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Context: On July 16, 1989, the Popular Front of Azerbaijan held its first congress and elected Abulfaz Elchibey, who would become President, as its Chairman. On August 19, 600,000 protesters jammed Baku’s Lenin Square (now Azadliq Square) to demand the release of political prisoners. In the second half of 1989, weapons were handed out in Nagorno-Karabakh. When Karabakhis got hold of small arms to replace hunting rifles and crossbows, casualties began to mount; bridges were blown up, roads were blockaded, and hostages were taken.
Question: When was Abulfaz Elchibey elected to Chairman of the Popular Front?
Answer: July 16, 1989
Question: How many protesters filled Lenin Square on August 19th?
Answer: 600,000
Question: What did the protesters want?
Answer: release of political prisoners |
Context: The Early Triassic was between 250 million to 247 million years ago and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet broken up, thus the interior was nothing but arid. The Earth had just witnessed a massive die-off in which 95% of all life went extinct. The most common life on earth were Lystrosaurus, Labyrinthodont, and Euparkeria along with many other creatures that managed to survive the Great Dying. Temnospondyli evolved during this time and would be the dominant predator for much of the Triassic.
Question: What era was 250 million to 247 million years ago?
Answer: Early Triassic
Question: What geologic climate was found in the Early Triassic?
Answer: deserts
Question: What landmass was still unbroken in the Early Triassic?
Answer: Pangaea
Question: What percentage of extinction of species had recently happened??
Answer: 95%
Question: What species had evolved after the extinction and would become the basic predator in the Triassic?
Answer: Temnospondyli
Question: What geologic climate was not found in the Early Triassic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of species growth had recently happened?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What landmass broke in the Earl Triassic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What species had evolved before the extinction and would become the basic predator in the Triassic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the most rare life on earth?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Among the challenges being faced to improve the efficiency of LED-based white light sources is the development of more efficient phosphors. As of 2010, the most efficient yellow phosphor is still the YAG phosphor, with less than 10% Stoke shift loss. Losses attributable to internal optical losses due to re-absorption in the LED chip and in the LED packaging itself account typically for another 10% to 30% of efficiency loss. Currently, in the area of phosphor LED development, much effort is being spent on optimizing these devices to higher light output and higher operation temperatures. For instance, the efficiency can be raised by adapting better package design or by using a more suitable type of phosphor. Conformal coating process is frequently used to address the issue of varying phosphor thickness.
Question: What can improve the efficiency of LED-based white light?
Answer: more efficient phosphors
Question: What is the most efficient yellow phosphor?
Answer: YAG phosphor
Question: What is the percentage of stoke shift loss in YAG phosphor?
Answer: less than 10%
Question: What area are scientists looking into regarding phosphor LED development?
Answer: higher operation temperatures
Question: What is one method that can raise the efficiency of phosphor-based LEDs?
Answer: adapting better package design
Question: What can improve the efficiency of non-LED-based white light?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the least efficient yellow phosphor?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the percentage of stoke shift loss in non-YAG phosphor?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What area are scientists looking into regarding phosphor non-LED development?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is one method that can lower the efficiency of phosphor-based LEDs?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Other lossy formats exist. Among these, mp3PRO, AAC, and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as MP3 and depend on roughly similar psychoacoustic models. The Fraunhofer Gesellschaft owns many of the basic patents underlying these formats as well, with others held by Dolby Labs, Sony, Thomson Consumer Electronics, and AT&T.
Question: AAC, mp3PRO and MP2 are all members of the same technological family as which other lossy format?
Answer: MP3
Question: What model type do all of the lossy formats roughly depend on?
Answer: psychoacoustic
Question: Which company owns many of the patents that cover the other formats?
Answer: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft |
Context: Copper is an essential trace element in plants and animals, but not some microorganisms. The human body contains copper at a level of about 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass. Stated differently, the RDA for copper in normal healthy adults is quoted as 0.97 mg/day and as 3.0 mg/day. Copper is absorbed in the gut, then transported to the liver bound to albumin. After processing in the liver, copper is distributed to other tissues in a second phase. Copper transport here involves the protein ceruloplasmin, which carries the majority of copper in blood. Ceruloplasmin also carries copper that is excreted in milk, and is particularly well-absorbed as a copper source. Copper in the body normally undergoes enterohepatic circulation (about 5 mg a day, vs. about 1 mg per day absorbed in the diet and excreted from the body), and the body is able to excrete some excess copper, if needed, via bile, which carries some copper out of the liver that is not then reabsorbed by the intestine.
Question: What is the level of copper in the human body?
Answer: 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass
Question: How is copper absorbed in humans?
Answer: in the gut
Question: What is copper bound with when it is sent to the liver?
Answer: albumin
Question: What protein carries the majority of copper in blood?
Answer: Ceruloplasmin
Question: How can the body get rid of excess copper?
Answer: via bile
Question: What is the level of copper in gold?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How is copper reflected in humans?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is copper bound with when it is sent to the brain?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What hero carries the majority of copper in blood?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How can the sand get rid of excess copper?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Theravada school spread south from India in the 3rd century BCE, to Sri Lanka and Thailand and Burma and later also Indonesia. The Dharmagupta school spread (also in 3rd century BCE) north to Kashmir, Gandhara and Bactria (Afghanistan).
Question: The Theravada school spread south from india in what century BCE?
Answer: 3rd century
Question: The Dharmagupta schol spread in what century to Kashmir?
Answer: 3rd century |
Context: As far back as the seventh century Japanese warriors wore a form of lamellar armor, this armor eventually evolved into the armor worn by the samurai. The first types of Japanese armors identified as samurai armor were known as yoroi. These early samurai armors were made from small individual scales known as kozane. The kozane were made from either iron or leather and were bound together into small strips, the strips were coated with lacquer to protect the kozane from water. A series of strips of kozane were then laced together with silk or leather lace and formed into a complete chest armor (dou or dō).
Question: What type of armor did Japanese wear in the 7th century?
Answer: a form of lamellar armor
Question: What was the first samurai armor called?
Answer: yoroi
Question: What were the small scales in yoroi called?
Answer: kozane
Question: What were kozane made of?
Answer: iron or leather
Question: What was a full chest armor called?
Answer: dou |
Context: Despite this glowing message by the Emperor, Chan writes that a year later in 1446, the Ming court cut off all relations with the Karmapa hierarchs. Until then, the court was unaware that Deshin Shekpa had died in 1415. The Ming court had believed that the representatives of the Karma Kagyu who continued to visit the Ming capital were sent by the Karmapa.
Question: Who did the Ming cut off all relations with?
Answer: the Karmapa hierarchs
Question: What year did the Ming cut off the Karmapa hierarchs?
Answer: 1446
Question: When did Deshin Shekpa die?
Answer: 1415
Question: Who did the Ming court think the representatives were sent by?
Answer: the Karmapa |
Context: When discussing peer relationships among adolescents it is also important to include information in regards to how they communicate with one another. An important aspect of communication is the channel used. Channel, in this respect, refers to the form of communication, be it face-to-face, email, text message, phone or other. Teens are heavy users of newer forms of communication such as text message and social-networking websites such as Facebook, especially when communicating with peers. Adolescents use online technology to experiment with emerging identities and to broaden their peer groups, such as increasing the amount of friends acquired on Facebook and other social media sites. Some adolescents use these newer channels to enhance relationships with peers however there can be negative uses as well such as cyberbullying, as mentioned previously, and negative impacts on the family.
Question: How do adolescents use online technology?
Answer: experiment with emerging identities and to broaden their peer groups
Question: To what does "channel" refer in terms if adolescent communication?
Answer: form of communication
Question: What is a potential negative effect of using newer online channels of communication?
Answer: cyberbullying |
Context: Balansiyya had a rebirth of sorts with the beginning of the Taifa of Valencia kingdom in the 11th century. The town grew, and during the reign of Abd al-Aziz a new city wall was built, remains of which are preserved throughout the Old City (Ciutat Vella) today. The Castilian nobleman Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, known as El Cid, who was intent on possessing his own principality on the Mediterranean, entered the province in command of a combined Christian and Moorish army and besieged the city beginning in 1092. By the time the siege ended in May 1094, he had carved out his own fiefdom—which he ruled from 15 June 1094 to July 1099. This victory was immortalised in the Lay of the Cid. During his rule, he converted nine mosques into churches and installed the French monk Jérôme as bishop of the See of Valencia. El Cid was killed in July 1099 while defending the city from an Almoravid siege, whereupon his wife Ximena Díaz ruled in his place for two years.
Question: What was El Cid's real name?
Answer: Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar
Question: When did El Cid die?
Answer: July 1099
Question: Who took El Cid's position after his death?
Answer: Ximena Díaz
Question: When did El Cid rule?
Answer: 15 June 1094 to July 1099
Question: Who was the ruler when the new city wall was constructed?
Answer: Abd al-Aziz |
Context: As of the 2010 census, there were 579,999 people, 230,233 households, and 144,120 families residing in the city. The population density was 956.4 inhabitants per square mile (321.9/km²). There were 256,930 housing units at an average density of 375.9 per square mile (145.1/km²).
Question: How many people were counted in the 2010 census?
Answer: 579,999
Question: How many households were recorded in the 2010 census
Answer: 230,233 households
Question: How many families were recorded in the 2010 census?
Answer: 144,120 families
Question: What was the density of the population per square mile?
Answer: 956.4
Question: How many housing units were there for the 2010 census?
Answer: 256,930 |
Context: A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and simplifying software configuration of all devices connected to USB, as well as permitting greater data rates for external devices. A team including Ajay Bhatt worked on the standard at Intel; the first integrated circuits supporting USB were produced by Intel in 1995.
Question: When did the seven companies begin developing USB's?
Answer: 1994
Question: How many companies developed USB's?
Answer: seven
Question: What was the goal for USB's?
Answer: to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs
Question: Who was included in a team that worked on the standard at Intel?
Answer: Ajay Bhatt |
Context: On May 20, 2011, Schwarzenegger's entertainment counsel announced that all movie projects currently in development were being halted: "Schwarzenegger is focusing on personal matters and is not willing to commit to any production schedules or timelines". On July 11, 2011, it was announced that Schwarzenegger was considering a comeback film despite his legal problems. He appeared in The Expendables 2 (2012), and starred in The Last Stand (2013), his first leading role in 10 years, and Escape Plan (2013), his first co-starring role alongside Sylvester Stallone. He starred in Sabotage, released in March 2014, and appeared in The Expendables 3, released in August 2014. He starred in the fifth Terminator movie Terminator Genisys in 2015 and will reprise his role as Conan the Barbarian in The Legend of Conan.
Question: On what date in 2011 was the hold on Schwarzenegger's movie projects announced?
Answer: May 20
Question: 2013's The Last Stand marked Schwarzenegger's first starring role in how long?
Answer: 10 years
Question: What was the first film Schwarzenegger co-starred in with Sylvester Stallone?
Answer: Escape Plan
Question: What's the title of the fifth film in the Terminator franchise?
Answer: Terminator Genisys
Question: What year did Terminator Genisys debut?
Answer: 2015 |
Context: The critic Joseph Bédier (1864–1938) launched a particularly withering attack on stemmatics in 1928. He surveyed editions of medieval French texts that were produced with the stemmatic method, and found that textual critics tended overwhelmingly to produce trees divided into just two branches. He concluded that this outcome was unlikely to have occurred by chance, and that therefore, the method was tending to produce bipartite stemmas regardless of the actual history of the witnesses. He suspected that editors tended to favor trees with two branches, as this would maximize the opportunities for editorial judgment (as there would be no third branch to "break the tie" whenever the witnesses disagreed). He also noted that, for many works, more than one reasonable stemma could be postulated, suggesting that the method was not as rigorous or as scientific as its proponents had claimed.
Question: What was Joseph Bédier's main criticism of the stemmatic method?
Answer: critics tended overwhelmingly to produce trees divided into just two branches.
Question: Why is a methos that only produces two branches seen as inferior?
Answer: the method was tending to produce bipartite stemmas regardless of the actual history of the witnesses.
Question: To what did Joseph Bédier attribute the prevalence of the stemmatic method?
Answer: editors tended to favor trees with two branches
Question: Why would editors only want two alternative branches when analyzing a text?
Answer: this would maximize the opportunities for editorial judgment
Question: What was the final implication of Joseph Bédier's analysis of the stemmatic method?
Answer: the method was not as rigorous or as scientific as its proponents had claimed.
Question: Why did Joseph Bédier prefer stemmatics?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why is a method that only produces two branches seen as the best?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Trees with two branches minimized opportunities for that?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When witnesses agree, what did the third branch do?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which method was more rigorous than originally claimed?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means "little black people" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish diminutive of negro, i.e., "little black person"); it is what the Spaniards called the short-statured, hunter-gatherer autochthones that they encountered in the Philippines. Despite this, Negritos are never referred to as black today, and doing so would cause offense. The term Negrito itself has come under criticism in countries like Malaysia, where it is now interchangeable with the more acceptable Semang, although this term actually refers to a specific group. The common Thai word for Negritos literally means "frizzy hair".
Question: Who were the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia?
Answer: The Negritos
Question: Where do the Negritos reside currently?
Answer: Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Question: What does Negrito mean?
Answer: "little black people"
Question: What language does the term Negrito come from?
Answer: Spanish
Question: What term is interchangable with Negrito?
Answer: Semang |
Context: The club's success in the late 1990s and first decade of the 21st century owed a great deal to the 1996 appointment of Arsène Wenger as manager. Wenger brought new tactics, a new training regime and several foreign players who complemented the existing English talent. Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–98 and a third in 2001–02. In addition, the club reached the final of the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup (losing on penalties to Galatasaray), were victorious in the 2003 and 2005 FA Cups, and won the Premier League in 2003–04 without losing a single match, an achievement which earned the side the nickname "The Invincibles". The feat came within a run of 49 league matches unbeaten from 7 May 2003 to 24 October 2004, a national record.
Question: What manager in the late 1990s brought success to Arsenal?
Answer: Arsène Wenger
Question: Besides improved tactics and training, what did Wenger add to the Arsenal team?
Answer: foreign players
Question: In what season did Arsenal win their second League and Cup double?
Answer: 1997–98
Question: What caused Arsenal's loss to Galatasarey in the 1999-2000 season?
Answer: penalties
Question: What trophy did Arsenal win in the 2003-2004 season without losing a match?
Answer: Premier League
Question: Who was the manager of Arsenal in 1995?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Arsenal's first League and Cup double?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did Arsenal win its FA Cup over in 2003?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did Arsenal win its FA Cup over in 2005?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Galatasaray reach its first UEFA Cup?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: However, early farmers were also adversely affected in times of famine, such as may be caused by drought or pests. In instances where agriculture had become the predominant way of life, the sensitivity to these shortages could be particularly acute, affecting agrarian populations to an extent that otherwise may not have been routinely experienced by prior hunter-gatherer communities. Nevertheless, agrarian communities generally proved successful, and their growth and the expansion of territory under cultivation continued.
Question: What were the causes of famine in early farm towns?
Answer: drought or pests
Question: What type of societies were not affected by famine?
Answer: hunter-gatherer communities
Question: What type of societies were usually still successful after dealing with famine?
Answer: agrarian communities
Question: What were the causes of cultivation in early farm towns?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of societies were not affected by cultivation?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of societies were usually still successful after dealing with cultivation?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What continued without shortages?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What could sensitivity to cultivation be?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Switzerland's most important economic sector is manufacturing. Manufacturing consists largely of the production of specialist chemicals, health and pharmaceutical goods, scientific and precision measuring instruments and musical instruments. The largest exported goods are chemicals (34% of exported goods), machines/electronics (20.9%), and precision instruments/watches (16.9%). Exported services amount to a third of exports. The service sector – especially banking and insurance, tourism, and international organisations – is another important industry for Switzerland.
Question: What is Switzerland's most important economic sector?
Answer: manufacturing
Question: What accounts for 34% of Switzerland's exported goods?
Answer: chemicals
Question: What accounts for 20.9% of Switzerland's exported goods?
Answer: machines/electronics
Question: What accounts for 16.9% of Switzerland's exported goods?
Answer: precision instruments/watches
Question: What percentage of exports are exported services?
Answer: a third |
Context: On 11 June 2009, four Uyghurs who had been held in the United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba, were transferred to Bermuda. The four men were among 22 Uyghurs who claimed to be refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan after fleeing the American aerial bombardment of Afghanistan. They were accused of training to assist the Taliban's military. They were cleared as safe for release from Guantánamo in 2005 or 2006, but US domestic law prohibited deporting them back to China, their country of citizenship, because the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.
Question: Where were the Uyghurs transferred from?
Answer: United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp
Question: What were the Uyghurs claiming to be?
Answer: refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan
Question: What were the Ugyhurs accused of?
Answer: training to assist the Taliban's military.
Question: Why weren't the Ugyhurs deported back to China?
Answer: the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.
Question: What happened on 9 June 2011?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many Uyghurs were transferred to Bermuda on 9 June 2011?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year were the Uyghurs captured fleeing America?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was cleared safe for release from Guantanamo in 2005?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Due to the top secret nature of the work, Los Alamos was isolated. In Feynman's own words, "There wasn't anything to do there." Bored, he indulged his curiosity by learning to pick the combination locks on cabinets and desks used to secure papers. Feynman played many jokes on colleagues. In one case he found the combination to a locked filing cabinet by trying the numbers he thought a physicist would use (it proved to be 27–18–28 after the base of natural logarithms, e = 2.71828...), and found that the three filing cabinets where a colleague kept a set of atomic bomb research notes all had the same combination. He left a series of notes in the cabinets as a prank, which initially spooked his colleague, Frederic de Hoffmann, into thinking a spy or saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets. On several occasions, Feynman drove to Albuquerque to see his ailing wife in a car borrowed from Klaus Fuchs, who was later discovered to be a real spy for the Soviets, transporting nuclear secrets in his car to Santa Fe.
Question: Feynman quickly bored of Los Alamos because the work was all kept __?
Answer: top secret
Question: How did Feynman spook a colleague?
Answer: left a series of notes in the cabinets
Question: What did Frederic de Hoffmann think had happened when he found these notes?
Answer: saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets
Question: Feynman visited his wife in which New Mexico city?
Answer: Albuquerque
Question: Feynman borrowed a car from Klaus Fuchs, who was later found to be a what?
Answer: spy for the Soviets
Question: How did Feynman help a colleague?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Frederic de Hoffmann think had happened when he stole these notes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which New England city did Feynman visit his wife in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did Feynman steal a car from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What job did Feynman's driver have?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities a level of progress on the fight against illegal drug-trafficking is being achieved. Tajikistan holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations (1216.3 kg of heroin and 267.8 kg of raw opium in the first half of 2006). Drug money corrupts the country's government; according to some experts the well-known personalities that fought on both sides of the civil war and have held the positions in the government after the armistice was signed are now involved in the drug trade. UNODC is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency.
Question: What is raised locally for the domestic market?
Answer: opium poppy
Question: What all has helped with the fight against drugs?
Answer: with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities
Question: Tajikistan is thrid in the world for what type of confiscations?
Answer: heroin and raw opium confiscations
Question: What is UNODC helping Tajikistan with to help the war on drugs?
Answer: strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency
Question: What is a major illegal source of income in Turkey?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: No progress has been achieved in the fight against what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who holds fourth place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Counterfeit money corrupts what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Specific studies of Slavic genetics followed. In 2007 Rębała and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland. The significant findings of this study are that:
Question: When did Rębała and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland?
Answer: 2007
Question: Who studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland?
Answer: Rębała
Question: In 2007 Rębała and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing what?
Answer: the Proto-Slavic homeland
Question: When was the Proto-Slavic homeland found?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who wanted to localize slavic populations?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Rębała study to localize the Slavic population?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did specific studies of Slavic genetics begin?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Several explanations have been offered for Yale’s representation in national elections since the end of the Vietnam War. Various sources note the spirit of campus activism that has existed at Yale since the 1960s, and the intellectual influence of Reverend William Sloane Coffin on many of the future candidates. Yale President Richard Levin attributes the run to Yale’s focus on creating "a laboratory for future leaders," an institutional priority that began during the tenure of Yale Presidents Alfred Whitney Griswold and Kingman Brewster. Richard H. Brodhead, former dean of Yale College and now president of Duke University, stated: "We do give very significant attention to orientation to the community in our admissions, and there is a very strong tradition of volunteerism at Yale." Yale historian Gaddis Smith notes "an ethos of organized activity" at Yale during the 20th century that led John Kerry to lead the Yale Political Union's Liberal Party, George Pataki the Conservative Party, and Joseph Lieberman to manage the Yale Daily News. Camille Paglia points to a history of networking and elitism: "It has to do with a web of friendships and affiliations built up in school." CNN suggests that George W. Bush benefited from preferential admissions policies for the "son and grandson of alumni", and for a "member of a politically influential family." New York Times correspondent Elisabeth Bumiller and The Atlantic Monthly correspondent James Fallows credit the culture of community and cooperation that exists between students, faculty, and administration, which downplays self-interest and reinforces commitment to others.
Question: Why did President Levin believe there were so many Yale alumni presidential candidates?
Answer: Yale’s focus on creating "a laboratory for future leaders,"
Question: Why did Richard Brodhead believe there were so many Yale alumni presidential candidates?
Answer: very strong tradition of volunteerism
Question: Why did Gaddis Smith believe John Kerry led Yale's Political Union Liberal Party?
Answer: an ethos of organized activity
Question: Why does CNN believe George W. Bush was accepted into Yale?
Answer: "son and grandson of alumni", and for a "member of a politically influential family."
Question: What does Elisabeth Bumiller believe the reasoning behind the amount of political Yale alumni is?
Answer: the culture of community and cooperation
Question: Why did President Levin believe there were so few Yale alumni presidential candidates?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why did Richard Brodhead believe there were so few Yale alumni presidential candidates?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why did Gaddis Smith believe John Kerry never led Yale's Political Union Liberal Party?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why does CNN believe George W. Bush was rejected from Yale?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Elisabeth Bumiller believe the reasoning behind the lack of political Yale alumni is?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1609, while still there, Smyth wrote a tract titled "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church." In it he expressed two propositions: first, infants are not to be baptized; and second, "Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism." Hence, his conviction was that a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been baptized on a personal confession of faith. He rejected the Separatist movement's doctrine of infant baptism (paedobaptism). Shortly thereafter, Smyth left the group, and layman Thomas Helwys took over the leadership, leading the church back to England in 1611. Ultimately, Smyth became committed to believers' baptism as the only biblical baptism. He was convinced on the basis of his interpretation of Scripture that infants would not be damned should they die in infancy.
Question: Smyth wrote a tract titled what?
Answer: "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church."
Question: What was his first proposition?
Answer: infants are not to be baptized
Question: What was his second proposition?
Answer: Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism
Question: Smyth believed a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been what?
Answer: baptized on a personal confession of faith
Question: What is paedobaptism?
Answer: infant baptism
Question: Smyth read a tract titled what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who proposed all infants to be baptized?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Smyth join the chuch with Thomas Helwys?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which movement think infants should never be baptized?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: While comics are often the work of a single creator, the labour of making them is frequently divided between a number of specialists. There may be separate writers and artists, and artists may specialize in parts of the artwork such as characters or backgrounds, as is common in Japan. Particularly in American superhero comic books, the art may be divided between a penciller, who lays out the artwork in pencil; an inker, who finishes the artwork in ink; a colourist; and a letterer, who adds the captions and speech balloons.
Question: Though one person typically creates the comic, there are usually a number of what involved in actually designing it?
Answer: specialists
Question: What is a person called who does the initial pencil work for the artwork?
Answer: penciller
Question: What does an inker do?
Answer: finishes the artwork in ink
Question: Though one person always creates the comic, there are usually a number of what involved in actually designing it?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is a person called who doesn't do the initial pencil work for the artwork?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is a person called who does the initial pen work for the artwork?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does an linker do?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What doesn't an inker do?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In mid May 1967, the Soviet Union issued warnings to Nasser of an impending Israeli attack on Syria. Although the chief of staff Mohamed Fawzi verified them as "baseless", Nasser took three successive steps that made the war virtually inevitable: On 14 May he deployed his troops in Sinai near the border with Israel, on 19 May he expelled the UN peacekeepers stationed in the Sinai Peninsula border with Israel, and on 23 May he closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping. On 26 May Nasser declared, "The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel".
Question: Who warned of impending Israeli attack on Syria in May 1967?
Answer: Soviet Union i
Question: Who found the claims of Israeli attack baseless?
Answer: Mohamed Fawzi
Question: How many steps did Nasser take in preparation for war?
Answer: three successive steps
Question: On what day did Nasser state "The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel?"
Answer: 23 May |
Context: In September 1939, Britain entered the Second World War, which lasted until 1945. During the war, many of London's children were evacuated to avoid the frequent aerial bombing. The suggestion by senior politician Lord Hailsham that the two princesses should be evacuated to Canada was rejected by Elizabeth's mother, who declared, "The children won't go without me. I won't leave without the King. And the King will never leave." Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret stayed at Balmoral Castle, Scotland, until Christmas 1939, when they moved to Sandringham House, Norfolk. From February to May 1940, they lived at Royal Lodge, Windsor, until moving to Windsor Castle, where they lived for most of the next five years. At Windsor, the princesses staged pantomimes at Christmas in aid of the Queen's Wool Fund, which bought yarn to knit into military garments. In 1940, the 14-year-old Elizabeth made her first radio broadcast during the BBC's Children's Hour, addressing other children who had been evacuated from the cities. She stated: "We are trying to do all we can to help our gallant sailors, soldiers and airmen, and we are trying, too, to bear our share of the danger and sadness of war. We know, every one of us, that in the end all will be well."
Question: When did Britain enter WWII?
Answer: September 1939
Question: Who recommended that the two princesses be evacuated to Canada?
Answer: Lord Hailsham
Question: Who rejected the idea of sending the princesses away?
Answer: Elizabeth's mother
Question: Where did the two princesses live for most of the war?
Answer: Windsor Castle
Question: When did Elizabeth make her first radio broadcast?
Answer: 1940
Question: In what year was the Queen's Wool Fund established?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did the BBC start Children's Hour?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How old was Elizabeth's sister in 1940?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Lord Hailsham become a senior politician?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what month of 1945 did the Second World War end?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inquiry. The number of individuals targeted should be evaluated not only in absolute terms, but also in relation to the overall size of the entire group. In addition to the numeric size of the targeted portion, its prominence within the group can be a useful consideration. If a specific part of the group is emblematic of the overall group, or is essential to its survival, that may support a finding that the part qualifies as substantial within the meaning of Article 4 [of the Tribunal's Statute]."
Question: Several considerations were involved in meeting the requirement to determine what?
Answer: when the targeted part is substantial enough
Question: What is the key aspect of the targeted part of the group at the starting point of the inquiry?
Answer: The numeric size
Question: The number of people targeted in a genocide should not be solely evaluated by what?
Answer: absolute terms
Question: In addition to the numeric size of a targeted group, what other consideration was useful to the ICTY?
Answer: prominence within the group
Question: What is determined after several individuals are involved in meeting the requirement?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the key aspect of the targeted part of the group at the absolute term?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What should the number of people targeted in Article 4 not be solely evaluated by?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What other consideration was useful to the Article 4 in addition to the numeric size of a targeted group?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the necessary emblematic?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)—the agency's grant-making arm—awards funds to state and local governments, public and private archives, colleges and universities, and other nonprofit organizations to preserve and publish historical records. Since 1964, the NHPRC has awarded some 4,500 grants.
Question: Which arm of NARA handles grants?
Answer: The National Historical Publications and Records Commission
Question: What year was The National Historical Publications and Records Commission established?
Answer: 1964
Question: About how many grants has the NHPRC awarded?
Answer: 4,500
Question: In what year did public and private archives begin taking grants?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many grants are awarded by the government annually?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many colleges and universities award grants to students each year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In 1964 what was the focus of curriculum in history classes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do many nonprofit organizations take part in to support students?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: To allow for greater movement while dancing and singing, Madonna was one of the earliest adopters of hands-free radio-frequency headset microphones, with the headset fastened over the ears or the top of the head, and the microphone capsule on a boom arm that extended to the mouth. Because of her prominent usage, the microphone design came to be known as the "Madonna mic". Metz noted that Madonna represents a paradox as she is often perceived as living her whole life as a performance. While her big-screen performances are panned, her live performances are critical successes. Madonna was the first artist to have her concert tours as reenactment of her music videos. Author Elin Diamond explained that reciprocally, the fact that images from Madonna's videos can be recreated in a live setting enhances the realism of the original videos. Thus her live performances have become the means by which mediatized representations are naturalized. Taraborrelli said that encompassing multimedia, latest technology and sound systems, Madonna's concerts and live performances are deemed as "extravagant show piece, a walking art show."
Question: What did Madonna use in her concerts?
Answer: hands-free radio-frequency headset microphones
Question: What was the microphone coined as?
Answer: "Madonna mic"
Question: Who is first to have reenactment of her music videos in concerts?
Answer: Madonna
Question: Whose concerts are extravagant live shows?
Answer: Madonna's |
Context: A squab is the name given to the young of domestic pigeons that are destined for the table. Like other domesticated pigeons, birds used for this purpose are descended from the rock pigeon (Columba livia). Special utility breeds with desirable characteristics are used. Two eggs are laid and incubated for about 17 days. When they hatch, the squabs are fed by both parents on "pigeon's milk", a thick secretion high in protein produced by the crop. Squabs grow rapidly, but are slow to fledge and are ready to leave the nest at 26 to 30 days weighing about 500 g (18 oz). By this time, the adult pigeons will have laid and be incubating another pair of eggs and a prolific pair should produce two squabs every four weeks during a breeding season lasting several months.
Question: What is the gourmet title given to pigeons ?
Answer: A squab
Question: From what variety of pigeon does the squab decen?
Answer: rock pigeon (Columba livia)
Question: Are squabs treated differently from other piegons by humans aside from consumption?
Answer: When they hatch, the squabs are fed by both parents on "pigeon's milk", a thick secretion high in protein produced by the crop
Question: How often are pigeons able to breed for the consumption process ?
Answer: a prolific pair should produce two squabs every four weeks during a breeding season lasting several months
Question: What is the gourmet title that was taken away from pigeons?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What variety of pigeon does the squab avoid?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why does the breeding season only last a few days?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many squabs do most pigeon pairs make in their lifetime?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organizations annual conclaves. The state has robust recreational lake trout and kokanee salmon fisheries in the west, walleye can be found in many parts of the state, while northern pike, smallmouth and largemouth bass fisheries as well as catfish and paddlefish can be found in the waters of eastern Montana. Robert Redford's 1992 film of Norman Mclean's novel, A River Runs Through It, was filmed in Montana and brought national attention to fly fishing and the state.
Question: Since when has Montana been a destination for trout fisheries?
Answer: 1930s
Question: What fishing organization has its home here?
Answer: Federation of Fly Fishers
Question: What type of fisheries does the state have?
Answer: trout and kokanee salmon fisheries
Question: What Robert Redford movie was shot here in 1002?
Answer: A River Runs Through It |
Context: The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists or "AUMF" was made law on 14 September 2001, to authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the attacks on 11 September 2001. It authorized the President to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on 11 September 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations or persons. Congress declares this is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution of 1973.
Question: What law was signed on Sep 14, 2001?
Answer: Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists
Question: Who did the AUMF authorize the US military attacking?
Answer: those responsible for the attacks on 11 September 2001
Question: What law did Congress refer to as a basic for the AUMF?
Answer: section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution
Question: When was the War Powers Resolution passed?
Answer: 1973
Question: What is UAMF also known as?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was made law on 11 September 2001?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What resolution was written in 1974?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the AUMF authorize Congress?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was made law on 11 September?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which section of AUMF authorized armed forces to respond?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What month was the War Powers Resolution signed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who authorized AUMF?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What previous resolution did AUMF contradict?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term "African" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it would give ammunition to those who were advocating repatriating black people back to Africa. In 1835, black leaders called upon Black Americans to remove the title of "African" from their institutions and replace it with "Negro" or "Colored American". A few institutions chose to keep their historic names, such as the African Methodist Episcopal Church. African Americans popularly used the terms "Negro" or "colored" for themselves until the late 1960s.
Question: Why did the use of "African" become an issue?
Answer: the majority of black people in the United States were native-born
Question: Why did blacks fear to identify as African?
Answer: would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US.
Question: What year did Black leaders call for this change in language?
Answer: 1835,
Question: What group decided to keep the "African" in their name?
Answer: the African Methodist Episcopal Church
Question: What terms did African Americans use instead?
Answer: "Negro" or "colored" |
Context: As Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the traditional enemy of Rome, lasted throughout most of the 5th century. The Eastern Empire was marked by closer relations between the political state and Christian Church, with doctrinal matters assuming an importance in eastern politics that they did not have in Western Europe. Legal developments included the codification of Roman law; the first effort—the Theodosian Code—was completed in 438. Under Emperor Justinian (r. 527–565), another compilation took place—the Corpus Juris Civilis. Justinian also oversaw the construction of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and the reconquest of North Africa from the Vandals and Italy from the Ostrogoths, under Belisarius (d. 565). The conquest of Italy was not complete, as a deadly outbreak of plague in 542 led to the rest of Justinian's reign concentrating on defensive measures rather than further conquests. At the emperor's death, the Byzantines had control of most of Italy, North Africa, and a small foothold in southern Spain. Justinian's reconquests have been criticised by historians for overextending his realm and setting the stage for the Muslim conquests, but many of the difficulties faced by Justinian's successors were due not just to over-taxation to pay for his wars but to the essentially civilian nature of the empire, which made raising troops difficult.
Question: In what century did the economic revival in the Eastern Roman Empire end?
Answer: 7th
Question: In what century was there peace with one of Rome's traditional enemies?
Answer: 5th
Question: Where did most of the invasion in the Eastern Roman Empire take place?
Answer: the Balkans
Question: What year saw the completion of the Theodosian Code?
Answer: 438
Question: Who was Emperor when the Corpus Juris Civilis was compiled?
Answer: Justinian |
Context: In Du "Cubisme" Metzinger and Gleizes explicitly related the sense of time to multiple perspective, giving symbolic expression to the notion of ‘duration’ proposed by the philosopher Henri Bergson according to which life is subjectively experienced as a continuum, with the past flowing into the present and the present merging into the future. The Salon Cubists used the faceted treatment of solid and space and effects of multiple viewpoints to convey a physical and psychological sense of the fluidity of consciousness, blurring the distinctions between past, present and future. One of the major theoretical innovations made by the Salon Cubists, independently of Picasso and Braque, was that of simultaneity, drawing to greater or lesser extent on theories of Henri Poincaré, Ernst Mach, Charles Henry, Maurice Princet, and Henri Bergson. With simultaneity, the concept of separate spatial and temporal dimensions was comprehensively challenged. Linear perspective developed during the Renaissance was vacated. The subject matter was no longer considered from a specific point of view at a moment in time, but built following a selection of successive viewpoints, i.e., as if viewed simultaneously from numerous angles (and in multiple dimensions) with the eye free to roam from one to the other.
Question: In Du Cubisme who so Metzinger and Gleizes relate the sense of time to?
Answer: Henri Bergson
Question: The Cubist used what kind of treatment of space and time?
Answer: The Salon Cubists
Question: In Du Cubisme who so Metzinger and Gleizes not relate the sense of time to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The Cubist didn't use what kind of treatment of space and time?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was not a symbolic expression?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of philosopher was Henri Bergson?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: As reflected in the 2010 United States Census, Alaska has a total of 355 incorporated cities and census-designated places (CDPs). The tally of cities includes four unified municipalities, essentially the equivalent of a consolidated city–county. The majority of these communities are located in the rural expanse of Alaska known as "The Bush" and are unconnected to the contiguous North American road network. The table at the bottom of this section lists the 100 largest cities and census-designated places in Alaska, in population order.
Question: What are CDPs?
Answer: census-designated places
Question: How many incorporated cities and CDPs does Alaska have, according to the 2010 Census?
Answer: 355
Question: Are the majority of CDPs connected or disconnected from the North American road network?
Answer: unconnected
Question: In what area are the majority of cities and CDPS located in Alaska?
Answer: "The Bush"
Question: What aren't CDPs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many corporated cities and CDPs does Alaska have, according to the 2010 Census?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many incorporated cities and CDPs does Alaska have, according to the 2012 Census?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Are the minority of CDPs connected or disconnected from the North American road network?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what area are the minority of cities and CDPS located in Alaska?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Plato describes the priestesses of Delphi and Dodona as frenzied women, obsessed by "mania" (μανία, "frenzy"), a Greek word he connected with mantis (μάντις, "prophet"). Frenzied women like Sibyls from whose lips the god speaks are recorded in the Near East as Mari in the second millennium BC. Although Crete had contacts with Mari from 2000 BC, there is no evidence that the ecstatic prophetic art existed during the Minoan and Mycenean ages. It is more probable that this art was introduced later from Anatolia and regenerated an existing oracular cult that was local to Delphi and dormant in several areas of Greece.
Question: Who describes Delphi and Dodona as frenzied women?
Answer: Plato
Question: What two women were said to be obsessed by "mania?"
Answer: Delphi and Dodona
Question: What Greek word is connected with mantis?
Answer: mania |
Context: During Andrés López Obrador's administration a political slogan was introduced: la Ciudad de la Esperanza ("The City of Hope"). This motto was quickly adopted as a city nickname, but has faded since the new motto Capital en Movimiento ("Capital in Movement") was adopted by the administration headed by Marcelo Ebrard, though the latter is not treated as often as a nickname in media. Since 2013, to refer to the City particularly in relation to government campaigns, the abbreviation CDMX has been used (from Ciudad de México).
Question: Who termed the slogan "la Ciudad de la Esperanza?"
Answer: Andrés López Obrador
Question: What is the nickname of the city that the government is trying to push now?
Answer: Capital en Movimiento
Question: How is the city commonly abbreviated?
Answer: CDMX
Question: When did the abbreviation CDMX begin to take hold?
Answer: 2013
Question: Who more recently tried to change the nickname of Mexico city?
Answer: Marcelo Ebrard |
Context: Brahmi evolved into a multiplicity of Brahmic scripts, many of which were used to write Sanskrit. Roughly contemporary with the Brahmi, Kharosthi was used in the northwest of the subcontinent. Sometime between the fourth and eighth centuries, the Gupta script, derived from Brahmi, became prevalent. Around the eighth century, the Śāradā script evolved out of the Gupta script. The latter was displaced in its turn by Devanagari in the 11th or 12th century, with intermediary stages such as the Siddhaṃ script. In East India, the Bengali alphabet, and, later, the Odia alphabet, were used.
Question: What types of script was used to write Sanskrit in the northwest part of Indai?
Answer: Kharosthi
Question: Around what time did the Gupta script become prevalent for writing Sanskrit?
Answer: between the fourth and eighth centuries
Question: Which script evolved from the Gupta script in the 8th century?
Answer: Śāradā
Question: Which script replaced the Gupta script?
Answer: Devanagari
Question: In what time period did the Devangari script become prevalent?
Answer: 11th or 12th century
Question: What were used to write Sanskrit?
Answer: Brahmic scripts
Question: What script was used in the northwest of India?
Answer: Kharosthi
Question: Between the forth and eighth century, what script evolved?
Answer: Gupta
Question: From what was Gupta derived?
Answer: Brahmi
Question: What script evolved from the Gupta script?
Answer: Śāradā
Question: What script was used in the northeast?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what centuries were the Brahmic scripts used?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the Brahmi script derived from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What script was the Devanagari script replace with in the 12th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What alphabet was mainly used in West India?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Controversy persists over whether the Rus’ were Varangians (Vikings) or Slavs. This uncertainty is due largely to a paucity of contemporary sources. Attempts to address this question instead rely on archaeological evidence, the accounts of foreign observers, legends and literature from centuries later. To some extent the controversy is related to the foundation myths of modern states in the region. According to the "Normanist" view, the Rus' were Scandinavians, while Russian and Ukrainian nationalist historians generally argue that the Rus' were themselves Slavs. Normanist theories focus on the earliest written source for the East Slavs, the Russian Primary Chronicle, although even this account was not produced until the 12th century. Nationalist accounts have suggested that the Rus' were present before the arrival of the Varangians, noting that only a handful of Scandinavian words can be found in modern Russian and that Scandinavian names in the early chronicles were soon replaced by Slavic names. Nevertheless, archaeological evidence from the area suggests that a Scandinavian population was present during the 10th century at the latest. On balance, it seems likely that the Rus' proper were a small minority of Scandinavians who formed an elite ruling class, while the great majority of their subjects were Slavs. Considering the linguistic arguments mounted by nationalist scholars, if the proto-Rus' were Scandinavians, they must have quickly become nativized, adopting Slavic languages and other cultural practices.
Question: What controversy currently surrounds the Rus?
Answer: whether the Rus’ were Varangians (Vikings) or Slavs
Question: What were the "Rus" accourding to the "Normanist"?
Answer: Scandinavians
Question: What did the Russians beleive the Rus were?
Answer: Slavs
Question: Which controversy surrounded the Rus in the past?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What certainty was largely to contemporary sources/
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Russian believe the Rus were not?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What account was written in the 1200's?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who formed a majority of the elite ruling class?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the "way of the warrior as death". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: "Those who are reluctant to give up their lives and embrace death are not true warriors.... Go to the battlefield firmly confident of victory, and you will come home with no wounds whatever. Engage in combat fully determined to die and you will be alive; wish to survive in the battle and you will surely meet death. When you leave the house determined not to see it again you will come home safely; when you have any thought of returning you will not return. You may not be in the wrong to think that the world is always subject to change, but the warrior must not entertain this way of thinking, for his fate is always determined."
Question: Who was Takeda's rival?
Answer: Uesugi Kenshin
Question: What did Uesugi encourage?
Answer: the "way of the warrior as death"
Question: What was Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki's occupation?
Answer: Japanese historian
Question: When was Takeda born?
Answer: 1521
Question: When was Uesugi born?
Answer: 1530 |
Context: Plymouth is home to the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) which conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory is an offshoot of the MBA. Together with the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute and the Diving Diseases Research Centre, these marine-related organisations form the Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory, which focuses on global issues of climate change and sustainability. It monitors the effects of ocean acidity on corals and shellfish and reports the results to the UK government. It also cultivates algae that could be used to make biofuels or in the treatment of waste water by using technology such as photo-bioreactors. It works alongside the Boots Group to investigate the use of algae in skin care protects, taking advantage of the chemicals they contain that adapt to protect themselves from the sun.
Question: What organization known as the MBA is based in Plymouth?
Answer: Marine Biological Association
Question: What Plymouth organization is named for Sir Alister Hardy?
Answer: Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences
Question: What marine facility is attached to the University of Plymouth?
Answer: Marine Institute
Question: What group are many of Plymouth's marine organizations a part of?
Answer: Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership
Question: What is the name of the aquarium present in Plymouth?
Answer: National Marine Aquarium |
Context: Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any setting in the first century and a half of Christian churches (33 AD to 180AD). The use of instruments for Christian worship during this period is also undocumented. Toward the end of the 2nd century, Christians began condemning the instruments themselves. Those who oppose instruments today believe these Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church,[citation needed] but there are significant differences between the teachings of these Church Fathers and Christian opposition to instruments today.
Question: What does the rejection of instruments in Christian music likely stem from?
Answer: an interpretation of history
Question: During what time is there no record of Christians using instruments for worship?
Answer: 33 AD to 180AD
Question: At what point did instruments begin to receive condemnation from Christians?
Answer: the 2nd century
Question: For what reason do modern Christians continue to oppose the use of instruments?
Answer: Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church
Question: What scriptures make negative judgments about instruments?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What scriptures does opposition to instruments come from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: During what time is there evidence of Christians using instruments for worship?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Christians condone starting in the 2nd century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Whose teachings are in line with today's opposition to instruments?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: During what time period was opposition to instruments being used in all settings discovered?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where does rejection of using instruments according to God's will come from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When is information about the use of instruments for Christian worship written?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Christians condemn from 33 AD to 180 AD?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do Church Fathers believe today about using instruments?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The most-viewed network in France, TF1, is in nearby Boulogne-Billancourt; France 2, France 3, Canal+, France 5, M6 (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Arte, D8, W9, NT1, NRJ 12, La Chaîne parlementaire, France 4, BFM TV, and Gulli are other stations located in and around the capital. Radio France, France's public radio broadcaster, and its various channels, is headquartered in Paris' 16th arrondissement. Radio France Internationale, another public broadcaster is also based in the city. Paris also holds the headquarters of the La Poste, France's national postal carrier.
Question: What is the most viewed television network in France?
Answer: TF1
Question: Where is TF1 located?
Answer: Boulogne-Billancourt
Question: What is France's public radio broadcaster?
Answer: Radio France
Question: What is the name of France's national postal carrier?
Answer: La Poste |
Context: The first Madressa established in North America, Al-Rashid Islamic Institute, was established in Cornwall, Ontario in 1983 and has graduates who are Hafiz (Quran) and Ulama. The seminary was established by Mazhar Alam under the direction of his teacher the leading Indian Tablighi scholar Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi and focuses on the traditional Hanafi school of thought and shuns Salafist / Wahabi teachings. Due to its proximity to the US border city of Messina the school has historically had a high ratio of US students. Their most prominent graduate Shaykh Muhammad Alshareef completed his Hifz in the early 1990s then went on to deviate from his traditional roots and form the Salafist organization the AlMaghrib Institute.
Question: When was the first madrasa started in North America?
Answer: 1983
Question: What country has many students that attend Al-Rashid Islamic Institute?
Answer: US
Question: Where is Al-Rashid Islamic Institute?
Answer: Cornwall, Ontario
Question: What organization did Shaykh Muhammad Alsahareef start?
Answer: AlMaghrib Institute
Question: When was the last madrasa started in North America?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What country has many students that don't attend Al-Rashid Islamic Institute?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where is Al-Rashid Muslim Institute?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What organization did Shaykh Muhammad Alsahareef tear down?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Ninety-five percent of bird species are socially monogamous. These species pair for at least the length of the breeding season or—in some cases—for several years or until the death of one mate. Monogamy allows for both paternal care and biparental care, which is especially important for species in which females require males' assistance for successful brood-rearing. Among many socially monogamous species, extra-pair copulation (infidelity) is common. Such behaviour typically occurs between dominant males and females paired with subordinate males, but may also be the result of forced copulation in ducks and other anatids. Female birds have sperm storage mechanisms that allow sperm from males to remain viable long after copulation, a hundred days in some species. Sperm from multiple males may compete through this mechanism. For females, possible benefits of extra-pair copulation include getting better genes for her offspring and insuring against the possibility of infertility in her mate. Males of species that engage in extra-pair copulations will closely guard their mates to ensure the parentage of the offspring that they raise.
Question: What percent of bird species are socially monogamous?
Answer: Ninety-five percent
Question: What is extra-pair copulation?
Answer: infidelity
Question: What do female birds have that allow sperm from males to remain viable long after copulation?
Answer: sperm storage mechanisms
Question: Why do males that engage in extra-pair copulation closely guard their mates?
Answer: to ensure the parentage of the offspring that they raise |
Context: Bronx native Nancy Savoca's 1989 comedy, True Love, explores two Italian-American Bronx sweethearts in the days before their wedding. The film, which debuted Annabella Sciorra and Ron Eldard as the betrothed couple, won the Grand Jury Prize at that year's Sundance Film Festival. The CBS television sitcom Becker, 1998–2004, was more ambiguous. The show starred Ted Danson as Dr. John Becker, a doctor who operated a small practice and was constantly annoyed by his patients, co-workers, friends, and practically everything and everybody else in his world. It showed his everyday life as a doctor working in a small clinic in the Bronx.
Question: When was 'True Love' released?
Answer: 1989
Question: What genre was 'True Love'?
Answer: comedy
Question: Who starred in 'True Love'?
Answer: Annabella Sciorra and Ron Eldard |
Context: A samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event. A wife's failure to produce a son was cause for divorce, but adoption of a male heir was considered an acceptable alternative to divorce. A samurai could divorce for personal reasons, even if he simply did not like his wife, but this was generally avoided as it would embarrass the person who had arranged the marriage. A woman could also arrange a divorce, although it would generally take the form of the samurai divorcing her. After a divorce samurai had to return the betrothal money, which often prevented divorces.
Question: How common was divorce for samurai?
Answer: rare
Question: What could samurai do instead of divorce if their wife couldn't produce a son?
Answer: adoption of a male heir
Question: Why did samurai avoid divorcing for reasons of dislike?
Answer: it would embarrass the person who had arranged the marriage
Question: What financial concern prevented divorce?
Answer: After a divorce samurai had to return the betrothal money |
Context: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated that zinc damages nerve receptors in the nose, which can cause anosmia. Reports of anosmia were also observed in the 1930s when zinc preparations were used in a failed attempt to prevent polio infections. On June 16, 2009, the FDA said that consumers should stop using zinc-based intranasal cold products and ordered their removal from store shelves. The FDA said the loss of smell can be life-threatening because people with impaired smell cannot detect leaking gas or smoke and cannot tell if food has spoiled before they eat it. Recent research suggests that the topical antimicrobial zinc pyrithione is a potent heat shock response inducer that may impair genomic integrity with induction of PARP-dependent energy crisis in cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes.
Question: What can zinc cause damage to in the nose?
Answer: nerve receptors
Question: Why was zinc being used in the 1930's?
Answer: polio infections
Question: What did the FDA order removed from stores in 2009?
Answer: zinc-based intranasal cold products
Question: What product is suggest as a potent heat shock response inducer?
Answer: antimicrobial zinc pyrithione
Question: What can zinc cause evolution to in the nose?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why was zinc outlawed in the 1930's?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the FDA order remove from stores in 1709?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What product is suggested as a potent cold shock response inducer?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however, analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the government halted reforms and started an anti-separatist campaign. Human rights organisations have been critical of the Beijing and Lhasa governments' approach to human rights in the region when cracking down on separatist convulsions that have occurred around monasteries and cities, most recently in the 2008 Tibetan unrest.
Question: When did Hu Yaobang visit Tibet?
Answer: 1980
Question: When did monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries start protesting for independence?
Answer: 1989
Question: What did the government do when it halted reforms?
Answer: started an anti-separatist campaign
Question: When was the most recent Tibetan unrest?
Answer: 2008
Question: For what have the Beijing and Lhasa goverments been criticized?
Answer: human rights
Question: Who visited Tibet in 1989?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who started protesting for independence in 1980?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What organisations have been critical of Tibet and Beijing's governments?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What protests are the 1980 independence protests compared to?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Songbirds and their associated symbolism appear throughout the novel. The family's last name of Finch also shares Lee's mother's maiden name. The titular mockingbird is a key motif of this theme, which first appears when Atticus, having given his children air-rifles for Christmas, allows their Uncle Jack to teach them to shoot. Atticus warns them that, although they can "shoot all the bluejays they want", they must remember that "it's a sin to kill a mockingbird". Confused, Scout approaches her neighbor Miss Maudie, who explains that mockingbirds never harm other living creatures. She points out that mockingbirds simply provide pleasure with their songs, saying, "They don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us." Writer Edwin Bruell summarized the symbolism when he wrote in 1964, "'To kill a mockingbird' is to kill that which is innocent and harmless—like Tom Robinson." Scholars have noted that Lee often returns to the mockingbird theme when trying to make a moral point.
Question: Which animal serves as a symbol throughout the book?
Answer: Songbirds
Question: Harper Lee's mother's maiden name was what?
Answer: Finch
Question: Which bird does Atticus Finch say is a "sin to kill?"
Answer: mockingbird
Question: According to Atticus, which bird is it a sin to shoot?
Answer: mockingbird
Question: According to Miss Maudie, which bird is never harmful?
Answer: mockingbird
Question: Symbolically, killing a mockingbird is killing what according to Edwin Bruell?
Answer: that which is innocent and harmless |
Context: In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was "to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama." Both Austen and Lee challenged the social status quo and valued individual worth over social standing. When Scout embarrasses her poorer classmate, Walter Cunningham, at the Finch home one day, Calpurnia, their black cook, chastises and punishes her for doing so. Atticus respects Calpurnia's judgment, and later in the book even stands up to his sister, the formidable Aunt Alexandra, when she strongly suggests they fire Calpurnia. One writer notes that Scout, "in Austenian fashion", satirizes women with whom she does not wish to identify. Literary critic Jean Blackall lists the priorities shared by the two authors: "affirmation of order in society, obedience, courtesy, and respect for the individual without regard for status".
Question: Who does the cooking at the Finch's house?
Answer: Calpurnia
Question: Who is Atticus Finch's sibling?
Answer: Aunt Alexandra
Question: Who does Scout Tease and humiliate at their house?
Answer: Walter Cunningham
Question: Which author did Lee aspire to be like?
Answer: Jane Austen
Question: Both authors valued what over social standing?
Answer: individual worth |
Context: Originally, the hardware architecture was so closely tied to the Mac OS operating system that it was impossible to boot an alternative operating system. The most common workaround, is to boot into Mac OS and then to hand over control to a Mac OS-based bootloader application. Used even by Apple for A/UX and MkLinux, this technique is no longer necessary since the introduction of Open Firmware-based PCI Macs, though it was formerly used for convenience on many Old World ROM systems due to bugs in the firmware implementation.[citation needed] Now, Mac hardware boots directly from Open Firmware in most PowerPC-based Macs or EFI in all Intel-based Macs.
Question: Which technique was once used to boot an alternate operating system than Mac OS?
Answer: boot into Mac OS and then to hand over control to a Mac OS-based bootloader application
Question: What was introduced that made using Mac OS alternative operating systems easier?
Answer: Open Firmware-based PCI Macs
Question: What were Open Firmware-based PCI Macs used as a convenience because of?
Answer: bugs in the firmware implementation
Question: Where does Mac hardware boot directly to in all Intel-based Macs?
Answer: EFI
Question: Where does Mac harware boot directly to in most PowerPC-based Macs?
Answer: Open Firmware
Question: Which technique was once used to boot an alternate operating system than Mac SO?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was introduced that made using Mac OP alternative operating systems easier?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were Open Firmware-based PIC Macs used as a convenience because of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where does Mac hardware boot indirectly to in all Intel-based Macs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where does Mac harware boot indirectly to in most PowerPC-based Macs?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labelled pirates as early as 1603. The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright. Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term "piracy" in relation to copyright infringement, stating "Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection." Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy."
Question: What did the Royal Charter give to the Stationers' Company of London?
Answer: monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter
Question: How does Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works use the term piracy?
Answer: in relation to copyright infringement
Question: What would happen if you imported a copyrighted work into a country where the original is protected by copyright law?
Answer: seized on importation
Question: When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights enacted?
Answer: 1994
Question: Piracy has been more recently described online in relation to what?
Answer: peer-to-peer file sharing networks
Question: What did the Royal Charter not give to the Stationers' Company of London?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How does Article 21 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works use the term piracy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What would happen if you imported a copyrighted work into a country where the original isn't protected by copyright law?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights repealed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Piracy has been less recently described online in relation to what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Other, prominent Motor City R&B stars in the 1950s and early 1960s was Nolan Strong, Andre Williams and Nathaniel Mayer – who all scored local and national hits on the Fortune Records label. According to Smokey Robinson, Strong was a primary influence on his voice as a teenager. The Fortune label was a family-operated label located on Third Avenue in Detroit, and was owned by the husband and wife team of Jack Brown and Devora Brown. Fortune, which also released country, gospel and rockabilly LPs and 45s, laid the groundwork for Motown, which became Detroit's most legendary record label.
Question: Who was a big influence on Smokey Robinson?
Answer: Nolan Strong
Question: What label operated in Third Avenue?
Answer: Fortune
Question: Who was Jack Brown's wife?
Answer: Devora Brown
Question: What label became Detroit's most famous?
Answer: Motown |
Context: The Queensboro Bridge is an important piece of cantilever architecture. The Manhattan Bridge, Throgs Neck Bridge, Triborough Bridge, and Verrazano-Narrows Bridge are all examples of Structural Expressionism.
Question: What architectural style does the Throgs Neck Bridge reflect?
Answer: Structural Expressionism
Question: The Queensboro Bridge utilized what type of construction?
Answer: cantilever |
Context: A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories of emotion, both of which see emotion as a purely internal process, with the environment only acting as a stimulus to the emotion. In contrast, a situationist perspective on emotion views emotion as the product of an organism investigating its environment, and observing the responses of other organisms. Emotion stimulates the evolution of social relationships, acting as a signal to mediate the behavior of other organisms. In some contexts, the expression of emotion (both voluntary and involuntary) could be seen as strategic moves in the transactions between different organisms. The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world. Griffiths and Scarantino suggested that this perspective on emotion could be helpful in understanding phobias, as well as the emotions of infants and animals.
Question: Who developed a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?
Answer: Paul E. Griffiths
Question: What factors did the situated perspective believe to be most important?
Answer: external
Question: The situated perspective was influenced by what school of thought?
Answer: situationism
Question: Along with infant and animal emotion, what did Scarantino and Griffiths believe the situated perspective could help to explain?
Answer: phobias
Question: Who didn't develop a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What factors did the situated perspective believe not to be most important?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The situated perspective was not influenced by what school of thought?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Along with infant and animal emotion, what did Scarantino and Griffiths believe the situated perspective could not help to explain?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Recent research indicates that the specialized animals that formed complex ecosystems, with high biodiversity, complex food webs and a variety of niches, took much longer to reestablish, recovery did not begin until the start of the mid-Triassic, 4M to 6M years after the extinction and was not complete until 30M years after the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Animal life was then dominated by various archosaurian reptiles: dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and aquatic reptiles such as ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and mosasaurs.
Question: What type of animals took longer to reestablish?
Answer: specialized animals
Question: When did recovery of these diverse animals begin?
Answer: mid-Triassic
Question: How long after the Permian-Triassic extinction did animal recovery take to completion?
Answer: 30M years
Question: What dominated animal life in the Triassic?
Answer: reptiles
Question: How many years after the extinction did animal recovery begin?
Answer: 4M to 6M
Question: What type of animals were especially quick to reestablish?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The recovery of many species failed during what period of the Triassic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What animal life was most at risk in the Triassic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many years of recovery did the extinction interrupt?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Also in the late 1970s, "direct-to-disc" records were produced, aimed at an audiophile niche market. These completely bypassed the use of magnetic tape in favor of a "purist" transcription directly to the master lacquer disc. Also during this period, half-speed mastered and "original master" records were released, using expensive state-of-the-art technology. A further late 1970s development was the Disco Eye-Cued system used mainly on Motown 12-inch singles released between 1978 and 1980. The introduction, drum-breaks, or choruses of a track were indicated by widely separated grooves, giving a visual cue to DJs mixing the records. The appearance of these records is similar to an LP, but they only contain one track each side.
Question: How did Disco Eye-Cued system benefit DJs?
Answer: visual cue to DJs mixing the records
Question: How did Disco Eye-Cued sysems differ from LPs?
Answer: only contain one track each side
Question: When was the Disco Eye-Cued System developed?
Answer: late 1970s
Question: What were direct to disc recordings expected to product?
Answer: a "purist" transcription
Question: When were 'half speed' and 'digitally remastered' recordings being released?
Answer: late 1970s |
Context: DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. Class 2 TEs do not use RNA as intermediate and are popular in bacteria, in metazoan it has also been found.
Question: What is a term that can describe how DNA transposons move?
Answer: cut and paste
Question: DNA transposons do not use which genetic material used by Class 1 TEs?
Answer: RNA
Question: What term describes how duplication happens in the genome?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do genome not use as intermediate?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What helps metozoan move?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what organism is duplication popular?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does cut and paste help metazoan do?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In September 1961, while working at Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, James R. Biard and Gary Pittman discovered near-infrared (900 nm) light emission from a tunnel diode they had constructed on a GaAs substrate. By October 1961, they had demonstrated efficient light emission and signal coupling between a GaAs p-n junction light emitter and an electrically-isolated semiconductor photodetector. On August 8, 1962, Biard and Pittman filed a patent titled "Semiconductor Radiant Diode" based on their findings, which described a zinc diffused p–n junction LED with a spaced cathode contact to allow for efficient emission of infrared light under forward bias. After establishing the priority of their work based on engineering notebooks predating submissions from G.E. Labs, RCA Research Labs, IBM Research Labs, Bell Labs, and Lincoln Lab at MIT, the U.S. patent office issued the two inventors the patent for the GaAs infrared (IR) light-emitting diode (U.S. Patent US3293513), the first practical LED. Immediately after filing the patent, Texas Instruments (TI) began a project to manufacture infrared diodes. In October 1962, TI announced the first LED commercial product (the SNX-100), which employed a pure GaAs crystal to emit a 890 nm light output. In October 1963, TI announced the first commercial hemispherical LED, the SNX-110.
Question: In what state what near-infrared light emission discovered?
Answer: Texas
Question: What type of diode was used to help discover near-infrared light emission?
Answer: tunnel
Question: In what year was the patent filed for the Semiconductor Radiant Diode?
Answer: 1962
Question: What was the first practical LED?
Answer: GaAs infrared (IR) light-emitting diode
Question: The two inventors of the first practical diode were employed by what famous company?
Answer: Texas Instruments (TI)
Question: In what state what not-infrared light emission discovered?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of diode was used to help discover non-infrared light emission?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the patent filed for the non-Semiconductor Radiant Diode?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the first non-practical LED?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The two inventors of the first practical non-diode were employed by what famous company?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Unusually among the Olympic deities, Apollo had two cult sites that had widespread influence: Delos and Delphi. In cult practice, Delian Apollo and Pythian Apollo (the Apollo of Delphi) were so distinct that they might both have shrines in the same locality. Apollo's cult was already fully established when written sources commenced, about 650 BCE. Apollo became extremely important to the Greek world as an oracular deity in the archaic period, and the frequency of theophoric names such as Apollodorus or Apollonios and cities named Apollonia testify to his popularity. Oracular sanctuaries to Apollo were established in other sites. In the 2nd and 3rd century CE, those at Didyma and Clarus pronounced the so-called "theological oracles", in which Apollo confirms that all deities are aspects or servants of an all-encompassing, highest deity. "In the 3rd century, Apollo fell silent. Julian the Apostate (359 - 61) tried to revive the Delphic oracle, but failed."
Question: which two cult sites had widespread infuence?
Answer: Delos and Delphi
Question: Who tried to revive the Delphic oracle?
Answer: Julian the Apostate
Question: In what did Apollo confirm that all deities are aspects of servants of an all-encopassing highest deity?
Answer: theological oracles |
Context: In 1985, Spielberg released The Color Purple, an adaptation of Alice Walker's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name, about a generation of empowered African-American women during depression-era America. Starring Whoopi Goldberg and future talk-show superstar Oprah Winfrey, the film was a box office smash and critics hailed Spielberg's successful foray into the dramatic genre. Roger Ebert proclaimed it the best film of the year and later entered it into his Great Films archive. The film received eleven Academy Award nominations, including two for Goldberg and Winfrey. However, much to the surprise of many, Spielberg did not get a Best Director nomination.
Question: Who wrote 'The Color Purple'?
Answer: Alice Walker
Question: What was 'The Color Purple' about?
Answer: a generation of empowered African-American women during depression-era America
Question: Who starred in 'The Color Purple'?
Answer: Whoopi Goldberg and future talk-show superstar Oprah Winfrey
Question: What did Ebert think of 'The Color Purple'?
Answer: proclaimed it the best film of the year and later entered it into his Great Films archive
Question: How many Oscar nominations did 'The Color Purple' get?
Answer: eleven
Question: In what year did the novel The Color Purple release?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Oprah Winfrey's first movie?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Whoopi Goldberg's first movie?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Westminster Abbey Museum is located in the 11th-century vaulted undercroft beneath the former monks' dormitory in Westminster Abbey. This is one of the oldest areas of the abbey, dating back almost to the foundation of the church by Edward the Confessor in 1065. This space has been used as a museum since 1908.
Question: What is located in the vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory?
Answer: The Westminster Abbey Museum
Question: The area the museum occupies dates back to when?
Answer: 1065
Question: The vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory has been a museum since when?
Answer: 1908
Question: What is located in the vaulted overcroft beneath the monks' dormitory?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is located in the vaulted undercroft above the monks' dormitory?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The area the store occupies dates back to when?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory hasn't been a museum since when?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The vaulted overcroft beneath the monks' dormitory has been a museum since when?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Region of Île de France, including Paris and its surrounding communities, is governed by the Regional Council, which has its headquarters in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. It is composed of 209 members representing the different communes within the region. On December 15, 2015, a list of candidates of the Union of the Right, a coalition of centrist and right-wing parties, led by Valérie Pécresse, narrowly won the regional election, defeating a coalition of Socialists and ecologists. The Socialists had governed the region for seventeen years. In 2016, the new regional council will have 121 members from the Union of the Right, 66 from the Union of the Left and 22 from the extreme right National Front.
Question: In which district is the Regional Coucil housed?
Answer: 7th
Question: For how many years did the socialists governed the region?
Answer: seventeen
Question: How many council members will they have in 2016 from the union of the Right?
Answer: 121
Question: Who led the Union of the Right?
Answer: Valérie Pécresse |
Context: In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data, "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation, including any underlying data sets". This move has been widely applauded by those who are working in the area of capacity building and knowledge sharing.[citation needed] Its terms have been called the most stringent among similar OA policies. As of January 1, 2015 their Open Access policy is effective for all new agreements.
Question: What did the foundation announce in November 2014
Answer: In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data
Question: What does the OA policy for publications and data do ?
Answer: open access (OA) policy for publications and data, "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation
Question: What does the OA policy cover ?
Answer: As of January 1, 2015 their Open Access policy is effective for all new agreements.
Question: In what year did Bill and Melinda Gates adopt open access policy for capacity building and knowledge sharing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the new agreement policy cover?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the OA policy for data sets do?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the most applauded among similar policies?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When is the publication and data policy effective for new agreements?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: On March 31, 2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface and increasing the time users spend on the site. Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented: "We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter." In May 2010, it was reported that YouTube was serving more than two billion videos a day, which it described as "nearly double the prime-time audience of all three major US television networks combined". In May 2011, YouTube reported in its company blog that the site was receiving more than three billion views per day. In January 2012, YouTube stated that the figure had increased to four billion videos streamed per day.
Question: What did youtube do on March 31 2010?
Answer: launched a new design
Question: Who was the Google product manager in 2010?
Answer: Shiva Rajaraman
Question: How many videos was youtube serving per day as of May 2010?
Answer: more than two billion
Question: How many views per day was youtube receiving as of May 2011?
Answer: more than three billion
Question: How many videos per day were streamed as of January 2012?
Answer: four billion
Question: What happened on March 30 2010?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was the Google product manager in 2009?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many videos was youtube serving per day as of May 2011?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many videos per day were streamed as of January 2014?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many views per day was youtube receiving as of May 2012?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did YouTube launch on March 13, 2010?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Rajaraman Shiva say about the new design?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many videos was YouTube serving per day in March 2010?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many views was YouTube recieving in March 2011?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many videos were being streamed per day in January 2010?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the James Bond series by Ian Fleming, James Bond, reads The Times. As described by Fleming in From Russia, with Love: "The Times was the only paper that Bond ever read."
Question: The author, Ian Fleming, created a fictional character named James Bond who prefers to only read what newspaper?
Answer: The Times
Question: What is the name of the spy and hero in Ian Fleming's books?
Answer: James Bond
Question: In what Ian Fleming novel is James Bond described as only reading The Times newspaper?
Answer: From Russia, with Love |
Context: Everton regularly take large numbers away from home both domestically and in European fixtures. The club implements a loyalty points scheme offering the first opportunity to purchase away tickets to season ticket holders who have attended the most away matches. Everton often sell out the full allocation in away grounds and tickets sell particularly well for North West England away matches. In October 2009, Everton took 7,000 travelling fans to Benfica, their largest ever away crowd in Europe since the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup Final.
Question: How many travelling fans did Everton bring with them to Benefica in 2009?
Answer: 7,000
Question: How does the Everton FC promote fans to purchase away tickets?
Answer: loyalty points
Question: In what year did Everton take 7,000 travelling fans with them to an away game?
Answer: 2009
Question: Aside from 2009, in what year did Everton FC bring the most fans with them to an away game?
Answer: 1985
Question: How many of Everton's travelling fans attended the 1985 European Cup Winner's Cup Final?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many season ticket holders does Everton have?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many travelling fans usually attend Benfica's games?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Everton start its loyalty points scheme?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what month was the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup Final held?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Also labeled an Orphist by Apollinaire, Marcel Duchamp was responsible for another extreme development inspired by Cubism. The ready-made arose from a joint consideration that the work itself is considered an object (just as a painting), and that it uses the material detritus of the world (as collage and papier collé in the Cubist construction and Assemblage). The next logical step, for Duchamp, was to present an ordinary object as a self-sufficient work of art representing only itself. In 1913 he attached a bicycle wheel to a kitchen stool and in 1914 selected a bottle-drying rack as a sculpture in its own right.
Question: By whom was Marcel Duchamp labeled an Orphanist?
Answer: Apollinaire
Question: What two items did Duchamp attach together in 1913?
Answer: a bicycle wheel to a kitchen stool
Question: What object did Duchamp select in 1914 as a scuplture by itself?
Answer: bottle-drying rack
Question: By whom was Marcel Duchamp labeled not an Orphanist?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What three items did Duchamp attach together in 1913?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What object did Duchamp select in 1912 as a scuplture by itself?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Duchamp not responsible for?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: LaserDisc's support for multiple audio tracks allowed for vast supplemental materials to be included on-disc and made it the first available format for "Special Edition" releases; the 1984 Criterion Collection edition of Citizen Kane is generally credited as being the first "Special Edition" release to home video,[citation needed] and for setting the standard by which future SE discs were measured. The disc provided interviews, commentary tracks, documentaries, still photographs, and other features for historians and collectors.
Question: LaserDisc was the first format to provide what type of releases to consumers?
Answer: "Special Edition"
Question: What was the first "Special Edition" film to be released to home video?
Answer: the 1984 Criterion Collection edition of Citizen Kane
Question: What bonus features were available on the first home video "Special Edition"?
Answer: interviews, commentary tracks, documentaries, still photographs
Question: What feature, unique to LaserDisc, made bonus content possible?
Answer: support for multiple audio tracks |
Context: As a result of the abolition of serfdom and the availability of education to the native Estonian-speaking population, an active Estonian nationalist movement developed in the 19th century.[citation needed] It began on a cultural level, resulting in the establishment of Estonian language literature, theatre and professional music and led on to the formation of the Estonian national identity and the Age of Awakening. Among the leaders of the movement were Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Jakob Hurt and Carl Robert Jakobson.
Question: What form of servitude was eliminated?
Answer: serfdom
Question: When did the Estonian nationalist movement begin?
Answer: 19th century
Question: The development of Estonian national identity was accompanied with what era?
Answer: the Age of Awakening
Question: Who were the leaders of the Age of Awakening?
Answer: Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Jakob Hurt and Carl Robert Jakobson. |
Context: The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to escort the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep the Olympic flame alight throughout the journey and to assist in transferring the flame between the torches, the lanterns and the cauldrons. They wear matching blue tracksuits and are intended to accompany the torch every step of the way. One of the torch attendants, dubbed "Second Right Brother," has developed a significant online fan-base, particularly among China's female netizens.
Question: How many attendants accompanied the flame during it's travels?
Answer: 30
Question: When were the 30 team members sworn in?
Answer: August 2007
Question: What were their official team outfits?
Answer: matching blue tracksuits
Question: Which team member has his own fan following?
Answer: Second Right Brother
Question: How many attendants were used from the People's Armed Police for the flame's entire journey?
Answer: 30
Question: When were these 30 sworn in?
Answer: August 2007
Question: What did these 30 attendants wear?
Answer: blue tracksuits
Question: What is the attendant who has a large fan base called?
Answer: Second Right Brother |
Context: Switzerland voted against membership in the European Economic Area in a referendum in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union (EU) and European countries through bilateral agreements. In March 2001, the Swiss people refused in a popular vote to start accession negotiations with the EU. In recent years, the Swiss have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with those of the EU in many ways, in an effort to enhance their international competitiveness. The economy grew at 3% in 2010, 1.9% in 2011, and 1% in 2012. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of some in the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this supported by the conservative SVP party. The western French-speaking areas and the urban regions of the rest of the country tend to be more pro-EU, however with far from any significant share of the population.
Question: How has Switzerland maintained its relationships with the EU?
Answer: through bilateral agreements
Question: In recent years, what have the Swiss brought their economic practices into conformity with?
Answer: the EU
Question: What have the Swiss tried to enhance by conforming to EU economic practices?
Answer: international competitiveness
Question: How much did the Swiss economy grow in 2010?
Answer: 3%
Question: Which conservative party is popularly against joining the EU?
Answer: SVP party |
Context: Paul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term "the cross of Christ" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus was not an isolated event in history, but a cosmic event with significant eschatological consequences, as in 1 Corinthians 2:8. In the Pauline view, Jesus, obedient to the point of death (Philippians 2:8) died "at the right time" (Romans 4:25) based on the plan of God. For Paul the "power of the cross" is not separable from the Resurrection of Jesus.
Question: Who's Christology focuses on the death and Resurrection?
Answer: Paul's Christology
Question: How is the crucifixion related to the resurrection per Paul?
Answer: directly related
Question: What term does Paul use for the Gospels?
Answer: the cross of Christ
Question: Paul claims the Resurrection was needed for what reason?
Answer: based on the plan of God
Question: How does Paul view the Resurrection of Jesus?
Answer: power of the cross
Question: At what time is it believed Paul wrote 1 Corinthians?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: By what plan did Paul write some of the Gospels?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When have cosmic events usually happened?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the birth of Jesus thought to be in history?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why is it believed that Paul was born?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: CSL, one of the world's top five biotech companies, and Sigma Pharmaceuticals have their headquarters in Melbourne. The two are the largest listed Australian pharmaceutical companies. Melbourne has an important ICT industry that employs over 60,000 people (one third of Australia's ICT workforce), with a turnover of $19.8 billion and export revenues of $615 million. In addition, tourism also plays an important role in Melbourne's economy, with about 7.6 million domestic visitors and 1.88 million international visitors in 2004. In 2008, Melbourne overtook Sydney with the amount of money that domestic tourists spent in the city, accounting for around $15.8 billion annually. Melbourne has been attracting an increasing share of domestic and international conference markets. Construction began in February 2006 of a $1 billion 5000-seat international convention centre, Hilton Hotel and commercial precinct adjacent to the Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Centre to link development along the Yarra River with the Southbank precinct and multibillion-dollar Docklands redevelopment.
Question: How many people are employed by the ICT industry in Melbourne?
Answer: 60,000
Question: What percentage of Australia's ICT workforce is imployed in Melbourne's ICT industry?
Answer: one third
Question: In 2008, Melbourne overtook what city with the amount of money that domestic tourists spent in the city?
Answer: Sydney
Question: How many international visitors did Melbourne have in 2004?
Answer: 1.88 million
Question: Domestic visitors spend about how much money in the city of Melbourne annually?
Answer: $15.8 billion |
Context: Incandescent light bulbs come in a range of shapes and sizes. The names of the shapes may be slightly different in some regions. Many of these shapes have a designation consisting of one or more letters followed by one or more numbers, e.g. A55 or PAR38. The letters represent the shape of the bulb. The numbers represent the maximum diameter, either in 1⁄8 of an inch, or in millimeters, depending on the shape and the region. For example, 63 mm reflectors are designated R63, but in the US, they are known as R20 (2.5 in). However, in both regions, a PAR38 reflector is known as PAR38.
Question: What do the letters identify in a bulb shape designation?
Answer: the shape of the bulb
Question: What do the numbers identify in a bulb shape designation?
Answer: the maximum diameter
Question: Can the name of a certain bulb shape vary?
Answer: The names of the shapes may be slightly different in some regions
Question: What units are the bulb sizes measured in?
Answer: 1⁄8 of an inch, or in millimeters
Question: What does not come in a range of shapes and sizes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is not different in some regions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How are incandescent light bulbs not designated?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What must the letters not represent on a bulb?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the number not represent on a bulb?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice.
Question: Which country has been ranked highest the most number of times?
Answer: Norway
Question: Which country has received the top rank twice?
Answer: Iceland
Question: Which country has been ranked lowest the most number of times?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which country has received the bottom rank twice?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the argument for the possibility of life on Europa. On 7 February 2008, a NASA team embarked on a mission to Lake Untersee, searching for extremophiles in its highly alkaline waters. If found, these resilient creatures could further bolster the argument for extraterrestrial life in extremely cold, methane-rich environments.
Question: What lake is thought to contain microbial life?
Answer: Lake Vostok
Question: To what does the frozen surface of Lake Vostok resemble?
Answer: Europa
Question: With what is Europa associated??
Answer: Jupiter's moon
Question: When did NASA go on an expedition to Lake Untersee?
Answer: 7 February 2008
Question: For what was NASA searching?
Answer: extremophiles
Question: What lake on Europe may conatin microbial life?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What planet might contain life?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What lake has a frozen surface similar to Jupiter?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who emberked on a mission to Lake Vostok in 2008?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was NASA searching for in Lake Vostok?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was drilled to about 400 ft?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What might Vostok's Lake contain?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do the waters in the lake share similarities with?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did a NASA team go on 8 February 2007?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Sunday Times has a significantly higher circulation than The Times, and sometimes outsells The Sunday Telegraph. As of January 2013, The Times has a circulation of 399,339 and The Sunday Times of 885,612.
Question: Which newspaper has a significantly higher circulation, The Sunday Times or The Times?
Answer: The Sunday Times
Question: As of January 2013, The Times has a circulation of how many people?
Answer: 399,339
Question: As of January 2013, The Sunday Times has a circulation of how many people?
Answer: 885,612 |
Context: Film speed is found from a plot of optical density vs. log of exposure for the film, known as the D–log H curve or Hurter–Driffield curve. There typically are five regions in the curve: the base + fog, the toe, the linear region, the shoulder, and the overexposed region. For black-and-white negative film, the “speed point” m is the point on the curve where density exceeds the base + fog density by 0.1 when the negative is developed so that a point n where the log of exposure is 1.3 units greater than the exposure at point m has a density 0.8 greater than the density at point m. The exposure Hm, in lux-s, is that for point m when the specified contrast condition is satisfied. The ISO arithmetic speed is determined from:
Question: What is the plot from which film speed is derived called?
Answer: the D–log H curve or Hurter–Driffield curve
Question: How many regions does the Hurter-Driffield curve have?
Answer: five
Question: What is plotted in the Hurter-Driffield curve?
Answer: a plot of optical density vs. log of exposure for the film
Question: What is denoted when the specified contrast condition is met?
Answer: The exposure Hm, in lux-s
Question: What are the five regions of the Hurter-Driffield curve?
Answer: the base + fog, the toe, the linear region, the shoulder, and the overexposed region
Question: What is film speed combined with to produce optical density?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is a plot of film speed vs. log of exposure called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many speed points are there in a black and white film?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the point at which density is 0.1 less than the base + fog?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the ISO arithmetic speed?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the humanities, one sense of culture, as an attribute of the individual, has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication, in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been seen to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies. Such hierarchical perspectives on culture are also found in class-based distinctions between a high culture of the social elite and a low culture, popular culture or folk culture of the lower classes, distinguished by the stratified access to cultural capital. In common parlance, culture is often used to refer specifically to the symbolic markers used by ethnic groups to distinguish themselves visibly from each other such as body modification, clothing or jewelry.[dubious – discuss] Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century. Some schools of philosophy, such as Marxism and critical theory, have argued that culture is often used politically as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness, such perspectives common in the discipline of cultural studies. In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions.
Question: What was sometimes used or worn by early humans to form some type of culture visibly?
Answer: body modification, clothing or jewelry
Question: Around what time did Mass Culture emerge?
Answer: 20th century
Question: What do some schools of philosophy suggest culture is used for?
Answer: as a tool of the elites to manipulate the lower classes and create a false consciousness
Question: What was sometimes used or worn by early humans to form some type of culture invisibly?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Around what time did Mass Culture end?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do no schools of philosophy suggest culture is used for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What school of philosophy argues that culture is never used politically?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What perspective holds that the basis of culture is found in devolved biological dispositions?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In Denmark—a country, like Britain, with a long tradition of brewing—a number of pubs have opened which eschew "theming", and which instead focus on the business of providing carefully conditioned beer, often independent of any particular brewery or chain, in an environment which would not be unfamiliar to a British pub-goer. Some import British cask ale, rather than beer in kegs, to provide the full British real ale experience to their customers. This newly established Danish interest in British cask beer and the British pub tradition is reflected by the fact that some 56 British cask beers were available at the 2008 European Beer Festival in Copenhagen, which was attended by more than 20,000 people.
Question: What continental European country has pubs that would be familiar to a Briton?
Answer: Denmark
Question: How many British cask beers were present at the 2008 European Beer Festival?
Answer: 56
Question: In what city did the 2008 European Beer Festival take place?
Answer: Copenhagen
Question: About how many people visited the 2008 European Beer Festival?
Answer: 20,000 |
Context: The Catholic Church uses wine in the celebration of the Eucharist because it is part of the tradition passed down through the ages starting with Jesus Christ at the Last Supper, where Catholics believe the consecrated bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ, a dogma known as transubstantiation. Wine is used (not grape juice) both due to its strong Scriptural roots, and also to follow the tradition set by the early Christian Church. The Code of Canon Law of the Catholic Church (1983), Canon 924 says that the wine used must be natural, made from grapes of the vine, and not corrupt. In some circumstances, a priest may obtain special permission to use grape juice for the consecration, however this is extremely rare and typically requires sufficient impetus to warrant such a dispensation, such as personal health of the priest.
Question: What church uses wine to celebrate the Eucharist?
Answer: The Catholic Church
Question: When was Jesus Christ known to have used wine in celebration?
Answer: the Last Supper
Question: Where in the Code of Canon Law does it say that wine must be natural and not corrupt?
Answer: Canon 924
Question: What may a priest use in place of wine for consecration for health reasons?
Answer: grape juice
Question: What is the Catholic dogma known as that believes that consecrated bread and wine from the Last Supper literally became the body and blood of Jesus Christ?
Answer: transubstantiation |
Context: During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve.
Question: What work did Hayek begin in 1923?
Answer: research assistant
Question: Where did Carl Menger and Friedrich von Wieser influence Hayek?
Answer: University of Vienna
Question: For whom did Hayek work upon being hired by Ludwig von Mises?
Answer: the Austrian government
Question: What was Hayek gathering during his time as a research assistant?
Answer: macroeconomic data
Question: What was the name of the professor Hayek worked for as a research assistant?
Answer: Jeremiah Jenks |
Context: Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, while much larger breeds may average as many as twelve.
Question: How long do female dogs carry before delivering puppies?
Answer: 58 to 68 days
Question: What is the average length of dog pregnancy?
Answer: 63 days
Question: What is the average number of pups in a litter?
Answer: about six
Question: For small dogs, what is the average number of pups in a litter?
Answer: one to four
Question: What is the average for a dog to bear her litter?
Answer: 63 days
Question: What is the average number of pups per litter?
Answer: six
Question: Smaller dogs tend to have how many pups per litter?
Answer: one to four |
Context: The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.
Question: How many self-identified LGB people live in the New York metropolitan area?
Answer: 568,903
Question: On what date did New York legalize gay marriage?
Answer: June 24, 2011
Question: How many days after gay marriage was legalized were gay marriages allowed to take place?
Answer: 30
Question: How many people identify as gay or bisexual in NYC?
Answer: 568,903
Question: Same-sex marriage became legal on what date in New York?
Answer: June 24, 2011
Question: Since Gay marriage became legal, how many days did people have to wait to marry?
Answer: 30 |
Context: Schwarzenegger was born in Thal, a village bordering the city of Graz in Styria, Austria and christened Arnold Alois. His parents were Gustav Schwarzenegger (August 17, 1907 – December 13, 1972), and Aurelia Schwarzenegger (née Jadrny; July 29, 1922 – August 2, 1998). Gustav was the local chief of police, and had served in World War II as a Hauptfeldwebel after voluntarily joining the Nazi Party in 1938, though he was discharged in 1943 following a bout of malaria. He married Arnold's mother on October 20, 1945;– he was 38, and she was 23 years old. According to Schwarzenegger, both of his parents were very strict: "Back then in Austria it was a very different world, if we did something bad or we disobeyed our parents, the rod was not spared." He grew up in a Roman Catholic family who attended Mass every Sunday.
Question: What country was Schwarzenegger born in?
Answer: Austria
Question: What was Schwarzenegger's mother's maiden name?
Answer: Jadrny
Question: What was Schwarzenegger's father's first name?
Answer: Gustav
Question: What was Schwarzenegger's dad's job in their town?
Answer: chief of police |
Context: The number of species invasions has been on the rise at least since the beginning of the 1900s. Species are increasingly being moved by humans (on purpose and accidentally). In some cases the invaders are causing drastic changes and damage to their new habitats (e.g.: zebra mussels and the emerald ash borer in the Great Lakes region and the lion fish along the North American Atlantic coast). Some evidence suggests that invasive species are competitive in their new habitats because they are subject to less pathogen disturbance. Others report confounding evidence that occasionally suggest that species-rich communities harbor many native and exotic species simultaneously while some say that diverse ecosystems are more resilient and resist invasive plants and animals. An important question is, "do invasive species cause extinctions?" Many studies cite effects of invasive species on natives, but not extinctions. Invasive species seem to increase local (i.e.: alpha diversity) diversity, which decreases turnover of diversity (i.e.: beta diversity). Overall gamma diversity may be lowered because species are going extinct because of other causes, but even some of the most insidious invaders (e.g.: Dutch elm disease, emerald ash borer, chestnut blight in North America) have not caused their host species to become extinct. Extirpation, population decline, and homogenization of regional biodiversity are much more common. Human activities have frequently been the cause of invasive species circumventing their barriers, by introducing them for food and other purposes. Human activities therefore allow species to migrate to new areas (and thus become invasive) occurred on time scales much shorter than historically have been required for a species to extend its range.
Question: What century started the increase of species invasions?
Answer: 1900s
Question: Who intentionally and unintentionally moves species around?
Answer: humans
Question: What invaders are causing changes in the Great Lakes region?
Answer: zebra mussels and the emerald ash borer
Question: What invaders are causing changes along the North American Atlantic coast?
Answer: lion fish
Question: What century started the increase of habitat invasions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who intentionally and unintentionally moves habitats around?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What invaders are causing invasive plants in the Great Lakes region?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What invaders are causing invasive plants to be along the North American Atlantic coast?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: England first appeared at the 1950 FIFA World Cup and have appeared in 14 FIFA World Cups, they are tied for sixth-best in terms of number of wins alongside France and Spain. The national team is one of eight national teams to have won at least one FIFA World Cup title. The England team won their first and only World Cup title in 1966. The tournament was played on home soil and England defeated Germany 4–2 in the final. In 1990, England finished in fourth place, losing 2–1 to host nation Italy in the third place play-off after losing on penalties to champions Germany in the semi-final. The team has also reached the quarter-final on two recent occasions in 2002 and 2006. Previously, they reached this stage in 1954, 1962, 1970 and 1986.
Question: In how many FIFA world cups has England appeared?
Answer: 14
Question: Besides France, which other team is tied with England for number of appearances in the FIFA World Cup?
Answer: Spain
Question: In which year did England win the FIFA World Cup for the first and only time?
Answer: 1966
Question: In what place did England finish in the 1990 FIFA World Cup?
Answer: fourth
Question: Which country hosted the 1990 FIFA World Cup?
Answer: Italy
Question: How many FIFA World Cups has France been in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was Spain's first World Cup appearance?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who won the 1990 World Cup?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the 2002 World Cup held?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the 1950 FIFA World Cup held?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The rebels made the first move in the war, seizing the strategic Rochester Castle, owned by Langton but left almost unguarded by the archbishop. John was well prepared for a conflict. He had stockpiled money to pay for mercenaries and ensured the support of the powerful marcher lords with their own feudal forces, such as William Marshal and Ranulf of Chester. The rebels lacked the engineering expertise or heavy equipment necessary to assault the network of royal castles that cut off the northern rebel barons from those in the south. John's strategy was to isolate the rebel barons in London, protect his own supply lines to his key source of mercenaries in Flanders, prevent the French from landing in the south-east, and then win the war through slow attrition. John put off dealing with the badly deteriorating situation in North Wales, where Llywelyn the Great was leading a rebellion against the 1211 settlement.
Question: Who made the first move in the war?
Answer: rebels
Question: What did the rebels seize?
Answer: Rochester Castle
Question: Who lead the rebellion against the 1211 settlement?
Answer: Llywelyn the Great
Question: What was John's strategy?
Answer: isolate the rebel barons in London |
Context: Shemaryahu Talmon, who summarized the amount of consensus and genetic relation to the Urtext of the Hebrew Bible, concluded that major divergences which intrinsically affect the sense are extremely rare. As far as the Hebrew Bible referenced by Old Testament is concerned, almost all of the textual variants are fairly insignificant and hardly affect any doctrine. Professor Douglas Stuart states: "It is fair to say that the verses, chapters, and books of the Bible would read largely the same, and would leave the same impression with the reader, even if one adopted virtually every possible alternative reading to those now serving as the basis for current English translations."
Question: How common are variations in text that alter the meaning of the Urtext of the Hebrew Bible?
Answer: extremely rare
Question: To what degree do variations in the Old Testament alter the meaning?
Answer: hardly affect any doctrine
Question: Who claims that the Old Testament is essentially the same throughout all variations?
Answer: Professor Douglas Stuart
Question: How many variations of the Old Testament offer the same meaning?
Answer: virtually every possible alternative reading
Question: What book did Douglas Stuart summarize?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many of the textual variants are significant?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many variants change the doctrine considerably?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Stuart thought the Bible is largely different because of what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: USB data is transmitted by toggling the data lines between the J state and the opposite K state. USB encodes data using the NRZI line coding; a 0 bit is transmitted by toggling the data lines from J to K or vice versa, while a 1 bit is transmitted by leaving the data lines as-is. To ensure a minimum density of signal transitions remains in the bitstream, USB uses bit stuffing; an extra 0 bit is inserted into the data stream after any appearance of six consecutive 1 bits. Seven consecutive received 1 bits is always an error. USB 3.0 has introduced additional data transmission encodings.
Question: How is the USB data transmitted?
Answer: by toggling the data lines between the J state and the opposite K state
Question: What does USB use to encode data?
Answer: the NRZI line coding
Question: To ensure a minimum density of signal transitions remains in the bitsream, what does USB use?
Answer: bit stuffing |
Context: The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal protopriest is Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil.
Question: Who can become the cardinal protopriest?
Answer: The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests
Question: Who is the cardinal protopriest at this time?
Answer: Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil
Question: What title is given to the newest member of the order of cardinal priests?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What position does Paulo Evaristo Arns of Columbia currently hold?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Whose ceremonial duties in the conclave continued after the age of 80?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was accepted into the conclave after the age of 80?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Universal's forays into high-quality production spelled the end of the Laemmle era at the studio. Taking on the task of modernizing and upgrading a film conglomerate in the depths of the depression was risky, and for a time Universal slipped into receivership. The theater chain was scrapped, but Carl, Jr. held fast to distribution, studio and production operations.
Question: What part of Universal's business was terminated while it was in bankruptcy?
Answer: The theater chain
Question: Along with distribution and studio operations, what part of Universal was retained by Carl Laemmle, Jr. during bankruptcy?
Answer: production operations
Question: What type of chain conglomerate was scrapped?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Carl Jr hold fast in addition to the theater chain?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What period did Universal move into high-quality production in?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The notion of the "Land of Israel", known in Hebrew as Eretz Yisrael, has been important and sacred to the Jewish people since Biblical times. According to the Torah, God promised the land to the three Patriarchs of the Jewish people. On the basis of scripture, the period of the three Patriarchs has been placed somewhere in the early 2nd millennium BCE, and the first Kingdom of Israel was established around the 11th century BCE. Subsequent Israelite kingdoms and states ruled intermittently over the next four hundred years, and are known from various extra-biblical sources.
Question: What is the "Land of Israel" known as in Hebrew?
Answer: Eretz Yisrael
Question: According to the Torah, God promised the land to how many people?
Answer: three
Question: When was the first Kingdom of Israel established?
Answer: early 2nd millennium BCE |
Context: The success of its football team made Notre Dame a household name. The success of Note Dame reflected rising status of Irish Americans and Catholics in the 1920s. Catholics rallied up around the team and listen to the games on the radio, especially when it knocked off the schools that symbolized the Protestant establishment in America — Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Army. Yet this role as high-profile flagship institution of Catholicism made it an easy target of anti-Catholicism. The most remarkable episode of violence was the clash between Notre Dame students and the Ku Klux Klan in 1924. Nativism and anti-Catholicism, especially when directed towards immigrants, were cornerstones of the KKK's rhetoric, and Notre Dame was seen as a symbol of the threat posed by the Catholic Church. The Klan decided to have a week-long Klavern in South Bend. Clashes with the student body started on March 17, when students, aware of the anti-Catholic animosity, blocked the Klansmen from descending from their trains in the South Bend station and ripped the KKK clothes and regalia. On May 19 thousands of students massed downtown protesting the Klavern, and only the arrival of college president Fr. Matthew Walsh prevented any further clashes. The next day, football coach Knute Rockne spoke at a campus rally and implored the students to obey the college president and refrain from further violence. A few days later the Klavern broke up, but the hostility shown by the students was an omen and a contribution to the downfall of the KKK in Indiana.
Question: Catholic people identified with Notre Dame, what religious group did people feel Yale represented?
Answer: the Protestant establishment
Question: Notre Dame students had a showdown in 1924 with which anti-catholic group?
Answer: the Ku Klux Klan
Question: What type of event did the Klan intend to have at Notre Dame in March of 1924?
Answer: a week-long Klavern
Question: Where did Notre Dame students and the KKK have their encounter?
Answer: South Bend
Question: Which college president of Notre Dame is credited with preventing more confrontations between students and the KKK?
Answer: Fr. Matthew Walsh |
Context: Verdigris is made by placing a plate or blade of copper, brass or bronze, slightly warmed, into a vat of fermenting wine, leaving it there for several weeks, and then scraping off and drying the green powder that forms on the metal. The process of making verdigris was described in ancient times by Pliny. It was used by the Romans in the murals of Pompeii, and in Celtic medieval manuscripts as early as the 5th century AD. It produced a blue-green which no other pigment could imitate, but it had drawbacks; it was unstable, it could not resist dampness, it did not mix well with other colors, it could ruin other colors with which it came into contact., and it was toxic. Leonardo da Vinci, in his treatise on painting, warned artists not to use it. It was widely used in miniature paintings in Europe and Persia in the 16th and 17th centuries. Its use largely ended in the late 19th century, when it was replaced by the safer and more stable chrome green. Viridian, also called chrome green, is a pigment made with chromium oxide dihydrate, was patented in 1859. It became popular with painters, since, unlike other synthetic greens, it was stable and not toxic. Vincent van Gogh used it, along with Prussian blue, to create a dark blue sky with a greenish tint in his painting Cafe terrace at night.
Question: What is made by placing a plate of blade of copper, brass, or bronze into vat of fermenting wine for several weeks, then scraping off and drying the green powder?
Answer: Verdigris
Question: Who described the process of making verdigris in ancient times?
Answer: Pliny
Question: In what city did the Romans use verdigris in murals?
Answer: Pompeii
Question: What would verdigris do to other colors that it came in contact with?
Answer: ruin
Question: Which famous artist warned other artists not to use verdigris?
Answer: Leonardo da Vinci
Question: What century did Pliny describe the process of making Verdigris?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What city did Pliny live in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What paint did Leonardo da Vinci recommend?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was chrome green popular in the 16th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Prussian blue patented?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Humans regard certain insects as pests, and attempt to control them using insecticides and a host of other techniques. Some insects damage crops by feeding on sap, leaves or fruits. A few parasitic species are pathogenic. Some insects perform complex ecological roles; blow-flies, for example, help consume carrion but also spread diseases. Insect pollinators are essential to the life-cycle of many flowering plant species on which most organisms, including humans, are at least partly dependent; without them, the terrestrial portion of the biosphere (including humans) would be devastated. Many other insects are considered ecologically beneficial as predators and a few provide direct economic benefit. Silkworms and bees have been used extensively by humans for the production of silk and honey, respectively. In some cultures, people eat the larvae or adults of certain insects.
Question: By what method do humans often try to control the spread of insects?
Answer: insecticides
Question: What portion of the biosphere would be devastated absent the complex pollination role of insects?
Answer: terrestrial
Question: What insect provides a tangible economic benefit via the production of silk?
Answer: Silkworms
Question: What insect is known to consume carrion?
Answer: blow-flies
Question: Humans consider most insects as what?
Answer: pests
Question: Humans can control insects using what?
Answer: insecticides
Question: Insects have the potential to damage what?
Answer: crops
Question: Insects can damage crops by feeing on sap, fruits, or what?
Answer: leaves
Question: Silkworms are used by humans for producing what?
Answer: silk |
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