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Context: The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) of a pub is properly known as the "pub landlord". The term publican (in historical Roman usage a public contractor or tax farmer) has come into use since Victorian times to designate the pub landlord. Known as "locals" to regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer, as a place to smoke (or avoid it), hosting a darts team, having a pool or snooker table, or appealing to friends.
Question: What is a proper term for the licensee of the pub?
Answer: pub landlord
Question: What was the pub landlord often called in Victorian times?
Answer: publican
Question: What are pubs called by those who regularly visit there?
Answer: locals
Question: Teams for what sport can be found congregating at pubs?
Answer: darts
Question: What gaming tables can often be found in pubs?
Answer: pool or snooker |
Context: Ter-Petrosyan led Armenia alongside Defense Minister Vazgen Sargsyan through the Nagorno-Karabakh War with neighboring Azerbaijan. The initial post-Soviet years were marred by economic difficulties, which had their roots early in the Karabakh conflict when the Azerbaijani Popular Front managed to pressure the Azerbaijan SSR to instigate a railway and air blockade against Armenia. This move effectively crippled Armenia's economy as 85% of its cargo and goods arrived through rail traffic. In 1993, Turkey joined the blockade against Armenia in support of Azerbaijan.
Question: When did Turkey decide to become part of the blockade against Armenia?
Answer: 1993
Question: How does Armenia get most of it's commodities?
Answer: rail traffic
Question: Who did Armenia fight in teh Nagorno-Karabakh War?
Answer: Azerbaijan
Question: What prevented Armenia from getting it's commodities?
Answer: a railway and air blockade
Question: What percent of Armenias commodities were transported via rail traffic?
Answer: 85% |
Context: In 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Iran reached its greatest extent since the Sassanid Empire, reestablishing the Iranian hegemony all over the Caucasus, as well as other major parts of the west and central Asia, and briefly possessing what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time.
Question: In what year were the Pashtuns defeated and driven out of Iran?
Answer: 1729
Question: Who drove out the Pashtuns from Iran in 1729?
Answer: Nader Shah
Question: Where was Nader Shan from?
Answer: Khorasan
Question: Nader Shah expanded Iranian power to its highest peak since what Empire?
Answer: the Sassanid Empire
Question: Nader Shah took back what territories that were annexed by the Ottomans and the Russians?
Answer: Caucasian territories |
Context: When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again, the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince Güshi Khan (1582–1655), leader of the Khoshut (Qoshot) tribe of the Oirat Mongols, who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa. Güshi Khan accepted his role as protector, and from 1637–1640 he not only defeated the Gelugpas' enemies in the Amdo and Kham regions, but also resettled his entire tribe into Amdo. Sonam Chöpel urged Güshi Khan to assault the Ü-Tsang king's homebase of Shigatse, which Güshi Khan agreed upon, enlisting the aid of Gelug monks and supporters. In 1642, after a year's siege of Shigatse, the Ü-Tsang forces surrendered. Güshi Khan then captured and summarily executed Karma Tenkyong, the ruler of Ü-Tsang, King of Tibet.
Question: Who did the 5th Dalai Lama beg for help from?
Answer: the Mongol prince Güshi Khan
Question: What role did Güshi Khan take on?
Answer: protector
Question: Which enemies did Güshi Khan defeat?
Answer: the Gelugpas
Question: Where did Güshi Khan resettle his tribe?
Answer: Amdo
Question: When did the Ü-Tsang forces surrender?
Answer: 1642 |
Context: English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns. From France and England, Freemasonry spread to most of Continental Europe during the course of the 18th century. The Grande Loge de France formed under the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont, who exercised only nominal authority. His successor, the Duke of Orléans, reconstituted the central body as the Grand Orient de France in 1773. Briefly eclipsed during the French Revolution, French Freemasonry continued to grow in the next century.
Question: When did English Freemasonry arrive in France?
Answer: the 1720s
Question: Who were the first English Freemasons in France?
Answer: lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites
Question: When did Freemasonry begin to spread to continental Europe?
Answer: 18th century
Question: Who formed the Grand Loge de France?
Answer: Duke of Clermont
Question: Who was the successor to the Duke of Clermont?
Answer: Duke of Orléans
Question: When did English Freemasonry spread to France?
Answer: the 1720s
Question: When did Freemasonry spread to most of the Continental Europe?
Answer: the 18th century
Question: The Grand Loge de France formed under who?
Answer: the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont
Question: Who was the successor to the Grand Mastership of The Duke of Clermont?
Answer: the Duke of Orléans
Question: When was the central body of the Grand Orient de France reconstituted?
Answer: 1773
Question: When did English Freemasonry end in France?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who were the only English Freemasons in France?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Freemasonry begin to spread to continental Antarctica?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who destroyed the Grand Loge de France?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the central body of the Grand Orient de France lost?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: After several years of economic downturn and political instability, in 1997, Guinea-Bissau entered the CFA franc monetary system, bringing about some internal monetary stability. The civil war that took place in 1998 and 1999, and a military coup in September 2003 again disrupted economic activity, leaving a substantial part of the economic and social infrastructure in ruins and intensifying the already widespread poverty. Following the parliamentary elections in March 2004 and presidential elections in July 2005, the country is trying to recover from the long period of instability, despite a still-fragile political situation.
Question: In what year did Guinea-Bissau start to bring some internal monetary stability to the country?
Answer: 1997
Question: What did the government do in 1997 to increase monetary stability?
Answer: entered the CFA franc monetary system
Question: What years did the civil war take place?
Answer: 1998 and 1999
Question: When was there a military coup in Guinea-Bissau?
Answer: September 2003
Question: When were parliamentary elections held?
Answer: March 2004 |
Context: The period saw several important technical innovations, like the principle of linear perspective found in the work of Masaccio, and later described by Brunelleschi. Greater realism was also achieved through the scientific study of anatomy, championed by artists like Donatello. This can be seen particularly well in his sculptures, inspired by the study of classical models. As the centre of the movement shifted to Rome, the period culminated in the High Renaissance masters da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.
Question: Who championed the scientific study of anatomy for the benefit of art?
Answer: Donatello
Question: Which artistic principle was innovated by Brunelleschi?
Answer: linear perspective
Question: Along with da Vinci, who were two other artists regarded as masters of the High Renaissance?
Answer: Michelangelo and Raphael
Question: What was achieved though the use of the scientific study of anatomy in the field of art?
Answer: Greater realism
Question: What did Donatello study that inspired sculptures?
Answer: classical models
Question: Who rejected the scientific study of anatomy for the benefit of art?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which artistic principle was renovated by Brunelleschi?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Along with da Vinci, who weren't two other artists regarded as masters of the High Renaissance?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What wasn't achieved though the use of the scientific study of anatomy in the field of art?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What didn't Donatello study that inspired sculptures?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the 1950s, Universal-International resumed their series of Arabian Nights films, many starring Tony Curtis. The studio also had a success with monster and science fiction films produced by William Alland, with many directed by Jack Arnold. Other successes were the melodramas directed by Douglas Sirk and produced by Ross Hunter, although for film critics they were not so well thought of on first release as they have since become. Among Universal-International's stable of stars were Rock Hudson, Tony Curtis, Jeff Chandler, Audie Murphy, and John Gavin.
Question: Who did many of Universal-International's Arabian Nights films feature?
Answer: Tony Curtis
Question: Who notably produced monster and science fiction films for Universal?
Answer: William Alland
Question: What Universal director was known for his melodramas?
Answer: Douglas Sirk
Question: Who directed monster movies for Universal?
Answer: Jack Arnold
Question: Who produced melodramas for Universal?
Answer: Ross Hunter
Question: What series of films did Tony Alland star in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What types of films did William Curtis produce?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of films did Douglas Hunter and Ross Sirk produce?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What company did stars Rock Hudson, Tony Chandler, and Jeff Curtis work for?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Neptune's orbit has a profound impact on the region directly beyond it, known as the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun. Much in the same way that Jupiter's gravity dominates the asteroid belt, shaping its structure, so Neptune's gravity dominates the Kuiper belt. Over the age of the Solar System, certain regions of the Kuiper belt became destabilised by Neptune's gravity, creating gaps in the Kuiper belt's structure. The region between 40 and 42 AU is an example.
Question: What is the region behind Neptune called?
Answer: Kuiper belt
Question: What does the Kuiper belt consist of?
Answer: small icy worlds
Question: Where is the Kuiper belt relative to Neptune?
Answer: 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun
Question: What dominates the Kuiper belt?
Answer: Neptune's gravity
Question: What did Neptune's gravity do to Kuiper belt?
Answer: gaps in the Kuiper belt's structure
Question: What is the region behind Jupiter called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the Kuiper belt not consist of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where is the Kuiper belt relative to Mars?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What doesn't dominate the Kuiper belt?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Jupiter's gravity do to Kuiper belt?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Within the world's Jewish population there are distinct ethnic divisions, most of which are primarily the result of geographic branching from an originating Israelite population, and subsequent independent evolutions. An array of Jewish communities was established by Jewish settlers in various places around the Old World, often at great distances from one another, resulting in effective and often long-term isolation. During the millennia of the Jewish diaspora the communities would develop under the influence of their local environments: political, cultural, natural, and populational. Today, manifestations of these differences among the Jews can be observed in Jewish cultural expressions of each community, including Jewish linguistic diversity, culinary preferences, liturgical practices, religious interpretations, as well as degrees and sources of genetic admixture.
Question: What resulted in effective and long-term isolation of Jewish communities?
Answer: An array of Jewish communities was established by Jewish settlers in various places around the Old World, often at great distances from one another
Question: Name one way Jewish cultural expressions differ in each community?
Answer: religious interpretations
Question: Name another way Jewish cultural expressions differ in each community?
Answer: culinary preferences
Question: What did not cause ethnic divisions between Jews?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Jewish people not settle?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is one way Jewish cultural expressions stayed the same in each community?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is another way Jewish cultural expressions stayed the same in each community?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: At what time did Jewish communities not develop under the influence of their local environments?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised "torment for many years", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a "schocking [sic] alternative". She showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock.
Question: What was the marital status of Victoria when she became the queen?
Answer: unmarried
Question: Whi did Victoria have to live with because she was unmarried?
Answer: her mother
Question: Victoria and her mother had differences over what system?
Answer: Kensington System
Question: Victoria and her mother had differences over her mothers reliances on who?
Answer: Conroy
Question: Where was Victorias mother assigned to live?
Answer: a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace
Question: What did Victoria and her mother disagree on?
Answer: the Kensington System
Question: Whom did Victoria's mother continue to rely on, despite Victoria's displeasure?
Answer: Conroy
Question: To whom did Queen Victoria lament that marriage was a shocking alternative to her mother's prescence?
Answer: Melbourne
Question: Where did both Queen Victoria and her mother reside after she became Queen?
Answer: Buckingham Palace
Question: Where did Victoria live at the beginning of her reign?
Answer: with her mother
Question: Why did Victoria live with her mother at the beginning of her reign?
Answer: was required by social convention
Question: What could have allowed Victoria freedom from living with her mother?
Answer: marriage
Question: How did Victoria feel about having to be married in order to escape living with her mother?
Answer: a "schocking [sic] alternative"
Question: How did Victoria feel about the prospect of having to live with her mother, no matter how far away in the palace they put her?
Answer: close proximity promised "torment for many years"
Question: What was the marital status of Victoria when she became the princess?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Whi did Victoria have to live with because she was married?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Victoria and her father had differences over what system?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Victoria and her mother had differences over her fathers reliances on who?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was Victorias mother assigned to die?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Throughout this article Norman uses "Near East" to mean the countries where "the eastern question" applied; that is, to all of the Balkans. The countries and regions mentioned are Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina (which was Moslem and needed, in his view, to be suppressed), Macedonia, Montenegro, Albania, Romania. The rest of the Ottoman domain is demoted to just "the east."
Question: What does Norman mean in the article when saying "Near East"?
Answer: the countries where "the eastern question" applied
Question: What is the rest of the Ottoman domain demoted to?
Answer: just "the east."
Question: "The East" refers to what?
Answer: The rest of the Ottoman domain |
Context: Bush and Kerry met for the third and final debate at Arizona State University on October 13. 51 million viewers watched the debate which was moderated by Bob Schieffer of CBS News. However, at the time of the ASU debate, there were 15.2 million viewers tuned in to watch the Major League Baseball playoffs broadcast simultaneously. After Kerry, responding to a question about gay rights, reminded the audience that Vice President Cheney's daughter was a lesbian, Cheney responded with a statement calling himself "a pretty angry father" due to Kerry using Cheney's daughter's sexual orientation for his political purposes.
Question: How many debates were there in total, between Kerry and Bush?
Answer: third
Question: Where was the final debate, between Kerry and Bush held?
Answer: Arizona State University
Question: What was the next biggest competitor for television viewers, next to the debate?
Answer: Major League Baseball playoffs broadcast simultaneously
Question: Who did Kerry publicize as a lesbian while discussing gay rights, some time after the debate?
Answer: Vice President Cheney's daughter
Question: What did Cheney refer to him as, after hearing Kerry's comments about his daughter?
Answer: "a pretty angry father"
Question: How many people in the US support gay rights?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Bob Schieffer scolded by Cheney for using to further himself politically?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Cheney's daughter come out as a lesbian?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What college did Cheney's daughter graduate from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Bob Schieffer call himself when his children were featured in a CBS news story?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus.
Question: Which congregation is in charge of the Old College at Notre Dame?
Answer: Congregation of Holy Cross
Question: What structure is found on the location of the original church of Father Sorin at Notre Dame?
Answer: Basilica of the Sacred Heart
Question: In which architectural style is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame made?
Answer: French Revival
Question: Which individual painted the inside of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame?
Answer: Luigi Gregori
Question: In what year was the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes at Notre Dame constructed?
Answer: 1896 |
Context: In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensable nation." According to Jacob Heilbrunn, a senior editor at The National Interest, such a statement is unprecedented when taking into consideration Germany's history. "This was an extraordinary statement from a top official of a nation that was ravaged by Germany during World War II. And it reflects a profound shift taking place throughout Germany and Europe about Berlin's position at the center of the Continent." Heilbrunn believes that the adage, "what was good for Germany was bad for the European Union" has been supplanted by a new mentality—what is in the interest of Germany is also in the interest of its neighbors. The evolution in Germany's national identity stems from focusing less on its Nazi past and more on its Prussian history, which many Germans believe was betrayed—and not represented—by Nazism. The evolution is further precipitated by Germany's conspicuous position as Europe's strongest economy. Indeed, this German sphere of influence has been welcomed by the countries that border it, as demonstrated by Polish foreign minister Radek Sikorski's effusive praise for his country's western neighbor. This shift in thinking is boosted by a newer generation of Germans who see World War II as a distant memory.
Question: Who was Poland's foreign minister in 2011?
Answer: Radek Sikorski
Question: What are Germans trying to forget?
Answer: Nazi past
Question: What are Germans trying to focus on?
Answer: Prussian history
Question: Who is Europe's strongest economy?
Answer: Germany
Question: What Polish foreign minister said he feared German power?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is Germany trying to remember?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What war do many Germans still remember?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who says What is good for Germany is bad for the EU?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Hyderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The annual mean temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 21–33 °C (70–91 °F). Summers (March–June) are hot and humid, with average highs in the mid-to-high 30s Celsius; maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) between April and June. The coolest temperatures occur in December and January, when the lowest temperature occasionally dips to 10 °C (50 °F). May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from 26 to 39 °C (79–102 °F); December, the coldest, has temperatures varying from 14.5 to 28 °C (57–82 °F).
Question: What is the mean yearly temperature in Hyderabad in Celsius?
Answer: 26.6 °C
Question: Köppen Aw refers to what kind of climate?
Answer: tropical wet and dry climate
Question: During what months does summer occur in Hyderabad?
Answer: March–June
Question: What is the typical lowest temperature in Celsius during winter in Hyderabad?
Answer: 10 °C
Question: What is generally the hottest month in Hyderabad?
Answer: May |
Context: In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among "national universities" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.
Question: Where did U.S. News & World Report rank Notre Dame in its 2015-2016 university rankings?
Answer: 18th overall
Question: In 2014 what entity named Notre Dame 10th best of all American universities?
Answer: USA Today
Question: Forbes.com placed Notre Dame at what position compared to other US research universities?
Answer: 8th
Question: The undergrad school at the Mendoza College of Business was ranked where according to BusinessWeek?
Answer: 1st overall
Question: What percentage of Notre Dame students decide to study abroad?
Answer: 57.6% |
Context: The PV industry has seen drops in module prices since 2008. In late 2011, factory-gate prices for crystalline-silicon photovoltaic modules dropped below the $1.00/W mark. The $1.00/W installed cost, is often regarded in the PV industry as marking the achievement of grid parity for PV. These reductions have taken many stakeholders, including industry analysts, by surprise, and perceptions of current solar power economics often lags behind reality. Some stakeholders still have the perspective that solar PV remains too costly on an unsubsidized basis to compete with conventional generation options. Yet technological advancements, manufacturing process improvements, and industry re-structuring, mean that further price reductions are likely in coming years.
Question: The PV industry has seen drops in module prices since what year?
Answer: 2008
Question: What is a sign that further price reductions are likely in coming years?
Answer: technological advancements
Question: What cost is often regarded as marking the achievment of grid parity for PV?
Answer: $1.00/W installed cost |
Context: A staple for consumers in the city is the omnipresent "mercado". Every major neighborhood in the city has its own borough-regulated market, often more than one. These are large well-established facilities offering most basic products, such as fresh produce and meat/poultry, dry goods, tortillerías, and many other services such as locksmiths, herbal medicine, hardware goods, sewing implements; and a multitude of stands offering freshly made, home-style cooking and drinks in the tradition of aguas frescas and atole.
Question: What are the markets called that are located and run by the boroughs?
Answer: mercado
Question: What are some of the traditional drinks of Mexico City?
Answer: aguas frescas and atole
Question: What is the centerpiece of Mexico City's markets
Answer: mercado
Question: The author uses which adjective to describe the mercados?
Answer: omnipresent |
Context: Many older buildings in certain areas of Boston are supported by wooden piles driven into the area's fill; these piles remain sound if submerged in water, but are subject to dry rot if exposed to air for long periods. Groundwater levels have been dropping, to varying degrees, in many areas of the city, due in part to an increase in the amount of rainwater discharged directly into sewers rather than absorbed by the ground. A city agency, the Boston Groundwater Trust, coordinates monitoring of groundwater levels throughout the city via a network of public and private monitoring wells. However, Boston's drinking water supply, from the Quabbin and Wachusett Reservoirs to the west, is one of the very few in the country so pure as to satisfy federal water quality standards without filtration.
Question: Lots of older buildings are supported by what?
Answer: wooden piles
Question: The piles begin to rot if exposed to what?
Answer: air
Question: What has been happening to groundwater levels?
Answer: dropping
Question: Where does the groundwater go instead of into the ground?
Answer: directly into sewers |
Context: Paris' manufacturing is mostly focused in its suburbs, and the city itself has only around 75,000 manufacturing workers, most of which are in the textile, clothing, leather goods and shoe trades. Paris region manufacturing specialises in transportation, mainly automobiles, aircraft and trains, but this is in a sharp decline: Paris proper manufacturing jobs dropped by 64 percent between 1990 and 2010, and the Paris region lost 48 percent during the same period. Most of this is due to companies relocating outside the Paris region. The Paris region's 800 aerospace companies employed 100,000. Four hundred automobile industry companies employ another 100,000 workers: many of these are centred in the Yvelines department around the Renault and PSA-Citroen plants (this department alone employs 33,000), but the industry as a whole suffered a major loss with the 2014 closing of a major Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen assembly plant.
Question: How many manufacturing workers does Paris have?
Answer: 75,000
Question: What does Paris region manufacturing specialize in?
Answer: transportation
Question: How much of a drop was there in manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 2010?
Answer: 64
Question: How many people does the Paris regions aerospace companies employ?
Answer: 100,000
Question: The closing of what plant in 20147 caused a major loss to the automobile industry?
Answer: Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen |
Context: In 2012, Madonna performed at Super Bowl XLVI halftime show, visualized by Cirque Du Soleil and Jamie King and featured special guests LMFAO, Nicki Minaj, M.I.A. and Cee Lo Green. It became the then most-watched Super Bowl halftime show in history with 114 million viewers, higher than the game itself. It was also revealed that the singer had signed a three-album deal with Interscope Records, who would act as the distributor in partnership with her 360 deal with Live Nation. Her twelfth studio album, MDNA, was released in March 2012 and saw collaboration with various producers, most notably with William Orbit again and Martin Solveig. The album was well received by music critics, with Priya Elan from NME calling it "a ridiculously enjoyable romp", citing its "psychotic, soul-bearing stuff" as "some of the most visceral stuff she's ever done." MDNA debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and many other countries worldwide. Madonna surpassed Elvis Presley's record for the most number-one album by a solo artist in the UK. The lead single "Give Me All Your Luvin'", featuring guest vocals from Minaj and M.I.A., became Madonna's record-extending 38th top-ten hit on the Billboard Hot 100.
Question: Which year did Madonna performed at the Super Bowl?
Answer: 2012
Question: How many viewers did the half-time show attract?
Answer: 114 million viewers
Question: Madonna signed a three album deal with which record company?
Answer: Interscope Records
Question: What was the name of Madonna's twelfth album?
Answer: MDNA
Question: When was MDNA released?
Answer: March 2012 |
Context: The national capital of India, New Delhi is jointly administered by both the Central Government of India and the local Government of Delhi, it is also the capital of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi.
Question: New Delhi is the capital of what National Capital Territory?
Answer: Delhi
Question: What is the national capital of India?
Answer: New Delhi
Question: The local Government of Delhi and the Central Government of India jointly administer what city?
Answer: New Delhi
Question: What city is the official capital of the National Capital Territory of Delhi?
Answer: New Delhi
Question: What is the name of one government body that oversees the capital of New Delhi?
Answer: the Central Government of India |
Context: In All Life is Problem Solving, Popper sought to explain the apparent progress of scientific knowledge – that is, how it is that our understanding of the universe seems to improve over time. This problem arises from his position that the truth content of our theories, even the best of them, cannot be verified by scientific testing, but can only be falsified. Again, in this context the word "falsified" does not refer to something being "fake"; rather, that something can be (i.e., is capable of being) shown to be false by observation or experiment. Some things simply do not lend themselves to being shown to be false, and therefore, are not falsifiable. If so, then how is it that the growth of science appears to result in a growth in knowledge? In Popper's view, the advance of scientific knowledge is an evolutionary process characterised by his formula:
Question: Which of Popper's works addresses the improvement of scientific understanding of the world over time?
Answer: All Life is Problem Solving
Question: Popper described the growth of scientific understanding as what kind of process?
Answer: evolutionary
Question: What aspect of a scientific theory can never be fully verified, according to Popper?
Answer: truth content
Question: In what book did Popper seek to explain the process of literary knowledge?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who explained why our understanding of the universe seems to worsen over time?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What part of theories can be verified by scientific testing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What refers to something being "fake"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the advance of scientific knowledge in Einstein's view?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: By spring 1950, Stalin believed the strategic situation had changed. The Soviets had detonated their first nuclear bomb in September 1949; American soldiers had fully withdrawn from Korea; the Americans had not intervened to stop the communist victory in China, and Stalin calculated that the Americans would be even less willing to fight in Korea—which had seemingly much less strategic significance. The Soviets had also cracked the codes used by the US to communicate with the US embassy in Moscow, and reading these dispatches convinced Stalin that Korea did not have the importance to the US that would warrant a nuclear confrontation. Stalin began a more aggressive strategy in Asia based on these developments, including promising economic and military aid to China through the Sino–Soviet Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance Treaty.
Question: When did the Soviets first detonate a nuclear bomb?
Answer: 1949
Question: What treaty did Stalin and China enter into?
Answer: Sino–Soviet Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance Treaty
Question: What country did not prevent a Communist victory in China?
Answer: US
Question: Who was convinced that the US did was no longer interested in Korea?
Answer: Stalin
Question: Where did Stalin engage in an aggressive political strategy?
Answer: Asia |
Context: After 1965, differences between the Hot 100 chart and the Easy Listening chart became more pronounced. Better reflecting what middle of the road stations were actually playing, the composition of the chart changed dramatically. As rock music continued to harden, there was much less crossover between the Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart than there had been in the early half of the 1960s. Roger Miller, Barbra Streisand and Bobby Vinton were among the chart's most popular performers.
Question: What chart did the Easy Listening chart begin to diverge from?
Answer: the Hot 100 chart
Question: In what year did the Easy Listening and Hot 100 charts begin to diverge?
Answer: 1965
Question: Along with Roger Miller and Barbra Streisand, who was a successful Easy Listening artist in this era?
Answer: Bobby Vinton
Question: Why did the crossover between Hot 100 and Easy Listening decrease?
Answer: rock music continued to harden |
Context: Another study of dogs' roles in families showed many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members, the most common of which was helping with the washing-up by licking the plates in the dishwasher, and bringing in the newspaper from the lawn. Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities centered on the perceived needs and interests of the dog, or in which the dog is an integral partner, such as dog dancing and dog yoga.
Question: A study showed that a task dogs do is bringing in what from the lawn?
Answer: newspaper
Question: Dogs often help clean in the kitchen by licking what?
Answer: plates
Question: In addition to dog dancing, what is another activity that families are doing that is centered around their pet?
Answer: dog yoga.
Question: What do many dogs have to do in the families where they live?
Answer: set tasks or routines
Question: What are dogs often taught to bring in from outdoors?
Answer: the newspaper |
Context: The global dog population is estimated at 525 million:225 based on a transparent methodology, as opposed to other estimates where the methodology has not been made available – all dog population estimates are based on regional human population densities and land uses.
Question: What is the larger count for numbers of dogs considered to populate the planet?
Answer: 525 million
Question: How many dogs are estimated to be in the world?
Answer: 525 million
Question: What are dog population estimates based on other than land uses?
Answer: human population densities |
Context: In the 1990s and the new millennium, the city has produced a number of influential hip hop artists, including Eminem, the hip-hop artist with the highest cumulative sales, hip-hop producer J Dilla, rapper and producer Esham and hip hop duo Insane Clown Posse. The city is also home to rappers Big Sean and Danny Brown. The band Sponge toured and produced music, with artists such as Kid Rock and Uncle Kracker. The city also has an active garage rock genre that has generated national attention with acts such as: The White Stripes, The Von Bondies, The Detroit Cobras, The Dirtbombs, Electric Six, and The Hard Lessons.
Question: Which Detroit artist has the highest hip-hop sales?
Answer: Eminem
Question: Which band toured with Kid Rock?
Answer: Sponge
Question: What genre does The White Stripes fit into?
Answer: garage rock
Question: What is J Dilla's occupation?
Answer: producer |
Context: One question that is crucial in cognitive neuroscience is how information and mental experiences are coded and represented in the brain. Scientists have gained much knowledge about the neuronal codes from the studies of plasticity, but most of such research has been focused on simple learning in simple neuronal circuits; it is considerably less clear about the neuronal changes involved in more complex examples of memory, particularly declarative memory that requires the storage of facts and events (Byrne 2007). Convergence-divergence zones might be the neural networks where memories are stored and retrieved.
Question: Is it important to know how information is coded in the brain?
Answer: that is crucial
Question: Have researchers learned anything studying plasticity?
Answer: have gained much knowledge
Question: What are the roles of Covergence-divergence zones?
Answer: might be the neural networks where memories are stored and retrieved.
Question: What has most of the research on memories revolved around?
Answer: simple learning in simple neuronal circuits;
Question: Have researchers learned anything studying elasticity?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Is it not important to know how information is coded in the brain?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are the roles of Covergence-divergence voids?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What has none of the research on memories revolved around?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: what changes are involved in more simple examples of memory
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Estonia's constitution guarantees freedom of religion, separation of church and state, and individual rights to privacy of belief and religion. According to the Dentsu Communication Institute Inc, Estonia is one of the least religious countries in the world, with 75.7% of the population claiming to be irreligious. The Eurobarometer Poll 2005 found that only 16% of Estonians profess a belief in a god, the lowest belief of all countries studied (EU study). According to the Lutheran World Federation, the historic Lutheran denomination remains a large presence with 180,000 registered members.
Question: What guarantees freedom of religion for Estonian citizens?
Answer: Estonia's constitution
Question: Estonia's constitution declares the division of what parts of society?
Answer: separation of church and state
Question: What individual privacy rights are citizens granted?
Answer: belief and religion
Question: What percentage of Estonians claim no religion?
Answer: 75.7% |
Context: A further line in the directive stressed the need to inflict the heaviest losses possible, but also to intensify the air war in order to create the impression an amphibious assault on Britain was planned for 1941. However, meteorological conditions over Britain were not favourable for flying and prevented an escalation in air operations. Airfields became water-logged and the 18 Kampfgruppen (bomber groups) of the Luftwaffe's Kampfgeschwadern (bomber wings) were relocated to Germany for rest and re-equipment.
Question: What was inflicting heavy losses and increasing the air war designed to do?
Answer: create the impression an amphibious assault on Britain was planned for 1941
Question: What was preventing escalation of air operations?
Answer: meteorological conditions over Britain
Question: What happened to airfields?
Answer: Airfields became water-logged
Question: How many bomber groups were relocated to Germany?
Answer: 18 |
Context: Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period.
Question: When did Henry VIII take direct royal control?
Answer: 1539
Question: Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1540?
Answer: Henry VIII
Question: What did the cathedral status save the abbey from?
Answer: destruction
Question: What did changing the status of the abbey create?
Answer: the Diocese of Westminster
Question: When did Henry VII take direct royal control?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Henry VIII take indirect royal control?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1504?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the cathedral status not save the abbey from?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Though the iPod was released in 2001, its price and Mac-only compatibility caused sales to be relatively slow until 2004. The iPod line came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had well-established mainstream markets, but the company found existing digital music players "big and clunky or small and useless" with user interfaces that were "unbelievably awful," so Apple decided to develop its own. As ordered by CEO Steve Jobs, Apple's hardware engineering chief Jon Rubinstein assembled a team of engineers to design the iPod line, including hardware engineers Tony Fadell and Michael Dhuey, and design engineer Sir Jonathan Ive. Rubinstein had already discovered the Toshiba disk drive when meeting with an Apple supplier in Japan, and purchased the rights to it for Apple, and had also already worked out how the screen, battery, and other key elements would work. The aesthetic was inspired by the 1958 Braun T3 transistor radio designed by Dieter Rams, while the wheel based user interface was prompted by Bang & Olufsen's BeoCom 6000 telephone. The product ("the Walkman of the twenty-first century" ) was developed in less than one year and unveiled on October 23, 2001. Jobs announced it as a Mac-compatible product with a 5 GB hard drive that put "1,000 songs in your pocket."
Question: In what year was the iPod first introduced?
Answer: 2001
Question: In what year did iPod sales show improvement?
Answer: 2004
Question: Which Apple engineer led original iPod design group?
Answer: Jon Rubinstein
Question: What radio was the primary inspiration for the look of the iPod?
Answer: Braun T3 transistor radio
Question: What was the storage capacity of the first iPod?
Answer: 5 GB
Question: in what year was the original iPod released?
Answer: 2001
Question: How large was the hard drive on the original iPod?
Answer: 5 GB
Question: What other popular music player did Apple compare their new product to?
Answer: the Walkman
Question: What is the name of Apple's hardware engineering chief who helped design the iPod?
Answer: Jon Rubinstein
Question: Who manufactured the hard drives for the first iPods?
Answer: Toshiba |
Context: Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built from wattle and daub were constructed. Elaborate tombs were built for the dead. These tombs are particularly numerous in Ireland, where there are many thousand still in existence. Neolithic people in the British Isles built long barrows and chamber tombs for their dead and causewayed camps, henges, flint mines and cursus monuments. It was also important to figure out ways of preserving food for future months, such as fashioning relatively airtight containers, and using substances like salt as preservatives.
Question: What did Neolithic people use mud-brick to build?
Answer: houses and villages
Question: What scenes did the paintings on homes depict?
Answer: humans and animals
Question: What were European homes constructed from?
Answer: wattle and daub
Question: What types of sites were built for the deceased?
Answer: Elaborate tombs
Question: Where do thousands of early tombs still exist?
Answer: Ireland
Question: What did European people use mud-brick to build?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What scenes did the people on homes depict?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were Syrian homes constructed from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What types of sites were built for the animals?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where do thousands of early humans still exist?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Agricultural diversity can also be divided by whether it is ‘planned’ diversity or ‘associated’ diversity. This is a functional classification that we impose and not an intrinsic feature of life or diversity. Planned diversity includes the crops which a farmer has encouraged, planted or raised (e.g.: crops, covers, symbionts and livestock, among others), which can be contrasted with the associated diversity that arrives among the crops, uninvited (e.g.: herbivores, weed species and pathogens, among others).
Question: What are two types of Agricultural diversity?
Answer: ‘planned’ diversity or ‘associated’ diversity
Question: What type of diversity includes the crops which a farmer has encouraged, planted or raised?
Answer: Planned diversity
Question: What type of diversity arrives uninvited?
Answer: associated diversity
Question: What type of diversity includes herbivores and pathogens?
Answer: associated diversity
Question: What are two types of uninvited diversity?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of diversity included the crops which a farmer has uninvited?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of agriculure arrives uninvited?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of agricluture includes herbivores and pathogens?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can be divided by covers?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Next to sound shifts, there are ample examples of suffix differences. Often simple suffix shifts (like switching between -the, -ske, -ke, -je, ...), sometimes the suffixes even depend on quite specific grammar rules for a certain dialect. Again taking West Flemish as an example. In that language, the words "ja" (yes) and "nee" (no) are also conjugated to the (often implicit) subject of the sentence. These separate grammar rules are a lot more difficult to imitate correctly than simple sound shifts, making it easy to recognise people who didn't grow up in a certain region, even decades after they moved.
Question: What's the West Flemish word for "no"?
Answer: nee
Question: How would you tell a West Flemish speaker "yes"?
Answer: ja
Question: What piece of a sentence does West Flemish match the case of a "yes" or "no" to?
Answer: subject
Question: Would linguistic differences make it difficult or easy to point out someone who moved from a different region of the Netherlands?
Answer: easy
Question: Which is easier for a non-native speaker to imitate: grammar rules or sound shifts?
Answer: sound shifts |
Context: The consensus of modern scholarship is that the New Testament accounts represent a crucifixion occurring on a Friday, but a Thursday or Wednesday crucifixion have also been proposed. Some scholars explain a Thursday crucifixion based on a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath falling on Thursday dusk to Friday afternoon, ahead of the normal weekly Sabbath. Some have argued that Jesus was crucified on Wednesday, not Friday, on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew before his resurrection, celebrated on Sunday. Others have countered by saying that this ignores the Jewish idiom by which a "day and night" may refer to any part of a 24-hour period, that the expression in Matthew is idiomatic, not a statement that Jesus was 72 hours in the tomb, and that the many references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights.
Question: What day is presumed the Crucifixion happened?
Answer: Friday
Question: Why do some scholars propose a Thursday is possible?
Answer: a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath
Question: Why do some other scholars argue that it happened on a Wednesday?
Answer: on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew
Question: How long was Jesus said to be in the tomb?
Answer: three days and three nights
Question: Was Jesus in the tomb exactly 72 hours?
Answer: references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights
Question: On what day is it thought the first part of the New Testament was written?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What other two days could the New Testament could have been written?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why would some scholars believe the beginning of the New Testament was written on Thursday?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What other day is believed the first part of the New Testament was written on instead of Friday?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: During what period was the beginning of the New Testament written?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Many applications of silicate glasses derive from their optical transparency, which gives rise to one of silicate glasses' primary uses as window panes. Glass will transmit, reflect and refract light; these qualities can be enhanced by cutting and polishing to make optical lenses, prisms, fine glassware, and optical fibers for high speed data transmission by light. Glass can be colored by adding metallic salts, and can also be painted and printed with vitreous enamels. These qualities have led to the extensive use of glass in the manufacture of art objects and in particular, stained glass windows. Although brittle, silicate glass is extremely durable, and many examples of glass fragments exist from early glass-making cultures. Because glass can be formed or molded into any shape, and also because it is a sterile product, it has been traditionally used for vessels: bowls, vases, bottles, jars and drinking glasses. In its most solid forms it has also been used for paperweights, marbles, and beads. When extruded as glass fiber and matted as glass wool in a way to trap air, it becomes a thermal insulating material, and when these glass fibers are embedded into an organic polymer plastic, they are a key structural reinforcement part of the composite material fiberglass. Some objects historically were so commonly made of silicate glass that they are simply called by the name of the material, such as drinking glasses and reading glasses.
Question: What ingredient makes glass colorful?
Answer: metallic salts
Question: What in combination with glass fibers is used to make fiberglass?
Answer: organic polymer plastic
Question: What quality of silicate glass allows it to be used for windows?
Answer: transparency
Question: What type of glass products can be used for sending information?
Answer: optical fibers
Question: In what product are glass fibers used to hold dead air?
Answer: thermal insulating material
Question: What ingredient makes glass durable?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What in combination with glass fibers is used to make glass wool?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What quality of silicate glass allows it to be used for insulating?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of glass products can be used for reinforcement?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what product are glass fibers used to hold composite material?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The epistemological tensions between scientists and universities were also heightened by the economic realities of research during this time, as individual scientists, associations and universities were vying for limited resources. There was also competition from the formation of new colleges funded by private benefactors and designed to provide free education to the public, or established by local governments to provide a knowledge hungry populace with an alternative to traditional universities. Even when universities supported new scientific endeavors, and the university provided foundational training and authority for the research and conclusions, they could not compete with the resources available through private benefactors.
Question: Scientists and universities were competing for what?
Answer: limited resources
Question: What type of education did private benefactors hope to provide to the public?
Answer: free
Question: Governments created universities to serve as what?
Answer: an alternative to traditional universities
Question: What type of entity created competition with government created universities?
Answer: private benefactors
Question: Scientists and local governments were competing for what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of education did scientists benefactors hope to provide to the public?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Governments created knowledge to serve as what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why did local governments establish research?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What could scientists not compete with?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 2002, the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi organizations and groups promoting extremism, and arrested Maulana Masood Azhar, head of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, chief of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, and took dozens of activists into custody. An official ban was imposed on the groups on 12 January. Later that year, the Saudi born Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah was arrested by Pakistani officials during a series of joint U.S.-Pakistan raids. Zubaydah is said to have been a high-ranking al-Qaeda official with the title of operations chief and in charge of running al-Qaeda training camps. Other prominent al-Qaeda members were arrested in the following two years, namely Ramzi bin al-Shibh, who is known to have been a financial backer of al-Qaeda operations, and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who at the time of his capture was the third highest-ranking official in al-Qaeda and had been directly in charge of the planning for the 11 September attacks.
Question: When did Musharraf arrest Maulana Masood Azhar?
Answer: 2002
Question: What group did Maulana Masood Azhar lead?
Answer: Jaish-e-Mohammed
Question: What group did Hafiz Muhammad Saeed lead?
Answer: Lashkar-e-Taiba
Question: What nationality is Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah?
Answer: Saudi
Question: Which third-highest-ranking al-Qaeda officer was captured?
Answer: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
Question: Who led all of the jihadi organizations?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many government officials were taken into custody?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the name of the Pakistani official that performed a number of raids?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the nationality of Ramzi bin al-Shibh?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the rank of Ramzi bin al-Shibh?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs to its west and Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs to the south.
Question: Which country did the RSFSR border on the west?
Answer: Poland
Question: Which countries did the RSFSR border on the northwest?
Answer: Norway and Finland
Question: Which countries did the RSFSR border on the southeast?
Answer: Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China
Question: Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the south?
Answer: Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs
Question: Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the west?
Answer: the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs
Question: What country borders Russia on the west?
Answer: Poland
Question: Along with Norway, what country borders the RSFSR on the northwest?
Answer: Finland
Question: In the USSR, what SSR did the RSFSR border along with the Kazakh SSR?
Answer: Georgian
Question: Along with the Mongolian People's Republic and the People's Republic of China, what country did the RSFSR border to its southeast?
Answer: Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Question: Which country did the RSFSR conquer on the west?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which countries did the RSFSR conquer on the northwest?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which countries did the RSFSR incorporate on the southeast?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which Russian countries did the RSFSR border on the south?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR reject on the west?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia's Moravian and Pennsylvania Dutch communities; the African Burial Ground in New York City originally was known by the Dutch name "Begraafplaats van de Neger" (Cemetery of the Negro); an early US occurrence of neger in Rhode Island, dates from 1625. Thomas Jefferson also used the term "black" in his Notes on the State of Virginia in allusion to the slave populations.
Question: Who described slaves as negars?
Answer: John Rolfe
Question: Where was John Rolfe?
Answer: Colonial America
Question: Where were slaves shipped to from West Africa?
Answer: Virginia colony
Question: What was the name of the African burial ground in New York City?
Answer: "Begraafplaats van de Neger"
Question: What does "Begraafplaats van de Neger" mean?
Answer: Cemetery of the Negro |
Context: The Estonian literature refers to literature written in the Estonian language (ca. 1 million speakers). The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Germany, Sweden, and Russia resulted in few early written literary works in the Estonian language. The oldest records of written Estonian date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. The Liber Census Daniae (1241) contains Estonian place and family names.
Question: What event preceded the domination of Estonia by different European powers?
Answer: the Northern Crusades
Question: Which three nations occupied Estonia up until 1918?
Answer: Germany, Sweden, and Russia
Question: What era contains the oldest records of written Estonia works?
Answer: the 13th century
Question: What document dated in 1241 contains place and family names?
Answer: The Liber Census Daniae |
Context: Through the force of sheer numbers, the English-speaking American settlers entering the Southwest established their language, culture, and law as dominant, to the extent it fully displaced Spanish in the public sphere; this is why the United States never developed bilingualism as Canada did. For example, the California constitutional convention of 1849 had eight Californio participants; the resulting state constitution was produced in English and Spanish, and it contained a clause requiring all published laws and regulations to be published in both languages. The constitutional convention of 1872 had no Spanish-speaking participants; the convention's English-speaking participants felt that the state's remaining minority of Spanish-speakers should simply learn English; and the convention ultimately voted 46-39 to revise the earlier clause so that all official proceedings would henceforth be published only in English.
Question: Why isn't the southwest Spanish speaking?
Answer: Through the force of sheer numbers, the English-speaking American settlers entering the Southwest established their language, culture, and law
Question: Is Canada bilingual?
Answer: United States never developed bilingualism as Canada did.
Question: Was California a bilingual state?
Answer: California constitutional convention of 1849 had eight Californio participants; the resulting state constitution was produced in English and Spanish,
Question: Why didn't California officially become bilingual?
Answer: the convention's English-speaking participants felt that the state's remaining minority of Spanish-speakers should simply learn English
Question: Was there a court ruling?
Answer: the convention ultimately voted 46-39 to revise the earlier clause so that all official proceedings would henceforth be published only in English.
Question: Why isn't the southwest English-speaking?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why didn't Caifornia officially become monolingual?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What had no English-speaking participants?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What had nine California participants?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who developed Monolingualism?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Much of the medieval period was a time of power struggles between competing dynasties such as the House of Savoy, the Visconti in northern Italy and the House of Habsburg in Austria and Slovenia. In 1291 to protect themselves from incursions by the Habsburgs, four cantons in the middle of Switzerland drew up a charter that is considered to be a declaration of independence from neighboring kingdoms. After a series of battles fought in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries, more cantons joined the confederacy and by the 16th century Switzerland was well-established as a separate state.
Question: Much of the medieval period was a time of what?
Answer: power struggles
Question: Where were the Visconti from?
Answer: northern Italy
Question: What dynastie was from Austria and Slovenia?
Answer: the House of Habsburg
Question: What Country was a well-established separate state by the 16th century?
Answer: Switzerland |
Context: Strasbourg also offers high-class eclecticist buildings in its very extended German district, the Neustadt, being the main memory of Wilhelmian architecture since most of the major cities in Germany proper suffered intensive damage during World War II. Streets, boulevards and avenues are homogeneous, surprisingly high (up to seven stories) and broad examples of German urban lay-out and of this architectural style that summons and mixes up five centuries of European architecture as well as Neo-Egyptian, Neo-Greek and Neo-Babylonian styles. The former imperial palace Palais du Rhin, the most political and thus heavily criticized of all German Strasbourg buildings epitomizes the grand scale and stylistic sturdiness of this period. But the two most handsome and ornate buildings of these times are the École internationale des Pontonniers (the former Höhere Mädchenschule, girls college) with its towers, turrets and multiple round and square angles and the École des Arts décoratifs with its lavishly ornate façade of painted bricks, woodwork and majolica.
Question: What kind of high class building does Strasbourg offer?
Answer: eclecticist
Question: What war caused severe damage to Germany?
Answer: World War II
Question: What was the former imperial palace called?
Answer: Palais du Rhin
Question: What was the former girls college called?
Answer: Höhere Mädchenschule
Question: How high were some of the buildings in urban Germany?
Answer: seven stories
Question: What style is the Palais du Rhin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What building style is the Ecole Internationale des Pontonniers?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of facade does the Palais du Rhin have?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: For what purpose was the Ecole des Arts decoratifs built?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How high is the Palais du Rhin?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.
Question: When was the title of prime minister first used?
Answer: 1625
Question: Who coined the term prime minister?
Answer: Cardinal Richelieu
Question: What country did Richelieu serve as prime minister for?
Answer: France
Question: Who started a tradition of naming the head ministers something other than prime minister?
Answer: Louis XIV
Question: What term was first used in the 16th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who used the term Prme Minister in the 16th century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was named head of the royal council in the 16th century
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who avoided giving the title of Prime Minister to their chief ministers?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The rulers of the expansionist Qin dynasty, based in present-day Gansu and Shaanxi, were only the first strategists to realize that the area's military importance matched its commercial and agricultural significance. The Sichuan basin is surrounded by the Himalayas to the west, the Qin Mountains to the north, and mountainous areas of Yunnan to the south. Since the Yangtze flows through the basin and then through the perilous Yangzi Gorges to eastern and southern China, Sichuan was a staging area for amphibious military forces and a refuge for political refugees.[citation needed]
Question: What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the west?
Answer: the Himalayas
Question: What mountains surround the Sichuan basin to the North?
Answer: Qin Mountains
Question: What river flows through the Sichuan basin?
Answer: Yangtze
Question: Where was the Qin dynasty based?
Answer: present-day Gansu and Shaanxi
Question: What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the South?
Answer: mountainous areas of Yunnan
Question: What mountain range surrounds the entire Sichuan Basin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What dynasty was based in the Himalayas?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What river flows south of the Sichuan basin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What mountain range was a staging area for military forces?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the east?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What mountains surround the China basin to the North?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What river flows through the China basin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the Yangtze dynasty based?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What surrounds the China basin to the South?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.
Question: What language, other than English, is spoken in the U.S.?
Answer: Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language
Question: Are students taught Spanish in american schools?
Answer: More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses
Question: How popular are Spanish language classes in the U.S,?
Answer: Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled
Question: What other languages are popular among American students?
Answer: French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%)
Question: Are these other languages learned in the U.S. as popular as Spanish?
Answer: totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.
Question: What language other than American is spoken in the U.S.?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How popular are English classes in the U.S.?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What other languages are popular among Mexican students?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Are there other languages learned in the U.S. besides English?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many university students were enrolled in autumn of 2002?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Dannatt criticised a remnant "Cold War mentality", with military expenditures based on retaining a capability against a direct conventional strategic threat; He said currently only 10% of the MoD's equipment programme budget between 2003 and 2018 was to be invested in the "land environment"—at a time when Britain was engaged in land-based wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Question: Military spending that is based on conventional threats has been dismissed as what?
Answer: Cold War mentality
Question: How much of the MoD's equipment budget is invested in the "land environment"?
Answer: 10%
Question: Where was Britain involved in a land war when some thought that land wars were basically a thing of the past?
Answer: Afghanistan and Iraq
Question: Which years make up the time span mentioned for the military budget numbers?
Answer: 2003 and 2018
Question: What percentage of Iraq's budget was invested to help fight a direct threat in 2003?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What two countries were also involved in the Cold War?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is it called when Iraq was criticized for their military budget to stop a threat?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What time period was Britain involved in the Cold War?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was 10% of Iraq's military budget to be invested in?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Generally, scholars conclude that the Mahayana scriptures were composed from the 1st century CE onwards: "Large numbers of Mahayana sutras were being composed in the period between the beginning of the common era and the fifth century", five centuries after the historical Gautama Buddha. Some of these had their roots in other scriptures composed in the 1st century BCE. It was not until after the 5th century CE that the Mahayana sutras started to influence the behavior of mainstream Buddhists in India: "But outside of texts, at least in India, at exactly the same period, very different—in fact seemingly older—ideas and aspirations appear to be motivating actual behavior, and old and established Hinnayana groups appear to be the only ones that are patronized and supported." These texts were apparently not universally accepted among Indian Buddhists when they appeared; the pejorative label Hinayana was applied by Mahayana supporters to those who rejected the Mahayana sutras.
Question: When did Mahayana sutras start to influence the behavior of mainstream buddhists in India?
Answer: after the 5th century CE
Question: What was the pejorative label for those that rejected Mahayana sutras?
Answer: Hinayana |
Context: In the mid 1970s, various American groups (some with ties to Downtown Manhattan's punk scene, including Television and Suicide) had begun expanding on the vocabulary of punk music. Midwestern groups such as Pere Ubu and Devo drew inspiration from the region's derelict industrial environments, employing conceptual art techniques, musique concrète and unconventional verbal styles that would presage the post-punk movement by several years. A variety of subsequent groups, including New York-based Talking Heads and Boston-based Mission of Burma, combined elements of punk with art school sensibilities. In 1978, the former band began a series of collaborations with British ambient pioneer and ex-Roxy Music member Brian Eno, experimenting with Dada-influenced lyrical techniques, dance music, and African polyrhythms. San Francisco's vibrant post-punk scene was centered around such groups as Chrome, the Residents and Tuxedomoon, who incorporated multimedia experimentation, film and ideas from Antonin Artaud's Theater of Cruelty.
Question: What nationality began birthing groups who expanded the vocabulary of punk music?
Answer: American
Question: From what region did the group Devo originate?
Answer: Midwestern
Question: Where was the band Talking Heads based out of?
Answer: New York
Question: Who did the Talking Heads begin a series of collaborations with in 1978?
Answer: Brian Eno
Question: What region's post-punk scene incorporated ideas from Theater of Cruelty?
Answer: San Francisco's
Question: When did the American groups begin to really get in on the post-punk movement?
Answer: mid 1970s
Question: Which American bands had ties to the Manchester punk scene?
Answer: Television and Suicide
Question: What were some Midwestern punk bands?
Answer: Pere Ubu and Devo
Question: What did Pere and Devo draw inspiration for their music from?
Answer: derelict industrial environments
Question: What were groups in San Francisco's post-punk scene?
Answer: Chrome, the Residents and Tuxedomoon
Question: What groups were not interested in the punk scene?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which environments were not inspirational to music?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What elements were never combined with punk?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year was the least influential for post-punk?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: There were too few ethnic Manchus to conquer China, so they gained strength by defeating and absorbing Mongols, but more importantly, adding Han Chinese to the Eight Banners. The Manchus had to create an entire "Jiu Han jun" (Old Han Army) due to the massive amount of Han Chinese soldiers which were absorbed into the Eight Banners by both capture and defection, Ming artillery was responsible for many victories against the Manchus, so the Manchus established an artillery corps made out of Han Chinese soldiers in 1641 and the swelling of Han Chinese numbers in the Eight Banners led in 1642 of all Eight Han Banners being created. It was defected Ming Han Chinese armies which conquered southern China for the Qing.
Question: What group did the Manchus take over to add strength to their numbers?
Answer: Mongols
Question: What weapon helped the Ming defeat the Manchus?
Answer: artillery
Question: When did the Manchus create their own artillery?
Answer: 1641 |
Context: In January 2012 a Tuareg rebellion began in Northern Mali, led by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad. In March, military officer Amadou Sanogo seized power in a coup d'état, citing Touré's failures in quelling the rebellion, and leading to sanctions and an embargo by the Economic Community of West African States. The MNLA quickly took control of the north, declaring independence as Azawad. However, Islamist groups including Ansar Dine and Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), who had helped the MNLA defeat the government, turned on the Tuareg and took control of the North with the goal of implementing sharia in Mali.
Question: What rebellion began in January of 2012?
Answer: Tuareg rebellion
Question: In March of 2012 whom gained control of Mali?
Answer: Amadou Sanogo
Question: What group led the rebellion in Northern Mali?
Answer: National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
Question: The embargo of the Economic Community of West African States imposed what type of punishment?
Answer: sanctions
Question: What group declared independence as Asawad?
Answer: MNLA
Question: What rebellion began in South Mali?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The Tuareg rebellion began in June of what year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What Islamic group led the rebellion in North Mali?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did AQIM Institute sanctions against?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did the MNLA turn against?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States. The failure of IndyMac Bank on July 11, 2008, was the fourth largest bank failure in United States history up until the crisis precipitated even larger failures, and the second largest failure of a regulated thrift. IndyMac Bank's parent corporation was IndyMac Bancorp until the FDIC seized IndyMac Bank. IndyMac Bancorp filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in July 2008.
Question: Which financial institution was the first one visible to run into trouble in the United States?
Answer: IndyMac
Question: Who was Southern California-based IndyMac a spin-off of?
Answer: Countrywide Financial
Question: Before its failure, which savings and loan association was the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States?
Answer: IndyMac Bank
Question: On what date did IndyMac fail?
Answer: July 11, 2008
Question: Who was IndyMac's parent corporation?
Answer: IndyMac Bancorp |
Context: Additionally, there are a number of Assistant Chiefs of Defence Staff, including the Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Reserves and Cadets) and the Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, who is also the Assistant Chief of Defence Staff (Personnel).
Question: One of the Assistant Chiefs of the Defence Staff is for Reserves and what?
Answer: Cadets
Question: The Personnel Chief is also known as what?
Answer: the Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom
Question: There is a Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the what?
Answer: Sovereign
Question: Who are two of the Assistant Chiefs of the Defence Staff?
Answer: Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Reserves and Cadets) and the Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom
Question: What is the Assistant Chief of the Defense Staff for Reserves and Cadets also known as?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What two groups is the Defense Services Secretary responsible for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what household is the Assistant Chief of the Defense Staff for Reserves and Cadets?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many Defence Services Secretaries are there?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What assistant in the royal household is also responsible for Reserves and Cadets?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the early 1970s, the Miami disco sound came to life with TK Records, featuring the music of KC and the Sunshine Band, with such hits as "Get Down Tonight", "(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty" and "That's the Way (I Like It)"; and the Latin-American disco group, Foxy (band), with their hit singles "Get Off" and "Hot Number". Miami-area natives George McCrae and Teri DeSario were also popular music artists during the 1970s disco era. The Bee Gees moved to Miami in 1975 and have lived here ever since then. Miami-influenced, Gloria Estefan and the Miami Sound Machine, hit the popular music scene with their Cuban-oriented sound and had hits in the 1980s with "Conga" and "Bad Boys".
Question: What group performed the song "Hot Number"?
Answer: Foxy
Question: In what year did the Bee Gees relocate to Miami?
Answer: 1975
Question: What band performed the song "Conga"?
Answer: Gloria Estefan and the Miami Sound Machine
Question: What music label showcased KC and the Sunshine Band?
Answer: TK Records
Question: In what decade was disco popular?
Answer: 1970s
Question: What group hated the song "Hot Number"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year didn't the Bee Gees relocate to Miami?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What band hated the song "Conga"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What music label snubbed KC and the Sunshine Band?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what decade was disco unpopular?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Following Die Another Day, Madonna collaborated with fashion photographer Steven Klein in 2003 for an exhibition installation named X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS. It included photography from a photo shoot in W magazine, and seven video segments. The installation ran from March to May in New York's Deitch Projects gallery. It traveled the world in an edited form. The same year, Madonna released her ninth studio album, American Life, which was based on her observations of American society; it received mixed reviews. She commented, "[American Life] was like a trip down memory lane, looking back at everything I've accomplished and all the things I once valued and all the things that were important to me." Larry Flick from The Advocate felt that "American Life is an album that is among her most adventurous and lyrically intelligent" while condemning it as "a lazy, half-arsed effort to sound and take her seriously." The title song peaked at number 37 on the Hot 100. Its original music video was canceled as Madonna thought that the video, featuring violence and war imagery, would be deemed unpatriotic since America was then at war with Iraq. With four million copies sold worldwide, American Life was the lowest-selling album of her career at that point.
Question: What is the name of the exhibition installation that Madonna teamed up with fashion photographer Chris Klein called?
Answer: X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS
Question: What was Madonna's ninth album called?
Answer: American Life
Question: When was American Life released?
Answer: 2003
Question: American Life reached which number at the Hot 100?
Answer: 37
Question: How many copies did the album sell worldwide?
Answer: four million |
Context: As they grew older Madonna and her sisters would feel deep sadness as the vivid memory of their mother began drifting farther from them. They would study pictures of her and come to think that she resembled poet Anne Sexton and Hollywood actresses. This would later raise Madonna's interest in poetry, with Sylvia Plath being her favourite. Later, Madonna commented: "We were all wounded in one way or another by [her death], and then we spent the rest of our lives reacting to it or dealing with it or trying to turn into something else. The anguish of losing my mom left me with a certain kind of loneliness and an incredible longing for something. If I hadn't had that emptiness, I wouldn't have been so driven. Her death had a lot to do with me saying—after I got over my heartache—I'm going to be really strong if I can't have my mother. I'm going to take care of myself." Taraborrelli felt that in time, no doubt because of the devastation she felt, Madonna would never again allow herself, or even her daughter, to feel as abandoned as she had felt when her mother died. "Her death had taught [Madonna] a valuable lesson, that she would have to remain strong for herself because, she feared weakness—particularly her own—and wanted to be the queen of her own castle."
Question: Who felt deep sadness as the death of their mother fades away?
Answer: Madonna and her sisters
Question: Who does Madonna's mum resemble?
Answer: poet Anne Sexton
Question: Who is Madonna's favorite poet?
Answer: Sylvia Plath
Question: Who felt that her mother death was the driving force behind her success?
Answer: Madonna |
Context: Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) tried to reconcile rationalism and religious belief, individual freedom and political authority, as well as map out a view of the public sphere through private and public reason. Kant's work continued to shape German thought, and indeed all of European philosophy, well into the 20th century. Mary Wollstonecraft was one of England's earliest feminist philosophers. She argued for a society based on reason, and that women, as well as men, should be treated as rational beings. She is best known for her work A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1791).
Question: Kant's work continued to shape German thought and European philosophy well into what century?
Answer: 20th
Question: In what year was Immanuel Kant born?
Answer: 1724
Question: For which work is Mary Wollstonecraft best known?
Answer: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1791)
Question: In what year was A Vindication on the Rights of Woman published?
Answer: 1791
Question: Mary Wollstonecraft argued for a society based on what idea?
Answer: reason |
Context: Switzerland lies between latitudes 45° and 48° N, and longitudes 5° and 11° E. It contains three basic topographical areas: the Swiss Alps to the south, the Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau, and the Jura mountains on the west. The Alps are a high mountain range running across the central-south of the country, comprising about 60% of the country's total area. The majority of the Swiss population live in the Swiss Plateau. Among the high valleys of the Swiss Alps many glaciers are found, totalling an area of 1,063 square kilometres (410 sq mi). From these originate the headwaters of several major rivers, such as the Rhine, Inn, Ticino and Rhône, which flow in the four cardinal directions into the whole of Europe. The hydrographic network includes several of the largest bodies of freshwater in Central and Western Europe, among which are included Lake Geneva (also called le Lac Léman in French), Lake Constance (known as Bodensee in German) and Lake Maggiore. Switzerland has more than 1500 lakes, and contains 6% of Europe's stock of fresh water. Lakes and glaciers cover about 6% of the national territory. The largest lake is Lake Geneva, in western Switzerland shared with France. The Rhône is both the main source and outflow of Lake Geneva. Lake Constance is the second largest Swiss lake and, like the Lake Geneva, an intermediate step by the Rhine at the border to Austria and Germany. While the Rhône flows into the Mediterranean Sea at the French Camarque region and the Rhine flows into the North Sea at Rotterdam in the Netherlands, about 1000 km apart, both springs are only about 22 km apart from each other in the Swiss Alps.
Question: Which basic topographical area is in the south of Switzerland?
Answer: Swiss Alps
Question: Which basic topographical area is in central Switzerland?
Answer: Swiss Plateau
Question: Which basic topographical area is in western Switzerland?
Answer: Jura mountains
Question: How much of Switzerland's total area do the Alps comprise?
Answer: 60%
Question: What is the largest lake in Switzerland?
Answer: Lake Geneva |
Context: Also in late 1965, the Date subsidiary label was revived. This label released the first string of hits for Peaches & Herb and scored a few minor hits from various other artists. Date's biggest success was "Time of the Season" by the Zombies, peaking at #2 in 1969. The label was discontinued in 1970.
Question: Date Records gave rise to the group "Peaches and Herb" in what year?
Answer: 1965
Question: Date Records released what major success in 1969?
Answer: "Time of the Season" by the Zombies
Question: What place on the charts did Date Records' big success land on?
Answer: #2
Question: Despite the success, in what year did Date Records cease to exist?
Answer: 1970
Question: The Date subsidiary label expired in what year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Date's biggest success was "Turn of the Season" by what group?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: "Time of the Season" peaked at #1 in what year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In 1970, which label was revived?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were discontinued in those Commonwealth realms that established a national system of honours and awards such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit. In many of these systems, the different levels of award and honour reflect the Imperial system they replaced. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand all have (in increasing level of precedence) Members of, Officers of, and Companions to (rather than Commanders of) their respective orders, with both Australia and New Zealand having Knights and Dames as their highest classes.
Question: Who was discontinued in the Commonwealth realms?
Answer: Appointments to the Order of the British Empire
Question: Who established a national system of honours and awards?
Answer: Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit
Question: How were the different levels of award and honour reflected the imperial system?
Answer: Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
Question: What were the highest class?
Answer: Knights and Dames |
Context: After the Civil War, racial segregation forced African Americans to share more of a common lot in society than they might have given widely varying ancestry, educational and economic levels. The binary division altered the separate status of the traditionally free people of color in Louisiana, for instance, although they maintained a strong Louisiana Créole culture related to French culture and language, and practice of Catholicism. African Americans began to create common cause—regardless of their multiracial admixture or social and economic stratification. In 20th-century changes, during the rise of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements, the African-American community increased its own pressure for people of any portion of African descent to be claimed by the black community to add to its power.
Question: As an example, whose status was downgraded after the civil war?
Answer: traditionally free people of color in Louisiana
Question: Who were increasingly included as African Americans in the 20th century?
Answer: people of any portion of African descent
Question: What were African Americans forced to share before the Civil War?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kept the separate status of the traditionally free people of color in Louisiana the same?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who maintained a strong culture related to Italian culture?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What culture was known for practicing Protestantism?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What decreased the pressure for people of African descent to be claimed by the black community?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Rejecting offers to direct Jaws 2, King Kong and Superman, Spielberg and actor Richard Dreyfuss re-convened to work on a film about UFOs, which became Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977). One of the rare films both written and directed by Spielberg, Close Encounters was a critical and box office hit, giving Spielberg his first Best Director nomination from the Academy as well as earning six other Academy Awards nominations. It won Oscars in two categories (Cinematography, Vilmos Zsigmond, and a Special Achievement Award for Sound Effects Editing, Frank E. Warner). This second blockbuster helped to secure Spielberg's rise. His next film, 1941, a big-budgeted World War II farce, was not nearly as successful and though it grossed over $92.4 million worldwide (and did make a small profit for co-producing studios Columbia and Universal) it was seen as a disappointment, mainly with the critics.
Question: What films did Spielberg turn down in the 70s?
Answer: Jaws 2, King Kong and Superman
Question: How many Oscars did Close Encounters win?
Answer: two
Question: How many Oscars did Close Encounters get nominated for, besides Best Director?
Answer: six
Question: What was the genre of '1941'?
Answer: World War II farce
Question: How much did '1941' earn?
Answer: over $92.4 million worldwide
Question: In what year did Vilmos Zsigmond become a cinematographer?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Frank E. Warner become a sound effects editor?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much did Close Encounters earn overseas?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who starred in 1941?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much did 1941 earn in the US?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Terry Eastland, the author who wrote From Ending Affirmative Action: The Case for Colorblind Justice states, "Most arguments for affirmative action fall into two categories: remedying past discrimination and promoting diversity". Eastland believes that the founders of affirmative action did not anticipate how the benefits of affirmative action would go to those who did not need it, mostly middle class minorities. Additionally, she argues that affirmative action carries with it a stigma that can create feelings of self-doubt and entitlement in minorities. Eastland believes that affirmative action is a great risk that only sometimes pays off, and that without it we would be able to compete more freely with one another. Libertarian economist Thomas Sowell identified what he says are negative results of affirmative action in his book, Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study. Sowell writes that affirmative action policies encourage non-preferred groups to designate themselves as members of preferred groups [i.e., primary beneficiaries of affirmative action] to take advantage of group preference policies; that they tend to benefit primarily the most fortunate among the preferred group (e.g., upper and middle class blacks), often to the detriment of the least fortunate among the non-preferred groups (e.g., poor white or Asian); that they reduce the incentives of both the preferred and non-preferred to perform at their best – the former because doing so is unnecessary and the latter because it can prove futile – thereby resulting in net losses for society as a whole; and that they engender animosity toward preferred groups as well.:115–147
Question: Which book did Terry Eastland write?
Answer: From Ending Affirmative Action: The Case for Colorblind Justice
Question: Outside of promoting diversity, was does Eastland believe the other reason to be in favor of affirmative action is?
Answer: remedying past discrimination
Question: What did Eastland believe the founders of affirmative action did not consider?
Answer: how the benefits of affirmative action would go to those who did not need it
Question: Why does Sowell believe that there is little to no incentive for the preferred minority groups to perform at their best?
Answer: because doing so is unnecessary
Question: What argument does Sowell make in his claim that non - preferred minorities have less incentive to perform at their best?
Answer: because it can prove futile
Question: Which song did Terry Eastland write?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Outside of promoting diversity, was does Eastland believe the other reason to be against affirmative action is?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Westland believe the founders of affirmative action did not consider?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why does Sowell believe that there is a lot of incentive for the preferred minority groups to perform at their best?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What argument does Sowell make in his claim that preferred minorities have less incentive to perform at their best?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The normal commercial disc is engraved with two sound-bearing concentric spiral grooves, one on each side, running from the outside edge towards the center. The last part of the spiral meets an earlier part to form a circle. The sound is encoded by fine variations in the edges of the groove that cause a stylus (needle) placed in it to vibrate at acoustic frequencies when the disc is rotated at the correct speed. Generally, the outer and inner parts of the groove bear no intended sound (an exception is Split Enz's Mental Notes).
Question: In which direction does the groove in a normal disc run?
Answer: outside edge towards the center
Question: How is sound encoded on a commercial disc?
Answer: by fine variations
Question: Does it matter at which speed a disc is spun?
Answer: correct speed
Question: Do all grooves bear data?
Answer: no |
Context: Ranked below the Three Councillors of State were the Nine Ministers, who each headed a specialized ministry. The Minister of Ceremonies was the chief official in charge of religious rites, rituals, prayers and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars. The Minister of the Household was in charge of the emperor's security within the palace grounds, external imperial parks and wherever the emperor made an outing by chariot. The Minister of the Guards was responsible for securing and patrolling the walls, towers, and gates of the imperial palaces. The Minister Coachman was responsible for the maintenance of imperial stables, horses, carriages and coach-houses for the emperor and his palace attendants, as well as the supply of horses for the armed forces. The Minister of Justice was the chief official in charge of upholding, administering, and interpreting the law. The Minister Herald was the chief official in charge of receiving honored guests at the imperial court, such as nobles and foreign ambassadors. The Minister of the Imperial Clan oversaw the imperial court's interactions with the empire's nobility and extended imperial family, such as granting fiefs and titles. The Minister of Finance was the treasurer for the official bureaucracy and the armed forces who handled tax revenues and set standards for units of measurement. The Minister Steward served the emperor exclusively, providing him with entertainment and amusements, proper food and clothing, medicine and physical care, valuables and equipment.
Question: Which individual had a duty to maintain the imperial stables?
Answer: The Minister Coachman
Question: Which Minister had the responsibility to interpret laws in this period?
Answer: The Minister of Justice
Question: Which Minister could an honored guest of the court be expected to see?
Answer: The Minister Herald
Question: Who provided the emperor with sustenance and medical aid?
Answer: The Minister Steward
Question: Which individual held the responsibility to oversee the interactions of the empire's nobles with the court?
Answer: The Minister of the Imperial Clan |
Context: Patent infringement typically is caused by using or selling a patented invention without permission from the patent holder. The scope of the patented invention or the extent of protection is defined in the claims of the granted patent. There is safe harbor in many jurisdictions to use a patented invention for research. This safe harbor does not exist in the US unless the research is done for purely philosophical purposes, or in order to gather data in order to prepare an application for regulatory approval of a drug. In general, patent infringement cases are handled under civil law (e.g., in the United States) but several jurisdictions incorporate infringement in criminal law also (for example, Argentina, China, France, Japan, Russia, South Korea).
Question: What is caused by using or selling a patented invention without permission?
Answer: Patent infringement
Question: Where does the safe harbor to use a patented invention for research generally not exist?
Answer: in the US
Question: What type of law handles patent infringement cases in the US?
Answer: civil
Question: What type of law handles patent infringement cases in China?
Answer: criminal
Question: What type of law handles patent infringement cases in Russia?
Answer: criminal
Question: What is caused by using or selling a patented invention?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the US have a safe harbor for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of cases in the US are handled by criminal law?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What types of cases in Russia and China are handled by civil law?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1185 John made his first visit to Ireland, accompanied by 300 knights and a team of administrators. Henry had tried to have John officially proclaimed King of Ireland, but Pope Lucius III would not agree. John's first period of rule in Ireland was not a success. Ireland had only recently been conquered by Anglo-Norman forces, and tensions were still rife between Henry II, the new settlers and the existing inhabitants. John infamously offended the local Irish rulers by making fun of their unfashionable long beards, failed to make allies amongst the Anglo-Norman settlers, began to lose ground militarily against the Irish and finally returned to England later in the year, blaming the viceroy, Hugh de Lacy, for the fiasco.
Question: When did John make his first visit to Ireland?
Answer: 1185
Question: How many knights accompanied John to Ireland?
Answer: 300
Question: How did John offend the local Irish rulers?
Answer: making fun of their unfashionable long beards |
Context: Funeral and commemorative rites varied according to wealth, status and religious context. In Cicero's time, the better-off sacrificed a sow at the funeral pyre before cremation. The dead consumed their portion in the flames of the pyre, Ceres her portion through the flame of her altar, and the family at the site of the cremation. For the less well-off, inhumation with "a libation of wine, incense, and fruit or crops was sufficient". Ceres functioned as an intermediary between the realms of the living and the dead: the deceased had not yet fully passed to the world of the dead and could share a last meal with the living. The ashes (or body) were entombed or buried. On the eighth day of mourning, the family offered further sacrifice, this time on the ground; the shade of the departed was assumed to have passed entirely into the underworld. They had become one of the di Manes, who were collectively celebrated and appeased at the Parentalia, a multi-day festival of remembrance in February.
Question: What type of rites varied in accordance with status and religion?
Answer: Funeral and commemorative
Question: What was the grave sacrifice in Cicero's time?
Answer: sow
Question: What class gave only wine and food as a grave offering?
Answer: less well-off
Question: What was the multi day of remembrance for the dead?
Answer: Parentalia
Question: What goddess was an intermediary between the dead and the living?
Answer: Ceres |
Context: Mali's constitution provides for an independent judiciary, but the executive continues to exercise influence over the judiciary by virtue of power to appoint judges and oversee both judicial functions and law enforcement. Mali's highest courts are the Supreme Court, which has both judicial and administrative powers, and a separate Constitutional Court that provides judicial review of legislative acts and serves as an election arbiter. Various lower courts exist, though village chiefs and elders resolve most local disputes in rural areas.
Question: What is Mali's highest court?
Answer: Supreme Court
Question: What controls do the supreme court have?
Answer: both judicial and administrative powers
Question: Constitutional Court provides what type of review of legislative acts?
Answer: judicial review
Question: Constitutional Court also serves as what type of arbiter?
Answer: election
Question: Local disputes in rural areas are usually handled by what individuals?
Answer: village chiefs and elders
Question: What country does not have an independent judiciary?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the Supreme Court enforce?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What this is Supreme Court review?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do lower courts resolve at the local level?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In April 2008, a £90m contract was signed with Boeing for a "quick fix" solution, so they can fly by 2010: QinetiQ will downgrade the Chinooks—stripping out some of their more advanced equipment.
Question: Which aircraft manufacturer got a contract with the MoD?
Answer: Boeing
Question: When was the Boeing contract signed?
Answer: April 2008
Question: Who is downgrading the Chinook helicopters?
Answer: QinetiQ
Question: How much was the Boeing contract worth?
Answer: £90m
Question: What was removed from the Chinook helicopters?
Answer: more advanced equipment
Question: What did Chinook sign in April 2008?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What will Boeing downgrade?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What will Boeing remove from the Chinooks?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was a contract signed for more advanced equipment?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Chinook looking for when signing the contract?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A new generation of clubs such as Liverpool's Cream and the Ministry of Sound were opened to provide a venue for more commercial sounds. Major record companies began to open "superclubs" promoting their own acts. These superclubs entered into sponsorship deals initially with fast food, soft drinks, and clothing companies. Flyers in clubs in Ibiza often sported many corporate logos. A new subgenre, Chicago hard house, was developed by DJs such as Bad Boy Bill, DJ Lynnwood, DJ Irene, Richard "Humpty" Vission and DJ Enrie, mixing elements of Chicago house, funky house and hard house together. Additionally, Producers such as George Centeno, Darren Ramirez, and Martin O. Cairo would develop the Los Angeles Hard House sound. Similar to gabber or hardcore techno from the Netherlands, this sound was often associated with the "rebel" culture of the time. These 3 producers are often considered "ahead of their time" since many of the sounds they engineered during the late 20th century became more prominent during the 21st century.
Question: where was a new type of club called Cream located?
Answer: Liverpool
Question: what was a new subgenre of house in chicago, developed by bad boy bill and others, called?
Answer: Chicago hard house
Question: george centeno, darren ramirez, and martin o. cairo developed a hard house sound in what city?
Answer: Los Angeles
Question: what was another name for hardcore techno from the netherlands?
Answer: gabber
Question: who began opening "superclubs"?
Answer: Major record companies
Question: Where was a new type of club called Darren Located?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was a new subgenre of house in Los Angeles, developed by bad boy bill and others, called?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: George Centeno, Darren Ramirez, and Martin O. Cairo developed a superclub sound in what city?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was another name for hardcore techno from Chicago?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who began opening gabbers?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Pioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as "Laser Videodisc". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Philips-MCA cooperation was not successful, and discontinued after a few years. Several of the scientists responsible for the early research (Richard Wilkinson, Ray Dakin and John Winslow) founded Optical Disc Corporation (now ODC Nimbus).
Question: Who purchased the majority stake and re-marketed the product in 1980?
Answer: Pioneer Electronics
Question: Was Laserdisk officially or unofficially reffered to as "Laser Videodisc"?
Answer: unofficially
Question: Did MCA produce the disc or the players after being bought out?
Answer: discs
Question: Who were the scientists that worked on the early research for Laserdiscs?
Answer: Richard Wilkinson, Ray Dakin and John Winslow
Question: What company did the early Laserdisc researchers later found?
Answer: Optical Disc Corporation (now ODC Nimbus) |
Context: Every dollar ($1) that is spent on pesticides for crops yields four dollars ($4) in crops saved. This means based that, on the amount of money spent per year on pesticides, $10 billion, there is an additional $40 billion savings in crop that would be lost due to damage by insects and weeds. In general, farmers benefit from having an increase in crop yield and from being able to grow a variety of crops throughout the year. Consumers of agricultural products also benefit from being able to afford the vast quantities of produce available year-round. The general public also benefits from the use of pesticides for the control of insect-borne diseases and illnesses, such as malaria. The use of pesticides creates a large job market within the agrichemical sector.
Question: What do monetary savings in crops from the use of pesticide amount to?
Answer: $40 billion
Question: What amount is spent annualoy on pesticides?
Answer: $10 billion
Question: How are consumers able to benefit from saved crops?
Answer: vast quantities of produce available year-round
Question: In which area do pesticides creat jobs?
Answer: agrichemical sector
Question: How is the health of the general publis affected by pesticides?
Answer: control of insect-borne diseases and illnesses
Question: How much profit is generated by the agrichemical sector in the US each year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much money is spent each year to fight malaria?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what ways do farmers benefit from the $10 billion spent on preventing malaria each year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Farmers make $10 billion per year growing what type of produce?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the job market like if you want to be a farmer?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Throughout its history, the city has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States; more than 12 million European immigrants were received at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924. The term "melting pot" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. By 1900, Germans constituted the largest immigrant group, followed by the Irish, Jews, and Italians. In 1940, whites represented 92% of the city's population.
Question: How many immigrants arrived at Ellis Island from 1892 to 1924?
Answer: 12 million
Question: 'Melting pot' was first used to describe neighborhoods in what area of the city?
Answer: Lower East Side
Question: What ethnicity comprised the largest number of immigrants at the beginning of the twentieth century?
Answer: Germans
Question: What percentage of the population was Caucasian in 1940?
Answer: 92%
Question: What was the ethnicity of the second largest group of immigrants in 1900?
Answer: Irish
Question: Between 1892-1924, how many immigrants came through Ellis Island?
Answer: more than 12 million
Question: In the year 1942, what percentage of white Americans made up New York City?
Answer: 92 |
Context: But Amnesty International found no evidence that UNFPA had supported the coercion. A 2001 study conducted by the pro-life Population Research Institute (PRI) falsely claimed that the UNFPA shared an office with the Chinese family planning officials who were carrying out forced abortions. "We located the family planning offices, and in that family planning office, we located the UNFPA office, and we confirmed from family planning officials there that there is no distinction between what the UNFPA does and what the Chinese Family Planning Office does," said Scott Weinberg, a spokesman for PRI. However, United Nations Members disagreed and approved UNFPA’s new country program me in January 2006. The more than 130 members of the “Group of 77” developing countries in the United Nations expressed support for the UNFPA programmes. In addition, speaking for European democracies -- Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Switzerland and Germany -- the United Kingdom stated, ”UNFPA’s activities in China, as in the rest of the world, are in strict conformity with the unanimously adopted Programme of Action of the ICPD, and play a key role in supporting our common endeavor, the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.”
Question: What organization found no evidence that UNFPA had supported Chinese coercion?
Answer: Amnesty International
Question: In 2001, what organization accused UNFPA of sharing office space with Chinese family planning officials?
Answer: Population Research Institute
Question: In January 2006, who approved UNFPA's new country programme?
Answer: United Nations Members
Question: How many members does the “Group of 77” have?
Answer: 130
Question: Who, speaking for the European democracies, also defended UNFPA?
Answer: the United Kingdom
Question: What organization found plenty of evidence that UNFPA had supported Chinese coercion?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many members does the “Group of 44” have?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In January 2006, who destroyed UNFPA's new country programme?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who, speaking for the European democracies, also disliked UNFPA?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What organization was sharing office space with Chinese family planning officials in 2011?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological evidence suggests at most a fleeting presence of very few Jews, primarily itinerant traders or artisans. A substantial Jewish population emerged in northern Gaul by the Middle Ages, but Jewish communities existed in 465 CE in Brittany, in 524 CE in Valence, and in 533 CE in Orleans. Throughout this period and into the early Middle Ages, some Jews assimilated into the dominant Greek and Latin cultures, mostly through conversion to Christianity.[better source needed] King Dagobert I of the Franks expelled the Jews from his Merovingian kingdom in 629. Jews in former Roman territories faced new challenges as harsher anti-Jewish Church rulings were enforced.
Question: Who expelled the Jews from his Merovingian kingdom in 629?
Answer: King Dagobert I of the Franks
Question: Does the archeological record suggest that there was a rather large or small population of Jews in Gaul and Germany?
Answer: very few Jews
Question: In antiquity, most Jews in Gaul or Germany probably occupied what two roles?
Answer: traders or artisans
Question: In what year did Jewish communities exist in Brittany?
Answer: 465 CE
Question: During the Middle Ages, some Jews assimilated into the dominant Greek and Latin cultures by doing what?
Answer: conversion to Christianity |
Context: Zeng Guofan had no prior military experience. Being a classically educated official, he took his blueprint for the Xiang Army from the Ming general Qi Jiguang, who, because of the weakness of regular Ming troops, had decided to form his own "private" army to repel raiding Japanese pirates in the mid-16th century. Qi Jiguang's doctrine was based on Neo-Confucian ideas of binding troops' loyalty to their immediate superiors and also to the regions in which they were raised. Zeng Guofan's original intention for the Xiang Army was simply to eradicate the Taiping rebels. However, the success of the Yongying system led to its becoming a permanent regional force within the Qing military, which in the long run created problems for the beleaguered central government.
Question: Who inspired Zeng Guofan in creating his army?
Answer: Qi Jiguang
Question: What did Qi Jiguang's private army do?
Answer: repel raiding Japanese pirates
Question: What was the original plan for the Xiang Army?
Answer: eradicate the Taiping rebels |
Context: Beyoncé and her mother introduced House of Deréon, a contemporary women's fashion line, in 2005. The concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family, the name paying tribute to Beyoncé's grandmother, Agnèz Deréon, a respected seamstress. According to Tina, the overall style of the line best reflects her and Beyoncé's taste and style. Beyoncé and her mother founded their family's company Beyond Productions, which provides the licensing and brand management for House of Deréon, and its junior collection, Deréon. House of Deréon pieces were exhibited in Destiny's Child's shows and tours, during their Destiny Fulfilled era. The collection features sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear, and are available at department and specialty stores across the US and Canada.
Question: House of Dereon became known through Beyonce and which of Beyonce's relatives?
Answer: her mother
Question: Beyonce's grandma's name was?
Answer: Agnèz Deréon
Question: Beyonce's family's company name is what?
Answer: Beyond Productions
Question: What types of garments are sold by Beyonce's clothing line?
Answer: sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear
Question: Which two countries can you purchase Beyonce's clothing line?
Answer: US and Canada
Question: Who partnered with Beyonce to start the clothing line, Dereon?
Answer: her mother
Question: When did Beyonce and her mother start Dereon?
Answer: 2005
Question: Who was the business named for in Beyonce's family?
Answer: grandmother, Agnèz Deréon
Question: Where were items from the clothing line displayed?
Answer: in Destiny's Child's shows and tours
Question: Who shares in the House of Deréon fashion line introduction with Beyoncé?
Answer: her mother
Question: What is the name of the House of Deréon junior collection?
Answer: Deréon. |
Context: The political separation of the Church of England from Rome under Henry VIII brought England alongside this broad Reformation movement. Reformers in the Church of England alternated between sympathies for ancient Catholic tradition and more Reformed principles, gradually developing into a tradition considered a middle way (via media) between the Roman Catholic and Protestant traditions. The English Reformation followed a particular course. The different character of the English Reformation came primarily from the fact that it was driven initially by the political necessities of Henry VIII. King Henry decided to remove the Church of England from the authority of Rome. In 1534, the Act of Supremacy recognized Henry as the only Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England. Between 1535 and 1540, under Thomas Cromwell, the policy known as the Dissolution of the Monasteries was put into effect. Following a brief Roman Catholic restoration during the reign of Mary I, a loose consensus developed during the reign of Elizabeth I. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement largely formed Anglicanism into a distinctive church tradition. The compromise was uneasy and was capable of veering between extreme Calvinism on the one hand and Roman Catholicism on the other. It was relatively successful until the Puritan Revolution or English Civil War in the 17th century.
Question: Under whose reign did the Church of England part from Rome?
Answer: Henry VIII
Question: When was the Act of Supremacy passed?
Answer: 1534
Question: Who was made the Supreme Head of the Church of England in 1534?
Answer: King Henry
Question: What made Anglicanism into a more distinct tradition?
Answer: The Elizabethan Religious Settlement
Question: In what years were the Dissolution of the Monasteries carried out?
Answer: Between 1535 and 1540 |
Context: A party may claim that a treaty should be terminated, even absent an express provision, if there has been a fundamental change in circumstances. Such a change is sufficient if unforeseen, if it undermined the “essential basis” of consent by a party, if it radically transforms the extent of obligations between the parties, and if the obligations are still to be performed. A party cannot base this claim on change brought about by its own breach of the treaty. This claim also cannot be used to invalidate treaties that established or redrew political boundaries.[citation needed]
Question: What might result in a party to a treaty claiming a treaty should be terminated even absent an express provision for its termination?
Answer: a fundamental change in circumstances
Question: A party cannot base its claim of a fundamental change in circumstances if the change was brought about by what?
Answer: its own breach of the treaty
Question: The claim of a fundamental change in circumstances cannot be used to invalidate treaties that established or redrew what?
Answer: political boundaries
Question: The radical transformation of what aspect of the obligations between the parties is a necessary condition for a claim of a fundamental change in circumstances to terminate a treaty?
Answer: the extent of obligations
Question: In order to be considered a fundamental change, a change in circumstances must have been what at the time of the adoption of the treaty?
Answer: unforeseen |
Context: While the new plebeian nobility made social, political and religious inroads on traditionally patrician preserves, their electorate maintained their distinctive political traditions and religious cults. During the Punic crisis, popular cult to Dionysus emerged from southern Italy; Dionysus was equated with Father Liber, the inventor of plebeian augury and personification of plebeian freedoms, and with Roman Bacchus. Official consternation at these enthusiastic, unofficial Bacchanalia cults was expressed as moral outrage at their supposed subversion, and was followed by ferocious suppression. Much later, a statue of Marsyas, the silen of Dionysus flayed by Apollo, became a focus of brief symbolic resistance to Augustus' censorship. Augustus himself claimed the patronage of Venus and Apollo; but his settlement appealed to all classes. Where loyalty was implicit, no divine hierarchy need be politically enforced; Liber's festival continued.
Question: What did the patrician electorate keep in spite of a new plebeian nobility?
Answer: political traditions and religious cults
Question: What cult arrived from southern Italy?
Answer: Dionysus
Question: During what time did the Dionysus cult become popular?
Answer: Punic crisis
Question: To what Roman god was Dionysus similar?
Answer: Bacchus
Question: With loyalty a necessity, what censorship did not need to be enforced?
Answer: divine hierarchy |
Context: Nanjing ( listen; Chinese: 南京, "Southern Capital") is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. It is the capital city of Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China and the second largest city in East China, with a total population of 8,216,100, and legally the capital of Republic of China which lost the mainland during the civil war. The city whose name means "Southern Capital" has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century AD to 1949. Prior to the advent of pinyin romanization, Nanjing's city name was spelled as Nanking or Nankin. Nanjing has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city, and among them there is the name Jiangning (江寧), whose former character Jiang (江, River) is the former part of the name Jiangsu and latter character Ning (寧, simplified form 宁, Peace) is the short name of Nanjing. When being the capital of a state, for instance, ROC, Jing (京) is adopted as the abbreviation of Nanjing. Although as a city located in southern part of China becoming Chinese national capital as early as in Jin dynasty, the name Nanjing was designated to the city in Ming dynasty, about a thousand years later. Nanjing is particularly known as Jinling (金陵, literally meaning Gold Mountain) and the old name has been used since the Warring States Period in Zhou Dynasty.
Question: What is the legal capital of the Republic of China?
Answer: Nanjing
Question: What region is Nanjing in?
Answer: lower Yangtze River region
Question: When was the city given the name Nanjing?
Answer: Ming dynasty
Question: When did Nanjing become the Chinese national capital?
Answer: Jin dynasty
Question: What does Nanjing mean?
Answer: "Southern Capital" |
Context: Chopin seldom performed publicly in Paris. In later years he generally gave a single annual concert at the Salle Pleyel, a venue that seated three hundred. He played more frequently at salons, but preferred playing at his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends. The musicologist Arthur Hedley has observed that "As a pianist Chopin was unique in acquiring a reputation of the highest order on the basis of a minimum of public appearances—few more than thirty in the course of his lifetime." The list of musicians who took part in some of his concerts provides an indication of the richness of Parisian artistic life during this period. Examples include a concert on 23 March 1833, in which Chopin, Liszt and Hiller performed (on pianos) a concerto by J.S. Bach for three keyboards; and, on 3 March 1838, a concert in which Chopin, his pupil Adolphe Gutmann, Charles-Valentin Alkan, and Alkan's teacher Joseph Zimmermann performed Alkan's arrangement, for eight hands, of two movements from Beethoven's 7th symphony. Chopin was also involved in the composition of Liszt's Hexameron; he wrote the sixth (and final) variation on Bellini's theme. Chopin's music soon found success with publishers, and in 1833 he contracted with Maurice Schlesinger, who arranged for it to be published not only in France but, through his family connections, also in Germany and England.
Question: What was Frédéric's favorite environment to perform in?
Answer: his own Paris apartment for small groups of friends
Question: What instrument did Frédéric play in a performance on 23 March 1833?
Answer: pianos
Question: Chopin gave a yearly performance where?
Answer: Salle Pleyel
Question: Chopin worked with Liszt on what piece?
Answer: Hexameron
Question: In 1833 with whom with Chopin work to get his music published?
Answer: Maurice Schlesinger
Question: What is the name of Chopin's pupil who performed with him?
Answer: Adolphe Gutmann
Question: Where did Chopin prefer to play for people?
Answer: apartment
Question: On March 23, 1833, who headlined and performed with Chopin at a concert?
Answer: Liszt and Hiller
Question: Who did Chopin contract with for publishing his music?
Answer: Maurice Schlesinger |
Context: Beyoncé's music is generally R&B, but she also incorporates pop, soul and funk into her songs. 4 demonstrated Beyoncé's exploration of 90s-style R&B, as well as further use of soul and hip hop than compared to previous releases. While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day. To record these, Beyoncé was coached phonetically by American record producer Rudy Perez.
Question: Music from Beyonce is generally categorized as what genre?
Answer: R&B
Question: Besides R&B, which genres does Beyonce dabble in?
Answer: pop, soul and funk
Question: Beyonce mostly releases English songs, but what other language did she release songs?
Answer: Spanish
Question: Spanish songs Beyonce released were for what?
Answer: re-release of B'Day
Question: Beyonce was coached for her Spanish songs by which American?
Answer: Rudy Perez
Question: What kind of music does Beyonce do?
Answer: R&B
Question: What language does she mainly sing?
Answer: English
Question: What other language has she sung?
Answer: Spanish
Question: What album did she re-release in Spanish?
Answer: B'Day
Question: What style of music does Beyoncé usually perform?
Answer: R&B
Question: What language did Beyoncé release several songs in?
Answer: Spanish
Question: Who coached Beyoncé for her Spanish recordings?
Answer: Rudy Perez.
Question: What album did the Spanish songs come from?
Answer: B'Day. |
Context: By 1988, industry observers stated that the NES's popularity had grown so quickly that the market for Nintendo cartridges was larger than that for all home computer software. Compute! reported in 1989 that Nintendo had sold seven million NES systems in 1988, almost as many as the number of Commodore 64s sold in its first five years. "Computer game makers [are] scared stiff", the magazine said, stating that Nintendo's popularity caused most competitors to have poor sales during the previous Christmas and resulted in serious financial problems for some.
Question: What year did Nintendo's market surpass all computer software?
Answer: 1988
Question: Who reported that Nintendo sold 7 million NES systems?
Answer: Compute!
Question: When did Compute! report the number of systems sold at 7 million?
Answer: 1989
Question: The 7 million sold almost equated to which console's five year span?
Answer: Commodore 64s
Question: What year did Nintendo's market not surpass all computer software?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who reported that Nintendo sold 9 million NES systems?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Compute! report the number of systems sold at 9 million?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The 7 million sold almost equated to which console's six year span?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The rotating armature consists of one or more coils of wire wound around a laminated, magnetically "soft" ferromagnetic core. Current from the brushes flows through the commutator and one winding of the armature, making it a temporary magnet (an electromagnet). The magnetic field produced by the armature interacts with a stationary magnetic field produced by either PMs or another winding a field coil, as part of the motor frame. The force between the two magnetic fields tends to rotate the motor shaft. The commutator switches power to the coils as the rotor turns, keeping the magnetic poles of the rotor from ever fully aligning with the magnetic poles of the stator field, so that the rotor never stops (like a compass needle does), but rather keeps rotating as long as power is applied.
Question: Current flowing to create a temporary magent is called what?
Answer: electromagnet
Question: What rotates the motor shaft?
Answer: force between the two magnetic fields
Question: What element of the motor keeps the poles from alligning?
Answer: commutator
Question: What non-motor device demonstrates why a commutator is needed?
Answer: compass
Question: Current flowing to create a non-temporary magent is called what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What doesn't rotate the motor shaft?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What element of the motor makes the poles alligning?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What motor device demonstrates why a commutator is needed?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she was too young for the role, she and Spielberg began dating and she eventually moved in to what she described as his "bachelor funky" house.:294 They lived together for four years, but the stresses of their professional careers took a toll on their relationship. Irving wanted to be certain that whatever success she attained as an actress would be her own: "I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend," she said, and chose not to be in any of his films during those years.:295
Question: Who did Spielberg begin dating in 1976?
Answer: Amy Irving
Question: What was Amy Irving's career?
Answer: actress
Question: Who introduced Irving to Spielberg?
Answer: Brian De Palma
Question: How did Irving describe Spielberg's house?
Answer: "bachelor funky"
Question: Why did Irving not want to be in Spielberg's films while dating?
Answer: "I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend,"
Question: In what year did Brian de Palma direct his first film?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the first movie Julie Phillips ever co-produced?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Amy Irving move into Spielberg's home?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was one of the actresses in Close Encounters?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Amy Irving move out of Spielberg's home?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The slide rule was invented around 1620–1630, shortly after the publication of the concept of the logarithm. It is a hand-operated analog computer for doing multiplication and division. As slide rule development progressed, added scales provided reciprocals, squares and square roots, cubes and cube roots, as well as transcendental functions such as logarithms and exponentials, circular and hyperbolic trigonometry and other functions. Aviation is one of the few fields where slide rules are still in widespread use, particularly for solving time–distance problems in light aircraft. To save space and for ease of reading, these are typically circular devices rather than the classic linear slide rule shape. A popular example is the E6B.
Question: When was the slide rule first invented?
Answer: 1620–1630
Question: What is the slide rule used for?
Answer: doing multiplication and division.
Question: What industry are slide rules still used today?
Answer: Aviation |
Context: Short-term memory is supported by transient patterns of neuronal communication, dependent on regions of the frontal lobe (especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the parietal lobe. Long-term memory, on the other hand, is maintained by more stable and permanent changes in neural connections widely spread throughout the brain. The hippocampus is essential (for learning new information) to the consolidation of information from short-term to long-term memory, although it does not seem to store information itself. Without the hippocampus, new memories are unable to be stored into long-term memory, as learned from patient Henry Molaison after removal of both his hippocampi, and there will be a very short attention span. Furthermore, it may be involved in changing neural connections for a period of three months or more after the initial learning.
Question: Which part of the brain does short-term memory seem to rely on?
Answer: frontal lobe (especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the parietal lobe
Question: Which part of the brain does long-term memory rely on?
Answer: hippocampus
Question: How much information can the hippocampus store?
Answer: does not
Question: If the hippocampus doesn't store information what does it do?
Answer: may be involved in changing neural connections for a period of three months or more after the initial learning.
Question: What type of patterns is long-term memory supported by?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What two brain lobe regions does long-term memory depend on?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who had the removal of both of his lobes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was removed from Molaison to improve his attention span?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What part of the brain is not essential for learning new information?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: After Madonna signed a singles deal with Sire, her debut single, "Everybody", was released in October 1982, and the second, "Burning Up", in March 1983. Both became big club hits in the United States, reaching number three on Hot Dance Club Songs chart compiled by Billboard magazine. After this success, she started developing her debut album, Madonna, which was primarily produced by Reggie Lucas of Warner Bros. However, she was not happy with the completed tracks and disagreed with Lucas' production techniques, so decided to seek additional help.
Question: What was Madonna's debut single called?
Answer: Everybody
Question: When was "Everybody" released?
Answer: October 1982
Question: What was the name of the second single called?
Answer: Burning Up
Question: Who produced Madonna's debut album?
Answer: Reggie Lucas of Warner Bros
Question: Madonna's dance singles reached which number in the "Hot Dance Club Songs" by the Billboard Magazine?
Answer: three |
Context: After the American Revolutionary War broke out in 1776, the Connecticut colonial government ordered the construction of Black Rock Fort (to be built on top of an older 17th-century fort) to protect the port of New Haven. In 1779, during the Battle of New Haven, British soldiers captured Black Rock Fort and burned the barracks to the ground. The fort was reconstructed in 1807 by the federal government (on orders from the Thomas Jefferson administration), and rechristened Fort Nathan Hale, after the Revolutionary War hero who had lived in New Haven. The cannons of Fort Nathan Hale were successful in defying British war ships during the War of 1812. In 1863, during the Civil War, a second Fort Hale was built next to the original, complete with bomb-resistant bunkers and a moat, to defend the city should a Southern raid against New Haven be launched. The United States Congress deeded the site to the state in 1921, and all three versions of the fort have been restored. The site is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and receives thousands of visitors each year.
Question: What structure was ordered to be built in New Haven in 1776 to protect the port at the outset of the Revolutionary War?
Answer: Black Rock Fort
Question: In what year was Black Rock Fort captured by the British in New Haven and incinerated?
Answer: 1779
Question: After which revolutionary war hero and New Haven native was Black Rock Fort rechristened upon reconstruction in 1807?
Answer: Nathan Hale
Question: What two fortifications distinguished the second Fort Hale built in New Haven during the Civil War?
Answer: bomb-resistant bunkers and a moat
Question: In what year did the U.S. Congress afford Connecticut the deed to the site at Fort Hale in New Haven?
Answer: 1921
Question: Black Rock Fort was built in response to what event in the 18th century?
Answer: the American Revolutionary War
Question: The fort was destroy during the fighting only to be rebuilt in what year?
Answer: 1807
Question: Why exactly was the fort rename to Fort Nathan Hale?
Answer: Revolutionary War hero
Question: During the Civil War, New Haven needed to be further fortify incase of another invasion, what structure did the city built?
Answer: a second Fort Hale was built
Question: The federal government pass the ownership of the fort to the state of Connecticut, what year was this?
Answer: 1921 |
Context: On 3 December, Chopin complained about his bad health and the incompetence of the doctors in Majorca: "Three doctors have visited me ... The first said I was dead; the second said I was dying; and the third said I was about to die." He also had problems having his Pleyel piano sent to him. It finally arrived from Paris in December. Chopin wrote to Pleyel in January 1839: "I am sending you my Preludes [(Op. 28)]. I finished them on your little piano, which arrived in the best possible condition in spite of the sea, the bad weather and the Palma customs." Chopin was also able to undertake work on his Ballade No. 2, Op. 38; two Polonaises, Op. 40; and the Scherzo No. 3, Op. 39.
Question: How many doctors saw Frédéric by the 3rd of December?
Answer: Three
Question: What did Frédéric have trouble playing as a result of his growing illness?
Answer: piano
Question: What condition did Frédéric describe the piano that arrived to him through many dangerous obstacles?
Answer: best possible condition
Question: How many doctors visited Chopin?
Answer: 3
Question: What month did Chopin's piano arrive?
Answer: December
Question: What did Chopin compalin about?
Answer: his bad health
Question: What did Chopin have a hard time getting delivered to Majorca?
Answer: his Pleyel piano
Question: What month did Chopin's Pleyel piano arrive in Majorca?
Answer: December
Question: Who did Chopin send his Preludes to?
Answer: Pleyel |
Context: Some skyscraper buildings and other types of installation feature a destination operating panel where a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car. The system lets them know which car to wait for, instead of everyone boarding the next car. In this way, travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers, and the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank. Although travel time is reduced, passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart. During the down peak period the benefit of destination control will be limited as passengers have a common destination.
Question: What function does a "destination operating panel" feature?
Answer: a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car
Question: What is one benefit of a "destination operating panel"
Answer: travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers
Question: What is another benefit of a "destination operating panel"?
Answer: the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank
Question: What is the downside to a :destination operating panel"?
Answer: passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart |
Context: Most electrification systems use overhead wires, but third rail is an option up to about 1,200 V. Third rail systems exclusively use DC distribution. The use of AC is not feasible because the dimensions of a third rail are physically very large compared with the skin depth that the alternating current penetrates to (0.3 millimetres or 0.012 inches) in a steel rail). This effect makes the resistance per unit length unacceptably high compared with the use of DC. Third rail is more compact than overhead wires and can be used in smaller-diameter tunnels, an important factor for subway systems.
Question: What type is mostly used third rail or overhead wires?
Answer: overhead wires
Question: Is trird rail system being used exclusively with AC or DC ?
Answer: DC distribution
Question: What depth does the alternating current penetrate in a steel rail?
Answer: skin depth
Question: What is physically more compact tird rail or overhead wires?
Answer: Third rail
Question: What is more prefferable for subway lines?
Answer: Third rail
Question: All electrical systems use what kind of wires?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The third rail operates over what voltage?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Overhead wires are more compact than third rail and can be used for what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is considered an unimportant factor for subway systems?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Overhead wires are considered physically very what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical Persian architecture featuring domes and colossal arches. The oldest surviving Qutb Shahi structure in Hyderabad is the ruins of Golconda fort built in the 16th century. The Charminar, Mecca Masjid, Charkaman and Qutb Shahi tombs are other existing structures of this period. Among these the Charminar has become an icon of the city; located in the centre of old Hyderabad, it is a square structure with sides 20 m (66 ft) long and four grand arches each facing a road. At each corner stands a 56 m (184 ft)-high minaret. Most of the historical bazaars that still exist were constructed on the street north of Charminar towards Golconda fort. The Charminar, Qutb Shahi tombs and Golconda fort are considered to be monuments of national importance in India; in 2010 the Indian government proposed that the sites be listed for UNESCO World Heritage status.:11–18
Question: What influence did Qutb Shahi architecture borrow from?
Answer: classical Persian architecture
Question: What is the oldest piece of Qutb Shahi architecture in Hyderabad?
Answer: the ruins of Golconda fort
Question: What iconic historic structure is in the center of old Hyderabad?
Answer: the Charminar
Question: The government of India proposed that The Charminar become a UNESCO World Heritage site, what other two monuments were suggested for the same status?
Answer: Qutb Shahi tombs and Golconda fort
Question: How high are the minarets on the Charminar?
Answer: 56 m (184 ft) |
Context: In Japan, 14 August is considered to be the day that the Pacific War ended. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as "V-J Day" (Victory in Japan). The formal Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed on 2 September 1945, on the battleship USS Missouri, in Tokyo Bay. The surrender was accepted by General Douglas MacArthur as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, with representatives of several Allied nations, from a Japanese delegation led by Mamoru Shigemitsu and Yoshijiro Umezu.
Question: What date does Japan consider the end of the Pacific War?
Answer: 14 August
Question: What day is know in the United States as "V-J Day"?
Answer: 15 August
Question: When did Japan formally have signed the surrender?
Answer: 2 September 1945
Question: On what battleship was the surrender document signed by the Japanese delagation?
Answer: USS Missouri
Question: Who accepted the Japanese surrender?
Answer: General Douglas MacArthur |
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