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Context: It is possible that around 62 million people died in the war; estimates vary greatly. About 60% of all casualties were civilians, who died as a result of disease, starvation, genocide (in particular, the Holocaust), and aerial bombing. The former Soviet Union and China suffered the most casualties. Estimates place deaths in the Soviet Union at around 23 million, while China suffered about 10 million. No country lost a greater portion of its population than Poland: approximately 5.6 million, or 16%, of its pre-war population of 34.8 million died.
Question: What Was estimated amount of deaths during the war?
Answer: 62 million
Question: What percent of the deaths during the war were civilians?
Answer: About 60%
Question: What countries suffered the most casualties in the war?
Answer: The former Soviet Union and China
Question: What percentage of it's population did Poland lose in the war?
Answer: 16%,
Question: How many deaths did the Soviet Union suffer in the war?
Answer: 23 million |
Context: The Nea Moni Monastery on Chios was established by Constantine Monomachos in 1043–1056. The exceptional mosaic decoration of the dome showing probably the nine orders of the angels was destroyed in 1822 but other panels survived (Theotokos with raised hands, four evangelists with seraphim, scenes from Christ's life and an interesting Anastasis where King Salomon bears resemblance to Constantine Monomachos). In comparison with Osios Loukas Nea Moni mosaics contain more figures, detail, landscape and setting.
Question: Where is the Nea Moni Monastery located?
Answer: Chios
Question: Who established the Nea Moni Monastery?
Answer: Constantine Monomachos
Question: When was the Nea Moni Monastery established?
Answer: 1043–1056
Question: When was the mosaic at the Nea Moni Monastery destroyed?
Answer: 1822
Question: The Nea Moni mosaics are more detailed than what what other famous mosaics?
Answer: Osios Loukas |
Context: Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombardi was tuned C, D, A, E, B, G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes. When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan."
Question: Who described the Lombardi mandolin as wider and shorter than the Neoapolitan mandolin?
Answer: Samuel Adelstein
Question: How many strings do the regular mandolin's have?
Answer: 4
Question: What was the Lombardi Mandolin tuned to?
Answer: C, D, A, E, B, G.
Question: How many frets did the Lombardi have?
Answer: 20 frets
Question: How many octaves did the Lombardi cover?
Answer: three octaves
Question: Who described the Lombardi mandolin as longer and narrower than the Neoapolitan mandolin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many strings do the non regular mandolin's have?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the Lombardi Mandolin untuned to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many frets did the Lombardi lack?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many octaves did the Lombardi not cover?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Some agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniques seem to have adopted this lifestyle, abandoning most agriculture, as a way to escape colonial control and as a result of the introduction of European diseases reducing their populations to levels where agriculture became difficult.[citation needed][dubious – discuss]
Question: What do some agriculturalists often do?
Answer: hunt and gather
Question: What do they sometimes do for entertainment?
Answer: go hunting
Question: Why would they leave agricultural lifestyle?
Answer: to escape colonial control
Question: Besides avoiding government controls, what other reason could they have?
Answer: agriculture became difficult
Question: All agriculturalists also what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Others in undeveloped countries go hunting, primarily for what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In the African rainforest, groups continue to rely on what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Groups in what area have accepted colonial control?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Hunting is usually done in the frost-free what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e. an insulator that can store energy by becoming polarized). The conductors can be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or conductive electrolyte, etc. The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.
Question: What was a capacitor originally known as?
Answer: a condenser
Question: How many electrical conductors, or plates, do all capacitors contain at a minimum?
Answer: two electrical conductors
Question: What is the name of the insulator in all capacitors that can store energy by becoming polarized?
Answer: a dielectric
Question: In what form does a capacitor store energy?
Answer: the form of an electrostatic field
Question: Where is the energy stored by a capacitor located?
Answer: between its plates
Question: What was a condenser originally known as?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What has three terminal electrical components?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of the insulator in all capacitors that can't store energy by becoming polarized?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what form does a capacitor never store energy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where is the energy released by a capacitor located?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The architectural history of Estonia mainly reflects its contemporary development in northern Europe. Worth mentioning is especially the architectural ensemble that makes out the medieval old town of Tallinn, which is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. In addition, the country has several unique, more or less preserved hill forts dating from pre-Christian times, a large number of still intact medieval castles and churches, while the countryside is still shaped by the presence of a vast number of manor houses from earlier centuries.
Question: Which medieval town is on the UNESCO World Heritage List?
Answer: Tallinn
Question: When were the preserved hill forts in Estonia built?
Answer: pre-Christian times
Question: What institutional structures still exist from medieval times?
Answer: castles and churches |
Context: In 1797, Patrick Colquhoun was able to persuade the West Indies merchants who operated at the Pool of London on the River Thames, to establish a police force at the docks to prevent rampant theft that was causing annual estimated losses of £500,000 worth of cargo. The idea of a police, as it then existed in France, was considered as a potentially undesirable foreign import. In building the case for the police in the face of England's firm anti-police sentiment, Colquhoun framed the political rationale on economic indicators to show that a police dedicated to crime prevention was "perfectly congenial to the principle of the British constitution." Moreover, he went so far as to praise the French system, which had reached "the greatest degree of perfection" in his estimation.
Question: Who convinced the West Indies merchants in London to establish police?
Answer: Patrick Colquhoun
Question: When did the West Indies merchants in London create a police force?
Answer: 1797
Question: Where did the West Indies merchants in London create a police force?
Answer: docks
Question: How much cargo had been being stolen from West Indies merchants in London each year?
Answer: £500,000
Question: How did Colquhoun praise the French police?
Answer: "the greatest degree of perfection"
Question: Who convinced the East Indies merchants in London to establish police?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the West Indies merchants in London destroy a police force?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did the East Indies merchants in London create a police force?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much cargo had been given from West Indies merchants in London each year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How did Colquhoun reject the French police?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The last days of the Qing Dynasty were marked by civil unrest and foreign invasions. Responding to these civil failures and discontent, the Qing Imperial Court did attempt to reform the government in various ways, such as the decision to draft a constitution in 1906, the establishment of provincial legislatures in 1909, and the preparation for a national parliament in 1910. However, many of these measures were opposed by the conservatives of the Qing Court, and many reformers were either imprisoned or executed outright. The failures of the Imperial Court to enact such reforming measures of political liberalization and modernization caused the reformists to steer toward the road of revolution.
Question: What were the last days of the Qing dynasty marked by?
Answer: civil unrest and foreign invasions.
Question: What did the Qing dynasty attempt to do n the face of civil unrest?
Answer: attempt to reform the government in various
Question: What happened to The reformers in the Qing dynasty?
Answer: either imprisoned or executed outright.
Question: What caused the revolution against the Qing dynasty?
Answer: failures of the Imperial Court to enact such reforming measures of political liberalization and modernization |
Context: At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice. Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure. Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey. Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations. She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £385,000 per year. Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts.
Question: Who was in charge of the Governemnt at the time of Victorias ascession?
Answer: Lord Melbourne
Question: What was the name of the Whig Prime minister at the time of Victorias ascession?
Answer: Lord Melbourne
Question: When was Queen Victorias coronation held?
Answer: 28 June 1838
Question: Where was Victorias coronation held?
Answer: Westminster Abbey
Question: How many visitors came to London for Victorias coronation?
Answer: Over 400,000
Question: What Whig was prime minister during Victoria's accession?
Answer: Lord Melbourne
Question: Who thought that Melbourne saw Victoria as if she was his daughter?
Answer: Charles Greville
Question: When did Victoria's coronation take place at Westminster Abbey?
Answer: 28 June 1838
Question: How many people visited London for the Coronation of Queen Victoria?
Answer: 400,000
Question: What was Victoria's allowance upon becoming Queen?
Answer: £385,000 per year
Question: Who was leading the government at the time of Victoria's accension?
Answer: Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne
Question: What kind of influence was Melbourne to Victoria?
Answer: powerful
Question: When was Victoria's coronation?
Answer: 28 June 1838
Question: What major accomplishment did Victoria achieve with her civil list allowance?
Answer: she paid off her father's debts
Question: Where did Queen Victoria reside?
Answer: Buckingham Palace
Question: Who was in charge of the Government at the time of Victorias fall?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the name of the Whig Prime minister at the time of Victorias fall?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When wasn't Queen Victorias coronation held?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where wasn't Victorias coronation held?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many visitors left London for Victorias coronation?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Ireland and the United Kingdom are both part of the European Union (EU). The Crown Dependencies are not a part of the EU however do participate in certain aspects that were negotiated as a part of the UK's accession to the EU. Neither the United Kingdom or Ireland are part of the Schengen area, that allow passport-free travel between EU members states. However, since the partition of Ireland, an informal free-travel area had existed across the region. In 1997, this area required formal recognition during the course of negotiations for the Amsterdam Treaty of the European Union and is now known as the Common Travel Area.
Question: The United Kingdom is part of what union?
Answer: European Union (EU)
Question: What does the Schengen area allow in the European Union?
Answer: passport-free travel between EU members states
Question: When was a free-travel area created betwen Northern Ireland and Ireland?
Answer: 1997
Question: This free-travel area in Ireland is now called what?
Answer: Common Travel Area
Question: Ireland and the Crown Dependencies are part of what union?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of travel does the Amsterdam Treaty area allow?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Both the United Kingdom and Ireland are part of what area?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: A formal free-travel area has existed across the region since when?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Since 1997 the area has required informal recognition and has become known as what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Romans liked bright colors, and many Roman villas were decorated with vivid red murals. The pigment used for many of the murals was called vermilion, and it came from the mineral cinnabar, a common ore of mercury. It was one of the finest reds of ancient times – the paintings have retained their brightness for more than twenty centuries. The source of cinnabar for the Romans was a group of mines near Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain. Working in the mines was extremely dangerous, since mercury is highly toxic; the miners were slaves or prisoners, and being sent to the cinnabar mines was a virtual death sentence.
Question: What pigment was used to paint villas in ancient Rome?
Answer: vermilion
Question: From where did vermilion originate?
Answer: the mineral cinnabar
Question: Cinnabar is an ore of what metal?
Answer: mercury
Question: What mines did Romans use to acquire cinnabar?
Answer: Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain
Question: Along with slaves, who was sent to work in cinnabar mines in Rome?
Answer: prisoners
Question: What color were Roman villas painted?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the pigment called that was used for the painting of Roman villas?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is Mercury a common ore of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What city is southwest of Almaden?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The change in political structure led to the inevitable development of the peasant class or smerdy. The smerdy were free un-landed people that found work by labouring for wages on the manors which began to develop around 1031 as the verv' began to dominate socio-political structure. The smerdy were initially given equality in the Kievian law code, they were theoretically equal to the prince, so they enjoyed as much freedom as can be expected of manual labourers. However, in the 13th century they began to slowly lose their rights and became less equal in the eyes of the law.
Question: What eventually led to the creation of the peasant/smerdy class?
Answer: change in political structure
Question: When did wages on the manors develop?
Answer: 1031
Question: What were the smerdy initially given in the Kievian law code?
Answer: given equality
Question: What lead to the eventual destruction of the peasant/smerdy class?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who were the free landed people that worked by labouring for wages?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was not given equality in the Kievian law code?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was theoretically not equal to the prince?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who began to slowly gain their rights and become more equal in the eyes of the law?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Major sporting venues in New Delhi include the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Ambedkar Stadium, Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex, Dhyan Chand National Stadium and Siri Fort Sports Complex.
Question: What major tennis stadium is located in New Delhi?
Answer: R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex
Question: What major sports venue in New Delhi bears the name of the former prime minister Indira Gandhi?
Answer: Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium
Question: The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is located in which Indian city?
Answer: New Delhi
Question: In which Indian city is the Siri Fort Sports Complex located?
Answer: New Delhi
Question: The Dhyan Chand National Stadium is located in which major Indian city?
Answer: New Delhi |
Context: Austrian-born Adolf Hitler had a lifelong romantic fascination with the Alps and by the 1930s established a home in the Obersalzberg region outside of Berchtesgaden. His first visit to the area was in 1923 and he maintained a strong tie there until the end of his life. At the end of World War II the US Army occupied Obersalzberg, to prevent Hitler from retreating with the Wehrmacht into the mountains.
Question: Where was Adolf Hitler born?
Answer: Austrian
Question: What did Adolf Hitler have a lifelong romantic fascination with?
Answer: the Alps
Question: Where did Adolf Hitler establish a home in the 1930s?
Answer: the Obersalzberg region
Question: When was Adolf Hitlers first visit to the Alps?
Answer: 1923 |
Context: Seismology: To better prepare for calamities, Zhang Heng invented a seismometer in 132 CE which provided instant alert to authorities in the capital Luoyang that an earthquake had occurred in a location indicated by a specific cardinal or ordinal direction. Although no tremors could be felt in the capital when Zhang told the court that an earthquake had just occurred in the northwest, a message came soon afterwards that an earthquake had indeed struck 400 km (248 mi) to 500 km (310 mi) northwest of Luoyang (in what is now modern Gansu). Zhang called his device the 'instrument for measuring the seasonal winds and the movements of the Earth' (Houfeng didong yi 候风地动仪), so-named because he and others thought that earthquakes were most likely caused by the enormous compression of trapped air. See Zhang's seismometer for further details.
Question: What was invented in 132 CE?
Answer: a seismometer
Question: What occurrence is measured by a seismometer?
Answer: an earthquake
Question: What is the Chinese name for a seismometer?
Answer: Houfeng didong yi
Question: What did the Chinese caused earthquakes?
Answer: enormous compression of trapped air
Question: What was Luoyang renamed to?
Answer: Gansu |
Context: In 2000, Dell announced that it would lease 80,000 square feet (7,400 m2) of space in the Las Cimas office complex in unincorporated Travis County, Texas, between Austin and West Lake Hills, to house the company's executive offices and corporate headquarters. 100 senior executives were scheduled to work in the building by the end of 2000. In January 2001, the company leased the space in Las Cimas 2, located along Loop 360. Las Cimas 2 housed Dell's executives, the investment operations, and some corporate functions. Dell also had an option for 138,000 square feet (12,800 m2) of space in Las Cimas 3. After a slowdown in business required reducing employees and production capacity, Dell decided to sublease its offices in two buildings in the Las Cimas office complex. In 2002 Dell announced that it planned to sublease its space to another tenant; the company planned to move its headquarters back to Round Rock once a tenant was secured. By 2003, Dell moved its headquarters back to Round Rock. It leased all of Las Cimas I and II, with a total of 312,000 square feet (29,000 m2), for about a seven-year period after 2003. By that year roughly 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) of that space was absorbed by new subtenants.
Question: How much space did Dell lease in Texas?
Answer: 80,000 square feet
Question: How many senior executives were slated to work in the building Dell leased?
Answer: 100
Question: What year did Dell announce its plans to sublease its building?
Answer: 2002
Question: Where did Dell move its headquarters back to in 2003?
Answer: Round Rock
Question: What was the total amount of space that Dell leased in Las Cimas 1 and 2?
Answer: 312,000 square feet
Question: How much space did Dell sell in Texas?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many minor executives were slated to work in the building Dell leased?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year did Dell announce its plans to buy its building?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Dell move its headquarters back to in 2004?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the total amount of space that Dell leased in Las Cimas 2 and 3?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single "Déjà Vu", featuring Jay Z, reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The second international single "Irreplaceable" was a commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States. B'Day also produced three other singles; "Ring the Alarm", "Get Me Bodied", and "Green Light" (released in the United Kingdom only).
Question: How many albums did Beyonce sell in the first week when she released her second album?
Answer: 541,000
Question: The lead single from the album was which song?
Answer: Déjà Vu
Question: How many countries did her song "Irreplaceable" get number one status in?
Answer: five
Question: How many singles did her second album produce?
Answer: five
Question: What birthday did Beyonce's album B'Day celebrate?
Answer: twenty-fifth birthday
Question: What artist did Beyonce duet with in the single, "Deja Vu''?
Answer: Jay Z
Question: How high did ''Deja Vu'' climb on the Billboard chart?
Answer: top five
Question: What is the name of Beyoncé's second album?
Answer: B'Day
Question: How many copies did B'Day sell during the first week of its release?
Answer: 541,000
Question: Who collaborated with Beyoncé on the single, Deja Vu?
Answer: Jay Z
Question: Which single from B'Day was only released in the U.K.?
Answer: Green Light |
Context: In the last two decades, photovoltaics (PV), also known as solar PV, has evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source. A solar cell is a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric effect. The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s. In 1931 a German engineer, Dr Bruno Lange, developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide. Although the prototype selenium cells converted less than 1% of incident light into electricity, both Ernst Werner von Siemens and James Clerk Maxwell recognized the importance of this discovery. Following the work of Russell Ohl in the 1940s, researchers Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin created the crystalline silicon solar cell in 1954. These early solar cells cost 286 USD/watt and reached efficiencies of 4.5–6%. By 2012 available efficiencies exceed 20% and the maximum efficiency of research photovoltaics is over 40%.
Question: In the 1880s, who constructed the first solar cell?
Answer: Charles Fritts
Question: In what year was the crystalline silicon solar cell constructed?
Answer: 1954
Question: What has happened to photovoltaic in the past 20 years?
Answer: evolved from a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source
Question: What is a solar cell?
Answer: a device that converts light directly into electricity
Question: Who created the first solar cell?
Answer: Charles Fritts
Question: Who created the first solar cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide?
Answer: Dr Bruno Lange
Question: Who created the crystalline silicon solar cell?
Answer: Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin |
Context: Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions, which they consider a violation of God's law based on their interpretation of Acts 15:28, 29 and other scriptures. Since 1961 the willing acceptance of a blood transfusion by an unrepentant member has been grounds for expulsion from the religion. Members are directed to refuse blood transfusions, even in "a life-or-death situation". Jehovah's Witnesses accept non-blood alternatives and other medical procedures in lieu of blood transfusions, and their literature provides information about non-blood medical procedures.
Question: What biblical passage informs Jehovah Witnesses' refusal of blood transfusions?
Answer: Acts 15:28, 29
Question: What is grounds for expulsion from Jehovah Witnesses, since 1961?
Answer: willing acceptance of a blood transfusion
Question: What do Jehovah Witnesses accept in lieu of blood transfusions?
Answer: non-blood alternatives
Question: What does Jehovah Witnesses' literature provide about non-blood medical procedures?
Answer: information
Question: What is one of the Protestant religions who don't see blood transfusions as a big deal?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the first non-blood alternative developed for blood transfusions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses have died in the past decade due to their refusal of blood transfusions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses have been expelled in the past decade for accepting a blood transfusion?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: London i/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south eastern part of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval boundaries and in 2011 had a resident population of 7,375, making it the smallest city in England. Since at least the 19th century, the term London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms Greater London,[note 1] a region of England governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.[note 2] The conurbation also covers two English counties: the small district of the City of London and the county of Greater London. The latter constitutes the vast majority of London, though historically it was split between Middlesex (a now abolished county), Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire.
Question: As of 2011 what was the population of the core of London?
Answer: 7,375
Question: On what river is London situated?
Answer: River Thames
Question: What was London's original name, as founded by the Romans?
Answer: Londinium
Question: What bodies govern Greater London?
Answer: the Mayor of London and the London Assembly
Question: What is the approximate area of the core of the City of London?
Answer: 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) |
Context: On May 12, 2009, China marked the first anniversary of the quake with a moment of silence as people across the nation remembered the dead. The government also opened access to the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat for three days, after which it will be frozen in time as a state earthquake relic museum, to remind people of the terrible disaster. There were also several concerts across the country to raise money for the survivors of the quake.
Question: What was done for the anniversary?
Answer: a moment of silence
Question: Where did the government open access to?
Answer: the sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat
Question: How long was it opened for?
Answer: three days
Question: What did China do to mark the first anniversary of the quake?
Answer: a moment of silence
Question: What will the Beichuan county seat be used for?
Answer: earthquake relic museum
Question: What kind of event were given to raise money for quake survivors?
Answer: several concerts
Question: What is the Beichuan museum meant to remind people of?
Answer: the terrible disaster |
Context: Roman canon law had been criticized by the Presbyterians as early as 1572 in the Admonition to Parliament. The protest centered on the standard defense that canon law could be retained so long as it did not contradict the civil law. According to Polly Ha, the Reformed Church Government refuted this claiming that the bishops had been enforcing canon law for 1500 years.
Question: What group took issue with the Roman canons?
Answer: the Presbyterians
Question: In what year was there documented criticism of Roman church law by Presbyterians?
Answer: 1572
Question: To whom did Presbyterians complain in 1572?
Answer: Parliament
Question: For how long did the Reformed Church state that canon had been administered by members of the church?
Answer: 1500 years
Question: Which church officials were responsible for the administration of canon law?
Answer: bishops
Question: What group supported roaming cannons?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Presbyterians criticize in the fifteenth century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who claimed the bishops have been enforcing canon law for 2000 years?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The plains at the foot of the Sierra Madre Occidental is an elongated mesa known as Altiplanicie Mexicana that exhibits a steppe climate and serves as a transition zone from the mountain climate in the western part of the state to the desert climate in the eastern side of the state. The steppe zone accounts for a third of the state's area, and it experiences pronounced dry and wet seasons. The pronounced rainy season in the steppe is usually observed in the months of July, August, and September. The steppe also encounters extreme temperatures that often reach over 100 °F in the summer and drop below 32 °F in the winter. The steppe zone is an important agriculture zone due to an extensive development of canals exploiting several rivers that flow down from the mountains. The steppe zone is the most populated area of the state.
Question: Which months make up the pronounced rainy season in the steppe?
Answer: July, August, and September
Question: The steppe reaches temperatures above what in the winter?
Answer: 100 °F
Question: The steppe is important agriculturally because of what feature?
Answer: canals
Question: The mountain climate is found in which part of the state?
Answer: western |
Context: To counter the trend towards low-density suburban residential growth, the government began a series of controversial public housing projects in the inner city by the Housing Commission of Victoria, which resulted in demolition of many neighbourhoods and a proliferation of high-rise towers. In later years, with the rapid rise of motor vehicle ownership, the investment in freeway and highway developments greatly accelerated the outward suburban sprawl and declining inner city population. The Bolte government sought to rapidly accelerate the modernisation of Melbourne. Major road projects including the remodelling of St Kilda Junction, the widening of Hoddle Street and then the extensive 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan changed the face of the city into a car-dominated environment.
Question: Investment in what greatly accelerated the outward suburban sprawn and declining inner city population?
Answer: freeway and highway developments
Question: Which government sought to rapidly accelerate the modernisation of Melbourne?
Answer: Bolte
Question: The widening of what street helped to change the face of Melbourne into a car-dominated environment?
Answer: Hoddle Street
Question: Did the 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan change Melbourne into a more car-dominated or tram-dominated environment?
Answer: car-dominated
Question: Did the rapid rise of motor vehicle ownership and highway developments lead to an increasing or declining inner city population?
Answer: declining |
Context: Some early male settlers married Indigenous American women and had informal unions with them. Early contact between Indigenous Americans and Europeans was often charged with tension, but also had moments of friendship, cooperation, and intimacy. Marriages took place in both English and Latin colonies between European men and Native women. For instance, on April 5, 1614, Pocahontas, a Powhatan woman in present-day Virginia, married the Englishman John Rolfe of Jamestown. Their son Thomas Rolfe was an ancestor to many descendants in First Families of Virginia. As a result, English laws did not exclude people with some Indigenous American ancestry from being considered English or white.
Question: When was the wedding of Rolfe and Pocahontas?
Answer: April 5, 1614
Question: What did English laws not exclude people with some native blood from being?
Answer: considered English or white
Question: Who married Indigenous women early on?
Answer: male settlers
Question: Where did Rolfe marry Pocahontas?
Answer: present-day Virginia
Question: Who was an ancestor of the First Families of Virginia?
Answer: Thomas Rolfe
Question: Who did some early female settlers marry?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was later contact between Indigenous Americans and Europeans like?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did no marriages take place between European men and Native women?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was John Rolfe divorced from Pocahontas?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was an ancestor to many First Families of North Carolina?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Carpet-weaving is historically a major traditional profession for the majority of Armenian women, including many Armenian families. Prominent Karabakh carpet weavers there were men too. The oldest extant Armenian carpet from the region, referred to as Artsakh (see also Karabakh carpet) during the medieval era, is from the village of Banants (near Gandzak) and dates to the early 13th century. The first time that the Armenian word for carpet, gorg, was used in historical sources was in a 1242–1243 Armenian inscription on the wall of the Kaptavan Church in Artsakh.
Question: What job do many Armenian women traditionally do?
Answer: Carpet-weaving
Question: When is the earliest known Armenian carpet from?
Answer: early 13th century
Question: Where is the earliest known Armenian carpet from?
Answer: the village of Banants (near Gandzak)
Question: What is 'gorg'?
Answer: the Armenian word for carpet
Question: Where is the earliest known use of 'gorg'?
Answer: in a 1242–1243 Armenian inscription on the wall of the Kaptavan Church in Artsakh
Question: What is the Armenian word for weaving?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the first time the word for weaving was used?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the traditional profession of Kaptavians?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the earliest medieval church founded?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where is the earliest medieval church from?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Due to its location in the Pacific Ring of Fire, Seattle is in a major earthquake zone. On February 28, 2001, the magnitude 6.8 Nisqually earthquake did significant architectural damage, especially in the Pioneer Square area (built on reclaimed land, as are the Industrial District and part of the city center), but caused only one fatality. Other strong quakes occurred on January 26, 1700 (estimated at 9 magnitude), December 14, 1872 (7.3 or 7.4), April 13, 1949 (7.1), and April 29, 1965 (6.5). The 1965 quake caused three deaths in Seattle directly, and one more by heart failure. Although the Seattle Fault passes just south of the city center, neither it nor the Cascadia subduction zone has caused an earthquake since the city's founding. The Cascadia subduction zone poses the threat of an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or greater, capable of seriously damaging the city and collapsing many buildings, especially in zones built on fill.
Question: What hazardous geologic area does Seattle inhabit?
Answer: Pacific Ring of Fire
Question: What was the magnitude of the Nisqually quake?
Answer: 6.8
Question: On what date did the Nisqually earthquake occur that damaged the Pioneer Square area?
Answer: February 28, 2001
Question: What is the amount of magnitude possible on the Cascadia subduction zone?
Answer: 9.0 or greater
Question: What type of land area is at most risk of earthquake damage?
Answer: reclaimed land |
Context: Juscelino Kubitschek, President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961, ordered the construction of Brasília, fulfilling the promise of the Constitution and his own political campaign promise. Building Brasília was part of Juscelino's "fifty years of prosperity in five" plan. Lúcio Costa won a contest and was the main urban planner in 1957, with 5550 people competing. Oscar Niemeyer, a close friend, was the chief architect of most public buildings and Roberto Burle Marx was the landscape designer. Brasília was built in 41 months, from 1956 to April 21, 1960, when it was officially inaugurated.
Question: When did Kubitschek become President of Brazil?
Answer: 1956
Question: When did Kubitschek leave office?
Answer: 1961
Question: Who ordered Brasilia be built?
Answer: Juscelino Kubitschek
Question: How many people competed to be Brasilia's urban planner?
Answer: 5550
Question: When was Brasilia inaugurated?
Answer: April 21, 1960
Question: During what time period was Lucio Costa President of Brazil?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Oscar Niemeyer cause to be constructed in Brazil?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many people competed in a contest to help build the city in 1956?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Brasilia's Constitution made official?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Lucio Costa's plan to build Brasilia called?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard language. Karadžić standardised the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, and Gaj and Daničić standardized the Croatian Latin alphabet, on the basis of vernacular speech phonemes and the principle of phonological spelling. In 1850 Serbian and Croatian writers and linguists signed the Vienna Literary Agreement, declaring their intention to create a unified standard. Thus a complex bi-variant language appeared, which the Serbs officially called "Serbo-Croatian" or "Serbian or Croatian" and the Croats "Croato-Serbian", or "Croatian or Serbian". Yet, in practice, the variants of the conceived common literary language served as different literary variants, chiefly differing in lexical inventory and stylistic devices. The common phrase describing this situation was that Serbo-Croatian or "Croatian or Serbian" was a single language. During the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the language of all three nations was called "Bosnian" until the death of administrator von Kállay in 1907, at which point the name was changed to "Serbo-Croatian".
Question: Which dialect did writers and linguists of both Serbian and Croatian backgrounds wish to use as their common standard language?
Answer: Shtokavian
Question: Why was Shtokavian suggested as a common language base?
Answer: most widespread dialect
Question: What 1850 document formally declared the intent to create a unified standard?
Answer: Vienna Literary Agreement
Question: After whose death in 1907 was the "Bosnian" name changed to "Serbo-Creation"?
Answer: administrator von Kállay
Question: In 1850 what dialect did Serbian and Croatian writers propose to use as a standard language?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Ljudevit Gaj standardize in the Serbian language?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: On what basis was Shtokavian standardized?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In the mid 19th century who signed the Vienna Literary Agreement?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the signers of the Shtokavian declare?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.
Question: What is the sort of circular imperfection in a piece of wood called?
Answer: knot
Question: What property of wood does a knot usually reduce in the wood around it?
Answer: strength
Question: In what direction is wood often sawn so that a knot appears as a solid circle that the grain flows around?
Answer: longitudinally
Question: Are knots usually lighter or darker than the surrounding wood?
Answer: darker
Question: The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood?
Answer: 90 |
Context: In response to the 1966 ruling by the International Court of Justice, South-West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) military wing, People's Liberation Army of Namibia, a guerrilla group began their armed struggle for independence, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its occupation of Namibia, in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. During the South African occupation of Namibia, white commercial farmers, most of whom came as settlers from South Africa and represented 0.2% of the national population, owned 74% of the arable land. Outside the central-southern area of Namibia (known as the "Police Zone" since the German era and which contained the main towns, industries, mines and best arable land), the country was divided into "homelands", the version of South African bantustan applied to Namibia, although only a few were actually established because indigenous Namibians often did not cooperate.
Question: Which guerrilla group fought for Namibia's independence?
Answer: People's Liberation Army of Namibia
Question: When did a guerrilla group fight for Namibia's independence?
Answer: 1966
Question: When did South Africa end occupation of Namibia?
Answer: 1988
Question: Why did South Africa end occupation in Namibia?
Answer: UN peace plan
Question: What is the central-southern area of Namibia known as?
Answer: Police Zone
Question: In what year was the South-West Africa People's Organization started?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of the population Of South Africa was white people?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much of South Africa's arable land did white people control?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did the UN start developing a peace plan for the whole region?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline. The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose. According to the government of Botswana, trophy hunting is at least partly to blame for this, but many other factors, such as poaching, drought and habitat loss are also to blame. Uganda recently did the same, arguing that "the share of benefits of sport hunting were lopsided and unlikely to deter poaching or improve [Uganda's] capacity to manage the wildlife reserves."
Question: Why has Botswana been forced to ban trophy hunting altogether?
Answer: a precipitous wildlife decline
Question: What plummeting numbers of this species caused a decline in predator numbers?
Answer: antelope
Question: What species saw its numbers rising while elephant numbers remained stable?
Answer: hippopotamus
Question: What factors other than trophy hunting are responsible for the decline of wildlife in Botswana?
Answer: poaching, drought and habitat loss
Question: What other African country has also recently banned trophy hunting?
Answer: Uganda
Question: What Botswana was resently forced to do?
Answer: ban trophy hunting
Question: What animal declined across Botswana?
Answer: antelope
Question: What animal numbers have increased in Botswana?
Answer: hippopotamus
Question: What animal numbers remain stable in Botswana?
Answer: elephant
Question: What else is partly to blame for the declining number of animals in Botswana and Uganda?
Answer: poaching
Question: What happened to antelope in Uganda?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happened in Uganda after antelope numbers fell?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How was the elephant population in Uganda?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What animal population increased in Uganda?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Botswana argue sport hunting wouldn't be able to stop?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: On October 1, 2011, Kanye West premiered his women's fashion label, DW Kanye West at Paris Fashion Week. He received support from DSquared2 duo Dean and Dan Caten, Olivier Theyskens, Jeremy Scott, Azzedine Alaïa, and the Olsen twins, who were also in attendance during his show. His debut fashion show received mixed-to-negative reviews, ranging from reserved observations by Style.com to excoriating commentary by The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, the International Herald Tribune, Elleuk.com, The Daily Telegraph, Harper's Bazaar and many others. On March 6, 2012, West premiered a second fashion line at Paris Fashion Week. The line's reception was markedly improved from the previous presentation, with a number of critics heralding West for his "much improved" sophomore effort.
Question: Form whom was Kanye's 2011 fashion label designed for?
Answer: women
Question: What kind of reviews did Kanye's fashion line spark?
Answer: mixed-to-negative reviews
Question: When did Kanye debut his second effort in the fashion world?
Answer: March 6, 2012
Question: On what day was Kanye's women's clothing line debuted?
Answer: October 1, 2011
Question: What was the name of Kanye West's women's clothing line?
Answer: DW Kanye West
Question: On what day was Kanye's women's line premiered at Paris fashion week?
Answer: October 1, 2011
Question: What was the name of West's fashion line for women?
Answer: DW Kanye West
Question: The fashion line shown in Paris received what sort of reviews?
Answer: mixed-to-negative
Question: On what day did West release his second fashion line?
Answer: March 6, 2012 |
Context: Following the earthquake, donations were made by people from all over mainland China, with booths set up in schools, at banks, and around gas stations. People also donated blood, resulting in according to Xinhua long line-ups in most major Chinese cities. Many donated through text messaging on mobile phones to accounts set up by China Unicom and China Mobile By May 16, the Chinese government had allocated a total of $772 million for earthquake relief so far, up sharply from $159 million from May 14.
Question: What was also donated?
Answer: blood
Question: What companies received the money?
Answer: China Unicom and China Mobile
Question: After the quake, people from where in China made donations?
Answer: all over mainland China
Question: What caused long lines in most major cities?
Answer: donated blood
Question: What were the Chinese setting up to take in donations?
Answer: booths
Question: How did a lot of people donate using mobile phones?
Answer: text messaging
Question: How much had the Chinese government designated by May 16?
Answer: $772 million |
Context: Although Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical improvisation, from the Baroque era to the Romantic era, there are examples of performers who could improvise in the style of their era. In the Baroque era, organ performers would improvise preludes, keyboard performers playing harpsichord would improvise chords from the figured bass symbols beneath the bass notes of the basso continuo part and both vocal and instrumental performers would improvise musical ornaments. J.S. Bach was particularly noted for his complex improvisations. During the Classical era, the composer-performer Mozart was noted for his ability to improvise melodies in different styles. During the Classical era, some virtuoso soloists would improvise the cadenza sections of a concerto. During the Romantic era, Beethoven would improvise at the piano. For more information, see Improvisation.
Question: Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical what?
Answer: improvisation
Question: In the Baroque era, who would improvise preludes?
Answer: organ performers
Question: Who would improvise musical ornaments in the Baroque era?
Answer: instrumental performers
Question: Who was noted for his complex improvisations?
Answer: J.S. Bach
Question: What was Mozart noted for?
Answer: his ability to improvise melodies in different styles |
Context: Burke was a leading sceptic with respect to democracy. While admitting that theoretically, in some cases it might be desirable, he insisted a democratic government in Britain in his day would not only be inept, but also oppressive. He opposed democracy for three basic reasons. First, government required a degree of intelligence and breadth of knowledge of the sort that occurred rarely among the common people. Second, he thought that if they had the vote, common people had dangerous and angry passions that could be aroused easily by demagogues; he feared that the authoritarian impulses that could be empowered by these passions would undermine cherished traditions and established religion, leading to violence and confiscation of property. Third, Burke warned that democracy would create a tyranny over unpopular minorities, who needed the protection of the upper classes.
Question: What type of government did Burke think would be inept?
Answer: democratic
Question: For how many reasons did Burke oppose democracy?
Answer: three
Question: What did Burke think could arouse common people's dangerous passions?
Answer: demagogues
Question: What type of impulses did Burke think could gain power through commoners' passions?
Answer: authoritarian
Question: Who did Burke think protected unpopular minorities?
Answer: the upper classes
Question: What type of government system did Burke favor?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many reasons did Burke present for the intelligence of the common people?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What group did Burke believe would instigate passions of demagogues?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did Burke say unpopular minorities protected?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Burke say established religion undermined?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Passive air defence is defined by NATO as "Passive measures taken for the physical defence and protection of personnel, essential installations and equipment in order to minimize the effectiveness of air and/or missile attack". It remains a vital activity by ground forces and includes camouflage and concealment to avoid detection by reconnaissance and attacking aircraft. Measures such as camouflaging important buildings were common in the Second World War. During the Cold War the runways and taxiways of some airfields were painted green.
Question: What does NATO define as passive measures to protect people, buildings and equipment from air or missile attacks?
Answer: Passive air defence
Question: Which group is heavily responsible for passive air defence?
Answer: ground forces
Question: Passive air defence includes camouflage and what?
Answer: concealment
Question: What was camouflaged during World War II?
Answer: important buildings
Question: Some airfield runways were painted green during what war?
Answer: the Cold War |
Context: By the turn of the 20th century, fears had begun to grow in Britain that it would no longer be able to defend the metropole and the entirety of the empire while at the same time maintaining the policy of "splendid isolation". Germany was rapidly rising as a military and industrial power and was now seen as the most likely opponent in any future war. Recognising that it was overstretched in the Pacific and threatened at home by the Imperial German Navy, Britain formed an alliance with Japan in 1902 and with its old enemies France and Russia in 1904 and 1907, respectively.
Question: Which country seemed like Britain's most likely threat in the early 20th century?
Answer: Germany
Question: Which country did Britain ally with in 1902?
Answer: Japan
Question: Which country did Britain ally with in 1904?
Answer: France
Question: Which country did Britain ally with in 1907?
Answer: Russia |
Context: Tucson's Sun Tran bus system serves greater Tucson with standard, express, regional shuttle, and on-demand shuttle bus service. It was awarded Best Transit System in 1988 and 2005. A 3.9-mile streetcar line, Sun Link, connects the University of Arizona campus with 4th Avenue, downtown, and the Mercado District west of Interstate 10 and the Santa Cruz River. Ten-minute headway passenger service began July 25, 2014. The streetcar utilizes Sun Tran's card payment and transfer system, connecting with the University of Arizona's CatTran shuttles, Amtrak, and Greyhound intercity bus service.
Question: How long is the Sun Link?
Answer: 3.9-mile
Question: What is Tucson's bus system called?
Answer: Sun Tran
Question: What transit systems does Sun Link connect to?
Answer: the University of Arizona's CatTran shuttles, Amtrak, and Greyhound intercity bus service
Question: When did Tucson get a 'Best Transit System' award?
Answer: 1988 and 2005
Question: What kind of vehicles operate on the Sun Link?
Answer: streetcar |
Context: Within each province are communities (hamaynkner, singular hamaynk). Each community is self-governing and consists of one or more settlements (bnakavayrer, singular bnakavayr). Settlements are classified as either towns (kaghakner, singular kaghak) or villages (gyugher, singular gyugh). As of 2007[update], Armenia includes 915 communities, of which 49 are considered urban and 866 are considered rural. The capital, Yerevan, also has the status of a community. Additionally, Yerevan is divided into twelve semi-autonomous districts.
Question: How many hamaynkner does Armenia have?
Answer: 915
Question: How many districts does Yerevan have?
Answer: twelve
Question: Does Armenia have more rural or uban hamaynker?
Answer: rural
Question: What is the Armenian term for settlment?
Answer: bnakavayr |
Context: There were 15,848 households out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.8% were married couples living together, 23.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.1% were non-families. 37.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.26.
Question: How many households had children under the age of 18 living with them?
Answer: 27.7%
Question: How many households were there in Atlantic City?
Answer: 15,848
Question: How many households were made up of individuals?
Answer: 37.2%
Question: What was the average household size in Atlantic City?
Answer: 2.46
Question: What was the average family size in Atlantic City?
Answer: 3.26 |
Context: An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers. UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing. However, for those leagues with four entrants in the Champions League, this meant that if the Champions League winner finished outside the top four in its domestic league, it would qualify at the expense of the fourth-placed team in the league. No association can have more than four entrants in the Champions League. This occurred in 2012, when Chelsea – who had won the Champions League the previous year, but finished sixth in the league – qualified for the Champions League in place of Tottenham Hotspur, who went into the Europa League.
Question: Which team did not qualifty for Champions League in 2005 but was able to particpate?
Answer: UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League
Question: Did the Liverpool Club place in the Champions League in 2005?
Answer: in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place
Question: How many qualifiers did England have for the Champions League in 2005?
Answer: UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers.
Question: Do defending champtions get to play in the following year's Champions League if they don't have enough wins to qualify
Answer: UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing.
Question: How many winning teams from an association can participate in the Champions League?
Answer: No association can have more than four entrants in the Champions League
Question: Which team received special dispensation from the UEFA in 2005 so they could enter the Champions League?
Answer: Liverpool
Question: Who did UEFA rule should automatically qualify for the Champions League?
Answer: the defending champions
Question: At which team's expense does the previous champion's automatic entry into the Champions League without placing in the top four come?
Answer: the fourth-placed team
Question: In 2012, which team was automatically qualified for the champion's league even though they did not place in the top four?
Answer: Chelsea
Question: Which team was denied entry into the Champions League in 2012 due to being bumped out of the running by the defending champion?
Answer: Tottenham Hotspur
Question: During the 2012 season, Liverpool was given special dispensation to enter which league?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Associations can have no more than five entrants in which league?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In which year did an exception to the usual Chelsea qualifying system happen?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did Tottenham Hotspur qualify in place of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In 2005, Chelsea qualified for the Champions League in place of who?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: On 6 August 1940, Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union as the Estonian SSR. The provisions in the Estonian constitution requiring a popular referendum to decide on joining a supra-national body were ignored. Instead the vote to join the Soviet Union was taken by those elected in the elections held the previous month. Additionally those who had failed to do their "political duty" of voting Estonia into the USSR, specifically those who had failed to have their passports stamped for voting, were condemned to death by Soviet tribunals. The repressions followed with the mass deportations carried out by the Soviets in Estonia on 14 June 1941. Many of the country's political and intellectual leaders were killed or deported to remote areas of the USSR by the Soviet authorities in 1940–1941. Repressive actions were also taken against thousands of ordinary people.
Question: What date was Estonia annexed by the Soviets?
Answer: 6 August 1940
Question: Who annexed Estonia as the Estonian SSR?
Answer: the Soviet Union
Question: The rules of joining a super power were ignored from what document?
Answer: the Estonian constitution
Question: What system was used to decide on joining the Soviets?
Answer: elections |
Context: One recent proponent of the laws solution is Tim Maudlin who argues that the fundamental laws of physics are laws of temporal evolution (see Maudlin ). However, elsewhere Maudlin argues: "[the] passage of time is an intrinsic asymmetry in the temporal structure of the world... It is the asymmetry that grounds the distinction between sequences that runs from past to future and sequences which run from future to past" [ibid, 2010 edition, p. 108]. Thus it is arguably difficult to assess whether Maudlin is suggesting that the direction of time is a consequence of the laws or is itself primitive.
Question: Who argues that the fundamental laws of physics are laws of temporal evolution?
Answer: Tim Maudlin
Question: Maudlin argues that the passage of time is what kind of asymmetry?
Answer: intrinsic
Question: What grounds the distinction between sequences?
Answer: asymmetry
Question: Whose suggestion is difficult to assess in regards to the direction of time?
Answer: Maudlin
Question: Who oposses the laws solution?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who says that the laws of physics are not laws of temporal evolution?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Maudlin claim time is not in the structure of the world?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the symetry in the temoral structure of the world ground?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A sconce is a wall-mounted fixture, particularly one that shines up and sometimes down as well. A torchiere is an uplight intended for ambient lighting. It is typically a floor lamp but may be wall-mounted like a sconce.
Question: What is a uplight used for ambient lighting?
Answer: torchiere |
Context: National park and nature reserve is the area selected by governments or private organizations for special protection against damage or degradation with the objective of biodiversity and landscape conservation. National parks are usually owned and managed by national or state governments. A limit is placed on the number of visitors permitted to enter certain fragile areas. Designated trails or roads are created. The visitors are allowed to enter only for study, cultural and recreation purposes. Forestry operations, grazing of animals and hunting of animals are prohibited. Exploitation of habitat or wildlife is banned.
Question: What types of parks receive special protection against damage or degradation?
Answer: National park and nature reserve
Question: Who selects National parks?
Answer: governments or private organizations
Question: What is the goal of protecting National Parks from damage?
Answer: with the objective of biodiversity and landscape conservation
Question: Who usually owns and manages National parks?
Answer: national or state governments
Question: What activities are prohibited in national parks?
Answer: Forestry operations, grazing of animals and hunting of animals
Question: What types of parks receive special protection against conservation?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who selects designated trails?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the goal of protecting National Parks from roads?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who usually owns and manages roads?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What activities are prohibited on roads?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A third concern with the Kinsey scale is that it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale, making one a tradeoff of the other. Research in the 1970s on masculinity and femininity found that concepts of masculinity and femininity are more appropriately measured as independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum, with each end representing opposite extremes. When compared on the same scale, they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa. However, if they are considered as separate dimensions one can be simultaneously very masculine and very feminine. Similarly, considering heterosexuality and homosexuality on separate scales would allow one to be both very heterosexual and very homosexual or not very much of either. When they are measured independently, the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual as determined using the Kinsey Scale.
Question: What was a concern of the Kinsey scale?
Answer: it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality
Question: How are masculinity and femininity more appropriately measured?
Answer: as independent concepts on a separate scale
Question: What happens if the concepts are measured on the same scale?
Answer: they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa
Question: What is the advantage of measuring these elements separately?
Answer: the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual
Question: What is considered to be a problem with the Kinsey scale?
Answer: inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale
Question: What did the research performed in the 1970s show about masculinity and feminity?
Answer: more appropriately measured as independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum
Question: What would be possible if homesexuality and heterosexuality where measured on different scales?
Answer: would allow one to be both very heterosexual and very homosexual or not very much of either.
Question: What is another benefit of measuring sexuality on two scaless verses just the Kinsey scale?
Answer: the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, |
Context: The Cathedral of Brasília in the capital of the Federative Republic of Brazil, is an expression of the architect Oscar Niemeyer. This concrete-framed hyperboloid structure, seems with its glass roof reaching up, open, to the heavens. On 31 May 1970, the Cathedral’s structure was finished, and only the 70 m (229.66 ft) diameter of the circular area were visible. Niemeyer's project of Cathedral of Brasília is based in the hyperboloid of revolution which sections are asymmetric. The hyperboloid structure itself is a result of 16 identical assembled concrete columns. These columns, having hyperbolic section and weighing 90 t, represent two hands moving upwards to heaven. The Cathedral was dedicated on 31 May 1970.
Question: Who designed the Cathedral of Brasília?
Answer: Oscar Niemeyer
Question: What type of structure is the Cathedral of Brasília?
Answer: concrete-framed hyperboloid
Question: When was the Cathedral of Brasília dedicated?
Answer: 31 May 1970
Question: How many identical columns are used in the Cathedral of Brasília?
Answer: 16
Question: How much do the Cathedral of Brasília's columns weigh?
Answer: 90 t
Question: When was the capital of the Federative Republic of Brazil created?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who founded the capital of Brazil?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many parts of the capital were reaching up to heaven?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Brasilia dedicated?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much does the glass weigh?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Pentagon bought 25,000 MRAP vehicles since 2007 in 25 variants through rapid acquisition with no long-term plans for the platforms. The Army plans to divest 7,456 vehicles and retain 8,585. Of the total number of vehicles the Army will keep, 5,036 will be put in storage, 1,073 will be used for training, and the remainder will be spread across the active force. The Oshkosh M-ATV will be kept the most at 5,681 vehicles, as it is smaller and lighter than other MRAPs for off-road mobility. The other most retained vehicle will be the Navistar MaxxPro Dash with 2,633 vehicles, plus 301 Maxxpro ambulances. Thousands of other MRAPs like the Cougar, BAE Caiman, and larger MaxxPros will be disposed of.
Question: How many MRAP vehicles has the Pentagon bought since 2007?
Answer: 25,000
Question: How many of the 25,000 vehicles do they plan on getting rid of?
Answer: 7,456
Question: How many of the vehicles will be used for training?
Answer: 1,073
Question: The Army will be keeping 5,681 of what vehicle?
Answer: Oshkosh M-ATV
Question: What type of ambulance will the Army have 301 of?
Answer: Maxxpro
Question: How many MRAP vehicles has the pentagon bought since 2000?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many of the 25,00 vehicles does they plan on selling?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many vehicles does the Army plan on not using for training?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many vehicles will the Navy be keeping?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of tank will the the Army have 301 of?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Basic sanitation techniques can have a profound effect on the transmission of diarrheal disease. The implementation of hand washing using soap and water, for example, has been experimentally shown to reduce the incidence of disease by approximately 42–48%. Hand washing in developing countries, however, is compromised by poverty as acknowledged by the CDC: "Handwashing is integral to disease prevention in all parts of the world; however, access to soap and water is limited in a number of less developed countries. This lack of access is one of many challenges to proper hygiene in less developed countries." Solutions to this barrier require the implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours.
Question: What has had major effects on the transmission of diarrheal diseases?
Answer: Basic sanitation techniques
Question: How much does hand washing reduce the chances of disease?
Answer: approximately 42–48%
Question: Why do developing countries not wash their hands as much as other countries?
Answer: access to soap and water is limited
Question: What is a solution to help this problem?
Answer: implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours
Question: What has a profound effect in developed countries?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: By what percentage do educational programs reduce the chance of disease?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is a solution to poverty?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where is education integral to prevent disease?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is a challenge to reduce disease in less developed countries?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Slavs are the largest Indo-European ethno-linguistic group in Europe. They inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia. Slavs speak Indo-European Slavic languages and share, to varying degrees, some cultural traits and historical backgrounds. From the early 6th century they spread to inhabit most of Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Europe, whilst Slavic mercenaries fighting for the Byzantines and Arabs settled Asia Minor and even as far as Syria. The East Slavs colonised Siberia and Central Asia.[better source needed] Presently over half of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities, but every Slavic ethnicity has emigrated to other continents.
Question: What is the largest Indo-European ethno-linguistic group in Europe?
Answer: Slavs are the largest Indo-European ethno-linguistic group in Europe.
Question: What areas of the world do Slavs inhabit?
Answer: They inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia.
Question: What was colonised by the East Slavs?
Answer: The East Slavs colonised Siberia and Central Asia.
Question: What portion of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities?
Answer: Presently over half of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities
Question: Slavic mercenaries settled where?
Answer: Slavic mercenaries fighting for the Byzantines and Arabs settled Asia Minor and even as far as Syria.
Question: What is the largest ethno group in North Asia?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who fought against the Byzantines?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Slavic mercenaries colonise?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who colonised the Arabs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of Central Asia is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Sandra Laing is a South African woman who was classified as Coloured by authorities during the apartheid era, due to her skin colour and hair texture, although her parents could prove at least three generations of European ancestors. At age 10, she was expelled from her all-white school. The officials' decisions based on her anomalous appearance disrupted her family and adult life. She was the subject of the 2008 biographical dramatic film Skin, which won numerous awards.
Question: Who was featured in the movie "Skin"?
Answer: Sandra Laing
Question: What year was the movie "Skin" made?
Answer: 2008
Question: At was age was Sandra Laing expelled from school?
Answer: age 10
Question: What is Sandra Laing's ethnicity?
Answer: South African
Question: How many generations of European Ancestors does Sandra Laing have?
Answer: three |
Context: Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where Queen Elizabeth II is not Head of State, and may permit use of post-nominal letters but not the title of Sir or Dame. Occasionally honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame - Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. Honorary appointees who later become a citizen of a Commonwealth realm can convert their appointment from honorary to substantive, then enjoy all privileges of membership of the order including use of the title of Sir and Dame for the senior two ranks of the Order. An example is Irish broadcaster Terry Wogan, who was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order in 2005 and on successful application for dual British and Irish citizenship was made a substantive member and subsequently styled as "Sir Terry Wogan KBE".
Question: Who are appointed to citizens of nations?
Answer: Honorary knighthoods
Question: Where was Queen Elizabeth ll not Head of State?
Answer: citizens of nations
Question: What is honorary appointees are incorrectly referred to?
Answer: Sir or Dame
Question: Who are examples of Sir of Dame?
Answer: Bill Gates or Bob Geldof
Question: What is an example of irish broadcaster?
Answer: Terry Wogan |
Context: In his 2003 paper, "Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy", A. W. F. Edwards argued that rather than using a locus-by-locus analysis of variation to derive taxonomy, it is possible to construct a human classification system based on characteristic genetic patterns, or clusters inferred from multilocus genetic data. Geographically based human studies since have shown that such genetic clusters can be derived from analyzing of a large number of loci which can assort individuals sampled into groups analogous to traditional continental racial groups. Joanna Mountain and Neil Risch cautioned that while genetic clusters may one day be shown to correspond to phenotypic variations between groups, such assumptions were premature as the relationship between genes and complex traits remains poorly understood. However, Risch denied such limitations render the analysis useless: "Perhaps just using someone's actual birth year is not a very good way of measuring age. Does that mean we should throw it out? ... Any category you come up with is going to be imperfect, but that doesn't preclude you from using it or the fact that it has utility."
Question: What type of classification system for humans did A.W.F. Edwards argue for?
Answer: characteristic genetic patterns
Question: What might genetic clusters be shown to correspond to one day?
Answer: phenotypic variations between groups
Question: How is the relationship between genes and complex traits understood?
Answer: poorly
Question: Risch feels any category someone comes up with will be what?
Answer: imperfect
Question: Risch thinks imperfect categories still have what?
Answer: utility |
Context: In late 1975, Queen recorded and released A Night at the Opera, taking its name from the popular Marx Brothers movie. At the time, it was the most expensive album ever produced. Like its predecessor, the album features diverse musical styles and experimentation with stereo sound. In "The Prophet's Song", an eight-minute epic, the middle section is a canon, with simple phrases layered to create a full-choral sound. The Mercury penned ballad, "Love of My Life", featured a harp and overdubbed vocal harmonies. The album was very successful in Britain, and went triple platinum in the United States. The British public voted it the 13th greatest album of all time in a 2004 Channel 4 poll. It has also ranked highly in international polls; in a worldwide Guinness poll, it was voted the 19th greatest of all time, while an ABC poll saw the Australian public vote it the 28th greatest of all time. A Night at the Opera has frequently appeared in "greatest albums" lists reflecting the opinions of critics. Among other accolades, it was ranked number 16 in Q Magazine's "The 50 Best British Albums Ever" in 2004, and number 11 in Rolling Stone's "The 100 Greatest Albums of All Time" as featured in their Mexican edition in 2004. It was also placed at No. 230 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time" in 2003. A Night at the Opera is the third and final Queen album to be featured in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.
Question: Which Queen album was released in 1975?
Answer: A Night at the Opera
Question: Queen's 1975 album took it's name from a movie from which comedy act?
Answer: Marx Brothers
Question: How long was Queen's The Prophet's Song?
Answer: eight-minute
Question: Which Queen ballad featured a harp and overdubbed harmonies?
Answer: Love of My Life |
Context: The 15th century was a time of Islamic economic expansion, known as the Valencian Golden Age, in which culture and the arts flourished. Concurrent population growth made Valencia the most populous city in the Crown of Aragon. Local industry, led by textile production, reached a great development, and a financial institution, the Canvi de Taula, was created to support municipal banking operations; Valencian bankers lent funds to Queen Isabella I of Castile for Columbus's voyage in 1492. At the end of the century the Silk Exchange (Llotja de la Seda) building was erected as the city became a commercial emporium that attracted merchants from all over Europe.
Question: When was the Valencian Golden Age?
Answer: 15th century
Question: Of what area was Valencia the largest city?
Answer: Crown of Aragon
Question: What building attracted merchants from other countries to Valencia?
Answer: Silk Exchange
Question: Who borrowed money from Valencian bankers in 1492?
Answer: Queen Isabella I of Castile
Question: What was Valencia's leading industry?
Answer: textile production |
Context: Investment in the city continued. The William Enston Home, a planned community for the city's aged and infirm, was built in 1889. An elaborate public building, the United States Post Office and Courthouse, was completed by the federal government in 1896 in the heart of the city. The Democrat-dominated state legislature passed a new constitution in 1895 that disfranchised blacks, effectively excluding them entirely from the political process, a second-class status that was maintained for more than six decades in a state that was majority black until about 1930.
Question: Which party dominated South Carolina's state legislature?
Answer: Democrat
Question: What year was a new constitution passed that discriminated against blacks were passed?
Answer: 1896
Question: The William Enston Home was built in what year?
Answer: 1889.
Question: Blacks were the majority in South Carolina until what year?
Answer: 1930
Question: A large post office and courthouse was built in what year?
Answer: 1896
Question: Which party dominated North Carolina's state legislature?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year was a new constitution passed that discriminated against whites were passed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The William Enston Home was destroyed in what year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Blacks were the minority in South Carolina until what year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: A small post office and courthouse was built in what year?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the fall of 2014, among the six undergraduate schools, 40.6% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bienen School of Music, and 6.4% in the School of Education and Social Policy. The five most commonly awarded undergraduate degrees are in economics, journalism, communication studies, psychology, and political science. While professional students are affiliated with their respective schools, the School of Professional Studies offers master's and bachelor's degree, and certificate programs tailored to the professional studies. With 2,446 students enrolled in science, engineering, and health fields, the largest graduate programs by enrollment include chemistry, integrated biology, material sciences, electrical and computer engineering, neuroscience, and economics. The Kellogg School of Management's MBA, the School of Law's JD, and the Feinberg School of Medicine's MD are the three largest professional degree programs by enrollment.
Question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 40.6% of undergraduates enroll in?
Answer: Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences
Question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 21.3% of undergraduates enroll in?
Answer: McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science
Question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 14.3% of undergraduates enroll in?
Answer: School of Communication
Question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 11.7% of undergraduates enroll in?
Answer: Medill School of Journalism
Question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 5.7% of undergraduates enroll in?
Answer: Bienen School of Music
Question: In the fall of 2012, which school did 40.6% of undergraduates enroll in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In the fall of 2011, which school did 21.3% of undergraduates enroll in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In the fall of 2013, which school did 14.3% of undergraduates enroll in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In the fall of 2015, which school did 11.7% of undergraduates enroll in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In the fall of 2024, which school did 5.7% of undergraduates enroll in?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In May 1955, McCarthy threatened to issue subpoenas to White House personnel. Eisenhower was furious, and issued an order as follows: "It is essential to efficient and effective administration that employees of the Executive Branch be in a position to be completely candid in advising with each other on official matters ... it is not in the public interest that any of their conversations or communications, or any documents or reproductions, concerning such advice be disclosed." This was an unprecedented step by Eisenhower to protect communication beyond the confines of a cabinet meeting, and soon became a tradition known as executive privilege. Ike's denial of McCarthy's access to his staff reduced McCarthy's hearings to rants about trivial matters, and contributed to his ultimate downfall.
Question: What did McCarthy threaten to do in May of 1955?
Answer: issue subpoenas to White House personnel
Question: What tradition was fostered by Eisenhower's reaction to McCarthy's subpoena threats?
Answer: executive privilege
Question: Eisenhower denied McCarthy access to the personnel of what branch of the federal government?
Answer: Executive |
Context: Chopin's public popularity as a virtuoso began to wane, as did the number of his pupils, and this, together with the political strife and instability of the time, caused him to struggle financially. In February 1848, with the cellist Auguste Franchomme, he gave his last Paris concert, which included three movements of the Cello Sonata Op. 65.
Question: In what month and year did Chopin give his final performance?
Answer: February 1848
Question: With whom did Chopin perform his final concert?
Answer: Auguste Franchomme
Question: When did Chopin last perform?
Answer: February 1848
Question: Who did Chopin last perform with?
Answer: Auguste Franchomme
Question: Plitical strife, popularity decline, instability of era and fewer students caused Chopin to what?
Answer: struggle financially.
Question: Who did Chopin have at his last Parisian concert in 1848?
Answer: Auguste Franchomme
Question: What instrument did Auguste Franchomme play?
Answer: Cello |
Context: In 1982, Regis McKenna was brought in to shape the marketing and launch of the Macintosh. Later the Regis McKenna team grew to include Jane Anderson, Katie Cadigan and Andy Cunningham, who eventually led the Apple account for the agency. Cunningham and Anderson were the primary authors of the Macintosh launch plan. The launch of the Macintosh pioneered many different tactics that are used today in launching technology products, including the "multiple exclusive," event marketing (credited to John Sculley, who brought the concept over from Pepsi), creating a mystique around a product and giving an inside look into a product's creation.
Question: Who was brought in to shape the marketing of Macintosh in 1982?
Answer: Regis McKenna
Question: What role did Andy Cunningham and Jane Anderson have in the Macintosh launch plan?
Answer: primary authors
Question: Who introduced the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept to Apple?
Answer: John Sculley
Question: Which company first used the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept?
Answer: Pepsi
Question: What did the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept create around a product?
Answer: a mystique
Question: Who was brought in to shape the marketing of Macintosh in 1928?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What role did Andy Cunningham and Jane Anderson have in the Microsoft launch plan?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who introduced the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept to Microsoft?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which company last used the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What didn't the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept create around a product?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Contrary to the diffusionist theory, it appears that there was simultaneously a structural evolution towards the pointed arch, for the purpose of vaulting spaces of irregular plan, or to bring transverse vaults to the same height as diagonal vaults. This latter occurs at Durham Cathedral in the nave aisles in 1093. Pointed arches also occur extensively in Romanesque decorative blind arcading, where semi-circular arches overlap each other in a simple decorative pattern, and the points are accidental to the design.
Question: The use of the pointed arch for bringing transverse vaults to the same height diagonal ones, is in disagreement with what theory?
Answer: the diffusionist theory
Question: At which cathedral is the pointed arch used to match the heights of transverse and diagonal vaults?
Answer: Durham Cathedral
Question: In what type of decorative blind arcading are pointed arches common?
Answer: Romanesque
Question: When semicircular arches overlap each other, what type of design is accidentally created?
Answer: points
Question: Which cathedral is the twisted arch used to match the heights of transverse and diagonal vaults?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of decorative blind are curved arches common?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When triangular arches overlap each other, what type of design is accidentally created?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What theory was not supported by anyone?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A few glaciers have periods of very rapid advancement called surges. These glaciers exhibit normal movement until suddenly they accelerate, then return to their previous state. During these surges, the glacier may reach velocities far greater than normal speed. These surges may be caused by failure of the underlying bedrock, the pooling of meltwater at the base of the glacier — perhaps delivered from a supraglacial lake — or the simple accumulation of mass beyond a critical "tipping point". Temporary rates up to 90 m (300 ft) per day have occurred when increased temperature or overlying pressure caused bottom ice to melt and water to accumulate beneath a glacier.
Question: What is a glacial surge?
Answer: periods of very rapid advancement
Question: What failure causes surges?
Answer: failure of the underlying bedrock
Question: At what rate have glaciers travelled during surges?
Answer: 90 m (300 ft) per day
Question: What is the term for a gradual increase in a glaciers speed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is caused by underground water?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does accumulaion of rock under the glacier cause?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses and townhouses and shabby tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930. In contrast, New York City also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standing dwellings. In neighborhoods such as Riverdale (in the Bronx), Ditmas Park (in Brooklyn), and Douglaston (in Queens), large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian.
Question: In what borough is the Riverdale neighborhood located?
Answer: the Bronx
Question: In what borough is the Ditmas Park neighborhood located?
Answer: Brooklyn
Question: In what borough is the Douglaston neighborhood located?
Answer: Queens
Question: Brownstone rowhouse construction is most often associated with the period beginning in 1870 and ending in what year?
Answer: 1930
Question: Along with Tudor Revival, what is a common architectural style of single-family houses in New York?
Answer: Victorian
Question: What type of housing structure makes up most of the large residential districts of NYC?
Answer: brownstone rowhouses |
Context: The earliest written form of the Germanic word God (always, in this usage, capitalized) comes from the 6th-century Christian Codex Argenteus. The English word itself is derived from the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan. The reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form * ǵhu-tó-m was likely based on the root * ǵhau(ə)-, which meant either "to call" or "to invoke". The Germanic words for God were originally neuter—applying to both genders—but during the process of the Christianization of the Germanic peoples from their indigenous Germanic paganism, the words became a masculine syntactic form.
Question: Where is the English word God derived from?
Answer: the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan
Question: Where the first Germanic words for God masculine or feminine?
Answer: neuter—applying to both genders
Question: When did the Germanic words for God take on a masculine form?
Answer: Christianization of the Germanic peoples
Question: What was practiced by the Germanic people before their Christianization?
Answer: Germanic paganism
Question: What did the gaelic root of the word for God mean?
Answer: "to call" or "to invoke"
Question: Where does the word God come from originally?
Answer: Codex Argenteus
Question: What language does the English word God come from?
Answer: German
Question: What gender where the original Germanic words meaning God in?
Answer: neuter
Question: Where does the earliest masculine form of the English word for God come from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where is the Codex form of the word from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the Argenteus usage based on?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Argenteus mean?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How were the English words for to call originally applied?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges."
Question: What country has the longest version of a constitution?
Answer: India
Question: In what year was India's constitution drafted?
Answer: 1950
Question: What country has the longest Constitution?
Answer: India
Question: In Thailand, the length of the constitution impacts the judges chances to exercise what?
Answer: judicial review
Question: What is in position to gain control over the rule of law in Thailand?
Answer: rule of judges
Question: What country has the longest history of constitutional government?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What country had a Constitution until 1950?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of reviews are discouraged by lengthy constitutions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of discretion was meant to be encouraged by India's Constitution
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is threatening to replace the role of judges?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Proponents of DST generally argue that it saves energy, promotes outdoor leisure activity in the evening (in summer), and is therefore good for physical and psychological health, reduces traffic accidents, reduces crime, or is good for business. Groups that tend to support DST are urban workers, retail businesses, outdoor sports enthusiasts and businesses, tourism operators, and others who benefit from increased light during the evening in summer.
Question: Which group is more likely to support DST: urban workers or rural farmers?
Answer: urban workers
Question: If people have more daylight in the evenings, what season might see a rise in outdoor activity?
Answer: summer
Question: Would those in favor of DST argue that it causes people to use more electricity or saves energy?
Answer: saves energy |
Context: Kurita's "Center Force" consisted of five battleships, 12 cruisers and 13 destroyers. It included the two largest battleships ever built: Yamato and Musashi. As they passed Palawan Island after midnight on 23 October the force was spotted, and U.S. submarines sank two cruisers. On 24 October, as Kurita's force entered the Sibuyan Sea, USS Intrepid and USS Cabot launched 260 planes, which scored hits on several ships. A second wave of planes scored many direct hits on Musashi. A third wave, from USS Enterprise and USS Franklin hit Musashi with 11 bombs and eight torpedoes. Kurita retreated but in the evening turned around to head for San Bernardino Strait. Musashi sank at about 19:30.
Question: How many battleships were in Kurita's "Center Force"?
Answer: five
Question: How many cruisers were in Kurita's "Center Force"?
Answer: 12
Question: How many destroyers were in Kurita's "Center Force"?
Answer: 13
Question: When did Kurita's force enter the Sibuyan Sea?
Answer: 24 October |
Context: Airports are divided into landside and airside areas. Landside areas include parking lots, public transportation train stations and access roads. Airside areas include all areas accessible to aircraft, including runways, taxiways and aprons. Access from landside areas to airside areas is tightly controlled at most airports. Passengers on commercial flights access airside areas through terminals, where they can purchase tickets, clear security check, or claim luggage and board aircraft through gates. The waiting areas which provide passenger access to aircraft are typically called concourses, although this term is often used interchangeably with terminal.
Question: Airports are divided into what two areas?
Answer: landside and airside
Question: What do landside areas include?
Answer: parking lots, public transportation train stations and access roads
Question: What do airside areas include?
Answer: all areas accessible to aircraft, including runways, taxiways and aprons
Question: Where can passengers purchase tickets?
Answer: terminals
Question: What is the waiting area which provide passengers access to aircraft?
Answer: concourses
Question: What are two areas that luggage claim is divided into?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How is access between parking lots and access roads treated?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where do passengers on access roads access public transportation?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where can you board a train through gates?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is another name for taxiways?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: With an estimated population of 1,381,069 as of July 1, 2014, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego is the birthplace of California and is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the United States Navy and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center.
Question: Which city in Mexico does San Diego border?
Answer: Tijuana
Question: Of all military branches, which one has the strongest presence in San Diego?
Answer: United States Navy
Question: Aside from healthcare, which employment sector has strongly emerged in San Diego?
Answer: biotechnology development
Question: Of the top 10 largest cities in the country, which place does San Diego rank?
Answer: eighth
Question: What is unique about San Diego's harbors?
Answer: deep-water
Question: Which city in Mexico doesn't San Diego border?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Of all military branches, which one has the weakest presence in San Diego?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Aside from healthcare, which employment sector has weakly emerged in San Diego?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Of the top 5 largest cities in the country, which place does San Diego rank?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What isn't unique about San Diego's harbors?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal").
Question: From what system is a distinctive future tense lacking?
Answer: verbal system
Question: What is used in place of the future tense?
Answer: present tense
Question: What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an undecided subject?
Answer: special forms
Question: From what system is a distinctive future tense prominent?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is used in place of the past tense?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an determined subject?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is performed by the undetermined subject?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Of great importance are the many species of salamanders and, in particular, the lungless species (Family Plethodontidae) that live in great abundance concealed by leaves and debris, on the forest floor. Most frequently seen, however, is the eastern or red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens), whose terrestrial eft form is often encountered on the open, dry forest floor. It has been estimated that salamanders represent the largest class of animal biomass in the Appalachian forests. Frogs and toads are of lesser diversity and abundance, but the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) is, like the eft, commonly encountered on the dry forest floor, while a number of species of small frogs, such as spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer), enliven the forest with their calls. Salamanders and other amphibians contribute greatly to nutrient cycling through their consumption of small life forms on the forest floor and in aquatic habitats.
Question: What is the name of the most commonly seen salamander?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are the frogs and toads the largest class of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What tends to detract from the nutrient cycle of the forest?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What consumes the salamanders and amphibians?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are species of salamanders called as a group?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in the world with human habitation. During the Wisconsin glaciation, 50–17,000 years ago, falling sea levels allowed people to move across the land bridge of Beringia that joined Siberia to north west North America (Alaska). Alaska was a glacial refugia because it had low snowfall, allowing a small population to exist. The Laurentide Ice Sheet covered most of North America, blocking nomadic inhabitants and confining them to Alaska (East Beringia) for thousands of years.
Question: How Paleo-Indians migrated to the Americas is still a matter for what type of research?
Answer: ongoing
Question: When did humans inhabit North and South America's continents?
Answer: last
Question: What allowed people to move across Beringia to North America?
Answer: falling sea levels
Question: A small population could exist in Alaska because of it's lack of any significant what?
Answer: snowfall
Question: What confined the nomadic inhabitants to East Beringia for thousands of years?
Answer: Laurentide Ice Sheet |
Context: The Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division, is located in Clarksburg, West Virginia. Organized beginning in 1991, the office opened in 1995 as the youngest agency division. The complex is the length of three football fields. It provides a main repository for information in various data systems. Under the roof of the CJIS are the programs for the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), Fingerprint Identification, Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), NCIC 2000, and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Many state and local agencies use these data systems as a source for their own investigations and contribute to the database using secure communications. FBI provides these tools of sophisticated identification and information services to local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies.
Question: Where is the CJIS located?
Answer: Clarksburg, West Virginia
Question: When was the CJIS created?
Answer: 1991
Question: What purpose does the CJIS serve?
Answer: main repository for information
Question: Where is the data for the NCIC located?
Answer: Under the roof of the CJIS
Question: Do states have access to CJIS?
Answer: Many state and local agencies use these data
Question: What opened in 1995 as the oldest agency division?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the CJIS division close?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What program is not under the roof of the CJIS?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are state and local agencies not allowed to use for their own investigations?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What provides tools of sophisticated identification and information services to the FBI?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Knots do not necessarily influence the stiffness of structural timber, this will depend on the size and location. Stiffness and elastic strength are more dependent upon the sound wood than upon localized defects. The breaking strength is very susceptible to defects. Sound knots do not weaken wood when subject to compression parallel to the grain.
Question: What is wood's breaking strength susceptible to?
Answer: defects
Question: Depending on the placement and size of a knot, what property of structural timber can be affected?
Answer: stiffness
Question: What do stiffness and elastic strength depend on more than defects?
Answer: sound wood
Question: What direction of compression in relation to its grain won't weaken wood with sound knots in it?
Answer: parallel |
Context: Bell began a series of public demonstrations and lectures to introduce the new invention to the scientific community as well as the general public. A short time later, his demonstration of an early telephone prototype at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia brought the telephone to international attention. Influential visitors to the exhibition included Emperor Pedro II of Brazil. Later Bell had the opportunity to demonstrate the invention personally to Sir William Thomson (later, Lord Kelvin), a renowned Scottish scientist, as well as to Queen Victoria, who had requested a private audience at Osborne House, her Isle of Wight home. She called the demonstration "most extraordinary". The enthusiasm surrounding Bell's public displays laid the groundwork for universal acceptance of the revolutionary device.
Question: In what city was the 1876 Centennial Exposition?
Answer: Philadelphia
Question: What important person saw the telephone at the Centennial Exposition?
Answer: Emperor Pedro II
Question: Pedro II was the Emperor of what Country?
Answer: Brazil
Question: Which Queen did Bell present his invention to?
Answer: Victoria |
Context: To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays. During a thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee. There are also initiatives for amateur artists. The city subsidises an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten), as does the university for its staff and students. Additionally there are also several private initiatives. The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.
Question: What does the city host on Sundays
Answer: To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays
Question: What happens on Cultural Sunday
Answer: thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee
Question: What does the city subsidise
Answer: an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten
Question: What type of coupon does the city provide the poor
Answer: The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.
Question: What does the city host for visitors.
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the city subsidize for tourists?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the city coucil provide to students?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: what education does the national government subsidize?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: To improve the efficiency of the lamp, the filament usually consists of multiple coils of coiled fine wire, also known as a 'coiled coil'. For a 60-watt 120-volt lamp, the uncoiled length of the tungsten filament is usually 22.8 inches (580 mm), and the filament diameter is 0.0018 inches (0.046 mm). The advantage of the coiled coil is that evaporation of the tungsten filament is at the rate of a tungsten cylinder having a diameter equal to that of the coiled coil. The coiled-coil filament evaporates more slowly than a straight filament of the same surface area and light-emitting power. As a result, the filament can then run hotter, which results in a more efficient light source, while reducing the evaporation so that the filament will last longer than a straight filament at the same temperature.
Question: How long is a typical uncoiled tungsten filament for a 60-watt bulb?
Answer: 22.8 inches
Question: What is the advantage of a coiled-coil filament over a straight filament?
Answer: The coiled-coil filament evaporates more slowly
Question: What positive effects does a slower-evaporating filament enable?
Answer: more efficient light source
Question: What is the typical diameter of the filament on a 60-watt bulb?
Answer: 0.0018 inches
Question: What did not improve efficiency of the lamp?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How long is a typical uncoiled tungsten filament for a 40-watt bulb?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are the disadvantage of the coiled coil vs a straight filament?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What negative effects does a slower evaporating filament cause?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The bulk of remaining commercial flight offerings come from small regional commuter airlines such as Ravn Alaska, PenAir, and Frontier Flying Service. The smallest towns and villages must rely on scheduled or chartered bush flying services using general aviation aircraft such as the Cessna Caravan, the most popular aircraft in use in the state. Much of this service can be attributed to the Alaska bypass mail program which subsidizes bulk mail delivery to Alaskan rural communities. The program requires 70% of that subsidy to go to carriers who offer passenger service to the communities.
Question: What are the names of a few regional Alaskan airlines?
Answer: Ravn Alaska, PenAir, and Frontier Flying Service
Question: What model is the most popular aicraft in Alaska?
Answer: Cessna Caravan
Question: How much of the subsidized bulk mail delivery program goes to carriers who offer passenger service?
Answer: 70%
Question: What are the names of all regional Alaskan airlines?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What aren't the names of a few regional Alaskan airlines?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What model is the lest popular aircraft in Alaska?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What model is the most popular seacraft in Alaska?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much of the subsidized nonbulk mail delivery program goes to carriers who offer passenger service?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The hypothesis that plant growth and development is coordinated by plant hormones or plant growth regulators first emerged in the late 19th century. Darwin experimented on the movements of plant shoots and roots towards light and gravity, and concluded "It is hardly an exaggeration to say that the tip of the radicle . . acts like the brain of one of the lower animals . . directing the several movements". About the same time, the role of auxins (from the Greek auxein, to grow) in control of plant growth was first outlined by the Dutch scientist Frits Went. The first known auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which promotes cell growth, was only isolated from plants about 50 years later. This compound mediates the tropic responses of shoots and roots towards light and gravity. The finding in 1939 that plant callus could be maintained in culture containing IAA, followed by the observation in 1947 that it could be induced to form roots and shoots by controlling the concentration of growth hormones were key steps in the development of plant biotechnology and genetic modification.
Question: When was the theory of plant hormones introduced?
Answer: late 19th century
Question: To what did Darwin compare the top of the plant radical?
Answer: the brain of one of the lower animals
Question: Why did Darwin feel plants had something comparable to a brain?
Answer: movements of plant shoots
Question: What do auxins do?
Answer: promotes cell growth
Question: What can plant callus be coaxed into doing?
Answer: form roots and shoots |
Context: The second and most dramatic boom and bust resulted from the Klondike Gold Rush, which ended the depression that had begun with the Panic of 1893; in a short time, Seattle became a major transportation center. On July 14, 1897, the S.S. Portland docked with its famed "ton of gold", and Seattle became the main transport and supply point for the miners in Alaska and the Yukon. Few of those working men found lasting wealth, however; it was Seattle's business of clothing the miners and feeding them salmon that panned out in the long run. Along with Seattle, other cities like Everett, Tacoma, Port Townsend, Bremerton, and Olympia, all in the Puget Sound region, became competitors for exchange, rather than mother lodes for extraction, of precious metals. The boom lasted well into the early part of the 20th century and funded many new Seattle companies and products. In 1907, 19-year-old James E. Casey borrowed $100 from a friend and founded the American Messenger Company (later UPS). Other Seattle companies founded during this period include Nordstrom and Eddie Bauer. Seattle brought in the Olmsted Brothers landscape architecture firm to design a system of parks and boulevards.
Question: After lumbering, what was Seattle's second big economic boom?
Answer: Klondike Gold Rush
Question: What event ended the Gold Rush?
Answer: depression
Question: What was the start of the depression that stopped the Gold Rush?
Answer: Panic of 1893
Question: For whom was Seattle the main port of supply ?
Answer: miners
Question: What company did James E. Casey found in 1907 with a borrowed $100?
Answer: American Messenger Company |
Context: Fog is fairly common, particularly in spring and early summer, and the occasional tropical storm or hurricane can threaten the region, especially in late summer and early autumn. Due to its situation along the North Atlantic, the city often receives sea breezes, especially in the late spring, when water temperatures are still quite cold and temperatures at the coast can be more than 20 °F (11 °C) colder than a few miles inland, sometimes dropping by that amount near midday. Thunderstorms occur from May to September, that are occasionally severe with large hail, damaging winds and heavy downpours. Although downtown Boston has never been struck by a violent tornado, the city itself has experienced many tornado warnings. Damaging storms are more common to areas north, west, and northwest of the city. Boston has a relatively sunny climate for a coastal city at its latitude, averaging over 2,600 hours of sunshine per annum.
Question: During what seasons is fog common in Boston?
Answer: spring and early summer
Question: When can tropical storms and hurricanes threaten Boston?
Answer: late summer and early autumn
Question: Sea breezes occur during what season?
Answer: late spring
Question: What months do thunderstorms occur in Boston?
Answer: May to September
Question: What is the average hours of sunshine per year in Boston?
Answer: 2,600 |
Context: The British high-definition TV service started trials in August 1936 and a regular service on 2 November 1936 using both the (mechanical) Baird 240 line sequential scan (later to be inaccurately rechristened 'progressive') and the (electronic) Marconi-EMI 405 line interlaced systems. The Baird system was discontinued in February 1937. In 1938 France followed with their own 441-line system, variants of which were also used by a number of other countries. The US NTSC 525-line system joined in 1941. In 1949 France introduced an even higher-resolution standard at 819 lines, a system that should have been high definition even by today's standards, but was monochrome only and the technical limitations of the time prevented it from achieving the definition of which it should have been capable. All of these systems used interlacing and a 4:3 aspect ratio except the 240-line system which was progressive (actually described at the time by the technically correct term "sequential") and the 405-line system which started as 5:4 and later changed to 4:3. The 405-line system adopted the (at that time) revolutionary idea of interlaced scanning to overcome the flicker problem of the 240-line with its 25 Hz frame rate. The 240-line system could have doubled its frame rate but this would have meant that the transmitted signal would have doubled in bandwidth, an unacceptable option as the video baseband bandwidth was required to be not more than 3 MHz.
Question: Who started trials in August 1936?
Answer: The British high-definition TV service
Question: When was the Baird system discontinued?
Answer: February 1937
Question: Which country developed the 441-line system?
Answer: France
Question: What prevented France's 819-line system from achieving the definition it was capable of?
Answer: the technical limitations of the time
Question: Which system used interlaced scanning to correct the flicker problem of the 240-line?
Answer: 405-line system
Question: Who started trials in September 1936?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the Baird system created?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which country developed the 941-line system?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What prevented France's 919-line system from achieving the definition it was capable of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which system used interlaced scanning to correct the flicker problem of the 940-line?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of the nuclear arsenal) were ceded to Yeltsin. A week earlier, Gorbachev had met with Yeltsin and accepted the fait accompli of the Soviet Union's dissolution. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR adopted a statute to change Russia's legal name from "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" to "Russian Federation," showing that it was now a sovereign state.
Question: When did Gorbachev resign?
Answer: December 25, 1991
Question: Who was given control after Gorbachev left?
Answer: Yeltsin
Question: What was Russia's new legal name?
Answer: Russian Federation
Question: What was the Russian Federations previous legal name?
Answer: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic |
Context: Encompasses both secular and religious styles, the design and style made by Muslims and their construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture included the architectural types: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. Perhaps the most important expression of Islamic art is architecture, particularly that of the mosque. Through Islamic architecture, effects of varying cultures within Islamic civilization can be illustrated. Generally, the use of Islamic geometric patterns and foliage based arabesques were striking. There was also the use of decorative calligraphy instead of pictures which were haram (forbidden) in mosque architecture. Note that in secular architecture, human and animal representation was indeed present.
Question: What is considered the most important work of Islamic architecture?
Answer: the mosque
Question: What type of decorations are used in Muslim world decorative art rather than pictures?
Answer: decorative calligraphy
Question: What is the definition of haram?
Answer: forbidden
Question: Where in Muslim architecture are pictures forbidden?
Answer: mosque architecture
Question: Where is one permitted to use representations of humans?
Answer: secular architecture
Question: What either has a secular or religious style?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the tomp an important expression of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where is decrative calligraphy haram?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In January 2014, having met with Secretary of State, Archbishop Pietro Parolin, Kerry said "We touched on just about every major issue that we are both working on, that are issues of concern to all of us. First of all, we talked at great length about Syria, and I was particularly appreciative for the Archbishop’s raising this issue, and equally grateful for the Holy Father’s comments – the Pope's comments yesterday regarding his support for the Geneva II process. We welcome that support. It is very important to have broad support, and I know that the Pope is particularly concerned about the massive numbers of displaced human beings and the violence that has taken over 130,000 lives".
Question: Who met Kerry in Jan 2014?
Answer: Archbishop Pietro Parolin
Question: What country did Kerry discuss with Parolin?
Answer: Syria
Question: What did the Pope express support for in Jan 2014?
Answer: the Geneva II process
Question: How many people did Kerry say had died in Syria as of Jan 2014?
Answer: over 130,000 |
Context: Many bird populations migrate long distances along a flyway. The most common pattern involves flying north in the spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions to the south. Of course, in the southern hemisphere the directions are reversed, but there is less land area in the far south to support long-distance migration.
Question: Along where do many birds migrate?
Answer: a flyway
Question: What is the most common pattern of migration in the spring?
Answer: flying north
Question: What is the most common directionof migration in autumn?
Answer: south
Question: Why do the birds fly north?
Answer: to breed |
Context: The Freeview HD service currently contains 10 HD channels (as of December 2013[update]) and was rolled out region by region across the UK in accordance with the digital switchover process, finally being completed in October 2012. However, Freeview HD is not the first HDTV service over digital terrestrial television in Europe;
Question: How many HD channels did the Freeview HD service contain as of December 2013?
Answer: 10
Question: When was the digital switchover process completed in the UK?
Answer: October 2012
Question: Which service contains 10 HD channels and finished its roll out in October 2012?
Answer: Freeview HD
Question: How was the Freeview HD service rolled out in the UK?
Answer: region by region
Question: How many SD channels did the Freeview SD service contain as of December 2013?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the digital switchover process completed in the US?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which service contains 10 HD channels and finished its roll out in October 2022?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How was the Freeview HD service rolled out in the US?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In late 2006[update], Dell lost its lead in the PC-business to Hewlett-Packard. Both Gartner and IDC estimated that in the third quarter of 2006, HP shipped more units worldwide than Dell did. Dell's 3.6% growth paled in comparison to HP's 15% growth during the same period. The problem got worse in the fourth quarter, when Gartner estimated that Dell PC shipments declined 8.9% (versus HP's 23.9% growth). As a result, at the end of 2006 Dell's overall PC market-share stood at 13.9% (versus HP's 17.4%).
Question: What year did Dell lose its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard?
Answer: 2006
Question: What was HP's growth during the third quarter of 2006?
Answer: 15%
Question: What was the rate of decline that Dell experienced in PC shipments?
Answer: 8.9%
Question: What was Dell's market share at the end of 2006?
Answer: 13.9%
Question: What year did IBM lose its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year did Dell gain its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was HP's growth during the third quarter of 2007?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the rate of growth that Dell experienced in PC shipments?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Dell's market share at the end of 2005?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Game players were not the only ones to notice the violence in this game; US Senators Herb Kohl and Joe Lieberman convened a Congressional hearing on December 9, 1993 to investigate the marketing of violent video games to children.[e] While Nintendo took the high ground with moderate success, the hearings led to the creation of the Interactive Digital Software Association and the Entertainment Software Rating Board, and the inclusion of ratings on all video games. With these ratings in place, Nintendo decided its censorship policies were no longer needed.
Question: Which senators held a hearing about video game violence in 1993?
Answer: Herb Kohl and Joe Lieberman
Question: What was the focus of the hearing about video game violence in 1993?
Answer: the marketing of violent video games to children
Question: What organizations did the hearing about video game violence in 1993 lead to?
Answer: the Interactive Digital Software Association and the Entertainment Software Rating Board
Question: What regulatory change did the hearing about video game violence in 1993 lead to?
Answer: the inclusion of ratings on all video games
Question: How did video game ratings affect Nintendo?
Answer: Nintendo decided its censorship policies were no longer needed
Question: How did game players affect Nintendo's policy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Digital Software Association investigate in 1993?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What position did Senator Joe Lieberman take on the issue?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How successful was Senator Herb Kohl during the hearing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What organizations were created due to Nintendo taking the high ground?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The bells at the abbey were overhauled in 1971. The ring is now made up of ten bells, hung for change ringing, cast in 1971, by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, tuned to the notes: F#, E, D, C#, B, A, G, F#, E and D. The Tenor bell in D (588.5 Hz) has a weight of 30 cwt, 1 qtr, 15 lb (3403 lb or 1544 kg).
Question: When were the bells overhauled?
Answer: 1971
Question: How many bells make up the abbey ring?
Answer: Ten
Question: When were the ten bells cast?
Answer: 1971
Question: Who cast the abbey bells?
Answer: Whitechapel Bell Foundry
Question: When weren't the bells overhauled?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When were the bells scrapped?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many bells don't make up the abbey ring?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When were the ine bells cast?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who destroyed the abbey bells?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The classic case of a corrupt, exploitive dictator often given is the regime of Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko, who ruled the Democratic Republic of the Congo (which he renamed Zaire) from 1965 to 1997. It is said that usage of the term kleptocracy gained popularity largely in response to a need to accurately describe Mobutu's regime. Another classic case is Nigeria, especially under the rule of General Sani Abacha who was de facto president of Nigeria from 1993 until his death in 1998. He is reputed to have stolen some US$3–4 billion. He and his relatives are often mentioned in Nigerian 419 letter scams claiming to offer vast fortunes for "help" in laundering his stolen "fortunes", which in reality turn out not to exist. More than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999.
Question: Who was the dictator in Zaire from 1965 to 1997?
Answer: Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko
Question: What did Zaire used to be known as?
Answer: Democratic Republic of the Congo
Question: What term became more popular as Mobutu ruled?
Answer: kleptocracy
Question: Who ruled Nigeria until he died in 1998?
Answer: General Sani Abacha |
Context: A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and created MP3, which was designed to achieve the same quality at 128 kbit/s as MP2 at 192 kbit/s.
Question: What did the working group take ideas from?
Answer: ASPEC
Question: What did the working group integrate their ideas with?
Answer: filter bank
Question: Where was the filter bank taken from?
Answer: Layer 2
Question: What did the working group eventually create?
Answer: MP3
Question: What quality were they hoping to match at 128 kbit/s?
Answer: MP2 at 192 kbit/s |
Context: In Iran (Persia), the history of cotton dates back to the Achaemenid era (5th century BC); however, there are few sources about the planting of cotton in pre-Islamic Iran. The planting of cotton was common in Merv, Ray and Pars of Iran. In Persian poets' poems, especially Ferdowsi's Shahname, there are references to cotton ("panbe" in Persian). Marco Polo (13th century) refers to the major products of Persia, including cotton. John Chardin, a French traveler of the 17th century who visited the Safavid Persia, spoke approvingly of the vast cotton farms of Persia.
Question: Use of cotton in Iran dates back to what period?
Answer: Achaemenid era
Question: When was the Achaemenid era?
Answer: 5th century BC
Question: In what source can references to cotton be found in Iran?
Answer: Persian poets' poems
Question: What 13th century explorer saw cotton in Persia?
Answer: Marco Polo
Question: What Frenchman in the 17th century noted cotton farming in Persia?
Answer: John Chardin
Question: Us of cotton in France dates back to what period?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the Persian era?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what source can references to cotton be found in France?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What 13th century explorer saw cotton in France?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What Frenchman in the 13th century noted cotton farming in Persia?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1951, during the early stages of the Cold War, Menzies spoke of the possibility of a looming third world war. The Menzies Government entered Australia's first formal military alliance outside of the British Commonwealth with the signing of the ANZUS Treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States in San Francisco in 1951. External Affairs Minister Percy Spender had put forward the proposal to work along similar lines to the NATO Alliance. The Treaty declared that any attack on one of the three parties in the Pacific area would be viewed as a threat to each, and that the common danger would be met in accordance with each nation's constitutional processes. In 1954 the Menzies Government signed the South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty (SEATO) as a South East Asian counterpart to NATO. That same year, Soviet diplomat Vladimir Petrov and his wife defected from the Soviet embassy in Canberra, revealing evidence of Russian spying activities; Menzies called a Royal Commission to investigate.
Question: Which treaty was Australia's first military alliance outside of the British Commonwealth?
Answer: ANZUS Treaty
Question: Which areas were involved in the ANZUS Treaty?
Answer: Australia, New Zealand and the United States
Question: Where was the signing of the ANZUS Treaty held in 1951?
Answer: San Francisco
Question: What does the acronym SEATO stand for?
Answer: South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty
Question: Which group is a counterpart to NATO?
Answer: the South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty (SEATO)
Question: Which treaty was Austrialia's first military alliance outside of NATO?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which areas were involved with the NATO Treaty?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the signing of the NATO Treaty held in 1951?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the acronym did Percy Spender sign?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which group is a counterpart to External Affairs?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Paris and its region host the headquarters of several international organisations including UNESCO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Chamber of Commerce, the Paris Club, the European Space Agency, the International Energy Agency, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the European Union Institute for Security Studies, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, the International Exhibition Bureau and the International Federation for Human Rights.
Question: Where is the headquarters for UNESCO?
Answer: Paris
Question: Where is the head quarters for the International Federation for Human Rights?
Answer: Paris
Question: Where is the head quarters for the European Space Agency?
Answer: Paris |
Context: Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named "Music" and "Videos" are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the iPod line, they are generally treated as separate products. During the middle of 2010, iPhone sales overtook those of the iPod.
Question: Prior to iOS 5, how many apps were required to play music and videos on iPhone and iPad?
Answer: one
Question: In mid-2010, which Apple device had higher sales than iPod?
Answer: iPhone
Question: With what iOS release did Apple standardize media apps on all their products?
Answer: iOS 5
Question: In what year did iPhone sales surpass those of iPods?
Answer: 2010
Question: What are the titles of the standard media apps on current Apple devices?
Answer: "Music" and "Videos" |
Context: The limited standardization of analog HDTV in the 1990s did not lead to global HDTV adoption as technical and economic constraints at the time did not permit HDTV to use bandwidths greater than normal television.
Question: What constraints kept HDTV from being widely adopted in the 90's?
Answer: technical and economic
Question: What was HDTV not permitted to do in the 90's?
Answer: use bandwidths greater than normal television
Question: What constraints kept SDTV from being widely adopted in the 90's?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was SDTV not permitted to do in the 90's?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921, has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991, and of NATO since 29 March 2004, as well as the European Union since 1 May 2004. Estonia is also a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) and the Nordic Investment Bank (NIB). As an OSCE participating State, Estonia's international commitments are subject to monitoring under the mandate of the U.S. Helsinki Commission. Estonia has also signed the Kyoto Protocol.
Question: What date did Estonia join the League of Nations?
Answer: 22 September 1921
Question: What date did Estonia join the United Nations?
Answer: 17 September 1991
Question: What date did Estonia join NATO?
Answer: 29 March 2004
Question: What date did Estonia join the European Union?
Answer: 1 May 2004 |
Context: In the Netherlands, the Supreme Court of the Netherlands is the highest. Its decisions, known as "arresten", are absolutely final. The court is banned from testing legislation against the constitution, pursuant to the principle of the sovereignty of the States-General; the court can, however, test legislation against some treaties. Also, the ordinary courts in the Netherlands, including the Hoge Raad, do not deal with administrative law, which is dealt with in separate administrative courts, the highest of which is the Council of State (Raad van State)
Question: Decisions of the Dutch Supreme Court are called what?
Answer: arresten
Question: The Supreme Court of the Netherlands cannot interpret what?
Answer: legislation against the constitution
Question: What areas of interpretative oversight does the supreme court have?
Answer: legislation against some treaties
Question: Holland's regular court system does not handle cases related to what area of law?
Answer: administrative law
Question: The high court for administrative law is also known as what?
Answer: Council of State (Raad van State)
Question: What is another term for the Supreme Court of the Netherlands?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the court banned from according to the principle of the States-General?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the term for the Council of States-General?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of a court that deals with administrative law?
Answer: Unanswerable |
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