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Context: The Council does not have executive powers but meets biannually to discuss issues of mutual importance. Similarly, the Parliamentary Assembly has no legislative powers but investigates and collects witness evidence from the public on matters of mutual concern to its members. Reports on its findings are presented to the Governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom. During the February 2008 meeting of the British–Irish Council, it was agreed to set up a standing secretariat that would serve as a permanent 'civil service' for the Council. Leading on from developments in the British–Irish Council, the chair of the British–Irish Inter-Parliamentary Assembly, Niall Blaney, has suggested that the body should shadow the British–Irish Council's work. Question: How often does the British-Irish Council meet? Answer: biannually Question: What does the British-Irish Council discuss? Answer: issues of mutual importance Question: Does the Parliamentary Assembly had any kinds of legislative authority? Answer: no Question: What does the British-Irish Council do? Answer: investigates and collects witness evidence Question: Who recommended that the British-Irish Inter-Parliamentary Assembly should look very closely at the work that the British-Irish Council does? Answer: Niall Blaney Question: The council has executive powers and meets how often? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How often does the Council meet to discuss civil service issues? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Parliamentary Assembly also has legislative powers and collects what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Reports on the Parliamentary Assembly's findings are presented to the governments of Spain, Ireland and what other country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During the March meeting of what year, was it agreed to set up a permanent civil service for the council? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The most important archaeological discoveries in Sumer are a large number of tablets written in cuneiform. Sumerian writing, while proven to be not the oldest example of writing on earth, is considered to be a great milestone in the development of man's ability to not only create historical records but also in creating pieces of literature both in the form of poetic epics and stories as well as prayers and laws. Although pictures — that is, hieroglyphs — were first used, cuneiform and then Ideograms (where symbols were made to represent ideas) soon followed. Triangular or wedge-shaped reeds were used to write on moist clay. A large body of hundreds of thousands of texts in the Sumerian language have survived, such as personal or business letters, receipts, lexical lists, laws, hymns, prayers, stories, daily records, and even libraries full of clay tablets. Monumental inscriptions and texts on different objects like statues or bricks are also very common. Many texts survive in multiple copies because they were repeatedly transcribed by scribes-in-training. Sumerian continued to be the language of religion and law in Mesopotamia long after Semitic speakers had become dominant. Question: What were the most important discoveries for archaeologists from Sumer? Answer: tablets written in cuneiform Question: What is Sumerian writing considered to be in the development of man's ability to create literature? Answer: milestone Question: What followed cuneiform in writing? Answer: Ideograms Question: How many texts in the Sumerian language have survived to modern day? Answer: hundreds of thousands Question: What was the Sumerian language used for long have their civilization had diminished? Answer: religion and law in Mesopotamia Question: What are the oldest examples of writing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of picture writing followed cuneiform? Answer: Unanswerable Question: were wedge shaped stones used to write on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of ideogram writings have survived? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were the only people who could write at the time? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination. African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of their population. According to Alamin M. Mazrui et al., generally in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, most of those of visible African descent are still classified and identify as Arab, not black. Question: Who is seeking minority status from the government? Answer: African-Iraquis Question: Where would they be represented if minority status is granted? Answer: Parliament Question: How are Africans classified in the Arabian Peninsula? Answer: as Arab Question: What types of communities have been reported in Iraq? Answer: Distinctive and self-identified black communities Question: Who gave information on how blacks were classified in the Arabian Peninsula? Answer: Alamin M. Mazrui et al.
Context: Community Training Centres (CTCs) have been established within the primary schools on each atoll. The CTCs provide vocational training to students who do not progress beyond Class 8 because they failed the entry qualifications for secondary education. The CTCs offer training in basic carpentry, gardening and farming, sewing and cooking. At the end of their studies the graduates can apply to continue studies either at Motufoua Secondary School or the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute (TMTI). Adults can also attend courses at the CTCs. Question: What type of school has Tuvalu set up on each atoll? Answer: Community Training Centres Question: What from of education do Community Training Centres provide? Answer: vocational training Question: For what have CTC students failed to qualify ? Answer: secondary education Question: Besides children, who can Take CTC classes? Answer: Adults Question: What kind of training classes are offered at CTC? Answer: basic
Context: In polygynous species with considerable sexual dimorphism, males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites than their females. This is termed protandry. Question: What is it called when males return earlier to the breeding sites than females? Answer: protandry Question: What happens in polygynous species with sexual dimophism? Answer: males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites Question: Why do males in polygynous species return before the females? Answer: sexual dimorphism
Context: By the 20th century, Philadelphia had become known as "corrupt and contented", with a complacent population and an entrenched Republican political machine. The first major reform came in 1917 when outrage over the election-year murder of a police officer led to the shrinking of the Philadelphia City Council from two houses to just one. In July 1919, Philadelphia was one of more than 36 industrial cities nationally to suffer a race riot of ethnic whites against blacks during Red Summer, in post-World War I unrest, as recent immigrants competed with blacks for jobs. In the 1920s, the public flouting of Prohibition laws, mob violence, and police involvement in illegal activities led to the appointment of Brigadier General Smedley Butler of the U.S. Marine Corps as director of public safety, but political pressure prevented any long-term success in fighting crime and corruption. Question: Which political party controlled Philadelphia in the early 20th century? Answer: Republican Question: What phrase could describe Philadelphia of the early 20th century? Answer: corrupt and contented Question: When did the first major political reform occur? Answer: 1917
Context: Large numbers of Bolivian highland peasants retained indigenous language, culture, customs, and communal organization throughout the Spanish conquest and the post-independence period. They mobilized to resist various attempts at the dissolution of communal landholdings and used legal recognition of "empowered caciques" to further communal organization. Indigenous revolts took place frequently until 1953. While the National Revolutionary Movement government begun in 1952 discouraged self-identification as indigenous (reclassifying rural people as campesinos, or peasants), renewed ethnic and class militancy re-emerged in the Katarista movement beginning in the 1970s. Lowland indigenous peoples, mostly in the east, entered national politics through the 1990 March for Territory and Dignity organized by the CIDOB confederation. That march successfully pressured the national government to sign the ILO Convention 169 and to begin the still-ongoing process of recognizing and titling indigenous territories. The 1994 Law of Popular Participation granted "grassroots territorial organizations" that are recognized by the state certain rights to govern local areas. Question: Who retained indigenous language and culture after the Spanish conquest? Answer: Bolivian highland peasants Question: What did the highland peasants resist attempts at? Answer: dissolution of communal landholdings Question: What took place frequently until 1953? Answer: Indigenous revolts Question: What re-emerged during the Katarista movement in the 1970s? Answer: ethnic and class militancy Question: What march successfully pressured the national government to sign the ILO Convetion 169? Answer: March for Territory and Dignity
Context: A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600 years ago when it was understood it was impossible to move or complete it. Question: How far from Nanjing is the Yangshan Quarry? Answer: 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city Question: What large item is abandoned at the Quarry? Answer: a gigantic stele Question: How long ago was the stele abandoned? Answer: 600 years ago Question: Why was the stele abandoned? Answer: it was impossible to move or complete it Question: Who ordered the creation of the stele? Answer: the Yongle Emperor
Context: Most common are historical works where the protagonist is either a samurai or former samurai (or another rank or position) who possesses considerable martial skill. Eiji Yoshikawa is one of the most famous Japanese historical novelists. His retellings of popular works, including Taiko, Musashi and Heike Tale, are popular among readers for their epic narratives and rich realism in depicting samurai and warrior culture.[citation needed] The samurai have also appeared frequently in Japanese comics (manga) and animation (anime). Samurai-like characters are not just restricted to historical settings and a number of works set in the modern age, and even the future, include characters who live, train and fight like samurai. Examples are Samurai Champloo, Requiem from the Darkness, Muramasa: The Demon Blade, and Afro Samurai. Some of these works have made their way to the west, where it has been increasing in popularity with America. Question: Who is Eiji Yoshikawa? Answer: one of the most famous Japanese historical novelists Question: Why are Eiji Yoshikawa's books popular? Answer: for their epic narratives and rich realism in depicting samurai and warrior culture Question: What are Japanese comic books called? Answer: manga Question: What are Japanese animation called? Answer: anime
Context: There was a linguistic predisposition to use such terms. The Romans had used them in near Gaul / far Gaul, near Spain / far Spain and others. Before them the Greeks had the habit, which appears in Linear B, the oldest known script of Europe, referring to the near province and the far province of the kingdom of Pylos. Usually these terms were given with reference to a geographic feature, such as a mountain range or a river. Question: Who used the terms near Gaul? Answer: The Romans Question: The appearance of what culture using the terms appears in Linear B? Answer: the Greeks Question: Usually the terms were given when referencing what? Answer: a geographic feature
Context: However, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 the Church of Scotland was finally unequivocally recognised as a Presbyterian institution by the monarch due to Scottish Presbyterian support for the aforementioned revolution and the Acts of Union 1707 between Scotland and England guaranteed the Church of Scotland's form of government. However, legislation by the United Kingdom parliament allowing patronage led to splits in the Church. In 1733, a group of ministers seceded from the Church of Scotland to form the Associate Presbytery, another group seceded in 1761 to form the Relief Church and the Disruption of 1843 led to the formation of the Free Church of Scotland. Further splits took place, especially over theological issues, but most Presbyterians in Scotland were reunited by 1929 union of the established Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland. Question: In what year was the Church of Scotland recognized as a Presbyterian institution by the moncarh? Answer: 1688 Question: Which group was formed when ministries seceded from The Church of Scotland in 1733? Answer: Associate Presbytery Question: What year were most Presbyterians in Scotland reunited? Answer: 1929 Question: Which two groups were involved in the reuniting of Scotland's Presbyterian churches? Answer: Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland Question: Which revolution took place during 1707? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During which year was the England Revolution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Acts was signed in 1733? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Acts of Church was signed in which year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which group formed in 1707 after ministers seceded from the Church of Scotland? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Jonathan Israel rejects the attempts of postmodern and Marxian historians to understand the revolutionary ideas of the period purely as by-products of social and economic transformations. He instead focuses on the history of ideas in the period from 1650 to the end of the 18th century, and claims that it was the ideas themselves that caused the change that eventually led to the revolutions of the latter half of the 18th century and the early 19th century. Israel argues that until the 1650s Western civilization "was based on a largely shared core of faith, tradition and authority". Question: What do Jonathon Israel claim caused the change that eventually led to the revolutions of the latter half of the 18th centure and early 19th century? Answer: the ideas themselves Question: What does Israel argue Western civilization was based on until the 1650s? Answer: largely shared core of faith, tradition and authority Question: Jonathon Israel rejects the notion that the revolutionary ideas were by products of what transformations? Answer: social and economic Question: What time period does Johnathon Israel focus on? Answer: 1650 to the end of the 18th century
Context: Greece is a unitary parliamentary republic. The nominal head of state is the President of the Republic, who is elected by the Parliament for a five-year term. The current Constitution was drawn up and adopted by the Fifth Revisionary Parliament of the Hellenes and entered into force in 1975 after the fall of the military junta of 1967–1974. It has been revised three times since, in 1986, 2001 and 2008. The Constitution, which consists of 120 articles, provides for a separation of powers into executive, legislative, and judicial branches, and grants extensive specific guarantees (further reinforced in 2001) of civil liberties and social rights. Women's suffrage was guaranteed with an amendment to the 1952 Constitution. Question: What type of republic is Greece? Answer: unitary parliamentary Question: What is the title of the leader of Greece? Answer: President of the Republic Question: Who elects the president of Greece? Answer: the Parliament Question: How long does the President of Greece serve? Answer: five-year term Question: Greece's constitution has how many articles? Answer: 120
Context: After World War II, the Guam Organic Act of 1950 established Guam as an unincorporated organized territory of the United States, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The Governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968, when the Guam Elective Governor Act provided for the office's popular election.:242 Since Guam is not a U.S. state, U.S. citizens residing on Guam are not allowed to vote for president and their congressional representative is a non-voting member. Question: What established Guam as an unincorporated territory? Answer: Guam Organic Act of 1950 Question: What conflict did the Organic Act come after? Answer: After World War II Question: What did the Guam Act allow the population now that they were a U.S territory? Answer: granted the people U.S. citizenship Question: In what year did World War II end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are U.S. citizens in Guam allowed to vote for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who controlled Guam before World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose congressional representative is a voting member? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live. Question: What happened to the Curonians who lived in the area in East Prussia? Answer: expelled by the Soviet Union Question: What did the Russians consider Curonians? Answer: fascists Question: Where did most of the Curonians flee to in 1958? Answer: West Germany Question: In what year did the evacuation of East Prussia occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Curonians immigrated to West Germany in 1958? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Curonians had German names? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Curonians fled from the Red Army? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Curonians were left behind after many immigrated to West Germany in 1958? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Track lighting, invented by Lightolier, was popular at one period of time because it was much easier to install than recessed lighting, and individual fixtures are decorative and can be easily aimed at a wall. It has regained some popularity recently in low-voltage tracks, which often look nothing like their predecessors because they do not have the safety issues that line-voltage systems have, and are therefore less bulky and more ornamental in themselves. A master transformer feeds all of the fixtures on the track or rod with 12 or 24 volts, instead of each light fixture having its own line-to-low voltage transformer. There are traditional spots and floods, as well as other small hanging fixtures. A modified version of this is cable lighting, where lights are hung from or clipped to bare metal cables under tension. Question: Who invented track lighting? Answer: Lightolier Question: What feeds all the fixtures in low voltage tracks instead of each light having a line-to-low voltage transformer. Answer: master transformer Question: What type of lighting uses lights that are hung or clipped to bare metal cables? Answer: cable lighting Question: How many volts does a track lighting system usually use? Answer: 12 or 24 volts
Context: The modern domesticated turkey is descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) found in the present Mexican states of Jalisco, Guerrero and Veracruz. Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC, and Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the United States did likewise around 200 BC. They used the feathers for robes, blankets, and ceremonial purposes. More than 1,000 years later, they became an important food source. The first Europeans to encounter the bird misidentified it as a guineafowl, a bird known as a "turkey fowl" at that time because it had been introduced into Europe via Turkey. Question: How many species is the recent day turkey suspected to have embarked from? Answer: descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey Question: When were turkeys first used in a domestication setting? Answer: Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC Question: What other purposes have the domesticated turkey been used for aside from food? Answer: feathers for robes, blankets, and ceremonial purposes Question: When and with what culture did domesticated turkey start to appear in the United States ? Answer: Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the United States did likewise around 200 BC. Question: How many species is the recent day Bigfoot suspected to have embarked from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were turkeys first used in a hostile setting? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other purposes have the endangered turkeys been used for aside from food? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When and with what culture did domesticated turkey start to appear in the ocean? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The oak forests generally lack the diverse small tree, shrub and herb layers of mesic forests. Shrubs are generally ericaceous, and include the evergreen mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), various species of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata), a number of deciduous rhododendrons (azaleas), and smaller heaths such as teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens) and trailing arbutus (Epigaea repens ). The evergreen great rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) is characteristic of moist stream valleys. These occurrences are in line with the prevailing acidic character of most oak forest soils. In contrast, the much rarer chinquapin oak (Quercus muehlenbergii) demands alkaline soils and generally grows where limestone rock is near the surface. Hence no ericaceous shrubs are associated with it. Question: What type of layers do oak forests have plenty of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of soils do most mesic forests have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of rock do rhododendrons grow near? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is rarely found near moist areas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the shrub associated with the chinquapin oak? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Approximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the plague and famine of 1709–1711, including the last speakers of Old Prussian. The plague, probably brought by foreign troops during the Great Northern War, killed 250,000 East Prussians, especially in the province's eastern regions. Crown Prince Frederick William I led the rebuilding of East Prussia, founding numerous towns. Thousands of Protestants expelled from the Archbishopric of Salzburg were allowed to settle in depleted East Prussia. The province was overrun by Imperial Russian troops during the Seven Years' War. Question: What wiped out one third of East Prussia's population during the early 1700's? Answer: the plague and famine Question: What was lost in Prussia's history during the Plague? Answer: speakers of Old Prussian Question: What military overran much of East Prussia? Answer: Russian troops
Context: The Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education (private), and the Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond (BTSR—private). Several community colleges are found in the metro area, including J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College and John Tyler Community College (Chesterfield County). In addition, there are several Technical Colleges in Richmond including ITT Technical Institute, ECPI College of Technology and Centura College. There are several vocational colleges also, such as Fortis College and Bryant Stratton College. Question: What type of university is the University of Richmond? Answer: private Question: What is a for-profit university in Richmond? Answer: South University - Richmond Question: What does BTSR stand for? Answer: Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond Question: Where is John Tyler Community College located? Answer: Chesterfield County Question: What is Richmond's public university? Answer: Virginia Commonwealth
Context: In ancient Greece, the epics of Homer, who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, and Hesiod, who wrote Works and Days and Theogony, are some of the earliest, and most influential, of Ancient Greek literature. Classical Greek genres included philosophy, poetry, historiography, comedies and dramas. Plato and Aristotle authored philosophical texts that are the foundation of Western philosophy, Sappho and Pindar were influential lyric poets, and Herodotus and Thucydides were early Greek historians. Although drama was popular in Ancient Greece, of the hundreds of tragedies written and performed during the classical age, only a limited number of plays by three authors still exist: Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. The plays of Aristophanes provide the only real examples of a genre of comic drama known as Old Comedy, the earliest form of Greek Comedy, and are in fact used to define the genre. Question: What two epic narratives were written by Homer? Answer: the Iliad and the Odyssey Question: Who wrote Works and Days and Theogony? Answer: Hesiod Question: Plato and Aristotle wrote what type of literature? Answer: philosophical texts Question: Who were two important Classic Greek lyric poets? Answer: Sappho and Pindar Question: The two great ancient Greek historians were? Answer: Herodotus and Thucydides Question: In ancient Rome, Homer wrote what two epics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Modern Greek genres include philosophy, poetry, and what other three genres? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Plato and Socrates authored what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The three Roman authors whose plays still exist are who? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which playwright provided the only real examples of the genre of New Comedy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two epics did Homer write in ancient Rome? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote Works end Days and Theology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What types of texts did Plato and Socrates author? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were two early Roman historians? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose plays give examples of New Comedy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote both the Iliad and Theogony? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of texts did Plato and Sappho author that were so important to the West? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Westerners were influential lyric poets? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What still exists written by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Plato? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city has an average elevation of 43 metres (141 ft). Its highest elevations are two hills: the Cerro de Montevideo and the Cerro de la Victoria, with the highest point, the peak of Cerro de Montevideo, crowned by a fortress, the Fortaleza del Cerro at a height of 134 metres (440 ft). Closest cities by road are Las Piedras to the north and the so-called Ciudad de la Costa (a conglomeration of coastal towns) to the east, both in the range of 20 to 25 kilometres (16 mi) from the city center. The approximate distances to the neighbouring department capitals by road are, 90 kilometres (56 mi) to San Jose de Mayo (San Jose Department) and 46 kilometres (29 mi) to Canelones (Canelones Department). Question: The city of Montevideo has an average elevation of what? Answer: 43 metres Question: How far is to the neighboring capitol of San Jose de Mayo? Answer: 90 kilometres Question: How far is to the neighboring capitol of Canelones? Answer: 46 kilometres
Context: Disagreements following the war have resulted in stalemate punctuated by periods of elevated tension and renewed threats of war. The stalemate led the President of Eritrea to urge the UN to take action on Ethiopia with the Eleven Letters penned by the President to the United Nations Security Council. The situation has been further escalated by the continued efforts of the Eritrean and Ethiopian leaders in supporting opposition in one another's countries.[citation needed] In 2011, Ethiopia accused Eritrea of planting bombs at an African Union summit in Addis Ababa, which was later supported by a UN report. Eritrea denied the claims. Question: What did disagreements following the Eritrean War result in? Answer: stalemate Question: What did the stalemate lead the President of Eritrea to urge the UN to do? Answer: take action on Ethiopia Question: Who accused Eritrea of planting bombs at an African Union summit? Answer: Ethiopia Question: What supported the accusation that Eritrea planted bombs at the African Union summit? Answer: a UN report Question: What did Eritrea do when it was accused of planting bombs at the African Union summit? Answer: denied the claims Question: In what year did the war technically end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Eleven Letters sent to United Nations Security Council? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the capital of Eritrea? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what city is the UN based? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the African Union summit held in 2010? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The era of mass persecution and execution of heretics under the banner of Christianity came to an end in 1826 with the last execution of a "heretic", Cayetano Ripoll, by the Catholic Inquisition. Question: What year did the deaths of heretics under Christianity come to an end? Answer: 1826 Question: Who was the last heretic put to death under the Catholic Inquisition? Answer: Cayetano Ripoll Question: What ended in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the last Catholic executed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Research has generally shown striking uniformity across different cultures in the motives behind teen alcohol use. Social engagement and personal enjoyment appear to play a fairly universal role in adolescents' decision to drink throughout separate cultural contexts. Surveys conducted in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canada have each indicated the most common reason for drinking among adolescents to relate to pleasure and recreation; 80% of Argentinian teens reported drinking for enjoyment, while only 7% drank to improve a bad mood. The most prevalent answers among Canadian adolescents were to "get in a party mood," 18%; "because I enjoy it," 16%; and "to get drunk," 10%. In Hong Kong, female participants most frequently reported drinking for social enjoyment, while males most frequently reported drinking to feel the effects of alcohol. Question: Are motives behind teen alcohol use varied or uniform across different cultures? Answer: uniform Question: What two reasons for adolescent drinking are shared across cultural contexts? Answer: Social engagement and personal enjoyment Question: What is the most common reason for drinking among adolescents according to surveys in Argentina, Hong Kong, and Canada? Answer: pleasure and recreation Question: What percentage of Argentenian teens reported drinking to improve a bad mood? Answer: 7% Question: In Hong Kong, did males or females most frequently report drinking to feel the effects of the alcohol? Answer: males
Context: In 1978, Queen toured the US and Canada, and spent much of 1979 touring in Europe and Japan. They released their first live album, Live Killers, in 1979; it went platinum twice in the US. Queen also released the very successful single "Crazy Little Thing Called Love", a rockabilly inspired song done in the style of Elvis Presley. The song made the top 10 in many countries, topped the Australian ARIA Charts for seven consecutive weeks, and was the band's first number one single in the United States where it topped the Billboard Hot 100 for four weeks. Having written the song on guitar and played rhythm on the record, Mercury played rhythm guitar while performing the song live, which was the first time he ever played guitar in concert. In December 1979, Queen played the opening night at the Concert for the People of Kampuchea in London, having accepted a request by the event's organiser Paul McCartney. Question: Who organized the Concert for the People of Kampuchea? Answer: Paul McCartney Question: In what year was Queen's Live Killers released? Answer: 1979 Question: How many times platinum did Queen's Live Killers go in the US? Answer: twice Question: Queen's Crazy Little Thing Called Love was an ode to which singer? Answer: Elvis Presley Question: In what year did Queen play the Concert for the People of Kampuchea? Answer: 1979
Context: Greek culture has evolved over thousands of years, with its beginning in the Mycenaean civilization, continuing through the Classical period, the Roman and Eastern Roman periods and was profoundly affected by Christianity, which it in turn influenced and shaped. Ottoman Greeks had to endure through several centuries of adversity that culminated in genocide in the 20th century but nevertheless included cultural exchanges and enriched both cultures. The Diafotismos is credited with revitalizing Greek culture and giving birth to the synthesis of ancient and medieval elements that characterize it today. Question: What is considered the start of the Grecian cultural world ? Answer: beginning in the Mycenaean civilization Question: Which devotion of time was heavily influenced by the religious followers of the Son of God ? Answer: the Roman and Eastern Roman periods and was profoundly affected by Christianity Question: In what centennial was the massacre of the Greeks of Ottoman descent ? Answer: genocide in the 20th century Question: Was there anything good that could be found from the divergence into exchange ? Answer: included cultural exchanges and enriched both cultures. Question: Who was given the merit for the reemergence of the Greek way of life ? Answer: Diafotismos is credited with revitalizing Greek culture Question: What is considered the end of the Grecian cultural world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which devotion of time wa didn't heavily influence by the religious followers of the Son of God? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what centennial was the massacre of the French of Ottoman descent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Was there anything good that could not be found from the divergence into exchange? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was given the merit for the reemergence of the french way of life ? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Atlas, rather than innovate, took a proven route of following popular trends in television and movies—Westerns and war dramas prevailing for a time, drive-in movie monsters another time—and even other comic books, particularly the EC horror line. Atlas also published a plethora of children's and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlo's Homer the Happy Ghost (à la Casper the Friendly Ghost) and Homer Hooper (à la Archie Andrews). Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch (art by Syd Shores and Dick Ayers, variously), the Sub-Mariner (drawn and most stories written by Bill Everett), and Captain America (writer Stan Lee, artist John Romita Sr.). Atlas did not achieve any breakout hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply, and at a passable quality. Question: Which writer and artist was behind the Sub-Mariner? Answer: Bill Everett Question: What was Marvel's major offshoot with Westerns, war stories, and monster comics called? Answer: Atlas Question: What was Dan DeCarlo's spooky but humorous comic aimed at kids called? Answer: Homer the Happy Ghost Question: DeCarlo also penned a knock-off of what teen comic superstar? Answer: Archie Andrews Question: What was the name of DeCarlo's main character in his humorous teen series? Answer: Homer Hooper Question: When did Atlas launch? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ran Atlas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Archie Andrews comics run? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company successfully revived several superheroes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was another name for the Human Torch? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 118 BC, King Micipsa of Numidia (current-day Algeria and Tunisia) died. He was succeeded by two legitimate sons, Adherbal and Hiempsal, and an illegitimate son, Jugurtha. Micipsa divided his kingdom between these three sons. Jugurtha, however, turned on his brothers, killing Hiempsal and driving Adherbal out of Numidia. Adherbal fled to Rome for assistance, and initially Rome mediated a division of the country between the two brothers. Eventually, Jugurtha renewed his offensive, leading to a long and inconclusive war with Rome. He also bribed several Roman commanders, and at least two tribunes, before and during the war. His nemesis, Gaius Marius, a legate from a virtually unknown provincial family, returned from the war in Numidia and was elected consul in 107 BC over the objections of the aristocratic senators. Marius invaded Numidia and brought the war to a quick end, capturing Jugurtha in the process. The apparent incompetence of the Senate, and the brilliance of Marius, had been put on full display. The populares party took full advantage of this opportunity by allying itself with Marius. Question: Who was the illegitimate offspring of the King Micipsa of Numidia? Answer: Jugurtha Question: Who was Jugurtha's rival? Answer: Gaius Marius Question: When was Gaius Marius elected to the position of consul? Answer: 107 BC Question: Who did not agree with the election of Gaius Marius? Answer: aristocratic senators Question: Which individual did the populares part have an allegiance with? Answer: Marius
Context: In 1976 Montini became the first pontiff in modern history to deny the accusation of homosexuality. Published by his order in January 1976 was a homily Persona Humana: Declaration on Certain Questions concerning Sexual Ethics, which outlawed pre or extra-marital sex, condemned homosexuality, and forbade masturbation. It provoked French author and former diplomat Roger Peyrefitte, in an interview published by the magazine Tempo, to accuse Montini of hypocrisy, and of having a longtime lover who was a movie actor. According to rumors prevalent both inside the Curia and in Italian society, this was Paolo Carlini, who had a bit part as a hairdresser in the Audrey Hepburn film Roman Holiday. Peyrefitte had previously published the accusation in two books, but the interview (previously published in a French gay magazine) brought the rumors to a wider public and caused an uproar. In a brief address to a crowd of approximately 20,000 in St. Peters Square on April 18, Montini called the charges "horrible and slanderous insinuations" and appealed for prayers on his behalf. Special prayers for Montini were said in all Italian Roman Catholic churches in "a day of consolation". In 1984 a New York Times correspondent repeated the allegations. Question: In what year was pre and extra marital sex outlawed by the Catholic church? Answer: 1976 Question: Who was accused of being a homosexual in 1976? Answer: Montini Question: Who brought allegations of Montini's homosexuality? Answer: Roger Peyrefitte Question: Who was Montini's alleged lover? Answer: Paolo Carlini Question: On what date did Montini publicly address charges of homosexuality? Answer: April 18
Context: Oklahoma is the 20th largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water. It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas. Question: Where does Oklahoma rank by land area? Answer: 20th Question: How many square miles is Oklahoma? Answer: 69,898 Question: How many square miles of water is in Oklahoma? Answer: 1,281 Question: How many states are on the Frontier Strip? Answer: six Question: Which state is north of Oklahoma? Answer: Kansas
Context: Starting in the 1890s and stretching in some places to the early 1910s, gold rushes in Alaska and the nearby Yukon Territory brought thousands of miners and settlers to Alaska. Alaska was officially incorporated as an organized territory in 1912. Alaska's capital, which had been in Sitka until 1906, was moved north to Juneau. Construction of the Alaska Governor's Mansion began that same year. European immigrants from Norway and Sweden also settled in southeast Alaska, where they entered the fishing and logging industries. Question: What event brought thousands of people to Alaska in the 1890s to early 1910s? Answer: gold rushes Question: What year was Alaska officially incorporated as a territory? Answer: 1912 Question: In what year was Alaska's capital officially changed to Juneau? Answer: 1906 Question: Which industries did European settlers in Alaska begin? Answer: fishing and logging Question: From what countries were European settlers in Alaska? Answer: Norway and Sweden Question: What event brought thousands of people to Alaska in the 1890s to early 1920s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was Alaska unofficially incorporated as a territory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Alaska's capital unofficially changed to Juneau? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which industries did European settlers in Alaska end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From what countries were South American settlers in Alaska? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the apartheid era, those classed as "Coloured" were oppressed and discriminated against. But, they had limited rights and overall had slightly better socioeconomic conditions than those classed as "Black". The government required that Blacks and Coloureds live in areas separate from Whites, creating large townships located away from the cities as areas for Blacks. Question: Who was oppressed and discriminated against? Answer: those classed as "Coloured" Question: What era did this discrimination take place? Answer: During the apartheid era Question: Who were "Coloured" people above in the class system? Answer: those classed as "Black" Question: Where were the "black" areas? Answer: large townships located away from the cities
Context: Pippy Park is an urban park located in the east end of the city; with over 3,400 acres (14 km2) of land, it is one of Canada's largest urban parks. The park contains a range of recreational facilities including two golf courses, Newfoundland and Labrador's largest serviced campground, walking and skiing trails as well as protected habitat for many plants and animals. Pippy Park is also home to the Fluvarium, an environmental education centre which offers a cross section view of Nagle's Hill Brook. Question: Where is Pippy Park located in the city? Answer: east end Question: About how many acres is Pippy Park? Answer: 3,400 Question: How many golf courses does Pippy Park have? Answer: two Question: What other trail besides walking trails does Pippy Park have? Answer: skiing Question: Where is the Fluvarium located? Answer: Pippy Park Question: What park is located in on the west side of the park? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Canada's largest park? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2000, out of 45,693 households, 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.8% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.5% were nonfamilies. 35.5% of households were made up of individuals and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.90. The age distribution was 16.8% under 18, 26.8% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 17.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% were 65 or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 97.7 males; while for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males. Question: What is the average household size in the city of Ann Arbor? Answer: 2.22 Question: What is the average family size in the city of Ann Arbor? Answer: 2.90 Question: What is the median age for the city of Ann Arbor? Answer: 28 Question: In what year was the average family size was 2.22? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What age group did 9.7% of the population fall into? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What age group did 13.7% of the population fall into? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the median age 82 years old? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was 87.3% of the population married couples? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Quran describes Muhammad as "ummi", which is traditionally interpreted as "illiterate," but the meaning is rather more complex. Medieval commentators such as Al-Tabari maintained that the term induced two meanings: first, the inability to read or write in general; second, the inexperience or ignorance of the previous books or scriptures (but they gave priority to the first meaning). Muhammad's illiteracy was taken as a sign of the genuineness of his prophethood. For example, according to Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, if Muhammad had mastered writing and reading he possibly would have been suspected of having studied the books of the ancestors. Some scholars such as Watt prefer the second meaning of "ummi" - they take it to indicate unfamiliarity with earlier sacred texts. Question: What is the most common interpretation of the word "ummi" that the Quran applies to Muhammad? Answer: illiterate Question: Because Mohammed was "ummi," what would he not have known about that lent credence to his prophethood? Answer: earlier sacred texts Question: What term does the Quran use to describe Mohammad's lack of exposure to scripture? Answer: ummi Question: What skills would have made others more suspicious that Mohammad was not getting his revelations in the way he said? Answer: writing and reading Question: What is the most uncommon interpretation of the word "ummi" that the Quran applies to Muhammad? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most common misinterpretation of the word "ummi" that the Quran applies to Muhammad? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Because Mohammed was "ummi," what would he have known about that lent credence to his prophethood? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term doesn't the Quran use to describe Mohammad's lack of exposure to scripture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What skills would have made others more suspicious that Mohammad was getting his revelations in the way he said? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Reporters Without Borders organised several symbolic protests, including scaling the Eiffel Tower to hang a protest banner from it, and hanging an identical banner from the Notre Dame cathedral. Question: Which organization planned several protests? Answer: Reporters Without Borders Question: What did Reporters Without Borders scale in order to put a protest banner on it? Answer: the Eiffel Tower Question: Which cathedral did Reporters Without Borders hang another protest banner? Answer: Notre Dame cathedral Question: What was hung from the Eiffel Tower? Answer: banner Question: Who climbed the Eiffel Tower to hang a protest banner? Answer: Reporters Without Borders Question: Where else was a copy of the banner at Eiffel Tower hung? Answer: Notre Dame cathedral.
Context: There are strict limits to how efficiently heat can be converted into work in a cyclic process, e.g. in a heat engine, as described by Carnot's theorem and the second law of thermodynamics. However, some energy transformations can be quite efficient. The direction of transformations in energy (what kind of energy is transformed to what other kind) is often determined by entropy (equal energy spread among all available degrees of freedom) considerations. In practice all energy transformations are permitted on a small scale, but certain larger transformations are not permitted because it is statistically unlikely that energy or matter will randomly move into more concentrated forms or smaller spaces. Question: What states that there are strict limits to how efficiently heat can be converted into a work in a cyclic process? Answer: Carnot's theorem Question: What is the direction of transformations in energy? Answer: what kind of energy is transformed to what other kind Question: What is often determined by entropy considerations? Answer: direction of transformations in energy Question: Why are certain larger transformations not permitted? Answer: because it is statistically unlikely that energy or matter will randomly move into more concentrated forms or smaller spaces Question: What states that there are no limits to how efficiently heat can be converted into a work in a cyclic process? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the direction of translations in energy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is never determined by entropy considerations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are certain larger transformations permitted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: what is non-equal energy spread among all available degrees of freedom Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Despite his success as a producer, West's true aspiration was to be a rapper. Though he had developed his rapping long before he began producing, it was often a challenge for West to be accepted as a rapper, and he struggled to attain a record deal. Multiple record companies ignored him because he did not portray the gangsta image prominent in mainstream hip hop at the time. After a series of meetings with Capitol Records, West was ultimately denied an artist deal. Question: Although Kanye was achieving fame by producing, what did he actually want to be? Answer: rapper Question: What label declined to work with Kanye after many meetings? Answer: Capitol Records Question: What career was Kanye's ultimate dream? Answer: rapper Question: What did Kanye West not have that made record companies turn him down? Answer: gangsta image Question: Which record company turned Kanye down after many meetings? Answer: Capitol Records
Context: Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law (Pentateuch) and those parts of the Oral Law which are "halacha leMoshe m'Sinai", were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today. The laws contained in the Written Torah were given along with detailed explanations as how to apply and interpret them, the Oral Law. Although Orthodox Jews believe that many elements of current religious law were decreed or added as "fences" around the law by the rabbis, all Orthodox Jews believe that there is an underlying core of Sinaitic law and that this core of the religious laws Orthodox Jews know today is thus directly derived from Sinai and directly reflects the Divine will. As such, Orthodox Jews believe that one must be extremely careful in interpreting Jewish law. Orthodox Judaism holds that, given Jewish law's Divine origin, no underlying principle may be compromised in accounting for changing political, social or economic conditions; in this sense, "creativity" and development in Jewish law is limited. Question: What is the written law of the Torah known as? Answer: Pentateuch Question: Who dictated the oral law to Moses? Answer: God Question: What are the detailed explanations of how to apply and interpret the laws of the written Torah called? Answer: Oral Law Question: What is the law that is considered the core of religious laws Orthodox Jews know today? Answer: Sinaitic law Question: What is the origin of Jewish Law? Answer: Divine Question: Which single part of the Law do Orthodox Jews hold to be dictated by God? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What parts of the oral law are different than the original dictation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was not given a clear explanations on how to apply it? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who added fences to historical law that are not a part of modern day? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is considered divine and in no need of interpretation? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Ajahn Sucitto describes the path as "a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other." The eight factors of the path are not to be understood as stages, in which each stage is completed before moving on to the next. Rather, they are understood as eight significant dimensions of one's behaviour—mental, spoken, and bodily—that operate in dependence on one another; taken together, they define a complete path, or way of living. Question: Who describes the Noble Eightfold Path as "a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other."? Answer: Ajahn Sucitto Question: How are the eight factors of the Noble Eightfold Path to be understood? Answer: as eight significant dimensions of one's behaviour Question: What can one's behaviour be divided into? Answer: mental, spoken, and bodily Question: Who describes the path as "a mandala of interconnected factor that support and moderate each other"? Answer: Ajahn Sucitto
Context: Port Phillip is often warmer than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a "bay effect" similar to the "lake effect" seen in colder climates where showers are intensified leeward of the bay. Relatively narrow streams of heavy showers can often affect the same places (usually the eastern suburbs) for an extended period, while the rest of Melbourne and surrounds stays dry. Overall, Melbourne is, owing to the rain shadow of the Otway Ranges, nonetheless drier than average for southern Victoria. Within the city and surrounds, however, rainfall varies widely, from around 425 millimetres (17 in) at Little River to 1,250 millimetres (49 in) on the eastern fringe at Gembrook. Melbourne receives 48.6 clear days annually. Dewpoint temperatures in the summer range from 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F). Question: Approximately how many sunny days does Melbourne receive annually? Answer: 48.6 Question: What is the range of Melbourne's dewpoint temperatures in the summer? Answer: 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F) Question: Which suburbs usually are affected by relatively narrow streams of heavy showers? Answer: eastern suburbs Question: Is Port Phillip generally warmer or colder than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass? Answer: warmer
Context: It is now known that the molecular circadian clock can function within a single cell; i.e., it is cell-autonomous. This was shown by Gene Block in isolated mollusk BRNs.[clarification needed] At the same time, different cells may communicate with each other resulting in a synchronised output of electrical signaling. These may interface with endocrine glands of the brain to result in periodic release of hormones. The receptors for these hormones may be located far across the body and synchronise the peripheral clocks of various organs. Thus, the information of the time of the day as relayed by the eyes travels to the clock in the brain, and, through that, clocks in the rest of the body may be synchronised. This is how the timing of, for example, sleep/wake, body temperature, thirst, and appetite are coordinately controlled by the biological clock.[citation needed] Question: Inside of what can the molecular circadian clock operate? Answer: single cell Question: By functioning within a single, what is the system? Answer: cell-autonomous Question: What section of the brain periodically releases hormones? Answer: endocrine glands Question: How are sleep and wake cycles as well as body functions coordinated? Answer: biological clock Question: What do body hormone receptors do with the body's organs? Answer: synchronise Question: What requires multiple cells to function? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What results in a synchronized output electrical signals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: what section of the brain rarely releases hormones? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where in the body are receptors for electrical signals located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is timed independently of the biological clock? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some NPOs which are particularly well known, often for the charitable or social nature of their activities performed during a long period of time, include Amnesty International, Oxfam, Rotary International, Kiwanis International, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Nourishing USA, DEMIRA Deutsche Minenräumer (German Mine Clearers), FIDH International Federation for Human Rights, Goodwill Industries, United Way, ACORN (now defunct), Habitat for Humanity, Teach For America, the Red Cross and Red Crescent organizations, UNESCO, IEEE, INCOSE, World Wide Fund for Nature, Heifer International, Translators Without Borders and SOS Children's Villages. Question: What is a well known NPO that helps people from low incomes become homeowners? Answer: Habitat for Humanity Question: What is a international NPO that works on local levels to help communities thrive? Answer: Rotary International Question: What is a national charite that helps to bring food and health care to low income families? Answer: United Way Question: Which NPO is on the fore front of help when national disasters strike? Answer: Red Cross and Red Crescent Question: Which organization is a leader in promoting nature and preserving the enviornment? Answer: World Wide Fund for Nature Question: What has happened to Teach for America now that its non functional? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What charity brings food and health care to mine cleaners? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which groups help UNESCO with management? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which fund helps OXFAM provide donations to families? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group helps German mine cleaners fix homes? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In September 1939, Britain and the self-governing Dominions, but not Ireland, declared war on Nazi Germany. George VI and his wife resolved to stay in London, despite German bombing raids. They officially stayed in Buckingham Palace throughout the war, although they usually spent nights at Windsor Castle. The first German raid on London, on 7 September 1940, killed about one thousand civilians, mostly in the East End. On 13 September, the King and Queen narrowly avoided death when two German bombs exploded in a courtyard at Buckingham Palace while they were there. In defiance, the Queen famously declared: "I am glad we have been bombed. It makes me feel we can look the East End in the face". The royal family were portrayed as sharing the same dangers and deprivations as the rest of the country. They were subject to rationing restrictions, and U.S. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt remarked on the rationed food served and the limited bathwater that was permitted during a stay at the unheated and boarded-up Palace. In August 1942, the King's brother, Prince George, Duke of Kent, was killed on active service. Question: Against who did Britain declare war against in 1939? Answer: Nazi Germany Question: Which city did the king and queen stay in even with the bombing threats? Answer: London Question: How many people died on the first German raid on London? Answer: one thousand civilians Question: What year did the King's brother die in service? Answer: 1942 Question: What was the Queen's name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month and year did Eleanor Roosevelt visit London? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date in August 1942 was Prince George killed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many civilians were killed in the East End on 7 September 1940? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date in September 1939 did Britain declare war on Nazi Germany? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Notably, a statute does not disappear automatically merely because it has been found unconstitutional; it must be deleted by a subsequent statute. Many federal and state statutes have remained on the books for decades after they were ruled to be unconstitutional. However, under the principle of stare decisis, no sensible lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statute, and any court that does so will be reversed by the Supreme Court. Conversely, any court that refuses to enforce a constitutional statute (where such constitutionality has been expressly established in prior cases) will risk reversal by the Supreme Court. Question: In order for a unconstitutional statue to disappear, it has to be deleted by? Answer: a subsequent statute Question: What has remained on the books after they were ruled unconstitutional? Answer: federal and state statutes Question: What principle states no lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statue? Answer: stare decisis Question: Who can reverse an unconstitutional court ruling? Answer: the Supreme Court Question: What must happen to a statute for it to become unconstitutional? Answer: it must be deleted Question: What can delete a statute and make it unconstitutional? Answer: a subsequent statute Question: Some federal and state statutes remain on the books for how long after they are ruled unconstitutional? Answer: decades Question: What decisis states that no lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statute? Answer: the principle of stare decisis Question: Any court that enforces an unconstitutional statute will be overturned by what court? Answer: the Supreme Court Question: If a statute is unconstitutional, how is it removed? Answer: deleted by a subsequent statute Question: What happens when an unconstitutional statute remains on the books? Answer: no sensible lower court will enforce Question: What would happen if a lower court tried to enforce an unconstitutional statute? Answer: reversed by the Supreme Court Question: What would happen if a lower court refused to uphold a constitutional law? Answer: risk reversal by the Supreme Court Question: What must happen before the Supreme Court will reverse a decision by a lower court refusing to uphold a constitutional law? Answer: constitutionality has been expressly established in prior cases Question: A statute is automatically removed when it is found to be what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long does it take for the principle of stare decisis to come into affect? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the principle that demands that unconstitutional laws must be removed via subsequent rulings? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of court can reverse unconstitutional enforcements by the Supreme Court? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What court created the principle of stare decisis? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Following the excommunication of Luther and condemnation of the Reformation by the Pope, the work and writings of John Calvin were influential in establishing a loose consensus among various groups in Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary, Germany and elsewhere. After the expulsion of its Bishop in 1526, and the unsuccessful attempts of the Bern reformer William Farel, Calvin was asked to use the organisational skill he had gathered as a student of law to discipline the "fallen city" of Geneva. His Ordinances of 1541 involved a collaboration of Church affairs with the City council and consistory to bring morality to all areas of life. After the establishment of the Geneva academy in 1559, Geneva became the unofficial capital of the Protestant movement, providing refuge for Protestant exiles from all over Europe and educating them as Calvinist missionaries. The faith continued to spread after Calvin's death in 1563. Question: Who condemned the Reformation? Answer: the Pope Question: Who wrote the Ordinances of 1541? Answer: John Calvin Question: What city became the unofficial capital of the Protestant movement? Answer: Geneva Question: What type of missionaries were taught in Geneva? Answer: Calvinist Question: When did John Calvin die? Answer: 1563
Context: The U.S. Federal Reserve and central banks around the world have taken steps to expand money supplies to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral, in which lower wages and higher unemployment lead to a self-reinforcing decline in global consumption. In addition, governments have enacted large fiscal stimulus packages, by borrowing and spending to offset the reduction in private sector demand caused by the crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's new and expanded liquidity facilities were intended to enable the central bank to fulfill its traditional lender-of-last-resort role during the crisis while mitigating stigma, broadening the set of institutions with access to liquidity, and increasing the flexibility with which institutions could tap such liquidity. Question: What have central banks around the world done to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral? Answer: expand money supplies Question: What have governments done to offset the reduction in private sector demand? Answer: enacted large fiscal stimulus packages Question: What is the U.S. Federal Reserve's traditional role during a crisis? Answer: lender-of-last-resort Question: What did the U.S. Federal Reserve do to increase access to liquidity? Answer: expanded liquidity facilities Question: What type decline does lower wages and higher unemployment lead to? Answer: self-reinforcing decline
Context: Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies). For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology mentions that the "Third World" had habitually received most of attention; anthropologists who traditionally specialized in "other cultures" looked for them far away and started to look "across the tracks" only in late 1960s. Question: What do some authors state anthropology developed as the study of? Answer: "other cultures Question: A past society would be an other culture separated by what temporal aspect? Answer: time Question: What other cultures are said to be separated by space, what is actually meant? Answer: non-European/non-Western societies Question: Who published a book with unnecessarily long title, "Exploring the City: Inquires Toward an Urban Anthropology"? Answer: Ulf Hannerz Question: When did anthropologists stop looking for cultures far away and instead began to "look across the tracks"? Answer: only in late 1960s Question: What do some authors argue developed as the study of western culture in terms of time and space? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did anthropologist specializing in other culture start searching in the "Third World"? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city uses the strong-mayor version of the mayor-council form of government, which is headed by one mayor, in whom executive authority is vested. Elected at-large, the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms under the city's home rule charter, but can run for the position again after an intervening term. The Mayor is Jim Kenney, who replaced Michael Nutter, who served two terms from 2009 to January 2016. Kenney, as all Philadelphia mayors have been since 1952, is a member of the Democratic Party, which tends to dominate local politics so thoroughly that the Democratic Mayoral primary is often more widely covered than the general election. The legislative branch, the Philadelphia City Council, consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected at large. Democrats currently hold 14 seats, with Republicans representing two allotted at-large seats for the minority party, as well as the Northeast-based Tenth District. The current council president is Darrell Clarke. Question: What type of government does Philadelphia have? Answer: strong-mayor version of the mayor-council Question: How many terms can a mayor serve? Answer: two consecutive four-year terms Question: Who is the current mayor? Answer: Jim Kenney Question: What party does the mayor represent? Answer: Democratic Party Question: What is the legislative branch called? Answer: Philadelphia City Council
Context: The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was sometimes prefixed by 'Light' or 'Heavy' (LAA or HAA) to classify a type of gun or unit. Nicknames for anti-aircraft guns include AA, AAA or triple-A, an abbreviation of anti-aircraft artillery; "ack-ack" (from the spelling alphabet used by the British for voice transmission of "AA"); and archie (a World War I British term probably coined by Amyas Borton and believed to derive via the Royal Flying Corps from the music-hall comedian George Robey's line "Archibald, certainly not!"). Question: Which country probably coined the term air defence? Answer: Britain Question: What does ADGB stand for? Answer: Air Defence of Great Britain Question: What year was the ADGB created? Answer: 1925 Question: Who is probably the one who coined the term archie for anti-aircraft guns? Answer: Amyas Borton Question: What George Robey line is believed to have started the archie nickname? Answer: "Archibald, certainly not!"
Context: From mid-May to September 1989, Ukrainian Greek-Catholic hunger strikers staged protests on Moscow's Arbat to call attention to the plight of their Church. They were especially active during the July session of the World Council of Churches held in Moscow. The protest ended with the arrests of the group on September 18. On May 27, 1989, the founding conference of the Lviv regional Memorial Society was held. On June 18, 1989, an estimated 100,000 faithful participated in public religious services in Ivano-Frankivsk in western Ukraine, responding to Cardinal Myroslav Lubachivsky's call for an international day of prayer. Question: What were the hunger strikers hoping to draw attention to? Answer: plight of their Church. Question: When did the Lviv regional Memorial Society have its first conference? Answer: May 27, 1989 Question: How many people attended the services in western Ukraine? Answer: an estimated 100,000
Context: The South Saharan steppe and woodlands ecoregion is a narrow band running east and west between the hyper-arid Sahara and the Sahel savannas to the south. Movements of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bring summer rains during July and August which average 100 to 200 mm (3.9 to 7.9 in) but vary greatly from year to year. These rains sustain summer pastures of grasses and herbs, with dry woodlands and shrublands along seasonal watercourses. This ecoregion covers 1,101,700 km2 (425,400 mi2) in Algeria, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Sudan. Question: Which directions does the South Saharan run? Answer: east and west Question: What months do the summer rains happen? Answer: July and August Question: What is the average rainfall between the months of July and August? Answer: 100 to 200 mm Question: How much land does the ecoregion cover? Answer: 1,101,700 km2 (425,400 mi2) Question: what ecoregion runs north and south in a norrow band? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does it not rain in July and August? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much land does the Sahara cover? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What sustains the spring pastures and grasslands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When does less than 100mm of rain fall? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the band running from north to south in the Sahara? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long is the ICZ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much rain does Algeria get? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What months are the driest? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is between the South Saharan steppe and the hyper-arid Sahara? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1867, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and second son of Queen Victoria, visited the islands. The main settlement, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, was named in honour of his visit. Lewis Carroll's youngest brother, the Reverend Edwin Heron Dodgson, served as an Anglican missionary and schoolteacher in Tristan da Cunha in the 1880s. Question: in what year did Prince Alfred visit the island? Answer: 1867 Question: what was the main settlement named? Answer: Edinburgh of the Seven Seas Question: who is Lewis Carroll's youngest brother? Answer: Reverend Edwin Heron Dodgson Question: When did the third son of Queen Victoria visit the islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Queen Victoria visit the islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Edwin Heron visit the islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Lewis Carroll Dodgson visit the islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Tristan da Cunha visit the islands? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing. The 1975 Somali Family Law gave men and women equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce and the exclusive right to control by each spouse over his or her personal property. Question: What law gave Somali husbands and wives equal rights over personal property? Answer: 1975 Somali Family Law Question: What was the official name of the country in which the 1975 Somali Family Law was passed? Answer: the Somali Democratic Republic Question: In addition to giving spouses equal rights over their personal property during marriage, what did the Somali Family Law give them? Answer: equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce
Context: Bond travels to Austria to find White, who is dying of thallium poisoning. He admits to growing disenchanted with Quantum and tells Bond to find and protect his daughter, Dr. Madeline Swann, who will take him to L'Américain; this will in turn lead him to Spectre. White then commits suicide. Bond locates Swann at the Hoffler Klinik, but she is abducted by Hinx. Bond rescues her and the two meet Q, who discovers that Sciarra's ring links Oberhauser to Bond's previous missions, identifying Le Chiffre, Dominic Greene and Raoul Silva as Spectre agents. Swann reveals that L'Américain is a hotel in Tangier. Question: What is White suffering from when Bond finds him? Answer: thallium poisoning Question: Who is White's daughter? Answer: Dr. Madeline Swann Question: How does White deal with his condition? Answer: commits suicide Question: Where does JAmes find Dr. Swann? Answer: Hoffler Klinik Question: Where is L'Americain located? Answer: Tangier Question: What is Mr. White dying of? Answer: thallium poisoning. Question: Who does Mr. White ask James Bond to protect? Answer: his daughter, Dr. Madeline Swann Question: Where is the L'Americain hotel? Answer: Tangier. Question: Who kidnaps Dr. Swann? Answer: Hinx. Question: Who travels to Australia to find Mr. White? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is dying of potassium poisoning? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wants his son protected? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose son is abducted by Hinx? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Jean Macfarlane founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development, formerly called the Institute of Child Welfare, in 1927. The Institute was instrumental in initiating studies of healthy development, in contrast to previous work that had been dominated by theories based on pathological personalities. The studies looked at human development during the Great Depression and World War II, unique historical circumstances under which a generation of children grew up. The Oakland Growth Study, initiated by Harold Jones and Herbert Stolz in 1931, aimed to study the physical, intellectual, and social development of children in the Oakland area. Data collection began in 1932 and continued until 1981, allowing the researchers to gather longitudinal data on the individuals that extended past adolescence into adulthood. Jean Macfarlane launched the Berkeley Guidance Study, which examined the development of children in terms of their socioeconomic and family backgrounds. These studies provided the background for Glen Elder in the 1960s, to propose a life-course perspective of adolescent development. Elder formulated several descriptive principles of adolescent development. The principle of historical time and place states that an individual's development is shaped by the period and location in which they grow up. The principle of the importance of timing in one's life refers to the different impact that life events have on development based on when in one's life they occur. The idea of linked lives states that one's development is shaped by the interconnected network of relationships of which one is a part; and the principle of human agency asserts that one's life course is constructed via the choices and actions of an individual within the context of their historical period and social network. Question: Who founded the University of California, Berkeley's Institude of Human Development? Answer: Jean Macfarlane Question: What year was the University of California, Berkeley's Instutute of Human Development founded? Answer: 1927 Question: What was the Univerity of California, Berkeley's Institute of Human Development formerly called? Answer: Institute of Child Welfare Question: What year was the Oakland Growth Study initiated? Answer: 1931 Question: What year did data for the Oakland Growth Study stop being collected? Answer: 1981
Context: The Section d'Or, also known as Groupe de Puteaux, founded by some of the most conspicuous Cubists, was a collective of painters, sculptors and critics associated with Cubism and Orphism, active from 1911 through about 1914, coming to prominence in the wake of their controversial showing at the 1911 Salon des Indépendants. The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1912, was arguably the most important pre-World War I Cubist exhibition; exposing Cubism to a wide audience. Over 200 works were displayed, and the fact that many of the artists showed artworks representative of their development from 1909 to 1912 gave the exhibition the allure of a Cubist retrospective. Question: How many works displayed at The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1912? Answer: Over 200 Question: How many works displayed at The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1922? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was also known as Non-Groupe de Puteaux? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What's another term for The Section d'voures? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was developed in 1913? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: France started the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), and was defeated by the Kingdom of Prussia and other German states. The end of the war led to the unification of Germany. Otto von Bismarck annexed Alsace and northern Lorraine to the new German Empire in 1871; unlike other members states of the German federation, which had governments of their own, the new Imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine was under the sole authority of the Kaiser, administered directly by the imperial government in Berlin. Between 100,000 and 130,000 Alsatians (of a total population of about a million and a half) chose to remain French citizens and leave Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen, many of them resettling in French Algeria as Pieds-Noirs. Only in 1911 was Alsace-Lorraine granted some measure of autonomy, which was manifested also in a flag and an anthem (Elsässisches Fahnenlied). In 1913, however, the Saverne Affair (French: Incident de Saverne) showed the limits of this new tolerance of the Alsatian identity. Question: Which country defeated the French in 1871? Answer: Kingdom of Prussia Question: The end of the war led to which companies unification? Answer: Germany Question: Who annexed Alsace to the new German Empire in 1871? Answer: Otto von Bismarck Question: What war did Prussia start in 1870? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who allied with France against Germany? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the population of Lorraine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who granted Alsace-Lorraine autonomy in 1911? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Elsässisches Fahnenlied mean in French? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS are officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC) branch of the CAF. Members of the Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS who are not employed part-time (Class A) or full-time (Class B) may be held on the "Cadet Instructor Supplementary Staff List" (CISS List) in anticipation of employment in the same manner as other reservists are held as members of the Supplementary Reserve. Question: Who conducts training of the cadets? Answer: Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service Question: What age are the cadets in the Canadian Cadet Movement? Answer: 12 to 18 years Question: What branch are the majority of COATS members? Answer: officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre Question: Who is eligible to serve as a COATS trainer? Answer: Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS Question: Who conducts formation of the cadets? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What age are the cadets in the Non-Canadian Cadet Movement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What branch are the minority of COATS members? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is not eligible to serve as a COATS trainer? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Electrochemical migration (ECM) is the growth of conductive metal filaments on or in a printed circuit board (PCB) under the influence of a DC voltage bias. Silver, zinc, and aluminum are known to grow whiskers under the influence of an electric field. Silver also grows conducting surface paths in the presence of halide and other ions, making it a poor choice for electronics use. Tin will grow "whiskers" due to tension in the plated surface. Tin-Lead or solder plating also grows whiskers, only reduced by the percentage Tin replaced. Reflow to melt solder or tin plate to relieve surface stress lowers whisker incidence. Another coating issue is tin pest, the transformation of tin to a powdery allotrope at low temperature. Question: What's the process whereby metal filaments are grown on or in a PCB via DC voltage? Answer: Electrochemical migration Question: Along with silver and aluminum, what metal grows metal filaments when exposed to an electric field? Answer: zinc Question: In addition to "whiskers," what does silver sprout around ions like halide? Answer: conducting surface paths Question: What do scientist call the function whereby tin changes when it's very cold? Answer: tin pest Question: What's present in plated surfaces that causes tin to grow metal filaments? Answer: tension Question: What material is a good choice for electronics use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Tin plast is what type of issue? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The transformation of silver to a powdery allotrope at low temperature is know as what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: AC voltage bias helps promote the growth of what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what is now Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. The Jurassic North Atlantic Ocean was relatively narrow, while the South Atlantic did not open until the following Cretaceous Period, when Gondwana itself rifted apart. The Tethys Sea closed, and the Neotethys basin appeared. Climates were warm, with no evidence of glaciation. As in the Triassic, there was apparently no land near either pole, and no extensive ice caps existed. The Jurassic geological record is good in western Europe, where extensive marine sequences indicate a time when much of the continent was submerged under shallow tropical seas; famous locales include the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site and the renowned late Jurassic lagerstätten of Holzmaden and Solnhofen. In contrast, the North American Jurassic record is the poorest of the Mesozoic, with few outcrops at the surface. Though the epicontinental Sundance Sea left marine deposits in parts of the northern plains of the United States and Canada during the late Jurassic, most exposed sediments from this period are continental, such as the alluvial deposits of the Morrison Formation. The first of several massive batholiths were emplaced in the northern Cordillera beginning in the mid-Jurassic, marking the Nevadan orogeny. Important Jurassic exposures are also found in Russia, India, South America, Japan, Australasia and the United Kingdom. Question: During what years was the Jurassic period? Answer: 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. Question: Which supercontinent came apart in the Jurassic period? Answer: Pangaea Question: The Gulf of Mexico formed in the rift between North America and what other land mass? Answer: Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula Question: At what point did the South Atlantic ocean begin to open? Answer: Cretaceous Period Question: Which late Jurassic cultural sites are famous in Europe? Answer: lagerstätten of Holzmaden and Solnhofen Question: What did Laurasia and Gondwana form during the Jurassic Period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What North Ocean was broad in the Jurassic Period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ocean closed during the Cretaceous? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What left marine deposits in the plains of south America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What geological record is poot in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The iTunes Store (introduced April 29, 2003) is an online media store run by Apple and accessed through iTunes. The store became the market leader soon after its launch and Apple announced the sale of videos through the store on October 12, 2005. Full-length movies became available on September 12, 2006. Question: When was the Apple iTunes Store launched? Answer: April 29, 2003 Question: What program is required to access the iTunes Store? Answer: iTunes Question: When were videos made available through the iTunes store? Answer: October 12, 2005 Question: When did Apple begin selling entire films through the iTunes store? Answer: September 12, 2006 Question: In what year was the iTunes store established? Answer: 2003 Question: In what year did videos first become available on iTunes? Answer: 2005 Question: When were full-length moved added to the iTunes store? Answer: 2006
Context: In July 2012, Ancestry.com reported on historic and DNA research by its staff that discovered that Obama is likely a descendant through his mother of John Punch, considered by some historians to be the first African slave in the Virginia colony. An indentured servant, he was "bound for life" in 1640 after trying to escape. The story of him and his descendants is that of multi-racial America since it appeared he and his sons married or had unions with white women, likely indentured servants and working-class like them. Their multi-racial children were free because they were born to free English women. Over time, Obama's line of the Bunch family (as they became known) were property owners and continued to "marry white"; they became part of white society, likely by the early to mid-18th century. Question: Who is Obama possibly an ancestor of? Answer: John Punch Question: Who is John Punch? Answer: the first African slave in the Virginia colony Question: When was Punch indentured? Answer: 1640 Question: Why was he indentured for life? Answer: trying to escape Question: Why were his children free? Answer: they were born to free English women
Context: In 1854 president Antonio López de Santa Anna enlarged the area of the Federal District almost eightfold from the original 220 to 1,700 km2 (80 to 660 sq mi), annexing the rural and mountainous areas to secure the strategic mountain passes to the south and southwest to protect the city in event of a foreign invasion. (The Mexican–American War had just been fought.) The last changes to the limits of the Federal District were made between 1898 and 1902, reducing the area to the current 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi) by adjusting the southern border with the state of Morelos. By that time, the total number of municipalities within the Federal District was twenty-two. Question: How many smaller cities did Mexico City make up at its height? Answer: twenty-two Question: What is the current area of Mexico City? Answer: 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi) Question: How large was Mexico City at its largest? Answer: 1,700 km2 Question: When was the boundaries of the city last adjusted? Answer: 1902 Question: Who increased the size of Mexico City to it's largest? Answer: Antonio López de Santa Anna
Context: Clovis the Frank, the first king of the Merovingian dynasty, made the city his capital from 508. A gradual immigration by the Franks also occurred in Paris in the beginning of the Frankish domination of Gaul which created the Parisian Francien dialects. Fortification of the Île-de-France failed to prevent sacking by Vikings in 845 but Paris' strategic importance—with its bridges preventing ships from passing—was established by successful defence in the Siege of Paris (885–86). In 987 Hugh Capet, Count of Paris (comte de Paris), Duke of the Franks (duc des Francs) was elected King of the Franks (roi des Franks). Under the rule of the Capetian kings, Paris gradually became the largest and most prosperous city in France. Question: who was the first king of the Merovingian dynasty? Answer: Clovis the Frank Question: In what year was Hugh Capet elected as king? Answer: 987 Question: What helped establish a successful defense in the Siege of Paris? Answer: bridges Question: The domination of what helped create the Parisian dialect? Answer: Gaul
Context: Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame, and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts. Through early January, she felt "weak and unwell", and by mid-January she was "drowsy ... dazed, [and] confused". She died on Tuesday, 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81. Her son and successor King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, were at her deathbed. Her favourite pet Pomeranian, Turri, was laid upon her deathbed as a last request. Question: Where did Victoria spend the Christmas of 1900? Answer: Osborne House Question: Where was osborne House that Victoria spent christmas at located? Answer: on the Isle of Wight Question: What had caused Victoria to be lame? Answer: Rheumatism in her legs Question: Why was Victorias eyesight clouded? Answer: cataracts Question: What was the date of Queen Victorias death? Answer: 22 January 1901 Question: Where was Osborne House located? Answer: Isle of Wight Question: When did Queen Victoria die? Answer: Tuesday, 22 January 1901 Question: How old was Queen Victoria upon her death? Answer: 81 Question: Who was Queen Victoria's successor after her death? Answer: King Edward VII Question: Who did she wish to see on her deathbed, making it her last request? Answer: pet Pomeranian, Turri Question: Where did Victoria usually spend Christmases? Answer: Osborne House on the Isle of Wight Question: What caused Victoria limited mobility later in life? Answer: Rheumatism Question: Whaen did Queen Victoria die? Answer: Tuesday, 22 January 1901 Question: How old was Victoria when she died? Answer: 81 Question: Who was Queen Victoria's successor? Answer: King Edward VII Question: Where did Victoria spend the Christmas of 1901? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was osborne House that Victoria spent christmas at not located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What hadn't caused Victoria to be lame? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why was Victorias eyesight unclouded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the date of Queen Victorias birth? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Ottoman illumination covers non-figurative painted or drawn decorative art in books or on sheets in muraqqa or albums, as opposed to the figurative images of the Ottoman miniature. It was a part of the Ottoman Book Arts together with the Ottoman miniature (taswir), calligraphy (hat), Islamic calligraphy, bookbinding (cilt) and paper marbling (ebru). In the Ottoman Empire, illuminated and illustrated manuscripts were commissioned by the Sultan or the administrators of the court. In Topkapi Palace, these manuscripts were created by the artists working in Nakkashane, the atelier of the miniature and illumination artists. Both religious and non-religious books could be illuminated. Also sheets for albums levha consisted of illuminated calligraphy (hat) of tughra, religious texts, verses from poems or proverbs, and purely decorative drawings. Question: Were would one find the sheets where Ottoman's created illuminated decorations? Answer: muraqqa Question: What is another name for an Ottoman miniature? Answer: taswir Question: Ottoman calligraphy can also be referred to as what? Answer: hat Question: Who commissioned illustrated manuscripts in the Ottoman empire? Answer: the Sultan or the administrators of the court Question: What palace was the place of creation for illustrated manuscripts? Answer: Topkapi Palace
Context: Seemingly, multitasking would cause a computer that is switching between several programs to run more slowly, in direct proportion to the number of programs it is running, but most programs spend much of their time waiting for slow input/output devices to complete their tasks. If a program is waiting for the user to click on the mouse or press a key on the keyboard, then it will not take a "time slice" until the event it is waiting for has occurred. This frees up time for other programs to execute so that many programs may be run simultaneously without unacceptable speed loss. Question: Multitasking would seemingly cause a computer to run in what fashion? Answer: more slowly, Question: What do a lot of programs spend time waiting for? Answer: input/output devices
Context: In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned by Warsaw's Russian governor for military use, and the Warsaw Lyceum was reestablished in the Kazimierz Palace (today the rectorate of Warsaw University). Fryderyk and his family moved to a building, which still survives, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace. During this period, Fryderyk was sometimes invited to the Belweder Palace as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland, Grand Duke Constantine; he played the piano for the Duke and composed a march for him. Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, in his dramatic eclogue, "Nasze Przebiegi" ("Our Discourses", 1818), attested to "little Chopin's" popularity. Question: In what year was the Saxon Palace taken by the Russian governor for use regarding the military? Answer: 1817 Question: What establishment today contains what was known as the Warsaw Lyceum during that time? Answer: Warsaw University Question: What building was Frédéric's new home adjacent to? Answer: Kazimierz Palace Question: What palace was Frédéric sometimes invited to as a companion of the ruler's son? Answer: Belweder Palace Question: What short poem spoke of Frédéric's popularity as a child? Answer: Nasze Przebiegi Question: The Saxon Palace was taken over for military use in what year? Answer: 1817 Question: The Warsaw Lyceum was moved to where? Answer: Kazimierz Palace Question: As a child Chopin was invited to play with the son of whom? Answer: Grand Duke Constantine Question: What did Chopin create for Grand Duke Constantine? Answer: a march Question: In one of his works who affirmed the popularity of Chopin as a child? Answer: Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz Question: What was the place Chopin was invited to as a friend of ruler's son? Answer: Belweder Palace Question: What is the title and name of the ruler whose son Chopin was friends with? Answer: Grand Duke Constantine Question: What type of musical piece did Chopin compose for his friend's ruling father? Answer: a march Question: Who wrote in 1818 about the popularity of Chopin? Answer: Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
Context: Marshal MacMahon, now closest to Wissembourg, spread his four divisions over 20 miles (32 km) to react to any Prussian invasion. This organization of forces was due to a lack of supplies, forcing each division to seek out basic provisions along with the representatives of the army supply arm that was supposed to aid them. What made a bad situation much worse was the conduct of General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot, commander of the 1st Division. He told General Abel Douay, commander of the 2nd Division, on 1 August that "The information I have received makes me suppose that the enemy has no considerable forces very near his advance posts, and has no desire to take the offensive". Two days later, he told MacMahon that he had not found "a single enemy post ... it looks to me as if the menace of the Bavarians is simply bluff". Even though Ducrot shrugged off the possibility of an attack by the Germans, MacMahon tried to warn the other divisions of his army, without success. Question: Which marshal was closest to Wissembourg? Answer: Marshal MacMahon Question: How many divisions did MacMahon command? Answer: four divisions Question: Over how many miles did MacMahon's divisions cover? Answer: 20 miles Question: Whose conduct made a bad situation worse? Answer: General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot Question: What group did General Ducrot command? Answer: the 1st Division
Context: In many people, the infection waxes and wanes. Tissue destruction and necrosis are often balanced by healing and fibrosis. Affected tissue is replaced by scarring and cavities filled with caseous necrotic material. During active disease, some of these cavities are joined to the air passages bronchi and this material can be coughed up. It contains living bacteria, so can spread the infection. Treatment with appropriate antibiotics kills bacteria and allows healing to take place. Upon cure, affected areas are eventually replaced by scar tissue. Question: What process replaces tissue damaged by TB? Answer: scarring Question: What material can sometimes be expelled by coughing if the cavities it's stored in connect to bronchi? Answer: caseous necrotic material Question: What type of bacteria-attacking medicine will treat tuberculosis? Answer: antibiotics Question: Are the bacteria in caseous necrotic material living or dead? Answer: living Question: What replaces scarring? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is affected tissue filled with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do cavities join with in the waning period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What medicine treats scar tissue? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What joins with air passages to prevent material from being coughed up? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The next to arrive were the Dutch, with their main base in Ceylon. The British—who set up a trading post in the west coast port of Surat in 1619—and the French. The internal conflicts among Indian kingdoms gave opportunities to the European traders to gradually establish political influence and appropriate lands. Although these continental European powers controlled various coastal regions of southern and eastern India during the ensuing century, they eventually lost all their territories in India to the British islanders, with the exception of the French outposts of Pondichéry and Chandernagore, the Dutch port of Travancore, and the Portuguese colonies of Goa, Daman and Diu.[citation needed] Question: In what country was the trading base for the Dutch? Answer: Ceylon Question: Where did the British initially establish a trading base? Answer: port of Surat Question: What was the third European country to establish trading with India? Answer: French Question: What actions by the Indian kingdoms gave the European traders the opportunity to acquire lands and influence? Answer: internal conflicts Question: To whom did the foreigners lose most of their acquired lands? Answer: British
Context: Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as the Asharite of Islam. The Scholastics by combining the philosophy of Aristotle with the Christianity of St. Augustine emphasized the potential harmony inherent in reason and revelation. Perhaps the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe was St. Thomas Aquinas who helped reintroduce Aristotle's works, which had only been transmitted to Catholic Europe through Muslim Spain, along with the commentaries of Averroes. Aquinas's use of them set the agenda, for scholastic political philosophy dominated European thought for centuries even unto the Renaissance. Question: What was heavily influenced by Christian thinking? Answer: Medieval political philosophy in Europe Question: Medieval political philosophy had much in common with what type of thinking? Answer: Mutazalite Islamic thinking Question: Who was the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe? Answer: St. Thomas Aquinas Question: What influenced medieval politics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Roman Catholics subordinate theology too? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did Christian thinking differ from Mutazalite Islamic thinking? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who emphasize the harmony absent in reason and revelation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What medieval philosopher help to write some of Aristotle's works? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Mutazalite Islamic thinking influenced by in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the most influential Asharite in medieval Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Averroes help reintroduce in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the effect of Averroes uses of Aristotle's works in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the most influential political philosopher who made the commentaries of Averroes? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Royal power in Wales was unevenly applied, with the country divided between the marcher lords along the borders, royal territories in Pembrokeshire and the more independent native Welsh lords of North Wales. John took a close interest in Wales and knew the country well, visiting every year between 1204 and 1211 and marrying his illegitimate daughter, Joan, to the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great. The king used the marcher lords and the native Welsh to increase his own territory and power, striking a sequence of increasingly precise deals backed by royal military power with the Welsh rulers. A major royal expedition to enforce these agreements occurred in 1211, after Llywelyn attempted to exploit the instability caused by the removal of William de Braose, through the Welsh uprising of 1211. John's invasion, striking into the Welsh heartlands, was a military success. Llywelyn came to terms that included an expansion of John's power across much of Wales, albeit only temporarily. Question: Where did John visit every year between 1204 and 1211? Answer: Wales Question: Who did John marry Joan to? Answer: Llywelyn the Great Question: What did John use to increase his own territory and power? Answer: marcher lords and the native Welsh Question: When did a royal expedition to enforce agreements occur? Answer: 1211
Context: Connaught Place, one of North India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres. Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi. The city's service sector has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many multinational companies. Key service industries include information technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media and tourism. Question: What is the name of the large commercial and financial district located in the northern part of New Delhi? Answer: Connaught Place Question: New Delhi's service sector has expanded largely due to skilled workers that speak what language? Answer: English Question: What is one of the key service industries of New Delhi? Answer: information technology Question: Prior to the expansion of the service sector, what sector was the largest employer in New Delhi? Answer: Government Question: The large skilled English-speaking workforce of New Delhi has been able to attract what type of organizations to the city? Answer: multinational companies
Context: The first known European explorer to reach Bermuda was Spanish sea captain Juan de Bermúdez in 1503, after whom the islands are named. He claimed the apparently uninhabited islands for the Spanish Empire. Paying two visits to the archipelago, Bermúdez never landed on the islands, but did create a recognisable map of the archipelago. Shipwrecked Portuguese mariners are now thought to have been responsible for the 1543 inscription in Portuguese Rock (previously called Spanish Rock). Subsequent Spanish or other European parties are believed to have released pigs there, which had become feral and abundant on the island by the time European settlement began. In 1609, the English Virginia Company, which had established Jamestown in Virginia (a term originally applied to all of the North American continent) two years earlier, permanently settled Bermuda in the aftermath of a hurricane, when the crew and passengers of the Sea Venture steered the ship onto the surrounding reef to prevent its sinking, then landed ashore. Question: The first known European explorer to reach Bermuda was of what nationality? Answer: Spanish Question: What is the name of the first European explorer to reach Bermuda? Answer: Juan de Bermúdez Question: What animal did the Spaniards or other Europeans bring to the island that then became wild inhabitants? Answer: pigs Question: What company permanently settled Bermuda? Answer: the English Virginia Company Question: Who was the first known European explorer to reach Bermuda? Answer: Juan de Bermúdez Question: In what year did Jaun de Bermudez first reach Bermuda? Answer: 1503 Question: How many times did Bermudez visit the archipelago? Answer: two Question: What animal are European parties responsible for releasing in Bermuda? Answer: pigs Question: In what year did the English Virginia Company settle permanently in Bermuda? Answer: 1609 Question: Who first reached Bermuda in 1305? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who landed on the archipelago in 1503? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was responsible for the 1534 inscription in Portuguese Rock? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who settled in Bermuda in 1690? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who settled in Jamestown in 1609? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The crisis deepened during the 17th century with the expulsion in 1609 of the Jews and the Moriscos, descendants of the Muslim population that converted to Christianity under threat of exile from Ferdinand and Isabella in 1502. From 1609 through 1614, the Spanish government systematically forced Moriscos to leave the kingdom for Muslim North Africa. They were concentrated in the former Kingdom of Aragon, where they constituted a fifth of the population, and the Valencia area specifically, where they were roughly a third of the total population. The expulsion caused the financial ruin of some of the nobility and the bankruptcy of the Taula de Canvi in 1613. The Crown endeavoured to compensate the nobles, who had lost much of their agricultural labour force; this harmed the economy of the city for generations to come. Later, during the so-called Catalan Revolt (1640–1652), Valencia contributed to the cause of Philip IV with militias and money, resulting in a period of further economic hardship exacerbated by the arrival of troops from other parts of Spain. Question: What people group was descended from Muslim converts to Christianity? Answer: Moriscos Question: When were the Jews expelled? Answer: 1609 Question: Where did the Moriscos go when they were forced out of Spain? Answer: North Africa Question: What proportion of the Valencia area's population were the Moriscos? Answer: a third Question: When was the Taula de Canvi bankrupted? Answer: 1613
Context: Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expenses were paid for by taxes coming from that province, with the remainder each year being sent to the central government in Damascus. As the central power of the Umayyad rulers waned in the later years of the dynasty, some governors neglected to send the extra tax revenue to Damascus and created great personal fortunes. Question: Who appointed the governors in the Umayyad empire? Answer: khalifah Question: Where was the government of the Umayyads based? Answer: Damascus Question: Along with army leaders, police and civil administration, what did the governor control in his province? Answer: religious officials Question: What was not divided into several pieces? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the borders of the empire do before the Umayyad reign? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who appointed the khalifah? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did governors do with the extra tax revenue in the early years of the dynasty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the central power of the Umayyad rulers increase? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, the oldest technical university is Istanbul Technical University. Its graduates contributed to a wide variety of activities in scientific research and development. In 1950s, 2 technical universities were opened in Ankara and Trabzon. In recent years, Yildiz University is reorganized as Yildiz Technical University and 2 institutes of technology were founded in Kocaeli and Izmir. In 2010, another technical university named Bursa Technical University was founded in Bursa. Moreover, a sixth technical university is about to be opened in Konya named Konya Technical University. Question: What institute of technology opened in Bursa in 2010? Answer: Bursa Technical University Question: When Konya Technical University opens, how many total institutes of technology will there be in Turkey and the Ottoman Empire? Answer: six Question: What two cities in Turkey acquired institutes of technology in the 1950s? Answer: Ankara and Trabzon
Context: The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in AD 1911. Question: When did the Qing dynasty fall? Answer: AD 1911 Question: What innovation was acquired from the Qin? Answer: commanderies Question: What philosphy in education was sanctioned by the Chinese court? Answer: Confucianism Question: What was an attributing factor that caused kingdoms to lose their Independence during the Han dynasty? Answer: the Rebellion of the Seven States Question: What class did a majority of appointed ministers come from during the Han dynasty? Answer: scholarly gentry
Context: Application of the term "Indian" originated with Christopher Columbus, who, in his search for Asia, thought that he had arrived in the East Indies. The Americas came to be known as the "West Indies", a name still used to refer to the islands of the Caribbean Sea. This led to the names "Indies" and "Indian", which implied some kind of racial or cultural unity among the aboriginal peoples of the Americas. This unifying concept, codified in law, religion, and politics, was not originally accepted by indigenous peoples but has been embraced by many over the last two centuries.[citation needed] Even though the term "Indian" does not include the Aleuts, Inuit, or Yupik peoples, these groups are considered indigenous peoples of the Americas. Question: What incorrect term for the indigenous population originated with Christopher Columbus? Answer: Indian Question: Where did Columbus believe he had arrived? Answer: East Indies Question: Because of Columbus' mistake, the Americas came to be known as what? Answer: West Indies Question: What is implied by the global term of "Indian"? Answer: some kind of racial or cultural unity Question: Despite fitting under the umbrella label of "Indian", Aleuts, Inuit and Yupik peoples are still considered to be what to the Americas? Answer: indigenous
Context: There is a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game in Trinidad and Tobago. Hunting is carried out with firearms, and aided by the use of hounds, with the illegal use of trap guns, trap cages and snare nets. With approximately 12,000 sport hunters applying for hunting licences in recent years (in a very small country of about the size of the state of Delaware at about 5128 square kilometers and 1.3 million inhabitants), there is some concern that the practice might not be sustainable. In addition there are at present no bag limits and the open season is comparatively very long (5 months - October to February inclusive). As such hunting pressure from legal hunters is very high. Added to that, there is a thriving and very lucrative black market for poached wild game (sold and enthusiastically purchased as expensive luxury delicacies) and the numbers of commercial poachers in operation is unknown but presumed to be fairly high. As a result, the populations of the five major mammalian game species (red-rumped agouti, lowland paca, nine-banded armadillo, collared peccary, and red brocket deer) are thought to be quite low (although scientifically conducted population studies are only just recently being conducted as of 2013). It appears that the red brocket deer population has been extirpated on Tobago as a result of over-hunting. Various herons, ducks, doves, the green iguana, the gold tegu, the spectacled caiman and the common opossum are also commonly hunted and poached. There is also some poaching of 'fully protected species', including red howler monkeys and capuchin monkeys, southern tamanduas, Brazilian porcupines, yellow-footed tortoises, Trinidad piping guans and even one of the national birds, the scarlet ibis. Legal hunters pay very small fees to obtain hunting licences and undergo no official basic conservation biology or hunting-ethics training. There is presumed to be relatively very little subsistence hunting in the country (with most hunting for either sport or commercial profit). The local wildlife management authority is under-staffed and under-funded, and as such very little in the way of enforcement is done to uphold existing wildlife management laws, with hunting occurring both in and out of season, and even in wildlife sanctuaries. There is some indication that the government is beginning to take the issue of wildlife management more seriously, with well drafted legislation being brought before Parliament in 2015. It remains to be seen if the drafted legislation will be fully adopted and financially supported by the current and future governments, and if the general populace will move towards a greater awareness of the importance of wildlife conservation and change the culture of wanton consumption to one of sustainable management. Question: Where is there a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game? Answer: Trinidad and Tobago Question: Approximately how many sport hunters applied for hunting licences in recent years? Answer: 12,000 Question: What is there a very lucrative and thriving black market for? Answer: poached wild game Question: What is hunting pressure from? Answer: high Question: What very active tradition Trinidad and Tabago have? Answer: hunting of small to medium-sized wild game Question: What animal aids in the hunting? Answer: hounds Question: What population has extirpated? Answer: red brocket deer Question: What do hunters pay to obtain hunting license? Answer: very small fees Question: What is traded on the black market in Delaware? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the number of poachers located in Delaware? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What training is needed to get a hunting license in Delaware? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the state of the wildlife authority in Delaware? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How often is hunting occurring in Delaware each year? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many of these species have adaptations to help in under-water locomotion. Water beetles and water bugs have legs adapted into paddle-like structures. Dragonfly naiads use jet propulsion, forcibly expelling water out of their rectal chamber. Some species like the water striders are capable of walking on the surface of water. They can do this because their claws are not at the tips of the legs as in most insects, but recessed in a special groove further up the leg; this prevents the claws from piercing the water's surface film. Other insects such as the Rove beetle Stenus are known to emit pygidial gland secretions that reduce surface tension making it possible for them to move on the surface of water by Marangoni propulsion (also known by the German term Entspannungsschwimmen). Question: Water beetles have legs of what type of structure? Answer: paddle-like Question: Dragonflys use what kind of propulsion? Answer: jet Question: Dragonflys shoot water from where? Answer: rectal chamber Question: Water striders have what kind of special groove up their leg? Answer: recessed Question: Rove beetle Stenus emit what type of gland secretions? Answer: pygidial
Context: On 20 February 2001, the bureau announced that a special agent, Robert Hanssen (born 1944) had been arrested for spying for the Soviet Union and then Russia from 1979 to 2001. He is serving 15 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole at ADX Florence, a federal supermax prison near Florence, Colorado. Hanssen was arrested on February 18, 2001 at Foxstone Park near his home in Vienna, Virginia, and was charged with selling US secrets to the USSR and subsequently Russia for more than US$1.4 million in cash and diamonds over a 22-year period. On July 6, 2001, he pleaded guilty to 15 counts of espionage in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. His spying activities have been described by the US Department of Justice's Commission for the Review of FBI Security Programs as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in U.S. history". Question: When did the FBI announce Robert Hanssen's arrest? Answer: 20 February 2001 Question: What was Hanssen arrested for? Answer: spying for the Soviet Union Question: When was Hanssen a spy for Russia/the SU? Answer: 1979 to 2001 Question: How many life time sentences is Hanssen serving? Answer: 15 Question: What much money did Hanssen receive in cash? Answer: $1.4 million Question: Who had spied for the Soviet Union before 1979? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Robert Hanssen die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Hanssen escape custody? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did the FBI pay Hanssen to spy on Russia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who sold Russian secrets to the FBI? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Dell service and support brands include the Dell Solution Station (extended domestic support services, previously "Dell on Call"), Dell Support Center (extended support services abroad), Dell Business Support (a commercial service-contract that provides an industry-certified technician with a lower call-volume than in normal queues), Dell Everdream Desktop Management ("Software as a Service" remote-desktop management, originally a SaaS company founded by Elon Musk's cousin, Lyndon Rive, which Dell bought in 2007), and Your Tech Team (a support-queue available to home users who purchased their systems either through Dell's website or through Dell phone-centers). Question: What is the alternate name for the Dell Solution Station? Answer: Dell on Call Question: What Dell service offers certified technicians to tackle commercial technical support? Answer: Dell Business Support Question: What Dell service offers remote desktop management? Answer: Dell Everdream Desktop Management Question: What is the name of the Dell service that gives home-users a support queue? Answer: Your Tech Team Question: What isn't the alternate name for the Dell Solution Station? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Dell service offers uncertified technicians to tackle commercial technical support? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Dell service offers certified technicians to tackle home technical support? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Dell service never offers remote desktop management? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the Dell service that gives business-users a support queue? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called "pocket veto") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date for adjournment, the president may settle the dispute. Either house or both houses may be called into emergency session by the president. The Vice President serves as president of the Senate, but he may only vote to break a tie. Question: Who can determine a date of adjournment if congress cannot agree? Answer: President Question: Who can call congress into emergency session? Answer: The president Question: Who serves as president of the Senate? Answer: The Vice President Question: How does Congress exercise a check over the President? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has the ability to override any veto made by Congress? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which veto is the only one Congress is able to override with a two thirds majority? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who settles the dispute when the President and Vice President cannot come to an agreement for a date of adjournment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who serves as President of the Senate and is the only member with voting rights? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Perceived quality can be influenced by listening environment (ambient noise), listener attention, and listener training and in most cases by listener audio equipment (such as sound cards, speakers and headphones). Question: A listening environment is also know by which term? Answer: ambient noise Question: Other than speakers and headphones, what other piece of equipment affects the listener's perceived quality? Answer: sound cards Question: Listening environment, listener attention, listener training and listener audio equipment can all affect what kind of quality? Answer: Perceived quality
Context: The return of former player George Graham as manager in 1986 brought a third period of glory. Arsenal won the League Cup in 1987, Graham's first season in charge. This was followed by a League title win in 1988–89, won with a last-minute goal in the final game of the season against fellow title challengers Liverpool. Graham's Arsenal won another title in 1990–91, losing only one match, won the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1993, and a second European trophy, the European Cup Winners' Cup, in 1994. Graham's reputation was tarnished when he was found to have taken kickbacks from agent Rune Hauge for signing certain players, and he was dismissed in 1995. His replacement, Bruce Rioch, lasted for only one season, leaving the club after a dispute with the board of directors. Question: What former Arsenal player became manager in 1986? Answer: George Graham Question: Under the direction of Graham, what trophy did Arsenal win in 1987? Answer: League Cup Question: What competitor did Arsenal defeat to win a league title in the 1988-89 season? Answer: Liverpool Question: In what year did Arsenal win their second European cup? Answer: 1994 Question: What action did Graham get caught doing to get fired by Arsenal? Answer: kickbacks Question: In what year did George Graham first play for Arsenal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the League Cup played in 1987? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was one of the player Rune Hauge gave money to George Graham to sign? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Arsenal beat for their 1990-91 title? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Arsenal beat for their 1994 European Cup match? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: With Lieutenant-General Matthew Ridgway assuming the command of the U.S. Eighth Army on 26 December, the PVA and the KPA launched their Third Phase Offensive (also known as the "Chinese New Year's Offensive") on New Year's Eve of 1950. Utilizing night attacks in which UN Command fighting positions were encircled and then assaulted by numerically superior troops who had the element of surprise, the attacks were accompanied by loud trumpets and gongs, which fulfilled the double purpose of facilitating tactical communication and mentally disorienting the enemy. UN forces initially had no familiarity with this tactic, and as a result some soldiers panicked, abandoning their weapons and retreating to the south. The Chinese New Year's Offensive overwhelmed UN forces, allowing the PVA and KPA to conquer Seoul for the second time on 4 January 1951. Question: What is the Third Phase Offensive also known as? Answer: Chinese New Year's Offensive Question: Why goals were accomplished the the KPA and PVA's use gongs during these attacks? Answer: facilitating tactical communication and mentally disorienting the enemy Question: How did some UN troops react to the use of noise? Answer: some soldiers panicked, abandoning their weapons and retreating to the south Question: What did the PVA and KPA gain by using the tactics during the Third Phase Offensive Answer: Seoul Question: Who was commanding the U.S. Eight Army at the time of the Third Phase Offensive? Answer: Lieutenant-General Matthew Ridgway
Context: The region's economy greatly depends on agriculture; rice and rubber have long been prominent exports. Manufacturing and services are becoming more important. An emerging market, Indonesia is the largest economy in this region. Newly industrialised countries include Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines, while Singapore and Brunei are affluent developed economies. The rest of Southeast Asia is still heavily dependent on agriculture, but Vietnam is notably making steady progress in developing its industrial sectors. The region notably manufactures textiles, electronic high-tech goods such as microprocessors and heavy industrial products such as automobiles. Oil reserves in Southeast Asia are plentiful. Question: What reserves are abundant in Southeast Asia? Answer: Oil reserves Question: Which sector is the Southeast Asia heavily dependent on? Answer: agriculture Question: Of the Southeast Asian countries, which country has the largest economy? Answer: Indonesia Question: Which region manufactures textiles, heavy industrial products & high-tech electronic goods? Answer: Vietnam Question: What is largely dependent on manufactoring? Answer: Unanswerable Question: As an emerging market Indonesia has the smallest what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country is developing more agriculture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What region has limited oil reserves? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing. The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954. Question: When did Arsenal FC leave Highbury stadium? Answer: May 2006 Question: When did Arsenal Stadium at Highbury first become the club's home? Answer: September 1913 Question: What architect designed the original stadium at Highbury? Answer: Archibald Leitch Question: In what decade was Arsenal Stadium overhauled? Answer: 1930s Question: When was the Arsenal stadium bombed? Answer: Second World War Question: In which stadium has Arsenal played since 2006? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who designed Arsenal's new stadium, built in 2006? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Highbury bombed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month in 1913 did Highbury open? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month in 1936 did the Art Deco East stands finish being constructed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political problems. Other historians, notably French historian Pierre Milza, dispute this. On 8 May 1870, shortly before the war, French voters had overwhelmingly supported Napoleon III's program in a national plebiscite, with 7,358,000 votes yes against 1,582,000 votes no, an increase of support of two million votes since the legislative elections in 1869. According to Milza, the Emperor had no need for a war to increase his popularity. Question: Some historians counter that Napolean III sought what? Answer: war Question: Napoleon III belived he would win the Astro-Prussian war and win a conflict with what country? Answer: Prussia Question: It is also argued that Napoleon III thought a war would resolve the growing issue of what? Answer: domestic political problems Question: Before the war, French voters overwhelming supported what program of Napoleon III? Answer: a national plebiscite Question: Who proposed that Emperor needed no war to increase his public appeal? Answer: Milza
Context: With French, Belgian and Portuguese activity in the lower Congo River region undermining orderly incursion of tropical Africa, the Berlin Conference of 1884–85 was held to regulate the competition between the European powers in what was called the "Scramble for Africa" by defining "effective occupation" as the criterion for international recognition of territorial claims. The scramble continued into the 1890s, and caused Britain to reconsider its decision in 1885 to withdraw from Sudan. A joint force of British and Egyptian troops defeated the Mahdist Army in 1896, and rebuffed a French attempted invasion at Fashoda in 1898. Sudan was nominally made an Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, but a British colony in reality. Question: Where did France try to invade in 1898? Answer: Fashoda Question: What army did Britain and Egypt defeat together? Answer: Mahdist Question: When did Britain withdraw from Sudan? Answer: 1885 Question: What was the period of European empires competing to control Africa called? Answer: the "Scramble for Africa" Question: Where was a conference held in 1884 to regulate European competition for Africa? Answer: Berlin
Context: Some copyright owners voluntarily reduce the scope of what is considered infringement by employing relatively permissive, "open" licensing strategies: rather than privately negotiating license terms with individual users who must first seek out the copyright owner and ask for permission, the copyright owner publishes and distributes the work with a prepared license that anyone can use, as long as they adhere to certain conditions. This has the effect of reducing infringement – and the burden on courts – by simply permitting certain types of uses under terms that the copyright owner considers reasonable. Examples include free software licenses, like the GNU General Public License (GPL), and the Creative Commons licenses, which are predominantly applied to visual and literary works. Question: What do some copyright owners do by reducing the scope of infringement? Answer: employing relatively permissive, "open" licensing Question: What must a user do under a prepared license? Answer: adhere to certain conditions Question: Besides lessening the burden on the courts, what is the effect of this license? Answer: reducing infringement Question: What is an example of a free software license? Answer: GNU General Public License Question: What works do Creative Commons licenses generally apply to? Answer: visual and literary works Question: What do some copyright owners do by increasing the scope of infringement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What mustn't a user do under a prepared license? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Besides heightening the burden on the courts, what is the effect of this license? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of a paid software license? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What works do Creative Commons licenses generally not apply to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: With the six consistories, Paul VI continued the internationalization policies started by Pius XII in 1946 and continued by John XXIII. In his 1976 consistory, five of twenty cardinals originated from Africa, one of them a son of a tribal chief with fifty wives. Several prominent Latin Americans like Eduardo Francisco Pironio of Argentina; Luis Aponte Martinez of Puerto Rico and Eugênio de Araújo Sales and Aloisio Lorscheider from Brazil were also elevated by him. There were voices within the Church at the time saying that the European period of the Church was coming to a close, a view shared by Britain's Cardinal Basil Hume. At the same time, the members of the College of Cardinals lost some of their previous influences, after Paul VI decreed, that not only cardinals but also bishops too may participate in committees of the Roman Curia. The age limit of eighty years imposed by the Pope, a numerical increase of Cardinals by almost 100%, and a reform of the regal vestments of the "Princes of the Church" further contributed to a service-oriented perception of Cardinals under his pontificate. The increased number of Cardinals from the Third World and the papal emphasis on related issues was nevertheless welcomed by many in Western Europe. Question: How many cardinals were from Africa in 1976? Answer: five Question: What country did Cardinal Eduardo Francisco Pironi represent? Answer: Argentina Question: What country did Cardinal Araujo Sales represent? Answer: Brazil Question: What group's committees did Paul VI declare both bishops and cardinals could participate in? Answer: Roman Curia Question: What type of clothing did Paul VI enact reform on? Answer: regal vestments
Context: On the exterior, the verticality is emphasised in a major way by the towers and spires and in a lesser way by strongly projecting vertical buttresses, by narrow half-columns called attached shafts which often pass through several storeys of the building, by long narrow windows, vertical mouldings around doors and figurative sculpture which emphasises the vertical and is often attenuated. The roofline, gable ends, buttresses and other parts of the building are often terminated by small pinnacles, Milan Cathedral being an extreme example in the use of this form of decoration. Question: What enhances the vertical look of the exterior of Gothic construction? Answer: the towers and spires Question: What is one design element of Gothic construction that is often terminated by small pinnacles? Answer: The roofline Question: What is another design element of Gothic construction that is often terminated by small pinnacles? Answer: gable ends Question: Which cathedral demonstrates a drastic example of termination with small pinnacles? Answer: Milan Cathedral Question: What other part of Gothic buildings are often found terminated with small pinnacles? Answer: buttresses Question: What hinders the vertical look of the exterior of Gothic construction? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one design element of Gothic construction that is always terminated by small pinnacles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which cathedral demonstrates an impossible structure of small pinnacles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What part of Gothic buildings are often found terminated with enormous pinnacles? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Three Aviva Premiership rugby union teams are based in London, (London Irish, Saracens, and Harlequins), although currently only Harlequins and Saracens play their home games within Greater London. London Scottish and London Welsh play in the RFU Championship club and other rugby union clubs in the city include Richmond F.C., Rosslyn Park F.C., Westcombe Park R.F.C. and Blackheath F.C.. Twickenham Stadium in south-west London is the national rugby union stadium, and has a capacity of 82,000 now that the new south stand has been completed. Question: What is the name of the national rugby union stadium located in South-West London? Answer: Twickenham Stadium Question: What is the current spectator seating capacity of Twickenham Stadium? Answer: 82,000 Question: Of the three Aviva Premiership rugby union teams in London, which ones actually play in the Greater London Area? Answer: Harlequins and Saracens Question: Where do the London Scottish and London Welch rugby teams play their home games? Answer: in the RFU Championship club
Context: From the first established world championship, the top professional wrestlers have garnered fame within mainstream society. Each successive generation has produced a number of wrestlers who extend their careers into the realms of music, acting, writing, business, politics or public speaking, and are known to those who are unfamiliar with wrestling in general. Conversely, celebrities from other sports or general pop culture also become involved with wrestling for brief periods of time. A prime example of this is The Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection of the 1980s, which combined wrestling with MTV. Question: What kind of notoriety have wrestlers achieved? Answer: fame within mainstream society Question: What did the Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection do? Answer: combined wrestling with MTV Question: What are some other career paths wrestlers embarked on? Answer: music, acting, writing, business, politics or public speaking
Context: In May and June 1835, the area which is now central and northern Melbourne was explored by John Batman, a leading member of the Port Phillip Association in Van Diemen's Land (now known as Tasmania), who claimed to have negotiated a purchase of 600,000 acres (2,400 km2) with eight Wurundjeri elders. Batman selected a site on the northern bank of the Yarra River, declaring that "this will be the place for a village". Batman then returned to Launceston in Tasmania. In early August 1835 a different group of settlers, including John Pascoe Fawkner, left Launceston on the ship Enterprize. Fawkner was forced to disembark at Georgetown, Tasmania, because of outstanding debts. The remainder of the party continued and arrived at the mouth of the Yarra River on 15 August 1835. On 30 August 1835 the party disembarked and established a settlement at the site of the current Melbourne Immigration Museum. Batman and his group arrived on 2 September 1835 and the two groups ultimately agreed to share the settlement. Question: Tasmania was formerly known as what? Answer: Van Diemen's Land Question: Current central and northern Melbourne was explored by whom? Answer: John Batman Question: How many acres did John Batman claim to purchase? Answer: 600,000 Question: How many elders did John Batman claim to have negotiated with? Answer: eight Question: On what date did Batman reach Melbourne? Answer: 2 September 1835

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