text
large_stringlengths
236
26.5k
Context: Racial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading memories that many whites had multiracial ancestry. Many families were multiracial. Similar laws had been proposed but not passed in the late nineteenth century in South Carolina and Virginia, for instance. After regaining political power in Southern states by disenfranchising blacks, white Democrats passed laws to impose Jim Crow and racial segregation to restore white supremacy. They maintained these until forced to change in the 1960s and after by enforcement of federal legislation authorizing oversight of practices to protect the constitutional rights of African Americans and other minority citizens. Question: Who are blamed in this paragraph for Jim Crow laws? Answer: white Democrats Question: When did Virginia add the one drop rule to their laws? Answer: 1924 Question: What fact was ignored by enacting one-drop rule laws? Answer: that many whites had multiracial ancestry. Question: Why were laws limiting people of color passed? Answer: to restore white supremacy Question: What had popularity in the early 20th century that caused rising racial discrimination? Answer: eugenics and ideas of racial purity Question: What continued to be enacted in new laws in the 21st century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What state enacted the two-drop rule? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of laws had been proposed and passed in the late 19th century in South Carolina? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who gained political power in the south by enfranchising blacks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what years did democrats pass laws to impose Jim Crow? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Christian population of the empire, owing to their higher educational levels, started to pull ahead of the Muslim majority, leading to much resentment on the part of the latter. In 1861, there were 571 primary and 94 secondary schools for Ottoman Christians with 140,000 pupils in total, a figure that vastly exceeded the number of Muslim children in school at the same time, who were further hindered by the amount of time spent learning Arabic and Islamic theology. In turn, the higher educational levels of the Christians allowed them to play a large role in the economy. In 1911, of the 654 wholesale companies in Istanbul, 528 were owned by ethnic Greeks. Of course, it would be a mistake to ignore the geopolitical dimensions of this dynamic. The preponderance of Christian merchants owed not to any innate business sense on their part, although plenty of European observers were keen on making this point. In fact, in many cases, Christians and also Jews were able to gain protection from European consuls and citizenship, meaning they were protected from Ottoman law and not subject to the same economic regulations as their Muslim comrades. Question: How many primary schools existed for Christians in the Ottoman empire in 1861? Answer: 571 Question: How many Christian pupils were in ottoman schools in 1861? Answer: 140,000 Question: Greeks in Istanbul owned how many wholesale companies in 1911? Answer: 528 Question: Jews and Christians were offered protection in the form of what assistance by Europe? Answer: consuls and citizenship Question: There were how many wholesale companies in Istanbul in 1911? Answer: 654
Context: Liverpool produced a number of nationally and internationally successful popular singers in the 1950s, including traditional pop stars Frankie Vaughan and Lita Roza, and one of the most successful British rock and roll stars in Billy Fury. Many Lancashire towns had vibrant skiffle scenes in the late 1950s, out of which by the early 1960s a flourishing culture of beat groups began to emerge, particularly around Liverpool and Manchester. It has been estimated that there were around 350 bands active in and around Liverpool in this era, often playing ballrooms, concert halls and clubs, among them the Beatles. After their national success from 1962, a number of Liverpool performers were able to follow them into the charts, including Gerry & the Pacemakers, the Searchers and Cilla Black. The first act to break through in the UK who were not from Liverpool, or managed by Brian Epstein, were Freddie and the Dreamers, who were based in Manchester, as were Herman's Hermits and the Hollies. Led by the Beatles, beat groups from the region spearheaded the British Invasion of the US, which made a major contribution to the development of rock music. After the decline of beat groups in the late 1960s the centre of rock culture shifted to London and there were relatively few local bands who achieved national prominence until the growth of a disco funk scene and the punk rock revolution in the mid and late 1970s. Question: Where was pop star Frankie Vaughan from? Answer: Liverpool Question: How many bands were active in the Liverpool area in the 1960s? Answer: 350 Question: What was the first act to break through in the UK, not from Liverpool or managed by Brian Epstein? Answer: Freddie and the Dreamers Question: Where were Freddie and the Dreamers based? Answer: Manchester Question: Where were Herman's Hermints and the Hollies from? Answer: Manchester Question: When was Billy Furry born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Freddie and the Dreamers get their first hit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many active bands did Manchester have in the 1960's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many local bands were still in Liverpool in the late 1960s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of one of the band members in the Beatles? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In July 2007, American business magnate and investor Warren Buffett's holding company Berkshire Hathaway bought an Israeli company, Iscar, its first non-U.S. acquisition, for $4 billion. Since the 1970s, Israel has received military aid from the United States, as well as economic assistance in the form of loan guarantees, which now account for roughly half of Israel's external debt. Israel has one of the lowest external debts in the developed world, and is a net lender in terms of net external debt (the total value of assets vs. liabilities in debt instruments owed abroad), which in December 2015[update] stood at a surplus of US$118 billion. Question: What investor bought Iscar? Answer: Warren Buffett Question: When did United States begin to provide foreign aid to Israel? Answer: 1970s Question: What was Israel's debt surplus in December 2015? Answer: US$118 billion
Context: Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constituted. Barnes commented that the Act's purpose was not protecting the architectural profession, and that the legitimate interests of the profession were best served by the (then) architectural associations in which some 80 per cent of those practising architecture were to be found. Question: When did the Royal Institute celebrate its 100th anniversary? Answer: 1934 Question: Who was the head of the Registration Committee in 1934? Answer: Harry Barnes Question: In 1934, what percentage of architects were members of professional organizations? Answer: 80 per cent Question: Who did Barnes believe was best able to advance the interests of architects? Answer: architectural associations Question: What specific institution did Barnes indicate could not be a rival of the Royal Institute? Answer: ARCUK Question: When did the Royal Institute celebrate its 200th anniversary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the head of the Registration Committee after 1934? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Barnes believe was least able to advance the interests of architects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What specific institution did Barnes indicate could become a rival of the Royal Institute? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the Institute celebrate the third centenary celebration? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The town was the subject of an attempt by a separate company, the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway, to open another rail route to the North in the 1880s and some building work, including a surviving embankment, was undertaken in the Hill Lane area. Question: What competing railway company tried to open a rail route in the 1880s? Answer: Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway Question: In which direction did the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway want to expand? Answer: North Question: What feature survives in the Hill Lane area as evidence of the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway's work? Answer: embankment
Context: The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man's inward nature. Feuerbach's materialism would later heavily influence Karl Marx. Question: Who wrote "The Essence of Christianity"? Answer: Ludwig Feuerbach Question: In what year was "The Essence of Christianity" written? Answer: 1841 Question: What did the author of "The Essence of Christianity" consider religion to be? Answer: the outward projection of man's inward nature Question: The author's ideas would later influence what well known philosopher? Answer: Karl Marx Question: What German materialist did not signal a new turn in materialism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Ludwig Feuerbach born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Ludwig Feuerbach die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Karl Marx was not influenced by who? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Karl Marx write The Essence of Christianity? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A commandery consisted of a group of counties, and was headed by an Administrator. He was the top civil and military leader of the commandery and handled defense, lawsuits, seasonal instructions to farmers and recommendations of nominees for office sent annually to the capital in a quota system first established by Emperor Wu. The head of a large county of about 10,000 households was called a Prefect, while the heads of smaller counties were called Chiefs, and both could be referred to as Magistrates. A Magistrate maintained law and order in his county, registered the populace for taxation, mobilized commoners for annual corvée duties, repaired schools and supervised public works. Question: What individual was typically in charge of a commandery? Answer: an Administrator Question: Around how many households was a Prefect responsible for? Answer: 10,000 Question: What individual was responsible for law and maintaining order in the county? Answer: A Magistrate Question: What Emperor initially created the quota system? Answer: Emperor Wu Question: Who was in charge of counties that had fewer than 10,000 people in them? Answer: Chiefs
Context: Over 230 works of Chopin survive; some compositions from early childhood have been lost. All his known works involve the piano, and only a few range beyond solo piano music, as either piano concertos, songs or chamber music. Question: How many of Chopin's works still exist? Answer: Over 230 Question: All of his pieces include what instrument? Answer: piano Question: How many Chopin pieces are known to have survived? Answer: Over 230 Question: Only a few of Chopin's pieces involve more than the piano, including piano concertos, songs and what? Answer: chamber music.
Context: St Helena Online is a not-for-profit internet news service run from the UK by a former print and BBC journalist, working in partnership with Saint FM and the St Helena Independent. Question: Who runs Saint Helena online? Answer: a former print and BBC journalist Question: Who is partnered with Saint Helena online? Answer: Saint FM and the St Helena Independent
Context: The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university and the largest in the U.S. state of Kansas. KU branch campuses are located in the towns of Lawrence, Wichita, Overland Park, Salina, and Kansas City, Kansas, with the main campus located in Lawrence on Mount Oread, the highest location in Lawrence. Founded March 21, 1865, the university was opened in 1866, under a charter granted by the Kansas State Legislature in 1864 following enabling legislation passed in 1863 under the Kansas State Constitution, adopted two years after the 1861 admission of the former Kansas Territory as the 34th state into the Union following a very famous bloody internal civil war known as "Bleeding Kansas" during the 1850s. Question: What is the abbreviation by which the University of Kansas is known? Answer: KU Question: Where is the main branch of the University of Kansas located? Answer: Lawrence Question: What is the tallest point in Lawrence? Answer: Mount Oread Question: Who authorized the opening of the University of Kansas? Answer: the Kansas State Legislature Question: In what year was Kansas made a member of the United States? Answer: 1861 Question: What is the abbreviation by which the University of Kentucky is known? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the side branch of the University of Kansas located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the lowest point in Lawrence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who authorized the closing of the University of Kansas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Kansas made a member of the United Nations? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In addition to the minimal units that can serve the purpose of differentiating meaning (the phonemes), phonology studies how sounds alternate, i.e. replace one another in different forms of the same morpheme (allomorphs), as well as, for example, syllable structure, stress, feature geometry, accent, and intonation. Question: What do phonemes differentiate? Answer: meaning Question: Aside from phonemes what is studied by phonology? Answer: how sounds alternate Question: The study of syllable structure is part of what discipline? Answer: phonology Question: What do allomorphs differentiate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Aside from phonemes what is studies by geometry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The study of accent structure is part of what discipline? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What studies how geometry alternates? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for syllable? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After Richard's death on 6 April 1199 there were two potential claimants to the Angevin throne: John, whose claim rested on being the sole surviving son of Henry II, and young Arthur I of Brittany, who held a claim as the son of John's elder brother Geoffrey. Richard appears to have started to recognise John as his heir presumptive in the final years before his death, but the matter was not clear-cut and medieval law gave little guidance as to how the competing claims should be decided. With Norman law favouring John as the only surviving son of Henry II and Angevin law favouring Arthur as the only son of Henry's elder son, the matter rapidly became an open conflict. John was supported by the bulk of the English and Norman nobility and was crowned at Westminster, backed by his mother, Eleanor. Arthur was supported by the majority of the Breton, Maine and Anjou nobles and received the support of Philip II, who remained committed to breaking up the Angevin territories on the continent. With Arthur's army pressing up the Loire valley towards Angers and Philip's forces moving down the valley towards Tours, John's continental empire was in danger of being cut in two. Question: When did Richard die? Answer: 6 April 1199 Question: Who was the sole surviving son? Answer: John Question: Where was John crowned? Answer: Westminster Question: Whose army pressed up the Loire valley? Answer: Arthur
Context: Following a series of arcade game successes in the early 1980s, Nintendo made plans to create a cartridge-based console called the Famicom. Masayuki Uemura designed the system. Original plans called for an advanced 16-bit system which would function as a full-fledged computer with a keyboard and floppy disk drive, but Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi rejected this and instead decided to go for a cheaper, more conventional cartridge-based game console as he felt that features such as keyboards and disks were intimidating to non-technophiles. A test model was constructed in October 1982 to verify the functionality of the hardware, after which work began on programming tools. Because 65xx CPUs had not been manufactured or sold in Japan up to that time, no cross-development software was available and it had to be produced from scratch. Early Famicom games were written on a system that ran on an NEC PC-8001 computer and LEDs on a grid were used with a digitizer to design graphics as no software design tools for this purpose existed at that time.[citation needed] Question: Who designed the Famicom system? Answer: Masayuki Uemura Question: The plans called for how many bits as a feature? Answer: 16 Question: Who was the Nintendo president at the time? Answer: Hiroshi Yamauchi Question: When was the test model constructed? Answer: October 1982 Question: Early Famicom games were written on what computer system? Answer: NEC PC-8001 Question: Who designed the Pamicom system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The first plans called for how many bits as a feature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the Nintendo vice president at the time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the test model destroyed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Early Famicom games weren't written on what computer system? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim described von Neumann as the "fastest mind I ever met", and Jacob Bronowski wrote "He was the cleverest man I ever knew, without exception. He was a genius." George Pólya, whose lectures at ETH Zürich von Neumann attended as a student, said "Johnny was the only student I was ever afraid of. If in the course of a lecture I stated an unsolved problem, the chances were he'd come to me at the end of the lecture with the complete solution scribbled on a slip of paper." Halmos recounts a story told by Nicholas Metropolis, concerning the speed of von Neumann's calculations, when somebody asked von Neumann to solve the famous fly puzzle: Question: How did Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim describe von Neumann? Answer: "fastest mind I ever met", Question: What did Jacob Bronowski think of von Neumann? Answer: He was the cleverest man I ever knew, without exception. He was a genius. Question: What did Lecturer Polya think about von Nuemann? Answer: Johnny was the only student I was ever afraid of.
Context: PCBs intended for extreme environments often have a conformal coating, which is applied by dipping or spraying after the components have been soldered. The coat prevents corrosion and leakage currents or shorting due to condensation. The earliest conformal coats were wax; modern conformal coats are usually dips of dilute solutions of silicone rubber, polyurethane, acrylic, or epoxy. Another technique for applying a conformal coating is for plastic to be sputtered onto the PCB in a vacuum chamber. The chief disadvantage of conformal coatings is that servicing of the board is rendered extremely difficult. Question: If a PCB is intended for use in an setting with extreme conditions, what would probably be applied? Answer: conformal coating Question: A conformal coating can be applied by spraying the PCB or by doing what else to it? Answer: dipping Question: The conformal coating can prevent leaking, shorts, and what other type of moisture damage? Answer: corrosion Question: What material was first used for conformal coating? Answer: wax Question: What action is made much more difficult for boards that have a conformal coating? Answer: servicing Question: PABs are intended for what type of environment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of coat encourages corrosion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The chief advantage to conformal coatings is what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which coatings are usually dips of dilute solutions of wax rubber? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the Presidential primary elections of February 5, 2008, Sen. Clinton won 61.2% of the Bronx's 148,636 Democratic votes against 37.8% for Barack Obama and 1.0% for the other four candidates combined (John Edwards, Dennis Kucinich, Bill Richardson and Joe Biden). On the same day, John McCain won 54.4% of the borough's 5,643 Republican votes, Mitt Romney 20.8%, Mike Huckabee 8.2%, Ron Paul 7.4%, Rudy Giuliani 5.6%, and the other candidates (Fred Thompson, Duncan Hunter and Alan Keyes) 3.6% between them. Question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Clinton get? Answer: 61.2% Question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Obama get? Answer: 37.8% Question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did McCain get? Answer: 54.4% Question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Romney get? Answer: 20.8% Question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Huckabee get? Answer: 8.2%
Context: In a speech on 24 November 1992, to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession, Elizabeth called 1992 her annus horribilis, meaning horrible year. In March, her second son, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and his wife, Sarah, separated; in April, her daughter, Princess Anne, divorced Captain Mark Phillips; during a state visit to Germany in October, angry demonstrators in Dresden threw eggs at her; and, in November, a large fire broke out at Windsor Castle, one of her official residences. The monarchy came under increased criticism and public scrutiny. In an unusually personal speech, the Queen said that any institution must expect criticism, but suggested it be done with "a touch of humour, gentleness and understanding". Two days later, the Prime Minister, John Major, announced reforms to the royal finances planned since the previous year, including the Queen paying income tax from 1993 onwards, and a reduction in the civil list. In December, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, formally separated. The year ended with a lawsuit as the Queen sued The Sun newspaper for breach of copyright when it published the text of her annual Christmas message two days before it was broadcast. The newspaper was forced to pay her legal fees and donated £200,000 to charity. Question: What did Elizabeth's speech on 24 November, 1992 mark? Answer: her accession Question: What did Elizabeth call her past year? Answer: annus horribilis Question: When did Price Andrew separate from his wife? Answer: March Question: Who did Princess Anne divorce in April? Answer: Captain Mark Phillips Question: What great house caught fire in November? Answer: Windsor Castle Question: In what year did Prince Andrew and Sarah get divorced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Princess Anne marry Captain Mark Phillips? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Prince Charles and Diana divorce? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much in legal fees did the The Sun have to pay to the Queen? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did the Windsor Castle fire cost to repair? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Much of the music recorded by singer-songwriters such as Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King and Janis Ian got as much, if not more, airplay on this format than on Top 40 stations. Easy Listening radio also began including songs by artists who had begun in other genres, such as rock and roll or R&B. In addition, several early disco songs, did well on the Adult Contemporary format. Question: Along with rock and roll, what genre of music was sometimes featured on Easy Listening radio? Answer: R&B Question: What genre of music was surprisingly successful on adult contemporary radio? Answer: disco Question: What type of musicians were artists such as Diana Ross, James Taylor, Carly Simon, Carole King and Janis Ian? Answer: singer-songwriters
Context: The original Cubist architecture is very rare. There is only one country in the world where Cubism was really applied to architecture – namely Bohemia (today Czech Republic) and especially its capital, Prague. Czech architects were the first and only ones in the world to ever design original Cubist buildings. Cubist architecture flourished for the most part between 1910–1914, but the Cubist or Cubism-influenced buildings were also built after the World War I. After the war, the architectural style called Rondo-Cubism was developed in Prague fusing the Cubist architecture with round shapes. Question: Is original Cubist architecture rare? Answer: Cubist architecture is very rare Question: Which country applied Cubism to architecture the most? Answer: Bohemia (today Czech Republic Question: What was for the form of architectural Cubism in Prague called? Answer: Rondo-Cubism Question: What was for the form of architectural Cubism in France called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was built after World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was built before WWI? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which country did not apply Cubism to architecture the most? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As sun-god and god of light, Apollo was also known by the epithets Aegletes (/əˈɡliːtiːz/ ə-GLEE-teez; Αἰγλήτης, Aiglētēs, from αἴγλη, "light of the sun"), Helius (/ˈhiːliəs/ HEE-lee-əs; Ἥλιος, Helios, literally "sun"), Phanaeus (/fəˈniːəs/ fə-NEE-əs; Φαναῖος, Phanaios, literally "giving or bringing light"), and Lyceus (/laɪˈsiːəs/ ly-SEE-əs; Λύκειος, Lykeios, from Proto-Greek *λύκη, "light"). The meaning of the epithet "Lyceus" later became associated with Apollo's mother Leto, who was the patron goddess of Lycia (Λυκία) and who was identified with the wolf (λύκος), earning him the epithets Lycegenes (/laɪˈsɛdʒəniːz/ ly-SEJ-ə-neez; Λυκηγενής, Lukēgenēs, literally "born of a wolf" or "born of Lycia") and Lycoctonus (/laɪˈkɒktənəs/ ly-KOK-tə-nəs; Λυκοκτόνος, Lykoktonos, from λύκος, "wolf", and κτείνειν, "to kill"). As god of the sun, Apollo was called Sol (/ˈsɒl/ SOL, literally "sun" in Latin) by the Romans. Question: Who was the god of light? Answer: Apollo Question: Who was the patron goddess of Lycia? Answer: Leto Question: What word literally means "born of a wolf?" Answer: Lukēgenēs Question: Since Apollo was known as god of the sun, what was another name for Apollo? Answer: Sol
Context: In modern color theory, also known as the RGB color model, red, green and blue are additive primary colors. Red, green and blue light combined together makes white light, and these three colors, combined in different mixtures, can produce nearly any other color. This is the principle that is used to make all of the colors on your computer screen and your television. For example, purple on a computer screen is made by a similar formula to used by Cennino Cennini in the Renaissance to make violet, but using additive colors and light instead of pigment: it is created by combining red and blue light at equal intensity on a black screen. Violet is made on a computer screen in a similar way, but with a greater amount of blue light and less red light. Question: Which colors are part of the RGB model? Answer: red, green and blue Question: What color light is created when one mixes red, green, and blue? Answer: white Question: The RGB color model has three colors in it that are described as what kind of colors? Answer: additive primary colors Question: Which era did Cennino Cennini actively paint in? Answer: the Renaissance Question: What colors are used to create purple on a computer screen? Answer: red and blue Question: What RBG stand for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What colors are in the RBG model? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color did Cennini Cennino make? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Cennini Cennino make violet? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Football is the most popular sport in Portugal. There are several football competitions ranging from local amateur to world-class professional level. The legendary Eusébio is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history. FIFA World Player of the Year winners Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo who won the FIFA Ballon d'Or for 2013 and 2014, are among the numerous examples of other world-class football players born in Portugal and noted worldwide. Portuguese football managers are also noteworthy, with José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José among the most renowned. Question: What is the most popular sport in Portugal? Answer: Football Question: What is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history? Answer: Eusébio Question: Who are two examples of the top football players born in Portugal? Answer: Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo Question: What award did both Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo win? Answer: FIFA World Player of the Year Question: Who are some of the most renowned football managers in Portugal? Answer: José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José
Context: The most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows that it was probably no longer than 0.5 to 1.5 million years. The event was preceded by a fall in atmospheric carbon dioxide (from 7000ppm to 4400ppm) which selectively affected the shallow seas where most organisms lived. As the southern supercontinent Gondwana drifted over the South Pole, ice caps formed on it. Evidence of these ice caps have been detected in Upper Ordovician rock strata of North Africa and then-adjacent northeastern South America, which were south-polar locations at the time. Question: What type of climate was normal in the Ordovician period? Answer: stable greenhouse conditions Question: What ice age signaled the end of the normal climate in the Ordovician period? Answer: the Hirnantian faunal stage Question: Oxygen from what kind of fossil were used to date the Hirnantian faunal stage? Answer: brachiopods Question: How many years is the Hirnantian faunal stage believed to have lasted? Answer: 0.5 to 1.5 million years Question: What started to develop on Gondwana as it moved over the south pole? Answer: ice caps Question: What faunel stage triggered the greenhouse conditions of the Ordovician? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What showed that the ice age lasted longer than originally thought? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is know believed to have lasted more than 1.5 million years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What levels rose in the atmosphere prior to the ice age? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where where the oranisms laffected byrisingcarbon dioxide levels? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship. Question: What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Christianity? Answer: 50% Question: What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Islam? Answer: 48% Question: What do unrecognized faiths and denominations in Eritrea have to undergo? Answer: a registration process Question: What does the government's registration system require religious groups to submit about their membership? Answer: personal information Question: When did the Eritrean government begin to officially recognize certain churches? Answer: May 2002 Question: How many people followed animism according to the Pew Research Center? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to recent estimates, how many people follow just animism in Eretria? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of people are in the Eritrean Catholic Church according to recent estimates? Answer: Unanswerable Question: As of May 2002 what percentage of Eritrean people were in the Evangelical Lutheran church? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of people attend the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church in recent years? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hesburgh is also credited with transforming the face of Notre Dame by making it a coeducational institution. In the mid-1960s Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution, an arrangement that added undergraduate women to a campus that already had a few women in the graduate schools. After extensive debate, merging with St. Mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. "In American college education," explained the Rev. Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Dean of Arts and Letters, "certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place.... In this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism." Thomas Blantz, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Vice President of Student Affairs, added that coeducation "opened up a whole other pool of very bright students." Two of the male residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. In 1971 Mary Ann Proctor became the first female undergraduate; she transferred from St. Mary's College. In 1972 the first woman to graduate was Angela Sienko, who earned a bachelor's degree in marketing. Question: What type of educational institute is Hesburgh given credit for creating at Notre Dame? Answer: coeducational Question: With what institute did Notre Dame agree to an exchange program in the 1960s? Answer: Saint Mary's College Question: Which role did Charles Sheedy have at Notre Dame? Answer: Dean of Arts and Letters Question: What title did Thomas Blantz have at Notre Dame? Answer: Vice President of Student Affairs Question: In what year did Notre Dame have its earliest undergraduate that was female? Answer: 1971
Context: Adherents of different religions generally disagree as to how to best worship God and what is God's plan for mankind, if there is one. There are different approaches to reconciling the contradictory claims of monotheistic religions. One view is taken by exclusivists, who believe they are the chosen people or have exclusive access to absolute truth, generally through revelation or encounter with the Divine, which adherents of other religions do not. Another view is religious pluralism. A pluralist typically believes that his religion is the right one, but does not deny the partial truth of other religions. An example of a pluralist view in Christianity is supersessionism, i.e., the belief that one's religion is the fulfillment of previous religions. A third approach is relativistic inclusivism, where everybody is seen as equally right; an example being universalism: the doctrine that salvation is eventually available for everyone. A fourth approach is syncretism, mixing different elements from different religions. An example of syncretism is the New Age movement. Question: Who believe they are the one and only chosen few? Answer: exclusivists Question: Who believe that they are the only people that know the truth? Answer: exclusivists Question: What is one called that believes he has the one religion, but that the others aren't necessarily wrong? Answer: pluralism Question: What is it called when someone belives that their own religion is an advancement of older religions? Answer: supersessionism Question: What is a religion that believes that all religions are correct? Answer: universalism Question: What is one thing exclusivists don't have that Christians do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of syncretism in Christianity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a pluralist believe that is eventually available to all? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the New Age movement believe they have exclusive access to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does the New Age movement believe it has access to absolute truth?? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature. Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational… etc. may also be more or less significant – or significant in some situations but not in others (Weinreich & Saunderson 2003 pp26–34). In cognitive psychology, the term "identity" refers to the capacity for self-reflection and the awareness of self.(Leary & Tangney 2003, p. 3) Question: What is identified as determining how a person views him or herself to a significant degree? Answer: Gender identity Question: What are racial, religious, ethnic, and occupational aspects aspects of? Answer: identity Question: Identity refers to the capacity for self-reflection and awareness in what scientific study? Answer: cognitive psychology Question: What type of identity is less important in psychology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What what does not dictate to a significant degree how one views oneself? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other aspects of identity are more important than gender? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What refers to capacity for self reflection and awareness of others? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of a royal saint, Edward the Confessor, whose relics were placed in a shrine in the sanctuary. Henry III himself was interred nearby, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives. Until the death of George II of Great Britain in 1760, most kings and queens were buried in the abbey, some notable exceptions being Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII and Charles I who are buried in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. Other exceptions include Richard III, now buried at Leicester Cathedral, and the de facto queen Lady Jane Grey, buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London. Most monarchs and royals who died after 1760 are buried either in St George's Chapel or at Frogmore to the east of Windsor Castle.[citation needed] Question: Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of whom? Answer: Edward the Confessor Question: When did George II of Great Britain die? Answer: 1760 Question: Who was Edward the Confessor? Answer: a royal saint Question: Where was Henry VI buried? Answer: St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle Question: Where was Richard III buried? Answer: Leicester Cathedral Question: Henry II rebuilt the abbey in honour of whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did George I of Great Britain die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wasn't Edward the Confessor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Henry V buried? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Richard II buried? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the years after Tito's death up to nowadays, some people have disputed his identity. Tito's personal doctor, Aleksandar Matunović, wrote a book about Tito in which he also questioned his true origin, noting that Tito's habits and lifestyle could only mean that he was from an aristocratic family. Serbian journalist Vladan Dinić (born 1949), in Tito nije tito, includes several possible alternate identities of Tito. Question: What was the name of Tito's personal doctor? Answer: Aleksandar Matunović Question: Who wrote a book about Tito questioning his true origin? Answer: Aleksandar Matunović Question: What Serbian journalist includes several alternate identities of Tito? Answer: Vladan Dinić Question: In what year waas Vladan Dinic born? Answer: 1949 Question: Dinic gives several alternate identities of what person? Answer: Tito
Context: Trading in influence, or influence peddling, refers a person selling his/her influence over the decision making process to benefit a third party (person or institution). The difference with bribery is that this is a tri-lateral relation. From a legal point of view, the role of the third party (who is the target of the influence) does not really matter although he/she can be an accessory in some instances. It can be difficult to make a distinction between this form of corruption and some forms of extreme and loosely regulated lobbying where for instance law- or decision-makers can freely "sell" their vote, decision power or influence to those lobbyists who offer the highest compensation, including where for instance the latter act on behalf of powerful clients such as industrial groups who want to avoid the passing of specific environmental, social, or other regulations perceived as too stringent, etc. Where lobbying is (sufficiently) regulated, it becomes possible to provide for a distinctive criteria and to consider that trading in influence involves the use of "improper influence", as in article 12 of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 173) of the Council of Europe. Question: Selling or trading government position influence is called what? Answer: influence peddling Question: Selling influence can involve third-parties and this is called what type of relation? Answer: tri-lateral Question: In some situations the third-party in an influence peddling crime may be not involved or may be what? Answer: an accessory Question: Where lobbying is controlled, what does it provide for consideration to determine improper influencing? Answer: distinctive criteria Question: What article of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption contains distinctive criteria to determine improper influence? Answer: article 12
Context: The trip to the Moon took just over three days. After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named Eagle, and after a landing gear inspection by Collins remaining in the Command/Service Module Columbia, began their descent. After overcoming several computer overload alarms caused by an antenna switch left in the wrong position, and a slight downrange error, Armstrong took over manual flight control at about 180 meters (590 ft), and guided the Lunar Module to a safe landing spot at 20:18:04 UTC, July 20, 1969 (3:17:04 pm CDT). The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft. At 02:56 UTC, July 21 (9:56 pm CDT July 20), Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon. Question: How long did the trip to the Moon last for the crew of the Apollo 11? Answer: three days Question: The Lunar Module of the Apollo 11 was named after what animal? Answer: Eagle Question: Who was the first human to take a step on the Moon? Answer: Armstrong Question: At what time on Earth did Armstrong first step onto the Moon? Answer: 9:56 pm CDT July 20
Context: After India gained independence in 1947, a limited autonomy was conferred to New Delhi and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India. In 1956, Delhi was converted into a union territory and eventually the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a Lieutenant Governor. The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital Territory of Delhi. A system was introduced under which the elected Government was given wide powers, excluding law and order which remained with the Central Government. The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993. Question: In what year did India gain independence? Answer: 1947 Question: In what year was Delhi converted into a union territory? Answer: 1956 Question: What is the name of the act that caused the Union Territory of Delhi to become formally known as the National Capital Territory of Delhi? Answer: The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act Question: The enforcement of the legislation of the Constitution Act began in what year? Answer: 1993 Question: In 1956, Delhi was converted into what type of territory? Answer: a union territory
Context: The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum is located in a renovated and expanded historic downtown fire station. Multiple art galleries exist in the city, notably in the downtown area and around the University of Michigan campus. Aside from a large restaurant scene in the Main Street, South State Street, and South University Avenue areas, Ann Arbor ranks first among U.S. cities in the number of booksellers and books sold per capita. The Ann Arbor District Library maintains four branch outlets in addition to its main downtown building. The city is also home to the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Question: Which museum is located at Ann Arbors historic downtown fire station? Answer: The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum Question: Ann Arbor ranks 1st among what goods sold? Answer: books Question: Which presidential library is located in Ann Arbor? Answer: Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library Question: What museum is located in a renovated historic downtown police station? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many branch outlets does the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of business is notably found in the downtown area? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does Ann Arbor rank among U.S. cities in the number of restaurants per capita? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Rothko also began using the new synthetic pigments, but not always with happy results. In 1962 he donated to Harvard University a series of large murals of the Passion of Christ whose predominant colors were dark pink and deep crimson. He mixed mostly traditional colors to make the pink and crimson; synthetic ultramarine, cerulean blue, and titanium white, but he also used two new organic reds, Naphtol and Lithol. The Naphtol did well, but the Lithol slowly changed color when exposed to light. Within five years the deep pinks and reds had begun to turn light blue, and by 1979 the paintings were ruined and had to be taken down. Question: In what year did Rothko donate Passion of Christ murals? Answer: 1962 Question: To whom did Rothko donate Passion of Christ murals? Answer: Harvard University Question: What organic reds did Rothko use in the Passion of Christ murals? Answer: Naphtol and Lithol Question: In what year had the Passion of Christ murals by Rothko end up ruined? Answer: 1979 Question: What was the result of the change in color in the Rothko Passion of the Christ murals? Answer: ruined and had to be taken down Question: What year were synthetic pigments first used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who first used synthetic pigments in 1962? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What university did Rothko attend? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened in 1997? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chance of returning as a major language. However, Josef Jungmann and other revivalists used Dobrovský's book to advocate for a Czech linguistic revival. Changes during this time included spelling reform (notably, í in place of the former j and j in place of g), the use of t (rather than ti) to end infinitive verbs and the non-capitalization of nouns (which had been a late borrowing from German). These changes differentiated Czech from Slovak. Modern scholars disagree about whether the conservative revivalists were motivated by nationalism or considered contemporary spoken Czech unsuitable for formal, widespread use. Question: What was the professions of Joseph Dobrovský? Answer: linguist and historian Question: What year did Joseph Dobrovský release a German-language grammar of Old Czech? Answer: 1809 Question: What didn't Dobrovský think Czech had a chance of returning as? Answer: a major language Question: What did Josef Jungmann advocate for? Answer: a Czech linguistic revival Question: Who disagree about whether the revivalists were motivated by nationalism or if they considered contemporary spoken Czech unsuitable for formal use? Answer: Modern scholars Question: What was the title of the book released by Josef Jungmann? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Josef Jungmann write his book? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What had Josef Jungmann intended his book to be? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Did Josef Jungmann think German would return as a major language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of revival was called for by Josef Dobrovsky? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Review of Politics was founded in 1939 by Gurian, modeled after German Catholic journals. It quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the Review was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch. Intellectual leaders included Gurian, Jacques Maritain, Frank O'Malley, Leo Richard Ward, F. A. Hermens, and John U. Nef. It became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a Catholic and scholastic tradition. Question: Gurian created what in 1939 at Notre Dame? Answer: The Review of Politics Question: What was the Review of Politics inspired by? Answer: German Catholic journals Question: Over how many years did Gurian edit the Review of Politics at Notre Dame? Answer: 44 Question: Thomas Stritch was an editor of which publican from Notre Dame? Answer: Review of Politics
Context: There is a wide consensus that the racial categories that are common in everyday usage are socially constructed, and that racial groups cannot be biologically defined. Nonetheless, some scholars argue that racial categories obviously correlate with biological traits (e.g. phenotype) to some degree, and that certain genetic markers have varying frequencies among human populations, some of which correspond more or less to traditional racial groupings. For this reason, there is no current consensus about whether racial categories can be considered to have significance for understanding human genetic variation. Question: What type of group can't be biologically defined? Answer: racial Question: What type of categorization in every day usage is there wide agreement it is only a social construct? Answer: racial Question: What do some people contend racial categories are obviously correlated with? Answer: biological traits Question: Some genetic markers have varying frequencies among what populations? Answer: human Question: What is the majority opinion on whether racial categories can be considered to have impact on human genetic variation? Answer: no current consensus
Context: The inventor Nicéphore Niépce produced the first permanent photograph on a polished pewter plate in Paris in 1825, and then developed the process with Louis Daguerre. The work of Étienne-Jules Marey in the 1880s contributed considerably to the development of modern photography. Photography came to occupy a central role in Parisian Surrealist activity, in the works of Man Ray and Maurice Tabard. Numerous photographers achieved renown for their photography of Paris, including Eugène Atget, noted for his depictions of street scenes, Robert Doisneau, noted for his playful pictures of people and market scenes (among which Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville has became iconic of the romantic vision of Paris), Marcel Bovis, noted for his night scenes, and others such as Jacques-Henri Lartigue and Cartier-Bresson. Poster art also became an important art form in Paris in the late nineteenth century, through the work of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Jules Chéret, Eugène Grasset, Adolphe Willette, Pierre Bonnard, Georges de Feure, Henri-Gabriel Ibels, Gavarni, and Alphonse Mucha. Question: In what year was the first permanent photograph produced? Answer: 1825 Question: Who invented the first permanent photograph? Answer: Nicéphore Niépce Question: What was Eugene Atget known for photographing? Answer: street scenes Question: Who was knows for photographing night scenes? Answer: Marcel Bovis Question: When did poster art become an important art form? Answer: late nineteenth century
Context: Navigation is based on a variety of senses. Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass. Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time. Navigation has also been shown to be based on a combination of other abilities including the ability to detect magnetic fields (magnetoception), use visual landmarks as well as olfactory cues. Question: What is navigation based on? Answer: a variety of senses Question: What do many birds use as a compass? Answer: sun Question: What does using the sun for direction involve? Answer: the need for making compensation based on the time Question: What else is navigation based on? Answer: use visual landmarks Question: What is magnetoception? Answer: the ability to detect magnetic fields
Context: Parque Batlle is named in honour of José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay from 1911 to 1915. The park was originally proposed by an Act of March 1907, which also projected wide boulevards and avenues. French landscape architect, Carlos Thays, began the plantings in 1911. In 1918, the park was named Parque de los Aliados, following the victory of the Allies of World War I. On 5 May 1930, after significant expansion, it was again renamed as Parque Batlle y Ordóñez, in memory of the prominent politician and president, who had died in 1929. The park was designated a National Historic Monument Park in 1975. As of 2010[update], the park covers an area of 60 hectares (150 acres) and is considered the "lung" of the Montevideo city due to the large variety of trees planted here. Question: Parque Batlle is named in honor of who? Answer: José Batlle y Ordóñez Question: Jose Batile y Ordonez was president of where? Answer: Uruguay Question: Between what years was Jose batlle y Ordonez president of Uruguay? Answer: 1911 to 1915 Question: Parque Batlle was originally proposed by what? Answer: an Act of March 1907
Context: In mathematics, the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi gave his name to the concept of the algorithm, while the term algebra is derived from al-jabr, the beginning of the title of one of his publications. What is now known as Arabic numerals originally came from India, but Muslim mathematicians did make several refinements to the number system, such as the introduction of decimal point notation. Sabian mathematician Al-Battani (850-929) contributed to astronomy and mathematics, while Persian scholar Al-Razi contributed to chemistry and medicine. Question: What was Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi's profession? Answer: mathematician Question: Where does the word "algebra" come from? Answer: al-jabr Question: Where did Arabic numerals originate? Answer: India Question: What did Muslim mathematicians add to Arabic numerals? Answer: decimal point notation Question: What area of science did Al-Razi contribute to? Answer: chemistry and medicine
Context: An LED filament consists of multiple LED dice connected in series on a common longitudinal substrate that form a thin rod reminiscent of a traditional incandescent filament. These are being used as a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs that are being phased out in many countries. The filaments require a rather high voltage to light to nominal brightness, allowing them to work efficiently and simply with mains voltages. Often a simple rectifier and capacitive current limiting are employed to create a low-cost replacement for a traditional light bulb without the complexity of creating a low voltage, high current converter which is required by single die LEDs. Usually they are packaged in a sealed enclosure with a shape similar to lamps they were designed to replace (e.g. a bulb), and filled with inert nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas to remove heat efficiently. Question: What does an LED filament consist of? Answer: multiple LED dice Question: How are LED filaments used? Answer: a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs Question: What type of voltage is needed for LED filaments? Answer: high Question: What helps LED filaments remain low cost? Answer: a simple rectifier Question: Single die LEDs require what? Answer: high current converter Question: What does an non-LED filament consist of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How are non-LED filaments used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of voltage is needed for non-LED filaments? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What helps non-LED filaments remain low cost? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Towards the end of the war as the role of strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was created to oversee all U.S. strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under United States Army Air Forces General Curtis LeMay. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearly half of the built-up areas of 67 cities were destroyed by B-29 firebombing raids. On 9–10 March 1945 alone, about 100,000 people were killed in a conflagration caused by an incendiary attack on Tokyo. LeMay also oversaw Operation Starvation, in which the inland waterways of Japan were extensively mined by air, which disrupted the small amount of remaining Japanese coastal sea traffic. On 26 July 1945, the President of the United States Harry S. Truman, the President of the Nationalist Government of China Chiang Kai-shek and the Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill issued the Potsdam Declaration, which outlined the terms of surrender for the Empire of Japan as agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference. This ultimatum stated that, if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction." Question: Who was over the new U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific command? Answer: General Curtis LeMay Question: How many people were killed in the incendry attack on Tokyo on March 9-10, 1945? Answer: 100,000 Question: Who oversaw Operation Starvation? Answer: General Curtis LeMay Question: When was the Potsdam Declaration issued? Answer: 26 July 1945 Question: What ultimatum stated that Japan would face "prompt and utter destruction" if it did not surrender? Answer: Potsdam Declaration
Context: Uranium is a naturally occurring element that can be found in low levels within all rock, soil, and water. Uranium is the 51st element in order of abundance in the Earth's crust. Uranium is also the highest-numbered element to be found naturally in significant quantities on Earth and is almost always found combined with other elements. Along with all elements having atomic weights higher than that of iron, it is only naturally formed in supernovae. The decay of uranium, thorium, and potassium-40 in the Earth's mantle is thought to be the main source of heat that keeps the outer core liquid and drives mantle convection, which in turn drives plate tectonics. Question: Where does uranium rank among elements in terms of its abundance in the Earth's crust? Answer: 51st Question: Where is uranium naturally formed? Answer: in supernovae Question: Along with potassium-40 and uranium, the decay of what element is a primary heat source driving plate tectonics? Answer: thorium Question: In what state is the Earth's outer core? Answer: liquid Question: Where does uranium rank among elements in terms of its abundance in the Earth's atmosphere? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is uranium unnaturally formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Along with potassium-40 and uranium, the decay of what element is a primary cooling source driving plate tectonics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what state is the Earth's inner core? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what state is the Earth's middle core? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In July 2009, Dell apologized after drawing the ire of the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission for twice refusing to honour a flood of orders against unusually low prices offered on its Taiwanese website. In the first instance, Dell offered a 19" LCD panel for $15. In the second instance, Dell offered its Latitude E4300 notebook at NT$18,558 (US$580), 70% lower than usual price of NT$60,900 (US$1900). Concerning the E4300, rather than honour the discount taking a significant loss, the firm withdrew orders and offered a voucher of up to NT$20,000 (US$625) a customer in compensation. The consumer rights authorities in Taiwan fined Dell NT$1 million (US$31250) for customer rights infringements. Many consumers sued the firm for the unfair compensation. A court in southern Taiwan ordered the firm to deliver 18 laptops and 76 flat-panel monitors to 31 consumers for NT$490,000 (US$15,120), less than a third of the normal price. The court said the event could hardly be regarded as mistakes, as the prestigious firm said the company mispriced its products twice in Taiwanese website within 3 weeks. Question: What year did Dell come under fire from the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission? Answer: 2009 Question: What percent lower was Dell selling its notebooks in Taiwan? Answer: 70% Question: What did dell sell for $19 in Taiwan? Answer: 19" LCD Question: How much did Taiwan fine Dell for its practices? Answer: NT$1 million Question: What year didn't Dell come under fire from the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did IBM come under fire from the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percent lower was Dell buying its notebooks in Taiwan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did dell sell for $91 in Taiwan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much didn't Taiwan fine Dell for its practices? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The word gumbe is sometimes used generically, to refer to any music of the country, although it most specifically refers to a unique style that fuses about ten of the country's folk music traditions. Tina and tinga are other popular genres, while extent folk traditions include ceremonial music used in funerals, initiations and other rituals, as well as Balanta brosca and kussundé, Mandinga djambadon, and the kundere sound of the Bissagos Islands. Question: What is sometimes used as a generic word for any music of Guinea-Bissau? Answer: gumbe Question: Gumbe fuses how many of the country's folk music traditions? Answer: about ten Question: Other than gumbe, what are two popular music genres? Answer: Tina and tinga Question: What sound comes from the Bissagos Islands? Answer: kundere Question: What type of tradition includes ceremonial music used in funerals? Answer: folk
Context: The show had originally planned on having four judges following the Pop Idol format; however, only three judges had been found by the time of the audition round in the first season, namely Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell. A fourth judge, radio DJ Stryker, was originally chosen but he dropped out citing "image concerns". In the second season, New York radio personality Angie Martinez had been hired as a fourth judge but withdrew only after a few days of auditions due to not being comfortable with giving out criticism. The show decided to continue with the three judges format until season eight. All three original judges stayed on the judging panel for eight seasons. Question: For how many seasons were the three original judges on American Idol? Answer: eight Question: How many judges were originally planned for American Idol? Answer: four Question: What New York radio personalty was hired as a judge for American Idol in season two but declined? Answer: Angie Martinez Question: What radio DJ was originally hired as a judge in season one but declined? Answer: Stryker Question: How many judges were originally intended for the show? Answer: four Question: Which judge quit before the premiere, citing image concerns? Answer: DJ Stryker Question: During Season two, which judge quit after a few days? Answer: Angie Martinez Question: When did American Idol change to a four-judge panel? Answer: season eight
Context: After finishing the first draft and returning it to Lippincott, the manuscript, at that point titled "Go Set a Watchman", fell into the hands of Therese von Hohoff Torrey — known professionally as Tay Hohoff — a small, wiry veteran editor in her late 50s. Hohoff was impressed. “[T]he spark of the true writer flashed in every line,” she would later recount in a corporate history of Lippincott. But as Hohoff saw it, the manuscript was by no means fit for publication. It was, as she described it, “more a series of anecdotes than a fully conceived novel.” During the next couple of years, she led Lee from one draft to the next until the book finally achieved its finished form and was retitled To Kill a Mockingbird. Question: The first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird was named what? Answer: Go Set a Watchman Question: Who was the editor who got their hands on the first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird? Answer: Tay Hohoff Question: What was the name of the editor who helped Lee finish her book? Answer: Therese von Hohoff Torrey
Context: According to Dr. Carlos Moore, resident scholar at Brazil's University of the State of Bahia, in the 21st century Afro-multiracials in the Arab world, including Arabs in North Africa, self-identify in ways that resemble multi-racials in Latin America. He claims that black-looking Arabs, much like black-looking Latin Americans, consider themselves white because they have some distant white ancestry. Question: Why would a black-looking Arab consider himself white? Answer: because they have some distant white ancestry. Question: Where does Dr. Carlos Moore work? Answer: Brazil's University of the State of Bahia Question: How do Afro-multiracials identify in the 21st century? Answer: in ways that resemble multi-racials
Context: Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. Acts of fraud affect vote counts to bring about an election result, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both. Also called voter fraud, the mechanisms involved include illegal voter registration, intimidation at polls, and improper vote counting. Question: Illegal interference with an election is called what? Answer: Electoral fraud Question: Another term for electoral fraud is what? Answer: voter fraud Question: Illegal voter registration, the miscounting of votes, and what at polls is considered voter fraud? Answer: intimidation
Context: Between the 16th century and 19th century, the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and successive Iranian empires, repeatedly ruled by either of the two over the centuries. By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the Russian Empire, while most of the western parts of the traditional Armenian homeland remained under Ottoman rule. During World War I, Armenians living in their ancestral lands in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated in the Armenian Genocide. In 1918, after the Russian Revolution, all non-Russian countries declared their independence from the Russian empire, leading to the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia. By 1920, the state was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and in 1922 became a founding member of the Soviet Union. In 1936, the Transcaucasian state was dissolved, transforming its constituent states, including the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, into full Union republics. The modern Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Question: Which two empires ruled Armenia between the 16 and 19th Century? Answer: Ottoman and successive Iranian empires Question: Who took over Eastern Armenia in the 19th century? Answer: Russian Empire Question: When did the Armenian Genocide occure? Answer: World War I Question: When did Armenia become part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic? Answer: 1920 Question: When did Armenia gain its independence? Answer: 1991
Context: In Brazil, the Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal) is the highest court. It is both the constitutional court and the court of last resort in Brazilian law. It only reviews cases that may be unconstitutional or final habeas corpus pleads for criminal cases. It also judges, in original jurisdiction, cases involving members of congress, senators, ministers of state, members of the high courts and the President and Vice-President of the Republic. The Superior Court of Justice (Tribunal Superior de Justiça) reviews State and Federal Circuit courts decisions for civil law and criminal law cases, when dealing with federal law or conflicting rulings. The Superior Labour Tribunal (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) reviews cases involving labour law. The Superior Electoral Tribunal (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) is the court of last resort of electoral law, and also oversees general elections. The Superior Military Tribunal (Tribunal Superior Militar) is the highest court in matters of federal military law. Question: What is the highest court in Brazil? Answer: Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal) Question: What are the two areas this court has supremacy over? Answer: cases that may be unconstitutional or final habeas corpus pleads for criminal cases Question: Which legislative bodies does this court sit in cases over? Answer: cases involving members of congress, senators Question: What other government officials are subject to judgments of Brazil's highest court? Answer: ministers of state, members of the high courts and the President and Vice-President of the Republic Question: What is Brazil's high court for labor law? Answer: The Superior Labour Tribunal (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) Question: The Superior Labour Tribunal oversees what type of elections? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two types of cases does the Superior Military Tribunal only review? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What conflicting outcomes does the Superior Electoral Tribunal deal with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Brazilian name for the Supreme Court? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Over the past two years,[clarification needed] dozens of rights-holders, including Sony Music, have sent complaints about Wikipedia.org directly to Google to have content removed. Question: What search engine company giant has Sony sent requests to regarding content on a website? Answer: Google Question: What website does Sony have complaints against? Answer: Wikipedia.org Question: Thousands of rights-holders have sent complaints to whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Rights-holders have complained about Google to which organization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Over the past twenty years, rights-holders have complained to whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did rights-holders complain to Wikipedi.org? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: UN forces retreated to Suwon in the west, Wonju in the center, and the territory north of Samcheok in the east, where the battlefront stabilized and held. The PVA had outrun its logistics capability and thus were unable to press on beyond Seoul as food, ammunition, and matériel were carried nightly, on foot and bicycle, from the border at the Yalu River to the three battle lines. In late January, upon finding that the PVA had abandoned their battle lines, General Ridgway ordered a reconnaissance-in-force, which became Operation Roundup (5 February 1951). A full-scale X Corps advance proceeded, which fully exploited the UN Command's air superiority, concluding with the UN reaching the Han River and recapturing Wonju. Question: Why was the PVA unable to advance beyond Seoul? Answer: The PVA had outrun its logistics capability Question: What caused General Ridgway to initiate Operation Roundup? Answer: PVA had abandoned their battle lines Question: What facilitated the success of Operation Roundup? Answer: UN Command's air superiority Question: What city was recaptured as a result of the Ridgway's operation? Answer: Wonju Question: How was the PVA transporting supplies at one point? Answer: on foot and bicycle
Context: Greek demonstrates several linguistic features that are shared with other Balkan languages, such as Albanian, Bulgarian and Eastern Romance languages (see Balkan sprachbund), and has absorbed many foreign words, primarily of Western European and Turkish origin. Because of the movements of Philhellenism and the Diafotismos in the 19th century, which emphasized the modern Greeks' ancient heritage, these foreign influences were excluded from official use via the creation of Katharevousa, a somewhat artificial form of Greek purged of all foreign influence and words, as the official language of the Greek state. In 1976, however, the Hellenic Parliament voted to make the spoken Dimotiki the official language, making Katharevousa obsolete. Question: What other dialects share a thread with the Greek language. Answer: other Balkan languages, such as Albanian, Bulgarian and Eastern Romance languages (see Balkan sprachbund), Question: What radical political changes occurred during the 19th century ? Answer: the movements of Philhellenism and the Diafotismos in the 19th century Question: What did these changes highlight ? Answer: emphasized the modern Greeks' ancient heritage Question: What became the official dialect of Greeks and what was it missing ? Answer: Katharevousa, a somewhat artificial form of Greek purged of all foreign influence and words, as the official language of the Greek state. Question: What choices in 1976 made a change to the decisions concerning the official dialect ? Answer: In 1976, however, the Hellenic Parliament voted to make the spoken Dimotiki the official language Question: What other dialects share a thread with the French language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What non-radical political changes occurred during the 19th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did these changes not highlight? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What became the official dialect of Greeks and what was it not missing? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Banner Armies were organized along ethnic lines, namely Manchu and Mongol, but included non-Manchu bondservants registered under the household of their Manchu masters. The years leading up to the conquest increased the number of Han Chinese under Manchu rule, leading Hong Taiji to create the Eight Han Banners (zh), and around the time of the Qing takeover of Beijing, their numbers rapidly swelled. Han Bannermen held high status and power in the early Qing period, especially immediately after the conquest during Shunzhi and Kangxi's reign where they dominated Governor-Generalships and Governorships across China at the expense of both Manchu Bannermen and Han civilians. Han also numerically dominated the Banners up until the mid 18th century. European visitors in Beijing called them "Tartarized Chinese" or "Tartarified Chinese". It was in Qianlong's reign that the Qianlong Emperor, concerned about maintaining Manchu identity, re-emphasized Manchu ethnicity, ancestry, language, and culture in the Eight Banners and started a mass discharge of Han Bannermen from the Eight Banners, either asking them to voluntarily resign from the Banner rolls or striking their names off. This led to a change from Han majority to a Manchu majority within the Banner system, and previous Han Bannermen garrisons in southern China such as at Fuzhou, Zhenjiang, Guangzhou, were replaced by Manchu Bannermen in the purge, which started in 1754. The turnover by Qianlong most heavily impacted Han banner garrisons stationed in the provinces while it less impacted Han Bannermen in Beijing, leaving a larger proportion of remaining Han Bannermen in Beijing than the provinces. Han Bannermen's status was decreased from that point on with Manchu Banners gaining higher status. Han Bannermen numbered 75% in 1648 Shunzhi's reign, 72% in 1723 Yongzheng's reign, but decreased to 43% in 1796 during the first year of Jiaqing's reign, which was after Qianlong's purge. The mass discharge was known as the Disbandment of the Han Banners (zh). Qianlong directed most of his ire at those Han Bannermen descended from defectors who joined the Qing after the Qing passed through the Great Wall at Shanhai Pass in 1644, deeming their ancestors as traitors to the Ming and therefore untrustworthy, while retaining Han Bannermen who were descended from defectors who joined the Qing before 1644 in Liaodong and marched through Shanhai pass, also known as those who "followed the Dragon through the pass" (從龍入關; cong long ru guan). Question: How were Banner's organized? Answer: along ethnic lines Question: Which two ethnicities made up the majority of the Banner Armies? Answer: Manchu and Mongol Question: Which ethnicity dominated the army in the reigns of Shunzhi and Kangxi? Answer: Han Bannermen Question: What did the Europeans call Han Bannermen? Answer: "Tartarized Chinese" or "Tartarified Chinese" Question: When did Manchu ethnicity become important again in the Eight Banners? Answer: Qianlong's reign
Context: Renaissance humanism was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors, book collectors, educators, and writers, who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as umanisti – "humanists". It developed during the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth centuries, and was a response to the challenge of scholastic university education, which was then dominated by Aristotelian philosophy and logic. Scholasticism focused on preparing men to be doctors, lawyers or professional theologians, and was taught from approved textbooks in logic, natural philosophy, medicine, law and theology. There were important centres of humanism at Florence, Naples, Rome, Venice, Mantua, Ferrara, and Urbino. Question: What was the main action of humanism during the Renaissance> Answer: cultural and educational reform Question: When did a new term for those who followed Humanism emerge? Answer: late fifteenth century Question: What was the new term for believers of Humanism philosophy? Answer: umanisti Question: Where was one main concentration of Humanism? Answer: Naples Question: What was the main enemy of humanism during the Renaissance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did a new term for those who followed Humanism become impossible? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the unrecognized term for believers of Humanism philosophy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was there no concentration of Humanism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of philosophy was never taken seriously? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. Specifically, samsara refers to the process of cycling through one rebirth after another within the six realms of existence,[note 2] where each realm can be understood as physical realm or a psychological state characterized by a particular type of suffering. Samsara arises out of avidya (ignorance) and is characterized by dukkha (suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction). In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path. Question: What is samsara? Answer: the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death Question: What is avidya? Answer: ignorance Question: What is dukkha? Answer: suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction Question: Is liberation from samsara possible? Answer: In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path. Question: The cycle of birth and death is called what in Buddhism? Answer: Samsara Question: How many realms of existence are there in Buddhism? Answer: six Question: avidya is what kind of samsara? Answer: ignorance Question: How can you be freed from samsara? Answer: by following the Buddhist path Question: What is samsara defined as? Answer: the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death Question: How many realms of existance are within the cycle of rebirths? Answer: six Question: Realms can be understood as physical realms of what type of states? Answer: psychological Question: Samsara is caused by what? Answer: avidya Question: A person can get away from samsara by doing what? Answer: following the Buddhist path
Context: The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron. Question: Where does The Fund work to raise awareness and provide support? Answer: developing countries Question: To what does The Fund advocate that close attention be paid? Answer: population concerns Question: What two things does The Fund help developing nations formulate to support sustainable development? Answer: policies and strategies Question: Who took up leadership of The Fund in January 2011? Answer: Dr. Osotimehin Question: The Fund is represented by a Patron and who else? Answer: Goodwill Ambassadors Question: Where does The Fund work to lower awareness and decrease support? Answer: Unanswerable Question: To what does The Fund advocate that no attention be paid? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who refused to take leadership of The Fund in January 2011? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who else is not represented by The Fund? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders. Question: From what ideals did Classical architecture emerge? Answer: civic ideals Question: These civic ideas allowed what to come into being? Answer: new building types Question: What ideals were Greek and Roman Classical architecture not based on? Answer: religious or empirical ones Question: What owes its development to the Classical orders? Answer: Architectural "style" Question: From what ideals did Classical architecture not come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: These civic ideas allowed what to not come into being? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ideals were Greek and Roman Classical architecture based on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What doesn't owe its development to the Classical orders? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988, the method of execution is lethal injection. The Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana is currently the home of the only death chamber for federal death penalty recipients in the United States, where inmates are put to death by lethal injection. The complex has so far been the only location used for federal executions post-Gregg. Timothy McVeigh and Juan Garza were put to death in June 2001, and Louis Jones, Jr. was put to death on March 18, 2003. Question: Under what federal statute are offenses punished by lethal injection? Answer: Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 Question: According to what law are federal prisoners executed according to the procedures in place in the state in which they were convicted? Answer: Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 Question: In what state is the Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute? Answer: Indiana Question: In what month and year was Juan Garza executed? Answer: June 2001 Question: Who was executed by the federal government on March 18, 2003? Answer: Louis Jones, Jr. Question: Under what federal statute are offenses not punished by lethal injection? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to what law are federal prisoners executed according to the procedures in place in the state in which they were freed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what state is the Federal Correctional Complex in Tennessee? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month and year was Juan Garza freed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was executed by the federal government on March 18, 2001? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 885 AD the Armenians reestablished themselves as a sovereign kingdom under the leadership of Ashot I of the Bagratid Dynasty. A considerable portion of the Armenian nobility and peasantry fled the Byzantine occupation of Bagratid Armenia in 1045, and the subsequent invasion of the region by Seljuk Turks in 1064. They settled in large numbers in Cilicia, an Anatolian region where Armenians were already established as a minority since Roman times. In 1080, they founded an independent Armenian Principality then Kingdom of Cilicia, which became the focus of Armenian nationalism. The Armenians developed close social, cultural, military, and religious ties with nearby Crusader States, but eventually succumbed to Mamluk invasions. In the next few centuries, Djenghis Khan, Timurids, and the tribal Turkic federations of the Ak Koyunlu and the Kara Koyunlu ruled over the Armenians. Question: When did Armenia become a sovereign kingdom? Answer: 885 AD Question: Under which ruler did Armenia become a sovereign kingdom? Answer: Ashot I Question: What dynasty was Ashot I part of? Answer: the Bagratid Dynasty Question: Who invaded Armenia in 1064? Answer: Seljuk Turks Question: What Turkic federations ruled Armenia? Answer: the Ak Koyunlu and the Kara Koyunlu Question: What did the Seljuk Turks invade in 885 AD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group fled the invasion of the Mamluk in 885 AD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some groups that ruled over the Mamluk over the centuries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ties did Djengis Khan develop with Crusader States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group eventually succumbed to Anatolian invasions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original member of the UN (since October 24, 1945) along with Ukraine (Ukrainian SSR) and Belarus (Byelorussian SSR). On December 25—just hours after Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union—the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation (Russia), reflecting that it was now a sovereign state with Yeltsin assuming the Presidency. The change was originally published on January 6, 1992 (Rossiyskaya Gazeta). According to law, during 1992, it was allowed to use the old name of the RSFSR for official business (forms, seals and stamps). The Russian Federation's Constitution (Fundamental Law) of 1978, though with the 1991–1992 Amendements, remained in effect until the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis. Question: When did the Russian Federation assume the Soviet Union's membership in the UN? Answer: December 24 Question: On what day did Gorbachev give up the presidency of the Soviet Union? Answer: December 25 Question: What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the resignation of Gorbachev? Answer: the Russian Federation Question: Who was the first president of the Russian Federation? Answer: Yeltsin Question: In what periodical was the new sovereign status of the Russian Federation first published? Answer: Rossiyskaya Gazeta Question: When did the Russian Federation reject the Soviet Union's membership in the UN? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what day did Gorbachev keep the presidency of the Soviet Union? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the killing of Gorbachev? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wasn't the first president of the Russian Federation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what periodical was the new sovereign status of the Russian Federation last published? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants. They are traditionally nomads, but since the late 20th century, many have moved to urban areas. While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe due to their seafaring tradition. Question: What is the biggest ethnic group in Somalia? Answer: Somalis Question: What percentage of Somalians are ethnic Somalis? Answer: 85% Question: During what century did the nomad lifestyle decline among Somalis? Answer: 20th Question: Why do many Somalis live in South Asia and Europe? Answer: their seafaring tradition Question: Along with Djibouti and Ethiopia, in what African country outside Somalia can Somalis be found? Answer: Kenya
Context: Although he began his tenure as governor with record high approval ratings (as high as 89% in December 2003), he left office with a record low 23%, only one percent higher than that of Gray Davis's when he was recalled in October 2003. Question: What was Schwarzenegger's highest approval rating during his stint as governor? Answer: 89% Question: What was Schwarzenegger's approval rating on the day his time in office ended? Answer: 23%
Context: The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts." Question: What is F.A. Hayek's profession? Answer: economist Question: According to Hayek, with the rule of law in place what will help people make more wise investments? Answer: confidence in a successful return on investment Question: According to Hayek, limited governemnt power through the rule of law does not do what to people? Answer: frustrate his efforts Question: According to Hayek, people are free to do what within the rule of law? Answer: pursue his personal ends and desires Question: Who studied how the rule of law might hurt free market? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Under rule along whose efforts can government stifle? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Hooters rule of law key from pursuing personal ends and desires? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department. He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute, 35mm, Amblin', which he wrote and directed. Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, which had won a number of awards, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract. It made him the youngest director ever to be signed for a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio.:548 He subsequently dropped out of college to begin professionally directing TV productions with Universal. Question: What job was SPielberg offered when he was a student? Answer: Universal Studios Question: Who offered Spielberg a contract at Universal Studios? Answer: Sidney Sheinberg Question: What short film did Spielberg make for theatrical release? Answer: Amblin Question: What did Steven Spielberg do to begin directing TV prouctions for Universal? Answer: dropped out of college Question: How did Sidney Sheinberg feel about the film "Amblin'" Answer: impressed Question: What studio gave Spielberg an unpaid internship? Answer: Universal Studios Question: What department did Spielberg have an unpaid internship with? Answer: editing Question: How long was 'Amblin'? Answer: 26-minute Question: What was Sidney Sheinberg's position with Universal? Answer: vice president Question: How long of a contract did Sheinberg give Spielberg? Answer: seven-year Question: Who was the producer for Amblin'? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who greenlit Spielberg making Amblin'? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the CEO of Universal Studios at the time that Amblin' was released? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who offered Spielberg an intern job at Universal Studios? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: To protect crops from wind and drought, the Grain Intendant Zhao Guo (趙過) created the alternating fields system (daitianfa 代田法) during Emperor Wu's reign. This system switched the positions of furrows and ridges between growing seasons. Once experiments with this system yielded successful results, the government officially sponsored it and encouraged peasants to use it. Han farmers also used the pit field system (aotian 凹田) for growing crops, which involved heavily fertilized pits that did not require plows or oxen and could be placed on sloping terrain. In southern and small parts of central Han-era China, paddy fields were chiefly used to grow rice, while farmers along the Huai River used transplantation methods of rice production. Question: What helped insure the safety of crops from wind? Answer: the alternating fields system Question: What was the name of the system that for growing crops that did not require plows? Answer: pit field system Question: What were paddy fields used for primarily to grow in smaller areas? Answer: rice Question: What system did the government recommend the usage of? Answer: alternating fields system Question: What was the name of the Grain Intendant? Answer: Zhao Guo
Context: Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734. Question: What year did Sicily become ruled by the Holy Roman Empire? Answer: 1194 Question: What happened to Muslims during Holy Roman rule? Answer: emigrated or were expelled Question: What was Palermos population in 1330? Answer: 51,000 Question: During what years did Austria rule Palermo? Answer: 1720 and 1734 Question: Who controlled Sicily in the 11th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who immigrated to Palermo during the rule of the Holy Roman Empire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ruled Palermo in the 12th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened to Palermo's population in the 13th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What treaty put Palermo under Austrian rule in the 17th century? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Under contract from the U.S. Military, Matrox produced a combination computer/LaserDisc player for instructional purposes. The computer was a 286, the LaserDisc player only capable of reading the analog audio tracks. Together they weighed 43 lb (20 kg) and sturdy handles were provided in case two people were required to lift the unit. The computer controlled the player via a 25-pin serial port at the back of the player and a ribbon cable connected to a proprietary port on the motherboard. Many of these were sold as surplus by the military during the 1990s, often without the controller software. Nevertheless, it is possible to control the unit by removing the ribbon cable and connecting a serial cable directly from the computer's serial port to the port on the LaserDisc player. Question: A combination computer/LD player was comissioned by what government entity? Answer: the U.S. Military Question: How much did Matrox's computer/LD combo weigh? Answer: 43 lb (20 kg) Question: How could Matrox's computer unconventionally be controlled? Answer: removing the ribbon cable and connecting a serial cable directly from the computer's serial port to the port on the LaserDisc player
Context: Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number of monographs. August von Hayek was also a part-time botany lecturer at the University of Vienna. Friedrich's mother was born in 1875 to a wealthy, conservative, land-owning family. As her mother died several years prior to Friedrich's birth, Felicitas gained a significant inheritance which provided as much as half of her and August's income during the early years of their marriage. Hayek was the oldest of three brothers, Heinrich (1900–69) and Erich (1904–86), who were one-and-a-half and five years younger than him. Question: Who was Hayek's father? Answer: August von Hayek Question: What was August von Hayek's occupation? Answer: medical doctor Question: What was August von Hayek particularly passionate about? Answer: botany Question: From whom did Felicitas inherit her wealth? Answer: her mother Question: How many children did August von Hayek and his wife have? Answer: three
Context: For collectable or nostalgia purposes, or for the benefit of higher-quality audio playback provided by the 78 rpm speed with newer vinyl records and their lightweight stylus pickups, a small number of 78 rpm records have been released since the major labels ceased production. One of the first attempts at this was in the 1950s, when inventor Ewing Dunbar Nunn founded the label Audiophile Records, which released, in addition to standard 33 1/3 rpm LPs, 78 rpm-mastered albums that were microgroove and pressed on vinyl (as opposed to traditional 78s, with their shellac composition and wider 3-mil sized grooves). This was done by the label mainly to take advantage of the wider audio frequency response that faster speeds like 78 rpm can provide for vinyl microgroove records, hence the label's name (obviously catering to the audiophiles of the 1950s "hi-fi" era, when stereo gear could provide a much wider range of audio than before). Also in the late 1950s, Bell Records released a few budget-priced 7" microgrooved records at 78 rpm. Question: What are reasons for recent releases of 78 rpm speed vinyls? Answer: collectable or nostalgia purposes Question: What is a benefit of newer releases of 78 rpm speed vinyls? Answer: higher-quality audio playback Question: Who released 7" microgrooved records in the 1950s? Answer: Bell Records Question: What benefits to vinyl have been found in the 1950s? Answer: wider range of audio Question: Who founded Audiophile Records? Answer: Ewing Dunbar Nunn
Context: Worldwide prosperity changed dramatically with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 served to punctuate the end of the previous era, as The Great Depression set in. The Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn starting in most places in 1929 and ending at different times in the 1930s or early 1940s for different countries. It was the largest and most important economic depression in the 20th century, and is used in the 21st century as an example of how far the world's economy can fall. Question: What changed worldwide property drasrically? Answer: the onset of the Great Depression Question: In what year did The wall Street crash occur? Answer: 1929 Question: What is the Great Depression? Answer: a worldwide economic downturn Question: When did the great Depression end? Answer: 1930s or early 1940s Question: The great depression is the worst economic downturn of what century? Answer: 20th century
Context: Railways must operate at variable speeds. Until the mid 1980s this was only practical with the brush-type DC motor, although such DC can be supplied from an AC catenary via on-board electric power conversion. Since such conversion was not well developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century, most early electrified railways used DC and many still do, particularly rapid transit (subways) and trams. Speed was controlled by connecting the traction motors in various series-parallel combinations, by varying the traction motors' fields, and by inserting and removing starting resistances to limit motor current. Question: What is speed limit for railways? Answer: variable speeds Question: Why is DC motor being used more than AC type? Answer: conversion was not well developed Question: What are two types of railway transportation still use DC motor? Answer: rapid transit (subways) and trams Question: What must operate at constant speeds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Speed was controlled by disconnecting the traction motors where? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A brush-type BC motor operated at what speeds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: All early electrified motors used what type of motor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Varying the transition motors' fields helped control what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Arabic term ijāzat al-tadrīs was awarded to Islamic scholars who were qualified to teach. According to Makdisi, the Latin title licentia docendi 'licence to teach' in the European university may have been a translation of the Arabic, but the underlying concept was very different. A significant difference between the ijāzat al-tadrīs and the licentia docendi was that the former was awarded by the individual scholar-teacher, while the latter was awarded by the chief official of the university, who represented the collective faculty, rather than the individual scholar-teacher. Question: What did earning the ijazat al-tadris award students? Answer: licence to teach Question: Who awarded a teaching license in Islamic schools? Answer: individual scholar-teacher Question: Who awarded a teaching license in European schools? Answer: chief official of the university Question: What type of license is closely related to the ijazat al-tadris? Answer: licentia docendi Question: What did earning the ijazat al-tadris discipline students? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who awarded a teaching license in non-Islamic schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who rejected a teaching license in European schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of license is very different from the ijazat al-tadris? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was not the chief official of the university? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: DST inherits and can magnify the disadvantages of standard time. For example, when reading a sundial, one must compensate for it along with time zone and natural discrepancies. Also, sun-exposure guidelines such as avoiding the sun within two hours of noon become less accurate when DST is in effect. Question: What does DST inherit from standard time? Answer: disadvantages Question: Does daylight savings sometimes minimize or magnify the drawbacks of standard time? Answer: magnify Question: Usually, it's recommended that we avoid the sun for how many hours before and after noon? Answer: two Question: What kind of guidelines become less precise because of DST? Answer: sun-exposure guidelines Question: When using a sundial, we must adjust the reading to reflect natural discrepancies and the effect of what other influence? Answer: time zone
Context: The construction of cathedrals and castles advanced building technology, leading to the development of large stone buildings. Ancillary structures included new town halls, houses, bridges, and tithe barns. Shipbuilding improved with the use of the rib and plank method rather than the old Roman system of mortise and tenon. Other improvements to ships included the use of lateen sails and the stern-post rudder, both of which increased the speed at which ships could be sailed. Question: Along with bridges, tithe barns and town halls, what notable new structures were built during this period? Answer: houses Question: What method, derived from the Romans, was traditionally used to build ships? Answer: mortise and tenon Question: What new shipbuilding method was invented in this period? Answer: rib and plank Question: What type of rudder was introduced during this period? Answer: stern-post Question: What type of sails were first used during this era? Answer: lateen
Context: Few large stone buildings were constructed between the Constantinian basilicas of the 4th century and the 8th century, although many smaller ones were built during the 6th and 7th centuries. By the beginning of the 8th century, the Carolingian Empire revived the basilica form of architecture. One feature of the basilica is the use of a transept, or the "arms" of a cross-shaped building that are perpendicular to the long nave. Other new features of religious architecture include the crossing tower and a monumental entrance to the church, usually at the west end of the building. Question: When were the Constantinian basilicas built? Answer: 4th century Question: In what part of the church was the monumental entrance typically placed? Answer: the west end Question: What type of architecture did the Carolingian Empire bring back into use? Answer: the basilica Question: What is a notable architectural feature of the basilica? Answer: transept Question: How is the transept positioned in relation to the nave? Answer: perpendicular
Context: The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, was approved, with work initiated the next year. By 1874, almost 500,000 passengers a year were coming to Atlantic City by rail. In Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City, "Atlantic City's Godfather" Nelson Johnson describes the inspiration of Dr. Jonathan Pitney (the "Father of Atlantic City") to develop Atlantic City as a health resort, his efforts to convince the municipal authorities that a railroad to the beach would be beneficial, his successful alliance with Samuel Richards (entrepreneur and member of the most influential family in southern New Jersey at the time) to achieve that goal, the actual building of the railroad, and the experience of the first 600 riders, who "were chosen carefully by Samuel Richards and Jonathan Pitney": Question: What other US city was linked to Atlantic City by the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service? Answer: Philadelphia Question: By 1874, how many passengers were coming to Atlantic City by rail each year? Answer: 500,000 Question: What is the name of the lighthouse that is located on the Atlantic City coast? Answer: Absecon Lighthouse Question: Who is considered to be "Atlantic City's Godfather?" Answer: Nelson Johnson
Context: The European concept of "race", along with many of the ideas now associated with the term, arose at the time of the scientific revolution, which introduced and privileged the study of natural kinds, and the age of European imperialism and colonization which established political relations between Europeans and peoples with distinct cultural and political traditions. As Europeans encountered people from different parts of the world, they speculated about the physical, social, and cultural differences among various human groups. The rise of the Atlantic slave trade, which gradually displaced an earlier trade in slaves from throughout the world, created a further incentive to categorize human groups in order to justify the subordination of African slaves. Drawing on Classical sources and upon their own internal interactions — for example, the hostility between the English and Irish powerfully influenced early European thinking about the differences between people — Europeans began to sort themselves and others into groups based on physical appearance, and to attribute to individuals belonging to these groups behaviors and capacities which were claimed to be deeply ingrained. A set of folk beliefs took hold that linked inherited physical differences between groups to inherited intellectual, behavioral, and moral qualities. Similar ideas can be found in other cultures, for example in China, where a concept often translated as "race" was associated with supposed common descent from the Yellow Emperor, and used to stress the unity of ethnic groups in China. Brutal conflicts between ethnic groups have existed throughout history and across the world. Question: When did many of the ideas associated with the term "race" arise? Answer: time of the scientific revolution Question: What created relations between Europeans and people with different cultures? Answer: colonization Question: Who speculated about the observable difference among different groups of humans? Answer: Europeans Question: Justifying the subordination of what group was one of the incentives to categorize human groups? Answer: African slaves Question: What groups has there always been brutal conflict between? Answer: ethnic
Context: After the watershed events of Hurricane Andrew in 1992, the state of Florida began investing in economic development through the Office of Trade, Tourism, and Economic Development. Governor Jeb Bush realized that watershed events such as Andrew negatively impacted Florida's backbone industry of tourism severely. The office was directed to target Medical/Bio-Sciences among others. Three years later, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) announced it had chosen Florida for its newest expansion. In 2003, TSRI announced plans to establish a major science center in Palm Beach, a 364,000 square feet (33,800 m2) facility on 100 acres (40 ha), which TSRI planned to occupy in 2006. Question: What did Hurricane Andrew cause Florida to do Answer: the state of Florida began investing in economic development through the Office of Trade Question: What did Govenor Bush Realize Answer: that watershed events such as Andrew negatively impacted Florida's backbone industry of tourism severely Question: What industry was targeted Answer: Medical/Bio-Sciences Question: Who chose to expand their corporation in Florida Answer: The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) announced it had chosen Florida for its newest expansion Question: What hurricane hit in 1991? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Florida stop doing after Andrew? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Jeb Bush fail to realize? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who chose against expanding their corporation in Florida? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who announced plans to establish a major science center in 2001? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tafsir is one of the earliest academic activities of Muslims. According to the Quran, Muhammad was the first person who described the meanings of verses for early Muslims. Other early exegetes included a few Companions of Muhammad, like ʻAli ibn Abi Talib, ʻAbdullah ibn Abbas, ʻAbdullah ibn Umar and Ubayy ibn Kaʻb. Exegesis in those days was confined to the explanation of literary aspects of the verse, the background of its revelation and, occasionally, interpretation of one verse with the help of the other. If the verse was about a historical event, then sometimes a few traditions (hadith) of Muhammad were narrated to make its meaning clear. Question: What is the name of the activity of explaining what Quranic verses mean? Answer: Tafsir Question: Who was the first practitioner of Tafsir? Answer: Muhammad Question: What is the Arabic term for Quranic exegesis? Answer: Tafsir Question: Who were 'Ali ibn Abi Talib and 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas? Answer: Companions of Muhammad Question: What is the name of the activity of not explaining what Quranic verses mean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the last practitioner of Tafsir? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the first rejecter of Tafsir? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't the Arabic term for Quranic exegesis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who weren't 'Ali ibn Abi Talib and 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Red is the color most commonly associated with joy and well being. It is the color of celebration and ceremony. A red carpet is often used to welcome distinguished guests. Red is also the traditional color of seats in opera houses and theaters. Scarlet academic gowns are worn by new Doctors of Philosophy at degree ceremonies at Oxford University and other schools. In China, it is considered the color of good fortune and prosperity, and it is the color traditionally worn by brides. In Christian countries, it is the color traditionally worn at Christmas by Santa Claus, because in the 4th century the historic Saint Nicholas was the Greek Christian Bishop of Myra, in modern-day Turkey, and bishops then dressed in red. Question: What color gowns are generally worn by recent Doctors of Philosophy at Oxford? Answer: Scarlet Question: What good traits is the color red associated with in China? Answer: good fortune and prosperity Question: In what century did Saint Nicholas become the influence for red being worn by Santa Claus? Answer: 4th Question: Who was Saint Nicholas? Answer: the Greek Christian Bishop of Myra Question: In what nation is Myra? Answer: Turkey Question: What color to brides wear in Christian countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the 4th century Santa Claus in Turkey? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color gowns are worn on red carpets? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do all Doctors of Philosophy wear? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Daily which urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". The government also began to patrol and censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com, with comments related to the Carrefour boycott removed. In the days prior to the planned boycott, evidence of efforts by Chinese authorities to choke the mass boycott's efforts online became even more evident, including barring searches of words related to the French protests, but protests broke out nonetheless in front of Carrefour's stores at Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenyang on May 1. Question: The Chinese government tried to tamper the boycott, trying to avoid a similar outcome to which protests in 2005? Answer: anti-Japanese protests Question: Which newspaper urged citizens to protest peacefully? Answer: People's Daily Question: Which website had mentions of the Carrefour boycott removed by the government? Answer: Sohu.com Question: When did protests in front of Carrefour's stores occur in China? Answer: May 1 Question: The Chinese government did not want a repeat of what protests? Answer: the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. Question: Which newspaper asked the Chinese people to protest peacefully? Answer: People's Daily Question: Who removed Carrefour boycott comments from some websites? Answer: the Chinese government Question: What day did protests occur in front of Carrefour stores? Answer: May 1.
Context: While Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style, two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs. All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range of student facilities. The twelve colleges are named for important alumni or significant places in university history. In 2017, the university expects to open two new colleges near Science Hill. Question: In what architectural styles were Harkness' original colleges? Answer: Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic Question: Which two residential colleges are of modernist style? Answer: Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges Question: What are Yale's colleges encircling? Answer: a courtyard Question: Who are the Yale colleges named after? Answer: important alumni or significant places in university history Question: In what year does the university expect to open two more colleges? Answer: 2017 Question: In what architectural styles weren't Harkness' original colleges? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which three residential colleges are of modernist style? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are Yale's colleges encircled by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who aren't the Yale colleges named after? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year does the university expect to close two more colleges? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Shia tariqah with a majority of adherents are the Twelvers who are commonly known as the "Shia". After that come the Nizari Ismailis commonly known as the Ismailis; and then come the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as the "Bohras" with further schisms within their Bohri tariqah. The Druze tariqah (very small in number today) initially were of the Fatimid Ismailis and separated from them (the Fatimid Ismailis) after the death of the Fatimid Imam and Caliph Hakim Bi Amrillah. The Shia Sevener tariqah no longer exists. Another small tariqah is the Zaidi Shias, also known as the Fivers and who do not believe in The Occultation of their last Imam. Question: In Shia tariqah, what are the Twelvers commonly known as? Answer: the "Shia" Question: What are the Nizari Ismailis more commonly known as? Answer: Ismailis Question: What are the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as? Answer: Bohras Question: Which tariqah no longer exists? Answer: The Shia Sevener Question: Which tariah is known as the Fivers? Answer: Zaidi Shias
Context: A commonly seen example is the double happiness symbol 囍, formed as a ligature of 喜喜 and referred to by its disyllabic name (simplified Chinese: 双喜; traditional Chinese: 雙喜; pinyin: shuāngxǐ). In handwriting, numbers are very frequently squeezed into one space or combined – common ligatures include 廿 niàn, "twenty", normally read as 二十 èrshí, 卅 sà, "thirty", normally read as 三十 sānshí, and 卌 xì "forty", normally read as 四十 "sìshí". In some cases counters are also merged into one character, such as 七十人 qīshí rén "seventy people". Another common abbreviation is 门 with a "T" written inside it, for 問題, 问题, wèntí ("question; problem"), where the "T" is from pinyin for the second syllable tí 题. Since polysyllabic characters are often non-standard, they are often excluded incharcter dictionaries. Question: What characters are often non-standard? Answer: polysyllabic Question: What is a commonly seen example? Answer: double happiness symbol Question: What is formed as a ligature? Answer: double happiness symbol
Context: Throughout America's history dominance of one of the three branches has essentially been a see-saw struggle between Congress and the president. Both have had periods of great power and weakness such as immediately after the Civil War when republicans had a majority in Congress and were able to pass major legislation and shoot down most of the president's vetoes. They also passed acts to essentially make the president subordinate to Congress, such as the Tenure of Office Act. Johnson's later impeachment also cost the presidency much political power. However the president has also exercised greater power largely during the 20th century. Both Roosevelts greatly expanded the powers of the president and wielded great power during their terms. Question: Immediately following the civil war which branch of government was seen to have the greater amount of power? Answer: Congress Question: Between who and the Senate has dominance of one branch of government been a struggle? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After which war did Republicans hold a minority in Congress? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After which war did Democrats hold a majority in Congress? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which act was passed to make Congress subordinate to the President? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Tenure of Office Act says Congress is subordinate to who? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Dell facilities in the United States are located in Austin, Texas; Plano, Texas; Nashua, New Hampshire; Nashville, Tennessee; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Peoria, Illinois; Hillsboro, Oregon (Portland area); Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Eden Prairie, Minnesota (Dell Compellent); Bowling Green, Kentucky; Lincoln, Nebraska; and Miami, Florida. Facilities located abroad include Penang, Malaysia; Xiamen, China; Bracknell, UK; Manila, Philippines Chennai, India; Hyderabad, India; Noida, India; Hortolandia and Porto Alegre, Brazil; Bratislava, Slovakia; Łódź, Poland; Panama City, Panama; Dublin and Limerick, Ireland; and Casablanca, Morocco. Question: What city is Dell's New Hampshire facility in? Answer: Nashua Question: What city is Dell's Tennessee facility in? Answer: Nashville Question: What city is Dell's Minnesota facility in? Answer: Eden Prairie Question: What city is Dell's Florida facility in? Answer: Miami Question: What city isn't Dell's New Hampshire facility in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city isn't Dell's Tennessee facility in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city isn't Dell's Minnesota facility in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city isn't Dell's Florida facility in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city isn't Dell's Nebraska facility in? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President, by powers vested in the government by the Constitution. Question: What is the only branch of U.S. government imbued with lawmaking abilities? Answer: Congress Question: Which court case upheld the rule of nondelegation? Answer: Clinton v. City of New York Question: When was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the Supreme Court? Answer: 1998 Question: In the US who has the sole power to pass legislation? Answer: Congress Question: What is the doctrine called that does not allow congress to pass on their power to pass laws to any other agency? Answer: nondelegation doctrine Question: What was the court case that struck down the line item veto? Answer: Clinton v. City of New York Question: What year was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the supreme court? Answer: 1998 Question: Who has shared legislative power in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which doctrine says Congress can delegate its powers to whoever it wants? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which year was the court case Clinton v. Supreme Court held? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who may delegate lawmaking responsibilities to other agencies as it pleases? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which country does Congress have shared lawmaking responsibilities? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Since the show's inception in 2002, ten of the fourteen Idol winners, including its first five, have come from the Southern United States. A large number of other notable finalists during the series' run have also hailed from the American South, including Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry, who are all from North Carolina. In 2012, an analysis of the 131 contestants who have appeared in the finals of all seasons of the show up to that point found that 48% have some connection to the Southern United States. Question: As of 2012, how many finalists did American Idol have? Answer: 131 Question: When did American Idol begin? Answer: 2002 Question: What region of the United States were American Idols first five winners from? Answer: Southern Question: What state is American Idol contestant Clay Aiken from? Answer: North Carolina Question: What state is American Idol contestant Chris Daughtry from? Answer: North Carolina Question: How many Idol winners have come from the southern part of America? Answer: ten Question: In addition to Clay Aiken and Kellie Pickler, which other Idol is from North Carolina? Answer: Chris Daughtry
Context: The future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour using 10 megajoules of energy. Its expected performance is over 13,000 miles (21,000 km) per hour muzzle velocity, accurate enough to hit a 5-meter target from 200 nautical miles (370 km) away while shooting at 10 shots per minute. It is expected to be ready in 2020 to 2025.[verification needed] These systems while currently designed for static targets would only need the ability to be retargeted to become the next generation of AA system. Question: Where can the future of projectile based weapons possibly be found? Answer: the railgun Question: Testing is being done on weapons to create as much damage as what missile at a much lower cost? Answer: a Tomahawk Question: When did the United States Navy test a railgun? Answer: February 2008 Question: How fast was the shell that the Navy fired from the railgun? Answer: 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour Question: When is the railgun expected to be ready? Answer: 2020 to 2025
Context: The earliest record of the location appears as São João on a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel in 1519. When John Rut visited St. John's in 1527 he found Norman, Breton and Portuguese ships in the harbour. On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of his voyage to North America; this was the first known letter sent from North America. St. Jehan is shown on Nicholas Desliens' world map of 1541 and San Joham is found in João Freire's Atlas of 1546. It was during this time that Water Street was first developed, making it the oldest street in North America.[dubious – discuss] Question: What year did John Rut visit St. John's? Answer: 1527 Question: Who sent the first known letter from North America? Answer: John Rut Question: What three countries ships did John Rut find in 1527? Answer: Norman, Breton and Portuguese Question: Who did John Rut write a letter to in 1527? Answer: King Henry Question: What did Pedro Reinel call St John's in the 15th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Pedro Reinal find in the harbor in 1527? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What king did Reinel write to in 1527? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the oldest street in the America's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How was St. John's refereed to on Nicholas Desliens Atlas? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Depending on a number of considerations, a company may apply for and be granted a patent for the drug, or the process of producing the drug, granting exclusivity rights typically for about 20 years. However, only after rigorous study and testing, which takes 10 to 15 years on average, will governmental authorities grant permission for the company to market and sell the drug. Patent protection enables the owner of the patent to recover the costs of research and development through high profit margins for the branded drug. When the patent protection for the drug expires, a generic drug is usually developed and sold by a competing company. The development and approval of generics is less expensive, allowing them to be sold at a lower price. Often the owner of the branded drug will introduce a generic version before the patent expires in order to get a head start in the generic market. Restructuring has therefore become routine, driven by the patent expiration of products launched during the industry's "golden era" in the 1990s and companies' failure to develop sufficient new blockbuster products to replace lost revenues. Question: How long do drug exclusivity rights usually last? Answer: 20 years Question: Governments grant permission to market drugs after how many years? Answer: 10 to 15 years on average Question: What enables a drug's owner to recover R&D costs? Answer: Patent protection Question: What kind of drug is produced by competitors once a patent expires? Answer: generic Question: What decade was the pharmaceutical industry's "golden era"? Answer: 1990s Question: How long do company exclusivity rights usually last? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Governments grant permission to market companies after how many years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What enables a drug's owner to recover patent costs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of drug is produced by competitors once an industry expires? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What decade was the pharmaceutical industry's "drug era"? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many Nobel prizes have been awarded to Swiss scientists, for example to the world-famous physicist Albert Einstein in the field of physics who developed his Special relativity while working in Bern. More recently Vladimir Prelog, Heinrich Rohrer, Richard Ernst, Edmond Fischer, Rolf Zinkernagel and Kurt Wüthrich received Nobel prizes in the sciences. In total, 113 Nobel Prize winners in all fields stand in relation to Switzerland[note 11] and the Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded nine times to organisations residing in Switzerland. Question: What Swiss world famous physicist developed his Special relativity while working in Bern? Answer: Albert Einstein Question: How many total Nobel prizes were awarded to Swiss scientists? Answer: 113 Question: How many times has the Nobel Peace Prize been awarded to organisations residing in Switzerland? Answer: nine
Context: Over 50% of undergraduate students live on campus. Most of the residence halls on campus are located on the South 40, named because of its adjacent location on the south side of the Danforth Campus and its size of 40 acres (160,000 m2). It is the location of all the freshman buildings as well as several upperclassman buildings, which are set up in the traditional residential college system. All of the residential halls are co-ed. The South 40 is organized as a pedestrian-friendly environment wherein residences surround a central recreational lawn known as the Swamp. Bear's Den (the largest dining hall on campus), the Habif Health and Wellness Center (Student Health Services), the Residential Life Office, University Police Headquarters, various student-owned businesses (e.g. the laundry service, Wash U Wash), and the baseball, softball, and intramural fields are also located on the South 40. Question: What percent of undergraduate students live on campus at Washington University? Answer: Over 50% Question: Where are most residence halls located at Washington University? Answer: the South 40, Question: How did the South 40 get its name? Answer: because of its adjacent location on the south side of the Danforth Campus and its size of 40 acres Question: Where are all freshman residence buildings at Washington University located? Answer: the South 40 Question: What is the gender make-up of the residence halls at Washington University? Answer: co-ed Question: What percentage of the residence halls are located on the South 40? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How large is the Danforth Campus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Besides the South 40 where else are upperclassman buildings at? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of environment is the Danforth Campus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many student owned businesses are there in the South 40? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Boston has teams in the four major North American professional sports leagues plus Major League Soccer, and has won 36 championships in these leagues, As of 2014[update]. It is one of six cities (along with Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York and Philadelphia) to have won championships in all four major sports. It has been suggested that Boston is the new "TitleTown, USA", as the city's professional sports teams have won nine championships since 2001: Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, and 2014), Red Sox (2004, 2007, and 2013), Celtics (2008), and Bruins (2011). This love of sports has made Boston the United States Olympic Committee's choice to bid to hold the 2024 Summer Olympic Games, but the city cited financial concerns when it withdrew its bid on July 27, 2015. Question: How many major North American sports leagues are there? Answer: four Question: How many championships has Boston won in these leagues? Answer: 36 championships Question: How many championships have the sports leagues won since 2001? Answer: nine Question: Why did the city turn down the chance to host the 2024 Olympic games? Answer: financial concerns Question: When did Boston withdraw its bid for hosting the Olympic games? Answer: July 27, 2015
Context: Santa Bárbara became the launching place for expeditions into New Mexico by Spanish conquistadors like: Antonio de Espejo, Gaspar Castaño, Antonio Gutiérrez de Umaña, Francisco Leyba de Bonilla, and Vicente de Zaldívar. Several expeditions were led to find a shorter route from Santa Barbara to New Mexico. In April 1598, Juan de Oñate finally found a short route from Santa Barbara to New Mexico which came to be called El Paso del Norte (The Northern Pass). The discovery of El Paso Del Norte was important for the expansion of El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (The Inner Land Royal Road) to link Spanish settlements in New Mexico to Mexico City; El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro facilitated transport of settlers and supplies to New Mexico. Question: Which city became the launching place for expeditions into New Mexico? Answer: Santa Bárbara Question: In which year was El Paso del Norte found? Answer: 1598 Question: The path was important for the expansion of which road? Answer: El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro Question: Which U.S. state benefited from this road? Answer: New Mexico
Context: The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes (Vandals, Lombards, Burgundians and Suebi amongst others) which had migrated into the former areas of the Roman Empire. Question: how many tribes are credited with the creation of the modern day germans? Answer: five tribes Question: In modern day what is still influenced by the five tribes? Answer: German language Question: What king united the tribes in the 9th century? Answer: Charlemagne Question: What part of Germany became mostly Slavonic-speaking due to migration? Answer: Eastern Germany Question: The tribes that moved out of east Germany took to inhabit what fallen empires lands? Answer: Roman Empire Question: What five tribes are attributed with coalescing into a German ethnicity? Answer: Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii Question: What 6th tribe is sometimes included with the original 5 German tribes? Answer: Frisians Question: Who united the 5 tribes? Answer: king Charlemagne Question: What century did King Charlemagne reign? Answer: 9th Question: What modern ethnic group was formed by 6 migrating tribes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was united in the 900's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ruled the territory of modern Germany in the 900's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Slavonic tries migrate to from Eastern Germany? Answer: Unanswerable