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Context: Handshake packets consist of only a single PID byte, and are generally sent in response to data packets. Error detection is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form. Three basic types are ACK, indicating that data was successfully received, NAK, indicating that the data cannot be received and should be retried, and STALL, indicating that the device has an error condition and cannot transfer data until some corrective action (such as device initialization) occurs. Question: Handshake packets consist of only a single what? Answer: PID byte Question: When are handshake packets generally sent? Answer: in response to data packets Question: What is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form? Answer: Error detection
Context: The net quality of a ground reflection depends on the topography of the surface. When the irregularities of the surface are much smaller than the wavelength, we are in the regime of specular reflection, and the receiver sees both the real antenna and an image of the antenna under the ground due to reflection. But if the ground has irregularities not small compared to the wavelength, reflections will not be coherent but shifted by random phases. With shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies), this is generally the case. Question: What is the net quality of the ground dependent of? Answer: topography Question: What is the reason for the receiver seeing both the ral antenna and image of the antenna? Answer: reflection Question: What frequencies is associated with shorter wavelengths? Answer: higher frequencies Question: When will reflections not be coherent? Answer: ground has irregularities
Context: The city has a strong higher education sector. The University of Southampton and Southampton Solent University together have a student population of over 40,000. Question: Is Southampton's higher education sector weak or strong? Answer: strong Question: What's the combined student population of the two major universities in Southampton? Answer: over 40,000 Question: What's the name of the institution of higher learning with "Solent" in its name? Answer: Southampton Solent University
Context: The Farmington Canal Trail is a rail trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal. Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from downtown, through Hamden and into Cheshire, making bicycle commuting between New Haven and those suburbs possible. The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine. Question: What rail trail is slated to run between downtown New Haven and Northampton, Massachusetts? Answer: The Farmington Canal Trail Question: What historic trail does the Farmington Canal Trail follow? Answer: New Haven and Northampton Company Question: What canal lies adjacent to the Historic New Haven and Northamption company trail? Answer: Farmington Canal Question: What proposed bike path, projected connect every major city on the eastern seaboard, is part of the Farmington Canal Trail? Answer: East Coast Greenway Question: What is the name of the trail that runs from to New Haven all the way to Eastern Massachusetts? Answer: Farmington Canal Trail Question: Part of the rail trail is also accessible by what form of transportation? Answer: bicycle Question: Segments of the Farmington Canal is also part of which bicycle trail? Answer: East Coast Greenway Question: In terms of length, how long is the East Coast Greenway trail if it stretches from Maine to Florida? Answer: 3,000-mile
Context: The Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, established in 1881, is one of the oldest teaching museums in the country. The collection includes works from 19th, 20th, and 21st century American and European artists, including George Caleb Bingham, Thomas Cole, Pablo Picasso, Max Ernst, Alexander Calder, Jackson Pollock, Rembrandt, Robert Rauschenberg, Barbara Kruger, and Christian Boltanski. Also in the complex is the 3,000 sq ft (300 m2) Newman Money Museum. In October 2006, the Kemper Art Museum moved from its previous location, Steinberg Hall, into a new facility designed by former faculty member Fumihiko Maki. Interestingly, the new Kemper Art Museum is located directly across from Steinberg Hall, which was Maki's very first commission in 1959. Question: When was the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum established? Answer: 1881 Question: From what centuries does the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum have collections? Answer: 19th, 20th, and 21st century Question: When did the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum changed locations? Answer: 2006 Question: Who designed the new location of the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum? Answer: Fumihiko Maki Question: What facility was Fumihiko Maki's first commission? Answer: Steinberg Hall Question: What is the oldest teaching museum in the country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was George Caleb Bingham born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Newman Money Museum established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How big is the Kemper Art Museum? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who designed the Newman Money Museum? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the U.S. News & World Report's "America’s Best Colleges" 2016 issue, KU’s School of Engineering was ranked tied for 90th among national universities. Question: Who published America's Best Colleges in 2016? Answer: U.S. News & World Report Question: In what place did the engineering school at KU appear in 2016? Answer: 90th Question: Against what other kinds of institutions was KU's engineering school compared? Answer: national universities Question: Who published America's Best Colleges in 2015? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who published America's Worst Colleges in 2016? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what place did the engineering school at UK appear in 2016? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what place did the engineering school at KU appear in 2015? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Against what other kinds of institutions was KU's med school compared? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The original post-punk movement ended as the bands associated with the movement turned away from its aesthetics, often in favor of more commercial sounds. Many of these groups would continue recording as part of the new pop movement, with entryism becoming a popular concept. In the United States, driven by MTV and modern rock radio stations, a number of post-punk acts had an influence on or became part of the Second British Invasion of "New Music" there. Some shifted to a more commercial new wave sound (such as Gang of Four), while others were fixtures on American college radio and became early examples of alternative rock. Perhaps the most successful band to emerge from post-punk was U2, who combined elements of religious imagery together with political commentary into their often anthemic music. Question: How did bands associated with the original post-punk movement cause it to end? Answer: turned away from its aesthetics Question: What type of music did many of the post-punk bands start indulging in? Answer: pop Question: What venue drove a lot of the awareness of the music from the now pop post-punk bands? Answer: MTV Question: Where was a lot of the post-punk pop bands played in addition to MTV? Answer: American college radio Question: What band combined religious imagery with political commentary into their music? Answer: U2 Question: What was the death knell of the post-punk movement? Answer: commercial sounds Question: What else would the post-punk bands record under? Answer: pop Question: What was one of the most popular concepts of the pop movement? Answer: entryism Question: What was a driving force behind the revival of the second British Invasion of New Music to America? Answer: MTV and modern rock radio stations Question: Who was the most successful band to arrise from post-punk? Answer: U2 Question: What did bands associated with post-punk never turn away from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was post-punk not driven by MTV or modern rock radio stations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who decided not to shift their sound? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which bands were least successful during post-punk? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A popular trend in this era was remixing dance music hits into adult contemporary ballads, especially in the US, (for example, the "Candlelight Mix" versions of "Heaven" by DJ Sammy, "Listen To Your Heart" by D.H.T., and "Everytime We Touch" by Cascada). Adult contemporary has long characterized itself as family-friendly, but edited versions of "Perfect" by P!nk and "Forget You" by Cee Lo Green showed up in the format in 2011. Question: What was the name of DJ Sammy's mix of "Heaven"? Answer: the "Candlelight Mix" Question: Who recorded the song "Listen To Your Heart"? Answer: D.H.T. Question: Who is known for the song "Everytime We Touch"? Answer: Cascada Question: What artist performed the song "Forget You"? Answer: Cee Lo Green Question: What version of P!nk's "Perfect" appeared on adult contemporary radio in 2011? Answer: edited
Context: Brazil's Atlantic Forest is considered one such hotspot, containing roughly 20,000 plant species, 1,350 vertebrates, and millions of insects, about half of which occur nowhere else.[citation needed] The island of Madagascar and India are also particularly notable. Colombia is characterized by high biodiversity, with the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide and it has the largest number of endemics (species that are not found naturally anywhere else) of any country. About 10% of the species of the Earth can be found in Colombia, including over 1,900 species of bird, more than in Europe and North America combined, Colombia has 10% of the world’s mammals species, 14% of the amphibian species, and 18% of the bird species of the world. Madagascar dry deciduous forests and lowland rainforests possess a high ratio of endemism.[citation needed] Since the island separated from mainland Africa 66 million years ago, many species and ecosystems have evolved independently.[citation needed] Indonesia's 17,000 islands cover 735,355 square miles (1,904,560 km2) and contain 10% of the world's flowering plants, 12% of mammals, and 17% of reptiles, amphibians and birds—along with nearly 240 million people. Many regions of high biodiversity and/or endemism arise from specialized habitats which require unusual adaptations, for example, alpine environments in high mountains, or Northern European peat bogs.[citation needed] Question: How many plant species does Brazil's Atlantic Forest contain? Answer: 20,000 plant species Question: How many vertebrates does Brazil's Atlantic Forest contain? Answer: 1,350 vertebrates Question: Which country has the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide? Answer: Colombia Question: Which country has about 10% of the species on Earth? Answer: Colombia Question: What island separated from mainland Africa 66 million years ago? Answer: Madagascar Question: How many plant species does Africa contain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many vertebrates does Africa contain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which country has the highest rate of mammals by area unit worldwide? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which country has about 12 percent of the species on Earth? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What island separated from Africa 240 million years ago? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: 20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, the relationship between the plant genome and most aspects of the biochemistry, physiology, morphology and behaviour of plants can be subjected to detailed experimental analysis. The concept originally stated by Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902 that all plant cells are totipotent and can be grown in vitro ultimately enabled the use of genetic engineering experimentally to knock out a gene or genes responsible for a specific trait, or to add genes such as GFP that report when a gene of interest is being expressed. These technologies enable the biotechnological use of whole plants or plant cell cultures grown in bioreactors to synthesise pesticides, antibiotics or other pharmaceuticals, as well as the practical application of genetically modified crops designed for traits such as improved yield. Question: What enables scientists to better study plants now? Answer: modern techniques of organic chemical analysis Question: What opened the door to plant genetic engineering? Answer: all plant cells are totipotent Question: Who introduced the idea that cells could be grown in vitro? Answer: Gottlieb Haberlandt
Context: Monotheists hold that there is only one god, and may claim that the one true god is worshiped in different religions under different names. The view that all theists actually worship the same god, whether they know it or not, is especially emphasized in Hinduism and Sikhism. In Christianity, the doctrine of the Trinity describes God as one God in three persons. The Trinity comprises God the Father, God the Son (Jesus), and God the Holy Spirit. Islam's most fundamental concept is tawhid (meaning "oneness" or "uniqueness"). God is described in the Quran as: "Say: He is Allah, the One and Only; Allah, the Eternal, Absolute; He begetteth not, nor is He begotten; And there is none like unto Him." Muslims repudiate the Christian doctrine of the Trinity and divinity of Jesus, comparing it to polytheism. In Islam, God is beyond all comprehension or equal and does not resemble any of his creations in any way. Thus, Muslims are not iconodules, and are not expected to visualize God. Question: What do Muslims believe that Trinitism too closely resembles? Answer: polytheism Question: Which belief is expected to never try and visualize God? Answer: iconodules Question: What is the most basic belief of the Muslim religion? Answer: tawhid Question: What religious text helps reinforce to Muslims that Christianity is more like polytheism? Answer: Quran Question: What is the meaning behind the Muslim concept of tawhid? Answer: "oneness" or "uniqueness" Question: What do monotheists believe? Answer: one god Question: What religion believes that all theist worship the same god? Answer: Hinduism and Sikhism Question: What is the trinity in Christianity? Answer: one God in three persons Question: What do Muslims think of Christianity? Answer: comparing it to polytheism Question: What are Christians not expected to do, since they are iconodules? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What view about monotheists is emphasized by Islam? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Trinity doctrine describe according to theists? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do Hindus compare the divinity of Jesus to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In Christianity what does Jesus not resemble? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Poverty is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea in a population. This association does not stem from poverty itself, but rather from the conditions under which impoverished people live. The absence of certain resources compromises the ability of the poor to defend themselves against infectious diarrhea. "Poverty is associated with poor housing, crowding, dirt floors, lack of access to clean water or to sanitary disposal of fecal waste (sanitation), cohabitation with domestic animals that may carry human pathogens, and a lack of refrigerated storage for food, all of which increase the frequency of diarrhea... Poverty also restricts the ability to provide age-appropriate, nutritionally balanced diets or to modify diets when diarrhea develops so as to mitigate and repair nutrient losses. The impact is exacerbated by the lack of adequate, available, and affordable medical care." Question: What is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea? Answer: Poverty Question: Why does living in poverty raise your risk of diarrhea? Answer: from the conditions under which impoverished people live Question: What causes this to be exacerbated? Answer: the lack of adequate, available, and affordable medical care. Question: What indicates the rate of medical care? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why does poverty raise your risk of nutrient losses? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What prevents poor people from defending against human pathogens? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some examples that the lack of affordable medical care is associated with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What restricts the ability to provide sanitation? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Consent is also invalid if it is given by a representative who ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign during the negotiations, if the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing.[citation needed] Question: If a state's representative ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign, what might that state's consent to a treaty be considered to be? Answer: invalid Question: Who might place restrictions on a representative during negotiation of a treaty? Answer: his sovereign Question: What must be true of the ignored restrictions placed on a representative by his sovereign in order for a state's consent to a treaty to be considered invalid? Answer: the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing Question: Who must have been notified of the ignored restrictions placed by a sovereign on his representative prior to the signing of a treaty in order for a state's consent to be considered invalid? Answer: the other parties
Context: Greek citizens who are Roman Catholic are estimated to be at around 50,000 with the Roman Catholic immigrant community in the country approximately 200,000. Old Calendarists account for 500,000 followers. Protestants, including Greek Evangelical Church and Free Evangelical Churches, stand at about 30,000. Assemblies of God, International Church of the Foursquare Gospel and other Pentecostal churches of the Greek Synod of Apostolic Church have 12,000 members. Independent Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost is the biggest Protestant denomination in Greece with 120 churches. There are not official statistics about Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost, but the Orthodox Church estimates the followers as 20,000. The Jehovah's Witnesses report having 28,874 active members. In recent years there has been a small-scale revival of the ancient Greek religion, with estimates of 2,000 people active practitioners, and 100,000 "sympathisers". Question: How many Greek natural citizens are Catholic? Answer: 50,000 Question: How many Roman Catholic immigrants are in Greece? Answer: 200,000 Question: How many Protestants live in Greece? Answer: 30,000 Question: How many churches does the biggest Protestant denomination have? Answer: 120 Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses are in Greece? Answer: 28,874
Context: However, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Antony and Cleopatra. Octavian was granted a series of special powers including sole "imperium" within the city of Rome, permanent consular powers and credit for every Roman military victory, since all future generals were assumed to be acting under his command. In 27 BC Octavian was granted the use of the names "Augustus" and "Princeps", indicating his primary status above all other Romans, and he adopted the title "Imperator Caesar" making him the first Roman Emperor. Question: What failure caused the the flares of civil war to spark up again? Answer: Second Triumvirate of Octavian Question: Who defeated Cleopatra and Mark Antony at the Battle of Actium? Answer: Octavian Question: In what year was Octavian first allowed to use the names Augustus and Princeps? Answer: 27 BC Question: Who has been designated as the first Emperor of Rome? Answer: Octavian Question: Which individual was granted permanent consular powers? Answer: Octavian
Context: Almost all Protestant denominations are represented in Paris, with 74 evangelical churches from various denominations, including 21 parishes of the United Protestant Church of France and two parishes of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints. There are several important churches for the English-speaking community: the American Church in Paris, founded in 1814, was the first American church outside the United States; the current church was finished in 1931. The Saint George's Anglican Church in the 16th arrondissement is the principal Anglican church in the city. Question: How many evangelical churches are there in Paris? Answer: 74 Question: How many parishes of the LDS church are in Paris? Answer: two Question: When was the American Church in Paris founded? Answer: 1814 Question: What is the principal Anglican church in Paris? Answer: Saint George's Anglican Church
Context: In 1984, he was appointed as a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom on the advice of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". Hayek had hoped to receive a baronetcy, and after he was awarded the CH he sent a letter to his friends requesting that he be called the English version of Friedrich (Frederick) from now on. After his 20 min audience with the Queen, he was "absolutely besotted" with her according to his daughter-in-law, Esca Hayek. Hayek said a year later that he was "amazed by her. That ease and skill, as if she'd known me all my life." The audience with the Queen was followed by a dinner with family and friends at the Institute of Economic Affairs. When, later that evening, Hayek was dropped off at the Reform Club, he commented: "I've just had the happiest day of my life." Question: What group was Hayek inducted into by the Queen of England? Answer: Order of the Companions of Honour Question: Who suggest Hayek for the honor of joining the Order? Answer: Margaret Thatcher Question: In 1984, what was Margaret Thatcher's position within the British government? Answer: Prime Minister Question: How did Hayek wish to be referred to after his 1984 award? Answer: Frederick Question: At the end of the same day Hayek met with the Queen of England, what did he say? Answer: "I've just had the happiest day of my life."
Context: The album garnered critical acclaim. Ray of Light was honored with four Grammy Awards. In 2003, Slant Magazine called it "one of the great pop masterpieces of the '90s" and Rolling Stone listed it among "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Commercially, the album peaked at number one in numerous countries and sold more than 16 million copies worldwide. The album's first single, "Frozen", became Madonna's first single to debut at number one in the UK, while in the U.S. it became her sixth number-two single, setting another record for Madonna as the artist with the most number two hits. The second single, "Ray of Light", debuted at number five on the Billboard Hot 100. Question: How many Emmy awards did Ray of Light won? Answer: four Question: Who listed Ray of Light as "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time?" Answer: Rolling Stone Question: How many albums did Ray of Light sell worldwide? Answer: 16 million copies Question: Which single in the album made it to the UK number one? Answer: Frozen Question: The single Ray of Light debut at which number of the Billboard Hot 100? Answer: five
Context: The decline of Catalan continued in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Catalan defeat in the War of Spanish Succession (1714) initiated a series of measures imposing the use of Spanish in legal documentation. Question: What declined in the 16th and 17th centuries? Answer: Catalan Question: Where did Catalan experience defeat? Answer: War of Spanish Succession Question: When was the war of Spanish Succession? Answer: 1714 Question: What did the war in 1714 mandate as the proper language in documentation? Answer: Spanish Question: Who was defeated in the War of Spanish Succession? Answer: Catalan
Context: Groups share a fundamental kinship with the notion of symmetry. For example, a symmetry group encodes symmetry features of a geometrical object: the group consists of the set of transformations that leave the object unchanged and the operation of combining two such transformations by performing one after the other. Lie groups are the symmetry groups used in the Standard Model of particle physics; Point groups are used to help understand symmetry phenomena in molecular chemistry; and Poincaré groups can express the physical symmetry underlying special relativity. Question: What shares an essential relationship to groups? Answer: symmetry Question: What are the symmetry groups utilized as a part of the Standard Model particle physics? Answer: Lie groups Question: What groups are are utilized toward comprehending symmetry wonders in chemistry? Answer: Point groups Question: What groups can express the physical symmetry hidden behind special relativity? Answer: Poincaré groups Question: What encodes a symmetry group? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are groups dissimilar to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Point groups are used in what form of physics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Poincare groups are used to understand molecular what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do Lie groups express in terms of special relativity? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Organized crime has long been associated with New York City, beginning with the Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards in the Five Points in the 1820s. The 20th century saw a rise in the Mafia, dominated by the Five Families, as well as in gangs, including the Black Spades. The Mafia presence has declined in the city in the 21st century. Question: The first major crime groups in NYC were in the 1820s known as what? Answer: Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards Question: What group controlled the Mafia in New York in the 20th century? Answer: the Five Families Question: The Forth Thieves and Roach Guards were two gangs that operated in what area of New York in the 1820s? Answer: the Five Points Question: What was a notable 20th century gang in New York? Answer: the Black Spades
Context: Orly Airport, located in the southern suburbs of Paris, replaced Le Bourget as the principal airport of Paris from the 1950s to the 1980s. Charles de Gaulle Airport, located on the edge of the northern suburbs of Paris, opened to commercial traffic in 1974 and became the busiest Parisian airport in 1993. Today it is the 4th busiest airport in the world by international traffic, and is the hub for the nation's flag carrier Air France. Beauvais-Tillé Airport, located 69 km (43 mi) north of Paris' city centre, is used by charter airlines and low-cost carriers such as Ryanair. Question: What airport does Ryanair use? Answer: Beauvais-Tillé Airport Question: Where is the hub for Air France? Answer: Charles de Gaulle Airport Question: What is the busiest airport in Paris? Answer: Charles de Gaulle Airport Question: Where is Orly airport located? Answer: southern suburbs of Paris
Context: The first attempts to use standard-frequency single-phase AC were made in Hungary as far back as 1923, by the Hungarian Kálmán Kandó on the line between Budapest-Nyugati and Alag, using 16 kV at 50 Hz. The locomotives carried a four-pole rotating phase converter feeding a single traction motor of the polyphase induction type at 600 to 1,100 V. The number of poles on the 2,500 hp motor could be changed using slip rings to run at one of four synchronous speeds. The tests were a success so, from 1932 until the 1960s, trains on the Budapest-Hegyeshalom line (towards Vienna) regularly used the same system. A few decades after the Second World War, the 16 kV was changed to the Russian and later French 25 kV system. Question: What country has first tried to use single-phase AC? Answer: Hungary Question: What frequency did the line of Hungarian rail system used in 1923? Answer: 16 kV at 50 Hz Question: What type of the converter was used in hungarian locomotives of that time? Answer: four-pole rotating phase converter Question: How could the locomotives run on four speed levels? Answer: motor could be changed using slip rings Question: What system was adopted in Hungary after WWII? Answer: Russian Question: The number of poles on the 5,000 hp motor could be changed using what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The first attempt to use standard-frequency double-phase AC were made in what country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The locomotives carrying a three-pole rotating phase converter could feed what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The first attempt to use standard-frequency double-phase AC were made in what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During the Second World War, the 16 kV was changed to what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Most of the space in the brain is taken up by axons, which are often bundled together in what are called nerve fiber tracts. A myelinated axon is wrapped in a fatty insulating sheath of myelin, which serves to greatly increase the speed of signal propagation. (There are also unmyelinated axons). Myelin is white, making parts of the brain filled exclusively with nerve fibers appear as light-colored white matter, in contrast to the darker-colored grey matter that marks areas with high densities of neuron cell bodies. Question: Axons grouped together are known as what? Answer: nerve fiber tracts Question: An axon that can greatly increase speed of signals is wrapped in what? Answer: sheath of myelin Question: Myelin is what color in the brain? Answer: white Question: Most of the space in the brain is made up of what structures? Answer: axons Question: Grey matter of the brain consist of lots of what? Answer: neuron cell bodies
Context: Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time. Question: What term is used interchangeably with daylight saving time? Answer: summer time Question: What period of time do we set our clocks forward in DST? Answer: one hour Question: What do we get an extra hour of because we set the clocks forward? Answer: daylight Question: In what season do regions who practice DST set the clocks back one hour? Answer: autumn Question: By setting the clocks forward, the normal time of what daily event is disrupted? Answer: sunrise
Context: A videoconference system is generally higher cost than a videophone and deploys greater capabilities. A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint control unit (a centralized distribution and call management system) or by a similar non-centralized multipoint capability embedded in each videoconferencing unit. Again, technology improvements have circumvented traditional definitions by allowing multiple party videoconferencing via web-based applications. Question: What is a video-conference also known as? Answer: videoteleconference Question: What does a video-conference use that allows communication in live situations? Answer: a multipoint control unit Question: What is a multi-point control unit? Answer: call management system Question: How does video-conferencing allow multiple parties to communicate with each other? Answer: web-based applications Question: How many locations can one use videoconferencing for? Answer: two or more Question: What is a web-based application more expensive than? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does a videophone allow live communication? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a videophone also known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many locations can you use a videophone in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have videophones allowed by going around traditional definitions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Macintosh project was begun in 1979 by Jef Raskin, an Apple employee who envisioned an easy-to-use, low-cost computer for the average consumer. He wanted to name the computer after his favorite type of apple, the McIntosh, but the spelling was changed to "Macintosh" for legal reasons as the original was the same spelling as that used by McIntosh Laboratory, Inc., the audio equipment manufacturer. Steve Jobs requested that McIntosh Laboratory give Apple a release for the name with its changed spelling so that Apple could use it, but the request was denied, forcing Apple to eventually buy the rights to use the name. (A 1984 Byte Magazine article suggested Apple changed the spelling only after "early users" misspelled "McIntosh". However, Jef Raskin had adopted the Macintosh spelling by 1981, when the Macintosh computer was still a single prototype machine in the lab. This explanation further clashes with the first explanation given above that the change was made for "legal reasons.") Question: Who began the Macintosh project in 1979? Answer: Jef Raskin Question: What was Jef Raskin's profession? Answer: an Apple employee Question: What did Jef Raskin envision for a computer to be for an average consumer? Answer: easy-to-use, low-cost Question: Why was the spelling of McIntosh changed to Macintosh? Answer: for legal reasons Question: What did McIntosh Laboratory, Inc. manufacture? Answer: audio equipment Question: Who began the Macintosh project in 1997? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What wasn't Jef Raskin's profession? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Jef Raskin envision for a computer to be for an average business? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why wasn't the spelling of McIntosh changed to Macintosh? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did MacIntosh Laboratory, Inc. manufacture? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The semi-arid high plains in the state's northwestern corner harbor few natural forests; the region has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small, sky island mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita Mountains dot southwestern Oklahoma; transitional prairie and oak savannahs cover the central portion of the state. The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction. Question: What is an example of a mesa range? Answer: Glass Mountains Question: What part of Oklahoma is the Antelope Hills in? Answer: southwestern Question: What part of Oklahoma has oak savannahs? Answer: central Question: What mountains are in Oklahoma's eastern third? Answer: The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains Question: In which direction do the Ozark mountains get higher? Answer: eastward
Context: After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz), from April 1, 1937, the area of the city-state was extended, while Lübeck lost its independence and became part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein. Question: When did the Nazi Party seize power? Answer: January 1933 Question: What happened to the Länder as they lost importance during the Nazi regime? Answer: They became administrative regions Question: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with which state? Answer: Mecklenburg-Strelitz Question: When did the Greater Hamburg Act occur? Answer: April 1, 1937 Question: Which Prussian province did Lübeck become a part of? Answer: Schleswig-Holstein Question: Who seized power in January of 1934? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did the Lander increase in power after 1933? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What act allowed the reduction of the area for the united Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who gained their independence in 1937? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Schleswig-Holstein become a part of the Prussian province? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Until the Church Building Act of 1818, the period saw relatively few churches built in Britain, which was already well-supplied, although in the later years of the period the demand for Non-conformist and Roman Catholic places of worship greatly increased. Anglican churches that were built were designed internally to allow maximum audibility, and visibility, for preaching, so the main nave was generally wider and shorter than in medieval plans, and often there were no side-aisles. Galleries were common in new churches. Especially in country parishes, the external appearance generally retained the familiar signifiers of a Gothic church, with a tower or spire, a large west front with one or more doors, and very large windows along the nave, but all with any ornament drawn from the classical vocabulary. Where funds permitted, a classical temple portico with columns and a pediment might be used at the west front. Decoration inside was very limited, but churches filled up with monuments to the prosperous. Question: What act spurred to building of new churches in Britain? Answer: Church Building Act of 1818 Question: The later years of the period saw the demand for which places of worship increase? Answer: Non-conformist and Roman Catholic Question: What were Anglican churches internally designed for? Answer: maximum audibility, and visibility Question: What were common in new churches? Answer: Galleries Question: Churches filled up with monuments to what? Answer: monuments to the prosperous Question: What act slowed the building of churches in Britain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were filled with monuments to God? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What places of worship were in demand in the early years of this period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was uncommon in the new churches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was used in front of the church when funds were limited? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Bird migration is primarily, but not entirely, a Northern Hemisphere phenomenon. This is because land birds in high northern latitudes, where food becomes scarce in winter, leave for areas further south (including the Southern Hemisphere) to overwinter, and because the continental landmass is much larger in the Northern Hemisphere. In contrast, among (pelagic) seabirds, species of the Southern Hemisphere are more likely to migrate. This is because there is a large area of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere, and more islands suitable for seabirds to nest. Question: In which hemisphere does bird migration primarily happen? Answer: Northern Question: Where do birds from high northern latitutes migrate to? Answer: south Question: Why do birds migrate south in winter? Answer: food becomes scarce Question: Which species of seabirds are more likely to migrate? Answer: species of the Southern Hemisphere Question: Why are seabirds from the southern hemisphere more likely to migrate? Answer: there is a large area of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere
Context: During the fighting, the Communards killed c. 500 people, including the Archbishop of Paris, and burned down many government buildings, including the Tuileries Palace and the Hotel de Ville. Communards captured with weapons were routinely shot by the army and Government troops killed from 7,000–30,000 Communards in the fighting and in massacres of men, women, and children during and after the Commune. More recent histories, based on studies of the number buried in Paris cemeteries and in mass graves after the fall of the Commune, put the number killed at between 6,000 and 10,000. Twenty-six courts were established to try more than 40,000 people who had been arrested, which took until 1875 and imposed 95 death sentences, of which 23 were inflicted. Forced labour for life was imposed on 251 people, 1,160 people were transported to "a fortified place" and 3,417 people were transported. About 20,000 Communards were held in prison hulks until released in 1872 and a great many Communards fled abroad to England, Switzerland, Belgium or the United States. The survivors were amnestied by a bill introduced by Gambetta in 1880 and allowed to return. Question: How many were killed by the Communards? Answer: 500 people Question: Which religious official was also killed during the fighting? Answer: Archbishop of Paris Question: What type of buildings were especially targeted to be burned down? Answer: government buildings Question: What famous palace was also burned down? Answer: Tuileries Palace Question: What is the rough estimate of the number of people killed? Answer: between 6,000 and 10,000
Context: During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. No single state comprised more than 30% of either population or territory; this was intended to prevent any one state from being as dominant within Germany as Prussia had been in the past. Initially, only seven of the pre-War states remained: Baden (in part), Bavaria (reduced in size), Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse (enlarged), Saxony, and Thuringia. The states with hyphenated names, such as Rhineland-Palatinate, North Rhine-Westphalia, and Saxony-Anhalt, owed their existence to the occupation powers and were created out of mergers of former Prussian provinces and smaller states. Former German territory that lie east of the Oder-Neisse Line fell under either Polish or Soviet administration but attempts were made at least symbolically not to abandon sovereignty well into the 1960s. However, no attempts were made to establish new states in these territories as they lay outside the jurisdiction of West Germany at that time. Question: Who redrew Germany's internal borders after World War II? Answer: Allied military governments Question: No single state comprised of how much of the population after World War II? Answer: 30% Question: After WWII how many states initially remained in Germany? Answer: seven Question: Former German territory that lie east of the Oder-Neisse Line went under which countries administration? Answer: Polish or Soviet administration Question: How many made to establish new states in the territories lying east of the Oder-Neisse Line? Answer: no attempts Question: Who was responsible for changing Prussia's internal borders? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did no single Rhineland make up more of in population or territory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In the beginning how many states were left in Prussia after WWII? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Under who's administration were the occupation powers east of the Oder-Neisse Line? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was not abandoned in territory east of Prussia until after WWII? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was redrawn during the allied occupation after WW I Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who redrew internal borders after WW I? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What place comprised 30% of territory after WW II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did the territory belong to that was west of the Oder-Neisse Line? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were attempts to abandon sovereignty made? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The armillary sphere, a three-dimensional representation of the movements in the celestial sphere, was invented in Han China by the 1st century BC. Using a water clock, waterwheel and a series of gears, the Court Astronomer Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) was able to mechanically rotate his metal-ringed armillary sphere. To address the problem of slowed timekeeping in the pressure head of the inflow water clock, Zhang was the first in China to install an additional tank between the reservoir and inflow vessel. Zhang also invented a seismometer (Houfeng didong yi 候风地动仪) in 132 AD to detect the exact cardinal or ordinal direction of earthquakes from hundreds of kilometers away. This employed an inverted pendulum that, when disturbed by ground tremors, would trigger a set of gears that dropped a metal ball from one of eight dragon mouths (representing all eight directions) into a metal toad's mouth. Question: Who was responsible for the invention of the seismometer? Answer: Zhang Heng Question: In what year was the seismometer first invented? Answer: 132 AD Question: What invention included an inverted pendulum? Answer: seismometer Question: How many dragons were represented in Zhang Heng's invention of the seismometer? Answer: eight Question: What was exchanged from mouth to mouth in the usage of the seismometer? Answer: metal ball
Context: The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as "Lucky Cloud". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe. Question: What is the Chinese design used on the Olympic Torch? Answer: Lucky Cloud Question: What is the Olympic Torch made from? Answer: aluminum. Question: How much does the Olympic Torch weigh? Answer: 985 grams Question: What is used to light the flame on the Olympic Torch? Answer: An ignition key Question: What was the design name of the Chinese Olympic Torch? Answer: Lucky Cloud Question: What metal is the torch constructed from? Answer: aluminum. Question: What wind speed will the torch flame still stay lit in MPH? Answer: 37 Question: How much rainfall in inches per hour can the torch stay lit under? Answer: 2 Question: What fuel is used for the torch? Answer: propane.
Context: The Pacific War saw the Allied powers pitted against the Empire of Japan, the latter briefly aided by Thailand and to a much lesser extent by its Axis allies, Germany and Italy. The war culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and other large aerial bomb attacks by the United States Army Air Forces, accompanied by the Soviet invasion of Manchuria on 8 August 1945, resulting in the Japanese announcement of intent to surrender on 15 August 1945. The formal and official surrender of Japan took place aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay on 2 September 1945. Following its defeat, Japan's Shinto Emperor stepped down as the divine leader through the Shinto Directive, because the Allied Powers believed this was the major political cause of Japan's military aggression and deconstruction process soon took place to install a new liberal-democratic constitution to the Japanese public as the current Constitution of Japan. Question: What events ended the war with Japan? Answer: atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Question: On what date did Japan surrender? Answer: 2 September 1945 Question: Where did Japan's surrender occur? Answer: aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay Question: What changed in the ruling of Japan after the war? Answer: a new liberal-democratic constitution Question: What was the process called whereby the leader of Japan stepped down? Answer: Shinto Directive Question: What nation were the allies against? Answer: Japan Question: What nations comprised the Axis? Answer: Germany and Italy Question: What cities were destroyed by atom bombs? Answer: Hiroshima and Nagasaki Question: When did the Soviet Union invade Manchuria? Answer: 8 August 1945
Context: Hazards to aircraft include debris, nesting birds, and reduced friction levels due to environmental conditions such as ice, snow, or rain. Part of runway maintenance is airfield rubber removal which helps maintain friction levels. The fields must be kept clear of debris using cleaning equipment so that loose material does not become a projectile and enter an engine duct (see foreign object damage). In adverse weather conditions, ice and snow clearing equipment can be used to improve traction on the landing strip. For waiting aircraft, equipment is used to spray special deicing fluids on the wings. Question: What includes debris and nesting birds? Answer: Hazards to aircraft Question: What is one part of runway maintenance that helps maintain friction levels? Answer: airfield rubber removal Question: In adverse weather conditions, what can be used to improve traction on the landing strip? Answer: ice and snow clearing equipment Question: What is one hazard to nesting birds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What helps maintain environmental conditions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why must the field be kept clear of nesting birds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What helps improve traction on airfield rubber? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For what kind of aircraft is deicing fluid sprayed on the airfield? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Bohemia prospered in the 14th century, and the Golden Bull of 1356 made the king of Bohemia first among the imperial electors, but the Hussite revolution threw the country into crisis. The Holy Roman Empire passed to the Habsburgs in 1438, where it remained until its dissolution in 1806. Yet in spite of the extensive territories held by the Habsburgs, the Empire itself remained fragmented, and much real power and influence lay with the individual principalities. In addition, financial institutions, such as the Hanseatic League and the Fugger family, held great power, on both economic and a political levels. Question: In what year was the Holy Roman Empire dissolved? Answer: 1806 Question: In what year did a Golden Bull make the king of Bohemia first among the imperial electors? Answer: 1356 Question: The Hanseatic League was what type of institution? Answer: financial Question: In 1438, control of the Holy Roman Empire passed to what dynasty? Answer: the Habsburgs Question: In what year was the Holy Roman Empire saved? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did a Silver Bull make the king of Bohemia first among the imperial electors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did a Golden Bull make the king of Bohemia last among the imperial electors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Hanseatic League wasn't what type of institution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1483, control of the Holy Roman Empire passed to what dynasty? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After completing filming on Ready Player One, while it is in its lengthy, effects-heavy post-production, he will film his long-planned adaptation of David Kertzer's acclaimed The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. The book follows the true story of a young Jewish boy in 1858 Italy who was secretly baptized by a family servant and then kidnapped from his family by the Papal States, where he was raised and trained as a priest, causing international outrage and becoming a media sensation. First announced in 2014, the book has been adapted by Tony Kushner and the film will again star Mark Rylance, as Pope Pius IX. It will be filmed in early 2017 for release at the end of that year, before Ready Player One is completed and released in 2018. Question: Who wrote 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara'? Answer: David Kertzer Question: When does 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara' take place? Answer: 1858 Question: Where does 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara' take place? Answer: Italy Question: Who plays Pope Pius IX in 'The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara'? Answer: Mark Rylance Question: When is 'Ready Player One' planned to be released? Answer: 2018 Question: In what year did The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara book get published? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year does most of The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara take place? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who will play the family servant in The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did David Kertzer become a writer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the first movie adapted by Tony Kushner? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: By the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control. Imperial commissioners and garrisons were sent to Mongolia and Tibet to oversee their affairs. These territories were also under supervision of a central government institution called Lifan Yuan. Qinghai was also put under direct control of the Qing court. Xinjiang, also known as Chinese Turkestan, was subdivided into the regions north and south of the Tian Shan mountains, also known today as Dzungaria and Tarim Basin respectively, but the post of Ili General was established in 1762 to exercise unified military and administrative jurisdiction over both regions. Dzungaria was fully opened to Han migration by the Qianlong Emperor from the beginning. Han migrants were at first forbidden from permanently settling in the Tarim Basin but were the ban was lifted after the invasion by Jahangir Khoja in the 1820s. Likewise, Manchuria was also governed by military generals until its division into provinces, though some areas of Xinjiang and Northeast China were lost to the Russian Empire in the mid-19th century. Manchuria was originally separated from China proper by the Inner Willow Palisade, a ditch and embankment planted with willows intended to restrict the movement of the Han Chinese, as the area was off-limits to civilian Han Chinese until the government started colonizing the area, especially since the 1860s. Question: When did Tibet become part of Qing China? Answer: mid-18th century Question: What was the main government entity that ran the territories like Tibet? Answer: Lifan Yuan Question: What is another name for Chinese Turkestan? Answer: Xinjiang Question: Which emperor allowed Han migration to Dzungaria? Answer: Qianlong Question: Who first ran Manchuria? Answer: military generals
Context: Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt, bold. This is the most common diphthong along with /ɛi œy/. All three are commonly the only ones considered unique phonemes in Dutch. The tendency for native English speakers is to pronounce Dutch names with /ɛi/ (written as ij or ei) as /aɪ/, (like the English vowel y) which does not normally lead to confusion among native listeners, since in a number of dialects (e.g. in Amsterdam) the same pronunciation is heard. Question: What letter represents the sound native English speakers often use for Dutch names with "ij" or "ei" in them? Answer: y Question: How many unique phenomes are usually attributed to Dutch? Answer: three Question: What's the term we use for the type of sound made for two vowels in words like the Dutch "goud" or "zout"? Answer: diphthong Question: What pronunciation did the older Dutch ol/ul/al + dental evolve into? Answer: ol + dental
Context: John von Neumann also consulted for the ENIAC project. The electronics of the new ENIAC ran at one-sixth the speed, but this in no way degraded the ENIAC's performance, since it was still entirely I/O bound. Complicated programs could be developed and debugged in days rather than the weeks required for plugboarding the old ENIAC. Some of von Neumann's early computer programs have been preserved. The next computer that von Neumann designed was the IAS machine at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He arranged its financing, and the components were designed and built at the RCA Research Laboratory nearby. John von Neumann recommended that the IBM 701, nicknamed the defense computer include a magnetic drum. It was a faster version of the IAS machine and formed the basis for the commercially successful IBM 704. Question: What was the speed difference with new ENIAC? Answer: new ENIAC ran at one-sixth the speed Question: What were advantages for programming new ENIAC? Answer: programs could be developed and debugged in days rather than the weeks Question: After the design of IAS, who built the computer? Answer: RCA Research Laboratory
Context: Although Chinese characters in Vietnam are now limited to ceremonial uses, they were once in widespread use. Until the early 20th century, Literary Chinese was used in Vietnam for all official and scholarly writing. Around the 13th century the Nôm script was developed to record folk literature in the Vietnamese language. The script used Chinese characters to represent both borrowed Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and native words with similar pronunciation or meaning. In addition thousands of new compound characters were created to write Vietnamese words. This process resulted in a highly complex system that was never mastered by more than 5% of the population. Both Literary Chinese and Nôm were replaced in the early 20th century by Vietnamese written with the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet. Question: What is now limited to ceremonial uses? Answer: Chinese characters in Vietnam Question: What were once in widespread use? Answer: Chinese characters in Vietnam Question: What was used in schooling? Answer: Literary Chinese
Context: Yale and New Haven are working to build a medical and biotechnology research hub in the city and Greater New Haven region, and are succeeding to some extent.[citation needed] The city, state and Yale together run Science Park, a large site three blocks northwest of Yale's Science Hill campus. This multi-block site, approximately bordered by Mansfield Street, Division Street, and Shelton Avenue, is the former home of Winchester's and Olin Corporation's 45 large-scale factory buildings. Currently, sections of the site are large-scale parking lots or abandoned structures, but there is also a large remodeled and functioning area of buildings (leased primarily by a private developer) with numerous Yale employees, financial service and biotech companies. Question: Yale and New Haven are conjointly attempting to build the area into a research hub for what two industries? Answer: medical and biotechnology Question: What large site is run by Yale, in conjunction with New Haven and the state, situated three blocks away from Yale's Science hill campus? Answer: Science Park Question: To what corporation did the multi-block site comprising Science Park formerly belong? Answer: Winchester's and Olin Question: In addition to Yale employees and financial services, companies in what industry can currently be found in the functioning areas Science Park? Answer: biotech Question: What is the name of the collaborated project between Yale University, Connecticut and New Haven city? Answer: Science Park Question: The area of Science Park was originally filled with what? Answer: 45 large-scale factory buildings Question: Although some of the Science Park area is used by multiple institutions and groups, what remains left over Winchester's and Olin company? Answer: parking lots or abandoned structures
Context: The music hall and cabaret are famous Paris institutions. The Moulin Rouge was opened in 1889. It was highly visible because of its large red imitation windmill on its roof, and became the birthplace of the dance known as the French Cancan. It helped make famous the singers Mistinguett and Édith Piaf and the painter Toulouse-Lautrec, who made posters for the venue. In 1911, the dance hall Olympia Paris invented the grand staircase as a settling for its shows, competing with its great rival, the Folies Bergère, Its stars in the 1920s included the American singer and dancer Josephine Baker. The Casino de Paris presented many famous French singers, including Mistinguett, Maurice Chevalier, and Tino Rossi. Other famous Paris music halls include Le Lido, on the Champs-Élysées, opened in 1946; and the Crazy Horse Saloon, featuring strip-tease, dance and magic, opened in 1951. The Olympia Paris has presented Edith Piaf, Marlene Dietrich, Miles Davis, Judy Garland, and the Grateful Dead. A half dozen music halls exist today in Paris, attended mostly visitors to the city. Question: In what year was The Moulin Rouge opened? Answer: 1889 Question: What dance was created at the Moulin Rouge? Answer: French Cancan Question: In what year did the Crazy Horse Saloon open? Answer: 1951 Question: Where did Grateful Dead play? Answer: The Olympia Paris
Context: In the case of the ring-porous hardwoods there seems to exist a pretty definite relation between the rate of growth of timber and its properties. This may be briefly summed up in the general statement that the more rapid the growth or the wider the rings of growth, the heavier, harder, stronger, and stiffer the wood. This, it must be remembered, applies only to ring-porous woods such as oak, ash, hickory, and others of the same group, and is, of course, subject to some exceptions and limitations. Question: Ring-porous hardwoods have a clear relationship between their properties and what other factor? Answer: rate of growth Question: Is harder, heavier wood indicated by narrower or wider growth rings? Answer: wider Question: What kind of wood with a name that starts with "H" is a ring-porous hardwood? Answer: hickory Question: If the growth rings are wider, was the growth of the tree slower or more rapid? Answer: more rapid Question: What is the only kind of wood that will definitely be harder and stronger when it grows faster? Answer: ring-porous
Context: In 1992, after a three-year trial of daylight saving in Queensland, Australia, a referendum on daylight saving was held and defeated with a 54.5% 'no' vote – with regional and rural areas strongly opposed, while those in the metropolitan south-east were in favor. In 2005, the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association and the National Association of Convenience Stores successfully lobbied for the 2007 extension to US DST. In December 2008, the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland (DS4SEQ) political party was officially registered in Queensland, advocating the implementation of a dual-time zone arrangement for Daylight Saving in South East Queensland while the rest of the state maintains standard time. DS4SEQ contested the March 2009 Queensland State election with 32 candidates and received one percent of the statewide primary vote, equating to around 2.5% across the 32 electorates contested. After a three-year trial, more than 55% of Western Australians voted against DST in 2009, with rural areas strongly opposed. On 14 April 2010, after being approached by the DS4SEQ political party, Queensland Independent member Peter Wellington, introduced the Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Referendum Bill 2010 into Queensland Parliament, calling for a referendum to be held at the next State election on the introduction of daylight saving into South East Queensland under a dual-time zone arrangement. The Bill was defeated in Queensland Parliament on 15 June 2011. Question: What percentage of Queensland voted against the daylight saving referendum in 1992? Answer: 54.5% Question: What was the name of Queensland's political party set up solely to support their particular DST arrangement? Answer: Daylight Saving for South East Queensland Question: In Australia, were rural or urban areas generally more strongly opposed to DST? Answer: rural Question: What member of Queensland Parliament was responsible for finally bringing the DST for South East Queensland referendum to a vote? Answer: Peter Wellington
Context: In function and effectiveness, the UN has been compared to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government by some[citation needed], giving a comparison between modern treaty law and the historical Articles of Confederation. Question: The United Nations has been compared to what government in function and effectiveness? Answer: the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government Question: In which aspects has the United Nations been compared to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government? Answer: function and effectiveness Question: The comparison of the United Nations to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government gives us a comparison between what modern and historical legal topics of interest? Answer: modern treaty law and the historical Articles of Confederation Question: Modern treaty law can be compared in function and effectiveness to the historical Articles of Confederation by comparing the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government with what modern institution? Answer: the UN Question: What legal document formed the basis of the pre-Constitutional Federal government of the United States? Answer: Articles of Confederation
Context: The first successful light bulb filaments were made of carbon (from carbonized paper or bamboo). Early carbon filaments had a negative temperature coefficient of resistance — as they got hotter, their electrical resistance decreased. This made the lamp sensitive to fluctuations in the power supply, since a small increase of voltage would cause the filament to heat up, reducing its resistance and causing it to draw even more power and heat even further. In the "flashing" process, carbon filaments were heated by current passing through them while in an evacuated vessel containing hydrocarbon vapor (usually gasoline). The carbon deposited on the filament by this treatment improved the uniformity and strength of filaments as well as their efficiency. A metallized or "graphitized" filament was first heated in a high-temperature oven before flashing and lamp assembly. This transformed the carbon into graphite which further strengthened and smoothed the filament. This also changed the filament to have a positive temperature coefficient, like a metallic conductor, and helped stabilize the lamp's power consumption, temperature and light output against minor variations in supply voltage. Question: What material were the first light bulb filaments made from? Answer: carbon Question: What was the primary problem with early carbon filaments? Answer: as they got hotter, their electrical resistance decreased Question: What were the positive effects of the flashing process? Answer: improved the uniformity and strength of filaments as well as their efficiency Question: What properties of graphite improved the filament? Answer: further strengthened and smoothed the filament Question: What are the effects of giving the filament a positive temperature coefficient? Answer: helped stabilize the lamp's power consumption, temperature and light output against minor variations in supply voltage Question: What were the first failed light bulb filaments made from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What had a positive temperature coefficient of resistence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was not a problem for early carbon filaments? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were negative effects of the flashing process? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did not further strengthen and did not smooth the filament? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Louis XIV distrusted the Parisians and moved his court to Versailles in 1682, but his reign also saw an unprecedented flourishing of the arts and sciences in Paris. The Comédie-Française, the Academy of Painting, and the French Academy of Sciences were founded and made their headquarters in the city. To show that the city was safe against attack, he had the city walls demolished, replacing them with Grands Boulevards. To leave monuments to his reign, he built the Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides. Question: In what year did Louis XIV move his court to Versailles? Answer: 1682 Question: What monuments did Louis XIV have constructed? Answer: Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides. Question: What was the reason behind demolishing the city walls? Answer: To show that the city was safe against attack Question: In what city was the French Academy of Science founded Answer: Paris
Context: Built in 1815, Union Street was at the heart of Plymouth's historical culture. It became known as the servicemen's playground, as it was where sailors from the Royal Navy would seek entertainment of all kinds. During the 1930s, there were 30 pubs and it attracted such performers as Charlie Chaplin to the New Palace Theatre. It is now the late-night hub of Plymouth's entertainment strip, but has a reputation for trouble at closing hours. Question: In what year was Union Street constructed? Answer: 1815 Question: Who performed at the New Palace Theatre in the 1930s? Answer: Charlie Chaplin Question: How many pubs existed on Union Street in the 1930s? Answer: 30s Question: What group famously enjoyed themselves on Union Street? Answer: sailors from the Royal Navy
Context: The pits and lands themselves do not directly represent the zeros and ones of binary data. Instead, non-return-to-zero, inverted encoding is used: a change from pit to land or land to pit indicates a one, while no change indicates a series of zeros. There must be at least two and no more than ten zeros between each one, which is defined by the length of the pit. This in turn is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc. These encoding techniques (defined in the Red Book) were originally designed for CD Digital Audio, but they later became a standard for almost all CD formats (such as CD-ROM). Question: What type of encoding do CDs implement? Answer: non-return-to-zero Question: Where can one find the encoding techniques for CDs? Answer: Red Book Question: What type of result from a CD will return a one? Answer: change from pit to land or land to pit Question: What type of modulation is implemented when a disc is mastered? Answer: eight-to-fourteen Question: How many ones are there between each zero? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What decodes the eight-to-fourteen modulation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Reed-Solomon coding? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who designed the CD Digital Audio coding techniques? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a land represent? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Common dishes include soups and stews. Common ingredients include yams, sweet potato, cassava, onion, tomato and plantain. Spices, peppers and chilis are used in cooking, including Aframomum melegueta seeds (Guinea pepper). Question: What are common dishes in Guinea-Bissau? Answer: soups and stews Question: What are common ingredients in Guinea-Bissau? Answer: yams, sweet potato, cassava, onion, tomato and plantain Question: What are spices, peppers and chilis used in? Answer: cooking Question: What is another name for Guinea pepper? Answer: Aframomum melegueta seeds Question: What are Guinea peppers used in? Answer: cooking
Context: Throughout the 14th century, French kings sought to expand their influence at the expense of the territorial holdings of the nobility. They ran into difficulties when attempting to confiscate the holdings of the English kings in southern France, leading to the Hundred Years' War, waged from 1337 to 1453. Early in the war the English under Edward III (r. 1327–77) and his son Edward, the Black Prince (d. 1376),[AF] won the battles of Crécy and Poitiers, captured the city of Calais, and won control of much of France.[AG] The resulting stresses almost caused the disintegration of the French kingdom during the early years of the war. In the early 15th century, France again came close to dissolving, but in the late 1420s the military successes of Joan of Arc (d. 1431) led to the victory of the French and the capture of the last English possessions in southern France in 1453. The price was high, as the population of France at the end of the Wars was likely half what it had been at the start of the conflict. Conversely, the Wars had a positive effect on English national identity, doing much to fuse the various local identities into a national English ideal. The conflict with France also helped create a national culture in England separate from French culture, which had previously been the dominant influence. The dominance of the English longbow began during early stages of the Hundred Years' War, and cannon appeared on the battlefield at Crécy in 1346. Question: When did the Hundred Years' War begin? Answer: 1337 Question: What was the nickname of Edward III's son Edward? Answer: the Black Prince Question: When did the reign of Edward III begin? Answer: 1327 Question: Along with Poitiers, what was the site of a notable victory by Edward III's England over the French? Answer: Crécy Question: What decade saw the victories of Joan of Arc? Answer: 1420s
Context: The first aircraft, a South African Beechcraft King Air 200, landed at the new airport on 15 September 2015, prior to conducting a series of flights to calibrate the airport's radio navigation equipment. Question: What kind of aircraft was the first to land at the new airport? Answer: South African Beechcraft King Air 200 Question: What date did the aircraft land at the new airport? Answer: 15 September 2015 Question: What are they calibrating via test flights at the airport? Answer: the airport's radio navigation equipment.
Context: The linguistic heritage of the British Isles is rich, with twelve languages from six groups across four branches of the Indo-European family. The Insular Celtic languages of the Goidelic sub-group (Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic) and the Brittonic sub-group (Cornish, Welsh and Breton, spoken in north-western France) are the only remaining Celtic languages—the last of their continental relations becoming extinct before the 7th century. The Norman languages of Guernésiais, Jèrriais and Sarkese spoken in the Channel Islands are similar to French. A cant, called Shelta, is spoken by Irish Travellers, often as a means to conceal meaning from those outside the group. However, English, sometimes in the form of Scots, is the dominant language, with few monoglots remaining in the other languages of the region. The Norn language of Orkney and Shetland became extinct around 1880. Question: How many groups do these languages belong to? Answer: six groups Question: What are the three Insular Celtic languages? Answer: Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic Question: What are the remaining Cetic languages that are still used today? Answer: Cornish, Welsh and Breton Question: Which cant is often used by Irish Travellers? Answer: Shelta Question: In 1980, what happened to the Norn language of Orkney and Shetland? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are the Norman languages, similar to German, spoken? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which language of Gaelic and Shetland became extinct in 1880? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Insular Travellers languages of the Goidelic subgroup, along with what other sub group are the only Celtic languages remaining? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to Thomas DeGregori, an economics professor at the University of Houston, in an article published by the Cato Institute, a libertarian think-tank operating in Washington D.C., "it is clear that technological and economic change are vital ingredients in getting children out of the workplace and into schools. Then they can grow to become productive adults and live longer, healthier lives. However, in poor countries like Bangladesh, working children are essential for survival in many families, as they were in our own heritage until the late 19th century. So, while the struggle to end child labour is necessary, getting there often requires taking different routes—and, sadly, there are many political obstacles. Question: Where is Thomas DeGregori from? Answer: University of Houston Question: What country does he argue needs child labor to survive? Answer: Bangladesh Question: What are the obstacles he claims are to ending child labor? Answer: political obstacles
Context: The scale of humanitarian aid to the poor and unstable regions of the world grows, but it is highly vulnerable to corruption, with food aid, construction and other highly valued assistance as the most at risk. Food aid can be directly and physically diverted from its intended destination, or indirectly through the manipulation of assessments, targeting, registration and distributions to favor certain groups or individuals. Question: Along with food aid, what is most at risk in these countries? Answer: construction Question: How is food aid usually directly redirected from the people it should go to? Answer: physically diverted Question: Food aid can also be indirectly diverted from its intended recipients through the manipulation of what? Answer: assessments
Context: The word "animal" comes from the Latin animalis, meaning having breath, having soul or living being. In everyday non-scientific usage the word excludes humans – that is, "animal" is often used to refer only to non-human members of the kingdom Animalia; often, only closer relatives of humans such as mammals, or mammals and other vertebrates, are meant. The biological definition of the word refers to all members of the kingdom Animalia, encompassing creatures as diverse as sponges, jellyfish, insects, and humans. Question: Where does the word animal come from? Answer: Latin animalis Question: What does the Latin word animalis mean? Answer: having breath, having soul or living being Question: The word animal is usually only used to refer to what? Answer: non-human members of the kingdom Animalia Question: The biological definition of the word animal refers to all member of what kingdom? Answer: Animalia Question: What are some of the creatures included in the kingdom of Animalia? Answer: sponges, jellyfish, insects, and humans
Context: In 1914, Japan joined the Entente during World War I and captured various German Empire colonies, including several in Micronesia. On September 29, 1914, Japanese troops occupied the Enewetak Atoll, and on September 30, 1914, the Jaluit Atoll, the administrative centre of the Marshall Islands. After the war, on June 28, 1919, Germany signed (under protest) the Treaty of Versailles. It renounced all of its Pacific possessions, including the Marshall Islands. On December 17, 1920, the Council of the League of Nations approved the South Pacific Mandate for Japan to take over all former German colonies in the Pacific Ocean located north of the Equator. The Administrative Centre of the Marshall Islands archipelago remained Jaluit. Question: On what date did the Japanese land on Enewetak? Answer: September 29, 1914 Question: What military alliance did the Japanese join in the First World War? Answer: the Entente Question: What did the Japanese occupy on September 30, 1914? Answer: the Jaluit Atoll Question: On what date was the Treaty of Versailles signed? Answer: June 28, 1919 Question: When was the South Pacific Mandate for Japan approved? Answer: December 17, 1920
Context: An alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some useful benefit. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements; at least one of which being a metal. This is usually called the primary metal or the base metal, and the name of this metal may also be the name of the alloy. The other constituents may or may not be metals but, when mixed with the molten base, they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture. Question: What kind of substance is an alloy? Answer: impure Question: What happens when an alloy is mixed with a molten base? Answer: they will be soluble, dissolving into the mixture Question: What is an alloy composed of? Answer: two or more elements Question: What other metal is impure like alloy? Answer: wrought iron Question: What is a mixture of impure substances? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a pure substance that retains the characteristics of a metal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What desirable characteristic doesn't alloy and an impure metal have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Mixing any to what produces an alloy Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other metal is pure like an alloy? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadequate dropout compensator, was made only in limited quantities. After Pioneer released the LD-700, gas lasers were no longer used in consumer players, despite their advantages, although Philips continued to use gas lasers in their industrial units until 1985. Question: What was the name of the first solid-state laser consumer LaserDisc player? Answer: LD-700 Question: Besides a solid-state laser, what else was unique about the LD-700? Answer: first LD player to load from the front and not the top Question: When did Pioneer release the LD-700? Answer: March 1984 Question: Which company continued to use gas-lasers in industrial models of LD players although they were no longer used in consumer models? Answer: Philips
Context: The majority of Paris' salaried employees fill 370,000 businesses services jobs, concentrated in the north-western 8th, 16th and 17th arrondissements. Paris' financial service companies are concentrated in the central-western 8th and 9th arrondissement banking and insurance district. Paris' department store district in the 1st, 6th, 8th and 9th arrondissements employ 10 percent of mostly female Paris workers, with 100,000 of these registered in the retail trade. Fourteen percent of Parisians work in hotels and restaurants and other services to individuals. Nineteen percent of Paris employees work for the State in either in administration or education. The majority of Paris' healthcare and social workers work at the hospitals and social housing concentrated in the peripheral 13th, 14th, 18th, 19th and 20th arrondissements. Outside Paris, the western Hauts-de-Seine department La Défense district specialising in finance, insurance and scientific research district, employs 144,600, and the north-eastern Seine-Saint-Denis audiovisual sector has 200 media firms and 10 major film studios. Question: In what districts are the majority of businesses service jobs located? Answer: 8th, 16th and 17th Question: Where are Paris' financial service companies majorly located? Answer: 8th and 9th arrondissement Question: What industry is located in the 1st, 6th, 8th and 9th arrondissements? Answer: department store Question: What percent of Parisians work in hotels and restaurants? Answer: Fourteen Question: How many peole work in the La Defense district? Answer: 144,600
Context: It combined the high speed of electronics with the ability to be programmed for many complex problems. It could add or subtract 5000 times a second, a thousand times faster than any other machine. It also had modules to multiply, divide, and square root. High speed memory was limited to 20 words (about 80 bytes). Built under the direction of John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania, ENIAC's development and construction lasted from 1943 to full operation at the end of 1945. The machine was huge, weighing 30 tons, using 200 kilowatts of electric power and contained over 18,000 vacuum tubes, 1,500 relays, and hundreds of thousands of resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Question: How many times could it add or subtract a second? Answer: 5000 Question: What was the limit of its high speed memory? Answer: ENIAC Question: ENIAC was constructed by whom? Answer: John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert Question: Where did John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert build the ENIAC? Answer: University of Pennsylvania Question: When was ENIAC fully operational? Answer: 1945
Context: Liberia scored a 3.3 on a scale from 10 (highly clean) to 0 (highly corrupt) on the 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index. This gave it a ranking 87th of 178 countries worldwide and 11th of 47 in Sub-Saharan Africa. This score represented a significant improvement since 2007, when the country scored 2.1 and ranked 150th of 180 countries. When seeking attention of a selection of service[clarification needed] providers, 89% of Liberians had to pay a bribe, the highest national percentage in the world according to the organization's 2010 Global Corruption Barometer. Question: What was liberia's score on the 2010 Corruption Perceptions index? Answer: 3.3 Question: What was Liberia's ranking compared to the other 176 countries? Answer: 87th Question: What did Liberia's score and ranking on the 2010 Corruption Perceptions index represent? Answer: a significant improvement since 2007 Question: What was Liberia's score and rank on the 2007 Corruption Perceptions index? Answer: scored 2.1 and ranked 150th of 180 countries Question: In 2007, when seeking attention, selection or service . What percent of Liberians had to pay a bribe? Answer: 89% Question: When was the Corruption Perceptions Index implemented? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What rank is does Liberia come in for gender equality? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Liberia score on the 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of Liberians are from Sub-Saharan Africa? Answer: Unanswerable Question: I what year did Liberia score a 1.9 on the Corruption Perceptions Index? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The earliest dynastic king on the Sumerian king list whose name is known from any other legendary source is Etana, 13th king of the first dynasty of Kish. The earliest king authenticated through archaeological evidence is Enmebaragesi of Kish (c. 26th century BC), whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic—leading to the suggestion that Gilgamesh himself might have been a historical king of Uruk. As the Epic of Gilgamesh shows, this period was associated with increased war. Cities became walled, and increased in size as undefended villages in southern Mesopotamia disappeared. (Gilgamesh is credited with having built the walls of Uruk). Question: What is the name of the earliest dynastic Sumerian king? Answer: Etana Question: What dynasty was Etana the 13th king of? Answer: Kish Question: Who is the earliest king that is authenticated by actual physical evidence and not just legend? Answer: Enmebaragesi Question: Where is Enmebaragesi's name mentioned? Answer: Gilgamesh epic Question: What is the period of Enmebaragesi's reign associated with? Answer: increased war Question: Who is the first Sumerian king? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the king during the last dynasty o Kish? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was king of Kish in the 2600's BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What epic was about Enmebaragesi? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What hero destroyed the walls of Uruk? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1926, Universal opened a production unit in Germany, Deutsche Universal-Film AG, under the direction of Joe Pasternak. This unit produced three to four films per year until 1936, migrating to Hungary and then Austria in the face of Hitler's increasing domination of central Europe. With the advent of sound, these productions were made in the German language or, occasionally, Hungarian or Polish. In the U.S., Universal Pictures did not distribute any of this subsidiary's films, but at least some of them were exhibited through other, independent, foreign-language film distributors based in New York, without benefit of English subtitles. Nazi persecution and a change in ownership for the parent Universal Pictures organization resulted in the dissolution of this subsidiary. Question: What was the name of Universal's German production unit? Answer: Deutsche Universal-Film AG Question: Who ran Universal's German production unit? Answer: Joe Pasternak Question: In what year did Deutsche Universal-Film AG open? Answer: 1926 Question: How many films did Universal's German subsidiary make yearly? Answer: three to four Question: Along with Germany and Austria, where was Deutsche Universal-Film AG at one time based? Answer: Hungary Question: What opened in 1962? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who directed Deutsche AG Universal-Film? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many films did Deutsche Universal-Film AG produce in 1936? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Universal Pictures distribute the subsidiary's films? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During 1951, George VI's health declined and Elizabeth frequently stood in for him at public events. When she toured Canada and visited President Harry S. Truman in Washington, D.C., in October 1951, her private secretary, Martin Charteris, carried a draft accession declaration in case the King died while she was on tour. In early 1952, Elizabeth and Philip set out for a tour of Australia and New Zealand by way of Kenya. On 6 February 1952, they had just returned to their Kenyan home, Sagana Lodge, after a night spent at Treetops Hotel, when word arrived of the death of the King and consequently Elizabeth's immediate accession to the throne. Philip broke the news to the new Queen. Martin Charteris asked her to choose a regnal name; she chose to remain Elizabeth, "of course". She was proclaimed queen throughout her realms and the royal party hastily returned to the United Kingdom. She and the Duke of Edinburgh moved into Buckingham Palace. Question: What was the state of George VI's health during 1951? Answer: health declined Question: On what date did Elizabeth's father, King George VI, die? Answer: 6 February 1952 Question: In what country was Elizabeth when George VI died? Answer: Kenya Question: In what month in 1951 did George VI's health start to decline? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Martin Charteris become Elizabeth's private secretary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date did the royal part arrive back in the UK? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Did Elizabeth tour Australia or New Zealand first? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month in 1952 did Elizabeth and Philip set out for their tour of Australia and New Zealand? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United State by Harriet Zuckerman, a review of American Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 1972, 72% of American Nobel Prize laureates identified a Protestant background. Overall, Protestants have won a total of 84.2% of all the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, 60% in Medicine, and 58.6% in Physics awarded to Americans between 1901 and 1972. Question: What denomination of Christianity had the highest percentage of Nobel Prize winners between 1901 and 1972 in America? Answer: Protestant Question: Who wrote Scientific Medicine: American Nobel Protestants? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to Physics, how many American nobel prize winners identified as Protestant? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of nobel prizes in chemistry have protestants lost? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of nobel prizes in Medicine have protestants lost? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of nobel prizes in Physics have protestants lost? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The U.S. GAO's 2010 findings regarding the great difficulty of accurately gauging the economic impact of copyright infringement was reinforced within the same report by the body's research into three commonly cited estimates that had previously been provided to U.S. agencies. The GAO report explained that the sources – a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) estimate, a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) press release and a Motor and Equipment Manufacturers Association estimate – "cannot be substantiated or traced back to an underlying data source or methodology." Question: What 2010 body found how difficult it is to accurately report the financial impact of infringement? Answer: U.S. GAO Question: How many commanly cited estimates did the body report on? Answer: three Question: What did the FBI use as a source? Answer: estimate Question: What report said the data could not be substantiated or traced to a reliable data source? Answer: GAO report Question: What 2010 body found how easy it is to accurately report the financial impact of infringement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What 2010 body found how difficult it is to inaccurately report the financial impact of infringement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many uncommonly cited estimates did the body report on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What didn't the FBI use as a source? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What report said the data could be substantiated or traced to a reliable data source? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: To the east of the county are upland areas leading to the Pennines. North of the Ribble is Beacon Fell Country Park and the Forest of Bowland, another AONB. Much of the lowland in this area is devoted to dairy farming and cheesemaking, whereas the higher ground is more suitable for sheep, and the highest ground is uncultivated moorland. The valleys of the River Ribble and its tributary the Calder form a large gap to the west of the Pennines, overlooked by Pendle Hill. Most of the larger Lancashire towns are in these valleys South of the Ribble are the West Pennine Moors and the Forest of Rossendale where former cotton mill towns are in deep valleys. The Lancashire Coalfield, largely in modern-day Greater Manchester, extended into Merseyside and to Ormskirk, Chorley, Burnley and Colne in Lancashire. Question: What is most of the lowland in the county devoted to? Answer: dairy farming and cheesemaking Question: What is the higer ground in the county devoted to? Answer: sheep Question: What is in the highest ground? Answer: uncultivated moorland Question: Where is the Lancashire Coalfield located? Answer: modern-day Greater Manchester Question: where is Beacon Fell County Park located? Answer: North of the Ribble Question: What does AONB stand for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the valleys of the River Ribble used for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the area around Ormskirk used for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What's to the west of the county? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is cultivated in the Forest of Rossendale? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Season eleven, however, suffered a steep drop in ratings, a drop attributed by some to the arrival of new shows such as The Voice and The X-Factor. The ratings for the first two episodes of season eleven fell 16–21% in overall viewer numbers and 24–27% in the 18/49 demo, while the season finale fell 27% in total viewer number and 30% in the 18-49 demo. The average viewership for the season fell below 20 million viewers the first time since 2003, a drop of 23% in total viewers and 30% in the 18/49 demo. For the first time in eight years, American Idol lost the leading position in both the total viewers number and the 18/49 demo, coming in second to NBC Sunday Night Football, although the strengths of Idol in its second year in the Wednesday-Thursday primetime slots helped Fox achieve the longest period of 18-49 demographic victory in the Nielsen ratings, standing at 8 straight years from 2004 to 2012. Question: For how many years was American Idol the top rated show on television? Answer: eight Question: What program saw more viewers than American Idol this season? Answer: Sunday Night Football Question: How long did Fox reign in the 18-49 demographics in the Nielsen ratings? Answer: eight years
Context: It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems for a range of frame and field rates were defined by several US SMPTE standards.) Question: What scan format is also included in MBAFF? Answer: 1440×1152 HDMAC Question: What was viewed by some as enhanced television format and not true HDTV format? Answer: a mooted 750-line Question: A mooted 750-line was seen by some at the ITU as what? Answer: an enhanced television format Question: What were 1920x1080i and 1280x720p defined by? Answer: US SMPTE standards Question: What scan format is never included in MBAFF? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was viewed by some as enhanced television format and not true SDTV format? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A mooted 750-line was seen by some at the IEU as what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were 1920x1080i and 1280x720p not defined by? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Times, along with the British Film Institute, sponsors the "The Times" bfi London Film Festival. It also sponsors the Cheltenham Literature Festival and the Asia House Festival of Asian Literature at Asia House, London. Question: What film festival does The Times support that is also supported alongside the British Film Institute? Answer: London Film Festival Question: What festival is featured at Asia House, London? Answer: Asia House Festival of Asian Literature Question: The Cheltenham Literature Festival is supported by what major newspaper? Answer: The Times
Context: Haredi Judaism advocates segregation from non-Jewish culture, although not from non-Jewish society entirely. It is characterised by its focus on community-wide Torah study. Haredi Orthodoxy's differences with Modern Orthodoxy usually lie in interpretation of the nature of traditional halakhic concepts and in acceptable application of these concepts. Thus, engaging in the commercial world is a legitimate means to achieving a livelihood, but individuals should participate in modern society as little as possible. The same outlook is applied with regard to obtaining degrees necessary to enter one's intended profession: where tolerated in the Haredi society, attending secular institutions of higher education is viewed as a necessary but inferior activity. Academic interest is instead to be directed toward the religious education found in the yeshiva. Both boys and girls attend school and may proceed to higher Torah study, starting anywhere between the ages of 13 and 18. A significant proportion of students, especially boys, remain in yeshiva until marriage (which is often arranged through facilitated dating – see shiduch), and many study in a kollel (Torah study institute for married men) for many years after marriage. Most Orthodox men (including many Modern Orthodox), even those not in Kollel, will study Torah daily. Question: What type of Judaism advocated segregation from non-Jewish culture? Answer: Haredi Judaism Question: What should individuals participate as little as possible in? Answer: modern society Question: Attending secular institution of higher education is viewed as necessary but inferior in what society? Answer: Haredi Question: What do a significant portion of boys remain in until marriage? Answer: yeshiva Question: What is a Torah study institute for married men called? Answer: kollel Question: What does Haredi Judaism refuse to advocate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what interpretation are Haredi and Modern Orthodoxy the same? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not a legitimate means of livelihood in Haredi society? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is it necessary for a Haredi Jew to attend college? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is not allowed to proceed to higher Torah studies? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars. Question: What does a higher flight phase result in? Answer: a higher vertical ground reaction force Question: What is vertical ground reaction force? Answer: s external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum Question: What else is an important aspect that affects linear and agular movements? Answer: time the landing takes Gymnasts Question: What does horizontal ground reaction force represent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What overcomes internal force? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens when gymnasts decrease the time taken to perform the landing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do gymnasts decrease the time taken to perform the landing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What results in a lower vertical ground reaction force? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In Rajasthan, Jodhpur and Kota are two major educational hubs. Kota is known for its quality education in preparation of various competitive exams, coaching for medical and engineering exams while Jodhpur is home to many higher educational institutions like IIT, AIIMS, National Law University, Sardar Patel Police University, National institute of Fashion Technology, MBM Engineering College etc. Kota is popularly referred to as, "coaching capital of India". Other major educational institutions are Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, IIM Udaipur r and LNMIIT. Rajasthan has nine universities and more than 250 colleges, 55,000 primary and 7,400 secondary schools. There are 41 engineering colleges with an annual enrollment of about 11,500 students. Apart from above there 41 Private universities like Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur,Manipal University Jaipur, OPJS University, Churu, Mody University of Technology and Science Lakshmangarh (Women's University, Sikar), RNB Global University, Bikaner. The state has 23 polytechnic colleges and 152 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) that impart vocational training. Question: What are the to main educational hubs of Rajasthan? Answer: Jodhpur and Kota Question: In what educational hub would one find AIIMS? Answer: Jodhpur Question: What is is Kota known as within India? Answer: coaching capital of India Question: How many universities does Rajasthan have? Answer: nine Question: How many engineering colleges are in Rajasthan? Answer: 41 engineering colleges Question: What are two main educatonal centers of Birla? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term is Birla referred to as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many colleges are in Birla? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the annual enrollment in Birla? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many polytechnic colleges are in Birla? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: UNFPA's connection to China's administration of forced abortions was refuted by investigations carried out by various US, UK, and UN teams sent to examine UNFPA activities in China. Specifically, a three-person U.S State Department fact-finding team was sent on a two-week tour throughout China. It wrote in a report to the State Department that it found "no evidence that UNFPA has supported or participated in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization in China," as has been charged by critics. Question: Which country was administering forced abortions? Answer: China Question: How many people were on the U.S. fact-finding team? Answer: three Question: Which U.S. department investigated the allegations? Answer: the State Department Question: Which country was administering the fewest abortions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people were on the Chinese fact-finding team? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which U.S. department ignored the allegations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which organization had no critics? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: For most of its independent years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and Burma's myriad ethnic groups have been involved in one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. While former military leaders still wield enormous power in the country, Burmese Military have taken steps toward relinquishing control of the government. This, along with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners, has improved the country's human rights record and foreign relations, and has led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions. There is, however, continuing criticism of the government's treatment of the Muslim Rohingya minority and its poor response to the religious clashes. In the landmark 2015 election, Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses, ending military rule. Question: What major conflict is Myanmar known for? Answer: one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. Question: What portion of the government was eventually separated from government participation? Answer: the military junta Question: What type of government is now established in Myanmar? Answer: a nominally civilian government Question: Are previous leaders a hendrence to the current government? Answer: former military leaders still wield enormous power in the country Question: Has the country been able to overcome the problems of government with the previous regime? Answer: Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses, ending military rule.
Context: A public genome sequencing effort of cotton was initiated in 2007 by a consortium of public researchers. They agreed on a strategy to sequence the genome of cultivated, tetraploid cotton. "Tetraploid" means that cultivated cotton actually has two separate genomes within its nucleus, referred to as the A and D genomes. The sequencing consortium first agreed to sequence the D-genome relative of cultivated cotton (G. raimondii, a wild Central American cotton species) because of its small size and limited number of repetitive elements. It is nearly one-third the number of bases of tetraploid cotton (AD), and each chromosome is only present once.[clarification needed] The A genome of G. arboreum would be sequenced next. Its genome is roughly twice the size of G. raimondii's. Part of the difference in size between the two genomes is the amplification of retrotransposons (GORGE). Once both diploid genomes are assembled, then research could begin sequencing the actual genomes of cultivated cotton varieties. This strategy is out of necessity; if one were to sequence the tetraploid genome without model diploid genomes, the euchromatic DNA sequences of the AD genomes would co-assemble and the repetitive elements of AD genomes would assembly independently into A and D sequences respectively. Then there would be no way to untangle the mess of AD sequences without comparing them to their diploid counterparts. Question: What is the final sequencing goal of sequencing diploid cotton genomes first ? Answer: tetraploid cotton Question: What type of cotton has two separate genomes within its nucleus? Answer: Tetraploid Question: When did a group of researchers decide to sequence the genomic structure of tetraploid cotton? Answer: 2007 Question: What type of genome must be sequenced first to prevent confusion before the tetraploid form? Answer: diploid Question: In order to understand the tetraploid forms, what must be used as a comparison in cotton gene sequencing? Answer: diploid counterparts Question: What is the final sequencing goal of sequencing tetraploid genomes first? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of cotton has two separate genomes within its sequence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did a group or researchers decide to sequence the genomic structure of diploid counterparts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of genome must be sequenced first to prevent confusion before GORGE? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In order to understand the tetraploid forms, what must be used as a comparison in cotton GORGE? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1872, Russian Alexander Lodygin invented an incandescent light bulb and obtained a Russian patent in 1874. He used as a burner two carbon rods of diminished section in a glass receiver, hermetically sealed, and filled with nitrogen, electrically arranged so that the current could be passed to the second carbon when the first had been consumed. Later he lived in the USA, changed his name to Alexander de Lodyguine and applied and obtained patents for incandescent lamps having chromium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, molybdenum and tungsten filaments, and a bulb using a molybdenum filament was demonstrated at the world fair of 1900 in Paris. Question: Who patented an incandescent light bulb in Russia in 1874? Answer: Alexander Lodygin Question: What did Lodygin use as a burner in his lamp? Answer: two carbon rods Question: In what year did Lodygin demonstrate a lamp at the World's Fair? Answer: 1900 Question: What did Lodygin change his name to after moving to the USA? Answer: Alexander de Lodyguine Question: When did Lodygin invent his first lamp? Answer: 1872 Question: Who did not patent an incandescent light bulb in 1872? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not demonstrate at the world fair in 1900 in Paris? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Anxander Lodygin change his name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who invented his first lamp in the 1700's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Lodygin not use as a burner in his lamp? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In September 1997, during the process of revision of racial categories previously declared by OMB directive no. 15, the American Anthropological Association (AAA) recommended that OMB combine the "race" and "ethnicity" categories into one question to appear as "race/ethnicity" for the 2000 US Census. The Interagency Committee agreed, stating that "race" and "ethnicity" were not sufficiently defined and "that many respondents conceptualize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as one in the same [sic] underscor[ing] the need to consolidate these terms into one category, using a term that is more meaningful to the American people." Question: What organization recommended that race and ethnicity categories be combined into one question for the 2000 US census? Answer: the American Anthropological Association Question: In what year are or racial categories first revised for the 2000 U.S. Census? Answer: 1997 Question: Prior to 1997, where were racial categories declared for the U.S. Census? Answer: OMB directive no. 15 Question: How did racial categories appear in the US 2000 census? Answer: race/ethnicity
Context: The city remained in the hands of Christian troops until 1102, when the Almoravids retook the city and restored the Muslim religion. Although the self-styled 'Emperor of All Spain', Alfonso VI of León and Castile, drove them from the city, he was not strong enough to hold it. The Christians set it afire before abandoning it, and the Almoravid Masdali took possession on 5 May 1109. The event was commemorated in a poem by Ibn Khafaja in which he thanked Yusuf ibn Tashfin for the city's liberation.The declining power of the Almoravids coincided with the rise of a new dynasty in North Africa, the Almohads, who seized control of the peninsula from the year 1145, although their entry into Valencia was deterred by Ibn Mardanis, King of Valencia and Murcia until 1171, at which time the city finally fell to the North Africans. The two Muslim dynasties would rule Valencia for more than a century. Question: In what year did Christian troops lose control of Valencia? Answer: 1102 Question: Who called himself the Emperor of All Spain? Answer: Alfonso VI of León and Castile Question: Who wrote poetry about Valencia's capture by the Almoravids? Answer: Ibn Khafaja Question: When did the Almohads gain control of the peninsula? Answer: 1145 Question: Who prevented the Almohads from entering Valencia? Answer: Ibn Mardanis
Context: In 1995, Sony and Michael Jackson formed a joint venture which merged Sony's music publishing operations with Jackson's ATV Music to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Question: In what year did the merger take place? Answer: 1995 Question: In 1985, Sony and Michael Jackson formed what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Sony and Michael Jordan formed a joint venture in what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Jackson's TAV Music merged with whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1985, Sony and Michael Jordan formed what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Nigeria is a religiously diverse society, with Islam and Christianity being the most widely professed religions. Nigerians are nearly equally divided into Christians and Muslims, with a tiny minority of adherents of Animism and other religions. According to one recent estimate, over 40% of Nigeria's population adheres to Islam (mainly Sunni, other branches are also present). Christianity is practised by 58% of the population (among them 74% are Protestant, 25% Roman Catholic, 1% other Christian). Adherents of Animism and other religions collectively represent 1.4% of the population. Question: What are the most popular religions in Nigeria? Answer: Islam and Christianity Question: What religions does Nigeria have besides the top two? Answer: a tiny minority of adherents of Animism and other religions Question: How much of Nigeria's population is Muslim? Answer: over 40% Question: How much of Nigeria's population is Christian? Answer: 58% Question: How much of Nigeria's population is Animist and other religions? Answer: 1.4%
Context: Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster. Question: What has a different significance in various languages? Answer: Aspiration Question: What two forms can aspiration be in? Answer: allophonic or phonemic Question: What may be analyzed as an underlying symbol cluster? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Aspiration can differ in which two languages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Unaspiration has varying significance in what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What may be analyzed as an underlying phonemic cluster? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is either allophonic or a cluster? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Richard Sander claims that by artificially elevating minority students into schools they otherwise would not be capable of attending, this discourages them and tends to engender failure and high dropout rates for these students. For example, about half of black college students rank in the bottom 20 percent of their classes, black law school graduates are four times as likely to fail bar exams as are whites, and interracial friendships are more likely to form among students with relatively similar levels of academic preparation; thus, blacks and Hispanics are more socially integrated on campuses where they are less academically mismatched. He claims that the supposed "beneficiaries" of affirmative action – minorities – do not actually benefit and rather are harmed by the policy. Sander's claims have been disputed, and his empirical analyses have been subject to substantial criticism. A group including some of the country's lead statistical methodologists told the Supreme Court that Sander's analyses were sufficiently flawed that the Court would be wise to ignore them entirely. At the same time many scholars have found that minorities gain substantially from affirmative action. Question: Who claims that artificially raising minority students into schools has a negative effect on them? Answer: Richard Sander Question: What was a negative effect of affirmative action according to Richard Sander? Answer: high dropout rates Question: Where do half of the black college students rank in terms of their performance relative to the rest of their class? Answer: bottom 20 percent Question: What is the failure rate for black law school graduates compared to whites for the bar exam? Answer: four times Question: Who claims that artificially raising minority students into schools has a positive effect on them? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a postive effect of affirmative action according to Richard Sander? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where do half of the white college students rank in terms of their performance relative to the rest of their class? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the failure rate for black law school graduates compared to asians for the bar exam? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hirsch held the opinion that Judaism demands an application of Torah thought to the entire realm of human experience, including the secular disciplines. His approach was termed the Torah im Derech Eretz approach, or "neo-Orthodoxy". While insisting on strict adherence to Jewish beliefs and practices, he held that Jews should attempt to engage and influence the modern world, and encouraged those secular studies compatible with Torah thought. This pattern of religious and secular involvement has been evident at many times in Jewish history. Scholars[who?] believe it was characteristic of the Jews in Babylon during the Amoraic and Geonic periods, and likewise in early medieval Spain, shown by their engagement with both Muslim and Christian society. It appeared as the traditional response to cultural and scientific innovation. Question: Who held the opinion that judiasm demands and application of torah thought to the entire realm of human experience? Answer: Hirsch Question: What was Hirsch's approach called? Answer: Torah im Derech Eretz Question: What was the Torah im Dereche Eretz aslo known as? Answer: neo-Orthodoxy Question: The Torah im Derech Eretz insisted that Jews should attempt to engage and influence what? Answer: modern world Question: Who held that Judaism demands an application of the bible through human experience? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What discipline is not included in Hirsch's opinion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Hirsch believe that Jewish beliefs had no influence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What studies were not encouraged by Hirsch? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two societies did the Jews refuse to engage with? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some scientific materialists have been criticized, for example by Noam Chomsky, for failing to provide clear definitions for what constitutes matter, leaving the term "materialism" without any definite meaning. Chomsky also states that since the concept of matter may be affected by new scientific discoveries, as has happened in the past, scientific materialists are being dogmatic in assuming the opposite. Question: Who is praised for providing a clear definition of materalism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Noam Chomsky disagrees with what concept? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Chomsky stated that matter is not affected by what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does Chomsky define materialism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to Chomsky, who are dogmatic for agreeing with him? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On July 6, John Kerry selected John Edwards as his running mate, shortly before the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, held later that month. Days before Kerry announced Edwards as his running mate, Kerry gave a short list of three candidates: Sen John Edwards, Rep Dick Gephardt, and Gov Tom Vilsack. Heading into the convention, the Kerry/Edwards ticket unveiled their new slogan—a promise to make America "stronger at home and more respected in the world." Kerry made his Vietnam War experience the prominent theme of the convention. In accepting the nomination, he began his speech with, "I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty." He later delivered what may have been the speech's most memorable line when he said, "the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom", a quote that later appeared in a Kerry/Edwards television advertisement. Question: Who did John Kerry choose to be by his side as the potential Vice President? Answer: John Edwards Question: How many candidates did John Kerry name as potential prospects to be his running mate? Answer: three Question: What was the Kerry/Edwards slogan that was released prior to the start of the convention in Boston? Answer: "stronger at home and more respected in the world." Question: Which part of Kerry's Boston speech made reference to his military experience? Answer: "I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty." Question: Which famous line from Kerry's speech was later featured in one of his later television ad campaigns? Answer: "the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom" Question: On what date did Tom Vilsack choose John Edwards as his running mate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what city did Tom Vilsack speak at the DNC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other two candidates did Tom Vilsack have on his list for possible running mates? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the slogan for Vilsack/Edwards at the DNC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Vilsack mention that the future belonged to in his famous quote? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Jidaigeki (literally historical drama) has always been a staple program on Japanese movies and television. The programs typically feature a samurai. Samurai films and westerns share a number of similarities and the two have influenced each other over the years. One of Japan’s most renowned directors, Akira Kurosawa, greatly influenced the samurai aspect in western film-making.[citation needed] George Lucas’ Star Wars series incorporated many aspects from the Seven Samurai film. One example is that in the Japanese film, seven samurai warriors are hired by local farmers to protect their land from being overrun by bandits; In George Lucas’ Star Wars: A New Hope, a similar situation arises. Kurosawa was inspired by the works of director John Ford and in turn Kurosawa's works have been remade into westerns such as The Seven Samurai into The Magnificent Seven and Yojimbo into A Fistful of Dollars. There is also a 26 episode anime adaptation (Samurai 7) of The Seven Samurai. Along with film, literature containing samurai influences are seen as well. Question: What is Jidaigeki? Answer: historical drama Question: Who is Akira Kurosawa? Answer: One of Japan’s most renowned directors Question: Who directed 'Seven Samurai'? Answer: Akira Kurosawa Question: What Japanese movie is 'Star Wars: A New Hope' said to be similar to? Answer: Seven Samurai Question: What western was inspired by 'Seven Samurai'? Answer: The Magnificent Seven
Context: The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect against Gram-positive cocci, but not against enterobacteria. Research was stimulated apace by its success. The discovery and development of this sulfonamide drug opened the era of antibacterials. Question: What was the first available antibiotic? Answer: Prontosil Question: What company developed Prontosil? Answer: IG Farben Question: Who led the team that came up with Prontosil? Answer: Gerhard Domagk Question: What prize did Domagk get for his work? Answer: 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine Question: What was the first available cocci? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company developed enterobacteria? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who led the team that came up with Bayer Laboratories? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What prize did Prontosil get for its work? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What opened the era of Germany? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Head of State of Portugal is the President of the Republic, elected to a five-year term by direct, universal suffrage. He or she has also supervision and reserve powers. These powers are often compared[by whom?] with the "moderator power" that was held by the King in the Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy.[citation needed] Presidential powers include the appointment of the Prime Minister and the other members of the Government (where the President takes into account the results of legislative elections); dismissing the Prime Minister; dissolving the Assembly of the Republic (to call early elections); vetoing legislation (which may be overridden by the Assembly with a supermajority); and declaring a state of war or siege. The President is also the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Question: Who is the Head of State of Portugal? Answer: President of the Republic Question: For how many years does each term of the President of the Republic last? Answer: five Question: By what means is the President of the Republic elected? Answer: by direct, universal suffrage Question: Who has the power to appoint and dismiss the Prime Minister? Answer: President of the Republic
Context: The K-12 and higher education reform programs of the Gates Foundation have been criticized by some education professionals, parents, and researchers because they have driven the conversation on education reform to such an extent that they may marginalize researchers who do not support Gates' predetermined policy preferences. Several Gates-backed policies such as small schools, charter schools, and increasing class sizes have been expensive and disruptive, but some studies indicate they have not improved educational outcomes and may have caused harm. Peer reviewed scientific studies at Stanford find that Charter Schools do not systematically improve student performance Question: Why were the gates foundation educational reforms critcized Answer: they may marginalize researchers who do not support Gates' predetermined policy preferences Question: What are several of the gates backed policies Answer: Several Gates-backed policies such as small schools, charter schools, and increasing class sizes Question: Have the policies been criticized Answer: but some studies indicate they have not improved educational outcomes and may have caused harm Question: What does 1 specific study of charter schools show Answer: Peer reviewed scientific studies at Stanford find that Charter Schools do not systematically improve student performance Question: What do Stanford studies find that policies don't improve? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has criticized charter school reform programs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why were the scientific educational reforms criticized? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which scientific studies have been expensive and disruptive? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have predetermined policy preferences shown about charter schools? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At a certain temperature, (usually between 1,500 °F (820 °C) and 1,600 °F (870 °C), depending on carbon content), the base metal of steel undergoes a change in the arrangement of the atoms in its crystal matrix, called allotropy. This allows the small carbon atoms to enter the interstices of the iron crystal, diffusing into the iron matrix. When this happens, the carbon atoms are said to be in solution, or mixed with the iron, forming a single, homogeneous, crystalline phase called austenite. If the steel is cooled slowly, the iron will gradually change into its low temperature allotrope. When this happens the carbon atoms will no longer be soluble with the iron, and will be forced to precipitate out of solution, nucleating into the spaces between the crystals. The steel then becomes heterogeneous, being formed of two phases; the carbon (carbide) phase cementite, and ferrite. This type of heat treatment produces steel that is rather soft and bendable. However, if the steel is cooled quickly the carbon atoms will not have time to precipitate. When rapidly cooled, a diffusionless (martensite) transformation occurs, in which the carbon atoms become trapped in solution. This causes the iron crystals to deform intrinsically when the crystal structure tries to change to its low temperature state, making it very hard and brittle. Question: What is the name of steel when it is being formed of two phases? Answer: heterogeneous Question: What are the two phases when steel becomes heterogenous? Answer: carbon (carbide) phase cementite, and ferrite Question: What are the characteristics of steel if it is cooled to quickly? Answer: very hard and brittle Question: Soft and bendable steel is caused by what? Answer: If the steel is cooled slowly Question: Allotrophy happens between what temperatures? Answer: 1,500 °F (820 °C) and 1,600 °F (870 °C) Question: What changes when steel reaches 870°F? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is it called iron crystals enter carbon atoms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What becomes brittle if it's cool too slowly? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Steel that is cool too quickly is soft and what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where's the carbon atom trapped when steel is called slowly? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came about with the signing of the Treaty of Chaumont in 1814. Since then, the international balance of power has shifted numerous times, most dramatically during World War I and World War II. While some nations are widely considered to be great powers, there is no definitive list of them. In literature, alternative terms for great power are often world power or major power, but these terms can also be interchangeable with superpower. Question: What was the formalization of the division of small powers and great powers? Answer: Treaty of Chaumont Question: During the post Napoleonic era where were the first Great Powers concentrated? Answer: Europe Question: During what 2 wars was the balance of power shift most dramatic? Answer: World War I and World War II Question: What is another term for Great Power? Answer: superpower Question: Why was the term formalization and division first used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which international balance of power formally created the division between small and great powers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the definitive list of powers signed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For which post Napoleonic era has the balance of power shifted dramatically? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another term used in place of international balance of power? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In a further refinement of the direct use of probabilistic modelling, statistical estimates can be coupled to an algorithm called arithmetic coding. Arithmetic coding is a more modern coding technique that uses the mathematical calculations of a finite-state machine to produce a string of encoded bits from a series of input data symbols. It can achieve superior compression to other techniques such as the better-known Huffman algorithm. It uses an internal memory state to avoid the need to perform a one-to-one mapping of individual input symbols to distinct representations that use an integer number of bits, and it clears out the internal memory only after encoding the entire string of data symbols. Arithmetic coding applies especially well to adaptive data compression tasks where the statistics vary and are context-dependent, as it can be easily coupled with an adaptive model of the probability distribution of the input data. An early example of the use of arithmetic coding was its use as an optional (but not widely used) feature of the JPEG image coding standard. It has since been applied in various other designs including H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and HEVC for video coding. Question: What can be paired with an algorithm called arithmetic coding? Answer: statistical estimates Question: What can achieve superior compression? Answer: Arithmetic coding Question: What uses an internal memory state? Answer: Huffman algorithm Question: What can e paired with adaptive data called arithmetic coding? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can achieve superior internal memory state? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What uses a JPEG memory state? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What applies well to coding standard compression tasks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were early examples of probability distribution applied in? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A more recent study by science historian John van Wyhe has determined that the idea that Darwin delayed publication only dates back to the 1940s, and Darwin's contemporaries thought the time he took was reasonable. Darwin always finished one book before starting another. While he was researching, he told many people about his interest in transmutation without causing outrage. He firmly intended to publish, but it was not until September 1854 that he could work on it full-time. His estimate that writing his "big book" would take five years was optimistic. Question: What did Darwin's contemporaries think of the long delays on his publishing? Answer: Darwin's contemporaries thought the time he took was reasonable Question: What was Darwin's process on writing his books? Answer: Darwin always finished one book before starting another Question: What was Darwin's original estimate for the amount of time his book would take to write? Answer: five years Question: Which scientist's study theorized that the idea of Darwin's work being delayed dates to the 1940s? Answer: John van Wyhe
Context: Cork has been culturally diverse for many years, from Huguenot communities in the 17th century, through to Eastern European communities and a smaller numbers from African and Asian nations in the 20th and 21st centuries. This is reflected in the multi-cultural restaurants and shops, including specialist shops for East-European or Middle-Eastern food, Chinese and Thai restaurants, French patisseries, Indian buffets, and Middle Eastern kebab houses. Cork saw some Jewish immigration from Lithuania and Russia in the late 19th century. Jewish citizens such as Gerald Goldberg (several times Lord Mayor), David Marcus (novelist) and Louis Marcus (documentary maker) played notable roles in 20th century Cork. Today, the Jewish community is relatively small in population, although the city still has a Jewish quarter and synagogue. Cork also features various Christian churches, as well as a mosque. Some Catholic masses around the city are said in Polish, Filipino, Lithuanian, Romanian and other languages, in addition to the traditional Latin and local Irish and English language services. Question: What are 2 major cultural influences of Cork? Answer: Huguenot communities in the 17th century, through to Eastern European communities Question: What things show Corks diverse culural background? Answer: multi-cultural restaurants and shops Question: When did Cork begin to see people from Russia and Lithuania immigrating to their city? Answer: late 19th century Question: What types of religions can be found in Cork? Answer: various Christian churches, as well as a mosque Question: How do the Catholic churches handle the diverse languages of Cork? Answer: masses around the city are said in Polish, Filipino, Lithuanian, Romanian and other languages, in addition to the traditional Latin and local Irish and English Question: What community came to Cork in the 1700's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Jews immigrate from in the 1900's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: t large community of Cork has its own quarter and a synagogue? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was David Marcus mayor of Cork? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what centuries did Thai restauraunts become a part of Romania? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of patisseries are located in Romania? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Romania see Jewish immigration? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the size of the Jewish community in Romania? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of houses of worship are located in Romania? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Boardwalk Hall, formally known as the "Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall", is an arena in Atlantic City along the boardwalk. Boardwalk Hall was Atlantic City's primary convention center until the opening of the Atlantic City Convention Center in 1997. The Atlantic City Convention Center includes 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m2) of showroom space, 5 exhibit halls, 45 meeting rooms with 109,000 sq ft (10,100 m2) of space, a garage with 1,400 parking spaces, and an adjacent Sheraton hotel. Both the Boardwalk Hall and Convention Center are operated by the Atlantic City Convention & Visitors Authority. Question: What was Boardwalk Hall formerly known as? Answer: Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall Question: What is the Boardwalk Hall? Answer: an arena Question: In what year did the newer Atlantic City Convention Center open? Answer: 1997 Question: How many sq ft of showroom space is included in the Atlantic City Convention Center? Answer: 500,000 sq ft Question: What hotel is adjacent to the Atlantic City Convention Center? Answer: Sheraton hotel

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