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Context: The loss of viewers continued into season 12, which saw the show hitting a number of series low in the 18-49 demo. The finale had 7.2 million fewer viewers than the previous season, and saw a drop of 44% in the 18-49 demo. The season viewers averaged at 13.3 million, a drop of 24% from the previous season. The thirteenth season suffered a huge decline in the 18–49 demographic, a drop of 28% from the twelfth season, and American Idol lost its Top 10 position in the Nielsen ratings by the end of the 2013–14 television season for the first time since its entry to the rankings in 2003 as a result, although the entire series to date had not yet been dropped from the Nielsen Top 30 rankings since its inception in 2002. Question: How many people on average watched season 12 of American Idol? Answer: 13.3 million Question: During which season did American Idol fall out of the top ten shows in ratings? Answer: 13 Question: When did American Idol first air on television? Answer: 2002 Question: The season finale for season 12 had how many fewer viewers than season 11? Answer: 7.2 million Question: How many viewers watched on average this season? Answer: 13.3 million
Context: Though Han wooden structures decayed, some Han-dynasty ruins made of brick, stone, and rammed earth remain intact. This includes stone pillar-gates, brick tomb chambers, rammed-earth city walls, rammed-earth and brick beacon towers, rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall, rammed-earth platforms where elevated halls once stood, and two rammed-earth castles in Gansu. The ruins of rammed-earth walls that once surrounded the capitals Chang'an and Luoyang still stand, along with their drainage systems of brick arches, ditches, and ceramic water pipes. Monumental stone pillar-gates, twenty-nine of which survive from the Han period, formed entrances of walled enclosures at shrine and tomb sites. These pillars feature artistic imitations of wooden and ceramic building components such as roof tiles, eaves, and balustrades. Question: How many stone pillar-gates survive from the Han era? Answer: twenty-nine Question: What architectural feature contained an imitation of a balustrade? Answer: stone pillar-gates Question: What building material were tomb chambers constructed with? Answer: brick Question: What were the walls that encompassed the city of Luoyang comprised of? Answer: rammed-earth Question: What type of system used ceramic water pipes? Answer: drainage systems
Context: Matsushita provided a cash infusion, but the clash of cultures was too great to overcome, and five years later Matsushita sold an 80% stake in MCA/Universal to Canadian drinks distributor Seagram for $5.7 billion. Seagram sold off its stake in DuPont to fund this expansion into the entertainment industry. Hoping to build an entertainment empire around Universal, Seagram bought PolyGram in 1999 and other entertainment properties, but the fluctuating profits characteristic of Hollywood were no substitute for the reliable income stream gained from the previously held shares in DuPont. Question: What percentage of MCA/Universal did Matsushita Electric sell five years after acquiring the company? Answer: 80% Question: To whom did Matsushita sell a large share of MCA/Universal? Answer: Seagram Question: How much did Seagram pay to buy a large share of MCA/Universal? Answer: $5.7 billion Question: What did Seagram sell to finance their purchase of a share in MCA/Universal? Answer: its stake in DuPont Question: What company did Seagram buy in 1999? Answer: PolyGram Question: What percent stake did MCA/Univeral have in Matsushita? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did MCA/Universal sell their stake to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did MCA/Universal sell their stake for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did PolyGram buy Seagram? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In August 2013, The Irish Sun ended the practice of featuring topless models on Page 3. The main newspaper was reported to have followed in 2015 with the edition of 16 January supposedly the last to carry such photographs after a report in The Times made such an assertion. After substantial coverage in the media about an alleged change in editorial policy, Page 3 returned to its usual format on 22 January 2015. A few hours before the issue was published, the Head of PR at the newspaper said the reputed end of Page 3 had been "speculation" only. Question: What did The Irish Sun stop doing in 2013? Answer: featuring topless models on Page 3 Question: What was stated to be the last edition of the regular Sun to publish topless models? Answer: the edition of 16 January Question: Which newspaper claimed that The Sun stopped featuring topless models in 2013? Answer: The Times Question: What happened on 22 January 2015? Answer: Page 3 returned to its usual format Question: What did The Sun's Head of PR say about the reported editorial change at The Sun? Answer: the reputed end of Page 3 had been "speculation" only
Context: Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—rejected Kublai's invitation, so instead Kublai invited Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280), successor and nephew of Sakya Pandita, who came to his court in 1253. Kublai instituted a unique relationship with the Phagpa lama, which recognized Kublai as a superior sovereign in political affairs and the Phagpa lama as the senior instructor to Kublai in religious affairs. Kublai also made Drogön Chögyal Phagpa the director of the government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs and the ruling priest-king of Tibet, which comprised thirteen different states ruled by myriarchies. Question: How many states were ruled by myriarchies? Answer: thirteen Question: What title did prince Kublai rule as from 1260 to 1294? Answer: Khagan Question: Who was the superior of prince Kublai? Answer: Ögedei Khan Question: Who became the second Karmapa Lama? Answer: Karma Pakshi Question: With whom did Kublai Khan have a unique relationship with? Answer: the Phagpa lama
Context: The highwayman Dick Turpin used the Swan Inn at Woughton-on-the-Green in Buckinghamshire as his base. In the 1920s John Fothergill (1876–1957) was the innkeeper of the Spread Eagle in Thame, Berkshire, and published his autobiography: An Innkeeper's Diary (London: Chatto & Windus, 1931). During his idiosyncratic occupancy many famous people came to stay, such as H. G. Wells. United States president George W. Bush fulfilled his lifetime ambition of visiting a 'genuine British pub' during his November 2003 state visit to the UK when he had lunch and a pint of non-alcoholic lager (Bush being a teetotaler) with British Prime Minister Tony Blair at the Dun Cow pub in Sedgefield, County Durham in Blair's home constituency. There were approximately 53,500 public houses in 2009 in the United Kingdom. This number has been declining every year, so that nearly half of the smaller villages no longer have a local pub. Question: Who was based out of the Swan Inn? Answer: Dick Turpin Question: In what county was the Swan Inn located? Answer: Buckinghamshire Question: What was the name of the innkeeper at the Spread Eagle in the 1920s? Answer: John Fothergill Question: In what year was An Innkeeper's Diary published? Answer: 1931 Question: What publishing house published An Innkeeper's Diary? Answer: Chatto & Windus
Context: A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans. Question: A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that which two populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries? Answer: Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations Question: Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome are typically seen between what two percentages in Central and Eastern Europeans? Answer: 54%–60% Question: Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome were seen in what percentage of the Ashkenazi Jewish population? Answer: 12.7% Question: The difference in percentages of the levels of Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes between Central and Eastern Europeans and the Ashkenazi population would indicate what? Answer: low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation
Context: This narrative draws on the Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada, which is ascribed to Buddhaghoṣa in the 5th century CE. Earlier biographies such as the Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra, give different accounts. Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life. Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order, but do not consistently accept all of the details contained in his biographies. Question: The Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada is attributed to who? Answer: Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada Question: What are some other biographies that differ from the Jataka tales? Answer: Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra Question: What do scholars recognize about the life of the Buddha? Answer: Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order Question: When was the Buddhagohosa written? Answer: 5th century CE Question: What is one of the earlier biographies on Buddhism? Answer: the Buddhacarita Question: Who founded a monastic order in his life? Answer: Buddha Question: Scholars do not make claims without evidence about who's life? Answer: Buddha Question: Most accept that Buddha lived and taught in what type of order? Answer: monastic Question: The Jataka tales of the Theravada happened in what century? Answer: 5th ce
Context: There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, "You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are." Question: What amount of bacteria can be found in a gram of soil? Answer: 40 million bacterial cells Question: How many bacteria cells can be in a milliltre of fresh water? Answer: million bacterial cells Question: How does bacteria help to sustain life in hydrothermal vents and cold seeps? Answer: by converting dissolved compounds Question: What deepest part of the ocean was bacteria found? Answer: Mariana Trench Question: Can bacteria survive inside rocks under the sea level? Answer: thrive inside rocks
Context: In Kazakhstan Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 10 million active speakers. 63% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 46% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. According to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook, 95% of the population can speak Russian. Large Russian-speaking communities still exist in northern Kazakhstan, and ethnic Russians comprise 25.6% of Kazakhstan's population. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of the population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in Russian, as well as understand the spoken language. Question: What is the legal status of Russian in Kazakhstan? Answer: according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration Question: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian natively? Answer: 4,200,000 Question: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian actively? Answer: 10 million Question: What percent of people in Kazakhstan speak Russian fluently? Answer: 63% Question: What percent of people in Kazakhstan use Russian as their main language? Answer: 46% Question: According to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan, what do public employees have the same as the administration? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the population of Kazakhstan in 2004? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of the population of Kazakhstan was employed in 2006? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people in Kazakhstan were able to read the World Factbook in 2004? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much of the population aged 15 and above used the World Factbook in school in 2009? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Persons who speak German as their first language, look German and whose families have lived in Germany for generations are considered "most German", followed by categories of diminishing Germanness such as Aussiedler (people of German ancestry whose families have lived in Eastern Europe but who have returned to Germany), Restdeutsche (people living in lands that have historically belonged to Germany but which is currently outside of Germany), Auswanderer (people whose families have emigrated from Germany and who still speak German), German speakers in German-speaking nations such as Austrians, and finally people of German emigrant background who no longer speak German. Question: Residence that speak German as their mother tongue and families have been in place for generations are often consider? Answer: most German Question: What is the name given to Germans who family left but came back to the lands? Answer: Aussiedler Question: What is the name of gven to the population that lives outside of current Germany boundary but still within historic Germany? Answer: Restdeutsche Question: What are refugees from Germany that still speak German referred to? Answer: Auswanderer Question: People who have generations of family in Germany, and look and speak German are classified as what? Answer: most German Question: Who are people of German ancestry but have lived in other parts of Europe, then returned to Germany? Answer: Aussiedler Question: What are people who have ancestral roots in Germany, but now live outside of Germany called? Answer: Restdeutsche Question: What are people called who have left Germany but still speak German? Answer: Auswanderer Question: Who are people of German ancestry living in western Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the term for people who's families emigrated from Germany and may or may not still speak German? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Restdeutsche live in lands that where never part of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are all people who's first language is German called? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A unit load is defined as 100 mA in USB 1.x and 2.0, and 150 mA in USB 3.0. A device may draw a maximum of five unit loads from a port in USB 1.x and 2.0 (500 mA), or six unit loads in USB 3.0 (900 mA). There are two types of devices: low-power and high-power. A low-power device (such as a USB HID) draws at most one-unit load, with minimum operating voltage of 4.4 V in USB 2.0, and 4 V in USB 3.0. A high-power device draws, at most, the maximum number of unit loads the standard permits. Every device functions initially as low-power (including high-power functions during their low-power enumeration phases), but may request high-power, and get it if available on the providing bus. Question: What is a unit load defined as? Answer: 100 mA in USB 1.x and 2.0 Question: How much is a unit load in USB 3.0? Answer: 150 mA Question: What is the maximum amount of load a USB 1. and 2.0 device may draw? Answer: five unit loads Question: What is the maximum amount of load a USB 3.0 device may draw? Answer: six unit loads
Context: There are three main chemical pulping processes: the sulfite process dates back to the 1840s and it was the dominant method extent before the second world war. The kraft process, invented in the 1870s and first used in the 1890s, is now the most commonly practiced strategy, one of its advantages is the chemical reaction with lignin, that produces heat, which can be used to run a generator. Most pulping operations using the kraft process are net contributors to the electricity grid or use the electricity to run an adjacent paper mill. Another advantage is that this process recovers and reuses all inorganic chemical reagents. Soda pulping is another specialty process used to pulp straws, bagasse and hardwoods with high silicate content. Question: How many chemical pulping processes are there? Answer: three Question: What decade does the sulfite process date to? Answer: 1840s Question: What process is most commonly used? Answer: The kraft process Question: What is another process used to pulp straws with high silicate content? Answer: Soda pulping Question: How many mechanical pulping processes exist? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a specialty process used to pulp paper mills? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a specialty process used to hardwoods with high silicate content? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a specialty process used to bagasse ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Invented in the 1870s, when was soda pulping first used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many non-chemical pulping processes are there? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What decade did the sulfite process stop? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What process is least commonly used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another process used to pulp straws with low silicate content? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is 120 millimetres (4.7 in) in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (737,280,000-byte) data capacity. This capacity was reportedly specified by Sony executive Norio Ohga in May 1980 so as to be able to contain the entirety of the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This is a myth according to Kees Immink, as the code format had not yet been decided in May 1980. The adoption of EFM one month later would have allowed a playing time of 97 minutes for 120 mm diameter or 74 minutes for a disc as small as 100 mm. The 120 mm diameter has been adopted by subsequent formats, including Super Audio CD, DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc. Eighty-millimeter discs ("Mini CDs") were originally designed for CD singles and can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 210 MiB of data but never became popular.[citation needed] Today, nearly every single is released on a 120 mm CD, called a Maxi single.[citation needed] Question: Where is the start of data on a CD? Answer: the center Question: What size CD is most frequently used? Answer: 120 millimetres (4.7 in) Question: What is the size of a Mini CD? Answer: Eighty-millimeter Question: What is the size of a Maxi Single? Answer: 120 mm Question: Who was the Sony Executive in 1980? Answer: Norio Ohga Question: Who named the Maxi single? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many minutes does a Super Audio CD hold? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were Mini-CDs released? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are CDs limited to one size? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the London Philharmonic Orchestra's recording of the Ninth Symphony created? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske was at the vanguard of new technology in naval guns and gunnery, thanks to his innovations in fire control 1890–1910. He immediately grasped the potential for air power, and called for the development of a torpedo plane. Fiske, as aide for operations in 1913–15 to Assistant Secretary Franklin D. Roosevelt, proposed a radical reorganization of the Navy to make it a war-fighting instrument. Fiske wanted to centralize authority in a chief of naval operations and an expert staff that would develop new strategies, oversee the construction of a larger fleet, coordinate war planning including force structure, mobilization plans, and industrial base, and ensure that the US Navy possessed the best possible war machines. Eventually, the Navy adopted his reforms and by 1915 started to reorganize for possible involvement in the World War then underway. Question: What naval officer developed new doctrines for gunnery at the turn of the 20th Century? Answer: Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske Question: What aircraft did Fiske call for the development of? Answer: torpedo plane Question: What assistant naval secretary did Fiske serve under? Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt Question: When did Fiske propose his reforms to the way the Navy operated? Answer: 1913–15 Question: What naval officer developed old doctrines for gunnery at the turn of the 21st Century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What aircraft did Fiske call for the dissolvement of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What assistant naval secretary did Fiske serve over? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Fiske propose his reforms to the way the Army operated? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: New Haven (local /nuː ˈheɪvən/, noo-HAY-vən), in the U.S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, which in turn comprises the outer limits of the New York metropolitan area. It is the second-largest city in Connecticut (after Bridgeport), with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census. According to a census of 1 July 2012, by the Census Bureau, the city had a population of 130,741. Question: In which US state is New Haven located? Answer: Connecticut Question: New Haven Harbor is located on the northern shore of what waterway? Answer: Long Island Sound Question: In what county is New Haven located? Answer: New Haven County Question: What is the population of New Haven according to the 2010 United States Census? Answer: 129,779 Question: New Haven County makes up the outer limits of what major metropolitan area? Answer: New York metropolitan area Question: What is the population of New Haven City in 2010? Answer: 129,779 Question: What is Connecticut's biggest city? Answer: Bridgeport Question: In what county is New Haven located in? Answer: New Haven County, Question: The population of the Greater New Haven in 2010? Answer: 862,477 Question: What is the metropolitan next to New Haven County, Connecticut? Answer: New York
Context: Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common rocks in West Antarctica are andesite and rhyolite volcanics formed during the Jurassic period. There is also evidence of volcanic activity, even after the ice sheet had formed, in Marie Byrd Land and Alexander Island. The only anomalous area of West Antarctica is the Ellsworth Mountains region, where the stratigraphy is more similar to East Antarctica. Question: To what mountainous area is Antarctica geologically similar? Answer: Andes Question: An uplift of what formed Antarctica? Answer: sea bed sediments Question: Starting from the late Paleozoic era, when did Antarctica finish forming? Answer: early Mesozoic Question: What are the most often found rocks in Antarctica? Answer: andesite and rhyolite Question: What type of geologic activity occurred even after the formation of the ice sheets? Answer: volcanic Question: What was once part of the Andes mountains of South America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What caused the Antarctic Peninsula to for prior to the Paleozoic era? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What caused volcanism on the Antarctic Peninsula? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the rarest rocks in Western Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What activity stopped after the ice sheet formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What closely resembles the Andes mountain range of Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was formed during the early Paleozoic and the late Mesozoic eras? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the most common rocks in Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the andesite and rhyolite formed in West Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is there evidence of in Alexander Byrd Land and Marie Island? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first settlers primarily came from England, its Caribbean colony of Barbados, and its Atlantic colony of Bermuda. Among these were free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders, when color lines were looser among the working class in the early colonial years, and some wealthy whites took black consorts or concubines. Charles Town attracted a mixture of ethnic and religious groups. French, Scottish, Irish, and Germans migrated to the developing seacoast town, representing numerous Protestant denominations. Because of the battles between English "royalty" and the Roman Catholic Church, practicing Catholics were not allowed to settle in South Carolina until after the American Revolution. Jews were allowed, and Sephardic Jews migrated to the city in such numbers that by the beginning of the 19th century, the city was home to the largest and wealthiest Jewish community in North America—a status it held until about 1830. Question: What religious group was not allowed to settle in South Carolina? Answer: Catholics Question: About what year did Charleston cease to have the wealthiest Jewish community in America? Answer: 1830 Question: What European country did many of the first Charleston settlers come from? Answer: England Question: After what war did the state ban on Catholics end? Answer: American Revolution Question: Along with Bermuda, what other English colony did many settlers come from? Answer: Barbados Question: What religious group was allowed to settle in South Carolina? Answer: Unanswerable Question: About what year did Charleston begin to have the wealthiest Jewish community in America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What European country did few of the first Charleston settlers come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After what war did the state ban on Catholics begin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Along with Bermuda, what other English colony did few settlers come from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado and attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Yale University class of 1966 with a political science major. Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968–1969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals. Securing an early return to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War organization in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam War. He appeared in the Fulbright Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of war crimes. Question: What was Kerry's major? Answer: political science Question: Where did Kerry go to college? Answer: Yale University Question: What branch of the military did Kerry join? Answer: Naval Reserve Question: What medals did Kerry win? Answer: the Silver Star Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and three Purple Heart Medals Question: What group was Kerry a spokesman for? Answer: Vietnam Veterans Against the War
Context: Hoping to extend the Continental System, Napoleon invaded Iberia and declared his brother Joseph the King of Spain in 1808. The Spanish and the Portuguese revolted with British support. The Peninsular War lasted six years, noted for its brutal guerrilla warfare, and culminated in an Allied victory. Fighting also erupted in Central Europe, as the Austrians launched another attack against the French in 1809. Napoleon defeated them at the Battle of Wagram, dissolving the Fifth Coalition formed against France. By 1811, Napoleon ruled over 70 million people across an empire that had domination in Europe, which had not witnessed this level of political consolidation since the days of the Roman Empire. He maintained his strategic status through a series of alliances and family appointments. He created a new aristocracy in France while allowing the return of nobles who had been forced into exile by the Revolution. Question: What region did Napoleon invade in an effort to extend the Continental System? Answer: Iberia Question: Who did Napoleon declare King of Spain in 1808? Answer: his brother Joseph Question: How long did the Peninsular War last? Answer: six years Question: Napoleon's victory at which battle resulted in the destruction of the Fifth Coalition? Answer: the Battle of Wagram Question: By 1811, what was the population of Napoleon's Empire? Answer: over 70 million people
Context: Utrecht hosts several large institutions of higher education. The most prominent of these is Utrecht University (est. 1636), the largest university of the Netherlands with 30,449 students (as of 2012). The university is partially based in the inner city as well as in the Uithof campus area, to the east of the city. According to Shanghai Jiaotong University's university ranking in 2014 it is the 57th best university in the world. Utrecht also houses the much smaller University of Humanistic Studies, which houses about 400 students. Question: What is the largest University in the city Answer: The most prominent of these is Utrecht University (est. 1636), the largest university of the Netherlands with 30,449 students Question: what is shanghai jiaotong rated Answer: According to Shanghai Jiaotong University's university ranking in 2014 it is the 57th best university in the world Question: What smaller university is in Utrecht Answer: Utrecht also houses the much smaller University of Humanistic Studies, which houses about 400 students. Question: What university was established in the 16th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the largest University in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many university students were in the Netherlands in 2012? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Shanghai Jiaotong University ranked in 2014? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The waterwheel appeared in Chinese records during the Han. As mentioned by Huan Tan in about 20 AD, they were used to turn gears that lifted iron trip hammers, and were used in pounding, threshing and polishing grain. However, there is no sufficient evidence for the watermill in China until about the 5th century. The Nanyang Commandery Administrator Du Shi (d. 38 AD) created a waterwheel-powered reciprocator that worked the bellows for the smelting of iron. Waterwheels were also used to power chain pumps that lifted water to raised irrigation ditches. The chain pump was first mentioned in China by the philosopher Wang Chong in his 1st-century-AD Balanced Discourse. Question: What was used to power chain pumps to raise water to irrigation ditches? Answer: Waterwheels Question: What commandery was the creator of the waterwheel-powered reciprocator from? Answer: Nanyang Question: Who was the author of the essay entitled Balance Discourse? Answer: Wang Chong Question: During what century is it likely that the watermill made an appearance in China? Answer: about the 5th century Question: During what era did the waterwheel first appear in recordings? Answer: Han
Context: Administratively, Portugal is divided into 308 municipalities (Portuguese: municípios or concelhos), which after a reform in 2013 are subdivided into 3,092 civil parishes (Portuguese: freguesia). Operationally, the municipality and civil parish, along with the national government, are the only legally identifiable local administrative units identified by the government of Portugal (for example, cities, towns or villages have no standing in law, although may be used as catchment for the defining services). For statistical purposes the Portuguese government also identifies NUTS, inter-municipal communities and informally, the district system, used until European integration (and being phased-out by the national government).[original research?] Continental Portugal is agglomerated into 18 districts, while the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are governed as autonomous regions; the largest units, established since 1976, are either mainland Portugal (Portuguese: Portugal Continental) and the autonomous regions of Portugal (Azores and Madeira). Question: How many municipalities is Portugal divided into? Answer: 308 Question: How many civil parishes are the Portuguese municipalities divided into? Answer: 3,092 Question: How many districts is the continental Portugal divided into? Answer: 18
Context: Denial of service attacks are designed to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. Attackers can deny service to individual victims, such as by deliberately entering a wrong password enough consecutive times to cause the victim account to be locked, or they may overload the capabilities of a machine or network and block all users at once. While a network attack from a single IP address can be blocked by adding a new firewall rule, many forms of Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are possible, where the attack comes from a large number of points – and defending is much more difficult. Such attacks can originate from the zombie computers of a botnet, but a range of other techniques are possible including reflection and amplification attacks, where innocent systems are fooled into sending traffic to the victim. Question: What are attacks designed to make a machine or network unavailable to its intended users? Answer: Denial of service attacks Question: What does deliberately entering the wrong password enough consecutive times cause? Answer: the victim account to be locked Question: What are attacks where innocent systems are fooled into sending traffic to the victom called? Answer: reflection and amplification attacks Question: What does DDoS stand for? Answer: Distributed denial of service Question: How can a network attack from a single IP address be blocked? Answer: by adding a new firewall rule Question: What happens if an attacker enters the wrong password into an account enough times? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the point of making network resources unavailable to users? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is it difficult to defend against DDos? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Other than being locked out what other methods are used in DDos? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes multiple attacks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What allows a machine to be accessed by its user? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is done to a password to lock out all users at once? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is a DDoS from multiple locations defended? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an IP address? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are zombie computers on a botnet? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In addition to the use of sound for communication, a wide range of insects have evolved chemical means for communication. These chemicals, termed semiochemicals, are often derived from plant metabolites include those meant to attract, repel and provide other kinds of information. Pheromones, a type of semiochemical, are used for attracting mates of the opposite sex, for aggregating conspecific individuals of both sexes, for deterring other individuals from approaching, to mark a trail, and to trigger aggression in nearby individuals. Allomonea benefit their producer by the effect they have upon the receiver. Kairomones benefit their receiver instead of their producer. Synomones benefit the producer and the receiver. While some chemicals are targeted at individuals of the same species, others are used for communication across species. The use of scents is especially well known to have developed in social insects.:96–105 Question: Insects use sound and what other means for communication? Answer: chemical means Question: The chemicals used by insects to communicate are called what? Answer: semiochemicals Question: Semiochemicals come from where? Answer: plant metabolites Question: Insect chemicals are used to attract and what else? Answer: repel Question: What insect chemical benefits both the receiver and the producer? Answer: Synomones
Context: Elizabeth's personal fortune has been the subject of speculation for many years. Jock Colville, who was her former private secretary and a director of her bank, Coutts, estimated her wealth in 1971 at £2 million (equivalent to about £25 million today). In 1993, Buckingham Palace called estimates of £100 million "grossly overstated". She inherited an estimated £70 million estate from her mother in 2002. The Sunday Times Rich List 2015 estimated her private wealth at £340 million, making her the 302nd richest person in the UK. Question: What has been a subject of speculation concerning Elizabeth's wealth? Answer: personal fortune Question: What was Elizabeth's wealth extimated to be in 1971? Answer: £2 million Question: What did the palace call estimates of Elizabeth wealth in 1993? Answer: "grossly overstated" Question: What did the Sunday Times estimate Elizabeth's fortune to be in 2015? Answer: £340 million Question: Where does Elizabeth's wealth place her in the list of the richest in the UK? Answer: 302nd Question: In what year did Jock Colville become Elizabeth's private secretary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much was Elizabeth worth in 1993 according to Buckingham Palace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the wealthiest person in the UK as of 2015? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Jock Colville leave Elizabeth's service? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Jock Colville become the director of the Coutts bank? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Warsaw Pact (formally, the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, sometimes, informally WarPac, akin in format to NATO) was a collective defense treaty among Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the Paris Pacts of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe. Question: In which year was the Warsaw Pact established? Answer: 1955 Question: Which nation formed the nucleus of the Warsaw Pact? Answer: Soviet Union Question: Which conflict was the impetus for the formation of the Pact? Answer: the Cold War Question: How many Soviet allied countries were members of the Warsaw Pact? Answer: seven Question: The acceptance of which country into NATO prompted the formation of the Warsaw Pact? Answer: West Germany Question: What was formally known as the Pact of Friendship? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which treaty included the Soviet Union and eight Soviet satellite states? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Paris Pacts of 1955 integrated whom into NATO? Answer: Unanswerable Question: East Germany was integrated in NATO in what year? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Paris department store had its roots in the magasin de nouveautés, or novelty store; the first, the Tapis Rouge, was created in 1784. They flourished in the early 19th century, with La Belle Jardiniere (1824), Aux Trois Quartiers (1829), and Le Petit Saint Thomas (1830). Balzac described their functioning in his novel César Birotteau. In the 1840s, with the arrival of the railroads in Paris and the increased number of shoppers they brought, they grew in size, and began to have large plate glass display windows, fixed prices and price tags, and advertising in newspapers. Question: What were the origins of the Paris department store? Answer: magasin de nouveautés Question: What year was the first Paris department store founded? Answer: 1784 Question: What book described the functionality and operation of a contemporary Paris department/novelty store? Answer: César Birotteau Question: What factors influenced the increase of department stores in Paris? Answer: the arrival of the railroads in Paris and the increased number of shoppers they brought Question: Where did department stores begin to advertise after the large influx of new shoppers? Answer: newspapers Question: What weren't the origins of the Paris department store? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was the last Paris department store founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was the first Paris department store closed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What factors influenced the decrease of department stores in Paris? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did department stores begin to advertise after the large influx of old shoppers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Alumnus Eero Saarinen, Finnish-American architect of such notable structures as the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal, Bell Labs Holmdel Complex and the CBS Building in Manhattan, designed Ingalls Rink at Yale and the newest residential colleges of Ezra Stiles and Morse. These latter were modelled after the medieval Italian hilltown of San Gimignano – a prototype chosen for the town's pedestrian-friendly milieu and fortress-like stone towers. These tower forms at Yale act in counterpoint to the college's many Gothic spires and Georgian cupolas. Question: Who created the Gateway Arch in St. Louis? Answer: Alumnus Eero Saarinen Question: What airport was designed by Alumnus Eero Saarinen? Answer: Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal Question: What did Alumnus Eero Saarinen use for inspiration for Ingalls Rink at Yale? Answer: the medieval Italian hilltown of San Gimignano Question: What counterpoints Yale's gothic towers? Answer: fortress-like stone towers Question: Of what nationality is Alumnus Eero Saarinen? Answer: Finnish-American Question: Who destroyed the Gateway Arch in St. Louis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What airport wasn't designed by Alumnus Eero Saarinen? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Alumnus Eero Saarinen not use for inspiration for Ingalls Rink at Yale? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What counterpoints Yale's hectic towers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Of what nationality isn't Alumnus Eero Saarinen? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Only 14% of the population speaks Portuguese, established as the official language in the colonial period. Almost half the population (44%) speaks Crioulo, a Portuguese-based creole language, and the remainder speak a variety of native African languages. The main religions are African traditional religions and Islam; there is a Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) minority. The country's per-capita gross domestic product is one of the lowest in the world. Question: What percentage of the population speaks Portuguese? Answer: 14% Question: What percentage of the population speaks Crioulo? Answer: 44% Question: What are the two main religions? Answer: African traditional religions and Islam Question: What is their gross domestic product status? Answer: one of the lowest in the world Question: What is the minority religion? Answer: Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)
Context: John's first wife, Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, was released from imprisonment in 1214; she remarried twice, and died in 1217. John's second wife, Isabella of Angoulême, left England for Angoulême soon after the king's death; she became a powerful regional leader, but largely abandoned the children she had had by John. John had five legitimate children, all by Isabella. His eldest son, Henry III, ruled as king for the majority of the 13th century. Richard became a noted European leader and ultimately the King of the Romans in the Holy Roman Empire. Joan married Alexander II of Scotland to become his queen consort. Isabella married the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. His youngest daughter, Eleanor, married William Marshal's son, also called William, and later the famous English rebel Simon de Montfort. John had a number of illegitimate children by various mistresses, including nine sons – Richard, Oliver, John, Geoffrey, Henry, Osbert Gifford, Eudes, Bartholomew and probably Philip – and three daughters – Joan, Maud and probably Isabel. Of these, Joan became the most famous, marrying Prince Llywelyn the Great of Wales. Question: When was Isabel released from imprisonment? Answer: 1214 Question: Who did Joan marry to become queen consort? Answer: Alexander II of Scotland Question: How many legitimate children did John have? Answer: five Question: Who was John's eldest son? Answer: Henry III
Context: Smaller private schools include Babson College, Bentley University, Boston Architectural College, Emmanuel College, Fisher College, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Simmons College, Wellesley College, Wheelock College, Wentworth Institute of Technology, New England School of Law (originally established as America's first all female law school), and Emerson College. Question: Babson College is what type of institution? Answer: Smaller private schools Question: What small private law school is located in Boston? Answer: New England School of Law Question: What was the name of Americas first all female law school? Answer: New England School of Law
Context: To finance state government operations, Alaska depends primarily on petroleum revenues and federal subsidies. This allows it to have the lowest individual tax burden in the United States. It is one of five states with no state sales tax, one of seven states that do not levy an individual income tax, and one of the two states that has neither. The Department of Revenue Tax Division reports regularly on the state's revenue sources. The Department also issues an annual summary of its operations, including new state laws that directly affect the tax division. Question: How does Alaska finance its state government operations? Answer: petroleum revenues and federal subsidies Question: How many states in the US do not have sales tax? Answer: five Question: How many US states do not collect an individual income tax? Answer: seven Question: Which state has the lowest tax burden of the entire US? Answer: Alaska Question: How doesn't Alaska finance its state government operations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many states in the UN do not have sales tax? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many states in the US have sales tax? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many UN states do not collect an individual income tax? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which state has the highest tax burden of the entire US? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Miami is also considered a "hot spot" for dance music, Freestyle, a style of dance music popular in the 80's and 90's heavily influenced by Electro, hip-hop, and disco. Many popular Freestyle acts such as Pretty Tony, Debbie Deb, Stevie B, and Exposé, originated in Miami. Indie/folk acts Cat Power and Iron & Wine are based in the city, while alternative hip hop artist Sage Francis, electro artist Uffie, and the electroclash duo Avenue D were born in Miami, but musically based elsewhere. Also, ska punk band Against All Authority is from Miami, and rock/metal bands Nonpoint and Marilyn Manson each formed in neighboring Fort Lauderdale. Cuban American female recording artist, Ana Cristina, was born in Miami in 1985. Question: Along with Electro and disco, what genre of music influenced Freestyle? Answer: hip-hop Question: What genre of music does Uffie perform? Answer: electro Question: Where did the band Nonpoint form? Answer: Fort Lauderdale Question: What is Ana Cristina's ethnicity? Answer: Cuban American Question: Along with Cat Power, what indie/folk musician is based in Miami? Answer: Iron & Wine Question: Along with Electro and disco, what genre of music never influenced Freestyle? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What genre of music doesn't Uffie perform? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where didn't the band Nonpoint form? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't Ana Cristina's ethnicity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Along with Cat Power, what indie/folk musician isn't based in Miami? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In terms of casting and production itself, Spielberg has a known penchant for working with actors and production members from his previous films. For instance, he has cast Richard Dreyfuss in several films: Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and Always. Aside from his role as Indiana Jones, Spielberg also cast Harrison Ford as a headteacher in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (though the scene was ultimately cut). Although Spielberg directed veteran voice actor Frank Welker only once (in Raiders of the Lost Ark, for which he voiced many of the animals), Welker has lent his voice in a number of productions Spielberg has executive produced from Gremlins to its sequel Gremlins 2: The New Batch, as well as The Land Before Time, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, and television shows such as Tiny Toons, Animaniacs, and SeaQuest DSV. Spielberg has used Tom Hanks on several occasions and has cast him in Saving Private Ryan, Catch Me If You Can, The Terminal, and Bridge of Spies. Spielberg has collaborated with Tom Cruise twice on Minority Report and War of the Worlds, and cast Shia LaBeouf in five films: Transformers, Eagle Eye, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, and Transformers: Dark of the Moon. Question: Which Spielberg films has Dreyfuss been in? Answer: Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and Always Question: Who was Ford going to play in E.T., until the scene was removed? Answer: a headteacher Question: Which Spielberg TV shows has Frank Welker been a voice actor for? Answer: Tiny Toons, Animaniacs, and SeaQuest DSV Question: Which Spielberg films has Tom Hanks been in? Answer: Saving Private Ryan, Catch Me If You Can, The Terminal, and Bridge of Spies Question: Which Spielberg films has Tom Cruise been in? Answer: Minority Report and War of the Worlds Question: What was Shia LaBeouf's first film? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What movie was Frank Welker's first voicework? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Richard Dreyfuss' first film? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who made a cameo in the finished version of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The English word Alps derives from the Latin Alpes (through French). Maurus Servius Honoratus, an ancient commentator of Virgil, says in his commentary (A. X 13) that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts. The term may be common to Italo-Celtic, because the Celtic languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp. Question: The English word Alps derives from what Latin Word? Answer: Alpes Question: Who says that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts? Answer: Maurus Servius Honoratus Question: What languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp? Answer: Celtic languages
Context: The largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports tycoon Stan Kroenke. Kroenke first launched a bid for the club in April 2007, and faced competition for shares from Red and White Securities, which acquired its first shares off David Dein in August 2007. Red & White Securities was co-owned by Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov and Iranian London-based financier Farhad Moshiri, though Usmanov bought Moshiri's stake in 2016. Kroenke came close to the 30% takeover threshold in November 2009, when he increased his holding to 18,594 shares (29.9%). In April 2011, Kroenke achieved a full takeover by purchasing the shareholdings of Nina Bracewell-Smith and Danny Fiszman, taking his shareholding to 62.89%. As of June 2015, Kroenke owns 41,698 shares (67.02%) and Red & White Securities own 18,695 shares (30.04%). Ivan Gazidis has been the club's Chief Executive since 2009. Question: What individual is the biggest shareholder on the Arsenal board? Answer: Stan Kroenke Question: What percentage of shares in Arsenal did Kroenke own by 2011? Answer: 62.89% Question: Who is Arsenal's Chief Executive? Answer: Ivan Gazidis Question: Who is Kroenke's chief competitor for Arsenal stock? Answer: Red & White Securities Question: In what year did Kreonke achieve take over of Arsenal stock? Answer: April 2011 Question: Who was Arsenal's chief executive prior to 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many shares did Red and White Securities own of Arsenal in 2007? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month and year did David Dein acquire his shares in Arsenal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what country was Ivan Gazidis born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Nina Bracewell-Smith and Danny Fiszman acquire their shares of Arsenal? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Middle Triassic spans from 247 million to 237 million years ago. The Middle Triassic featured the beginnings of the breakup of Pangaea, and the beginning of the Tethys Sea. The ecosystem had recovered from the devastation that was the Great Dying. Phytoplankton, coral, and crustaceans all had recovered, and the reptiles began to get bigger and bigger. New aquatic reptiles evolved such as Ichthyosaurs and Nothosaurs. Meanwhile, on land, Pine forests flourished, bringing along mosquitoes and fruit flies. The first ancient crocodilians evolved, which sparked competition with the large amphibians that had since ruled the freshwater world. Question: What is the span of years of the Middle Triassic? Answer: 247 million to 237 million Question: What continuing event began in the Middle Triassic? Answer: breakup of Pangaea Question: During the breakup of Pangaea, what sea was created? Answer: Tethys Sea Question: From what had the ecosystem had to recover? Answer: the Great Dying Question: What type of animal began to flourish and become increasingly large? Answer: reptiles Question: What continuing event ended in the Middle Triassic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what period did pine forests mostly die out? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During the formation of Pangaea, what sea was created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Pine forests brought about the demise of what insects? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Zhejiang, as the heartland of the Jiangnan (Yangtze River Delta), remained the wealthiest area during the Six Dynasties (220 or 222–589), Sui, and Tang. After being incorporated into the Sui dynasty, its economic richness was used for the Sui dynasty's ambitions to expand north and south, particularly into Korea and Vietnam. The plan led the Sui dynasty to restore and expand the network which became the Grand Canal of China. The Canal regularly transported grains and resources from Zhejiang, through its metropolitan center Hangzhou (and its hinterland along both the Zhe River and the shores of Hangzhou Bay), and from Suzhou, and thence to the North China Plain. The débâcle of the Korean war led to Sui's overthrow by the Tang, who then presided over a centuries-long golden age for the country. Zhejiang was an important economic center of the empire's Jiangnan East Circuit and was considered particularly prosperous. Throughout the Tang dynasty, The Grand Canal had remained effective, transporting grains and material resources to North China plain and metropolitan centers of the empire. As the Tang Dynasty disintegrated, Zhejiang constituted most of the territory of the regional kingdom of Wuyue. Question: When did the Six Dynasties end? Answer: 589 Question: What was the wealthiest area during the Six Dynasties? Answer: Zhejiang Question: Which dynasty restored and expanded the network that became the Grand Canal of China? Answer: the Sui dynasty Question: What river was one of the Grand Canal of China's hinterlands? Answer: the Zhe River Question: When did the Five Dynasties end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ended in 220? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What started in 579? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ocean was one of the Grand Canal of China's hinterlands? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The war opened in the Balkans when Russian troops occupied provinces in modern Romania and began to cross the Danube. Led by Omar Pasha, the Ottomans fought a strong defensive battle and stopped the advance at Silistra. A separate action on the fort town of Kars in eastern Turkey led to a siege, and a Turkish attempt to reinforce the garrison was destroyed by a Russian fleet at Sinop. Fearing an Ottoman collapse, France and the UK rushed forces to Gallipoli. They then moved north to Varna in June, arriving just in time for the Russians to abandon Silistra. Aside from a minor skirmish at Constanța there was little for the allies to do. Karl Marx quipped that "there they are, the French doing nothing and the British helping them as fast as possible". Question: Where did the war begin? Answer: Balkans Question: Russian troops took over which provinces first? Answer: modern Romania Question: Who were the Ottomans led by? Answer: Omar Pasha Question: When the Turkish tried to provide reinforcements, where were they stopped at? Answer: Sinop Question: Who hurried their forces to Gallipoli when they feared the Ottoman for would collapse? Answer: France and the UK
Context: In recent years it has become common for many AC stations, particularly soft AC stations, to play primarily or exclusively Christmas music during the Christmas season in November and December. While these tend mostly to be contemporary seasonal recordings by the same few artists featured under the normal format, most stations will also air some vintage holiday tunes from older pop, MOR, and adult standards artists – such as Nat King Cole, Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, The Carpenters, Percy Faith, Johnny Mathis and Andy Williams – many of whom would never be played on these stations during the rest of the year. Question: What AC format is especially known for playing Christmas music in the Christmas season? Answer: soft AC Question: During what two months does the Christmas season take place? Answer: November and December Question: Along with Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, The Carpenters, Percy Faith and Andy Williams, who is an artist played on AC stations around Christmastime but not otherwise? Answer: Johnny Mathis
Context: There are four hundred securities listed on the stock exchange, of which almost three hundred are offshore funds and alternative investment structures attracted by Bermuda's regulatory environment. The Exchange specialises in listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds (including hedge fund structures) and depository receipt programmes. The BSX is a full member of the World Federation of Exchanges and is located in an OECD member nation. It also has Approved Stock Exchange status under Australia's Foreign Investment Fund (FIF) taxation rules and Designated Investment Exchange status by the UK's Financial Services Authority. Question: What does the Exchange specialize in? Answer: listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds Question: What is the BSX a member of? Answer: the World Federation of Exchanges Question: Where is the BSX located? Answer: an OECD member nation Question: Which foreign country offers the BSX Approved Stock Exchange Status? Answer: Australia Question: Where are there 300 securities listed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the BXS a full member of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the BXS located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does FFI stand for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The university owns several centers around the world used for international studies and research, conferences abroad, and alumni support. The university has had a presence in London, England, since 1968. Since 1998, its London center has been based in the former United University Club at 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square. The center enables the Colleges of Arts & Letters, Business Administration, Science, Engineering and the Law School to develop their own programs in London, as well as hosting conferences and symposia. Other Global Gateways are located in Beijing, Chicago, Dublin, Jerusalem and Rome. Question: In what year did Notre Dame first have a facility in England? Answer: 1968 Question: At which location is the London Center operated by Notre Dame found? Answer: 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square Question: Notre Dame has a center in Beijing, what is it referred to as? Answer: Global Gateways Question: In what year did the Suffolk Street location start to house a Notre Dame facility? Answer: 1998
Context: The character of John's relationship with his second wife, Isabella of Angoulême, is unclear. John married Isabella whilst she was relatively young – her exact date of birth is uncertain, and estimates place her between at most 15 and more probably towards nine years old at the time of her marriage.[nb 15] Even by the standards of the time, Isabella was married whilst very young. John did not provide a great deal of money for his wife's household and did not pass on much of the revenue from her lands, to the extent that historian Nicholas Vincent has described him as being "downright mean" towards Isabella. Vincent concluded that the marriage was not a particularly "amicable" one. Other aspects of their marriage suggest a closer, more positive relationship. Chroniclers recorded that John had a "mad infatuation" with Isabella, and certainly John had conjugal relationships with Isabella between at least 1207 and 1215; they had five children. In contrast to Vincent, historian William Chester Jordan concludes that the pair were a "companionable couple" who had a successful marriage by the standards of the day. Question: Who was John's second wife? Answer: Isabella of Angoulême Question: Nicholas Vincent was described as what? Answer: downright mean Question: When did John have conjugal relationships with Isabella? Answer: 1207 and 1215 Question: How many children did John and Isabella have? Answer: five children
Context: His next relationship was with Herta Haas, whom he married in 1940. Broz left for Belgrade after the April War, leaving Haas pregnant. In May 1941, she gave birth to their son, Aleksandar "Mišo" Broz. All throughout his relationship with Haas, Tito had maintained a promiscuous life and had a parallel relationship with Davorjanka Paunović, who, under the codename "Zdenka", served as a courier in the resistance and subsequently became his personal secretary. Haas and Tito suddenly parted company in 1943 in Jajce during the second meeting of AVNOJ after she reportedly walked in on him and Davorjanka. The last time Haas saw Broz was in 1946. Davorjanka died of tuberculosis in 1946 and Tito insisted that she be buried in the backyard of the Beli Dvor, his Belgrade residence. Question: Who did Tito marry in 1940? Answer: Herta Haas Question: When did Haas give birth to Tito's son? Answer: 1941 Question: What was the name of Tito's son born to him and Haas? Answer: Aleksandar "Mišo" Broz Question: With whom did Tito have a parallel life during his marriage to Haas? Answer: Davorjanka Paunović Question: When did Davorjanka die of Tuberculosis? Answer: 1946
Context: The English word "translation" derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and from fero, the supine form of which is latum—together meaning "a carrying across" or "a bringing across"). The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same Latin source or from the alternative Latin traducere ("to lead across" or "to bring across"). The Slavic and Germanic languages (except in the case of the Dutch equivalent, "vertaling"—a "re-language-ing") likewise use calques of these Latin sources. Question: What Latin word does the English word translation come from? Answer: translatio Question: What languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that come from the same Latin source? Answer: Romance Question: What does Latin's traducere mean in English? Answer: "to lead across" Question: Slavic and Germanic languages also use a similar loanword from what source? Answer: Latin Question: What does the Dutch word "vertaling" roughly translate to? Answer: "re-language-ing" Question: What French word does the English word translation come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What languages use equivalents of the German term "translation" that come from the same Latin source? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Russia's traducere mean in English? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the American word "vertaling" roughly translate to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language is always derived from Latin? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: By the time of John Seller's Atlas Maritima of 1670, "India Beyond the Ganges" had become "the East Indies" including China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific in a map that was every bit as distorted as Ptolemy's, despite the lapse of approximately 1500 years. That "east" in turn was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis, "the land of the rising sun," used since Roman times for "east." The world map of Jodocus Hondius of 1590 labels all of Asia from the Caspian to the Pacific as India Orientalis, shortly to appear in translation as the East Indies. Question: When was John Seller's Atlas Maritima? Answer: 1670 Question: What had "India Beyond the Ganges" become? Answer: the East Indies Question: China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific were included in what? Answer: "the East Indies" Question: What was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis, "the land of the rising sun"? Answer: "east" Question: What year did Jodocus Hondius make his world map? Answer: 1590
Context: The UNFPA supports programs in more than 150 countries, territories and areas spread across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Around three quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group and part of its Executive Committee. Question: In how many geographic regions does UNFPA operate? Answer: four Question: About what fraction of UNFPA's staff do field work? Answer: three quarters Question: UNFPA is part of what larger U.N. group? Answer: United Nations Development Group Question: UNFPA groups what area in the same geographic region as the Arab States? Answer: Europe Question: How many countries do not yet support UNFPA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What region is UNFPA solely located in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What groups are not yet involved with UNFPA? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What fraction of workers are located in Latin America? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many cultures define the transition into adultlike sexuality by specific biological or social milestones in an adolescent's life. For example, menarche (the first menstrual period of a female), or semenarche (the first ejaculation of a male) are frequent sexual defining points for many cultures. In addition to biological factors, an adolescent's sexual socialization is highly dependent upon whether their culture takes a restrictive or permissive attitude toward teen or premarital sexual activity. Restrictive cultures overtly discourage sexual activity in unmarried adolescents or until an adolescent undergoes a formal rite of passage. These cultures may attempt to restrict sexual activity by separating males and females throughout their development, or through public shaming and physical punishment when sexual activity does occur. In less restrictive cultures, there is more tolerance for displays of adolescent sexuality, or of the interaction between males and females in public and private spaces. Less restrictive cultures may tolerate some aspects of adolescent sexuality, while objecting to other aspects. For instance, some cultures find teenage sexual activity acceptable but teenage pregnancy highly undesirable. Other cultures do not object to teenage sexual activity or teenage pregnancy, as long as they occur after marriage. In permissive societies, overt sexual behavior among unmarried teens is perceived as acceptable, and is sometimes even encouraged. Regardless of whether a culture is restrictive or permissive, there are likely to be discrepancies in how females versus males are expected to express their sexuality. Cultures vary in how overt this double standard is—in some it is legally inscribed, while in others it is communicated through social convention. Lesbian, gay, bi-sexual and transsexual youth face much discrimination through bullying from those unlike them and may find telling others that they are gay to be a traumatic experience. The range of sexual attitudes that a culture embraces could thus be seen to affect the beliefs, lifestyles, and societal perceptions of its adolescents. Question: What word refers to the first ejactulation of a male? Answer: semenarche Question: What word refers to the first menstrual period in females? Answer: menarche Question: What is the term for a culture that discourages sexual activity in unmarried adolescents? Answer: Restrictive Question: What is the term for cultures that perceive sexual behavior among unmarried teens as acceptable or even encouraged? Answer: permissive Question: Are males and females expected to express their sexuality in the same ways or are there discrepancies between genders and cultures? Answer: discrepancies
Context: The end result is that the resonant antenna will efficiently feed a signal into the transmission line only when the source signal's frequency is close to that of the design frequency of the antenna, or one of the resonant multiples. This makes resonant antenna designs inherently narrowband, and they are most commonly used with a single target signal. They are particularly common on radar systems, where the same antenna is used for both broadcast and reception, or for radio and television broadcasts, where the antenna is working with a single frequency. They are less commonly used for reception where multiple channels are present, in which case additional modifications are used to increase the bandwidth, or entirely different antenna designs are used. Question: If your were unable to match the source frequency with the design frequency of the antenna what could you use? Answer: resonant multiples Question: What is the most common application of resonant antennas? Answer: single target signal Question: What antenna setup type is generally used for TV viewing? Answer: resonant Question: For use with more than one channel changes are made to increase what property? Answer: bandwidth
Context: New York is a prominent location for the American entertainment industry, with many films, television series, books, and other media being set there. As of 2012, New York City was the second largest center for filmmaking and television production in the United States, producing about 200 feature films annually, employing 130,000 individuals, and generating an estimated $7.1 billion in direct expenditures, and by volume, New York is the world leader in independent film production; one-third of all American independent films are produced in New York City. The Association of Independent Commercial Producers is also based in New York. In the first five months of 2014 alone, location filming for television pilots in New York City exceeded the record production levels for all of 2013, with New York surpassing Los Angeles as the top North American city for the same distinction during the 2013/2014 cycle. Question: Approximately how many feature films are made in New York City every year? Answer: 200 Question: How many New Yorkers work in the television and film industry? Answer: 130,000 Question: How much money does the New York film and television industry create every year? Answer: $7.1 billion Question: What United States city is the second most popular for pilot episode location filming? Answer: Los Angeles
Context: In mid-2015 the government of Zhejiang recognised folk religion as "civil religion" beginning the registration of more than twenty thousand folk religious associations. Buddhism has an important presence since its arrival in Zhejiang 1,800 years ago. Question: What year did the government of Zhejiang recognise folk religion as 'civil religion'? Answer: 2015 Question: When did Buddhism arrive in Zhejiang? Answer: 1,800 years ago Question: What has an important presence in Zhejiang since its arrival 1,800 years ago? Answer: Buddhism Question: What part of 2015 did the government of Zhejiang recognise folk religion as 'civil religion'? Answer: mid Question: More than how many thousand folk religious organisations were registered in Zhejiang in 2015? Answer: twenty Question: What year did the government of Zhejiang reject folk religion as 'civil religion'? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Buddhism leave Zhejiang? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has an important presence in Zhejiang since its departure 1,800 years ago? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What part of 2013 did the government of Zhejiang recognise folk religion as 'civil religion'? Answer: Unanswerable Question: More than how many hundred folk religious organisations were registered in Zhejiang in 2015? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Express highways such as Hu–Ning, Ning–He, Ning–Hang enable commuters to travel to Shanghai, Hefei, Hangzhou, and other important cities quickly and conveniently. Inside the city of Nanjing, there are 230 km (140 mi) of highways, with a highway coverage density of 3.38 kilometres per hundred square kilometrs (5.44 mi/100 sq mi). The total road coverage density of the city is 112.56 kilometres per hundred square kilometres (181.15 mi/100 sq mi). The two artery roads in Nanjing are Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong. The two roads cross in the city centre, Xinjiekou. Question: What type of highways let commuters get to cities fast? Answer: Express highways Question: How many miles of highways are in Nanjing? Answer: 140 mi Question: What are the names of the artery roads in Nanjing? Answer: Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong Question: Zhongshan Road and Hanzhong cross each other in what area of Nanjing? Answer: in the city centre, Xinjiekou Question: What is the total coverage of the city with roads, in miles? Answer: 181.15 mi/100 sq mi
Context: Cladistics is a technique borrowed from biology, where it was originally named phylogenetic systematics by Willi Hennig. In biology, the technique is used to determine the evolutionary relationships between different species. In its application in textual criticism, the text of a number of different manuscripts is entered into a computer, which records all the differences between them. The manuscripts are then grouped according to their shared characteristics. The difference between cladistics and more traditional forms of statistical analysis is that, rather than simply arranging the manuscripts into rough groupings according to their overall similarity, cladistics assumes that they are part of a branching family tree and uses that assumption to derive relationships between them. This makes it more like an automated approach to stemmatics. However, where there is a difference, the computer does not attempt to decide which reading is closer to the original text, and so does not indicate which branch of the tree is the "root"—which manuscript tradition is closest to the original. Other types of evidence must be used for that purpose. Question: What is the biological basis for Cladistics? Answer: to determine the evolutionary relationships between different species Question: How is evolution applied to textual criticism? Answer: manuscripts are then grouped according to their shared characteristics Question: How is cladistics similar to the stemmatic method? Answer: cladistics assumes that they are part of a branching family tree Question: What is the main difference between cladistics and stemmatics? Answer: does not indicate which branch of the tree is the "root" Question: What is a technique borrowed from physics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Phylogenetic systematics was originally called what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is cladistics the opposite of the stemmatic method? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the mathmatical basis for Cladistics? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: By August, the KPA had pushed back the ROK Army and the Eighth United States Army to the vicinity of Pusan in southeast Korea. In their southward advance, the KPA purged the Republic of Korea's intelligentsia by killing civil servants and intellectuals. On 20 August, General MacArthur warned North Korean leader Kim Il-sung that he was responsible for the KPA's atrocities. By September, the UN Command controlled the Pusan perimeter, enclosing about 10% of Korea, in a line partially defined by the Nakdong River. Question: How did the KPA hurt the Republic of Korea's intellectual core? Answer: by killing civil servants and intellectuals Question: Who was held responsible for the actions of the KPA? Answer: Kim Il-sung Question: Where did the Eighth United States and ROK get pushed back to? Answer: southeast Korea Question: What body of water provided a natural border to the UN command-controlled Pusan perimeter? Answer: Nakdong River Question: How much of Korea was under the control of the United Nations? Answer: 10%
Context: When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages heavily affected Utrecht. The prince-bishopric was involved in almost continuous conflicts with the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Guelders. The Veluwe region was seized by Guelders, but large areas in the modern province of Overijssel remained as the Oversticht. Question: What hapend when Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism Answer: the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops Question: What was part of the territory of bishopric Answer: not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast Question: What conflict affected Utrecht Answer: The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages heavily affected Utrecht Question: Who was in conflict with the prince bishopric Answer: the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Guelders Question: What region was seized Answer: The Veluwe region was seized by Guelders Question: What system ended the prince-bishops? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's territory extended to the west? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What conflicts did Utrecht manage to stay out of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were the allies of the prince-bishopric? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Maximilian was deeply dissatisfied with General Bazaine's decision to abandon the state capital of Chihuahua and immediately ordered Agustín B. Billaut to recapture the city. On December 11, 1865, Billaut with a force of 500 men took control of the city. By January 31, 1866 Billaut was ordered to leave Chihuahua, but he left behind 500 men to maintain control. At the zenith of their power, the imperialist forces controlled all but four states in Mexico; the only states to maintain strong opposition to the French were: Guerrero, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Baja California. Question: Who was deeply dissatisfied with Bazaine's decision to abandon Chihuahua? Answer: Maximilian Question: How many men did Billaut have when he recaptured the city? Answer: 500 Question: At its zenith, the imperialist forces controlled all but how many states in Mexico? Answer: four Question: Which four states opposed the French? Answer: Guerrero, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Baja California Question: In which year did Billaut capture Chihuahua? Answer: 1865
Context: Numerous immigrants have come as merchants and become a major part of the business community, including Lebanese, Indians, and other West African nationals. There is a high percentage of interracial marriage between ethnic Liberians and the Lebanese, resulting in a significant mixed-race population especially in and around Monrovia. A small minority of Liberians of European descent reside in the country.[better source needed] The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship to people of Black African descent. Question: There is high percentage of interracial marriage between what two groups? Answer: Liberians and the Lebanese Question: The interracial couples in Liberia result in what? Answer: a significant mixed-race population Question: Where do Liberians of European decent live? Answer: in the country Question: The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship of whom? Answer: Black African descent. Question: Who became a part of the athletic community? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is there is a high percentage of between Liberians and West African Nationals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where do Liberians of Black African descent live? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The business community results in what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where do A small minority of Indians live? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Scientific Revolution was a period when European ideas in classical physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other classical sciences were rejected and led to doctrines supplanting those that had prevailed from Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages which would lead to a transition to modern science. This period saw a fundamental transformation in scientific ideas across physics, astronomy, and biology, in institutions supporting scientific investigation, and in the more widely held picture of the universe. Individuals started to question all manners of things and it was this questioning that led to the Scientific Revolution, which in turn formed the foundations of contemporary sciences and the establishment of several modern scientific fields. Question: What s the Scientific Revolution? Answer: a period when European ideas in classical physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other classical sciences were rejected Question: What did the Scientific Revolution cause? Answer: a transition to modern science Question: What did the Scientific Revolution force people to do? Answer: question all manners of things Question: What did Scientific Revolution form? Answer: several modern scientific fields.
Context: Public priests were appointed by the collegia. Once elected, a priest held permanent religious authority from the eternal divine, which offered him lifetime influence, privilege and immunity. Therefore, civil and religious law limited the number and kind of religious offices allowed an individual and his family. Religious law was collegial and traditional; it informed political decisions, could overturn them, and was difficult to exploit for personal gain. Priesthood was a costly honour: in traditional Roman practice, a priest drew no stipend. Cult donations were the property of the deity, whose priest must provide cult regardless of shortfalls in public funding – this could mean subsidy of acolytes and all other cult maintenance from personal funds. For those who had reached their goal in the Cursus honorum, permanent priesthood was best sought or granted after a lifetime's service in military or political life, or preferably both: it was a particularly honourable and active form of retirement which fulfilled an essential public duty. For a freedman or slave, promotion as one of the Compitalia seviri offered a high local profile, and opportunities in local politics; and therefore business. During the Imperial era, priesthood of the Imperial cult offered provincial elites full Roman citizenship and public prominence beyond their single year in religious office; in effect, it was the first step in a provincial cursus honorum. In Rome, the same Imperial cult role was performed by the Arval Brethren, once an obscure Republican priesthood dedicated to several deities, then co-opted by Augustus as part of his religious reforms. The Arvals offered prayer and sacrifice to Roman state gods at various temples for the continued welfare of the Imperial family on their birthdays, accession anniversaries and to mark extraordinary events such as the quashing of conspiracy or revolt. Every January 3 they consecrated the annual vows and rendered any sacrifice promised in the previous year, provided the gods had kept the Imperial family safe for the contracted time. Question: What group selected public priests in Rome? Answer: collegia Question: What was the term of office for a priest in Rome? Answer: lifetime Question: What limited an individual's access to religious offices? Answer: law Question: Because of the lack of pay, what was the type of honor in being a priest? Answer: costly Question: What did a priesthood in the Imperial cult gain a provencial? Answer: Roman citizenship
Context: As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country. Question: As measured in 2010, how many deaths occurred for every 100,000 live births in the Congo? Answer: 560 Question: What does FGM stand for? Answer: Female genital mutilation Question: How many infants die for every 1,000 live births? Answer: 59.34 Question: What was the maternal mortality rate of the Congo in the year 2000? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the infant mortality rate of the Congo in 1990? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What procedure is common in the country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is female genital mutilation not found in the Congo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the infant mortality rate in South Africa? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: "We used a technique of laying our program out in general debate," he said. When we got to the amendment phase, we would offer our program as a substitute for the Johnson proposal. If we lost in the Committee of the Whole, then we would usually offer it as a motion to recommit and get a vote on that. And if we lost on the motion to recommit, our Republican members had a choice: They could vote against the Johnson program and say we did our best to come up with a better alternative. Or they could vote for it and make the same argument. Usually we lost; but when you're only 140 out of 435, you don't expect to win many. Question: What options do minority party have in amendment phase? Answer: offer our program as a substitute Question: If minority party loses committ of the whole, then what motion may be filed? Answer: motion to recommit and get a vote on that Question: If recommit fails, then what choice needs to be made by minority representatives? Answer: say we did our best to come up with a better alternative. Or they could vote for it and make the same argument Question: How many amendments are usually passed in the committee of the Whole per year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many amendments usually come up for a vote each year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What committee was created by Johnson? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Johnson usually lay out in a general debate for the Republicans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When the President loses in Committee of the Whole, then what can he file? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Museo Torres García is located in the Old Town, and exhibits Joaquín Torres García's unusual portraits of historical icons and cubist paintings akin to those of Picasso and Braque. The museum was established by Manolita Piña Torres, the widow of Torres Garcia, after his death in 1949. She also set up the García Torres Foundation, a private non-profit organization that organizes the paintings, drawings, original writings, archives, objects and furniture designed by the painter as well as the photographs, magazines and publications related to him. Question: The Museo Torres Garcia is located where? Answer: the Old Town Question: The Museo Torres Garcia exhibits whose unusual portraits? Answer: Joaquín Torres García Question: Who established The Museo Torres Garcia? Answer: Manolita Piña Torres Question: Manolita Pina Torres was the widow of who? Answer: Torres Garcia
Context: Nothing in the principle of any of the motors described above requires that the iron (steel) portions of the rotor actually rotate. If the soft magnetic material of the rotor is made in the form of a cylinder, then (except for the effect of hysteresis) torque is exerted only on the windings of the electromagnets. Taking advantage of this fact is the coreless or ironless DC motor, a specialized form of a PM DC motor. Optimized for rapid acceleration, these motors have a rotor that is constructed without any iron core. The rotor can take the form of a winding-filled cylinder, or a self-supporting structure comprising only the magnet wire and the bonding material. The rotor can fit inside the stator magnets; a magnetically soft stationary cylinder inside the rotor provides a return path for the stator magnetic flux. A second arrangement has the rotor winding basket surrounding the stator magnets. In that design, the rotor fits inside a magnetically soft cylinder that can serve as the housing for the motor, and likewise provides a return path for the flux. Question: A coreless DC motor is distinguished by what? Answer: rapid acceleration Question: What is absent in a coreless DC motor? Answer: iron core Question: What forms can the rotor take? Answer: winding-filled cylinder, or a self-supporting structure Question: A coreless RC motor is distinguished by what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is absent in a coreless RC motor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What forms can't the rotor take? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Alongside the capital, the most popular tourist destinations are Isfahan, Mashhad and Shiraz. In the early 2000s, the industry faced serious limitations in infrastructure, communications, industry standards and personnel training. The majority of the 300,000 tourist visas granted in 2003 were obtained by Asian Muslims, who presumably intended to visit important pilgrimage sites in Mashhad and Qom. Several organized tours from Germany, France and other European countries come to Iran annually to visit archaeological sites and monuments. In 2003, Iran ranked 68th in tourism revenues worldwide. According to UNESCO and the deputy head of research for Iran Travel and Tourism Organization (ITTO), Iran is rated 4th among the top 10 destinations in the Middle East. Domestic tourism in Iran is one of the largest in the world. Weak advertising, unstable regional conditions, a poor public image in some parts of the world, and absence of efficient planning schemes in the tourism sector have all hindered the growth of tourism. Question: What does Teheran, Isfahan, Mashhad, and Shiraz have in common? Answer: the most popular tourist destinations Question: How many tourist visas were granted in 2003? Answer: 300,000 Question: Which group made up the majority of granted tourist visas in 2003? Answer: Asian Muslims Question: In 2003, what was Iran's worldwide rank in tourism revenues? Answer: ranked 68th Question: What was Iran's rank in the top 10 Middle East destinations according to UNESCO? Answer: rated 4th
Context: The decline of the city reached its nadir with the War of Spanish Succession (1702–1709) that marked the end of the political and legal independence of the Kingdom of Valencia. During the War of the Spanish Succession, Valencia sided with Charles of Austria. On 24 January 1706, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, 1st Earl of Monmouth, led a handful of English cavalrymen into the city after riding south from Barcelona, capturing the nearby fortress at Sagunt, and bluffing the Spanish Bourbon army into withdrawal. Question: What war took place from 1702-1709? Answer: War of Spanish Succession Question: With whom did Valencia side in the War of Spanish Succession? Answer: Charles of Austria Question: When did English cavalry enter Valencia? Answer: 24 January 1706 Question: Who led the English cavalry into Valencia? Answer: Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, 1st Earl of Monmouth Question: What did Mordaunt capture on his way from Barcelona? Answer: fortress at Sagunt
Context: The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, with emperors coming to the throne only to be rapidly replaced by new usurpers. Military expenses increased steadily during the 3rd century, mainly in response to the war with Sassanid Persia, which revived in the middle of the 3rd century. The army doubled in size, and cavalry and smaller units replaced the legion as the main tactical unit. The need for revenue led to increased taxes and a decline in numbers of the curial, or landowning, class, and decreasing numbers of them willing to shoulder the burdens of holding office in their native towns. More bureaucrats were needed in the central administration to deal with the needs of the army, which led to complaints from civilians that there were more tax-collectors in the empire than tax-payers. Question: In what century did the Roman Empire achieve its greatest extent? Answer: the 2nd century AD Question: In what century did the revival of Persia occur under the Sassanids? Answer: 3rd century Question: How much did the size of the Roman army increase in the 3rd century? Answer: doubled Question: What did the need for increased revenue to pay for the Roman army lead to an increase in? Answer: taxes Question: What is another term for the Roman landowning class? Answer: curial
Context: From 1952 to 1964, most voters were registered Democrats, but the state voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election except for 1964. The following year, Congress passed and President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, providing for oversight of state practices and enforcement of constitutional voting rights for African Americans and other minorities in order to prevent the discrimination and disenfranchisement that had excluded most of them for decades from the political process. Question: Voter demographics of florida in the 1950's Answer: 1952 to 1964, most voters were registered Democrats, but the state voted for the Republican presidential candidate in every election except for 1964 Question: what did the voting rights act provide for Answer: Voting Rights Act of 1965, providing for oversight of state practices and enforcement of constitutional voting rights for African Americans and other minorities Question: what president signed the voting right act Answer: President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 Question: What were voter demographics in the 1940s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What president rejected the voting rights act of 1965? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What act was signed in 1967? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What act made it illegal for minorities to vote? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports. Question: What precious metals and minerals have yet to be utilized in the Republic of the Congo? Answer: base metal, gold, iron and phosphate Question: What business organization is the Congo a member of? Answer: Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa Question: How much land did the Congolese government agree to lease to South Africans in 2009? Answer: 200,000 hectares Question: What country doesn't have many metal deposits? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the South African government sign an agreement to lease land to Congolese farmers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country did the South African government lease land to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much land did South Africa lease to the Congo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did South Africa lease land to the Democratic Republic of Congo? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Menzies continued the expanded immigration program established under Chifley, and took important steps towards dismantling the White Australia Policy. In the early 1950s, external affairs minister Percy Spender helped to establish the Colombo Plan for providing economic aid to underdeveloped nations in Australia's region. Under that scheme many future Asian leaders studied in Australia. In 1958 the government replaced the Immigration Act's arbitrarily applied European language dictation test with an entry permit system, that reflected economic and skills criteria. In 1962, Menzies' Commonwealth Electoral Act provided that all Indigenous Australians should have the right to enrol and vote at federal elections (prior to this, indigenous people in Queensland, Western Australia and some in the Northern Territory had been excluded from voting unless they were ex-servicemen). In 1949 the Liberals appointed Dame Enid Lyons as the first woman to serve in an Australian Cabinet. Menzies remained a staunch supporter of links to the monarchy and British Commonwealth but formalised an alliance with the United States and concluded the Agreement on Commerce between Australia and Japan which was signed in July 1957 and launched post-war trade with Japan, beginning a growth of Australian exports of coal, iron ore and mineral resources that would steadily climb until Japan became Australia's largest trading partner. Question: What did the Immigration Act's entry permit system include? Answer: economic and skills criteria Question: Which ruling allowed indigenous Australians the right to vote? Answer: Menzies' Commonwealth Electoral Act Question: Who was the first women to serve on the Australian Cabinet? Answer: Dame Enid Lyons
Context: Meanwhile, the Chinese Ming dynasty fell to the rebellion of Li Zicheng (1606–1645) in 1644, yet his short-lived Shun dynasty was crushed by the Manchu invasion and the Han Chinese general Wu Sangui (1612–1678). China Daily states that when the following Qing dynasty replaced the Ming dynasty, it merely "strengthened administration of Tibet." However, Kolmaš states that the Dalai Lama was very observant of what was going on in China and accepted a Manchu invitation in 1640 to send envoys to their capital at Mukden in 1642, before the Ming collapsed. Dawa Norbu, William Rockhill, and George N. Patterson write that when the Shunzhi Emperor (r. 1644–1661) of the subsequent Qing dynasty invited the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso to Beijing in 1652, Shunzhi treated the Dalai Lama as an independent sovereign of Tibet. Patterson writes that this was an effort of Shunzhi to secure an alliance with Tibet that would ultimately lead to the establishment of Manchu rule over Mongolia. In this meeting with the Qing emperor, Goldstein asserts that the Dalai Lama was not someone to be trifled with due to his alliance with Mongol tribes, some of which were declared enemies of the Qing. Van Praag states that Tibet and the Dalai Lama's power was recognized by the "Manchu Emperor, the Mongolian Khans and Princes, and the rulers of Ladakh, Nepal, India, Bhutan, and Sikkim." Question: Who did the the Chinese Ming dynasty fall to? Answer: the rebellion of Li Zicheng Question: According to Kolmaš who accepted an invite from a Manchu to send envoys to the capital at Mukden? Answer: the Dalai Lama Question: Who was said to have treated the Dalai Lama as an independent sovereign of Tibet? Answer: Shunzhi
Context: Over two-thirds of Melburnians speak only English at home (68.1%). Chinese (mainly Cantonese and Mandarin) is the second-most-common language spoken at home (3.6%), with Greek third, Italian fourth and Vietnamese fifth, each with more than 100,000 speakers. Although Victoria's net interstate migration has fluctuated, the population of the Melbourne statistical division has grown by about 70,000 people a year since 2005. Melbourne has now attracted the largest proportion of international overseas immigrants (48,000) finding it outpacing Sydney's international migrant intake on percentage, along with having strong interstate migration from Sydney and other capitals due to more affordable housing and cost of living. Question: What percentage of Melburnians speak only English at home? Answer: 68.1% Question: What is the second-most-common language in Melborne? Answer: Chinese Question: The Melbourne statistical division population has grown by how many people each year since 2005? Answer: 70,000 Question: What factors make Melbourne more attractie than Sydney for overseas immigrants? Answer: more affordable housing and cost of living
Context: Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or "emptiness", widely attested in the Prajñāpāramitā sutras that emerged in his era. The concept of emptiness brings together other key Buddhist doctrines, particularly anatta and dependent origination, to refute the metaphysics of Sarvastivada and Sautrantika (extinct non-Mahayana schools). For Nagarjuna, it is not merely sentient beings that are empty of ātman; all phenomena (dharmas) are without any svabhava (literally "own-nature" or "self-nature"), and thus without any underlying essence; they are "empty" of being independent; thus the heterodox theories of svabhava circulating at the time were refuted on the basis of the doctrines of early Buddhism. Nagarjuna's school of thought is known as the Mādhyamaka. Some of the writings attributed to Nagarjuna made explicit references to Mahayana texts, but his philosophy was argued within the parameters set out by the agamas. He may have arrived at his positions from a desire to achieve a consistent exegesis of the Buddha's doctrine as recorded in the Canon. In the eyes of Nagarjuna the Buddha was not merely a forerunner, but the very founder of the Mādhyamaka system. Question: Nagarjuna's main contribution was the exposition of the concept of what? Answer: śūnyatā Question: What does sunyata mean? Answer: emptiness Question: Nagarjuna said that sentient beings are empty of what? Answer: ātman Question: What does dharmas mean? Answer: phenomena
Context: In some cases a wrestler may possess admirable physical traits but perceived mediocre public speaking abilities (such as Brock Lesnar), or their gimmick may be that of a "wild savage" needing a handler (such as Kamala). Such performers have historically employed a manager, who speaks on their behalf and adds to the performance. Managers have sometimes become major personalities, including Bobby Heenan, Paul Heyman, Ernie Roth, and Paul Bearer. A manager role may also be filled by a "valet", typically an appealing female who may participate in love triangle storylines, "damsel in distress" situations, and scripted fights with female wrestlers. Some of these have also gone on to become recognized stars, such as Tammy Lynn Sytch, Stacy Keibler, and Miss Elizabeth. Question: Who helps out a wrestler with poor speaking abilities? Answer: manager Question: What sometimes happens with managers? Answer: become major personalities Question: Who else can perform the manager role? Answer: "valet Question: Who might participate in a love triangle story? Answer: an appealing female
Context: The DIN system, officially DIN standard 4512 by Deutsches Institut für Normung (but still named Deutscher Normenausschuß (DNA) at this time), was published in January 1934. It grew out of drafts for a standardized method of sensitometry put forward by Deutscher Normenausschuß für Phototechnik as proposed by the committee for sensitometry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für photographische Forschung since 1930 and presented by Robert Luther (de) (1868–1945) and Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970) at the influential VIII. International Congress of Photography (German: Internationaler Kongreß für wissenschaftliche und angewandte Photographie) held in Dresden from August 3 to 8, 1931. Question: When was the DIN system established? Answer: January 1934 Question: Who created the DIN system? Answer: Deutsches Institut für Normung Question: What was proposed at the VIII International Congress of Photography? Answer: a standardized method of sensitometry Question: Who presented the idea that grew into the DIN? Answer: Robert Luther (de) (1868–1945) and Emanuel Goldberg (1881–1970) Question: Where was the VIII International Congress of Photography held? Answer: Dresden Question: When were the drafts by Deutscher Normenausschuß für Phototechnik made? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the abbreviation for the Deutscher Normenausschuß für Phototechnik drafts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Deutsche Gesellschaft für photographische Forschung founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Emanuel Goldberg from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who founded the VIII. International Congress of Photography? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The centre of Argentoratum proper was situated on the Grande Île (Cardo: current Rue du Dôme, Decumanus: current Rue des Hallebardes). The outline of the Roman "castrum" is visible in the street pattern in the Grande Ile. Many Roman artifacts have also been found along the current Route des Romains, the road that led to Argentoratum, in the suburb of Kœnigshoffen. This was where the largest burial places were situated, as well as the densest concentration of civilian dwelling places and commerces next to the camp. Among the most outstanding finds in Kœnigshoffen were (found in 1911–12) the fragments of a grand Mithraeum that had been shattered by early Christians in the fourth century. From the fourth century, Strasbourg was the seat of the Bishopric of Strasbourg (made an Archbishopric in 1988). Archaeological excavations below the current Église Saint-Étienne in 1948 and 1956 unearthed the apse of a church dating back to the late fourth or early fifth century, considered to be the oldest church in Alsace. It is supposed that this was the first seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Strasbourg. Question: What has been found along the current Route des Romains? Answer: Roman artifacts Question: Where was the centre of Argentoratum situated? Answer: Grande Île Question: Who shattered the fragments of a grand Mithraeum? Answer: Christians Question: When was the Bishopric of Strasbourg made an Archbishopric? Answer: 1988 Question: How many people live in Koenighhoffen as if 2015? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Bishopric of Strasbourg established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Route des Romains established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people have been excavated from the Roman burial places? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the grand Mithraeum? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence to Islam), and refrain from declaring each country's specific variety to be a separate language, because Literary Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam and the language of the Islamic sacred book, the Qur'an. Although, especially since the 1960s, the Darijas are occupying an increasing use and influence in the cultural life of these countries. Examples of cultural elements where Darijas' use became dominant include: theatre, film, music, television, advertisement, social media, folk-tale books and companies' names. Question: Along with Morocco and Tunisia, in what country are the Darijas spoken? Answer: Algeria Question: What is the liturgical language of Islam? Answer: Literary Arabic Question: In what language is the Qur'an written? Answer: Literary Arabic Question: What does the term Dariajs refer to? Answer: spoken North African languages Question: What is the dominant religion of North Africa? Answer: Islam Question: Where are the Darijas considered the same as other Arabic dialects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which countries tend to give preference to the Darijas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which language is the Darijas written? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the language of folk-tale books? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which language is the liturgical language of social media? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language: Question: Which Estonian poet's works were printed from 1810 to 1820? Answer: Kristjan Jaak Peterson Question: What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson poems on? Answer: patriotic and philosophical Question: When was Peterson born? Answer: March 14 Question: What is another name given for Peterson's birthday? Answer: Mother Tongue Day Question: What university did Peterson attend? Answer: German-language University of Dorpat Question: Which Estonian playwright works were printed from 1810 to 1820? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson novels on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose birthday is on March 13th? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What day is Father Tongue Day on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What university was Peterson rejected from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: While consulting for the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania on the EDVAC project, von Neumann wrote an incomplete First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. The paper, whose premature distribution nullified the patent claims of EDVAC designers J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, described a computer architecture in which the data and the program are both stored in the computer's memory in the same address space. This architecture is to this day the basis of modern computer design, unlike the earliest computers that were "programmed" using a separate memory device such as a paper tape or plugboard. Although the single-memory, stored program architecture is commonly called von Neumann architecture as a result of von Neumann's paper, the architecture's description was based on the work of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly, inventors of the ENIAC computer at the University of Pennsylvania. Question: What nullified patent claims of EDVAC designers? Answer: von Neumann wrote an incomplete First Draft of a Report Question: What was the significance of EDVAC? Answer: architecture is to this day the basis of modern computer design, Question: Where was ENIAC located? Answer: University of Pennsylvania
Context: For the popular taste however, light music, particularly Ghazals and folk songs, which have an appeal of their own, the names of Mehdi Hassan, Ghulam Ali, Nur Jehan, Malika Pukhraj, Farida Khanum, Roshen Ara Begum, and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan are well-known. Folk songs and dances of the Punjab reflect a wide range of moods: the rains, sowing and harvesting seasons. Luddi, Bhangra and Sammi depict the joy of living. Love legends of Heer Ranjha, Mirza Sahiban, Sohni Mahenwal and Saiful Mulk are sung in different styles. Question: What kind of music does Malika Pukhraj perform? Answer: Ghazals and folk songs Question: What do Punjab folk songs often reflect? Answer: the rains, sowing and harvesting seasons Question: Who sings about the joy of living? Answer: Luddi, Bhangra and Sammi Question: What does Heer Ranjha sing about? Answer: Love Question: What kind of music does Roshen Ara Begum perform? Answer: Ghazals and folk songs Question: What is the name of the singer that sings songs representing the rains? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote songs after the style of Sammi? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of songs are limited to a set number of moods? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What tends to be less popular with the people? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What songs use the same styling? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hong Taiji's bureaucracy was staffed with many Han Chinese, including many newly surrendered Ming officials. The Manchus' continued dominance was ensured by an ethnic quota for top bureaucratic appointments. Hong Taiji's reign also saw a fundamental change of policy towards his Han Chinese subjects. Nurhaci had treated Han in Liaodong differently according to how much grain they had, those with less than 5 to 7 sin were treated like chattel while those with more than that amount were rewarded with property. Due to a revolt by Han in Liaodong in 1623, Nurhachi, who previously gave concessions to conquered Han subjects in Liaodong, turned against them and ordered that they no longer be trusted; He enacted discriminatory policies and killings against them, while ordering that Han who assimilated to the Jurchen (in Jilin) before 1619 be treated equally as Jurchens were and not like the conquered Han in Liaodong. Hong Taiji instead incorporated them into the Jurchen "nation" as full (if not first-class) citizens, obligated to provide military service. By 1648, less than one-sixth of the bannermen were of Manchu ancestry. This change of policy not only increased Hong Taiji's manpower and reduced his military dependence on banners not under his personal control, it also greatly encouraged other Han Chinese subjects of the Ming dynasty to surrender and accept Jurchen rule when they were defeated militarily. Through these and other measures Hong Taiji was able to centralize power unto the office of the Khan, which in the long run prevented the Jurchen federation from fragmenting after his death. Question: Who included newly conquered Ming officials in his government? Answer: Hong Taiji Question: Where did a Han revolt occur? Answer: Liaodong Question: When did a Han revolt occur? Answer: 1623 Question: What proportion of bannerman were Manchu by 1648? Answer: one-sixth
Context: Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu. Question: What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report? Answer: unavailability of certain crucial data Question: Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2011 report? Answer: North Korea Question: What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2012 report? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Mass transit in New York City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, accounts for one in every three users of mass transit in the United States, and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Question: What fraction of United States rail riders call the New York City Metropolitan Area home? Answer: two-thirds
Context: After editing a book on John Stuart Mill's letters he planned to publish two books on the liberal order, The Constitution of Liberty and "The Creative Powers of a Free Civilization" (eventually the title for the second chapter of The Constitution of Liberty). He completed The Constitution of Liberty in May 1959, with publication in February 1960. Hayek was concerned "with that condition of men in which coercion of some by others is reduced as much as is possible in society". Hayek was disappointed that the book did not receive the same enthusiastic general reception as The Road to Serfdom had sixteen years before. Question: What topic were Hayek's next two books going to cover? Answer: the liberal order Question: Which of Hayek's books was not as well received as The Road to Serfdom? Answer: The Constitution of Liberty Question: As of the release of his 1960 book, how long had it been since The Road to Serfdom was released? Answer: sixteen years Question: What was the title of the his 1960 book's second chapter? Answer: The Creative Powers of a Free Civilization Question: How did Hayek feel about the success of the book he released in 1960? Answer: disappointed
Context: The 45 rpm discs also came in a variety known as extended play (EP), which achieved up to 10–15 minutes play at the expense of attenuating (and possibly compressing) the sound to reduce the width required by the groove. EP discs were cheaper to produce, and were used in cases where unit sales were likely to be more limited or to reissue LP albums on the smaller format for those people who had only 45 rpm players. LP albums could be purchased 1 EP at a time, with four items per EP, or in a boxed set with 3 EPs or 12 items. The large center hole on 45s allows for easier handling by jukebox mechanisms. EPs were generally discontinued by the late 1950s in the U.S. as three- and four-speed record players replaced the individual 45 players. One indication of the decline of the 45 rpm EP is that the last Columbia Records reissue of Frank Sinatra songs on 45 rpm EP records, called Frank Sinatra (Columbia B-2641) was issued on December 7, 1959. The EP lasted considerably longer in Europe, and was a popular format during the 1960s for recordings by artists such as Serge Gainsbourg and the Beatles. Question: What do the initials EP stand for? Answer: extended play Question: Why were 45s more popular with jukeboxes? Answer: The large center hole Question: What format was phased out by the end of the 1950s? Answer: EPs Question: What was a benefit of EPs over LPs? Answer: EP discs were cheaper
Context: In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sold on a domestic scale, although by the 7th century AD, beer was also being produced and sold by European monasteries. During the Industrial Revolution, the production of beer moved from artisanal manufacture to industrial manufacture, and domestic manufacture ceased to be significant by the end of the 19th century. The development of hydrometers and thermometers changed brewing by allowing the brewer more control of the process and greater knowledge of the results. Question: In what year did William IV adopt a purity law pertaining to beer? Answer: 1516 Question: What was the title of William IV in 1516? Answer: Duke of Bavaria Question: What was the name of the purity law that regulated beer in 1516, and is still in use today? Answer: Reinheitsgebot Question: Aside from water and hops, what is the only other ingredient allowed in beer? Answer: barley-malt Question: Who was the Duke of Bavaria in 1516? Answer: William IV Question: In 1517 William IV adopted which law pertaining to beer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What law stated that only ingredients in beer were to be water, hops and corn? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The development of thermometers was the main factor that changed brewing by allowing what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the purity law that reulated beer in 1500? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was adopted in 1615? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did William VI adopt? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the oldest food-quality law in use in the 19th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the development of hyrdrothermometers change? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Candidates for Freemasonry will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining before they are initiated. The process varies between jurisdictions, but the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge. In modern times, interested people often track down a local Lodge through the Internet. The onus is on candidates to ask to join; while candidates may be encouraged to ask, they are never invited. Once the initial inquiry is made, an interview usually follows to determine the candidate's suitability. If the candidate decides to proceed from here, the Lodge ballots on the application before he (or she, depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction) can be accepted. Question: How are Freemasons invited to join a lodge? Answer: they are never invited Question: How does one become a Freemason? Answer: The onus is on candidates to ask to join Question: Can women ask to be a member of the Masonic Lodge? Answer: depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction Question: How can you find a lodge to ask to be a member of? Answer: track down a local Lodge through the Internet Question: Candidates for Freemasonry must do what before being initiated? Answer: will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining Question: Candidates are normally introduced to the lodge by whom? Answer: a friend Question: Now days, many interested people find a Masonic Lodge using what? Answer: the Internet Question: Candidates are never what to a Masonic lodge? Answer: never invited Question: What usually follows an initial inquiry of a candidate? Answer: an interview Question: How are Freemasons asked to leave a lodge? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why can't anyone become a Freemason? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Can pets ask to be a member of the Masonic Lodge? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What always follows an initial inquiry of a candidate? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Taiping Rebellion in the mid-19th century was the first major instance of anti-Manchu sentiment threatening the stability of the dynasty. Hong Xiuquan, a failed civil service candidate, led the Taiping Rebellion, amid widespread social unrest and worsening famine. In 1851 Hong Xiuquan and others launched an uprising in Guizhou province, established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom with Hong himself as king, claiming he often had visions of God and that he was the brother of Jesus Christ. Slavery, concubinage, arranged marriage, opium smoking, footbinding, judicial torture, and the worship of idols were all banned. However, success and subsequent authority and power led to internal feuds, defections and corruption. In addition, British and French troops, equipped with modern weapons, had come to the assistance of the Qing imperial army. It was not until 1864 that Qing armies under Zeng Guofan succeeded in crushing the revolt. The rebellion not only posed the most serious threat towards Qing rulers; it was also "bloodiest civil war of all time." Between 20 and 30 million people died during its fourteen-year course from 1850 to 1864. After the outbreak of this rebellion, there were also revolts by the Muslims and Miao people of China against the Qing dynasty, most notably in the Dungan Revolt (1862–77) in the northwest and the Panthay Rebellion (1856–1873) in Yunnan. Question: What marked the first occurence of anti-Manchu feeling? Answer: The Taiping Rebellion Question: Who led the Rebellion? Answer: Hong Xiuquan Question: When did the Rebellion start? Answer: 1851 Question: What entity was established in Guizhou province? Answer: Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Question: Who was king of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom? Answer: Hong
Context: During the 1800s Christian missionaries from Great Britain and the United States followed traders to the Hawaiian islands. Long-termly, the Anglo-Saxon presence negatively impacted the level of regard Hawaiian royal women held for their own indigenous looks. For centuries prior the arrival of Christians, first nation Hawaiian aesthetics, such as dark skin and ample bodies, had been considered signs of nobility. No matter how much they adapted their mannerisms to Western standard, some of the Anglo-Saxon missionaries were relentless in referring to the indigenous women as "Hawaiian squaws." By the last half of the 19th century, some Hawaiian women began marrying European men who found them exotic. The men, however, selected Hawaiian women who were thinner and paler in complexion. Question: Who brought Christian missionaries to Hawaii? Answer: traders Question: What cause royal Hawaiian females to find themselves ugly? Answer: the Anglo-Saxon presence Question: What are some examples of how a noble person should look before Christians came? Answer: dark skin and ample bodies Question: What did westerners call the women of Hawaii? Answer: Hawaiian squaws Question: When would white men marry the paler and thinner Hawaiian ladies? Answer: By the last half of the 19th century Question: Where did Christian missionaries follow traders before the 1800s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who followed Christian missionaries to the Hawaiian Islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What positively impacted the level of regard Hawaiian royal women held for their own indigenous looks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was dark skin no longer considered a sign of nobility? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did European women start marrying Hawaiian men? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Athanasius's episcopate began on 9 May 328 as the Alexandrian Council elected Athanasius to succeed the aged Alexander. That council also denounced various heresies and schisms, many of which continued to preoccupy his 45-year-long episcopate (c. 8 June 328 – 2 May 373). Patriarch Athanasius spent over 17 years in five exiles ordered by four different Roman Emperors, not counting approximately six more incidents in which Athanasius fled Alexandria to escape people seeking to take his life. This gave rise to the expression "Athanasius contra mundum" or "Athanasius against the world". However, during his first years as bishop, Athanasius visited the churches of his territory, which at that time included all of Egypt and Libya. He established contacts with the hermits and monks of the desert, including Pachomius, which proved very valuable to him over the years. Shortly thereafter, Athanasius became occupied with the theological disputes against Arians within the Byzantine Empire that would occupy much of his life. Question: Who did Athanasius succeed? Answer: Alexander Question: How many exiles did he endure? Answer: five exiles Question: The churches of what countries were in his territory? Answer: Egypt and Libya Question: Was he united with the Arians in his beliefs? Answer: disputes against Arians Question: Who did Athanasius proceed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many exiles did he evade? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The churches of what countries were in not his territory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did he agree with in his beliefs? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After Babangida survived an abortive coup, he pushed back the promised return to democracy to 1992. Free and fair elections were finally held on 12 June 1993, with a presidential victory for Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola. Babangida annulled the elections, leading to mass civilian violent protests which effectively shut down the country for weeks. Babangida finally kept his promise to relinquish office to a civilian-run government, but not before appointing Ernest Shonekan as head of the interim government. Babangida's regime has been considered the most corrupt, and responsible for creating a culture of corruption in Nigeria. Question: To when did Babangida delay the return to democracy? Answer: 1992 Question: When did Nigeria finally hold a fair election? Answer: 12 June 1993 Question: Who won the 1993 Nigerian election? Answer: Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola Question: Babangida's reaction to the election results caused violent protests for how long? Answer: weeks Question: Who did Babangida appoint as head of an interim government when he finally stepped down? Answer: Ernest Shonekan
Context: About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in developing countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 – down from 2.58 million in 1990. In 2012, it is the second most common cause of deaths in children younger than five (0.76 million or 11%). Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age. Other long term problems that can result include stunted growth and poor intellectual development. Question: HOw many cases of diarrhea are there a year? Answer: 1.7 to 5 billion cases Question: How often do kids get diarrhea in developing countries? Answer: average three times a year Question: Frequent episodes of diarrhea are common in what type of cases? Answer: malnutrition Question: What long term issues can arise from frequent diarrhea? Answer: stunted growth and poor intellectual development Question: What do frequent episodes of stunted growth cause? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many cases of malnutrition happen per year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What long term issues can happen from frequent malnutrition? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How often do kids have malnutrition in developing countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the estimate of total deaths from stunted growth in 2013? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Von Neumann liked to eat and drink; his wife, Klara, said that he could count everything except calories. He enjoyed Yiddish and "off-color" humor (especially limericks). He was a non-smoker. At Princeton he received complaints for regularly playing extremely loud German march music on his gramophone, which distracted those in neighbouring offices, including Albert Einstein, from their work. Von Neumann did some of his best work blazingly fast in noisy, chaotic environments, and once admonished his wife for preparing a quiet study for him to work in. He never used it, preferring the couple's living room with its television playing loudly. Question: What type of "off color" humor did Von Neumann especially enjoy? Answer: limericks Question: What complaints did Von Neumann's neighbor's have? Answer: regularly playing extremely loud German march music Question: What famous neighbor did Von Neumann have that may have been distracted by the music Von Neumann played? Answer: Albert Einstein,
Context: In many non-US western countries a 'fourth hurdle' of cost effectiveness analysis has developed before new technologies can be provided. This focuses on the efficiency (in terms of the cost per QALY) of the technologies in question rather than their efficacy. In England and Wales NICE decides whether and in what circumstances drugs and technologies will be made available by the NHS, whilst similar arrangements exist with the Scottish Medicines Consortium in Scotland, and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee in Australia. A product must pass the threshold for cost-effectiveness if it is to be approved. Treatments must represent 'value for money' and a net benefit to society. Question: NICE decides the availability of drugs in which two countries? Answer: England and Wales Question: What is the name of the organization in Scotland that decides the availability of drugs? Answer: Scottish Medicines Consortium Question: What threshold must a drug pass before it is approved? Answer: cost-effectiveness Question: QALY decides the availability of drugs in which two countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the organization in Wales that decides the availability of drugs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What threshold must a Wales pass before it is approved? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does QALY decide whether decide in what circumstances drugs and technologies will be made available? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What must the NHS do in order to be approved? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Czech contains ten basic vowel phonemes, and three more found only in loanwords. They are /a/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /o/, and /u/, their long counterparts /aː/, /ɛː/, /iː/, /oː/ and /uː/, and three diphthongs, /ou̯/, /au̯/ and /ɛu̯/. The latter two diphthongs and the long /oː/ are exclusive to loanwords. Vowels are never reduced to schwa sounds when unstressed. Each word usually has primary stress on its first syllable, except for enclitics (minor, monosyllabic, unstressed syllables). In all words of more than two syllables, every odd-numbered syllable receives secondary stress. Stress is unrelated to vowel length, and the possibility of stressed short vowels and unstressed long vowels can be confusing to students whose native language combines the features (such as English). Question: How many basic vowel phonemes does Czech contain? Answer: ten Question: Where are three additional vowel phonemes found in Czech? Answer: loanwords Question: What are vowel sounds never reduced to when unstressed? Answer: schwa sounds Question: What a few exceptions where is the primary word stress in Czech? Answer: first syllable Question: What is stress unrelated to in Czech? Answer: vowel length Question: How many basic vowel phonemes are in English? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In English, where are three more phonemes found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are exclusive to loanwords in English? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are vowel sounds not reduced to when unstressed in English? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does each word usually have primary stress in English? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small amount, the current rating may be exceeded by a large amount, potentially damaging or destroying the LED. The typical solution is to use constant-current power supplies to keep the current below the LED's maximum current rating. Since most common power sources (batteries, mains) are constant-voltage sources, most LED fixtures must include a power converter, at least a current-limiting resistor. However, the high resistance of three-volt coin cells combined with the high differential resistance of nitride-based LEDs makes it possible to power such an LED from such a coin cell without an external resistor. Question: How are LEDs similar to other diodes? Answer: the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage Question: What can cause a large change in current in LEDs? Answer: a small change in voltage Question: What is a solution to preventing an LED failure? Answer: use constant-current power supplies Question: What feature do most LED fixtures need to have? Answer: a power converter Question: What is a constant-voltage source? Answer: batteries Question: How are non-LEDs similar to other diodes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can cause a large change in current in non-LEDs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a solution to preventing an non-LED failure? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What feature do no LED fixtures need to have? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2002, Spielberg was one of eight flagbearers who carried the Olympic Flag into Rice-Eccles Stadium at the Opening Ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City. In 2006, Premiere listed him as the most powerful and influential figure in the motion picture industry. Time listed him as one of the 100 Most Important People of the Century. At the end of the 20th century, Life named him the most influential person of his generation. In 2009, Boston University presented him an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree. Question: In which Olympics was Spielberg a flagbearer? Answer: 2002 Winter Olympic Games Question: Where was Spielberg an Olympic flagbearer? Answer: Salt Lake City Question: How did Time Magazine recognize Spielberg? Answer: one of the 100 Most Important People of the Century Question: How did Life Magazine recognize Spielberg? Answer: the most influential person of his generation Question: What honorary degree did Spielberg receive from Boston University? Answer: Doctor of Humane Letters Question: Where were the 2006 Winter Olympics held? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Rice-Eccles Stadium? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Spielberg attend college? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Time list as the most important person of the century? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Wine was considered the basic drink, consumed at all meals and occasions by all classes and was quite inexpensive. Cato the Elder once advised cutting his rations in half to conserve wine for the workforce. Many types of drinks involving grapes and honey were consumed as well. Drinking on an empty stomach was regarded as boorish and a sure sign for alcoholism, the debilitating physical and psychological effects of which were known to the Romans. An accurate accusation of being an alcoholic was an effective way to discredit political rivals. Prominent Roman alcoholics included Mark Antony, and Cicero's own son Marcus (Cicero Minor). Even Cato the Younger was known to be a heavy drinker.[citation needed] Question: What beverage was consumed by all the classes in the Roman Republic? Answer: Wine Question: What was considered a compelling way to defame poltical rivals? Answer: An accurate accusation of being an alcoholic Question: During what meals was wine commonly drank? Answer: all meals Question: What was considered an indication of alcoholism in the Roman Republic? Answer: Drinking on an empty stomach
Context: Birds play prominent and diverse roles in religion and mythology. In religion, birds may serve as either messengers or priests and leaders for a deity, such as in the Cult of Makemake, in which the Tangata manu of Easter Island served as chiefs or as attendants, as in the case of Hugin and Munin, the two common ravens who whispered news into the ears of the Norse god Odin. In several civilizations of ancient Italy, particularly Etruscan and Roman religion, priests were involved in augury, or interpreting the words of birds while the "auspex" (from which the word "auspicious" is derived) watched their activities to foretell events. They may also serve as religious symbols, as when Jonah (Hebrew: יוֹנָה, dove) embodied the fright, passivity, mourning, and beauty traditionally associated with doves. Birds have themselves been deified, as in the case of the common peacock, which is perceived as Mother Earth by the Dravidians of India. In religious images preserved from the Inca and Tiwanaku empires, birds are depicted in the process of transgressing boundaries between earthly and underground spiritual realms. Indigenous peoples of the central Andes maintain legends of birds passing to and from metaphysical worlds. The mythical chullumpi bird is said to mark the existence of a portal between such worlds, and to transform itself into a llama. Question: What play prominent roles in religion and mythology? Answer: Birds Question: The word auspicious is derived from which word? Answer: auspex Question: What is said to mark the existence of a portal between such worlds, and to transform itself into a llama? Answer: mythical chullumpi bird
Context: In mammals, preparation for digestion begins with the cephalic phase in which saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches. The stomach continues to break food down mechanically and chemically through churning and mixing with both acids and enzymes. Absorption occurs in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, and the process finishes with defecation. Question: What is the firs phase in preparation for digestion in mammals? Answer: the cephalic phase Question: What is the cephalic phase? Answer: saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach Question: What digestions begin in the mouth? Answer: Mechanical and chemical digestion Question: What happens in the stomach after the food is chewed and mixed with starches? Answer: The stomach continues to break food down mechanically and chemically through churning and mixing with both acids and enzymes Question: Where does absorption occur? Answer: in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract

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