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Context: Dell opened plants in Penang, Malaysia in 1995, and in Xiamen, China in 1999. These facilities serve the Asian market and assemble 95% of Dell notebooks. Dell Inc. has invested[when?] an estimated $60 million in a new manufacturing unit in Chennai, India, to support the sales of its products in the Indian subcontinent. Indian-made products bear the "Made in India" mark. In 2007 the Chennai facility had the target of producing 400,000 desktop PCs, and plans envisaged it starting to produce notebook PCs and other products in the second half of 2007.[citation needed] Question: In what foreign country did Dell open plants in 1995? Answer: Malaysia Question: What percentage of Dell notebooks are assembled in their asian plants? Answer: 95% Question: How much did Dell spend to construct a new plant in India? Answer: $60 million Question: How many PCs was Dell's Indian plant slated to make in 2007? Answer: 400,000 Question: In what foreign country did Dell close plants in 1995? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what foreign country did Dell open plants in 1996? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of Dell notebooks are disassembled in their asian plants? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did Dell spend to destroy a new plant in India? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many PCs was Dell's Indian plant slated to make in 2017? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The relationships adolescents have with their peers, family, and members of their social sphere play a vital role in the social development of an adolescent. As an adolescent's social sphere develops rapidly as they distinguish the differences between friends and acquaintances, they often become heavily emotionally invested in friends. This is not harmful; however, if these friends expose an individual to potentially harmful situations, this is an aspect of peer pressure. Adolescence is a critical period in social development because adolescents can be easily influenced by the people they develop close relationships with. This is the first time individuals can truly make their own decisions, which also makes this a sensitive period. Relationships are vital in the social development of an adolescent due to the extreme influence peers can have over an individual. These relationships become significant because they begin to help the adolescent understand the concept of personalities, how they form and why a person has that specific type of personality. "The use of psychological comparisons could serve both as an index of the growth of an implicit personality theory and as a component process accounting for its creation. In other words, by comparing one person's personality characteristics to another's, we would be setting up the framework for creating a general theory of personality (and, ... such a theory would serve as a useful framework for coming to understand specific persons)." This can be likened to the use of social comparison in developing one’s identity and self-concept, which includes ones personality, and underscores the importance of communication, and thus relationships, in one’s development. In social comparison we use reference groups, with respect to both psychological and identity development. These reference groups are the peers of adolescents. This means that who the teen chooses/accepts as their friends and who they communicate with on a frequent basis often makes up their reference groups and can therefore have a huge impact on who they become. Research shows that relationships have the largest affect over the social development of an individual. Question: What has the largest affect over one's social development? Answer: relationships Question: Do a teen's friends have a large or small impact on their social development? Answer: large Question: Do adolescents become heavily emotionally invested in friends or are they generally anti-social? Answer: heavily emotionally invested in friends
Context: The club have entered the UK pop charts on four occasions under different titles during the 1980s and 1990s when many clubs released a song to mark their reaching the FA Cup Final. "The Boys in Blue", released in 1984, peaked at number 82. The following year the club scored their biggest hit when "Here We Go" peaked at 14. In 1986 the club released "Everybody's Cheering The Blues" which reached number 83. "All Together Now", a reworking of a song by Merseyside band The Farm, was released for the 1995 FA Cup Final and reached number 27. When the club next reached the 2009 FA Cup Final, the tradition had passed into history and no song was released. Question: What year did the Everton FC release their UK pop song "The Boys in Blue"? Answer: 1984 Question: What position did the song "Here We Go" by the Everton FC peak at on the UK pop charts in 1985? Answer: 14 Question: What was the name of the song that the Everton Football Club released in 1986? Answer: Everybody's Cheering The Blues Question: Who originally sang the song "All Together Now" that was reworked and released by Everton Football Club in 1995? Answer: The Farm Question: How many times has the Everton FC entered the UK pop charts? Answer: four Question: In what year did The Farm release their first album? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who performed "The Boys in Blue"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who performed "Here We Go"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which band released "Everybody's Cheering The Blues"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did The Farm perform "All Together Now"? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: For vertebrates, the early stages of neural development are similar across all species. As the embryo transforms from a round blob of cells into a wormlike structure, a narrow strip of ectoderm running along the midline of the back is induced to become the neural plate, the precursor of the nervous system. The neural plate folds inward to form the neural groove, and then the lips that line the groove merge to enclose the neural tube, a hollow cord of cells with a fluid-filled ventricle at the center. At the front end, the ventricles and cord swell to form three vesicles that are the precursors of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. At the next stage, the forebrain splits into two vesicles called the telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon (which will contain the thalamus and hypothalamus). At about the same time, the hindbrain splits into the metencephalon (which will contain the cerebellum and pons) and the myelencephalon (which will contain the medulla oblongata). Each of these areas contains proliferative zones where neurons and glial cells are generated; the resulting cells then migrate, sometimes for long distances, to their final positions. Question: The precursor of the nervous system is called what in vertebrates? Answer: the neural plate Question: The neural groove is a hollow cord of cells with what in the center? Answer: fluid-filled ventricle Question: The forebrain splits during development into vesicles called what? Answer: telencephalon (which will contain the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures) and the diencephalon Question: The vesicle that contains the cerebral cortex is which one? Answer: telencephalon Question: The thalamus and hypothalamus are contained in which vesicle? Answer: the diencephalon
Context: Elevators with more than 30 m (98 ft) of travel have a system called compensation. This is a separate set of cables or a chain attached to the bottom of the counterweight and the bottom of the elevator cab. This makes it easier to control the elevator, as it compensates for the differing weight of cable between the hoist and the cab. If the elevator cab is at the top of the hoist-way, there is a short length of hoist cable above the car and a long length of compensating cable below the car and vice versa for the counterweight. If the compensation system uses cables, there will be an additional sheave in the pit below the elevator, to guide the cables. If the compensation system uses chains, the chain is guided by a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines. Question: "Compensation" is the name of the system used for what type of elevators? Answer: Elevators with more than 30 m (98 ft) of travel Question: "Compensation" consists of what? Answer: a separate set of cables or a chain attached to the bottom of the counterweight and the bottom of the elevator cab Question: What exactly does this system compensate for? Answer: the differing weight of cable between the hoist and the cab Question: What is the chain guided by in a compensation system that uses chains? Answer: a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines
Context: Another major way to distinguish different memory functions is whether the content to be remembered is in the past, retrospective memory, or in the future, prospective memory. Thus, retrospective memory as a category includes semantic, episodic and autobiographical memory. In contrast, prospective memory is memory for future intentions, or remembering to remember (Winograd, 1988). Prospective memory can be further broken down into event- and time-based prospective remembering. Time-based prospective memories are triggered by a time-cue, such as going to the doctor (action) at 4pm (cue). Event-based prospective memories are intentions triggered by cues, such as remembering to post a letter (action) after seeing a mailbox (cue). Cues do not need to be related to the action (as the mailbox/letter example), and lists, sticky-notes, knotted handkerchiefs, or string around the finger all exemplify cues that people use as strategies to enhance prospective memory. Question: What are some catgories of retrospective memory? Answer: semantic, episodic and autobiographical memory Question: If a memory is triggered by a time, which kind of memory is this? Answer: Time-based prospective memories Question: What is something somebody can use to remember something? Answer: Cues Question: If Bob realized he needed to mail his mother a letter after seeing the postal office, which kind of memory did he trigger? Answer: Event-based prospective memories Question: What are some catgories of respective memory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: If a memory is triggered by a time, which kind of memory is this not? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is something somebody can use to forget something? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Winograd conclude in 1989? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a inor way to distinguish different memory functions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Between 1993 and 1996, the FBI increased its counter-terrorism role in the wake of the first 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York City, New York; the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and the arrest of the Unabomber in 1996. Technological innovation and the skills of FBI Laboratory analysts helped ensure that the three cases were successfully prosecuted. Justice Department investigations into the FBI's roles in the Ruby Ridge and Waco incidents were found to be obstructed by agents within the Bureau. During the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, the FBI was criticized for its investigation of the Centennial Olympic Park bombing. It has settled a dispute with Richard Jewell, who was a private security guard at the venue, along with some media organizations, in regard to the leaking of his name during the investigation. Question: When did the FBI increase it's counter-terrorism role? Answer: Between 1993 and 1996 Question: What prompted the FBI increase in counter-terrorism? Answer: World Trade Center bombing Question: Where was the World Trade Center? Answer: New York City, New York Question: When was Oklahoma city bombed? Answer: 1995 Question: What did agents within the FBI do to investigations of the agency? Answer: obstructed Question: What role did the FBI focus more on before 1993? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the second World Trade Center bombing occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was set free in 1996? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What stopped the FBI from ensuring that these three cases were successfully prosecuted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what Olympics was the FBI praised for its investigation? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In March 1861, Victoria's mother died, with Victoria at her side. Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply; she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for "wickedly" estranging her from her mother. To relieve his wife during her intense and deep grief, Albert took on most of her duties, despite being ill himself with chronic stomach trouble. In August, Victoria and Albert visited their son, the Prince of Wales, who was attending army manoeuvres near Dublin, and spent a few days holidaying in Killarney. In November, Albert was made aware of gossip that his son had slept with an actress in Ireland. Appalled, Albert travelled to Cambridge, where his son was studying, to confront him. By the beginning of December, Albert was very unwell. He was diagnosed with typhoid fever by William Jenner, and died on 14 December 1861. Victoria was devastated. She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering. He had been "killed by that dreadful business", she said. She entered a state of mourning and wore black for the remainder of her life. She avoided public appearances, and rarely set foot in London in the following years. Her seclusion earned her the nickname "widow of Windsor". Question: During which year did Victoria's mother die? Answer: 1861 Question: How did Victoria realize that her mother deeply loved her? Answer: Through reading her mother's papers Question: What was Albert ill with? Answer: chronic stomach trouble Question: What was Prince of Wales attending to in Dublin? Answer: army manoeuvres Question: What did Victoria blame Albert's death on? Answer: Prince of Wales's philandering Question: What year did Victoria's mother die? Answer: 1861 Question: Who did Victoria blame for her poor relationship with her mother? Answer: Conroy and Lehzen Question: Who took on most of Victoria's duties while she grieved her mothers death? Answer: Albert Question: What illness was Albert suffering from while he helped Victoria through her grief? Answer: chronic stomach trouble Question: What year did Albert die? Answer: 1861 Question: When did Victoria's mother die? Answer: March 1861 Question: What disease was Albert diagnosed with? Answer: typhoid fever Question: When did Albert die of his illness? Answer: 14 December 1861 Question: What was Victoria's nickname following Alberts death? Answer: widow of Windsor Question: Who was the Prince of Wales suspected to be having an affair with? Answer: an actress in Ireland Question: When did the Duchess die? Answer: 1861 Question: Who did Victoria blame for the problems between herself and the Duchess? Answer: Conroy and Lehzen Question: What caused Prince Albert's death? Answer: typhoid fever Question: Who did Victoria blame for Prince Albert's death? Answer: their son, the Prince of Wales Question: What gossip did Prince Albert hear about their son? Answer: had slept with an actress in Ireland Question: During which year did Victoria's mother live? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did Victoria realize that her mother slightly loved her? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What wasn't Albert ill with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What wasn't Princess of Wales attending to in Dublin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What didn't Victoria blame Albert's death on? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hayek had made contact with many at the U. of Chicago in the 1940s, with Hayek's The Road to Serfdom playing a seminal role in transforming how Milton Friedman and others understood how society works. Hayek conducted a number in influential faculty seminars while at the U. of Chicago, and a number of academics worked on research projects sympathetic to some of Hayek's own, such as Aaron Director, who was active in the Chicago School in helping to fund and establish what became the "Law and Society" program in the University of Chicago Law School. Hayek, Frank Knight, Friedman and George Stigler worked together in forming the Mont Pèlerin Society, an international forum for libertarian economists. Hayek and Friedman cooperated in support of the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists, later renamed the Intercollegiate Studies Institute, an American student organisation devoted to libertarian ideas. Question: Which of Hayek's works had a profound influence on those at the University of Chicago? Answer: The Road to Serfdom Question: Who played a critical role in the formation of the Law and Society program? Answer: Aaron Director Question: What group did Hayek form with three other people? Answer: Mont Pèlerin Society Question: What was the group that Friedman and Hayek supported later renamed to? Answer: Intercollegiate Studies Institute
Context: On the assumption that intellectual property rights are actual rights Stallman argues that this claim does not live to the historical intentions behind these laws, which in the case of copyright served as a censorship system, and later on, a regulatory model for the printing press that may have benefited authors incidentally, but never interfered with the freedom of average readers. Still referring to copyright, he cites legal literature such as the United States Constitution and case law to demonstrate that it is meant to be an optional and experimental bargain that temporarily trades property rights and free speech for public, not private, benefit in the form of increased artistic production and knowledge. He mentions that "if copyright were a natural right nothing could justify terminating this right after a certain period of time". Question: Stallman thinks what type of IP historically served as a censorship system? Answer: copyright Question: What does Stallman think copyright served as a regulatory model for? Answer: the printing press Question: What does Stallman think was meant to be optional and experimental? Answer: copyright Question: What does Stallman think copyright was supposed to trade temporarily for public benefit? Answer: property rights and free speech Question: Who pointed out that "if copyright were a natural right nothing could justify terminating this right after a certain period of time"? Answer: Stallman Question: What does Stallman say that censorship is a form of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was censorship a regulatory model for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Stallman say is meant to be mandatory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What restricts free Speech? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Stallman say is a natural right? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1922, Egypt, which had been declared a British protectorate at the outbreak of the First World War, was granted formal independence, though it continued to be a British client state until 1954. British troops remained stationed in Egypt until the signing of the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty in 1936, under which it was agreed that the troops would withdraw but continue to occupy and defend the Suez Canal zone. In return, Egypt was assisted to join the League of Nations. Iraq, a British mandate since 1920, also gained membership of the League in its own right after achieving independence from Britain in 1932. In Palestine, Britain was presented with the problem of mediating between the Arab and Jewish communities. The 1917 Balfour Declaration, which had been incorporated into the terms of the mandate, stated that a national home for the Jewish people would be established in Palestine, and Jewish immigration allowed up to a limit that would be determined by the mandatory power. This led to increasing conflict with the Arab population, who openly revolted in 1936. As the threat of war with Germany increased during the 1930s, Britain judged the support of the Arab population in the Middle East as more important than the establishment of a Jewish homeland, and shifted to a pro-Arab stance, limiting Jewish immigration and in turn triggering a Jewish insurgency. Question: When did Egypt regain formal independence from Britain? Answer: 1922 Question: When did Egypt stop being a British client state? Answer: 1954 Question: What treaty was signed in 1936? Answer: Anglo-Egyptian Treaty Question: When did Iraq gain independence from Britain? Answer: 1932 Question: Britain became more pro-Arab in the 1930s at the expense of which race? Answer: Jewish
Context: Meanwhile, the USSR continued briefly trying to perfect their N1 rocket, finally canceling it in 1976, after two more launch failures in 1971 and 1972. Question: Which year did the USSR cancel the N1 rocket program after two failures that didn't launch? Answer: 1976
Context: Indigenous Australians have been referred to as "black people" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigmentation. Question: Who has been referred to as "black people"? Answer: Indigenous Australians Question: What was the original term related to? Answer: skin colour Question: Since when have Indigenous Australians been referred to as black? Answer: since the early days of European settlement Question: What does the term relate to know in reference to Australians? Answer: to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry
Context: In the Iconoclastic era, figural mosaics were also condemned as idolatry. The Iconoclastic churches were embellished with plain gold mosaics with only one great cross in the apse like the Hagia Irene in Constantinople (after 740). There were similar crosses in the apses of the Hagia Sophia Church in Thessaloniki and in the Church of the Dormition in Nicaea. The crosses were substituted with the image of the Theotokos in both churches after the victory of the Iconodules (787–797 and in 8th–9th centuries respectively, the Dormition church was totally destroyed in 1922). Question: Why were mosaics destroyed in the iconoclastic era? Answer: condemned as idolatry Question: What was the common mosaic theme of iconoclastic churches? Answer: gold mosaics with only one great cross Question: When did the Iconodules change the cross in the Hagia Sophia? Answer: 787–797 Question: When was the Dormition church destroyed? Answer: 1922 Question: When did the Hagia Irene adapt the iconoclastic era mosaics? Answer: after 740
Context: The circumlunar program (Zond), created by Vladimir Chelomey's design bureau OKB-52, was to fly two cosmonauts in a stripped-down Soyuz 7K-L1, launched by Chelomey's Proton UR-500 rocket. The Zond sacrificed habitable cabin volume for equipment, by omitting the Soyuz orbital module. Chelomey gained favor with Khruschev by employing members of his family. Question: Who created the circumlunar program called Zond? Answer: Vladimir Chelomey Question: Which type of craft were two astronauts to fly in during Zond? Answer: Soyuz 7K-L1
Context: But in statistical mechanics things get more complicated. On one hand, statistical mechanics is far superior to classical thermodynamics, in that thermodynamic behavior, such as glass breaking, can be explained by the fundamental laws of physics paired with a statistical postulate. But statistical mechanics, unlike classical thermodynamics, is time-reversal symmetric. The second law of thermodynamics, as it arises in statistical mechanics, merely states that it is overwhelmingly likely that net entropy will increase, but it is not an absolute law. Question: How are things in statistical mechanics? Answer: complicated Question: What are superior to classical thermodynamics? Answer: statistical mechanics Question: In order to explain glass breaking, Fundamental laws of physics can be paired with what? Answer: a statistical postulate Question: Is statistical mechanics asymmetric or symmetric in regards to time-reversal? Answer: symmetric Question: What kind of law is the second law of thermodynamics, as it arises in statistical mechanics? Answer: not an absolute law Question: What type of mechanics help to simplify things? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is superior to statistical mechanics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What thermodynamic behavior can not be explained by the fundemental laws of physics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an abso;ute law in statistical mechanics? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Both private individuals and large production companies have used YouTube to grow audiences. Independent content creators have built grassroots followings numbering in the thousands at very little cost or effort, while mass retail and radio promotion proved problematic. Concurrently, old media celebrities moved into the website at the invitation of a YouTube management that witnessed early content creators accruing substantial followings, and perceived audience sizes potentially larger than that attainable by television. While YouTube's revenue-sharing "Partner Program" made it possible to earn a substantial living as a video producer—its top five hundred partners each earning more than $100,000 annually and its ten highest-earning channels grossing from $2.5 million to $12 million—in 2012 CMU business editor characterized YouTube as "a free-to-use... promotional platform for the music labels". In 2013 Forbes' Katheryn Thayer asserted that digital-era artists' work must not only be of high quality, but must elicit reactions on the YouTube platform and social media. In 2013, videos of the 2.5% of artists categorized as "mega", "mainstream" and "mid-sized" received 90.3% of the relevant views on YouTube and Vevo. By early 2013 Billboard had announced that it was factoring YouTube streaming data into calculation of the Billboard Hot 100 and related genre charts. Question: Other than private individuals, who has used youtube to grow their audience? Answer: large production companies Question: What is the name of youtube's revenue-sharing program? Answer: Partner Program Question: What was the highest earning youtube partner video producer? Answer: $12 million Question: Big pop artists account for how what percentage of the views on youtube? Answer: 90.3% Question: Which music chart said in 2013 it would start taking youtube data into account for its ratings? Answer: Billboard Question: How did a 2012 MCU business editor characterize YouTube? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Katheryn Thayer say in 2012 about YouTube videos? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were 2.5% of artists categorized as in 2012? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many views did the 2.5% of artists receive in 2012? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Billboard do in early 2012? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The most dense rail network in Europe of 5,063 km (3,146 mi) carries over 350 million passengers annually. In 2007, each Swiss citizen travelled on average 2,258 km (1,403 mi) by rail, which makes them the keenest rail users. The network is administered mainly by the Federal Railways, except in Graubünden, where the 366 km (227 mi) narrow gauge railway is operated by the Rhaetian Railways and includes some World Heritage lines. The building of new railway base tunnels through the Alps is under way to reduce the time of travel between north and south through the AlpTransit project. Question: How many passengers does the most dense rail network in Europe carry annualy? Answer: over 350 million Question: In 2007, what was the average amount of km's travelled by eacg Swiss citizens on the rails? Answer: 2,258 Question: Who mainly administers the Swiss railway system? Answer: Federal Railways Question: What is the Alp-Transit project designed to reduce the time of travel between? Answer: north and south Question: Under which mountains are the railway tunnels being built for the Alp-Transit project? Answer: the Alps
Context: In 1988, only 60,000 computers were connected to the Internet, and most were mainframes, minicomputers and professional workstations. On November 2, 1988, many started to slow down, because they were running a malicious code that demanded processor time and that spread itself to other computers – the first internet "computer worm". The software was traced back to 23-year-old Cornell University graduate student Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. who said 'he wanted to count how many machines were connected to the Internet'. Question: How many computers were connected to the internet in 1988? Answer: 60,000 Question: When was the first computer worm released? Answer: November 2, 1988 Question: Who was the first computer worm traced back to? Answer: Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. Question: What is a malicious code that demands processor time and spreads itself to other computers? Answer: computer worm Question: Why did Morris Jr make the computer worm? Answer: he wanted to count how many machines were connected to the Internet Question: What types of computers were connected to the internet in 1988? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On Nov 2, 1988 what caused many computers to slow down? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the first computer worm? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who created the first computer worm? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How old was the Cornell University Grad Student who created the worm? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many computers began to slow down on Nov. 2, 1988? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who tracked down the first computer worm? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the computer worm caught? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the computer worm created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which internet connected computers slowed down? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Until the 19th century, religion played a significant role in university curriculum; however, the role of religion in research universities decreased in the 19th century, and by the end of the 19th century, the German university model had spread around the world. Universities concentrated on science in the 19th and 20th centuries and became increasingly accessible to the masses. In Britain, the move from Industrial Revolution to modernity saw the arrival of new civic universities with an emphasis on science and engineering, a movement initiated in 1960 by Sir Keith Murray (chairman of the University Grants Committee) and Sir Samuel Curran, with the formation of the University of Strathclyde. The British also established universities worldwide, and higher education became available to the masses not only in Europe. Question: Ending with what century did religion play a smaller part in the curriculum of universities? Answer: 19th Question: what model of university structure was being used throughout the world at the finish of the 19th century? Answer: the German university model Question: What was the focus of universities in the 20th century? Answer: science Question: Who was Sir Keith Murray? Answer: chairman of the University Grants Committee Question: What university did Sir Samuel Curran contribute to the creation of? Answer: the University of Strathclyde Question: Ending with what century did German play a smaller part in the curriculum of universities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What model of university structure was being used throughout the world at the finish of the 20th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the focus of grants in the 19th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who formed a university in Germany? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What became less accessible to the masses? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Bell's own detailed account, presented to the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1882, differs in several particulars from most of the many and varied versions now in circulation, most notably by concluding that extraneous metal was not to blame for failure to locate the bullet. Perplexed by the peculiar results he had obtained during an examination of Garfield, Bell "...proceeded to the Executive Mansion the next morning...to ascertain from the surgeons whether they were perfectly sure that all metal had been removed from the neighborhood of the bed. It was then recollected that underneath the horse-hair mattress on which the President lay was another mattress composed of steel wires. Upon obtaining a duplicate, the mattress was found to consist of a sort of net of woven steel wires, with large meshes. The extent of the [area that produced a response from the detector] having been so small, as compared with the area of the bed, it seemed reasonable to conclude that the steel mattress had produced no detrimental effect." In a footnote, Bell adds that "The death of President Garfield and the subsequent post-mortem examination, however, proved that the bullet was at too great a distance from the surface to have affected our apparatus." Question: Bell gave his story about trying to find the bullet to the American Association for the Advancement of what? Answer: Science Question: Where did Bell go the day after trying to find the bullet? Answer: Executive Mansion Question: What kind of mattress was the President directly on? Answer: horse-hair Question: Where did Bell indicate that the bullet was too deep for his machine to register? Answer: footnote
Context: Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programming. It also remained a largely obscure format in Europe and Australia. By contrast, the format was much more popular in Japan and in the more affluent regions of Southeast Asia, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, being the prevalent rental video medium in Hong Kong during the 1990s. Its superior video and audio quality did make it a somewhat popular choice among videophiles and film enthusiasts during its lifespan. Question: Did LaserDisks offer higher or lower quality sound and picture than VHS? Answer: higher-quality Question: Why didn't LaserDisk gain popularity in North America? Answer: high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programming Question: With whom was LaserDisk a popular choice for it's picture and sound quality? Answer: videophiles and film enthusiasts Question: In what city was LaserDisk used as a popular rental medium in the 1990s? Answer: Hong Kong
Context: In most cases, the non-penalized team will have the option of declining the penalty; in which case the results of the previous play stand as if the penalty had not been called. One notable exception to this rule is if the kicking team on a 3rd down punt play is penalized before the kick occurs: the receiving team may not decline the penalty and take over on downs. After the kick is made, change of possession occurs and subsequent penalties are assessed against either the spot where the ball is caught, or the runback. Question: Who can decline a penalty? Answer: the non-penalized team Question: A team receiving a punt cannot decline a penalty on which down? Answer: 3rd down Question: The outcome of which play determines the placement of the ball when a penalty is declined? Answer: the previous play Question: What can a team do when they prefer the original outcome of a play to the situation they would have with a penalty assessed on the other team for that play? Answer: decline the penalty Question: Who can decline a previous play? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What will stand as if the 3rd down punt play had not been called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After the runback is made what happens? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an exception to the change of possession for the non-penalized team? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After change of possession, what are assessed against the kicking team or the receiving team? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city's charter was granted by Prince John, as Lord of Ireland, in 1185. The city was once fully walled, and some wall sections and gates remain today. For much of the Middle Ages, Cork city was an outpost of Old English culture in the midst of a predominantly hostile Gaelic countryside and cut off from the English government in the Pale around Dublin. Neighbouring Gaelic and Hiberno-Norman lords extorted "Black Rent" from the citizens to keep them from attacking the city. The present extent of the city has exceeded the medieval boundaries of the Barony of Cork City; it now takes in much of the neighbouring Barony of Cork. Together, these baronies are located between the Barony of Barrymore to the east, Muskerry East to the west and Kerrycurrihy to the south. Question: Who granted Cork's charter? Answer: Prince John Question: What kind of protection did Cork have? Answer: fully walled Question: What parts of Cork's defense remain today? Answer: some wall sections and gates Question: What would citizens of Cork pay to neighboring lords in order to prevent them from attacking their city? Answer: Black Rent Question: Where is the present city of Cork located geographically? Answer: between the Barony of Barrymore to the east, Muskerry East to the west and Kerrycurrihy to the south Question: What was Prince John Lord of in the 11th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who granted Cork's charter in the 11th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Cork a Gaelic outpost? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who payed "Black Rent" to the citizens of Cork? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of protection did the hostile Gaelic countryside have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who granted the Barony of Barrymore's charter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What parts of Barony of Barrymore still remain today? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were citizens expected to pay to Prince John since he was Lord of Ireland? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Dublin located? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the entire government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the Executive Council (the then name for the Irish cabinet). Question: When was the convention of prime ministers initiating the dissolution of parliament started? Answer: 1918 Question: In Ireland, when was the power to dissolve parliament assigned to the prime minister? Answer: 1937 Question: The 1922 Irish Free State Constitution previously gave what body the power to dissolve parliament? Answer: the Executive Council Question: What was the Executive Council an alternate name for? Answer: cabinet Question: Who lost the power to request a dissolution of parliment in 1918? Answer: Unanswerable Question: since when has the power to request a dissalution belonged to the whole government? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Executive Council have the power to do in Ireland? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What could the Taoiseach due prior to 1922 Answer: Unanswerable
Context: About five percent of the population are of full-blooded indigenous descent, but upwards to eighty percent more or the majority of Hondurans are mestizo or part-indigenous with European admixture, and about ten percent are of indigenous or African descent. The main concentration of indigenous in Honduras are in the rural westernmost areas facing Guatemala and to the Caribbean Sea coastline, as well on the Nicaraguan border. The majority of indigenous people are Lencas, Miskitos to the east, Mayans, Pech, Sumos, and Tolupan. Question: How much of the population of Honduras is of full-blooded indigenous descent? Answer: About five percent Question: What percentage of Hondurans have African blood mixed in with the rest of their ancestry? Answer: about ten percent Question: Where are the main concentrations of indigenous people in Honduras? Answer: rural westernmost areas Question: The Lencas, Miskitos, Mayans Pech, Sumos and Tolupan comprise the majority of what in Honduras? Answer: indigenous people
Context: Official cults were state funded as a "matter of public interest" (res publica). Non-official but lawful cults were funded by private individuals for the benefit of their own communities. The difference between public and private cult is often unclear. Individuals or collegial associations could offer funds and cult to state deities. The public Vestals prepared ritual substances for use in public and private cults, and held the state-funded (thus public) opening ceremony for the Parentalia festival, which was otherwise a private rite to household ancestors. Some rites of the domus (household) were held in public places but were legally defined as privata in part or whole. All cults were ultimately subject to the approval and regulation of the censor and pontifices. Question: What organization payed for the maintenance official cults? Answer: state Question: Who funded non-official religious cults? Answer: private individuals Question: What group benefited from non- official cults? Answer: own communities Question: What group presented the opening ceremonies of the Parentalia festival? Answer: Vestals Question: What individuals had the right to regulate all cults? Answer: censor and pontifices
Context: The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (symbol Pa), but vacuum is often measured in torrs, named for Torricelli, an early Italian physicist (1608–1647). A torr is equal to the displacement of a millimeter of mercury (mmHg) in a manometer with 1 torr equaling 133.3223684 pascals above absolute zero pressure. Vacuum is often also measured on the barometric scale or as a percentage of atmospheric pressure in bars or atmospheres. Low vacuum is often measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or pascals (Pa) below standard atmospheric pressure. "Below atmospheric" means that the absolute pressure is equal to the current atmospheric pressure. Question: Absolute pressure being equal to current atmospheric pressure means what? Answer: "Below atmospheric" Question: What is a torr equal to? Answer: displacement of a millimeter of mercury Question: What is another often used options to measure vacuum? Answer: barometric scale Question: During what years was mercury commonly in use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the barometric scale equal to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What element did Torricelli discover in 1608? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many pascals does the barometric scale equal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another way to measure the state of being below atmospheric? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Leakage is equivalent to a resistor in parallel with the capacitor. Constant exposure to heat can cause dielectric breakdown and excessive leakage, a problem often seen in older vacuum tube circuits, particularly where oiled paper and foil capacitors were used. In many vacuum tube circuits, interstage coupling capacitors are used to conduct a varying signal from the plate of one tube to the grid circuit of the next stage. A leaky capacitor can cause the grid circuit voltage to be raised from its normal bias setting, causing excessive current or signal distortion in the downstream tube. In power amplifiers this can cause the plates to glow red, or current limiting resistors to overheat, even fail. Similar considerations apply to component fabricated solid-state (transistor) amplifiers, but owing to lower heat production and the use of modern polyester dielectric barriers this once-common problem has become relatively rare. Question: With what value is a resistor in parallel with a capacitor equal to? Answer: Leakage Question: What can cause excessive leakage in a capacitor? Answer: Constant exposure to heat Question: What sort of capacitors are used to carry a varying signal from the conductive plate of one tube to the grid circuit of the next stage? Answer: interstage coupling capacitors Question: What type of capacitor can cause signal distortion in the downstream tube? Answer: A leaky capacitor Question: If the grid circuit voltage is increased beyond its regular bias setting, what can happen to the conductive plates in power amplifiers? Answer: cause the plates to glow red Question: With what value is a resistor in parallel with a capacitor not equal to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What will never cause excessive leakage in a capacitor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What sort of capacitors are never used to carry a varying signal from the conductive plate of one tube to the grid circuit of the next stage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of capacitor will never cause signal distortion in the downstream tube? Answer: Unanswerable Question: If the grid circuit voltage is increased beyond its regular bias setting, what doesn't happen to the conductive plates in power amplifiers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Centered on Post Oak Boulevard and Westheimer Road, the Uptown District boomed during the 1970s and early 1980s when a collection of mid-rise office buildings, hotels, and retail developments appeared along Interstate 610 west. Uptown became one of the most prominent instances of an edge city. The tallest building in Uptown is the 64-floor, 901-foot (275 m)-tall, Philip Johnson and John Burgee designed landmark Williams Tower (known as the Transco Tower until 1999). At the time of construction, it was believed to be the world's tallest skyscraper outside of a central business district. The new 20-story Skanska building and BBVA Compass Plaza are the newest office buildings built in Uptown after 30 years. The Uptown District is also home to buildings designed by noted architects I. M. Pei, César Pelli, and Philip Johnson. In the late 1990s and early 2000s decade, there was a mini-boom of mid-rise and high-rise residential tower construction, with several over 30 stories tall. Since 2000 more than 30 high-rise buildings have gone up in Houston; all told, 72 high-rises tower over the city, which adds up to about 8,300 units. In 2002, Uptown had more than 23 million square feet (2,100,000 m²) of office space with 16 million square feet (1,500,000 m²) of Class A office space. Question: What area is located at Post Oak Boulevard and Westheimer Road? Answer: Uptown District Question: When did the Uptown district expand? Answer: 1970s and early 1980s Question: What is the tallest building in Uptown Houston? Answer: Williams Tower Question: How many square feet of office space did Houston have in Uptown in 2002? Answer: 23 million Question: Until 1999 what was the Williams Tower known as? Answer: Transco Tower Question: What area is located at Post Oak Street and Westheimer Avenue? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Texas expand? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the tallest building in Texas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many square feet of office space did Texas have in 2003? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Until 1909 what was the Williams Tower known as? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In July 2007, the National Archives announced it would make its collection of Universal Newsreels from 1929 to 1967 available for purchase through CreateSpace, an Amazon.com subsidiary. During the announcement, Weinstein noted that the agreement would "... reap major benefits for the public-at-large and for the National Archives." Adding, "While the public can come to our College Park, MD research room to view films and even copy them at no charge, this new program will make our holdings much more accessible to millions of people who cannot travel to the Washington, DC area." The agreement also calls for CreateSpace partnership to provide the National Archives with digital reference and preservation copies of the films as part of NARA's preservation program. Question: In what year did the National Archives announce that it would make its collection of Universal Newsreels available for purchase online? Answer: 2007 Question: What company did the National Archives partner with make it's Universal Newsreels available online? Answer: CreateSpace Question: Universal Newsreels dated from which year up to 1967 were made available through CreateSpace? Answer: 1929 Question: In what year did CreateSpace begin partnering with Amazon.com? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who founded CreateSpace and helped them partner with Amazon.com? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Amazon.com think partnering with Weinstein would accomplish? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can the public view when they go to the Amazon.com website? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much does it cost to view films on Amazon.com from 1929 to 1967? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat. Toward that end, Canadian ground and air forces were based in Europe from the early 1950s until the early 1990s. Question: What war were the CAF involved in? Answer: Cold War Question: What was the goal of the CAF during the cold war? Answer: the security of Europe Question: What military thread did the CAF protect against in Europe? Answer: the Soviet military threat Question: Apprimately since what year was the CAF stationed in Europe? Answer: the early 1950s Question: What year did the CAF leave Europe? Answer: the early 1990s Question: What were based in Europe in 1950? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were Canadian ground and air forces based in 1950? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What years did the Cold War take place? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What war were the CAAF involved in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the goal of the CAF during the warm war? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What military thread did the CAF not protect against in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Approximately since what year was the CAF not stationed in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the CAF join Europe? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: This first list is referred to as the "Class of '67" in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, Volume 1, which concludes that habitat destruction, the biggest threat to those 78 species, is still the same threat to the currently listed species. It included only vertebrates because the Department of Interior's definition of "fish and wildlife" was limited to vertebrates. However, with time, researchers noticed that the animals on the endangered species list still were not getting enough protection, thus further threatening their extinction. The endangered species program was expanded by the Endangered Species Act of 1969. Question: What is the nickname given to the first listing of endangered species? Answer: "Class of '67" Question: What was concluded to be the biggest threat to the listed species? Answer: habitat destruction Question: How was the first listing limited in what species were listed? Answer: It included only vertebrates Question: How did being listed initially impact species? Answer: the animals on the endangered species list still were not getting enough protection, thus further threatening their extinction Question: How many species are currently listed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of animal was not included in Volume 1? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What volume was published in 1969? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What threat towards species has been neutralized? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Endangered Species Act of 1969 referred to as? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and evolutionary biology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists and other specialists engaged in the description and interpretation of cultural forms. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them. Question: What type of anthology deals with patterns of shared knowledge? Answer: Cognitive Question: What methods and theories do cognitive anthropologists use to explain cultural innovation? Answer: cognitive sciences Question: What are two examples of methods and theories of cognitive science? Answer: experimental psychology and evolutionary biology Question: Cognitive anthropologists want to know how the way people perceive and related to the world around them is linked to what? Answer: implicit knowledge Question: What seeks to explain pattterns of aquired knowledge? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do cognitive anthropologists use to explain cognitive sciences? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are two examples of methods and theories of cognitive anthropology? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The competition is open to any club down to Level 10 of the English football league system which meets the eligibility criteria. All clubs in the top four levels (the Premier League and the three divisions of the Football League) are automatically eligible. Clubs in the next six levels (non-league football) are also eligible provided they have played in either the FA Cup, FA Trophy or FA Vase competitions in the previous season. Newly formed clubs, such as F.C. United of Manchester in 2005–06 and also 2006–07, may not therefore play in the FA Cup in their first season. All clubs entering the competition must also have a suitable stadium. Question: Is the competition open to anyone? Answer: The competition is open to any club down to Level 10 of the English football league system Question: Is there anyone automatically eligible? Answer: . All clubs in the top four levels (the Premier League and the three divisions of the Football League) are automatically eligible Question: Who else can play? Answer: Clubs in the next six levels (non-league football) are also eligible provided they have played in either the FA Cup, FA Trophy or FA Vase competitions Question: Can new clubs play too? Answer: Newly formed clubs, such as F.C. United of Manchester in 2005–06 and also 2006–07, may not therefore play in the FA Cup in their first season. Question: Do I need a stadium to compete? Answer: All clubs entering the competition must also have a suitable stadium. Question: Who is the competition closed to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is not automatically eligible? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What season can newly formed clubs start playing in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a club not need in order to play? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which competitions do not make a team eligible if the team has played in them in the previous season? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: NAACP had many problem's with JFK's "token" proposal. They wanted jobs. One day after the order took effect, NAACP labor secretary Herbert Hill filed complaints against the hiring and promoting practices of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. Lockheed was doing business with the Defense Department on the first billion-dollar contract. Due to taxpayer-funding being 90% of Lockheed's business, along with disproportionate hiring practices, black workers charged Lockheed with "overt discrimination." Lockheed signed an agreement with Vice President Johnson that pledged an "aggressive seeking out for more qualified minority candidates for technical and skill positions.:63–64 This agreement was the administration's model for a "plan of progress." Johnson and his assistants soon pressured other defense contractors, including Boeing and General Electric, to sign similar voluntary agreements indicating plans for progress. However, these plans were just that, voluntary. Many corporations in the South, still afflicted with Jim Crow laws, largely ignored the federal recommendations.:63–64 Question: Who had issues with JFK's proposal? Answer: NAACP Question: Who filed complaints quickly after the Executive Order was implemented? Answer: NAACP labor secretary Herbert Hill Question: Which company was targeted by the NAACP for not having fair practices? Answer: Lockheed Aircraft Corporation Question: Who did Lockheed sign an agreement with to seek out more minority workers? Answer: Vice President Johnson Question: Which laws did the corporations in the South associate with in order to ignore the federal recommendations? Answer: Jim Crow Question: Who had issues with JFK's rejection? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who filed complaints quickly before the Executive Order was implemented? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which company was targeted by the NAACP for having fair practices? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Lockheed sign an agreement with to seek out more minority workers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which laws did the corporations in the North associate with in order to ignore the federal recommendations? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Alban Butler, writes on the subject: "Five months after this great Council, Nicae, St Alexander lying on his death-bed, recommended to his clergy and people the choice of Athanasius for his successor, thrice repeating his name. In consequence of his recommendation, the bishops of all Egypt assembled at Alexandria, and finding the people and clergy unanimous in their choice of Athanasius for patriarch, they confirmed the election about the middle of year 326. He seems, then, to have been about thirty years of age. " Question: How did the people know that Alexander had chosen Athanasius as his successor? Answer: thrice repeating his name Question: How old was Athanasius when he was chosen as Patriarch? Answer: thirty years Question: Who came to Alexandria to confirm the choice? Answer: bishops of all Egypt Question: Did all the people want him as Patriarch? Answer: unanimous in their choice Question: How long after the Council of Nicae did Alexander die? Answer: Five months Question: How did the people know that Alexander had chosen Athanasius as his predecesor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How old was Athanasius when he was chosen as Pope? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long after the Council of Nicae was Alexander born? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The chapter house has an original mid-13th-century tiled pavement. A door within the vestibule dates from around 1050 and is believed to be the oldest in England.[citation needed] The exterior includes flying buttresses added in the 14th century and a leaded tent-lantern roof on an iron frame designed by Scott. The Chapter house was originally used in the 13th century by Benedictine monks for daily meetings. It later became a meeting place of the King's Great Council and the Commons, predecessors of Parliament. Question: What kind of tiled pavement is in the chapter house? Answer: mid-13th-century Question: A door in the vestible dates back to when? Answer: 1050 Question: When were the exterior flying buttresses added? Answer: the 14th century Question: Who else met in the chapter house? Answer: King's Great Council and the Commons Question: What kind of tiled pavement is in the chapel house? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A window in the vestible dates back to when? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the interior flying buttresses added? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who else never met in the chapter house? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the exterior flying buttresses subtracted? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era, and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country, more people are openly forming interracial unions. In addition, social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it is socially advantageous to try to "pass" as white. Diverse immigration has brought more mixed-race people into the United States, such as the large population of Hispanics identifying as mestizos. Since the 1980s, the United States has had a growing multiracial identity movement (cf. Loving Day). Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins, the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial. In 2008 Barack Obama was elected as the first multiracial President of the United States; he acknowledges both sides of his family and identifies as African American. Question: When was there a period of formal racial segregation? Answer: in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era Question: What is the effect of there no longer being a stigma on interracial marriage? Answer: more people are openly forming interracial unions Question: What has caused more people of mixed races to the US? Answer: Diverse immigration Question: Why were Americans allowed to start checking more than one box to identify their race in the Census in 200? Answer: Because more Americans have insisted on being allowed to acknowledge their mixed racial origins Question: Who was elected and was the first multiracial president of the United States? Answer: Barack Obama Question: Who was the first multiracial president elected in the US Answer: In 2008 Barack Obama was elected as the first multiracial President of the United States Question: When did the US begin to experience a growing multiracial identity movement? Answer: Since the 1980s, the United States has had a growing multiracial identity movement Question: When did the US census start to allow residents to mark more than one ethno-racial identity on the census form? Answer: the 2000 census for the first time allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity and thereby identify as multiracial Question: What has brought more mixed race people to the US? Answer: . Diverse immigration has brought more mixed-race people into the United States Question: Who are "mestizos"? Answer: large population of Hispanics identifying as mestizos Question: What was it once considered socially advantageous to do? Answer: try to "pass" as white Question: What is an example of the multiracial identity movement at work? Answer: Loving Day Question: What does the first multiracial president identify as? Answer: African American Question: When did the census begin allowing multiple boxes to be checked? Answer: 2000 Question: When was an African American president elected? Answer: 2008 Question: What are less people openly doing than in the past? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has brought more single-race people into the United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What movement did the United States have before the 1980s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was the last census that allowed residents to check more than one ethno-racial identity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the last multiracial President of the United States? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to modify rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming, and louder vocals, from electric blues. Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the work of Chicago blues musicians Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf, The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" (1963) which made it a garage rock standard, and the songs of rhythm and blues influenced British Invasion acts, including "You Really Got Me" by The Kinks (1964), "My Generation" by The Who (1965), "Shapes of Things" (1966) by The Yardbirds and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (1965) by The Rolling Stones. From the late 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft and hard rock. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from blues rock and was played louder and with more intensity. Question: Who were three Chicago blues players who influenced hard rock? Answer: Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf Question: Who recorded "You Really Got Me"? Answer: The Kinks Question: "Shapes of Things" was a 1966 single by what band? Answer: The Yardbirds Question: What garage rock classic was recorded by The Kingsmen? Answer: "Louie Louie" Question: When did the Rolling Stones release "(I Can't Get No" Satisfaction"? Answer: 1965 Question: When did rock bands began to modify rock by using softer sounds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Muddy Waters record the song Louie Louie? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did The Yardbirds record the song You Really Got Me? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What song did The Kinks record in 1965? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was a Chicago blues player who had very little influence on hard rock? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In ring-porous woods of good growth it is usually the latewood in which the thick-walled, strength-giving fibers are most abundant. As the breadth of ring diminishes, this latewood is reduced so that very slow growth produces comparatively light, porous wood composed of thin-walled vessels and wood parenchyma. In good oak these large vessels of the earlywood occupy from 6 to 10 percent of the volume of the log, while in inferior material they may make up 25% or more. The latewood of good oak is dark colored and firm, and consists mostly of thick-walled fibers which form one-half or more of the wood. In inferior oak, this latewood is much reduced both in quantity and quality. Such variation is very largely the result of rate of growth. Question: Which specific type of wood within ring-porous woods have more fibers to make it strong? Answer: latewood Question: When there is less latewood, what is diminishing? Answer: breadth of ring Question: Does slow or rapid growth make relatively porous, light wood? Answer: slow Question: What kind of oak has just 6-10% volume of large vessels in the log? Answer: good Question: What kind of fibers are in the latewood of good oak, making it very firm? Answer: thick-walled
Context: Immigration law firm Siskind & Susser have stated that Schwarzenegger may have been an illegal immigrant at some point in the late 1960s or early 1970s because of violations in the terms of his visa. LA Weekly would later say in 2002 that Schwarzenegger is the most famous immigrant in America, who "overcame a thick Austrian accent and transcended the unlikely background of bodybuilding to become the biggest movie star in the world in the 1990s". Question: What magazine called Schwarzenegger America's most famous immigrant? Answer: LA Weekly
Context: In the run-up to the London 2012 Summer Olympic Games and London 2012 Summer Paralympic Games, Eton's purpose-built Dorney Lake, a permanent, eight-lane, 2,200 metre course (about 1.4 miles) in a 400-acre park, officially known throughout the Games as Eton Dorney, provided training facilities for Olympic and Paralympic competitors, and during the Games, hosted the Olympic and Paralympic Rowing competitions as well as the Olympic Canoe Sprint event, attracting over 400,000 visitors during the Games period (around 30,000 per day), and voted the best 2012 Olympic venue by spectators. Access to the 400-acre parkland around the Lake is provided to members of the public, free of charge, almost all the year round. Question: What purpose did Eton Dorney have to the London Olympic games? Answer: training facilities Question: How many visitors attended Eton Dorney during the 2012 Olympics? Answer: 400,000 visitors during the Games period (around 30,000 per day) Question: What did 2012 Olympic spectators vote Eton Dorney to be? Answer: best 2012 Olympic venue Question: How much does it cost to attend Eton Dorney throughout the year? Answer: free of charge Question: In what year was Dorney Lake built? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In an average year how many members of the public make use of Dorney Lake? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much property does Eton own? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many spectators were there for the 2012 Olympic Canoe Sprint event in total? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many spectators were there on average for the Paralympic Rowing competitions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration. Question: Telegu, Kannada and others are considered to be some of the what languages? Answer: Dravidian Question: What has no distinction between the categories of voiced, voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated? Answer: native Dravidian words Question: In native English words, there is no distinction between what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is used only in loanwords from Spanish languages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is underspecified for voicing and unaspiratoin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: There are many category distinctions in what language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: All of the Dravidian languages have a distinction between what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The University of Swaziland, Southern African Nazarene University, Swaziland Christian University are the institutions that offer university education in the country. A campus of Limkokwing University of Creative Technology can be found at Sidvwashini, a suburb of the capital Mbabane. There are some teaching and nursing assistant colleges around the country. Ngwane Teacher's College and William Pitcher College are the country's teaching colleges. The Good Shepherd Hospital in Siteki is home to the College for Nursing Assistants. Question: The University of Swaziland, Southern Nazarene University, offer higher learning in Swaziland, what is one other University? Answer: Swaziland Christian University Question: Where can one find the Limkoking University of Creative Technology? Answer: Sidvwashini Question: What is the capital of Swaziland? Answer: Mbabane Question: Where in Swaziland is The Good shepherd Hospital? Answer: Siteki Question: What nursing school does The Good Shepherd Hospital contain? Answer: College for Nursing Assistants Question: What are the 3 schools that offer a university education on the continent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What campus can be found in the capital? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the nursing and teaching college? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Siteki the capital of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Predators may be put to use in conservation efforts to control introduced species. Although the aim in this situation is to remove the introduced species entirely, keeping its abundance down is often the only possibility. Predators from its natural range may be introduced to control populations, though in some cases this has little effect, and may even cause unforeseen problems. Besides their use in conservation biology, predators are also important for controlling pests in agriculture. Natural predators are an environmentally friendly and sustainable way of reducing damage to crops, and are one alternative to the use of chemical agents such as pesticides. Question: How can natural predators benefit crops? Answer: reducing damage to crops, and are one alternative to the use of chemical agents such as pesticides Question: How are predators beneficial to agriculture? Answer: controlling pests Question: If removing an introduced species entirely isn't a posibility, what is the next best outcome? Answer: keeping its abundance down Question: Predators are used in conservation to reduce what type of species from the environment? Answer: introduced species Question: What is one way pesticides benefit crops? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one thing that can happen if you use pesticides? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the only thing that is possible when removing pests? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what area are agricultural pests used for research? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What chemical agent is used to control introduced species? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 2 June 2013, The Sun on Sunday ran a front page story on singer-songwriter Tulisa Contostavlos. The front page read: "Tulisa's cocaine deal shame"; this story was written by The Sun On Sunday's undercover reporter Mahzer Mahmood, who had previously worked for the News of the World. It was claimed that Tulisa introduced three film producers (actually Mahmood and two other Sun journalists) to a drug dealer and set up a £800 deal. The subterfuge involved conning the singer into believing that she was being considered for a role in an £8 million Bollywood film. Question: Who was the subject of an early June 2013 front page story? Answer: Tulisa Contostavlos Question: Who wrote the story on Tulisa Contostavlos? Answer: Mahzer Mahmood Question: What was the main allegation in The Sun's story on Contostavlos? Answer: that Tulisa introduced three film producers (actually Mahmood and two other Sun journalists) to a drug dealer and set up a £800 deal Question: What did The Sun reporters make Contostavlos believe? Answer: that she was being considered for a role in an £8 million Bollywood film Question: What was the title of the front page story on Contostavlos? Answer: Tulisa's cocaine deal shame
Context: In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not only food and lodging, but also stabling and fodder for the traveller's horse(s) and on some roads fresh horses for the mail coach. Famous London inns include The George, Southwark and The Tabard. There is however no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment. Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word "in", as in "The Welcome Inn", the name of many pubs in Scotland. Question: What amenity does an inn offer that pubs, alehouses and taverns usually do not? Answer: accommodation Question: In what nation's pubs is food often served? Answer: the UK Question: Along with Southwark and The Tabard, what is a notable London inn? Answer: The George Question: In what country is "The Welcome Inn" frequently used as a name for pubs? Answer: Scotland Question: Aside from human beings, what creature's needs were traditionally seen to at inns? Answer: horses
Context: The climate of the coastal plain is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, which keeps conditions mild in winter and moderate, although humid, in summer. The highest coastal, daytime temperature averages less than 89 °F (32 °C) during summer months. The coast has mild temperatures in winter, with daytime highs rarely below 40 °F (4 °C). The average daytime temperature in the coastal plain is usually in the mid-50s °F (11–14 °C) in winter. Temperatures in the coastal plain only occasionally drop below the freezing point at night. The coastal plain averages only around 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow or ice annually, and in many years, there may be no snow or ice at all. Question: What ocean influinces the climate of North Carolinas coastal plain? Answer: Atlantic Question: What is the climate of the coastal plain in the winter? Answer: mild Question: What is the climate of North Carolinas coastal plain in the summer? Answer: moderate, although humid Question: What is the average high North Carolina coastal temperature on the plains in the summer? Answer: 89 °F Question: How often do temperatures on the coastal plain of NC drop below freezing at night? Answer: occasionally
Context: In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, the latter agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England (Treaty of Nonsuch, 1585), and sent the Earl of Leicester as governor-general. This was unsuccessful and in 1588 the provinces became a confederacy. The Union of Utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces, which was not recognized by the Spanish Empire until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Question: In what year did the United Provinces invite Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them? Answer: 1582 Question: In what year did Francis, Duke of Anjou leave the Netherlands? Answer: 1583 Question: When was William of Orange assassinated? Answer: 10 July 1584 Question: Who agreed to turn the United Provinces into a protectorate of England? Answer: Elizabeth I Question: In what year did the United Provinces become a confederacy? Answer: 1588 Question: In what year did the Duke of Anjou conquered the United provinces? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who talk Antwerp in 1583? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two rulers fought over the provinces after the assassination of William of Orange? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What treaty gave England sovereignty over the United provinces? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the Spanish Empire stopped recognizing the Republic of the Seven United Provinces? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Duke of Anjou assassinated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Henry III leave the Netherlands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Duke of Anjou decline an offer of soverignty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was sent as governer-general to the Spanish Empire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Henry III do with the United Provinces after William of Orange was assassinated? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Sleep involves great changes in brain activity. Until the 1950s it was generally believed that the brain essentially shuts off during sleep, but this is now known to be far from true; activity continues, but patterns become very different. There are two types of sleep: REM sleep (with dreaming) and NREM (non-REM, usually without dreaming) sleep, which repeat in slightly varying patterns throughout a sleep episode. Three broad types of distinct brain activity patterns can be measured: REM, light NREM and deep NREM. During deep NREM sleep, also called slow wave sleep, activity in the cortex takes the form of large synchronized waves, whereas in the waking state it is noisy and desynchronized. Levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin drop during slow wave sleep, and fall almost to zero during REM sleep; levels of acetylcholine show the reverse pattern. Question: There are two types of sleep called what? Answer: REM sleep (with dreaming) and NREM Question: What type of sleep involves dreaming? Answer: REM sleep Question: The three types of brain activity that can be measured are what? Answer: REM, light NREM and deep NREM Question: Slow wave sleep is also known as what? Answer: deep NREM sleep Question: During what stage of sleep do serotonin and norepinephrine levels drop? Answer: slow wave sleep
Context: The city's municipal government was dominated by about 12–15 merchant families, whose wealth came from overseas trade with continental Europe — in particular the export of wool and hides and the import of salt, iron and wine. The medieval population of Cork was about 2,100 people. It suffered a severe blow in 1349 when almost half the townspeople died of plague when the Black Death arrived in the town. In 1491, Cork played a part in the English Wars of the Roses when Perkin Warbeck a pretender to the English throne, landed in the city and tried to recruit support for a plot to overthrow Henry VII of England. The then mayor of Cork and several important citizens went with Warbeck to England but when the rebellion collapsed they were all captured and executed. The title of Mayor of Cork was established by royal charter in 1318, and the title was changed to Lord Mayor in 1900 following the knighthood of the incumbent Mayor by Queen Victoria on her Royal visit to the city. Question: Who controlled Cork's municipal government? Answer: 12–15 merchant families, whose wealth came from overseas trade with continental Europe Question: How many citizens were origionally in Cork? Answer: about 2,100 Question: What caused the deaths of half of Cork's citizens? Answer: Black Death Question: When did the plague hit Cork? Answer: 1349 Question: Who tried to recruit citizens of Cork to overthrow Henry VII? Answer: Perkin Warbeck Question: How many aristocratic families dominated the government? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who exported salt, iron and wine to continental Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Cork import wool and hides from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What killed half the people in the 13th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What war did Cork take part in in the 1400's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the medieval population of England? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people died in England from the Black Death in 1349? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Henry VII want to overthrow in 1491? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Henry VII try to do for a plot to overthrow Perkin Warbeck? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did Henry VII change the title of Mayor of Cork to Lord Mayor in 1491? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Marxist critique of capitalism — developed with Friedrich Engels — was, alongside liberalism and fascism, one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century. The industrial revolution produced a parallel revolution in political thought. Urbanization and capitalism greatly reshaped society. During this same period, the socialist movement began to form. In the mid-19th century, Marxism was developed, and socialism in general gained increasing popular support, mostly from the urban working class. Without breaking entirely from the past, Marx established principles that would be used by future revolutionaries of the 20th century namely Vladimir Lenin, Mao Zedong, Ho Chi Minh, and Fidel Castro. Though Hegel's philosophy of history is similar to Immanuel Kant's, and Karl Marx's theory of revolution towards the common good is partly based on Kant's view of history—Marx declared that he was turning Hegel's dialectic, which was "standing on its head", "the right side up again". Unlike Marx who believed in historical materialism, Hegel believed in the Phenomenology of Spirit. By the late 19th century, socialism and trade unions were established members of the political landscape. In addition, the various branches of anarchism, with thinkers such as Mikhail Bakunin, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon or Peter Kropotkin, and syndicalism also gained some prominence. In the Anglo-American world, anti-imperialism and pluralism began gaining currency at the turn of the 20th century. Question: Who developed the Marxist critique of capitalism? Answer: Friedrich Engels Question: What was one of the defining ideological movements of the Twentieth Century? Answer: The Marxist critique of capitalism Question: What produced a parallel revolution in political thought? Answer: The industrial revolution Question: Who developed liberalism and fascism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What revolution was parallel but urbanization and capitalism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What movement formed in the mid-1900s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose theory of revolution is similar to Immanuel Kant's philosophy of history? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were established members of the political landscape by the late 1900s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What political system was supported by capitalism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What revolutionaries used Mikhail Bakunin's theories in the 20th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: By the turn of the 20th century what two groups were established politically? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In the late 19th century what two ideas were becoming prominent in the Anglo-American world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a defining movement of the Twentieth Century against capitalism, created by Vladamir Lenin? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests. Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, but is one of the most controversial issues. Question: In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen? Answer: 400% Question: What percentage of harvested trees are used in the manufacturing of paper? Answer: 35% Question: What do many paper companies do to ensure the health of forests? Answer: plant trees Question: What percentage of wood pulp comes from old-growth trees? Answer: 10% Question: What has risen by 35% over the last 400 years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: By how much has worldwide consumption of paper decreased over the last 40 years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What to most forest plant to help regrow companies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What accounts for more than 10% of wood pulp? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of trees harvested are not used for making paper? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In the last 10 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of harvested bushes are used in the manufacturing of paper? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do many paper companies do to ensure the health of oceans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of wood pulp comes from new-growth trees? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the Age of Reason philosophical tracts and speculations on history and human nature integrated literature with social and political developments. The inevitable reaction was the explosion of Romanticism in the later 18th century which reclaimed the imaginative and fantastical bias of old romances and folk-literature and asserted the primacy of individual experience and emotion. But as the 19th-century went on, European fiction evolved towards realism and naturalism, the meticulous documentation of real life and social trends. Much of the output of naturalism was implicitly polemical, and influenced social and political change, but 20th century fiction and drama moved back towards the subjective, emphasising unconscious motivations and social and environmental pressures on the individual. Writers such as Proust, Eliot, Joyce, Kafka and Pirandello exemplify the trend of documenting internal rather than external realities. Question: What literary movement in the 1700s recalled the fantastical literature of medieval times? Answer: Romanticism Question: What elements in 19th century European literature were a reaction to the romanticism movement? Answer: realism and naturalism Question: What are two elements prevalent among characters at the center of romanticism works? Answer: individual experience and emotion Question: How did naturalism effect the greater world? Answer: influenced social and political change Question: 20th century literature reacted to the objectivity of naturalism in the 19th century to what? Answer: the subjective Question: What literary genre exploded in thee early 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: As the 18th century went on, European fiction evolved toward what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did realism influence prior to the 20th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did 21st century fiction and drama move back toward? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Proust, Eliot, Joy, Kafka and Pirand examplified what trend? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened during the Age of Reasoning? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During the 18th century, what did European fiction evolve toward? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What effect did 20th century fiction and tragedy have on the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the reaction to the Age of Reason in the later 19th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In the 18th century, what did European fiction evolve toward? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did 20th century realism and drama move back toward? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which writers documented the external rather than the internal? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it "highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative." Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, "establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]", and called him "as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up." His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing. Question: What overabundance of themes did Kanye criticize early in his career? Answer: homophobia in hip hop Question: The shift away from what genre of rap is Kanye credited for? Answer: gangsta rap Question: What kind of background did Kanye West grow up in? Answer: middle-class Question: Who did Kanye West have a sales competition with during his album release of Graduation? Answer: 50 Cent Question: Who said that Kanye West effectively led a new wave of artists that weren't only interested in rapping about gunplay or drug dealing? Answer: Ben Detrick
Context: Oklahoma City is the annual host of the Big 12 Baseball Tournament, the World Cup of Softball, and the annual NCAA Women's College World Series. The city has held the 2005 NCAA Men's Basketball First and Second round and hosted the Big 12 Men's and Women's Basketball Tournaments in 2007 and 2009. The major universities in the area – University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City University, and Oklahoma State University – often schedule major basketball games and other sporting events at Chesapeake Energy Arena and Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark, although most home games are played at their campus stadiums. Question: What is one annual event Oklahoma City hosts? Answer: Big 12 Baseball Tournament
Context: Within the context of the overall murder rate, the death penalty cannot be said to be widely or routinely used in the United States; in recent years the average has been about one execution for about every 700 murders committed, or 1 execution for about every 325 murder convictions. However, 32 of the 50 states still execute people. Among them, Alabama has the highest per capita rate of death sentences. This is due to judges overriding life imprisonment sentences and imposing the death penalty. No other states allow this. Question: In the United States, how many murders are there for each execution? Answer: 700 Question: How many murder convictions occur in the US per execution? Answer: 325 Question: How many states in the US have the death penalty? Answer: 32 Question: What state has the highest rate of death sentences per person? Answer: Alabama Question: What does Alabama law allow judges to do that isn't allowed in other states? Answer: overriding life imprisonment sentences and imposing the death penalty Question: In the United States, how many rapes are there for each execution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many murder releases occur in the US per execution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many states in the US do not have the death penalty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What state has the lowest rate of death sentences per person? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Alabama law allow judges to do that is allowed in other states? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The population grew rapidly, from 800,000 in 1814 to 914,000 in 1830 and 1,067,000 in 1846. The combination of economic and demographic factors led to hunger, housing shortages and a lack of work for young people. Thus, it is not surprising that people left Alsace, not only for Paris – where the Alsatian community grew in numbers, with famous members such as Baron Haussmann – but also for more distant places like Russia and the Austrian Empire, to take advantage of the new opportunities offered there: Austria had conquered lands in Eastern Europe from the Ottoman Empire and offered generous terms to colonists as a way of consolidating its hold on the new territories. Many Alsatians also began to sail to the United States, settling in many areas from 1820 to 1850. In 1843 and 1844, sailing ships bringing immigrant families from Alsace arrived at the port of New York. Some settled in Illinois, many to farm or to seek success in commercial ventures: for example, the sailing ships Sully (in May 1843) and Iowa (in June 1844) brought families who set up homes in northern Illinois and northern Indiana. Some Alsatian immigrants were noted for their roles in 19th-century American economic development. Others ventured to Canada to settle in southwestern Ontario, notably Waterloo County. Question: What was the population of Alsace in 1846? Answer: 1,067,000 Question: What were the reasons for people to begin leaving Alsace? Answer: hunger, housing shortages and a lack of work for young people Question: Between what years did Alatians begin to sail towards the United States? Answer: 1820 to 1850 Question: What was the population of Paris in 1846? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Baron Haussmann move to Paris? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What famous Alsatian member lived in Russia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the ship that brought Alsatians to the US in 1820? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the settlers in Canada known for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations. Cunard ships are regularly launched in the city, for example Queen Victoria was named by HRH The Duchess of Cornwall in December 2007, and the Queen named Queen Elizabeth in the city during October 2011. The Duchess of Cambridge performed the naming ceremony of Royal Princess on 13 June 2013. Question: What brand of cruise ships has a special importance to Southampton? Answer: Cunard Line Question: What was the name of the liner that left Southampton on its final journey on November 11, 2008? Answer: RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Question: Who christened the Cunard ship Queen Victoria in December 2007? Answer: HRH The Duchess of Cornwall Question: In what year did the Queen Elizabeth receive its name from the Queen? Answer: 2011 Question: What ship did the Duchess of Cambridge christen on June 13, 2013? Answer: Royal Princess
Context: On 7 August 1998, al-Qaeda struck the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, killing 224 people, including 12 Americans. In retaliation, U.S. President Bill Clinton launched Operation Infinite Reach, a bombing campaign in Sudan and Afghanistan against targets the U.S. asserted were associated with WIFJAJC, although others have questioned whether a pharmaceutical plant in Sudan was used as a chemical warfare plant. The plant produced much of the region's antimalarial drugs and around 50% of Sudan's pharmaceutical needs. The strikes failed to kill any leaders of WIFJAJC or the Taliban. Question: When did al-Qaeda attack the US embassy in Kenya? Answer: 7 August 1998 Question: How many people were killed when al-Qaeda attacked US embassies in 1998? Answer: 224 Question: How many Americans were killed when al-Qaeda attacked US embassies in 1998? Answer: 12 Question: What operation did Bill Clinton start to retaliate for the 1998 embassy attacks? Answer: Operation Infinite Reach Question: How much of Sudan's medicines were produced by a pharmaceutical plant Clinton's operation bombed? Answer: around 50% Question: What happened on 8 August 1997? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who launched Operation Reach Infinite? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the pharmaceutical plant said to produce 12% of Sudan's pharmaceutical needs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened to kill 224 people, including 50 Americans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people did Operation Infinite Reach kill? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Operation Infinite Reach launched? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of Afghanistan's pharmaceutical needs were produced by the plant? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What operation killed several members of the Taliban? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which US embassies were bombed in Operation Infinite Reach? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Kierkegaard criticised Hegel's idealist philosophy in several of his works, particularly his claim to a comprehensive system that could explain the whole of reality. Where Hegel argues that an ultimate understanding of the logical structure of the world is an understanding of the logical structure of God's mind, Kierkegaard asserting that for God reality can be a system but it cannot be so for any human individual because both reality and humans are incomplete and all philosophical systems imply completeness. A logical system is possible but an existential system is not. "What is rational is actual; and what is actual is rational". Hegel's absolute idealism blurs the distinction between existence and thought: our mortal nature places limits on our understanding of reality; Question: Who was a notable critic of Hegel? Answer: Kierkegaard Question: For whom did Kierkegaard argue reality cannot be a system? Answer: human Question: According to Kierkegaard, why can't reality be a system for human beings? Answer: humans are incomplete Question: Even though Kierkegaard does not believe in the possibility of an existential system of reality, what sort of system can exist? Answer: logical Question: Whose work did Hegel criticize? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Kierkegaard blur the lines between? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did Kierkegaard believe humans could have a system for reality? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Kierkegaard said a logical system and what other system was possible? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Kierkegaard say could explain all of reality? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Following Bandung, Nasser officially adopted the "positive neutralism" of Yugoslavian president Josip Broz Tito and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as a principal theme of Egyptian foreign policy regarding the Cold War. Nasser was welcomed by large crowds of people lining the streets of Cairo on his return to Egypt on 2 May and was widely heralded in the press for his achievements and leadership in the conference. Consequently, Nasser's prestige was greatly boosted as was his self-confidence and image. Question: What political philosophy did Nasser adopt? Answer: positive neutralism Question: What global period was Positive Neutralism meant to deal with? Answer: Cold War Question: How did the Egyptian people react to Nasser after the conference? Answer: welcomed by large crowds Question: How did the Egyptian press react to Nasser's accomplishments? Answer: heralded
Context: When a Teletype 33 ASR equipped with the automatic paper tape reader received a Control-S (XOFF, an abbreviation for transmit off), it caused the tape reader to stop; receiving Control-Q (XON, "transmit on") caused the tape reader to resume. This technique became adopted by several early computer operating systems as a "handshaking" signal warning a sender to stop transmission because of impending overflow; it persists to this day in many systems as a manual output control technique. On some systems Control-S retains its meaning but Control-Q is replaced by a second Control-S to resume output. The 33 ASR also could be configured to employ Control-R (DC2) and Control-T (DC4) to start and stop the tape punch; on some units equipped with this function, the corresponding control character lettering on the keycap above the letter was TAPE and TAPE respectively. Question: What casued the automatic paper tape reader to stop? Answer: a Control-S Question: What caused the automatic paper tape reader to start again? Answer: Control-Q Question: What was the warning signal called that warned the sender that there was impending overflow? Answer: handshaking Question: What two controls can be configured with 33 ASR? Answer: Control-R (DC2) and Control-T (DC4) Question: What caused the paper tape reader to send a signal warning? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What caused the automatic paper tape reader to output control technique? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the warning signal that warned TAPE that there was impending overflow? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two controls can be configured from a mobile phone? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is impending overflow replaced by on some systems? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In a slightly more complex form a sender and a receiver are linked reciprocally. This second attitude of communication, referred to as the constitutive model or constructionist view, focuses on how an individual communicates as the determining factor of the way the message will be interpreted. Communication is viewed as a conduit; a passage in which information travels from one individual to another and this information becomes separate from the communication itself. A particular instance of communication is called a speech act. The sender's personal filters and the receiver's personal filters may vary depending upon different regional traditions, cultures, or gender; which may alter the intended meaning of message contents. In the presence of "communication noise" on the transmission channel (air, in this case), reception and decoding of content may be faulty, and thus the speech act may not achieve the desired effect. One problem with this encode-transmit-receive-decode model is that the processes of encoding and decoding imply that the sender and receiver each possess something that functions as a codebook, and that these two code books are, at the very least, similar if not identical. Although something like code books is implied by the model, they are nowhere represented in the model, which creates many conceptual difficulties. Question: How are the sender and receiver connected in a slightly more complex form of communication model? Answer: reciprocally Question: What is the model of communication in which the sender and receiver are connected reciprocally called? Answer: constitutive model or constructionist view Question: What is communication viewed as? Answer: a conduit Question: What is something that may alter the intended meaning of a message? Answer: different regional traditions Question: What is something that may cause the reception and decoding of the content of a message to be faulty? Answer: communication noise Question: Code books are represented in what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The first attitude of communication is referred to as what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Occasionally instances of communication are called what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A sender or receiver's what never varies regardless of culture or gender? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A person's age may change a sender or receiver's what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: London is the world's most expensive office market for the last three years according to world property journal (2015) report. As of 2015[update] the residential property in London is worth $2.2 trillion - same value as that of Brazil annual GDP. The city has the highest property prices of any European city according to the Office for National Statistics and the European Office of Statistics. On average the price per square metre in central London is €24,252 (April 2014). This is higher than the property prices in other G8 European capital cities; Berlin €3,306, Rome €6,188 and Paris €11,229. Question: London's residential property value is equivalent to what nation's GDP? Answer: Brazil Question: What is the average price of property per square meter in central London as of April 2014? Answer: €24,252 Question: A World Property Journal report has ranked London as the most expensive office market in the world for how many consecutive years? Answer: three Question: What city has the highest prices for property in Europe? Answer: London Question: What is the average property price per square meter in Berlin as of April 2014? Answer: €3,306
Context: Although Wynn's plans for development in the city were scrapped in 2002, the tunnel opened in 2001. The new roadway prompted Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage to build Atlantic City's newest casino. The Borgata opened in July 2003, and its success brought an influx of developers to Atlantic City with plans for building grand Las Vegas style mega casinos to revitalize the aging city. Question: In what year did the tunnel open? Answer: 2001 Question: What was the name of Atlantic City's newest casino? Answer: The Borgata Question: When did The Borgata open? Answer: July 2003 Question: In what year was Wynn's plans for development scrapped? Answer: 2002 Question: The new roadway prompted a partnership between which two companies? Answer: Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage
Context: The 19th-century Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone considered Burke "a magazine of wisdom on Ireland and America" and in his diary recorded: "Made many extracts from Burke—sometimes almost divine". The Radical MP and anti-Corn Law activist Richard Cobden often praised Burke's Thoughts and Details on Scarcity. The Liberal historian Lord Acton considered Burke one of the three greatest Liberals, along with William Gladstone and Thomas Babington Macaulay. Lord Macaulay recorded in his diary: "I have now finished reading again most of Burke's works. Admirable! The greatest man since Milton". The Gladstonian Liberal MP John Morley published two books on Burke (including a biography) and was influenced by Burke, including his views on prejudice. The Cobdenite Radical Francis Hirst thought Burke deserved "a place among English libertarians, even though of all lovers of liberty and of all reformers he was the most conservative, the least abstract, always anxious to preserve and renovate rather than to innovate. In politics he resembled the modern architect who would restore an old house instead of pulling it down to construct a new one on the site". Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France was controversial at the time of its publication, but after his death, it was to become his best known and most influential work, and a manifesto for Conservative thinking. Question: What political party was Gladstone in? Answer: Liberal Question: What countries did Gladstone think Burke was wise about? Answer: Ireland and America Question: What was Cobden an activist against? Answer: Corn Law Question: Lord Macaulay thought Burke was the best author since whom? Answer: Milton Question: Who thought Burke was like an architect remodeling an old house instead of tearing it down? Answer: Francis Hirst Question: What law was William Ewart Gladstone against? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which pamphlet did Lord Acton praise? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Macaulay say was the best man since Burke? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many books did Lord Acton publish on Burke? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What architect admired Burke? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other. Question: In languages like Thai and Icelandic, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what? Answer: phonemic Question: [p˭ s˭] and [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate what? Answer: phonemes Question: In the Armenian language, tenuis and unaspirated stops are what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What makes up combined phonemes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Sentences are distinguished by what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In the English language, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: An example of an unaspirated stop is? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In addition, France's education system includes many institutes of technology, embedded within most French universities. They are referred-to as institut universitaire de technologie (IUT). Instituts universitaires de technologie provide undergraduate technology curricula. 'Polytech institutes', embedded as a part of eleven French universities provide both undergraduate and graduate engineering curricula. Question: What are an institute of technology called in France? Answer: institut universitaire de technologie Question: What's the three-letter acronym for institut universitaire de technologie? Answer: IUT
Context: Boston's coastal location on the North Atlantic moderates its temperature, but makes the city very prone to Nor'easter weather systems that can produce much snow and rain. The city averages 43.8 inches (1,110 mm) of precipitation a year, with 43.8 inches (111 cm) of snowfall per season. Snowfall increases dramatically as one goes inland away from the city (especially north and west of the city)—away from the moderating influence of the ocean. Most snowfall occurs from December through March, as most years see no measurable snow in April and November, and snow is rare in May and October. There is also high year-to-year variability in snowfall; for instance, the winter of 2011–12 saw only 9.3 in (23.6 cm) of accumulating snow, but the previous winter, the corresponding figure was 81.0 in (2.06 m).[d] Question: On what coast is Boston located? Answer: the North Atlantic Question: What type of weather systems in Boston can produce much snow and rain? Answer: Nor'easter Question: What is the average rainfall in the City of Boston per year? Answer: 43.8 inches Question: What is the average snowfall per year in the City of Boston? Answer: 43.8 inches Question: When does most snowfall occur? Answer: December through March
Context: The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) compile data from over 17,000 law enforcement agencies across the country. They provide detailed data regarding the volume of crimes to include arrest, clearance (or closing a case), and law enforcement officer information. The UCR focuses its data collection on violent crimes, hate crimes, and property crimes. Created in the 1920s, the UCR system has not proven to be as uniform as its name implies. The UCR data only reflect the most serious offense in the case of connected crimes and has a very restrictive definition of rape. Since about 93% of the data submitted to the FBI is in this format, the UCR stands out as the publication of choice as most states require law enforcement agencies to submit this data. Question: What compiles data from around 17,000 law enforcement agencies? Answer: The Uniform Crime Reports Question: What does UCR focus on? Answer: violent crimes, hate crimes, and property crimes Question: Where was the UCR created? Answer: 1920s Question: What agency compiles data from law enforcement agencies outside of the country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of crimes does the UCR not focus on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the UCR disbanded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percent of data submitted to the CIA is in this format? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does not require law enforcement agencies to submit this data? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In April 2014, it was announced that GE was in talks to acquire the global power division of French engineering group Alstom for a figure of around $13 billion. A rival joint bid was submitted in June 2014 by Siemens and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) with Siemens seeking to acquire Alstom's gas turbine business for €3.9 billion, and MHI proposing a joint venture in steam turbines, plus a €3.1 billion cash investment. In June 2014 a formal offer From GE worth $17 billion was agreed by the Alstom board. Part of the transaction involved the French government taking a 20% stake in Alstom to help secure France's energy and transport interests, and French jobs. A rival offer from Siemens-Mitsubishi Heavy Industries was rejected. The acquisition was expected to be completed in 2015. Question: When did GE announce it was in talks to acquire the French engineering group Alstom? Answer: April 2014 Question: What was the final acquisition price paid by GE for Alstom? Answer: $17 billion Question: How big was the stake in Alstom taken by the French government as part of the acquisition deal? Answer: 20% Question: When was GE's acquisition of Alstom agreed to by Alstom's board? Answer: June 2014 Question: From which company did the Alstom board reject a rival acquisition proposal? Answer: Siemens-Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Question: In what year was Alstom established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much was GE worth as of April 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much was Siemens and Mitsubishi Heave Industries worth as of June 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much was was Siemens-Mitsubishi Heavy Industries rival offer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was steam turbines invented? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New Testament. In their arguments, this is particularly demonstrated in the Council of Jerusalem, described in Acts chapter 15, where the Apostles and elders gathered together to govern the Church; the Apostles being representatives of the universal Church, and elders being such for the local church. To this day, elements of federalism can be found in almost every Christian denomination, some more than others. Question: When was the earliest source of political federalism according to Christians? Answer: is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. Question: What was the structure that the early Christian church described? Answer: in the New Testament Question: What happens in the council of Jerusalem? Answer: the Apostles and elders gathered together to govern the Church Question: Where can the elements of federalism can be found? Answer: can be found in almost every Christian denomination, some more than others. Question: When was the latest source of political federalism according to Christians? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the earliest source of political federalism according to Muslims? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the structure that the late Christian church described? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What never happens in the council of Jerusalem? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where can't the elements of federalism can be found? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2000, the five most common self-reported ethnic groups in the state were: American (17.3%), African American (13.0%), Irish (9.3%), English (9.1%), and German (8.3%). Most Tennesseans who self-identify as having American ancestry are of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. An estimated 21–24% of Tennesseans are of predominantly English ancestry. In the 1980 census 1,435,147 Tennesseans claimed "English" or "mostly English" ancestry out of a state population of 3,221,354 making them 45% of the state at the time. Question: What was Tennessee's most common self-reported ethnic group in 2000? Answer: American Question: What percent of Tennessee residents self-reported their ethnic group as Irish in 2000? Answer: 9.3% Question: Which European ancestries are most common among self-identified ethnic "Americans" in Tennessee? Answer: English and Scotch-Irish Question: What European national ancestry was claimed by 45% of Tennessee residents in 1980? Answer: English Question: What was Tennessee's population in 1980? Answer: 3,221,354
Context: According to the Boston Herald, dated July 23, 2010, Kerry commissioned construction on a new $7 million yacht (a Friendship 75) in New Zealand and moored it in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, where the Friendship yacht company is based. The article claimed this allowed him to avoid paying Massachusetts taxes on the property including approximately $437,500 in sales tax and an annual excise tax of about $500. However, on July 27, 2010, Kerry stated he had yet to take legal possession of the boat, had not intended to avoid the taxes, and that when he took possession, he would pay the taxes whether he owed them or not. Question: What type of yacht did Kerry buy? Answer: a Friendship 75 Question: How expensive was Kerry's yacht? Answer: $7 million Question: Where was Kerry's yacht built? Answer: New Zealand Question: How much sales tax did Kerry owe on the yacht? Answer: $437,500 Question: Which state received Kerry's yacht's sales tax? Answer: Massachusetts
Context: Various classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists since they were all taught originally by Manjushri. The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra, a work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition, prescribes acting as a Saiva guru and initiating members into Saiva Siddhanta scriptures and mandalas. The Samvara tantra texts adopted the pitha list from the Saiva text Tantrasadbhava, introducing a copying error where a deity was mistaken for a place. Question: The royal courts sponsored both Buddhism and what? Answer: Saivism Question: Mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda, and Vaisnava tantra will be effective if applied by who? Answer: Buddhists Question: What work is associated with Guhyasamaja tradition? Answer: The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra
Context: It should be noted that many samurai forces that were active throughout this period were not deployed to Korea; most importantly, the daimyo Tokugawa Ieyasu carefully kept forces under his command out of the Korean campaigns, and other samurai commanders who were opposed to Hideyoshi's domination of Japan either mulled Hideyoshi's call to invade Korea or contributed a small token force. Most commanders who did opposed or otherwise resisted/resented Hideyoshi ended up as part of the so-called Eastern Army, while commanders loyal to Hideyoshi and his son (a notable exception to this trend was Katō Kiyomasa, who deployed with Tokugawa and the Eastern Army) were largely committed to the Western Army; the two opposing sides (so named for the relative geographical locations of their respective commanders' domains) would later clash, most notably at the Battle of Sekigahara, which was won by Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Eastern Forces, paving the way for the establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate. Question: Which military leader avoided sending his soldiers to Korea? Answer: Tokugawa Ieyasu Question: What force were most commanders opposed to the Korea invasion part of? Answer: Eastern Army Question: Which commander loyal to Hideyoshi was in the Eastern Army? Answer: Katō Kiyomasa Question: Where did the Eastern and Western armies battle? Answer: Battle of Sekigahara Question: Which army won the Battle of Sekigahara? Answer: Eastern Forces
Context: Season 12 premiered on January 16, 2013. Judges Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler left the show after two seasons. This season's judging panel consisted of Randy Jackson, along with Mariah Carey, Keith Urban and Nicki Minaj. This was the first season since season nine to have four judges on the panel. The pre-season buzz and the early episodes of the show were dominated by the feud between the judges Minaj and Carey after a video of their dispute was leaked to TMZ. Question: What year did season 12 of American Idol first air? Answer: 2013 Question: What was Mariah Careys position on season 12 of American Idol? Answer: Judges Question: What website showed video of an altercation between Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj? Answer: TMZ Question: When did season 12 premiere? Answer: January 16, 2013 Question: How many judges did this season have? Answer: four
Context: Vinyl's lower surface noise level than shellac was not forgotten, nor was its durability. In the late 1930s, radio commercials and pre-recorded radio programs being sent to disc jockeys started being stamped in vinyl, so they would not break in the mail. In the mid-1940s, special DJ copies of records started being made of vinyl also, for the same reason. These were all 78 rpm. During and after World War II, when shellac supplies were extremely limited, some 78 rpm records were pressed in vinyl instead of shellac, particularly the six-minute 12-inch (30 cm) 78 rpm records produced by V-Disc for distribution to United States troops in World War II. In the 1940s, radio transcriptions, which were usually on 16-inch records, but sometimes 12-inch, were always made of vinyl, but cut at 33 1⁄3 rpm. Shorter transcriptions were often cut at 78 rpm. Question: What was a benefit of using vinyl over shellac? Answer: lower surface noise Question: By the mid 1940s what was the primary material records were made of? Answer: vinyl Question: What was a factor in shellac availability? Answer: World War II Question: Which material was more durable, shellac or vinyl? Answer: vinyl Question: What material were most mailed records made of? Answer: vinyl
Context: Corporations and legislatures take different types of preventative measures to deter copyright infringement, with much of the focus since the early 1990s being on preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement. Strategies include education, civil & criminal legislation, and international agreements, as well as publicizing anti-piracy litigation successes and imposing forms of digital media copy protection, such as controversial DRM technology and anti-circumvention laws, which limit the amount of control consumers have over the use of products and content they have purchased. Question: Who takes different steps to prevent infringement? Answer: Corporations and legislatures Question: What is the major focus of these steps? Answer: preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement Question: What kinds of legislation are a strategy for preventing infringement? Answer: civil & criminal Question: What does DRM and anti-circumvention laws do? Answer: limit the amount of control consumers have Question: Who takes different steps to allow infringement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who never takes different steps to prevent infringement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the minor focus of these steps? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kinds of legislation aren't a strategy for preventing infringement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What doesn't DRM and anti-circumvention laws do? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Despite this, the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia. In the Battle of Liegnitz Frederick scored a strong victory despite being outnumbered three to one. The Russians under General Saltykov and Austrians under General Lacy briefly occupied his capital, Berlin, in October, but could not hold it for long. The end of that year saw Frederick once more victorious, defeating the able Daun in the Battle of Torgau; but he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order. Question: Identify a success of the Austrians? Answer: the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz Question: Where is Glatz Answer: Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia Question: What was outstanding about Frederick's victory in the Battle of Liegnitz? Answer: outnumbered three to one Question: Who led the Russian occupation of Berlin? Answer: General Saltykov Question: Why was Frederick's defeat of Daun so costly? Answer: he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order.
Context: West of the Rocky Mountains lies the Intermontane Plateaus (also known as the Intermountain West), a large, arid desert lying between the Rockies and the Cascades and Sierra Nevada ranges. The large southern portion, known as the Great Basin, consists of salt flats, drainage basins, and many small north-south mountain ranges. The Southwest is predominantly a low-lying desert region. A portion known as the Colorado Plateau, centered around the Four Corners region, is considered to have some of the most spectacular scenery in the world. It is accentuated in such national parks as Grand Canyon, Arches, Mesa Verde National Park and Bryce Canyon, among others. Other smaller Intermontane areas include the Columbia Plateau covering eastern Washington, western Idaho and northeast Oregon and the Snake River Plain in Southern Idaho. Question: What is the name of the plateau that lies west of the Rocky Mountains? Answer: Intermontane Plateaus Question: What is the name of the large southern portion of the Intermontane Plateaus? Answer: the Great Basin Question: What type of flats compose the Great Basin? Answer: salt flats Question: What region is centered around the Four Corners? Answer: Colorado Plateau Question: What is the name of the plateau that lies east of the Rocky Mountains? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A large semi arid desert lies between Rockies and what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The large northern portion is known as what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The South East is predominantly what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football, that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played, the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season. The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction. Ultimately, the 2007–08 season kicked off again with 20 teams. Question: In 1995, who requested that domestic leagues lower the amount of games played. Answer: Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football Question: What was the number of clubs reduced to in 1995. Answer: the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 Question: Who insisted that the number of games played in each domestic league must be reduced? Answer: FIFA Question: In 1995, what was the number of clubs in the league reduced to? Answer: 20 Question: On which date did FIFA request that all European leagues reduce the number of teams within themselves to 18? Answer: 8 June 2006 Question: In the 2007-08 season, how many teams was the Premier League left with? Answer: 20 Question: How many teams were relegated from the Premier League in 1995? Answer: four Question: In which year the number of games played increased to 20? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 2007, the league reduced the number of games played to how many? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which entity is the national governing body of football? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Since which year has FIFA been the governing body of football? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who suggested increasing the number of games played? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. Apuleius, defending himself against accusations of casting magic spells, defined the magician as "in popular tradition (more vulgari)... someone who, because of his community of speech with the immortal gods, has an incredible power of spells (vi cantaminum) for everything he wishes to." Pliny the Elder offers a thoroughly skeptical "History of magical arts" from their supposed Persian origins to Nero's vast and futile expenditure on research into magical practices in an attempt to control the gods. Philostratus takes pains to point out that the celebrated Apollonius of Tyana was definitely not a magus, "despite his special knowledge of the future, his miraculous cures, and his ability to vanish into thin air". Question: What word was used by the Romans for practitioners of magic? Answer: magi Question: To what did the term magi originally refer? Answer: Persian priests Question: Who wrote a skeptical work outlining magic and its use? Answer: Pliny the Elder Question: What was the title of Pliny's work on magic? Answer: "History of magical arts" Question: Who was a noted magician who could vanish into thin air? Answer: Apollonius of Tyana
Context: The German Empire conquered Ukraine during World War I and was planning on either annexing it or installing a puppet king, but was defeated by the Entente, with major involvement by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks. After conquering the rest of Ukraine from the Whites, Ukraine joined the USSR and was enlarged (gaining Crimea and then Eastern Galicia), whence a process of Ukrainization was begun, with encouragement from Moscow. Question: What nation conquered Ukraine during the First World War? Answer: The German Empire Question: What alliance defeated the German Empire in World War I? Answer: the Entente Question: What Ukrainian political group was involved in the defeat of the German Empire? Answer: Bolsheviks Question: Who did the Ukrainian Bolsheviks conquer the Ukraine from? Answer: Whites Question: During which war did the Ukraine conquer the German Empire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Ukraine planning on installing a puppet king? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who defeated the Entente during World War I? Answer: Unanswerable Question: By who was the Entente conquered during World War I? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who conquered the Ukraine during World War II? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The PLP, the party in government when the decision to join CARICOM was made, has been dominated for decades by West Indians and their descendants. (The prominent roles of West Indians among Bermuda's black politicians and labour activists predated party politics in Bermuda, as exemplified by Dr. E. F. Gordon). The late PLP leader, Dame Lois Browne-Evans, and her Trinidadian-born husband, John Evans (who co-founded the West Indian Association of Bermuda in 1976), were prominent members of this group. They have emphasised Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies. Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies have objected to this emphasis. Question: What cultural group has dominated the PLP? Answer: West Indians and their descendants. Question: Who are two prominent members of the PLP? Answer: Dame Lois Browne-Evans, and her Trinidadian-born husband, John Evans Question: What are Dame Lois Browne-Evans and her husband putting an emphasis on? Answer: Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies Question: Why are some Bermudians against the emphasis of West Indies cultural connections? Answer: Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies Question: Who had dominated CARICOM? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was Dame Lois Evans-Browne? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose husband was Evan Johns? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Small Armenian trading and religious communities have existed outside of Armenia for centuries. For example, a community has existed for over a millennium in the Holy Land, and one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem has been called the Armenian Quarter. An Armenian Catholic monastic community of 35 founded in 1717 exists on an island near Venice, Italy. There are also remnants of formerly populous communities in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt.[citation needed] Question: What is the Armenian Quarter? Answer: one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem Question: How many people live in the Armenian monastery in or near Italy? Answer: 35 Question: When was the Italian Armenian monastery founded? Answer: 1717 Question: What religion is the Italian Armenian monastery? Answer: Catholic Question: Where is the Italian Armenian monastery? Answer: on an island near Venice Question: How long have Catholic communities existed outside Austria? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Italian Quarter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Venice, Italy founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the Hungarian monastery? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people live in the Austrian monastery near Jerusalem? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Relics of Qutb Shahi and Nizam rule remain visible today, with the Charminar—commissioned by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah—coming to symbolise Hyderabad. Golconda fort is another major landmark. The influence of Mughlai culture is also evident in the city's distinctive cuisine, which includes Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem. The Qutb Shahis and Nizams established Hyderabad as a cultural hub, attracting men of letters from different parts of the world. Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the mid-19th century, with artists migrating to the city from the rest of the Indian subcontinent. While Hyderabad is losing its cultural pre-eminence, it is today, due to the Telugu film industry, the country's second-largest producer of motion pictures. Question: Which individual commissioned Chaminar? Answer: Muhammad Quli Qutb Question: When did Hyderabad become important culturally in India? Answer: the mid-19th century Question: Which two groups had an influence in making Hyderabad a cultural center? Answer: The Qutb Shahis and Nizams Question: What culture is most represented in the food of Hyderabad? Answer: Mughlai culture Question: Hyderabad has India's second biggest film production industry, what is it called? Answer: Telugu film industry
Context: Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first five to seven years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six to eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 89% of children aged six to twelve are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising. Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate middle schools, with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen. Schools that provide primary education, are mostly referred to as primary schools or elementary schools. Primary schools are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school. Question: What is another term used for Primary education? Answer: elementary Question: What does primary school consist of? Answer: first five to seven years of formal, structured education Question: What is the name of the orgination who is striving to get all the countries on the same path with primary education? Answer: UNESCO Question: What is not another term used for Primary education? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not another term for elementary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What education is the first 4 years of formal education? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened in 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What occurs at age 10? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: When used with a load that has a torque curve that increases with speed, the motor will operate at the speed where the torque developed by the motor is equal to the load torque. Reducing the load will cause the motor to speed up, and increasing the load will cause the motor to slow down until the load and motor torque are equal. Operated in this manner, the slip losses are dissipated in the secondary resistors and can be very significant. The speed regulation and net efficiency is also very poor. Question: What will a motor do if the load is reduced? Answer: speed up Question: What will a motor do if the load is increased? Answer: slow down Question: Where are slip losses dissipated? Answer: secondary resistors Question: How efficient is such a design? Answer: very poor Question: What will a motor do if the load is not reduced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What will a motor do if the load is decreased? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are slip losses not dissipated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How inefficient is such a design? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Shifts of international power have most notably occurred through major conflicts. The conclusion of the Great War and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres witnessed the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States as the chief arbiters of the new world order. In the aftermath of World War I the German Empire was defeated, the Austria-Hungarian empire was divided into new, less powerful states and the Russian Empire fell to a revolution. During the Paris Peace Conference, the "Big Four"—France, Italy, United Kingdom and the United States—held noticeably more power and influence on the proceedings and outcome of the treaties than Japan. The Big Four were leading architects of the Treaty of Versailles which was signed by Germany; the Treaty of St. Germain, with Austria; the Treaty of Neuilly, with Bulgaria; the Treaty of Trianon, with Hungary; and the Treaty of Sèvres, with the Ottoman Empire. During the decision-making of the Treaty of Versailles, Italy pulled out of the conference because a part of its demands were not met and temporarily left the other three countries as the sole major architects of that treaty, referred to as the "Big Three". Question: What marked the conclusion of The Great War? Answer: treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres Question: Who were the chief arbiters of the new world order? Answer: United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States Question: Who created the Treaty of Versailles? Answer: Big Three Question: Who were the big four? Answer: France, Italy, United Kingdom and the United States Question: What resulted after the end of the new world order? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What empire was defeated after the Big Four? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Austria fall to revolution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During the Great War which four countries had more power and influence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did The United States pull out of the conference temporarily? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Organizations including Viacom, Mediaset, and the English Premier League have filed lawsuits against YouTube, claiming that it has done too little to prevent the uploading of copyrighted material. Viacom, demanding $1 billion in damages, said that it had found more than 150,000 unauthorized clips of its material on YouTube that had been viewed "an astounding 1.5 billion times". YouTube responded by stating that it "goes far beyond its legal obligations in assisting content owners to protect their works". Question: Companies including Viacom and Mediaset have done what against youtube? Answer: filed lawsuits Question: How much did Viacom want in damages in their lawsuit against youtube? Answer: $1 billion Question: What does youtube do to prevent losing lawsuits involving copyright infringement? Answer: goes far beyond its legal obligations Question: How many unauthorized clips did Viacom allegedly find on youtube that infringed its copyrights? Answer: 150,000 Question: What organizations has YouTube filed lawsuits against? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who demanded $1.5 billion in damages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who found that their content had been viewed "an astounding 1 billion times?" Answer: Unanswerable
Context: More importantly, the contests were open to all, and the enforced anonymity of each submission guaranteed that neither gender nor social rank would determine the judging. Indeed, although the "vast majority" of participants belonged to the wealthier strata of society ("the liberal arts, the clergy, the judiciary, and the medical profession"), there were some cases of the popular classes submitting essays, and even winning. Similarly, a significant number of women participated – and won – the competitions. Of a total of 2300 prize competitions offered in France, women won 49 – perhaps a small number by modern standards, but very significant in an age in which most women did not have any academic training. Indeed, the majority of the winning entries were for poetry competitions, a genre commonly stressed in women's education. Question: What enforced contest rule guaranteed that neither gender nor social rank would determine the judging? Answer: anonymity Question: Were the vast majority of contest participants from the wealthier strata of society or the popular classes? Answer: wealthier strata of society Question: How many prize competitions did women win out of the 2300 in France? Answer: 49 Question: Women's education common stressed which literary genre? Answer: poetry Question: What literary genre were the majority of female winning contest entries? Answer: poetry
Context: As the European population was severely reduced, land became more plentiful for the survivors, and labour consequently more expensive. Attempts by landowners to forcibly reduce wages, such as the English 1351 Statute of Laborers, were doomed to fail. These efforts resulted in nothing more than fostering resentment among the peasantry, leading to rebellions such as the French Jacquerie in 1358 and the English Peasants' Revolt in 1381. The long-term effect was the virtual end of serfdom in Western Europe. In Eastern Europe, on the other hand, landowners were able to exploit the situation to force the peasantry into even more repressive bondage. Question: When did the French Jacquerie take place? Answer: 1358 Question: What English law was enacted in order to forcibly reduce wages? Answer: Statute of Laborers Question: In what year was the Statute of Laborers enacted? Answer: 1351 Question: In what year did the English Peasants' Revolt occur? Answer: 1381 Question: Which economic system was ultimately ended by the upheavals of the 14th century? Answer: serfdom Question: When didn't the French Jacquerie take place? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What English law was scrapped in order to forcibly reduce wages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Statute of Laborers rejected? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year didn't the English Peasants' Revolt occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which economic system was ultimately started by the upheavals of the 14th century? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Each play constitutes a down. The offence must advance the ball at least ten yards towards the opponents' goal line within three downs or forfeit the ball to their opponents. Once ten yards have been gained the offence gains a new set of three downs (rather than the four downs given in American football). Downs do not accumulate. If the offensive team completes 10 yards on their first play, they lose the other two downs and are granted another set of three. If a team fails to gain ten yards in two downs they usually punt the ball on third down or try to kick a field goal (see below), depending on their position on the field. The team may, however use its third down in an attempt to advance the ball and gain a cumulative 10 yards. Question: What is another term for a completed play? Answer: down Question: How many plays can the offence run without gaining ten yards? Answer: three Question: How many downs does a team get after they've gained ten on their first down? Answer: three Question: What does a team do when they have not advance the ball enough to score or likely gain a new set of downs? Answer: punt Question: What is a forfeit play called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What must the offence do within 10 yards or forfeit the ball? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can a team use its 10 yards to gain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many field goals does a team get after they've gained ten on their first down? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a team do in their position on the field when they haven't advanced the ball enough to score? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: However, while Whitehead saw religion as beginning in solitariness, he also saw religion as necessarily expanding beyond the individual. In keeping with his process metaphysics in which relations are primary, he wrote that religion necessitates the realization of "the value of the objective world which is a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals." In other words, the universe is a community which makes itself whole through the relatedness of each individual entity to all the others – meaning and value do not exist for the individual alone, but only in the context of the universal community. Whitehead writes further that each entity "can find no such value till it has merged its individual claim with that of the objective universe. Religion is world-loyalty. The spirit at once surrenders itself to this universal claim and appropriates it for itself." In this way the individual and universal/social aspects of religion are mutually dependent. Question: In what state did Whitehead believe religion began? Answer: solitariness Question: What realization did Whitehead believe religion made necessary? Answer: "the value of the objective world which is a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals." Question: What did Whitehead believe was necessary for an entity to have meaning and value? Answer: meaning and value do not exist for the individual alone, but only in the context of the universal community Question: How does Whitehead describe religion as world-loyalty? Answer: The spirit at once surrenders itself to this universal claim and appropriates it for itself Question: What did Whitehead believe was the relationship between the individual and social aspects of religion? Answer: the individual and universal/social aspects of religion are mutually dependent Question: How does Whitehead describe religion as non-world-loyalty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what state did Whitehead believe religion not begin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Whitehead believe was not necessary for an entity to have meaning and value? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Whitehead believe was the relationship between the individual and nonsocial aspects of religion? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to implement a process of destruction in order to destroy a group (as defined by the perpetrator), in whole or in substantial part, dependent upon relative group size'. The definition upholds the centrality of intent, the multidimensional understanding of destroy, broadens the definition of group identity beyond that of the 1948 definition yet argues that a substantial part of a group has to be destroyed before it can be classified as genocide (dependent on relative group size). Question: In terms of failed states and non-state actors, the possession of weapons of mass destruction was an issue examined by which writer? Answer: Adrian Gallagher Question: In Gallagher's definition of genocide, a source of what is malicious in it implementation of the destruction of a group? Answer: collective power Question: Gallagher's definition upholds the centrality of what? Answer: intent Question: The centrality of intent broadens what definition, beyond the 1948 one? Answer: group identity Question: In order for a genocide classification to happen, a major part of a group has to be what? Answer: destroyed Question: Which writer examined the possession of identity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A source of what uses its power to implement destruction in Gallagher's definition of process? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The centrality of what does Gallagher's definition uphold? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The centrality of intent broadens what definition beyond the Gallagher one? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A major part of a group has to be what in order for the centrality of intent classification to happen? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Various American Idol alumni had success on various record charts around the world; in the U.S. they had achieved 345 number ones on the Billboard charts in its first ten years. According to Fred Bronson, author of books on the Billboard charts, no other entity has ever created as many hit-making artists and best-selling albums and singles. In 2007, American Idol alums accounted for 2.1% of all music sales. Its alumni have a massive impact on radio; in 2007, American Idol had become "a dominant force in radio" according to the president of the research company Mediabase which monitors radio stations Rich Meyer. By 2010, four winners each had more than a million radio spins, with Kelly Clarkson leading the field with over four million spins. Question: How many number one Billboard singles were released by American Idol contestants in the shows first decade? Answer: 345 Question: Who is the president of Mediabase? Answer: Rich Meyer Question: Who was the most successful American Idol winner on radio as of 2010? Answer: Kelly Clarkson Question: How many number ones have Idol singers achieved on Billboard charts in just the first ten years? Answer: 345 Question: Who authored books on Billboard charts? Answer: Fred Bronson Question: How many contestants had at least one million radio spins by 2010? Answer: four Question: How many radio spins did Kelly Clarkson have by 2010? Answer: over four million
Context: To determine what information in an audio signal is perceptually irrelevant, most lossy compression algorithms use transforms such as the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) to convert time domain sampled waveforms into a transform domain. Once transformed, typically into the frequency domain, component frequencies can be allocated bits according to how audible they are. Audibility of spectral components calculated using the absolute threshold of hearing and the principles of simultaneous masking—the phenomenon wherein a signal is masked by another signal separated by frequency—and, in some cases, temporal masking—where a signal is masked by another signal separated by time. Equal-loudness contours may also be used to weight the perceptual importance of components. Models of the human ear-brain combination incorporating such effects are often called psychoacoustic models. Question: What may be used to weight the importance of components? Answer: Equal-loudness contours Question: What are often called psychoacoustic models? Answer: Models of the human ear-brain Question: What is the process called when a signal is masked by another signal separated by time? Answer: temporal masking Question: What may be used to weight the importance of cosine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are often called psychoacoustic masking? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the process when a signal is masked by another signal separated by contours? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the phenomenon wherein a signal is masked by another signal separated by threshold? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a transform that a compression frequency might use? Answer: Unanswerable