shot in the street battle of Horlgasse? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, Murdoch stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from exercising editorial control. Question: In what year was the meeting of the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications that was investigating media ownership and the news? Answer: 2007 Question: In the 2007 meeting with the government, Rupert Murdoch, owner of The Times, stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from doing what? Answer: exercising editorial control Question: What government committee was investigating Rupert Murdoch and The Times in 2007? Answer: House of Lords Select Committee on Communications
Context: Public institutions of higher education in Charleston include the College of Charleston (the nation's 13th-oldest university), The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The city is also home to private universities, including the Charleston School of Law . Charleston is also home to the Roper Hospital School of Practical Nursing, and the city has a downtown satellite campus for the region's technical school, Trident Technical College. Charleston is also the location for the only college in the country that offers bachelor's degrees in the building arts, The American College of the Building Arts. The Art Institute of Charleston, located downtown on North Market Street, opened in 2007. Question: What is the nation's 13th-oldest university? Answer: College of Charleston Question: Where is the Art Institute of Charleston located? Answer: downtown on North Market Street Question: What year did the Art institute of Charleston open? Answer: 2007 Question: What Charleston College offers a degree in Building Arts? Answer: The American College of the Building Arts Question: What Technical college have a campus at downtown Charleston? Answer: Trident Technical College Question: What is the nation's 12th-oldest university? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where isn't the Art Institute of Charleston located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the Art institute of Charleston close? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Charleston College offers no degree in Building Arts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Technical college have a campus at uptown Charleston? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A definition of "matter" more fine-scale than the atoms and molecules definition is: matter is made up of what atoms and molecules are made of, meaning anything made of positively charged protons, neutral neutrons, and negatively charged electrons. This definition goes beyond atoms and molecules, however, to include substances made from these building blocks that are not simply atoms or molecules, for example white dwarf matter—typically, carbon and oxygen nuclei in a sea of degenerate electrons. At a microscopic level, the constituent "particles" of matter such as protons, neutrons, and electrons obey the laws of quantum mechanics and exhibit wave–particle duality. At an even deeper level, protons and neutrons are made up of quarks and the force fields (gluons) that bind them together (see Quarks and leptons definition below). Question: What is made out of negatively charged protons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of charge do atoms have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: This definition does not include what type of matter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is located in a sea of protons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are made up of leptons? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Extending across the north and south side of the Alps in west-central Europe, Switzerland encompasses a great diversity of landscapes and climates on a limited area of 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi). The population is about 8 million, resulting in an average population density of around 195 people per square kilometre (500/sq mi). The more mountainous southern half of the country is far more sparsely populated than the northern half. In the largest Canton of Graubünden, lying entirely in the Alps, population density falls to 27 /km² (70 /sq mi). Question: How large is Switzerland? Answer: 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi) Question: What is the average population density of Switzerland? Answer: 195 people per square kilometre (500/sq mi) Question: What is the population density of the largest Canton of Graubunden, located in the Alps? Answer: 27 /km² (70 /sq mi) Question: Which half of Switzerland is more mountainous? Answer: southern Question: Which mountain range does Switzerland extend over on both the north and south sides? Answer: Alps
Context: Mexico has a large number of department stores based in Mexico, of which the most traditional are El Palacio de Hierro (High end and luxury goods) and Liverpool (Upper-middle income), with its middle income sister store Fabricas de Francia. Sanborns owns over 100 middle income level stores throughout the country. Grupo Carso operates Sears Mexico and two high-end Saks 5th Avenue stores. Other large chains are Coppel and Elektra, which offer items for the bargain price seeker. Wal-Mart operates Suburbia for lower income shoppers, along with stores under the brand names of Wal-Mart, Bodega Aurrera, and Superama. Question: What Mexican department store typically caters to high-end goods? Answer: El Palacio de Hierro Question: What company is responsible for over 100 stores in the country? Answer: Sanborns Question: What company operates Sears Mexico? Answer: Grupo Carso Question: What chains typically cater to bargain shoppers? Answer: Coppel and Elektra Question: What Mexican department store typically caters to low-end goods? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company is responsible for over 200 stores in the country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company isn't responsible for over 100 stores in the country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company rejects Sears Mexico? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What chains typically don't cater to bargain shoppers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Dominic's education at Palencia gave him the knowledge he needed to overcome the Manicheans. With charity, the other concept that most defines the work and spirituality of the order, study became the method most used by the Dominicans in working to defend the Church against the perils that hounded it, and also of enlarging its authority over larger areas of the known world. In Dominic's thinking, it was impossible for men to preach what they did not or could not understand. When the brethren left Prouille, then, to begin their apostolic work, Dominic sent Matthew of Paris to establish a school near the University of Paris. This was the first of many Dominican schools established by the brethren, some near large universities throughout Europe. Question: Dominic studied in what city? Answer: Palencia Question: Dominic's education helped him to overcome who? Answer: the Manicheans Question: What helps define the work of the Dominican Order? Answer: charity Question: In what city did Dominic establish a school? Answer: Paris Question: Who did Dominic entrust to start his school? Answer: Matthew of Paris Question: What city did Dominic not study in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the city of Palencia not give Dominic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What method was not used by the Dominicans in working to defend the Church against peril? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did not help define the work of the Dominican Order? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city did Dominic not establish a school? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: More recently, scientists have started to focus on measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal, by using brain-scanning techniques. A study on how heterosexual and homosexual men's brains react to seeing pictures of naked men and women has found that both hetero- and homosexual men react positively to seeing their preferred sex, using the same brain regions. The only significant group difference between these orientations was found in the amygdala, a brain region known to be involved in regulating fear. Question: What have scientists started spending the most time on? Answer: measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal Question: How do scientiest measure brain activity? Answer: by using brain-scanning techniques Question: How did both gay and straight men react to pictures of both naked men and women? Answer: positively Question: What was the only difference in the study between gay and straight men? Answer: The only significant group difference between these orientations was found in the amygdala, Question: What does the amygdala region of the brain do? Answer: known to be involved in regulating fear.
Context: Britain's first use of brass occurred around the 3rd–2nd century BC. In North America, copper mining began with marginal workings by Native Americans. Native copper is known to have been extracted from sites on Isle Royale with primitive stone tools between 800 and 1600. Copper metallurgy was flourishing in South America, particularly in Peru around 1000 AD; it proceeded at a much slower rate on other continents. Copper burial ornamentals from the 15th century have been uncovered, but the metal's commercial production did not start until the early 20th century. Question: When did Britain first use brass? Answer: 3rd–2nd century BC Question: Who were the first copper miners in North America? Answer: Native Americans Question: Where was native copper extracted with primitive tools between 800 and 1600? Answer: Isle Royale Question: What country had a strong copper production in 1000 AD Answer: Peru Question: When did commercial production of copper begin? Answer: early 20th century Question: When did Britain ban use of brass? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were the only copper miners in North America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was native copper hidden with primitive tools between 800 and 1600? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country stopped a strong copper production in 1000 AD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did commercial production of copper end? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: FBI Directors are appointed by the President of the United States. They must be confirmed by the United States Senate and serve a term of office of five years, with a maximum of ten years, if reappointed, unless they resign or are fired by the President before their term ends. J. Edgar Hoover, appointed by Calvin Coolidge in 1924, was by far the longest-serving director, serving until his death in 1972. In 1968, Congress passed legislation as part of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act Pub.L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197 that specified a 10-year limit, a maximum of two 5-year terms, for future FBI Directors, as well as requiring Senate confirmation of appointees. As the incumbent, this legislation did not apply to Hoover, only to his successors. The current FBI Director is James B. Comey, who was appointed in 2013 by Barack Obama. Question: Who appoints FBI directors? Answer: President of the United States Question: What legislative body confirms FBI directors? Answer: United States Senate Question: How long is the term of a FBI director? Answer: five years Question: What made Hoover stop serving as the FBI Director? Answer: his death Question: Who is the current FBI director? Answer: James B. Comey Question: Who appoints the President of the United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What legislative body confirms U.S. presidents? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long is the term of a U.S. president? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the shortest serving FBI director? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did FBI Director Comey resign? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Han Chinese Banners were made up of Han Chinese who defected to the Qing up to 1644 and joined the Eight Banners, giving them social and legal privileges in addition to being acculturated to Manchu culture. So many Han defected to the Qing and swelled the ranks of the Eight Banners that ethnic Manchus became a minority, making up only 16% in 1648, with Han Bannermen dominating at 75% and Mongol Bannermen making up the rest. This multi-ethnic force in which Manchus were only a minority conquered China for the Qing. Question: Who made up the Han Chinese Banners? Answer: Han Chinese Question: What percent of bannermen did the Han represent? Answer: 75% Question: Who besides the Manchus and the Han made up the Eight Banners? Answer: Mongol
Context: A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by teachers' unions. It spent $373 million on education in 2009. It has also donated to the two largest national teachers' unions. The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative. Question: what is a key aspect of the gates foundation in the US Answer: A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels Question: What do these efforts include Answer: including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs Question: how much did it spend in 2009 Answer: It spent $373 million on education in 2009. Question: It was an early backer of what Answer: The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative. Question: How much did teachers' unions spend on education in 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a key aspect of the Common Core State Standards U.S. efforts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group has donated to the two largest national charter schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Gates foundation spend on support for teacher evaluations in 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were teachers' unions the biggest early backer of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior Question: What are two other job titles of the Prime Minister of the UK? Answer: First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service Question: In addition to being Prime Minister, what other role did Winston Churchill serve during World War II? Answer: Minister of Defence Question: What are former titles once held by the Prime Minister of the UK? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What role did Winton Churchhill serve in during World War II rather than Prime Minister? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What roles did Benjamin Netanyahu serve in prior to serving on the cabinet of Israel? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Schwarzenegger continues to work out even today. When asked about his personal training during the 2011 Arnold Classic he said that he was still working out a half an hour with weights every day. Question: In 2011, how much time each day did Schwarzenegger say he lifted weights? Answer: half an hour
Context: Universal Primary Education is one of the eight international Millennium Development Goals, towards which progress has been made in the past decade, though barriers still remain. Securing charitable funding from prospective donors is one particularly persistent problem. Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute have indicated that the main obstacles to funding for education include conflicting donor priorities, an immature aid architecture, and a lack of evidence and advocacy for the issue. Additionally, Transparency International has identified corruption in the education sector as a major stumbling block to achieving Universal Primary Education in Africa. Furthermore, demand in the developing world for improved educational access is not as high as foreigners have expected. Indigenous governments are reluctant to take on the ongoing costs involved. There is also economic pressure from some parents, who prefer their children to earn money in the short term rather than work towards the long-term benefits of education.[citation needed] Question: What does Universal Primary Education belong to? Answer: international Millennium Development Goals Question: What is one issue that hurts Universal Primary Education? Answer: charitable funding Question: Which organization has discovered corruption in the educator sector? Answer: Transparency International Question: What does Universal Primary Education not belong to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one issue that helps Universal Primary Education? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which organization has not had corruption in the educator sector? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What parents do not give pressure to their children for schooling? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who should earn money in the long term instead of short term? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: An MP3 file is made up of MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Due to the "byte reservoir", frames are not independent items and cannot usually be extracted on arbitrary frame boundaries. The MP3 Data blocks contain the (compressed) audio information in terms of frequencies and amplitudes. The diagram shows that the MP3 Header consists of a sync word, which is used to identify the beginning of a valid frame. This is followed by a bit indicating that this is the MPEG standard and two bits that indicate that layer 3 is used; hence MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 or MP3. After this, the values will differ, depending on the MP3 file. ISO/IEC 11172-3 defines the range of values for each section of the header along with the specification of the header. Most MP3 files today contain ID3 metadata, which precedes or follows the MP3 frames, as noted in the diagram. Question: A header and data block together make up what? Answer: MP3 frames Question: What is a sequence of MP3 frames called? Answer: elementary stream Question: What is used to identify the begining of a valid frame of an MP3 header? Answer: dard Question: How many bits are needed to indicate that layer 3 is used? Answer: two Question: MP3 files today contain what kind of metadeta? Answer: ID3
Context: Himachal was one of the few states that had remained largely untouched by external customs, largely due to its difficult terrain. With the technological advancements the state has changed very rapidly. It is a multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states. Some of the most commonly spoken languages includes Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Mandyali, Gojri and Kinnauri. The caste communities residing in Himachal include the Khatri, Brahmins of the Hindu Faith and the Sikh Brahmin Caste Bhatra, Rajputs, Gujjars, Gaddis, Ghirth (choudhary), Kannets, Rathis and Kolis, Sood There are tribal populations in the state which mainly comprise Kinnars, Pangawals, Sulehria, and Lahaulis.The people Of Himachal Pradesh are very simple and live a traditional ´Pahari' lifestyle. Question: Who was largely untouched by external customs? Answer: Himachal Question: What has made the state change very rapidly? Answer: technological advancements Question: Himachal is? Answer: multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states Question: What are the common languages spoken? Answer: Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Mandyali, Gojri and Kinnauri Question: Who makes up the tribal populations? Answer: Kinnars, Pangawals, Sulehria, and Lahaulis Question: Why was Dogri untouched by external customs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has caused rapid changes in Gojri? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What aspects does Mandeali have like other Indian states? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some languages spoken in Gaddis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What groups comprise the tribal populations in Dogri? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with "relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim," and a total admixture estimate "very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%." This supported the finding that "Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors." "Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East," Richards said. Question: It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common with what other people? Answer: Middle Eastern peoples Question: It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are uncommon with what other people? Answer: uncommon in the general European population Question: The findings related to the Y-chromosomes suggest that males ancestors of Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to where? Answer: the Middle East
Context: The term Appalachian refers to several different regions associated with the mountain range. Most broadly, it refers to the entire mountain range with its surrounding hills and the dissected plateau region. The term is often used more restrictively to refer to regions in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains, usually including areas in the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, and North Carolina, as well as sometimes extending as far south as northern Alabama, Georgia and western South Carolina, and as far north as Pennsylvania, southern Ohio and parts of southern upstate New York. Question: What does the term Appalachian refer to? Answer: several different regions associated with the mountain range Question: What states comprise of the southern Appalachian mountains? Answer: Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, and North Carolina Question: What does the dissected plateau region refer to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which southern states are not referred to in the more restrictive understanding of Appalachian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The northern part of South Carolina is considered part of what limited definition? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What states are included when the region is extended to the west? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The population geneticist Sewall Wright developed one way of measuring genetic differences between populations known as the Fixation index, which is often abbreviated to FST. This statistic is often used in taxonomy to compare differences between any two given populations by measuring the genetic differences among and between populations for individual genes, or for many genes simultaneously. It is often stated that the fixation index for humans is about 0.15. This translates to an estimated 85% of the variation measured in the overall human population is found within individuals of the same population, and about 15% of the variation occurs between populations. These estimates imply that any two individuals from different populations are almost as likely to be more similar to each other than either is to a member of their own group. Richard Lewontin, who affirmed these ratios, thus concluded neither "race" nor "subspecies" were appropriate or useful ways to describe human populations. However, others have noticed that group variation was relatively similar to the variation observed in other mammalian species. Question: What did Sewall Wright develop one way of measuring? Answer: genetic differences between populations Question: What was Wright's method known as? Answer: the Fixation index Question: What is the often stated FST for humans? Answer: 0.15 Question: Richard Lewontin, upon looking at the FST ratios, concluded race wasn't an appropriate or useful way to describe what? Answer: human populations Question: Human group variation is similar to variation observed in what other species? Answer: mammalian
Context: BYU's social and cultural atmosphere is unique. The high rate of enrollment at the university by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (more than 98 percent) results in an amplification of LDS cultural norms; BYU was ranked by The Princeton Review in 2008 as 14th in the nation for having the happiest students and highest quality of life. However, the quirkiness and sometimes "too nice" culture is often caricatured, for example, in terms of marrying early and being very conservative. Question: How was BYU ranked by The Princeton Review for having the happiest students and highest quality of life in 2008? Answer: 14th in the nation Question: What parts of the sometimes "too nice" BYU culture is often caricatured? Answer: marrying early and being very conservative Question: What does BYU's high rate of enrollment by LDS members result in regarding LDS cultural norms? Answer: amplification of Question: What percentage of students belong to the LSD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Princeton Review rank LDS in 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Princeton Review point out about the "too nice" culture? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning "head of the government". In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minister" is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno). Question: What is the Russian term for prime minister? Answer: Chairman of the government Question: What is the Israeli term for prime minister? Answer: Rosh HaMemshalah Question: What is the term used in spain for prime minister? Answer: President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno) Question: What is the Irish term for prime minister? Answer: Taoiseach Question: Who is Chairmen of the government in Ireland? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another termfor Rosh HaMemshalah in Russia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2010, Boston was estimated to have 617,594 residents (a density of 12,200 persons/sq mile, or 4,700/km2) living in 272,481 housing units— a 5% population increase over 2000. The city is the third most densely populated large U.S. city of over half a million residents. Some 1.2 million persons may be within Boston's boundaries during work hours, and as many as 2 million during special events. This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events. Question: About what was the population of Boston in 2010? Answer: 617,594 Question: How many housing units were there in Boston in 2010? Answer: 272,481 Question: How many people are in Boston during work hours? Answer: 1.2 million Question: What can the population of Boston rech during special events? Answer: 2 million Question: What is the density of Boston's population? Answer: 12,200 persons/sq mile
Context: Some of the most important surviving works of Old English literature are Beowulf, an epic poem; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a record of early English history; the Franks Casket, an inscribed early whalebone artefact; and Cædmon's Hymn, a Christian religious poem. There are also a number of extant prose works, such as sermons and saints' lives, biblical translations, and translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers, legal documents, such as laws and wills, and practical works on grammar, medicine, and geography. Still, poetry is considered the heart of Old English literature. Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous, with a few exceptions, such as Bede and Cædmon. Cædmon, the earliest English poet we know by name, served as a lay brother in the monastery at Whitby. Question: What is an important Old English historical record? Answer: the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Question: What is an important Old English religious poem? Answer: Cædmon's Hymn Question: What type of literary work is Beowulf? Answer: an epic poem Question: Who is the earliest English poet known by name? Answer: Cædmon Question: Where did Cædmon live? Answer: Whitby Question: What is the oldest surviving Old English literature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle carved on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is considered the heart of world literature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who are usually well known among the Anglo-Saxons? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Burke believed the Government was not taking the uprising seriously enough, a view reinforced by a letter he had received from the Prince Charles of France (S.A.R. le comte d'Artois), dated 23 October, requesting that he intercede on behalf of the royalists to the Government. Burke was forced to reply on 6 November: "I am not in His Majesty's Service; or at all consulted in his Affairs". Burke published his Remarks on the Policy of the Allies with Respect to France, begun in October, where he said: "I am sure every thing has shewn us that in this war with France, one Frenchman is worth twenty foreigners. La Vendée is a proof of this". Question: When did Prince Charles write to Burke? Answer: 23 October Question: How many foreign supporters did Burke think a French royalist was worth? Answer: twenty Question: What did Burke see as proof of the importance of French royalists? Answer: La Vendée Question: What country was Prince Charles part of the ruling family of? Answer: France Question: In what writing did Burke comment about the importance of La Vendee? Answer: Remarks on the Policy of the Allies with Respect to France Question: Who thought Burke was not taking the uprising seriously? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many foreigners did Burke say twenty Frenchman were worth? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What region did Prince Charles use to back up his points? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Burke enter His Majesty's Service? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who told Burke Frenchman were worth more than foreigners? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Typical stringed instruments of the early period include the harp, lute, vielle, and psaltery, while wind instruments included the flute family (including recorder), shawm (an early member of the oboe family), trumpet, and the bagpipes. Simple pipe organs existed, but were largely confined to churches, although there were portable varieties. Later in the period, early versions of keyboard instruments like the clavichord and harpsichord began to appear. Stringed instruments such as the viol had emerged by the 16th century, as had a wider variety of brass and reed instruments. Printing enabled the standardization of descriptions and specifications of instruments, as well as instruction in their use. Question: The record is part of what wind family? Answer: the flute family Question: The sahwm was an early family member of what instrument? Answer: the oboe Question: Where were the first pipe organs confined to? Answer: churches Question: When had the viol emerged by? Answer: the 16th century Question: What enabled descriptions and specification of instruments? Answer: Printing
Context: In terms of school casualties, thousands of school children died due to shoddy construction. In Mianyang City, seven schools collapsed, burying at least 1,700 people. At least 7,000 school buildings throughout the province collapsed. Another 700 students were buried in a school in Hanwang. At least 600 students and staff died at Juyuan Elementary School. Up to 1,300 children and teachers died at Beichuan Middle School. Question: How many school children died due to shoddy construction? Answer: thousands Question: How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City? Answer: seven Question: How many people were buried in the collapsed schools? Answer: 1,700 Question: How many school buildings collapsed in the province? Answer: 7,000 Question: How many students were buried in a school in Hanwang? Answer: 700 Question: What caused the deaths of many school children? Answer: shoddy construction Question: How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City Answer: seven Question: How many people were buried under rubble in Mianyang City? Answer: 1,700 Question: How many school buildings fell in the entire province? Answer: 7,000 Question: How many were killed at the Juyuan Elementary School? Answer: 600
Context: UNFPA works in partnership with governments, along with other United Nations agencies, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, to raise awareness and mobilize the support and resources needed to achieve its mission to promote the rights and health of women and young people. Question: UNFPA's mission is to promote the rights and health of whom? Answer: women and young people Question: With whom does UNFPA work in partnership? Answer: governments Question: With what sort of agencies does UNFPA work? Answer: United Nations agencies Question: In addition to mobilizing support and resources, what does UNFPA do with its partners? Answer: raise awareness Question: Who does UNFPA work with in addition to government and U.N. agencies? Answer: communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector Question: UNFPA's mission is to deny the rights and health of whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: With whom does UNFPA avoid partnering with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: With what sort of agencies does UNFPA not work with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In addition to mobilizing support and resources, what does UNFPA want to decrease? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is hurt most by the UNFPA? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Carnival Tuesday hosts the main events. Full costume is worn, complete with make-up and body paint/adornment. Usually "Mas Boots" that complement the costumes are worn. Each band has their costume presentation based on a particular theme, and contains various sections (some consisting of thousands of revelers) that reflect these themes. The street parade and band costume competition take place. The mas bands eventually converge on the Queen's Park Savannah to pass on "The Stage" for judging. The singer of the most played song is crowned Road March King or Queen earning prize money and usually a vehicle. Question: On what day is full costume worn? Answer: Carnival Tuesday Question: What is usually worn on the feet to compliment the costumes? Answer: "Mas Boots" Question: What does each band base their costume presentation on? Answer: theme Question: What do the mas bands eventually converge on? Answer: the Queen's Park Savannah Question: Who gets to be crowned Road March King or Queen? Answer: The singer of the most played song
Context: The book was widely translated in Darwin's lifetime, but problems arose with translating concepts and metaphors, and some translations were biased by the translator's own agenda. Darwin distributed presentation copies in France and Germany, hoping that suitable applicants would come forward, as translators were expected to make their own arrangements with a local publisher. He welcomed the distinguished elderly naturalist and geologist Heinrich Georg Bronn, but the German translation published in 1860 imposed Bronn's own ideas, adding controversial themes that Darwin had deliberately omitted. Bronn translated "favoured races" as "perfected races", and added essays on issues including the origin of life, as well as a final chapter on religious implications partly inspired by Bronn's adherence to Naturphilosophie. In 1862, Bronn produced a second edition based on the third English edition and Darwin's suggested additions, but then died of a heart attack. Darwin corresponded closely with Julius Victor Carus, who published an improved translation in 1867. Darwin's attempts to find a translator in France fell through, and the translation by Clémence Royer published in 1862 added an introduction praising Darwin's ideas as an alternative to religious revelation and promoting ideas anticipating social Darwinism and eugenics, as well as numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed. Darwin corresponded with Royer about a second edition published in 1866 and a third in 1870, but he had difficulty getting her to remove her notes and was troubled by these editions. He remained unsatisfied until a translation by Edmond Barbier was published in 1876. A Dutch translation by Tiberius Cornelis Winkler was published in 1860. By 1864, additional translations had appeared in Italian and Russian. In Darwin's lifetime, Origin was published in Swedish in 1871, Danish in 1872, Polish in 1873, Hungarian in 1873–1874, Spanish in 1877 and Serbian in 1878. By 1977, it had appeared in an additional 18 languages. Question: Who was the German translator that Darwin welcomed for On the Origin of Species? Answer: Heinrich Georg Bronn, Question: What did Bronn do in his translation that went completely against what Darwin wanted in On the Origin of Species? Answer: the German translation published in 1860 imposed Bronn's own ideas, adding controversial themes that Darwin had deliberately omitted. Question: What did Bronn change "Favoured Races" to in his translated edition of On the Origin of Species? Answer: "perfected races" Question: Who published an improved translation of On the Origin of Species in 1867? Answer: Julius Victor Carus Question: Why was Darwin unhappy with the first French translation of On the Origins of Species? Answer: numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed
Context: Although this period had been productive, the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand determined to leave the island. To avoid further customs duties, Sand sold the piano to a local French couple, the Canuts.[n 8] The group traveled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced. In May 1839 they headed for the summer to Sand's estate at Nohant, where they spent most summers until 1846. In autumn they returned to Paris, where Chopin's apartment at 5 rue Tronchet was close to Sand's rented accommodation at the rue Pigalle. He frequently visited Sand in the evenings, but both retained some independence. In 1842 he and Sand moved to the Square d'Orléans, living in adjacent buildings. Question: What is stated as having a negative effect on Frédéric's health during this productive time? Answer: bad weather Question: What culture of French people did Sand sell the piano to? Answer: Canuts Question: What city did the group travel to in order to help Frédéric recover? Answer: Marseilles Question: Where was Sand's estate located where they stayed for the summers until 1846? Answer: Nohant Question: Where did Frédéric and Sand move to in 1842 in buildings next to each other? Answer: Square d'Orléans Question: Who did Sand sell Chopin's piano to? Answer: the Canuts Question: Where did the group travel to after Barcelona? Answer: Marseilles Question: Where was Sand's home? Answer: Nohant Question: After returning to Paris where was Chopin's apartment? Answer: 5 rue Tronchet Question: In 1842 where did Chopin and Sand move? Answer: Square d'Orléans Question: What had a negative effect on Chopin's health? Answer: the bad weather Question: Who did Sand sell the piano to? Answer: the Canuts. Question: Where did they travel after leaving Barcelona? Answer: Marseilles Question: Where did Chopin and Sand move to in 1842? Answer: Square d'Orléans Question: Where did they spend most summers until 1846? Answer: Nohant
Context: Green is the color for green parties, Islamist parties, Nordic agrarian parties and Irish republican parties. Orange is sometimes a color of nationalism, such as in the Netherlands, in Israel with the Orange Camp or with Ulster Loyalists in Northern Ireland; it is also a color of reform such as in Ukraine. In the past, Purple was considered the color of royalty (like white), but today it is sometimes used for feminist parties. White also is associated with nationalism. "Purple Party" is also used as an academic hypothetical of an undefined party, as a Centrist party in the United States (because purple is created from mixing the main parties' colors of red and blue) and as a highly idealistic "peace and love" party—in a similar vein to a Green Party, perhaps. Black is generally associated with fascist parties, going back to Benito Mussolini's blackshirts, but also with Anarchism. Similarly, brown is sometimes associated with Nazism, going back to the Nazi Party's tan-uniformed storm troopers. Question: What parties is the color green for? Answer: Islamist parties, Nordic agrarian parties and Irish republican parties Question: What was purple considered the color for? Answer: royalty Question: What parties is the color black associated with? Answer: fascist parties Question: Brown is associated with what parties? Answer: Nazism Question: What color is orange associated with? Answer: nationalism Question: What uniforms do storm troopers wear in Islamist parties? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was green considered the color of in the past? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color is the Centrist Party in Israel? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What party is similar to Irish republican parties? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group is similar to the Ulster Loyalists? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 9 September the OKL appeared to be backing two strategies. Its round-the-clock bombing of London was an immediate attempt to force the British government to capitulate, but it was also striking at Britain's vital sea communications to achieve a victory through siege. Although the weather was poor, heavy raids took place that afternoon on the London suburbs and the airfield at Farnborough. The day's fighting cost Kesselring and Luftflotte 2 (Air Fleet 2) 24 aircraft, including 13 Bf 109s. Fighter Command lost 17 fighters and six pilots. Over the next few days weather was poor and the next main effort would not be made until 15 September 1940. Question: What was the name of the airfield where heavy raids took place? Answer: Farnborough Question: How many Bf 109s were lost? Answer: 13 Question: FighterCommand lost how many fighters? Answer: 17 Question: How many pilots did Fighter Command lose? Answer: six Question: What caused the delay in the effort? Answer: weather was poor
Context: The statement that Joseph "knew her not till she brought forth her first born son" (Matthew 1:25 DouayRheims) has been debated among scholars, with some saying that she did not remain a virgin and some saying that she was a perpetual virgin. Other scholars contend that the Greek word heos (i.e., until) denotes a state up to a point, but does not mean that the state ended after that point, and that Matthew 1:25 does not confirm or deny the virginity of Mary after the birth of Jesus. According to Biblical scholar Bart Ehrman the Hebrew word almah, meaning young woman of childbearing age, was translated into Greek as parthenos, which only means virgin, in Isaiah 7:14, which is commonly believed by Christians to be the prophecy of the Virgin Mary referred to in Matthew 1:23. While Matthew and Luke give differing versions of the virgin birth, John quotes the uninitiated Philip and the disbelieving Jews gathered at Galilee referring to Joseph as Jesus's father. Question: Who do Christians believe is prophesized in Isaiah 7:14? Answer: Virgin Mary Question: What is the meaning of the Greek word "heos?" Answer: until Question: Which verse in Matthew is believed to refer to Isaiah's prohecy of the Virgin Mary? Answer: 1:23 Question: Which Gospel writer provided a version of the virgin birth that was different than Matthew's? Answer: Luke Question: What is the English tranlation of the Greek word "parthenos?" Answer: virgin Question: Who knew Mary before she brought forth her first born son? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Philip first meet Joseph? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Matthew and Luke gather with the disbelieving Jews? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Biblical scholar currently believes that Mary was a perpetual virgin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language does Biblical scholar Bart Ehrmam primarily speak? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places. Question: Aside from lodging, what amenities are often offered at inns? Answer: food and drink Question: What road is an inn often located near? Answer: highway Question: How many thousand years ago did the Romans build their road system? Answer: two Question: About how old are the oldest inns in Europe? Answer: several centuries Question: What role did inns serve other than housing travelers? Answer: community gathering places
Context: While hardware may be a source of insecurity, such as with microchip vulnerabilities maliciously introduced during the manufacturing process, hardware-based or assisted computer security also offers an alternative to software-only computer security. Using devices and methods such as dongles, trusted platform modules, intrusion-aware cases, drive locks, disabling USB ports, and mobile-enabled access may be considered more secure due to the physical access (or sophisticated backdoor access) required in order to be compromised. Each of these is covered in more detail below. Question: Microchips vulnerabilities are introduced when? Answer: during the manufacturing process Question: What offers an alternative to soft-ware only computer security? Answer: hardware-based or assisted computer security Question: What can hardware be a source of? Answer: insecurity Question: What is required in order for hardware to be compromised? Answer: physical access (or sophisticated backdoor access) Question: What step can increase computer security? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is used in physical access of a computer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes hardware to be insecure? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How can a cell phone increase computer security? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What physical device is used as a passkey for your computer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When are microchip vulnerabilities removed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Dongles less secure because of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of software-only computer security? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is required to compromise a software-only computer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of vulnerability is hardware-based computer security impervious to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile. The principles of textual criticism, although originally developed and refined for works of antiquity, the Bible, and Shakespeare, have been applied to many works, extending backwards from the present to the earliest known written documents, in Mesopotamia and Egypt—a period of about five millennia. However, the application of textual criticism to non-religious works does not antedate the invention of printing. While Christianity has been relatively receptive to textual criticism, application of it to the Jewish (Masoretic) Torah and the Qur'an is, to the devout, taboo.[citation needed] Question: What is one reasons Shakespeare is a good place to focus on textual criticism? Answer: the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, Question: Aside from Shakespeare, what is another book that is a major focus of textual criticism? Answer: Bible Question: Name two of the oldest civilizations that textual criticism has focused on. Answer: Mesopotamia and Egypt Question: Why is there opposition to textual criticism of Jewish and Muslim religious books? Answer: is, to the devout, taboo. Question: Over approximately what expanse of time can textual criticism be applied to written works? Answer: a period of about five millennia Question: Why do critics hate focusing on Shakespeare? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What book did Shakespeare write? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the most recent documents in criticism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: It's too taboo to criticize the Torah, Qur'an, and what other religion? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: White LEDs can also be made by coating near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs with a mixture of high-efficiency europium-based phosphors that emit red and blue, plus copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) that emits green. This is a method analogous to the way fluorescent lamps work. This method is less efficient than blue LEDs with YAG:Ce phosphor, as the Stokes shift is larger, so more energy is converted to heat, but yields light with better spectral characteristics, which render color better. Due to the higher radiative output of the ultraviolet LEDs than of the blue ones, both methods offer comparable brightness. A concern is that UV light may leak from a malfunctioning light source and cause harm to human eyes or skin. Question: White LEDs can be made by coating what? Answer: near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs Question: What are near-ultraviolet LEDs coated with to create white LED? Answer: copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) Question: What device also works in a similar way as NUV LEDs? Answer: fluorescent lamps Question: The method of coating NUVs less efficient than what other LEDs? Answer: blue Question: What light can harm human eyes or skin? Answer: UV light Question: White LEDs can be made by not coating what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are non-near-ultraviolet LEDs coated with to create white LED? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What device also works in a similar way as non-NUV LEDs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The method of coating NUVs more efficient than what other LEDs? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became a kingdom. At its zenith (95–65 BC), the state extended from the Caucasus all the way to what is now central Turkey, Lebanon, and northern Iran. The imperial reign of Tigranes the Great is thus the span of time during which Armenia itself conquered areas populated by other peoples. Question: When was Armenia established? Answer: in the late 6th century BC Question: What famous inscription mentioned Armenia? Answer: the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription Question: During which dynasty was Armenia established? Answer: Orontid dynasty Question: When was Armenia at its largest? Answer: 95–65 BC Question: In what year was Caucasus established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Within what empire was Caucasus created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Under what dynasty was Caucasus established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened during the reign of Hecataeus of Miletus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What inscription mentioned Caucasus? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Still, very large companies dominate the business landscape. Four companies on the 2013 Fortune 500 list of the United States' largest companies, based on total revenue, are headquartered in Seattle: Internet retailer Amazon.com (#49), coffee chain Starbucks (#208), department store Nordstrom (#227), and freight forwarder Expeditors International of Washington (#428). Other Fortune 500 companies popularly associated with Seattle are based in nearby Puget Sound cities. Warehouse club chain Costco (#22), the largest retail company in Washington, is based in Issaquah. Microsoft (#35) is located in Redmond. Weyerhaeuser, the forest products company (#363), is based in Federal Way. Finally, Bellevue is home to truck manufacturer Paccar (#168). Other major companies in the area include Nintendo of America in Redmond, T-Mobile US in Bellevue, Expedia Inc. in Bellevue and Providence Health & Services — the state's largest health care system and fifth largest employer — in Renton. The city has a reputation for heavy coffee consumption; coffee companies founded or based in Seattle include Starbucks, Seattle's Best Coffee, and Tully's. There are also many successful independent artisanal espresso roasters and cafés. Question: How many of the Fortune 500 companies are based in Seattle? Answer: Four Question: What famous coffee chain is home in Seattle? Answer: Starbucks Question: Which huge internet seller is headquartered in Seattle? Answer: Amazon.com Question: In what city near Seattle is Microsoft based? Answer: Redmond Question: What drink do the people of Seattle excel in drinking? Answer: coffee
Context: On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constitution of Russia. Question: When did the Soviet Union break up? Answer: December 25, 1991 Question: Which name did Russia take after the fall of the Soviet Union? Answer: the Russian Federation Question: What is the current official name of Russia? Answer: the Russian Federation Question: When was the current name for Russia added to the Russian constitution? Answer: April 21, 1992 Question: When was Russia renamed the Russian Federation? Answer: December 25, 1991 Question: What event led to Russia being renamed the Russian Federation? Answer: the collapse of the Soviet Union Question: When was Russia made an official state name of the Russian Federation? Answer: April 21, 1992 Question: What 1993 document confirmed Russia as an official state name of the Russian Federation? Answer: 1993 Constitution of Russia Question: When did the Soviet Empire break up? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which name did Russia take after the rise of the Soviet Union? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the current unofficial name of Russia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When wasn't the current name for Russia added to the Russian constitution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What event led to the Russian Federation being renamed Russia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empress dowagers, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty ceased to exist. Question: Which religious societies instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion? Answer: Daoist Question: Who killed the palace eunichs after the death of Emperor Ling? Answer: military officers Question: Which King took the seat of power from Emperor Xian? Answer: Cao Pi Question: Who was the last Emperor of the Han dynasty? Answer: Xian Question: In what year did Emperor Ling die? Answer: 189 AD
Context: In 1821, Saul Solomon issued a 70,560 copper tokens worth a halfpenny each Payable at St Helena by Solomon, Dickson and Taylor – presumably London partners – that circulated alongside the East India Company's local coinage until the Crown took over the island in 1836. The coin remains readily available to collectors. Question: How many copper tokens were Issued in 1821? Answer: 70,560 Question: Who issued the copper tokens in 1821? Answer: Saul Solomon Question: How much was each copper token worth? Answer: a halfpenny Question: When did the Crown take over the island? Answer: 1836
Context: There are four public institutes of technology in Indonesia that owned by the government of Indonesia. Other than that, there are hundreds other institute that owned by private or other institutions. Question: How many government-owned public institutes of technology does Indonesia have? Answer: four
Context: According to research published in 1999 by Alan Green and the Center for Public Integrity (CPI), loopholes in the ESA are commonly exploited in the exotic pet trade. Although the legislation prohibits interstate and foreign transactions for list species, no provisions are made for in-state commerce, allowing these animals to be sold to roadside zoos and private collectors. Additionally, the ESA allows listed species to be shipped across state lines as long as they are not sold. According to Green and the CPI, this allows dealers to "donate" listed species through supposed "breeding loans" to anyone, and in return they can legally receive a reciprocal monetary "donation" from the receiving party. Furthermore, an interview with an endangered species specialist at the US Fish and Wildlife Service revealed that the agency does not have sufficient staff to perform undercover investigations, which would catch these false "donations" and other mislabeled transactions. Question: What is one particular industry that exploits Endangered Species Act loopholes? Answer: exotic pet trade Question: What is one particular loophole that aids roadside zoos and private collectors? Answer: no provisions are made for in-state commerce Question: What allows exploitation of interstate commerce regulations? Answer: the ESA allows listed species to be shipped across state lines as long as they are not sold Question: How can fake breeding loans be used to sell wildlife? Answer: in return they can legally receive a reciprocal monetary "donation" from the receiving party. Question: Why are there not more arrests from undercover investigations of interstate wildlife commerce? Answer: the US Fish and Wildlife Service revealed that the agency does not have sufficient staff to perform undercover investigations Question: When did people begin exploiting ESA loopholes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organization prevents animals from being sold to zoos or collectors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the endangered species specialist that was interviewed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What agency is overstaffed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What named organization has been exploiting loopholes? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1870, Charles Taze Russell and others formed a group in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to study the Bible. During the course of his ministry, Russell disputed many beliefs of mainstream Christianity including immortality of the soul, hellfire, predestination, the fleshly return of Jesus Christ, the Trinity, and the burning up of the world. In 1876, Russell met Nelson H. Barbour; later that year they jointly produced the book Three Worlds, which combined restitutionist views with end time prophecy. The book taught that God's dealings with humanity were divided dispensationally, each ending with a "harvest," that Christ had returned as an invisible spirit being in 1874 inaugurating the "harvest of the Gospel age," and that 1914 would mark the end of a 2520-year period called "the Gentile Times," at which time world society would be replaced by the full establishment of God's kingdom on earth. Beginning in 1878 Russell and Barbour jointly edited a religious journal, Herald of the Morning. In June 1879 the two split over doctrinal differences, and in July, Russell began publishing the magazine Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, stating that its purpose was to demonstrate that the world was in "the last days," and that a new age of earthly and human restitution under the reign of Christ was imminent. Question: When did Charles Taze Russell form a group? Answer: 1870 Question: Where did Russell and others form their group? Answer: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Question: What was the purpose of Russell's group? Answer: to study the Bible Question: When Russell met Nelson H. Barbour in 1876, they jointly produced what book? Answer: Three Worlds Question: 1914 would mark the end of a 2520 year period known as what? Answer: the Gentile Times Question: What was the name of a member in Charles Taze Russell's group in 1870? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What major event occurred in 1914? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Nelson H. Barbour die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was one of the doctrinal differences that Russell and Barbour had? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The story sees Bond pitted against the global criminal organisation Spectre, marking the group's first appearance in an Eon Productions film since 1971's Diamonds Are Forever,[N 2] and tying Craig's series of films together with an overarching storyline. Several recurring James Bond characters, including M, Q and Eve Moneypenny return, with the new additions of Léa Seydoux as Dr. Madeleine Swann, Dave Bautista as Mr. Hinx, Andrew Scott as Max Denbigh and Monica Bellucci as Lucia Sciarra. Question: What group is the enemy of the protagonist? Answer: Spectre Question: Which movie was Spectre originally featured in? Answer: Diamonds Are Forever Question: Which three personalities from previous films appear in Spectre? Answer: M, Q and Eve Moneypenny Question: Which actor plays the role of Mr. Hinx? Answer: Dave Bautista Question: What role is performed by Monica Bellucci? Answer: Lucia Sciarra Question: Which recurring James Bond characters appear in Spectre? Answer: M, Q and Eve Moneypenny Question: What actress portrays Dr. Madeleine Swann in Spectre? Answer: Léa Seydoux Question: What actor portrays Mr. Hinx in Spectre? Answer: Dave Bautista Question: When was Diamonds are Forever released? Answer: 1971 Question: Spectre is pitted against which global crime organization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Diamonds Aren't Forever was released in what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: M, Q, and Eva Moneypenny return in what 2015 film? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Dave Bautista portrays Max Denbigh in which James Bond film? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Andrew Scott portrays Mr. Hinx in which James Bond film? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Believed to be a stowaway on a U.S. military transport near the end of World War II, the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) was accidentally introduced to Guam, that previously had no native species of snake. It nearly eliminated the native bird population. The problem was exacerbated because the reptile has no natural predators on the island. The brown tree snake, known locally as the kulebla, is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. While slightly venomous, the snake is relatively harmless to human beings. Although some studies have suggested a high density of these serpents on Guam, residents rarely see the nocturnal creatures. The United States Department of Agriculture has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow. The United States Geological Survey also has dogs capable of detecting snakes in forested environments around the region's islands. Question: Which animal was accidentally introduced into Guam? Answer: brown tree snake Question: What was accidentally introduced into Guam? Answer: brown tree snake Question: With the introduction of a non native snake in the area of Guam what impact did it have the island? Answer: nearly eliminated the native bird population Question: What has the U.S Department of Agriculture done to help watch for the snakes? Answer: has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow Question: How many native species of birds did Guam have prior to World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many native species of birds did the Solomon Islands have prior to World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do Australian authorities do to not send brown tree snakes to Guam accidentally? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the snakes that is very poisonous to humans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the U.S. military transport ultimately headed when it accidentally introduced the brown tree snake to Guam? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: One crucial innovation in reconceptualizing genotypic and phenotypic variation was the anthropologist C. Loring Brace's observation that such variations, insofar as it is affected by natural selection, slow migration, or genetic drift, are distributed along geographic gradations or clines. In part this is due to isolation by distance. This point called attention to a problem common to phenotype-based descriptions of races (for example, those based on hair texture and skin color): they ignore a host of other similarities and differences (for example, blood type) that do not correlate highly with the markers for race. Thus, anthropologist Frank Livingstone's conclusion, that since clines cross racial boundaries, "there are no races, only clines". Question: What did C. Loring Brace observe about about variations? Answer: distributed along geographic gradations or clines Question: Why are variations distributed along clines? Answer: isolation by distance Question: What is a problem common to phenotype-based descriptions of races? Answer: they ignore a host of other similarities and differences Question: What is Frank Livingstone's profession? Answer: anthropologist Question: What is the conclusion from the evidence that clines cross racial boundaries? Answer: there are no races, only clines
Context: The main cause of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a small, aerobic, nonmotile bacillus. The high lipid content of this pathogen accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics. It divides every 16 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with other bacteria, which usually divide in less than an hour. Mycobacteria have an outer membrane lipid bilayer. If a Gram stain is performed, MTB either stains very weakly "Gram-positive" or does not retain dye as a result of the high lipid and mycolic acid content of its cell wall. MTB can withstand weak disinfectants and survive in a dry state for weeks. In nature, the bacterium can grow only within the cells of a host organism, but M. tuberculosis can be cultured in the laboratory. Question: The uniqueness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is due to its high level of what type of molecule? Answer: lipid Question: Is the division rate of the TB bacterium fast or slow relative to other bacteria? Answer: slow Question: In nature, what "helper" does the MTB bacterium require to grow? Answer: a host organism Question: How long is the period between division of MTB cells? Answer: 16 to 20 hours Question: How much time does it take most bacteria to divide? Answer: less than an hour Question: What is the main cause of Mycobacterium tuberculosis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long can a Gram stain last? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What grows outside of the cells of a host organism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How often do lipids divide? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What divides faster than other bacteria? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Alaska's internet and other data transport systems are provided largely through the two major telecommunications companies: GCI and Alaska Communications. GCI owns and operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system and as of late 2011 Alaska Communications advertised that it has "two fiber optic paths to the lower 48 and two more across Alaska. In January 2011, it was reported that a $1 billion project to run connect Asia and rural Alaska was being planned, aided in part by $350 million in stimulus from the federal government. Question: Which two companies provide internet and data transport to Alaska? Answer: GCI and Alaska Communications Question: In what year was a project to connect Asia and rural Alaska announced? Answer: 2011 Question: How much money did the federal government contribute via stimulus to the connectvitiy between Asia and Alaska? Answer: $350 million Question: Which company owns and operates the Alaska United Fiber Optic System? Answer: GCI Question: Which three companies provide internet and data transport to Alaska? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was a project to connect Asia and rural Alaska renounced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was a project to connect Russia and rural Alaska announced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which company disowns the Alaska United Fiber Optic System? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much money did the federal government contribute via stimulus to the non-connectvitiy between Asia and Alaska? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: QED vacuum has interesting and complex properties. In QED vacuum, the electric and magnetic fields have zero average values, but their variances are not zero. As a result, QED vacuum contains vacuum fluctuations (virtual particles that hop into and out of existence), and a finite energy called vacuum energy. Vacuum fluctuations are an essential and ubiquitous part of quantum field theory. Some experimentally verified effects of vacuum fluctuations include spontaneous emission and the Lamb shift. Coulomb's law and the electric potential in vacuum near an electric charge are modified. Question: When are electric and magnetic fields with zero average values, but their variances are not at zero? Answer: In QED vacuum Question: What is a verified effect of vacuum fluctuation? Answer: spontaneous emission Question: what is vacuum fluctuation? Answer: virtual particles that hop into and out of existence Question: Finite energy in a QED is called what? Answer: vacuum energy Question: What modifies can Coulomb's Law in a vacuum? Answer: vacuum near an electric charge Question: What part of quantum field theory are electric and magnetic fields? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of properties does Coulomb's law have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What values does vacuum energy have under Coulomb's law? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the variances of vacuum energy according to Coulomb's law? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do particles defined in Colombo's law do? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Independent State of Samoa ( Samoan: Malo Sa 'oloto Tuto 'atasi o Sāmoa, IPA: [ˌsaːˈmoa]), commonly known as Samoa (Samoan: Sāmoa) and formerly known as Western Samoa, is a Unitary Parliamentary Republic with eleven administrative divisions. The two main islands are Savai'i and Upolu with four smaller islands surrounding the landmasses. The capital city is Apia. The Lapita people discovered and settled the Samoan islands around 3,500 years ago. They developed a unique language and cultural identity. Question: What was Samoa's old name? Answer: Western Samoa Question: How many administrative divisions does Samoa have? Answer: eleven Question: How many little islands are there around Savai'i and Upolu? Answer: four Question: What's the name of Samoa's capital? Answer: Apia Question: About how long ago were the Samoan islands discovered? Answer: 3,500 years Question: What was Lapita formerly known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the capital of Lapita? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Tuto people discover Malo and settle there? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are two things the Tuto developed when they settled at Malo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many little islands surround Malo? Answer: Unanswerable