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10.1093/cercor/bhw266 | Distinct Spatiotemporal Response Properties of Excitatory Versus Inhibitory Neurons in the Mouse Auditory Cortex | In the auditory system, early neural stations such as brain stem are characterized by strict tonotopy, which is used to deconstruct sounds to their basic frequencies. But higher along the auditory hierarchy, as early as primary auditory cortex (A1), tonotopy starts breaking down at local circuits. Here, we studied the response properties of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the auditory cortex of anesthetized mice. We used in vivo two photon-targeted cell-attached recordings from identified parvalbumin-positive neurons (PVNs) and their excitatory pyramidal neighbors (PyrNs). We show that PyrNs are locally heterogeneous as characterized by diverse best frequencies, pairwise signal correlations, and response timing. In marked contrast, neighboring PVNs exhibited homogenous response properties in pairwise signal correlations and temporal responses. The distinct physiological microarchitecture of different cell types is maintained qualitatively in response to natural sounds. Excitatory heterogeneity and inhibitory homogeneity within the same circuit suggest different roles for each population in coding natural stimuli. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
interreg_1508 | Green Energy for Green Companies | Project in brief _x000D_
_x000D_
The problem of massive emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fossil fuels and related climatic impact have become major environmental, scientific and institutional issues worldwide. Long-term sustainability of the atmosphere requires a drastic decrease in CO2 emissions and an efficient energy strategy. Against growing energy consumption in the Mediterranean area, GR.ENE.CO project aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to improve energy efficiency by adopting renewable energy as main power source at farm level. This will be reached through the implementation of several forms of renewable energy - biofuel, biomass, solar, wind and hydro power - in farms settled in the involved target areas: Sarcidano and Barbagia of Seulo (Italy), South Lebanon, Al Iskandanyah and Al Buhayrah territories (Egypt). _x000D_
_x000D_
Specific objective _x000D_
_x000D_
To spread the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) for agricultural and livestock activities contributing to energy self-sufficiency at farm level | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-019-48275-1 | The effects of Botulinum toxin on the detection of gradual changes in facial emotion | When we feel sad or depressed, our face invariably “drops”. Conversely, when we try to cheer someone up, we might tell them “keep your smile up”, so presupposing that modifying the configuration of their facial muscles will enhance their mood. A crucial assumption that underpins this hypothesis is that mental states are shaped by information originating from the peripheral neuromotor system — a view operationalised as the Facial Feedback Hypothesis. We used botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) injected over the frown area to temporarily paralyse muscles necessary to express anger. Using a pre-post treatment design, we presented participants with gradually changing videos of a face morphing from neutral to full-blown expressions of either anger or happiness and asked them to press a button as soon as they had detected any change in the display. Results indicate that while all participants (control and BoNT-A) improved their reaction times from pre-test to post-test, the BoNT-A group did not when detecting anger in the post-test. We surmise that frown paralysis disadvantaged participants in their ability to improve the detection of anger. Our finding suggests that facial feedback causally affects perceptual awareness of changes in emotion, as well as people’s ability to use perceptual information to learn. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1126/science.aau3873 | Ultrafast disordering of vanadium dimers in photoexcited VO2 | Many ultrafast solid phase transitions are treated as chemical reactions that transform the structures between two different unit cells along a reaction coordinate, but this neglects the role of disorder. Although ultrafast diffraction provides insights into atomic dynamics during such transformations, diffraction alone probes an averaged unit cell and is less sensitive to randomness in the transition pathway. Using total scattering of femtosecond x-ray pulses, we show that atomic disordering in photoexcited vanadium dioxide (VO2) is central to the transition mechanism and that, after photoexcitation, the system explores a large volume of phase space on a time scale comparable to that of a single phonon oscillation. These results overturn the current understanding of an archetypal ultrafast phase transition and provide new microscopic insights into rapid evolution toward equilibrium in photoexcited matter. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
260801 | Building an Integrated Genetic Infectious Disease Epidemiology Approach | Epidemiology and public health planning will increasingly rely on the analysis of genetic sequence data. The recent swine-derived influenza A/H1N1 pandemic may represent a tipping point in this trend, as it is arguably the first time when multiple strains of a human pathogen have been sequenced essentially in real time from the very beginning of its spread. However, the full potential of genetic information cannot be fully exploited to infer the spread of epidemics due to the lack of statistical methodologies capable of reconstructing transmission routes from genetic data structured both in time and space. To address this urgent need, we propose to develop a methodological framework for the reconstruction of the spatiotemporal dynamics of disease outbreaks and epidemics based on genetic sequence data. Rather than reconstructing most recent common ancestors as in phylogenetics, we will directly infer the most likely ancestries among the sampled isolates. This represents an entirely novel paradigm and allows for the development of statistically coherent and powerful inference software within a Bayesian framework. The methodological framework will be developed in parallel with the analysis of real genetic/genomic data from important human pathogens. We will in particular focus on the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic influenza, methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones (MRSAs), Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a fungus currently devastating amphibian populations worldwide. The tools we are proposing to develop are likely to impact radically on the field of infectious disease epidemiology and affect the way infectious emerging pathogens are monitored by biologists and public health professionals. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W4289443609 | Association Between Gout Flare and Subsequent Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Gout | Gout is associated with cardiovascular diseases. The temporal association between gout flares and cardiovascular events has not been investigated.To investigate whether there is a transient increase in risk of cardiovascular events after a recent gout flare.A retrospective observational study was conducted using electronic health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in England between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2020. A multivariable nested case-control study was performed among 62 574 patients with gout, and a self-controlled case series, adjusted for season and age, was performed among 1421 patients with gout flare and cardiovascular event.Gout flares were ascertained using hospitalization, primary care outpatient, and prescription records.The primary outcome was a cardiovascular event, defined as an acute myocardial infarction or stroke. Association with recent prior gout flares was measured using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs in a nested case-control study and adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs in a self-controlled case series.Among patients with a new diagnosis of gout (mean age, 76.5 years; 69.3% men, 30.7% women), 10 475 patients with subsequent cardiovascular events were matched with 52 099 patients without cardiovascular events. Patients with cardiovascular events, compared with those who did not have cardiovascular events, had significantly higher odds of gout flare within the prior 0 to 60 days (204/10 475 [2.0%] vs 743/52 099 [1.4%]; adjusted OR, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.57-2.38]) and within the prior 61 to 120 days (170/10 475 [1.6%] vs 628/52 099 [1.2%]; adjusted OR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.26-1.96]). There was no significant difference in the odds of gout flare within the prior 121 to 180 days (148/10 475 [1.4%] vs 662/52 099 [1.3%]; adjusted OR, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.84-1.34]). In the self-controlled case series (N = 1421), cardiovascular event rates per 1000 person-days were 2.49 (95% CI, 2.16-2.82) within days 0 to 60; 2.16 (95% CI, 1.85-2.47) within days 61 to 120; and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.42-1.98) within days 121 to 180 after a gout flare, compared with cardiovascular event rates of 1.32 (95% CI, 1.23-1.41) per 1000 person-days within the 150 days before or the 181 to 540 days after the gout flare. Compared with 150 days before or the 181 to 540 days after a gout flare, incidence rate differences for cardiovascular events were 1.17 (95% CI, 0.83-1.52) per 1000 person-days, and adjusted IRRs were 1.89 (95% CI, 1.54-2.30) within days 0 to 60; 0.84 (95% CI, 0.52-1.17) per 1000 person-days and 1.64 (95% CI, 1.45-1.86) within days 61 to 120; and 0.38 (95% CI, 0.09-0.67) per 1000 person-days and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.02-1.64) within days 121 to 180 after a gout flare.Among individuals with gout, those who experienced a cardiovascular event, compared with those who did not experience such an event, had significantly higher odds of a recent gout flare in the preceding days. These findings suggest gout flares are associated with a transient increase in cardiovascular events following the flare. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
615075 | Algorithms and Lower Bounds: A Unified Approach | One of the fundamental goals of theoretical computer science is to
understand the possibilities and limits of efficient computation. This
quest has two dimensions. The
theory of algorithms focuses on finding efficient solutions to
problems, while computational complexity theory aims to understand when
and why problems are hard to solve. These two areas have different
philosophies and use different sets of techniques. However, in recent
years there have been indications of deep and mysterious connections
between them.
In this project, we propose to explore and develop the connections between
algorithmic analysis and complexity lower bounds in a systematic way.
On the one hand, we plan to use complexity lower bound techniques as inspiration
to design new and improved algorithms for Satisfiability and other
NP-complete problems, as well as to analyze existing algorithms better.
On the other hand, we plan to strengthen implications yielding circuit
lower bounds from non-trivial algorithms for Satisfiability, and to derive
new circuit lower bounds using these stronger implications.
This project has potential for massive impact in both the areas of algorithms
and computational complexity. Improved algorithms for Satisfiability could lead
to improved SAT solvers, and the new analytical tools would lead to a better
understanding of existing heuristics. Complexity lower bound questions are
fundamental
but notoriously difficult, and new lower bounds would open the way to
unconditionally secure cryptographic protocols and derandomization of
probabilistic algorithms. More broadly, this project aims to initiate greater
dialogue between the two areas, with an exchange of ideas and techniques
which leads to accelerated progress in both, as well as a deeper understanding
of the nature of efficient computation. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/1522/1/012020 | Coherent Structures In Turbulent Boundary Layers Over An Airfoil | This preliminary study is concerned with the identification of three-dimensional coherent structures, defined as intense Reynolds-stress events, in the turbulent boundary layer developing over the . . . | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W2030736011 | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoid malignancy in adults accounting for 31% of all NHL in Western Countries. Following, morphological, biological and clinical studies have allowed the subdivision of DLBCLs into morphological variants, molecular and immunophenotypic subgroups and distinct disease entities. However, a large number of cases still remain biologically and clinically heterogeneous, for which there are no clear and accepted criteria for subclassification; these are collectively termed DLBCL, not otherwise specified (NOS). DLBCL-NOS occurs in adult patients, with a median age in the seventh decade, but the age range is broad, and it may also occur in children. Clinical presentation, behaviour and prognosis are variable, depending mainly of the extranodal site when they arise. These malignancies present in localized manner in approximately 20% of patients. Disseminated extranodal disease is less frequent, and one third of patients have systemic symptoms. Overall, DLBCLs are aggressive but potentially curable malignancies. Cure rate is particularly high in patients with limited disease with a 5-year PFS ranging from 80% to 85%; patients with advanced disease have a 5-year PFS ≈ 50%. The International Prognostic Index (IPI) and age adjusted IPI (aaIPI) are the benchmarks of DLBCL prognosis. First-line treatment for patients with DLBCL is based on the individual IPI score and age, and three major subgroups should be considered: elderly patients (>60 years, aaIPI=0-3); young patients with low risk (<60 years, aaIPI=0-1); young patients with high risk (<60 years, aaIPI=2-3). The combination of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab and CHOP chemotherapy, every 14 or 21 days, is the standard treatment for DLBCL patients. Recent randomized trials suggest that high-dose chemotherapy supported by autologous stem cell transplant (HDC/ASCT) should not be used as upfront treatment for young high-risk patients outside prospective clinical trials. HDC/ASCT is actually recommended in young patients who did not achieve CR after first-line chemotherapy. Consolidation radiotherapy should be reserved to patients with bulky disease who did not achieve CR after immunochemotherapy. Patients with high IPI score, which indicates increased LDH serum level and the involvement of more than one extranodal site, and patients with involvement of certain extranodal sites (a.e., testes and orbit) should receive CNS prophylaxis as part of first-line treatment. HDC/ASCT should be considered the standard therapy for DLBCL patients with chemotherapy-sensitive relapse. Overall results in patients who cannot be managed with HDC/ASCT due to age or comorbidity are disappointing. New effective and less toxic chemotherapy drugs or biological agents are also worth considering for this specific and broad group of patients. Several novel agents are undergoing evaluation in DLBCL; among other, immunomodulating agents (lenalidomide), m-TOR inhibitors (temsirolimus and everolimus), proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib), histone deacetylase inhibitors (vorinostat), and anti-angiogenetic agents (bevacizumab) are being investigated in prospective trials. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1186/1759-8753-4-15 | Regulation Of Dna Transposition By Cpg Methylation And Chromatin Structure In Human Cells | Background: The activity of transposable elements can be regulated by different means. DNA CpG methylation is known to decrease or inhibit transpositional activity of diverse transposons. However, very surprisingly, it was previously shown that CpG methylation of the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon significantly enhanced transposition in mouse embryonic stem cells. Results: In order to investigate the unexpected response of SB transposition to CpG methylation, related transposons from the Tc1/mariner superfamily, that is, Tc1, Himar1, Hsmar1, Frog Prince (FP) and Minos were tested to see how transposition was affected by CpG methylation. A significant increase of >20-fold in transposition of SB, FP and Minos was seen, whereas Tc1, Himar1 and Hsmar1 showed no difference in transposition upon CpG-methylation. The terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of the SB, FP and Minos elements share a common structure, in which each TIR contains two functionally important binding sites for the transposase (termed the IR/DR structure). The group of IR/DR elements showed increased excision after CpG methylation compared to untreated transposon donor plasmids. We found that de novo CpG methylation is not required for transposition. A mutated FP donor plasmid with depleted CpG sites in both TIRs was as efficient in transposition as the wild-type transposon, indicating that CpG sites inside the TIRs are not responsible for altered binding of factors potentially modulating transposition. By using an in vivo one-hybrid DNA-binding assay in cultured human cells we found that CpG methylation had no appreciable effect on the affinity of SB transposase to its binding sites. However, chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that CpG-methylated transposon donor plasmids are associated with a condensed chromatin structure characterized by trimethylated histone H3K9. Finally, DNA compaction by protamine was found to enhance SB transposition. Conclusions: We have shown that DNA CpG methylation upregulates transposition of IR/DR elements in the Tc1/ mariner superfamily. CpG methylation provokes the formation of a tight chromatin structure at the transposon DNA, likely aiding the formation of a catalytically active complex by facilitating synapsis of sites bound by the transposase. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W1578044134 | Biological, Chemical, and Omics Research ofTaxusMedicinal Resources | Taxus is a botanical source for the anticancer drug taxol (paclitaxel), first reported in 1971 as a result of bioassay guided fractionation of active extracts from stem bark samples of T. brevifolia. This led to additional discoveries of pharmacologically active taxoids in other Taxus species and to investigations on their biosynthetic precursors, analogues, and derivatives. In continuation with our studies on Taxus biochemistry, we review the genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics of Taxus and their endophytic fungi. The bibliometric method is used to quantify and characterize the global scientific effort in the omics technologies being applied. We conclude that systems biology and omics technologies will play an increasingly important role in future medical research involving bioactive compounds of Taxus and other natural products. Drug Dev Res 73 : 477-486, 2012. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s00332-012-9148-z | A new minimum principle for Lagrangian mechanics | We present a novel variational view at Lagrangian mechanics based on the minimization of weighted inertia-energy functionals on trajectories. In particular, we introduce a family of parameter-dependent global-in-time minimization problems whose respective minimizers converge to solutions of the system of Lagrange's equations. The interest in this approach is that of reformulating Lagrangian dynamics as a (class of) minimization problem(s) plus a limiting procedure. The theory may be extended in order to include dissipative effects thus providing a unified framework for both dissipative and nondissipative situations. In particular, it allows for a rigorous connection between these two regimes by means of Γ-convergence. Moreover, the variational principle may serve as a selection criterion in case of nonuniqueness of solutions. Finally, this variational approach can be localized on a finite time-horizon resulting in some sharper convergence statements and can be combined with time-discretization. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-017-01571-8 | Transcriptional signature of human pro-inflammatory TH17 cells identifies reduced IL10 gene expression in multiple sclerosis | We have previously reported the molecular signature of murine pathogenic TH17 cells that induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in animals. Here we show that human peripheral blood IFN-γ+IL-17+ (TH1/17) and IFN-γ-IL-17+ (TH17) CD4+ T cells display distinct transcriptional profiles in high-throughput transcription analyses. Compared to TH17 cells, TH1/17 cells have gene signatures with marked similarity to mouse pathogenic TH17 cells. Assessing 15 representative signature genes in patients with multiple sclerosis, we find that TH1/17 cells have elevated expression of CXCR3 and reduced expression of IFNG, CCL3, CLL4, GZMB, and IL10 compared to healthy controls. Moreover, higher expression of IL10 in TH17 cells is found in clinically stable vs. active patients. Our results define the molecular signature of human pro-inflammatory TH17 cells, which can be used to both identify pathogenic TH17 cells and to measure the effect of treatment on TH17 cells in human autoimmune diseases. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023686 | Long Noncoding Rnas In Cardiovascular Pathology Diagnosis And Therapy | Vast parts of mammalian genomes encode for transcripts that are not further translated into proteins. The purpose of the majority of such noncoding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) remained paradoxical for a long time. However, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that long noncoding RNAs are dynamically expressed in different cell types, diseases, or developmental stages to execute a wide variety of regulatory roles at virtually every step of gene expression and translation. Indeed, long noncoding RNAs influence gene expression via epigenetic modulations, through regulating alternative splicing, or by acting as molecular sponges. The abundance of long noncoding RNAs in the cardiovascular system indicates that they may be part of a complex regulatory network governing physiology and pathology of the heart. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted functions of long noncoding RNAs and highlight the current literature with an emphasis on cardiac development and disease. Furthermore, as the enormous spectrum of long noncoding RNAs potentially opens up new avenues for diagnosis and prevention of heart failure, we ultimately evaluate the futuristic prospects of long noncoding RNAs as biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, as well. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.020 | Anti-inflammatory activity of intravenous immunoglobulin through scavenging of heme | Therapeutic intravenous immunoglobulin preparations (IVIg)are used for treatment of wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Versatile mechanisms have been reported to contribute to the immunomodulatory effects of IVIg. Here we demonstrate that IVIg has a strong potential to inhibit pro-inflammatory effect of extracellular heme. Indeed, the presence of immunoglobulins reduced the potential of heme to activate the complement system on the surface of human endothelial cells. Since extracellular heme is considered as one of the principal pathogenic factors in hemolytic disorders, its therapeutic scavenging by IVIg may have significant clinical repercussions. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
Q4428745 | Reconstruction of the utility building to increase the educational offer of the Foundation for Empathic Education Development FREE | The planned project aims to expand the educational offer of the FREE Foundation, thanks to the investment in the renovation of the building lent by the Opole City Hall in the wine district in Opole (ul. School 14). Thanks to the new place of activity, the Foundation will be able to increase its educational offer by new areas, including digital competences, entrepreneurship, proclimatic and ecological education, a healthy lifestyle or specialised therapies and psychological-pedagogical classes. This will be possible, among others, thanks to the creation of a computer studio, an ecological garden, educational cuisine, therapeutic and didactic rooms and thanks to the training of the Foundation’s staff from missing trainings and courses. In order for this to be realised, the lent building must undergo a thorough renovation in the first place, as its current condition is not suitable for use (it is necessary to re-install all installations in the building and bring all rooms to use). This building has not been used in recent years. In addition, the area around the building will also be adapted for use by children and young people and an ecological garden will be created there. The FREE offer will be extended by a number of extracurricular and weekend activities for interested people from all over the Opolskie Voivodeship. The recipients will be both children, adolescents and adults, for whom specialised training will be provided. The project will also purchase equipment for conducting certain classes and some staff will be trained on missing specialised courses or trainings. Most FREE staff are already trained and ready to introduce a wider educational offer — however, there is a lack of housing conditions. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1021/acsami.8b03873 | Atomistic Simulations of Geopolymer Models: The Impact of Disorder on Structure and Mechanics | Geopolymers are hydrated aluminosilicates with excellent binding properties. Geopolymers appeal to the construction sector as a more sustainable alternative to traditional cements, but their exploitation is limited by a poor understanding of the linkage between chemical composition and macroscopic properties. Molecular simulations can help clarify this linkage, but existing models based on amorphous or crystalline aluminosilicate structures provide only a partial explanation of experimental data on the nanoscale. This paper presents a new model for the molecular structure of geopolymers, in particular for nanoscale interfacial zones between crystalline and amorphous nanodomains, which are crucial for the overall mechanical properties of the material. For a range of Si-Al molar ratios and water contents, the proposed structures are analyzed in terms of skeletal density, ring structure, pore structure, bond-angle distribution, bond length distribution, X-ray diffraction, X-ray pair distribution function, elastic moduli, and large-strain mechanics. Results are compared with experimental data and with other simulation results for amorphous and crystalline molecular models, showing that the newly proposed structures better capture important structural features with an impact on mechanical properties. This offers a new starting point for the multiscale modeling of geopolymers. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1111/nph.14781 | Dose-dependent interactions between two loci trigger altered shoot growth in BG-5 × Krotzenburg-0 (Kro-0) hybrids of Arabidopsis thaliana | Hybrids occasionally exhibit genetic interactions resulting in reduced fitness in comparison to their parents. Studies of Arabidopsis thaliana have highlighted the role of immune conflicts, but less is known about the role of other factors in hybrid incompatibility in plants. Here, we present a new hybrid incompatibility phenomenon in this species. We have characterized a new case of F1 hybrid incompatibility from a cross between the A. thaliana accessions Krotzenburg-0 (Kro-0) and BG-5, by conducting transcript, metabolite and hormone analyses, and identified the causal loci through genetic mapping. The F1 hybrids showed arrested growth of the main stem, altered shoot architecture, and altered concentrations of hormones in comparison to parents. The F1 phenotype could be rescued in a developmental-stage-dependent manner by shifting to a higher growth temperature. These F1 phenotypes were linked to two loci, one on chromosome 2 and one on chromosome 3. The F2 generation segregated plants with more severe phenotypes which were linked to the same loci as those in the F1. This study provides novel insights into how previously unknown mechanisms controlling shoot branching and stem growth can result in hybrid incompatibility. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1002/mana.201400137 | The Foldy-Lax approximation of the scattered waves by many small bodies for the Lamé system | We are concerned with the linearized, isotropic and homogeneous elastic scattering problem by many small rigid obstacles of arbitrary, Lipschitz regular, shapes in 3D case. We prove that there exist two constants a0 and c0, depending only on the Lipschitz character of the obstacles, such that under the conditions a≤a0 and M-1ad≤c0 on the number M of the obstacles, their maximum diameter a and the minimum distance between them d, the corresponding Foldy-Lax approximation of the farfields is valid. In addition, we provide the error of this approximation explicitly in terms of the three parameters M,a and d. These approximations can be used, in particular, in the identification problems (i. e. inverse problems) and in the design problems (i. e. effective medium theory). | [
"Mathematics",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1007/978-981-10-9023-3_4 | First Steps Towards An Implantable Electromyography Emg Sensor Powered And Controlled By Galvanic Coupling | In the past it has been proposed to use implanted electromyography (EMG) sensors for myoelectric control. In contrast to surface systems, these implanted sensors provide signals with low cross-talk. To achieve this, miniature implantable devices that acquire and transmit real-time EMG signals are necessary. We have recently in vivo demonstrated electronic implants for electrical stimulation which can be safely powered and independently addressed by means of galvanic coupling. Since these implants lack bulky components as coils and batteries, we anticipate it will be possible to accomplish very thin implants to be massively deployed in tissues. We have also shown that these devices can have bidirectional communication. The aim of this work is to demonstrate a circuit architecture for embedding EMG sensing capabilities in our galvanically powered implants. The circuit was simulated using intramuscular EMG signals obtained from an analytical infinite volume conductor model that used a similar implant configuration. The simulations showed that the proposed analog front-end is compatible with the galvanic powering scheme and does not affect the implant’s ability to perform electrical stimulation. The system has a bandwidth of 958 Hz, an amplification gain of 45 dB, and an output-referred noise of 160 µVrms. The proposed embedded EMG sensing capabilities will boost the use of these galvanically powered implants for diagnosis, and closed-loop control. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1126/science.1240537 | The intestinal microbiota modulates the anticancer immune effects of cyclophosphamide | Cyclophosphamide is one of several clinically important cancer drugs whose therapeutic efficacy is due in part to their ability to stimulate antitumor immune responses. Studying mouse models, we demonstrate that cyclophosphamide alters the composition of microbiota in the small intestine and induces the translocation of selected species of Gram-positive bacteria into secondary lymphoid organs. There, these bacteria stimulate the generation of a specific subset of "pathogenic" T helper 17 (pTH17) cells and memory TH1 immune responses. Tumor-bearing mice that were germ-free or that had been treated with antibiotics to kill Gram-positive bacteria showed a reduction in pTH17 responses, and their tumors were resistant to cyclophosphamide. Adoptive transfer of pTH17 cells partially restored the antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide. These results suggest that the gut microbiota help shape the anticancer immune response. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2892131324 | Search for exact local Hamiltonians for general fractional quantum Hall states | We report on our systematic attempts at finding local interactions for which the lowest-Landau-level projected composite-fermion wave functions are the unique zero energy ground states. For this purpose, we study in detail the simplest non-trivial system beyond the Laughlin states, namely bosons at filling $\nu=\frac{2}{3}$ and identify local constraints among clusters of particles in the ground state. By explicit calculation, we show that no Hamiltonian up to (and including) four particle interactions produces this state as the exact ground state, and speculate that this remains true even when interaction terms involving greater number of particles are included. Surprisingly, we can identify an interaction, which imposes an energetic penalty for a specific entangled configuration of four particles with relative angular momentum of $6\hbar$, that produces a unique zero energy solution (as we have confirmed for up to 12 particles). This state, referred to as the $\lambda$-state, is not identical to the projected composite-fermion state, but the following facts suggest that the two might be topologically equivalent: the two sates have a high overlap; they have the same root partition; the quantum numbers for their neutral excitations are identical; and the quantum numbers for the quasiparticle excitations also match. On the quasihole side, we find that even though the quantum numbers of the lowest energy states agree with the prediction from the composite-fermion theory, these states are not separated from the others by a clearly identifiable gap. This prevents us from making a conclusive claim regarding the topological equivalence of the $\lambda$ state and the composite-fermion state. Our study illustrates how new candidate states can be identified from constraining selected many particle configurations and it would be interesting to pursue their topological classification. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1007/s00401-010-0715-9 | Age-related motor neuron degeneration in DNA repair-deficient Ercc1 mice | Degeneration of motor neurons contributes to senescence-associated loss of muscle function and underlies human neurodegenerative conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. The identification of genetic factors contributing to motor neuron vulnerability and degenerative phenotypes in vivo are therefore important for our understanding of the neuromuscular system in health and disease. Here, we analyzed neurodegenerative abnormalities in the spinal cord of progeroid Ercc1 Δ/- mice that are impaired in several DNA repair systems, i. e. nucleotide excision repair, interstrand crosslink repair, and double strand break repair. Ercc1 Δ/- mice develop age-dependent motor abnormalities, and have a shortened life span of 6-7 months. Pathologically, Ercc1 Δ/- mice develop widespread astrocytosis and microgliosis, and motor neuron loss and denervation of skeletal muscle fibers. Degenerating motor neurons in many occasions expressed genotoxic-responsive transcription factors p53 or ATF3, and in addition, displayed a range of Golgi apparatus abnormalities. Furthermore, Ercc1 Δ/- motor neurons developed perikaryal and axonal intermediate filament abnormalities reminiscent of cytoskeletal pathology observed in aging spinal cord. Our findings support the notion that accumulation of DNA damage and genotoxic stress may contribute to neuronal aging and motor neuron vulnerability in human neuromuscular disorders. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.3389/fphys.2019.01442 | New Drosophila Circadian Clock Mutants Affecting Temperature Compensation Induced by Targeted Mutagenesis of Timeless | Drosophila melanogaster has served as an excellent genetic model to decipher the molecular basis of the circadian clock. Two key proteins, PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM), are particularly well explored and a number of various arrhythmic, slow, and fast clock mutants have been identified in classical genetic screens. Interestingly, the free running period (tau, τ) is influenced by temperature in some of these mutants, whereas τ is temperature-independent in other mutant lines as in wild-type flies. This, so-called “temperature compensation” ability is compromised in the mutant timeless allele “ritsu” (timrit), and, as we show here, also in the timblind allele, mapping to the same region of TIM. To test if this region of TIM is indeed important for temperature compensation, we generated a collection of new mutants and mapped functional protein domains involved in the regulation of τ and in general clock function. We developed a protocol for targeted mutagenesis of specific gene regions utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, followed by behavioral screening. In this pilot study, we identified 20 new timeless mutant alleles with various impairments of temperature compensation. Molecular characterization revealed that the mutations included short in-frame insertions, deletions, or substitutions of a few amino acids resulting from the non-homologous end joining repair process. Our protocol is a fast and cost-efficient systematic approach for functional analysis of protein-coding genes and promoter analysis in vivo. Interestingly, several mutations with a strong temperature compensation defect map to one specific region of TIM. Although the exact mechanism of how these mutations affect TIM function is as yet unknown, our in silico analysis suggests they affect a putative nuclear export signal (NES) and phosphorylation sites of TIM. Immunostaining for PER was performed on two TIM mutants that display longer τ at 25°C and complete arrhythmicity at 28°C. Consistently with the behavioral phenotype, PER immunoreactivity was reduced in circadian clock neurons of flies exposed to elevated temperatures. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W1973952804 | Experimental investigation of inorganic nanofiltration membranes prepared by atomic layer deposition and sol-gel methods for saltless water softening | This study explored saltless water softening with inorganic Nanofiltration (NF) membranes prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) and a Tetraorthosilicate (TEOS) sol-gel process applied by the slip cast method. The experimental investigations were performed on different material-based inorganic NF membranes, including titanium dioxide (TiO2), alumina (Al2O3), silver (Ag) and iron oxide (Fe2O3). The experimental results demonstrated that saltless water softening can be achieved with high flux through the viable rejection of Ca2+ with an initial rate between 7.1% and 34.1% in a single pass flow through filter in a solution of 0.5 g L–1 CaCl2 at neutral pH. A maximum rejection of 28.7% and 29.5% was achieved for Ca2++ at pH 4 and pH 10, respectively. The highest hardness rejection was achieved with a 25% waste water volume. In the recirculating loop tests with the same solution, a rejection rate of 9% was achieved within 15 min at a flow rate of 0.3 L min–1. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2016.03.010 | Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mutations in Presenilin Generate Amyloidogenic Aβ Peptide Seeds | Recently it was proposed that the familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) causing presenilin (PSEN) mutations PSEN1-L435F and PSEN1-C410Y do not support the generation of Aβ-peptides from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). This challenges the amyloid hypothesis and disagrees with previous work showing that PSEN1 FAD causing mutations generate invariably long Aβ and seed amyloid. We contrast here the proteolytic activities of these mutant PSEN alleles with the complete loss-of-function PSEN1-D257A allele. We find residual carboxy- and endo-peptidase γ-secretase activities, similar to the formerly characterized PSEN1-R278I. We conclude that the PSEN1-L435F and -C410Y mutations are extreme examples of the previously proposed "dysfunction" of γ-secretase that characterizes FAD-associated PSEN. This Matters Arising paper is in response to Xia et al. (2015), published in Neuron. See also the response by Xia et al. (2016), published in this issue. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.039 | Carbonaceous aerosol at a forested and an urban background sites in Southern Finland | Submicrometer organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations were studied for one year (2007-2008) in Finland at an urban background site (Helsinki) and a forested site (Hyytiälä). Particles were collected on quartz filters that were analyzed by a thermal-optical carbon analyzer in the laboratory. Results were calculated by taking into account the positive sampling artefact and the optical correction for the pyrolysis during the analysis. Typically OC and EC concentrations were higher in Helsinki than in Hyytiälä. OC was highly correlated between the sites, whereas EC had much weaker correlation. There were no clear seasonal variations for OC either in Hyytiälä or in Helsinki, whereas both sites had the lowest EC concentrations in summer. There was a clear summer maximum in OC to EC ratios in Hyytiälä reflecting that biogenic emissions had a considerable influence to OC in summer. Same phenomena could not be seen in Helsinki as there were other major sources (e. g. traffic), which had no seasonal dependency. Traffic had a clear contribution to EC concentrations in Helsinki but in winter there were also other major sources, like residential wood combustion, that affected EC concentrations. Three cases with the high OC concentrations and one case with the low OC concentration in Hyytiälä were studied in detail. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
171656 | Startup europe partnership | Established by the European Commission in January 2014, the Startup Europe Partnership (SEP) is the first pan-European open platform dedicated to supporting the growth and sustainability of European startups able to compete and raise funds at international and global level. SEP is thereby the first Startup Europe Initiative focused on scaling up new innovative ventures, by scouting the most promising European startups and connecting them with the large and medium corporations. The latter are committing capital, seniority (involvement of heads of innovation office or corporate development) and procurement channels to support startups in different ways.
SEP was developed in partnership with key actors in the EU startup ecosystem, including leading corporates (Telefónica, BBVA, Orange), educational institutions (Cambridge University, IE Business School, Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society), and investors (AngelList and the European Investment Bank Group/European Investment Fund). To reach the goal of helping the best European startups to scale-up, SEP will initially revolve around a unique, scalable format — the SEP Matching Events, which comprise of three activities: Matching, Mapping and Sharing.
Matching- Through a series of international events where the best European startups have the opportunity to meet decision makers of corporates with a specific and concrete interest in procurement, investment and acquisition.
Mapping- In parallel with the Matching Events, relevant information about startups will be collected. The goal is to map the most interesting European startups and to track their performance and evolution.
Sharing- SEP will identify key forms of support that leading European companies provide to scale startups, including corporate acceleration, intrapreneurship, corporate venturing and acquisitions. SEP will produce and share an online repository of best practices to encourage more and stronger corporate-startup relationships. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W1654847613 | Three-Dimensional Positron Annihilation Momentum Measurement Technique Applied To Measure Oxygen-Atom Defects in 6H Silicon Carbide | Abstract : A three-dimensional Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy System (3DPASS) capable to simultaneously measure three-dimensional electron-positron momentum densities measuring photons derived from annihilation events was designed and characterized. 3DPASS simultaneously collects a single data set of correlated energies and positions for two coincident annihilation photons using solid-state double-sided strip detectors (DSSD). Positions of photons were determined using an interpolation method which measures a figure-of-merit proportional to the areas of transient charges induced on both charge collection strips directly adjacent to the charge collection strips interacting with the annihilation photons. The subpixel resolution was measured for both double-sided strip detectors (DSSD) and quantified using a new method modeled after a Gaussian point-spread function with a circular aperture. Error associated with location interpolation within an intrinsic pixel in each of the DSSDs, the subpixel resolution, was on the order of 0.20 mm (this represents one-standard deviation). The subpixel resolution achieved was less than one twenty-fifth of the 25-mm2 square area of an intrinsic pixel created by the intersection of the DSSDs' orthogonal charge collection strips. The 2D ACAR and CDBAR response for single-crystal copper and 6H silicon carbide (6H SiC) was compared with results in the literature. Two additional samples of 6H SiC were irradiated with 24 MeV O+ ions, one annealed and one un-annealed, and measured using 3DPASS. Three-dimensional momentum distributions with correlated energies and coincident annihilation photons' positions were presented for all three 6H SiC samples. 3DPASS was used for the first experimental PAS measurement of the structure of oxygen defects in bulk 6H SiC. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1039/C5CC08890A | Chirality Transfer From Graphene Quantum Dots | Chiral graphene quantum dots were prepared by acidic exfoliation and oxidation of graphite, dialysis, and esterification with enantiomerically pure (R) or (S)-2-phenyl-1-propanol. Circular dichroism studies support the formation of supramolecular aggregates with pyrene molecules, where a transfer of chirality occurs from the chiral graphene quantum dots to the pyrene. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.3354/cr01345 | Influence of climate drivers and the North Atlantic oscillation on beech growth at marginal sites across the mediterranean | European beech Fagus sylvatica L. represents one of the most commercially and ecologically important forest tree species in Europe. The study of climate-growth relationships may provide relevant information to assist projections of future species' distribution as well as forest management strategies. In this study, 9 European beech stands were selected at the rear edges of the species' distribution across an east-west gradient in the Mediterranean Basin (MB). Most of the tree-ring chronologies reached back more than a century; however we investigated the common period 1950-2012 in order to avoid past intensive management activities at some sites. The influences of temperature and precipitation on tree growth as well as their geographical patterns were investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the dominant atmospheric circulation pattern, the North AtlanticOscillation (NAO), was also assessed. The results reveal that tree growth in stands located in the western MB are limited by the combined influences of summer temperature and precipitation while stands located in central and eastern MB are mainly limited by summer temperature and show consistent lag effects on growth. The dry conditions prevailing during positive phases of the winter NAO have exerted a significant negative influence at sites located in western and central MB for the last 6 decades. However, the significance of NAO influence has generally decreased from western to eastern MB during recent decades. The results also provide evidence for the existence of carry-over effects that may be essential for the persistence and survival of some of these marginal populations. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1111/acv.12235 | Lessons from integrating behaviour and resource selection: activity-specific responses of African wild dogs to roads | Understanding how anthropogenic features affect species' abilities to move within landscapes is essential to conservation planning and requires accurate assessment of resource selection for movement by focal species. Yet, the extent to which an individual's behavioural state (e. g. foraging, resting, commuting) influences resource selection has largely been ignored. Recent advances in Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking technology can fill this gap by associating distinct behavioural states with location data. We investigated the role of behaviour in determining the responses of an endangered species of carnivore, the African wild dog Lycaon pictus, to one of the most widespread forms of landscape alteration globally: road systems. We collected high-resolution GPS and activity data from 13 wild dogs in northern Botswana over a 2-year period. We employed a step selection framework to measure resource selection across three behavioural states identified from activity data (high-speed running, resting and travelling) and across a gradient of habitats and seasons, and compared these outputs to a full model that did not parse for behaviour. The response of wild dogs to roads varied markedly with both the behavioural and the landscape contexts in which roads were encountered. Specifically, wild dogs selected roads when travelling, ignored roads when high-speed running and avoided roads when resting. This distinction was not evident when all movement data were considered together in the full model. When travelling, selection for roads increased in denser vegetative environments, suggesting that roads may enhance movement for this species. Our findings indicate that including behavioural information in resource selection models is critical to understanding wildlife responses to landscape features and suggest that successful application of resource selection analyses to conservation planning requires explicit examination of the behavioural contexts in which movement occurs. Thus, behaviour-specific step selection functions offer a powerful tool for identifying resource selection patterns for animal behaviours of conservation significance. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1098/rspa.2015.0772 | A personal perspective on modelling the climate system | Given their increasing relevance for society, I suggest that the climate science community itself does not treat the development of error-free ab initio models of the climate system with sufficient urgency. With increasing levels of difficulty, I discuss a number of proposals for speeding up such development. Firstly, I believe that climate science should make better use of the pool of post-PhD talent in mathematics and physics, for developing next-generation climate models. Secondly, I believe there is more scope for the development of modelling systems which link weather and climate prediction more seamlessly. Finally, here in Europe, I call for a new European Programme on Extreme Computing and Climate to advance our ability to simulate climate extremes, and understand the drivers of such extremes. A key goal for such a programme is the development of a 1 km global climate system model to run on the first exascale supercomputers in the early 2020s. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
172921 | Synthesis and photopolymerisation of new fluorinated macromonomers for the obtaining of high performance fluoropolymers | The PhotoFluo project consists in a consortium of three teams (two from Europe and one from Canada) committed to work for developing novel fluoropolymers suitable for optical and electronic devices, membranes for fuel cells and Li batteries, microfluidics, and biomaterials. This ambitious goal will be achieved starting from designing new perfluoropolyalkylether building blocks (PFPAE) improving safety (not bioaccumulative like perfluoroalkylics) and having chemical inertness, flexibility in a wide temperature range, very low refractive index and wettability. PFPAE will be chain extended to tune final properties; exploiting OH functionalities, these precursors will be functionalized to make telechelic macromonomers for suitable crosslinking (via both radical and ionic processes). The polymers will be synthesized by photoinduced polymerization, chosen as an efficient and eco-friendly process: the polymer formation is fast (no more than minutes compared to hours requested by thermal processes), is solvent free, is carried out at room temperature consuming low amount of energy, permits spatial resolution, as it mainly occurs in the illuminated areas. After obtaining an original portfolio of PFPAE polymers, they will be fully characterized and tested in view of innovate applications.
The project is conducted by research groups with a relevant scientific record in the fields: (i) fluorochemistry (TWU, Canada), (ii) photopolymerization (iii) polymer science (POLITO, Italy and ENSCM, France). The combination of expertises makes the objective feasible. For the implementation of the program, 24 secondments are planned to exploit the complementarities of the different expertises of each groups, to share them and to reinforce young researchers career. The project includes a strong dissemination plan to report on the results, not only to the scientific community, but also to potential users and non-specialized audience. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1111/1469-8676.12422 | Waste And The Superfluous An Introduction | The anthropology of waste, drawing on Mary Douglas’s seminal work as well as later studies of landfills, ragpickers, environmental crises and even social exclusion, is a prism through which to view and understand the crises of neoliberal globalisation. This introduction reviews the literature and identifies some themes in the anthropology of waste, some of which are explored in the subsequent contributions to this special section. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.049 | Earth's inner core: Innermost inner core or hemispherical variations? | The structure of Earth's deep inner core has important implications for core evolution, since it is thought to be related to the early stages of core formation. Previous studies have suggested that there exists an innermost inner core with distinct anisotropy relative to the rest of the inner core. Using an extensive new data set of handpicked absolute travel time observations of the inner core phase PKIKP, we find that the data are best explained by variations in anisotropy between two hemispheres and do not require an innermost inner core. We demonstrate that observations of an innermost inner core are an artifact from averaging over lateral anisotropy variations. More significantly we show that hemispherical variations in anisotropy, previously only imaged in the upper inner core, continue to its centre. The eastern region has 0. 5-1. 5% anisotropy, whereas the western region has 3. 5-8. 8% anisotropy increasing with depth, with a slow direction at 57-61° to the Earth's rotation axis at all depths. Such anisotropy is consistent with models of aligned hcp or bcc iron aggregates. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.015 | Lipid-hyaluronan synergy strongly reduces intrasynovial tissue boundary friction | Hyaluronan (HA)-lipid layers on model (mica) surfaces massively reduce friction as the surfaces slide past each other, and have been proposed, together with lubricin, as the boundary layers accounting for the extreme lubrication of articular cartilage. The ability of such HA-lipid complexes to lubricate sliding biological tissues has not however been demonstrated. Here we show that HA-lipid layers on the surface of an intrasynovial tendon can strongly reduce the friction as the tendon slides within its sheath. We find a marked lubrication synergy when combining both HA and lipids at the tendon surface, relative to each component alone, further enhanced when the polysaccharide is functionalized to attach specifically to the tissue. Our results shed light on the lubricity of sliding biological tissues, and indicate a novel approach for lubricating surfaces such as tendons and, possibly, articular cartilage, important, respectively, for alleviating function impairment following tendon injury and repair, or in the context of osteoarthritis. Statement of Significance: Lubrication breakdown between sliding biological tissues is responsible for pathologies ranging from dry eye syndrome to tendon-injury repair impairment and osteoarthritis. These are increasing with human longevity and impose a huge economic and societal burden. Here we show that synergy of hyaluronan and lipids, molecules which are central components of synovial joints and of the tendon/sheath system, can strongly reduce friction between sliding biological tissues (the extrasynovial tendon sliding in its sheath), relative to untreated tissue or to either component on its own. Our results point to the molecular origins of the very low friction in healthy tendons and synovial joints, as well as to novel treatments of lubrication breakdown in these organs. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-25264-3_5 | Stress Testing Strategic Goals With Swot Analysis | Business strategies are intended to guide a company across the mine fields of competitive markets through the fulfilment of strategic objectives. The design of a business strategy generally considers a SWOT operating context consisting of inherent Strengths (S) and Weaknesses (W) of a company, as well as external Opportunities (O) and potential Threats (T) that the company may be facing. Given an ever-changing and uncertain environment, it is important to continuously maintain an updated view of the operating context, in order to determine whether the current strategy is adequate. However, traditional SWOT analysis only provides support for the initial design of business strategy, as opposed to on-going analysis as new, unexpected factors appear and disappear. This paper proposes a systematic analysis for business strategy founded on models of strategic goals and stress test scenarios. Our proposal allows us to improve decision making by (i) supporting continuous scenario analysis based on current and future context and, (ii) identifying and comparing strategic alternatives and courses of action that would lead to better results. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2341710550 | Non-parametric Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Public Sector Banks (PSBs) in India | The aim of the article is to analyze and evaluate technical efficiency scores of public sector banks (PSBs) in India. The study also determines the nature of return to scale (RTS) of individual banks and thereby identifies the leaders and laggards in the PSBs. To measure the extent of overall technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency (SE), the non-parametric approach, that is, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to determine the causes of inefficiency. The sample of the study includes 26 PSBs operating in India during the time period from 2007–2008 to 2011–2012. The results show that although the PSBs have more or less similar efficiency scores, that is, higher than 0.900, still out of 22 banks falling in the category of efficient banks in 2007–2008, only 7 of them were left by the year 2011–2012. Overall analysis of PSBs during the time period of the study explains that a greater part of inefficiency among PSBs is attributed to scale inefficiency. In addition, the number of banks operating at constant return to scale (CRS) came down to 9 in 2011–2012 from 23 in 2007–2008. Simultaneously, there was a reduction in leaders and increase in laggards. It is suggested that banks must optimize their scale of operations and adopt technological innovations. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1364/OE.24.009693 | Limitations In Ionization Induced Compression Of Femtosecond Laser Pulses Due To Spatio Temporal Couplings | It was recently proposed that ionization-induced self-compression could be used as an effective method to further compress femtosecond laser pulses propagating freely in a gas jet [He et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 263904 2014]. Here, we address the question of the homogeneity of the self-compression process and show experimentally that homogeneous self-compression down to 12fs can be obtained by finding the appropriate focusing geometry for the laser pulse. Simulations are used to reproduce the experimental results and give insight into the self-compression process and its limitations. Simulations suggest that the ionization process induces spatio-temporal couplings which lengthen the pulse duration at focus, possibly making this method ineffective for increasing the laser peak intensity. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.10.007 | Vienna Soil-Organic-Matter Modeler - Generating condensed-phase models of humic substances | Humic substances are ubiquitous in the environment and have manifold functions. While their composition is well known, information on the chemical structure and three-dimensional conformation is scarce. Here we describe the Vienna Soil-Organic-Matter Modeler, which is an online tool to generate condensed phase computer models of humic substances (http://somm. boku. ac. at). Many different models can be created that reflect the diversity in composition and conformations of the constituting molecules. To exemplify the modeler, 18 different models are generated based on two experimentally determined compositions, to explicitly study the effect of varying e. g. the amount of water molecules in the models or the pH. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the models, which were subsequently analyzed in terms of structure, interactions and dynamics, linking macroscopic observables to the microscopic composition of the systems. We are convinced that this new tool opens the way for a wide range of in silico studies on soil organic matter. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1145/2837614.2837674 | Estimating Types In Binaries Using Predictive Modeling | Reverse engineering is an important tool in mitigating vulnerabilities in binaries. As a lot of software is developed in object-oriented languages, reverse engineering of object-oriented code is of critical importance. One of the major hurdles in reverse engineering binaries compiled from object-oriented code is the use of dynamic dispatch. In the absence of debug information, any dynamic dispatch may seem to jump to many possible targets, posing a significant challenge to a reverse engineer trying to track the program flow. We present a novel technique that allows us to statically determine the likely targets of virtual function calls. Our technique uses object tracelets – statically constructed sequences of operations performed on an object – to capture potential runtime behaviors of the object. Our analysis automatically pre-labels some of the object tracelets by relying on instances where the type of an object is known. The resulting type-labeled tracelets are then used to train a statistical language model (SLM) for each type. We then use the resulting ensemble of SLMs over unlabeled tracelets to generate a ranking of their most likely types, from which we deduce the likely targets of dynamic dispatches. We have implemented our technique and evaluated it over real-world C++ binaries. Our evaluation shows that when there are multiple alternative targets, our approach can drastically reduce the number of targets that have to be considered by a reverse engineer. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
interreg_2455 | MunServNet: Improving Sustainability of Municipal Service Provision in the Field of Water and Waste Water Management | As budget constraints of most municipalities are increasing, municipal service providers in the water and waste sector face pressures to improve efficiency and decrease costs. Additional challenges arise from legal obligations, such as EC directives to meet water quality and environmental standards as well as from rising public expectations concerning quality of service. To meet these demands municipalities need to invest in infrastructure and upgrade the capacity and know-how of infrastructure providers. Overall objective / Objectif général The overall objective of “MUNSERVNET - Improving Sustainability of Municipal Service Provision in the Field of Water and Waste Water Management” is to exchange experience and identify good practices in water and waste management in the participating regions. More specifically the operation aims to help increase service quality, customer satisfaction and environmental standards in municipal service provision. The EU has co-financed activities in the water and waste sector through various aid instruments such as Pre-accession Aid, Cohesion funds and Structural Funds. MunServNet aims to make those interventions more cost-effective, target oriented and tailored to the needs of the specific region. Expected results / Résultats attendus The operation increases the capacity of partner cities with regard to municipal water and waste management and policies. It improves the efficiency and quality of service, fosters the introduction of innovative technologies, raises public awareness and enhances capacities in project development. Activities include SWOT analyses of the water and waste sector in each participating region, analysis of innovative approaches and techniques and the identification of good practices. Based on workshops, seminars and trainings, partners develop a guidebook on the efficiency and quality of services. Dissemination activities include a joint campaign for the World Water Day. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1098/rstb.2014.0038 | Adsorption of surfactant protein D from human respiratory secretions by carbon nanotubes and polystyrene nanoparticles depends on nanomaterial surface modification and size | The alveolar respiratory unit constitutes one of the main targets of inhaled nanoparticles; the effect of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) on human health is largely unknown. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is synthesized by alveolar type II epithelial cells and released into respiratory secretions; its main function is in immune defence, notably against inhaled microbes. SP-D also plays an important role in modulating an appropriate inflammatory response in the lung, and reduced SP-D is associated with a number of inflammatory lung diseases. Adsorption of SP-D to inhaled NMs may facilitate their removal via macrophage phagocytosis. This study addresses the hypothesis that the chemistry, size and surface modification of engineered NMs will impact on their interaction with, and adsorption of, SP-D. To this purpose, we have examined the interactions between SP-D in human lung lavage and two NMs, carbon nanotubes and polystyrene nanoparticles, with different surface functionalization. We have demonstrated that particle size, functionalization and concentration affect the adsorption of SP-D from human lung lavage. Functionalization with negatively charged groups enhanced the amount of SP-D binding. While SP-D binding would be expected to enhance macrophage phagocytosis, these results suggest that the degree of binding is markedly affected by the physicochemistry of the NM and that deposition of high levels of some nanoparticles within the alveolar unit might deplete SP-D levels and affect alveolar immune defence mechanisms. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1088/0957-0233/25/6/065501 | Robust Excitation Power Spectrum Design For Broadband Impedance Spectroscopy | This paper focuses on the robust design of broadband impedance spectroscopy (IS) experiments. This contribution extends the optimal IS experiment design presented in previous work (Sanchez et al 2012 Meas. Sci. Technol. 23 085702) in order to design a robust broadband excitation which gives relatively good estimation performance over a large number of possible impedance models. To this end, we assume as prior knowledge that the parameters of the impedance model lie in a compact set. Then, we pose the experiment design problem as a convex optimization program, which gives the excitation signal of bounded power that minimizes the worst value of a given scalar function of the Fisher information matrix, as the parameters range over the given compact set. Supported by numerical simulations, our results reveal the robust excitation for impedance experiments has a discrete power spectrum, e. g. (periodic) multisine signals. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
175401 | Neocortical circuits underlying visually-guided behaviors in mice. | Many of our most common behaviors, such as reaching out to grasp an object or turning towards something of interest, require that we transform visual information into a representation that guides action. In humans and other mammals, key steps in this transformation take place in the cerebral cortex, by the cooperative action of multiple cortical areas. How does this cooperation occur? The classical hypothesis holds that cortical areas act in series, each performing a unique step of the transformation and passing on the result, like workers on an assembly line. In an alternative hypothesis the transformation occurs in a distributed fashion, with multiple cortical areas participating jointly in each step. In this hypothesis each area may function more like people lifting a table together by its sides.
To test these competing hypotheses, I propose to record simultaneously from populations of neurons in six key cortical areas in mice performing a visual discrimination task. The task is designed to separate and quantify the contributions of each area to visual perception, decision-making, and action. The results will distinguish between the two competing hypotheses and reveal the distinct – or shared – roles of each cortical area. Then, I will put these conclusions to the test by silencing neurons in each of three areas and comparing the effects of inactivation on behavior. Together these experiments will reveal the fundamental mechanisms of how cortical circuits cooperate to produce visually-guided behaviors.
I will perform these experiments in the Cortical Processing Laboratory at University College London, led by Kenneth Harris and Matteo Carandini. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2167163250 | Huge Carbon Sequestration Potential in Global Forests | Forests play an important role in mitigating climate change by absorbing carbon from atmosphere. The global forests sequestrated 2.4±0.4 Pg C y-1 from 1990 to 2007, while the quantitative assessment on the carbon sequestration potential (CSP) of global forests has much uncertainty. We collected and compiled a database of site above-ground biomass (AGB) of global mature forests, and obtained AGB carbon carrying capacity (CCC) of global forests by interpolating global mature forest site data. The results show that: (i) at a global scale, the AGB of mature forests decline mainly from tropical forests to boreal forests, and the maximum AGB occurs in middle latitude regions; (ii) temperature and precipitation are main factors influencing the AGB of mature forests; and (iii) the above-ground biomass CCC of global forests is about 586.2±49.3 Pg C, and with CSP of 313.4 Pg C. Therefore, achieving CCC of the existing forests by reducing human disturbance is an option for mitigating greenhouse gas emission. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1109/ICTAI.2014.72 | Small Unsatisfiable Subsets In Constraint Satisfaction | The problem of finding small unsatisfiable subsets of a set of constraints is important for various applications in computer science and artificial intelligence. We study the problem of identifying whether a given instance to the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) has an unsatisfiable subset of size at most k from a parameterized complexity point of view. We show that the problem of finding small unsatisfiable subsets of a CSP instance is harder than the corresponding problem for CNF formulas. Moreover, we show that the problem is not fixed-parameter tractable when restricting the problem to any maximal tractable Boolean constraint language (for which the problem is nontrivial). We show that the problem is hard even when the maximum number of occurrences of any variable is bounded by a constant, a restriction which leads to fixed-parameter tractability for the case of CNF formulas. Finally, we relate the problem of finding small unsatisfiable subsets to the problem of identifying variable assignments that are enforced already by a small number of constraints (backbones), or that are ruled out already by a small number of constraints (anti-backbones). | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
268515 | Dynamic, stem cell-mediated self-renewal in the Drosophila intestine | Cells in intestinal epithelia turn over rapidly due to aging, damage, and toxins produced by the enteric microbiota. Gut homeostasis is maintained by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that divide to renew the intestinal epithelium, but little is known about how ISC division and differentiation are coordinated with the loss of spent gut epithelial cells. This proposal addresses the mechanisms of dynamic self-renewal in the intestine of Drosophila. Our recent work has outlined a paradigm explaining intestinal homeostasis in Drosophila that could apply also to humans. A new lab is being established in Heidelberg where we wish to extend these studies. Our objectives are to understand: 1) How intestinal stem cell pool sizes are regulated; 2) How the cytokines and growth factors that mediate gut homeostasis are controlled; and 3) How these signals regulate the ISC cell cycle. Established genetic and cell biological methods will be applied, supported by molecular assays (microarrays, qPCR, ChIP/Seq) of gene control. New pathways of ISC control will be discovered via comprehensive genetic screens using transgenic RNAi and gene over-expression. In vitro culture of ISCs will be developed and used for live imaging and molecular analysis of the mechanisms controlling ISC proliferation and differentiation. These studies should elaborate a paradigm explaining intestinal homeostasis in flies that can guide studies in mammals, eventually contributing to the diagnosis and treatment for diseases in which gut homeostasis is disrupted, such as colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Because stem cell biology is so highly relevant to wound healing, regeneration, cancer, aging and degenerative disease, this research could impact human health at many levels. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2137074361 | Enabling energy efficient continuous sensing on mobile phones with LittleRock | Although mobile phones are ideal platforms for continuous human centric sensing, the state of the art phone architectures today have not been designed to support continuous sensing applications. Currently, sampling and processing sensor data on the phone requires the main processor and associated components to be continuously on, creating a large energy overhead that can severely impact the battery lifetime of the phone. We will demonstrate Little Rock, a novel sensing architecture for mobile phones, where sampling and, when possible, processing of sensor data is offloaded to a dedicated low-power processor. This approach enables the phone to perform continuous sensing three orders of magnitude more energy efficiently compared to the normal approaches. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/C6CY00433D | Synthesis Of Nano Ssz 13 And Its Application In The Reaction Of Methanol To Olefins | Nanosized SSZ-13 has been obtained from a one-pot synthesis procedure with the addition of CTAB to the synthesis precursor solution. Nano-SSZ-13 zeolite showed high intracrystalline mesoporosity and compared to standard SSZ-13 presented a much longer lifetime and higher conversion capacity for the reaction of methanol to olefins. The improved properties were attributed to a more efficient utilization of micropores by easier diffusion of reactants and products and slower deactivation by coke. A higher C2/C3 ratio was found for nano-SSZ-13, pointing to a lower deactivation of the aromatics cycle of the hydrocarbon pool. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W4281870454 | Reflexiones sobre la Educación Ambiental con enfoque territorial en el marco del posconflicto colombiano | Desde el año 2016 Colombia camina, a pasos lentos, hacia un nuevo capítulo su historia: el posconflicto. Contexto que exhorta a (re)pensar el papel de los educadores ambientales. En ese orden, este artículo tiene como objetivo conocer el concepto que estudiantes de licenciatura en ciencias naturales y educación ambiental, en zonas de alto impacto por el conflicto armado interno, poseen sobre Desarrollo Sostenible, Territorio y Desarrollo Territorial, analizando como estos condicionan su praxis como educadores ambientales. Constatando la presencia de lógicas neoliberales, extractivistas e instrumentalistas del “desarrollo” en los estudiantes, que representan una preocupación frente a la implementación del acuerdo de paz que aboga por nuevas alternativas pos-desarrollistas inscritas en lógicas comunitarias, democráticas y participativas. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2805735381 | Effect of DEE Oxygenate on Diesel in Algal Biodiesel-Diesel Blends on the Combustion Phenomenon of DI Compression Ignition Engines | Biodiesel derived from Stoechospermum marginatum is analysed in a CI engine to understand its feasibility to be used as fuel. In this study, Soxhlet extraction method was applied to extract the bio oil from the brown sea weed (S. Marginatum) with n-hexane as solvent. Considering the low FFA content through titration, base single stage transesterification process with methanol and NaOH at molar ratio of 8:1 is used and it yielded 84.5% of bio diesel. The test fuel is prepared with processed algae bio diesel and Di-Ethyl Ether in different blend ratios namely D80AB20, D70AB20DEE10 and D60AB20DEE20. The variation in combustion aspects are evaluated with constant concentration of algal bio diesel at 20% with variation in diesel and oxygenate concentrations. Consequential variation is observed in the combustion behaviour of CI engine on fuelling with test fuels. Comparable in-cylinder pressure is observed in bio-diesel blends and oxygenated blends. D70AB20DEEE10 exhibits superior heat release rate and pressure rise at all loads. The peak in-cylinder pressure and variation in ignition delay are also analysed in this study. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W2907245254 | Health risk prediction models incorporating personality data: Motivation, challenges, and illustration. | The age of big in health has ushered in an era of prediction models promising to forecast individual health events. Although many models focus on enhancing the predictive power of medical risk factors with genomic data, a recent proposal is to augment traditional health predictors with psychosocial data, such as personality measures. In this article we provide a general overview of the medical risk prediction models and then discuss the rationale for integrating personality data. We suggest three principles that should guide work in this area if personality data is ultimately to be useful within risk prediction as it is actually practiced in the health care system. These include (a) prediction of specific, priority health outcomes; (b) sufficient incremental validity beyond established biomedical risk factors; and (c) technically responsible model-building that does not overfit the data. We then illustrate the application of these principles in the development of a personality-augmented prediction model for the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment, designed for a primary care setting. We evaluate the results, drawing conclusions for the direction an iterative, programmatic approach would need to take to eventually achieve clinical utility. Although there is great potential for personality measurement to play a key role in the coming era of risk prediction models, the final section reviews the many challenges that must be faced in real-world implementation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved). | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1039/c8lc00827b | Personalised organs-on-chips: functional testing for precision medicine | Organs-on-chips are microfluidic systems with controlled, dynamic microenvironments in which cultured cells exhibit functions that emulate organ-level physiology. They can in principle be ‘personalised' to reflect individual physiology, for example by including blood samples, primary human tissue, and cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells, as well as by tuning key physico-chemical parameters of the cell culture microenvironment based on personal health data. The personalised nature of such systems, combined with physiologically relevant read-outs, provides new opportunities for person-specific assessment of drug efficacy and safety, as well as personalised strategies for disease prevention and treatment; together, this is known as ‘precision medicine'. There are multiple reports of how to personalise organs-on-chips, with examples including airway-on-a-chip systems containing primary patient alveolar epithelial cells, vessels-on-chips with shapes based on personal biomedical imaging data and lung-on-a-chip systems that can be exposed to various regimes of cigarette smoking. In addition, multi-organ chip systems even allow the systematic and dynamic integration of more complex combinations of personalised cell culture parameters. Current personalised organs-on-chips have not yet been used for precision medicine as such. The major challenges that affect the implementation of personalised organs-on-chips in precision medicine are related to obtaining access to personal samples and corresponding health data, as well as to obtaining data on patient outcomes that can confirm the predictive value of personalised organs-on-chips. We argue here that involving all biomedical stakeholders from clinicians and patients to pharmaceutical companies will be integral to transition personalised organs-on-chips to precision medicine. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/onc.2012.621 | Dual regulation of Myc by Abl | The tyrosine kinase c-Abl (or Abl) and the prolyl-isomerase Pin1 cooperatively activate the transcription factor p73 by enhancing recruitment of the acetyltransferase p300. As the transcription factor c-Myc (or Myc) is a known target of Pin1 and p300, we hypothesized that it might be regulated in a similar manner. Consistent with this hypothesis, overexpression of Pin1 augmented the interaction of Myc with p300 and transcriptional activity. The action of Abl, however, was more complex than predicted. On one hand, Abl indirectly enhanced phosphorylation of Myc on Ser 62 and Thr 58, its association with Pin1 and p300 and its acetylation by p300. These effects of Abl were exerted through phosphorylation of substrate(s) other than Myc itself. On the other hand, Abl interacted with the C-terminal domain of Myc and phosphorylated up to five tyrosine residues in its N-terminus, the principal of which was Y74. Indirect immunofluorescence or immunohistochemical staining suggested that the Y74-phosphorylated form of Myc (Myc-pY74) localized to the cytoplasm and coexisted either with active Abl in a subset of mammary carcinomas or with Bcr-Abl in chronic myeloid leukemia. In all instances, Myc-pY74 constituted a minor fraction of the cellular Myc protein. Thus, our data unravel two potential effects of Abl on Myc: first, Abl signaling can indirectly augment acetylation of Myc by p300, and most likely also its transcriptional activity in the nucleus; second, Abl can directly phosphorylate Myc on tyrosine: the resulting form of Myc appears to be cytoplasmic, and its presence correlates with Abl activation in cancer. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00792 | THz Generation and Detection by Fluorenone Based Organic Crystals | Direct study and control of material properties using terahertz (THz) frequency pulses is an emerging subject with strong potential for future applications. One aspect of the development of THz-based techniques is the search for new materials that can efficiently convert higher frequency light into the THz-frequency range and serve to detect and characterize weak THz radiation with high sensitivity. Here, the capabilities of a new class of THz generators and detectors based on diphenylfluorenone (DPFO) crystals are explored. We demonstrate that DPFO crystals have an extremely large electro-optical coefficients centered at around f 1. 5 THz which makes them ideal for THz detection at this frequency. Excitation with intense femtosecond near-infrared pulses leads to emission of narrow-band (Δf/f 20%) THz radiation near 1. 5 THz. This frequency range does not overlap significantly with water vapor absorption lines, which allows for practical applications under ambient conditions. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
CA 2010000581 W | SEPARATION OF REACTIVE CELLULOSE FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS WITH HIGH LIGNIN CONTENT | A process for separating the components of lignocellulosic biomass for the purpose of producing a pure reactive cellulose is disclosed. The process has two stages. In the first stage, the lignocellulosic biomass is pretreated with steam, with or without an acid catalyst and then pressed, with or without the presence of an eluent. to remove hemicellulose and other impurities. In the second stage, the pretreated biomass is extracted with a solvent such as ethanol with or without acid catalysts in order to remove lignin and release a purified cellulose stream. The extracted cellulose is then rapidly decompressed to rupture the fibrous structure. The process provides a purified cellulose stream that is relatively easy to hydrolyze with enzymes and ferment to biofuels and other chemicals such as ethanol. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.034 | Genetic Differences in the Immediate Transcriptome Response to Stress Predict Risk-Related Brain Function and Psychiatric Disorders | Depression risk is exacerbated by genetic factors and stress exposure; however, the biological mechanisms through which these factors interact to confer depression risk are poorly understood. One putative biological mechanism implicates variability in the ability of cortisol, released in response to stress, to trigger a cascade of adaptive genomic and non-genomic processes through glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation. Here, we demonstrate that common genetic variants in long-range enhancer elements modulate the immediate transcriptional response to GR activation in human blood cells. These functional genetic variants increase risk for depression and co-heritable psychiatric disorders. Moreover, these risk variants are associated with inappropriate amygdala reactivity, a transdiagnostic psychiatric endophenotype and an important stress hormone response trigger. Network modeling and animal experiments suggest that these genetic differences in GR-induced transcriptional activation may mediate the risk for depression and other psychiatric disorders by altering a network of functionally related stress-sensitive genes in blood and brain. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
171735 | Drivers of pontocaspian biodiversity rise and demise | Since the 1930s, the unique endemic aquatic biota of the Caspian-Black Sea region is facing a biodiversity crisis as it is severely affected by anthropogenic activities such as habitat destruction, invasive species and pollution. Understanding long-term natural biotic and abiotic drivers of lake system change and biotic response to perturbations in the past 2 Ma – i.e. gradual, rapid and/or threshold responses – is absolutely necessary to assess the current response of Pontocaspian biota to rising natural- and human-induced perturbations. The Pontocaspian example mirrors the complex global ecological and biodiversity challenge due to Global Change. This challenge can only be addressed through an integrated cross-disciplinary research involving climate, earth- and bio-sciences. PRIDE (Pontocaspian biodiversity RIse and DEmise) is a fully integrated academia-industry training network of scientists with complementary cutting-edge competences. PRIDE focuses on the evolution of Pontocaspian biota over the past 2 million years. The extraordinary endemic biodiversity, coupled with a high-amplitude record of palaeoenvironmental change, makes it an ideal system to study drivers of past and current biodiversity crises. By linking Pontocaspian palaeoenvironmental and biodiversity changes we will reconstruct biological resilience to environmental change and apply this knowledge to the current Pontocaspian biodiversity crisis to model future diversity shifts under different Global Change scenarios. PRIDE will provide outstanding interdisciplinary technical training, new skills acquisition and career development for 15 early stage researchers. An innovative outreach plan will deliver our results to stakeholders and the public. PRIDE results from existing, successful collaborative relationships and will expand to include 17 first-class private and academic geological and biological institutions allowing Europe to remain world-leading in integrated studies of biodiversity change. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2591937436 | Partisan politics, welfare states, and environmental policy outputs in the OECD countries, 1975-2005 | Building on the burgeoning literature on the association between the welfare state and the environmental state, this study empirically examines how the politics of the former has affected the development of the latter. We suggest that the size of the welfare state shapes the calculus of environmental policy costs by partisan governments. A generous welfare state lowers the costs perceived by the left-wing government, as large redistributive spending allows the government to mitigate the adverse impact of the new environmental policy on its core supporters, industrial workers. A generous welfare state also implies diminished marginal political returns from additional welfare commitment by the left-wing government, which lowers the opportunity costs of environmental policy expansion. To the contrary, because of lower overall regulatory and taxation pressure, a small welfare state reduces the costs of environmental policy expansion as perceived by a right-wing government. Our theoretical narrative is supported in a dynamic panel data analysis of environmental policy outputs in 25 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member states during the period 1975–2005. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.87.245401 | Transition between direct and indirect band gap in silicon nanocrystals | Using ground-state density functional theory we study the transition from indirect to direct band gap in hydrogen-terminated silicon nanocrystals (NCs) as a function of decreasing diameter. The studied range, from 1. 0 to 4. 6 nm diameter of nanocrystals, with spherical and Wulff-shape NCs, covers the transition from nano- to bulk regime. A change in the symmetry of the lowest unoccupied state as a function of decreasing NC diameter is observed, gradually increasing the oscillator strength of transitions from the highest occupied to the lowest unoccupied state. Real space and Fourier space characteristics of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied states are explored in detail and linked to a smooth transition from nano- to bulk regime. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-30000-9_42 | Accurate Approximate Diagnosability Of Stochastic Systems | Diagnosis of partially observable stochastic systems prone to faults was introduced in the late nineties. Diagnosability, i. e. the existence of a diagnoser, may be specified in different ways: (1) exact diagnosability (called A-diagnosability) requires that almost surely a fault is detected and that no fault is erroneously claimed while (2) approximate diagnosability (called \(\varepsilon \)-diagnosability) allows a small probability of error when claiming a fault and (3) accurate approximate diagnosability (called AA-diagnosability) requires that this error threshold may be chosen arbitrarily small. Here we mainly focus on approximate diagnoses. We first refine the almost sure requirement about finite delay introducing a uniform version and showing that while it does not discriminate between the two versions of exact diagnosability this is no more the case in approximate diagnosis. Then we establish a complete picture for the decidability status of the diagnosability problems: (uniform) \(\varepsilon \)-diagnosability and uniform AA-diagnosability are undecidable while AA-diagnosability is decidable in PTIME, answering a longstanding open question. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/C6CC09169E | A Peptide Functionalized Nanomotor As An Efficient Cell Penetrating Tool | A nanomotor based strategy for fast cellular entry and cargo delivery is presented. The concept focuses on integrating tat peptide, a basic domain of HIV-1 tat protein, with state of the art nanomotors which possess attractive autonomous properties, facilitating cellular penetration and uptake. The rapid cellular internalization process leads to higher delivery efficiency. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201730672 | Agn Feedback On Molecular Gas Reservoirs In Quasars At Z 2 4 | We present new ALMA observations aimed at mapping molecular gas reservoirs through the CO(3−2) transition in three quasars at z ≃ 2. 4, LBQS 0109+0213, 2QZ J002830. 4-281706, and [HB89] 0329-385. Previous [Oiii] λ 5007 observations of these quasars showed evidence for ionised outflows quenching star formation in their host galaxies. Systemic CO(3−2) emission has been detected only in one quasar, LBQS 0109+0213, where the CO(3−2) emission is spatially anti-correlated with the ionised outflow, suggesting that most of the molecular gas may have been dispersed or heated in the region swept by the outflow. In all three sources, including the one detected in CO, our constraints on the molecular gas mass indicate a significantly reduced reservoir compared to main-sequence galaxies at the same redshift, supporting a negative feedback scenario. In the quasar 2QZ J002830. 4-281706, we tentatively detect an emission line blob blue-shifted by v ~ − 2000 km s -1 with respect to the galaxy systemic velocity and spatially offset by 0. 2′′ (1. 7 kpc) with respect to the ALMA continuum peak. Interestingly, such emission feature is coincident in both velocity and space with the ionised outflow as seen in [Oiii] λ 5007. This tentative detection must be confirmed with deeper observations but, if real, it could represent the molecular counterpart of the ionised gas outflow driven by the Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN). Finally, in all ALMA maps we detect the presence of serendipitous line emitters within a projected distance ~160 kpc from the quasars. By identifying these features with the CO(3−2) transition, we find that the serendipitous line emitters would be located within | Δ v | -1 from the quasars, hence suggesting an overdensity of galaxies in two out of three quasars. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms3794 | Room-temperature air-stable spin transport in bathocuproine-based spin valves | Organic semiconductors, characterized by weak spin-scattering mechanisms, are attractive materials for those spintronic applications in which the spin information needs to be retained for long times. Prototypical spin-valve devices employing organic interlayers sandwiched between ferromagnetic materials possess a figure of merit (magnetoresistance (MR)) comparable to their fully inorganic counterparts. However, these results are a matter of debate as the conductivity of the devices does not show the expected temperature dependence. Here we show spin valves with an interlayer of bathocuproine in which the transport takes place unambiguously through the organic layer and where the electron spin coherence is maintained over large distances (>60 nm) at room temperature. Additionally, the devices show excellent air stability, with MR values almost unaltered after 70 days of storage under ambient conditions, making bathocuproine an interesting material for future spintronic applications. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.95.085403 | Spin precession in anisotropic media | We generalize the diffusive model for spin injection and detection in nonlocal spin structures to account for spin precession under an applied magnetic field in an anisotropic medium, for which the spin lifetime is not unique and depends on the spin orientation. We demonstrate that the spin precession (Hanle) line shape is strongly dependent on the degree of anisotropy and on the orientation of the magnetic field. In particular, we show that the anisotropy of the spin lifetime can be extracted from the measured spin signal, after dephasing in an oblique magnetic field, by using an analytical formula with a single fitting parameter. Alternatively, after identifying the fingerprints associated with the anisotropy, we propose a simple scaling of the Hanle line shapes at specific magnetic field orientations that results in a universal curve only in the isotropic case. The deviation from the universal curve can be used as a complementary means of quantifying the anisotropy by direct comparison with the solution of our generalized model. Finally, we applied our model to graphene devices and find that the spin relaxation for graphene on silicon oxide is isotropic within our experimental resolution. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
EP 84116364 A | REMOTE-CONTROLLED DOOR LOCKING SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE | Bei einer Einrichtung zur berührungslosen fernbedienbaren Türverriegung insbesondere einerZentralverriegelung von Kraftfahrzeugen ist ein durch den Fahrer transportierbarer und betätigbarer, eine elektromagnetische Strahlung aussendender Kleinsender vorgesehen. In dem Kraftfahrzeug ist mindestens ein Empfänger angeordnet, der die ausgesendete elektromagnetische Strahlung empfängt und die Betätigung der Türverriegelung auslöst. Der Kleinsender umfaßt einen Speicher (Diodenmatrix 3) für einen Code sowie einen Modulator (Encoder 1, Flankenmodulator 9, Sendestufe 16) zur Modulation der elektromagnetischen Strahlung mit dem Code. In dem Empfänger sind ein die modulierte Strahlung empfangendes Empfangsteil, ein Demodulator (monostabile Kippstufe 20, D-Flip-Flop 21) und ein den demodulierten Code mit einem in einem Codespeicher gespeicherten Code vergleichenden Vergleicher (28) vorgesehen. Mit dem Vergleicher (28) steht ein Stellglied (31) für das Schloß in Wirkverbindung. In dem Sender ist der Modulator zur Modulation der Strahlung mit einer Pulscode-Pulslage-Modulation (PCM/PPM) ausgebildet. Dem steht in dem Empfänger ein Demodulator zur Demodulation der PCM/PPM modulierten Strahlung gegenüber. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.dcn.2015.01.006 | The neuropsychology of infants' pro-social preferences | The current study is the first to investigate neural correlates of infants' detection of pro- and antisocial agents. Differences in ERP component P400 over posterior temporal areas were found during 6-month-olds' observation of helping and hindering agents (Experiment 1), but not during observation of identically moving agents that did not help or hinder (Experiment 2). The results demonstrate that the P400 component indexes activation of infants' memories of previously perceived interactions between social agents. This leads to suggest that similar processes might be involved in infants' processing of pro- and antisocial agents and other social perception processes (encoding gaze direction, goal directed grasping and pointing). | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1007/s00220-010-1133-5 | An Algebraic Construction of Boundary Quantum Field Theory | We build up local, time translation covariant Boundary Quantum Field Theory nets of von Neumann algebras Av on the Minkowski half-plane M+ starting with a local conformal net of von Neumann algebras on ℝ and an element V of a unitary semigroup ε(A) associated with A. The case V = 1 reduces to the net A+ considered by Rehren and one of the authors; if the vacuum character of A is summable, A+ is locally isomorphic to ε(A). We discuss the structure of the semigroup ε(A). By using a one-particle version of Borchers theorem and standard subspace analysis, we provide an abstract analog of the Beurling-Lax theorem that allows us to describe, in particular, all unitaries on the one-particle Hilbert space whose second quantization promotion belongs to ε(A(0)) with A(0) the U(1)-current net. Each such unitary is attached to a scattering function or, more generally, to a symmetric inner function. We then obtain families of models via any Buchholz-Mack-Todorov extension of A(0). A further family of models comes from the Ising model. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W1488138377 | Improving the Held and Karp Approach with Constraint Programming | AbstractHeld and Karp have proposed, in the early 1970s, a relaxation for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) as well as a branch-and-bound procedure that can solve small to modest-size instances to optimality [4, 5]. It has been shown that the Held-Karp relaxation produces very tight bounds in practice, and this relaxation is therefore applied in TSP solvers such as Concorde [1]. In this short paper we show that the Held-Karp approach can benefit from well-known techniques in Constraint Programming (CP) such as domain filtering and constraint propagation. Namely, we show that filtering algorithms developed for the weighted spanning tree constraint [3, 8] can be adapted to the context of the Held and Karp procedure. In addition to the adaptation of existing algorithms, we introduce a special-purpose filtering algorithm based on the underlying mechanisms used in Prim’s algorithm [7]. Finally, we explored two different branching schemes to close the integrality gap. Our initial experimental results indicate that the addition of the CP techniques to the Held-Karp method can be very effective.The paper is organized as follows: section 2 describes the Held-Karp approach while section 3 gives some insights on the Constraint Programming techniques and branching scheme used. In section 4 we demonstrate, through preliminary experiments, the impact of using CP in combination with Held and Karp based branch-and-bound on small to modest-size instances from the TSPlib.KeywordsSpan TreeMinimum Span TreeTravel Salesman ProblemTravel Salesman ProblemConstraint ProgrammingThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2562873944 | COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT RELIGIONS IN THE TRANSGENIC PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY | Today, human are able to use genetic engineering to create new organisms, which normally it is very difficult to do. These organisms that named genetically modified organisms (GMO) are very extensive applications in various sciences and technologies including medicine, pharmaceuticals, industry, agriculture… One of the most applications of these organisms is in agriculture and food production. Development of transgenic foods have made some concerns in many different aspects of ethical, social and biosafety and acceptance of the new foods. On the other hand, religious views have a significant role in the public acceptance of this technology. However, the views of various religions and their influence are different on decision making of consumers. In the present paper, the divine views of three great religions (Islam, Christianity and Judaism) are discussed in the context of transgenic technology. The studies show that there is no general consensus on this issue within the three religions. Overall, however, it appears that mainstream theology in all three religions increasingly tends towards acceptance of GM technology per se, on performing GM research, and on consumption of GM foods. However, all of them are believed on there being rigorous scientific, ethical and regulatory scrutiny of research and development of such products, and that these products are properly labeled. Furthermore, the results show that several other factors also influence the religious aspects the acceptance of genetically modified crops, such as media, environmental activists, scientists and food industries as well as all of information sources. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1039/c8dt01572d | Self-assembly of porphyrin hexamers via bidentate metal–ligand coordination | UV/vis, NMR and SANS (right) demonstrate self-assembly of Zn porphyrin hexamers (green) with bidentate DABCO (orange) into cylindrical rods (left). | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
174547 | The impact of intangible cultural heritage (ich) in formal, non-formal and informal education and its contribution to the key competences for lifelong learning in the eu reference framework | Europe’s Intangible Cultural Heritage – the skills, music, dance, drama, gastronomy, festivals, crafts, etc which have been passed from one generation to the next – is a hugely important economic and social resource. Yet this aspect of cultural heritage is poorly researched. ‘ICH-Bildung’ proposes to redress that balance and study the Impact of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) in formal, non-formal and informal education and its contribution to the Key Competences for Lifelong Learning in the European Reference Framework.
The project will consider the wider European policy debates on Cultural Education how they can be oriented to ICH education; explore social and economic indicators to measure the impact of ICH education of both individuals and communities; and explore methods for measuring the contribution of ICH experiences to education, covering quantitative and qualitative methods, across social and economic areas.
A prestigious multi-disciplinary, international consortium has been gathered to support ICH-Bildung including: UNESCO (France) which has an ICH department; the French Centre for ICH at the World Cultures Institute (CFPCI); the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany (FAU) which holds the UNESCO chair in arts and culture in education; the Tartu Environmental Education Centre, Estonia (TEEC) and the Cultural Informatics Research Group – University of Brighton (UoB) which provides considerable experience in the area of modelling the impact of cultural heritage. Each partner belongs to a different educational setting – formal, informal and non-formal.
Modelling the impact of ICH will raise awareness about the potential value of ICH to European society and allow organisations working with ICH to gain greater clarity regarding the contribution of ICH to education and society. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1038/nature22964 | MTORC1-dependent AMD1 regulation sustains polyamine metabolism in prostate cancer | Activation of the PTEN-PI3K-mTORC1 pathway consolidates metabolic programs that sustain cancer cell growth and proliferation. Here we show that mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates polyamine dynamics, a metabolic route that is essential for oncogenicity. By using integrative metabolomics in a mouse model and human biopsies of prostate cancer, we identify alterations in tumours affecting the production of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM) and polyamine synthesis. Mechanistically, this metabolic rewiring stems from mTORC1-dependent regulation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 (AMD1) stability. This novel molecular regulation is validated in mouse and human cancer specimens. AMD1 is upregulated in human prostate cancer with activated mTORC1. Conversely, samples from a clinical trial with the mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus exhibit a predominant decrease in AMD1 immunoreactivity that is associated with a decrease in proliferation, in line with the requirement of dcSAM production for oncogenicity. These findings provide fundamental information about the complex regulatory landscape controlled by mTORC1 to integrate and translate growth signals into an oncogenic metabolic program. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1063/1.4869113 | Phase Separation Dynamics Of Simple Liquids In Non Uniform Electric Fields | Spatially non-uniform electric fields can phase separate initially homogeneous mixtures of liquids. Here, we investigate the dynamics of phase separation using a modified Cahn-Hilliard equation and find three kinetically distinct regimes in the phase diagram: (1) discontinuous and (2) continuous interface formation kinetics and (3) a metastable state. By considering all possible solutions of the free energy density, we are able to map the time behavior in the vicinity of the interface as a series of equilibrium interfaces “moving” in the parameter space of the equilibrium phase diagram. The kinetic phase diagram, consequently, contains an “emergence line” that delineates the experimental conditions where a non-equilibrium interface can be forbidden from forming close to a charged surface. When the interface can form on the charged surface, an abrupt transition occurs that produces electrical signatures which distinguish the discontinuous from the continuous transition region. The third kinetic regime describes non-spontaneous phase separation and potential metastable states, and is bounded by the “electrostatic spinodal” line. The equivalent kinetic regimes exist in closed systems and can be found by considering an effective concentration in an open system. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.06.044 | One World-One Health and neglected zoonotic disease: Elimination, emergence and emergency in Uganda | This paper traces the emergence and tensions of an internationally constructed and framed One World-One Health (OWOH) approach to control and attempt to eliminate African Trypanosomiasis in Uganda. In many respects Trypanosomiasis is a disease that an OWOH approach is perfectly designed to treat, requiring an integrated approach built on effective surveillance in animals and humans, quick diagnosis and targeting of the vector. The reality appears to be that the translation of global notions of OWOH down to national and district levels generates problems, primarily due to interactions between: a) international, external actors not engaging with the Ugandan state; b) actors setting up structures and activities parallel to those of the state; c) actors deciding when emergencies begin and end without consultation; d) weak Ugandan state capacity to coordinate its own integrated response to disease; e) limited collaboration between core Ugandan planning activities and a weak, increasingly devolved district health system. These interrelated dynamics result in the global, international interventionalist mode of OWOH undermining the Coordinating Office for Control of Trypanosomiasis in Uganda (COCTU), the body within the Ugandan state mandated expressly with managing a sustainable One Health response to trypanosomiasis outbreaks in Uganda. This does two things, firstly it suggests we need a more grounded, national perspective of OWOH, where states and health systems are acknowledged and engaged with by international actors and initiatives. Secondly, it suggests that more support needs to be given to core coordinating capacity in resource-poor contexts. Supporting national coordinating bodies, focused around One Health, and ensuring that external actors engage with and through those bodies can help develop a sustained, effective OWOH presence in resource-poor countries, where after all most zoonotic disease burden remains. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1126/science.aaw4150 | Quantum gas microscopy of Rydberg macrodimers | The subnanoscale size of typical diatomic molecules hinders direct optical access to their constituents. Rydberg macrodimers—bound states of two highly excited Rydberg atoms—feature interatomic distances easily exceeding optical wavelengths. We report the direct microscopic observation and detailed characterization of such molecules in a gas of ultracold rubidium atoms in an optical lattice. The bond length of about 0. 7 micrometers, comparable to the size of small bacteria, matches the diagonal distance of the lattice. By exciting pairs in the initial two-dimensional atom array, we resolved more than 50 vibrational resonances. Using our spatially resolved detection, we observed the macrodimers by correlated atom loss and demonstrated control of the molecular alignment by the choice of the vibrational state. Our results allow for rigorous testing of Rydberg interaction potentials and highlight the potential of quantum gas microscopy for molecular physics. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
EP 2013074756 W | METHOD, SYSTEM AND DEVICE FOR SECURELY TRANSFERRING CONTENT BETWEEN DEVICES WITHIN A NETWORK | A method for securely transferring a content CT between devices (10, 20) within a network. Each device (10, 20) comprises a pre-initialized unique secret value S which is different for each device. The method comprises: an activation phase comprising the steps of:generating, by a management center (1), a network key KN common to all of said devices (10, 20), calculating, by the management center (1), an encrypted network key KN' for each device (10, 20) by encrypting said network key KN by means of a device key K which is different for each device (10, 20), transmitting, by the management center (1) to each of said devices (10, 20), the encrypted network key KN' and a device value V resulting from a preliminary cryptographic operation of the device key K belonging to said device (10, 20) by means of its the secret value S, a keys recovering phase performed by each of said devices (10, 20) and comprising the steps of: -performing a first cryptographic operation for obtaining the device key K from the device value V and from the secret value S of said device (10, 20), performing a second cryptographic operation for obtaining the network key KN from the encrypted network key KN' and from the device key K, an operating phase performed by each device (10, 20) involved in the transfer of said content CT and associated data, comprising the steps of: generating, or extracting from said associated data during a third cryptographic operation, a random value RV that will be subsequently used for the encryption, respectively the decryption of said content CT, generating a final key by encrypting the random value RV by means of the network key KN or by using said random value RV as final key either directly or indirectly as provided by said third cryptographic operation, using said final key for encrypting or decrypting said content CT. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/s11856-017-1491-1 | How far can we go with Amitsur’s theorem in differential polynomial rings? | A well-known theorem by S. A. Amitsur shows that the Jacobson radical of the polynomial ring R[x] equals I[x] for some nil ideal I of R. In this paper, however, we show that this is not the case for differential polynomial rings, by proving that there is a ring R which is not nil and a derivation D on R such that the differential polynomial ring R[x;D] is Jacobson radical. We also show that, on the other hand, the Amitsur theorem holds for a differential polynomial ring R[x;D], provided that D is a locally nilpotent derivation and R is an algebra over a field of characteristic p > 0. The main idea of the proof introduces a new way of embedding differential polynomial rings into bigger rings, which we name platinum rings, plus a key part of the proof involves the solution of matrix theory-based problems. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1039/C5CC07460F | Protein Delivery With Cell Penetrating Poly Disulfide S | The combination of cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s with biotin–streptavidin biotechnology provides a simple, general, non-toxic method that avoids significant endosomal capture and delivers proteins directly, even to the nucleoli. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W1974562940 | A connectivity model for assessment of HIV transmission risk in injection drug users (IDUs) | The purpose of this study was to produce models composed of mapping of connectivity networks of HIV transmission risk in injection drug users (IDUs). This methodology provided a novel approach and diagnostic tool for understanding HIV infection transmission risk and drug use in the typical niche of IDUs, i.e., a "shooting gallery" (a gathering site for injection drug activity). Furthermore, component IDUs may have memberships in multiple "shooting galleries" revealing subsequent interconnectivities. Charting of IDU connectivity diagrams illustrated the relationships of peripheral sites to the critical central core of high HIV transmission risk. Members of this highly interlinked and infectious central core of IDUs had high HIV transmission risk and severe drug use-producing high morbidity and mortality that resulted in great public health concern. In addition, connectivity diagrams reveal very high HIV transmission risk in component IDUs in "dual memberships", i.e., membership in more than one central core (with the highest number of partners). Therefore, IDUs with "dual memberships" were the most infectious members of the "shooting gallery". In summation, network mapping of HIV transmission risk in IDUs allows for subsequent socio-behavioral analysis and the development of focused individual and programmatic interventions. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
311751 | Brain reading of contextual feedback and predictions | We are currently witnessing a paradigm shift in our understanding of human brain function, moving towards a clearer description of cortical processing. Sensory systems are no longer considered as 'passively recording' but rather as dynamically anticipating and adapting to the rapidly changing environment. These new ideas are encompassed in the predictive coding framework, and indeed in a unifying theory of the brain (Friston, 2010). In terms of brain computation, a predictive model is created in higher cortical areas and communicated to lower sensory areas through feedback connections. Based on my pioneering research I propose experiments that are capable of ‘brain-reading’ cortical feedback– which would contribute invaluable data to theoretical frameworks.
The proposed research project will advance our understanding of ongoing brain activity, contextual processing, and cortical feedback - contributing to what is known about general cortical functions. By providing new insights as to the information content of cortical feedback, the proposal will fill one of the most important gaps in today’s knowledge about brain function. Friston’s unifying theory of the brain (Friston, 2010) and contemporary models of the predictive-coding framework (Hawkins and Blakeslee, 2004;Mumford, 1992;Rao and Ballard, 1999) assign feedback processing an essential role in cortical processing. Compared to feedforward information processing, our knowledge about feedback processing is in its infancy. The proposal introduces parametric and explorative brain reading designs to investigate this feedback processing. The chief goal of my proposal will be precision measures of cortical feedback, and a more ambitious objective is to read mental images and inner thoughts. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1039/C7TB03170J | Additives Influence The Phase Behavior Of Calcium Carbonate Solution By A Cooperative Ion Association Process | Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) has been widely found in biomineralization, both as a transient precursor and a stable phase, but how organisms accurately control its formation and crystallization pathway remains unclear. Here, we aim to illuminate the role of biologically relevant additives on the phase behaviour of calcium carbonate solution by investigating their effects on the formation of ACC. Results show that divalent cations like magnesium (Mg2+) ions and negatively charged small organic molecules like aspartic acid (Asp) have little/no effect on ACC formation. However, the particle size of ACC is significantly reduced by poly(aspartic acid) (pAsp) with long chain-length, but no effect on the position of the phase boundary for ACC formation was observed. Phosphate (PO43−) ions are even more effective in reducing ACC particle size, and shift the phase boundary for ACC formation to lower concentrations. These phenomena can be explained by a cooperative ion-association process where the formation of ACC is only influenced by additives that are able to attract either Ca2+ ions or CO32− ions and, more importantly, introduce an additional long range interaction between the CaCO03 complexes and promote the phase separation process. The findings corroborate with our proposed model of ACC formation via spinodal decomposition and provide a more realistic representation of how biology can direct mineralization processes. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/geb.12849 | Plant species–area relationships are determined by evenness, cover and aggregation in drylands worldwide | Aim: Species–area relationships (also known as “species–area curves” and “species accumulation curves”) represent the relationship between species richness and the area sampled in a given community. These relationships can be used to describe diversity patterns while accounting for the well-known scale-dependence of species richness. Despite their value, their functional form and parameters, as well as their determinants, have barely been investigated in drylands. Location: 171 drylands from all continents except Antarctica. Time period: 2006–2013. Major taxa studied: Perennial plants. Methods: We characterized species–area relationships of plant communities by building accumulation curves describing the expected number of species as a function of the number of sampling units, and later compared the fit of three functions (power law, logarithmic and Michaelis–Menten). We tested the prediction that the effects of aridity, soil pH on the species–area relationship (SAR) are mediated by vegetation attributes such as evenness, cover and spatial aggregation. Results: We found that the logarithmic relationship was the most common functional form (c. 50%), followed by Michaelis–Menten (c. 33%) and power law (c. 17%). Functional form was mainly determined by evenness. Power-law relationships were found mostly under low evenness, logarithmic relationships peaked under intermediate evenness and the Michaelis–Menten function increased in frequency with increasing evenness. The SAR parameters approximated by the logarithmic model [“small-scale richness” (b 0 ) and “accumulation coefficient” (b 1 )] were determined by vegetation attributes. Increasing spatial aggregation had a negative effect on the small-scale richness and a positive effect on the accumulation coefficient, while evenness had an opposite effect. In addition, the accumulation coefficient was positively affected by cover. Interestingly, increasing aridity decreased small-scale richness but did not affect the accumulation coefficient. Main conclusions: Our findings highlight the role of evenness, spatial aggregation and cover as the main drivers of SARs in drylands, the Earth’s largest biome. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1091/mbc.E15-02-0101 | Augmin shapes the anaphase spindle for efficient cytokinetic furrow ingression and abscission | During anaphase, distinct populations of microtubules (MTs) form by either centrosome-dependent or augmin-dependent nucleation. It remains largely unknown whether these different MT populations contribute distinct functions to cytokinesis. Here we show that augmin-dependent MTs are required for the progression of both furrow ingression and abscission. Augmin depletion reduced the accumulation of anillin, a contractile ring regulator at the cell equator, yet centrosomal MTs were sufficient to mediate RhoA activation at the furrow. This defect in contractile ring organization, combined with incomplete spindle pole separation during anaphase, led to impaired furrow ingression. During the late stages of cytokinesis, astral MTs formed bundles in the intercellular bridge, but these failed to assemble a focused midbody structure and did not establish tight linkage to the plasma membrane, resulting in furrow regression. Thus augmin-dependent acentrosomal MTs and centrosomal MTs contribute to nonredundant targeting mechanisms of different cytokinesis factors, which are required for the formation of a functional contractile ring and midbody. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1242/dev.178962 | EvoChromo: towards a synthesis of chromatin biology and evolution | ABSTRACT Over the past few years, interest in chromatin and its evolution has grown. To further advance these interests, we organized a workshop with the support of The Company of Biologists to debate the current state of knowledge regarding the origin and evolution of chromatin. This workshop led to prospective views on the development of a new field of research that we term ‘EvoChromo’. In this short Spotlight article, we define the breadth and expected impact of this new area of scientific inquiry on our understanding of both chromatin and evolution. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
978961 | Late medieval visionary women's impact in early modern castilian spiritual tradition | WIMPACT has two main objectives. In the first place, make an exhaustive research gathering the manuscripts and early printed books on/by European Late Medieval Mystic Women (13th-14th cc.) present in Castile in the premodern period (second half 15th c.-early 16th c.) and catalogue them. In the second place, evaluate the impact that those writings had, firstly, in the Castilian religious communities affected by Ximénez Cisneros Observant reform (1492-1517) and, secondly, in the Carmelite reform, accomplished by major literary figures as Teresa de Ávila and Juan de la Cruz (second half 16th c.).
The first aim will be achieved by making an in-depth search in catalogues and directly in convent libraries of Castile and other institutions with keep collections related with female monasticism. In doing this, the ER will use his philological expertise combined not only to correctly classify the books, but also to understand them in a specific reception context. The results of this first phase will be accessible by the scientific community by creating an ad hoc open access webpage. The second aim will be achieved by implementing an interdisciplinary methodology which also departs from the comparative philology, but which uses tools of different fields (especially, gender studies, sociology and religious studies) to interpret the impact of those writings had in premodern Castile.
The relevance of WIMPACT for Horizon 2020 is twofold: in the first place, it implies a comprehensive, transnational perception of the cultural history of Europe, which crosses traditionally established national and chronologic boundaries. In the second, it studies the empowerment of women, their subsequent influence in the politics of the Castilian court and the role that they had in the Observant reforms undertaken in the period. Consequently, WIMPACT will provide a novel, deeper picture of the importance of the role of women in the development of European history. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
Q2689759 | Subvention pour le fonds de roulement pour le Kromet Sp. z o.o. | Le projet concerne le soutien de l’entrepreneur à fournir des liquidités financières et à soutenir les activités en cours en raison des difficultés financières rencontrées par l’entrepreneur à la suite de la pandémie de COVID-19. Assistance financière fournie au titre du programme SA.57015 (2020/N) | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/60 | Formation Of The Wide Asynchronous Binary Asteroid Population | We propose and analyze a new mechanism for the formation of the wide asynchronous binary population. These binary asteroids have wide semimajor axes relative to most near-Earth and main belt asteroid systems. Confirmed members have rapidly rotating primaries and satellites that are not tidally locked. Previously suggested formation mechanisms from impact ejecta, from planetary flybys, and directly from rotational fission events cannot satisfy all of the observations. The newly hypothesized mechanism works as follows: (1) these systems are formed from rotational fission, (2) their satellites are tidally locked, (3) their orbits are expanded by the binary Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (BYORP) effect, (4) their satellites desynchronize as a result of the adiabatic invariance between the libration of the secondary and the mutual orbit, and (5) the secondary avoids resynchronization because of the YORP effect. This seemingly complex chain of events is a natural pathway for binaries with satellites that have particular shapes, which define the BYORP effect torque that acts on the system. After detailing the theory, we analyze each of the wide asynchronous binary members and candidates to assess their most likely formation mechanism. Finally, we suggest possible future observations to check and constrain our hypothesis. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
Q2870214 | GLOBALPLAS – Product Innovation and Diversification to Combat COVID-19 | GLOBALPLAS will invest in product innovation to reformulate its business model and produce Personal Protective Equipment internally, considered relevant products in the fight against COVID-19, namely polycarbonate visors, which will increase added value to the global market | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP01(2018)114 | The Action Of The Free 4 0 Theory | The (4, 0) theory in six dimensions is an exotic theory of supergravity that has been argued to emerge as the strong coupling limit of theories having N = 8 supergravity as their low energy effective theory in five spacetime dimensions. It has maximal supersymmetry and is superconformal. Very little is known about this intriguing theory. While the spectrum of fields occurring in its description has been given and their equations of motion in the absence of interactions have been written down, no action principle has been formulated, even in the free case. We extend here previous analyses by writing explicitly the action of the free (4, 0) theory from which the equations of motion derive. The variables of the variational principle are prepotentials adapted to the self-duality properties of the fields. The “exotic gravitini”, described by chiral fermionic two-forms, are given special attention. The supersymmetry transformations are written down and the invariance of the action is explicitly proven. Even though the action is not manifestly covariant, the symmetry transformations are shown to close according to the (4, 0)-extended Poincare supersymmetry algebra. We also discuss exotic supergravity models with fewer supersymmetries. Remarks on dimensional reduction close the paper. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/s41535-019-0207-7 | Magnetism and anomalous transport in the Weyl semimetal PrAlGe: possible route to axial gauge fields | In magnetic Weyl semimetals, where magnetism breaks time-reversal symmetry, large magnetically sensitive anomalous transport responses are anticipated that could be useful for topological spintronics. The identification of new magnetic Weyl semimetals is therefore in high demand, particularly since in these systems Weyl node configurations may be easily modified using magnetic fields. Here we explore experimentally the magnetic semimetal PrAlGe, and unveil a direct correspondence between easy-axis Pr ferromagnetism and anomalous Hall and Nernst effects. With sizes of both the anomalous Hall conductivity and Nernst effect in good quantitative agreement with first principles calculations, we identify PrAlGe as a system where magnetic fields can connect directly to Weyl nodes via the Pr magnetisation. Furthermore, we find the predominantly easy-axis ferromagnetic ground state co-exists with a low density of nanoscale textured magnetic domain walls. We describe how such nanoscale magnetic textures could serve as a local platform for tunable axial gauge fields of Weyl fermions. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1098/rsos.170349 | Do pet dogs (Canis familiaris) follow ostensive and non-ostensive human gaze to distant space and to objects? | Dogs are renowned for being skilful at using humangiven communicative cues such as pointing. Results are contradictory, however, when it comes to dogs’ following human gaze, probably due to methodological discrepancies. Here we investigated whether dogs follow human gaze to one of two food locations better than into distant space even after comparable pre-training. In Experiments 1 and 2, the gazing direction of dogs was recorded in a gaze-following into distant space and in an object-choice task where no choice was allowed, in order to allow a direct comparison between tasks, varying the ostensive nature of the gazes. We found that dogs only followed repeated ostensive human gaze into distant space, whereas they followed all gaze cues in the object-choice task. Dogs followed human gaze better in the object-choice task than when there was no obvious target to look at. In Experiment 3, dogs were tested in another object-choice task and were allowed to approach a container. Ostensive cues facilitated the dogs’ following gaze with gaze as well as their choices: we found that dogs in the ostensive group chose the indicated container at chance level, whereas they avoided this container in the non-ostensive group. We propose that dogs may perceive the object-choice task as a competition over food and may interpret non-ostensive gaze as an intentional cue that indicates the experimenter’s interest in the food location she has looked at. Whether ostensive cues simply mitigate the competitive perception of this situation or they alter how dogs interpret communicative gaze needs further investigation. Our findings also show that following gaze with one’s gaze and actually choosing one of the two containers in an object-choice task need to be considered as different variables. The present study clarifies a number of questions related to gaze-following in dogs and adds to a growing body of evidence showing that human ostensive cues can strongly modify dog behaviour. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-019-12733-1 | A novel mouse model demonstrates that oncogenic melanocyte stem cells engender melanoma resembling human disease | Abstract
Melanoma, the deadliest skin cancer, remains largely incurable at advanced stages. Currently, there is a lack of animal models that resemble human melanoma initiation and progression. Recent studies using a Tyr-CreER driven mouse model have drawn contradictory conclusions about the potential of melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) to form melanoma. Here, we employ a c-Kit-CreER-driven model that specifically targets McSCs to show that oncogenic McSCs are a bona fide source of melanoma that expand in the niche, and then establish epidermal melanomas that invade into the underlying dermis. Further, normal Wnt and Endothelin niche signals during hair anagen onset are hijacked to promote McSC malignant transformation during melanoma induction. Finally, molecular profiling reveals strong resemblance of murine McSC-derived melanoma to human melanoma in heterogeneity and gene signatures. These findings provide experimental validation of the human melanoma progression model and key insights into the transformation and heterogeneity of McSC-derived melanoma. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W275283871 | Prostate cancer risk among users of digoxin and other antiarrhythmic drugs in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial | Long-term usage of the antiarrhythmic drug digoxin has been connected to lowered risk of prostate cancer. A recent study has suggested that beta-blockers might also have similar risk-decreasing effects. We evaluated the association between use of digoxin, beta-blocker sotalol, and other antiarrhythmic drugs and prostate cancer risk in a retrospective cohort study.Our study population consisted of men in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial during 1996-2012 (n = 78,615). During median follow-up of 12 years, 6,639 prostate cancer cases were diagnosed. The national prescription database was the source of the information of antiarrhythmic drug purchases. Data were analyzed using Cox regression method with medication use as a time-dependent variable.No association was found for overall prostate cancer risk with antiarrhythmic drug use (HR 1.05 95% CI 0.94-1.18). Neither sotalol (HR 0.97 95% CI 0.76-1.24) nor digoxin (HR 1.01 95% CI 0.87-1.16) users had a decreased risk of prostate cancer. Similar results were obtained for high-grade (Gleason 7-10) and metastatic prostate cancer. Nevertheless, the risk estimates for Gleason 7-10 prostate cancer tended to decrease by duration of digoxin use (p for trend = 0.052), suggesting that the drug may reduce the risk in long-term usage (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.49-1.03). In analysis stratified by screening trial arm, the protective association against Gleason 7-10 disease was observed only in the screening arm (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12-0.84 for men who had used digoxin for 5 years or longer).Digoxin or other antiarrhythmic drugs are not associated with any clear decrease in prostate cancer risk. However, digoxin might have a benefit in long-term use by reducing risk of high-grade disease. Further research will be needed to evaluate possible effects on prostate cancer survival. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
184800 | Demonstrating synergies in combined natural and engineered processes for water treatment systems | The AquaNES project will catalyse innovations in water and wastewater treatment processes and management through improved combinations of natural and engineered components. Among the demonstrated solutions are natural treatment processes such as bank filtration (BF), managed aquifer recharge (MAR) and constructed wetlands (CW) plus engineered pre- and post-treatment options.
The project focuses on 13 demonstration sites in Europe, India and Israel covering a repre-sentative range of regional, climatic, and hydrogeological conditions in which different combined natural-engineered treatment systems (cNES) will be demonstrated through active collaboration of knowledge and technology providers, water utilities and end-users. Our specific objectives are
• to demonstrate the benefits of post-treatment options such as membranes, activated carbon and ozonation after bank filtration for the production of safe drinking water
• to validate the treatment and storage capacity of soil-aquifer systems in combination with oxidative pre-treatments
• to demonstrate the combination of constructed wetlands with different technical post- or pre-treatment options (ozone or bioreactor systems) as a wastewater treatment option
• to evidence reductions in operating costs and energy consumption
• to test a robust risk assessment framework for cNES
• to deliver design guidance for cNES informed by industrial or near-industrial scale expe-riences
• to identify and profile new market opportunities in Europe and overseas for cNES
The AquaNES project will demonstrate combined natural-engineered treatment systems as sus-tainable adaptations to issues such as water scarcity, excess water in cities and micro-pollutants in the water cycle. It will thus have impact across the EIP Water’s thematic priorities and cross-cutting issues, particularly on ‘Water reuse & recycling’, ‘Water and wastewater treatment’, ‘Water-energy nexus’, ‘Ecosystem services’, ‘Water governance’, and ‘DSS & monitoring’. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-017-04450-w | 3D Bayesian cluster analysis of super-resolution data reveals LAT recruitment to the T cell synapse | Single-molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) allows the localisation of fluorophores with a precision of 10-30 nm, revealing the cell's nanoscale architecture at the molecular level. Recently, SMLM has been extended to 3D, providing a unique insight into cellular machinery. Although cluster analysis techniques have been developed for 2D SMLM data sets, few have been applied to 3D. This lack of quantification tools can be explained by the relative novelty of imaging techniques such as interferometric photo-activated localisation microscopy (iPALM). Also, existing methods that could be extended to 3D SMLM are usually subject to user defined analysis parameters, which remains a major drawback. Here, we present a new open source cluster analysis method for 3D SMLM data, free of user definable parameters, relying on a model-based Bayesian approach which takes full account of the individual localisation precisions in all three dimensions. The accuracy and reliability of the method is validated using simulated data sets. This tool is then deployed on novel experimental data as a proof of concept, illustrating the recruitment of LAT to the T-cell immunological synapse in data acquired by iPALM providing ~10 nm isotropic resolution. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W4294719090 | Hygrophorus roseodiscoideus Bon & Chevassut: Epitypification and Updated Biogeography of a Poorly Known But Widespread Thermophilous Species | Hygrophorus roseodiscoideus Bon & Chevassut: épitypification et mise à jour biogéographique d'une espèce thermophile méconnue mais répandue. Hygrophorus roseodiscoideus Bon & Chevassut est une espèce méconnue jusqu'ici supposée restreinte aux chênaies méditerranéennes d'Europe occidentale. À l'heure où les sciences naturalistes sont entrées dans l'ère phylogénétique, l'absence de séquence de référence pour cette espèce prive les mycologues, ainsi que les experts en écologie fongique, d'un outil d'identification fiable de ce taxon. Nous solutionnons ici ce problème en épitypifiant H. roseodiscoideus avec une récolte séquencée issue des environs d'Aix-en-Provence, d'où l'espèce a été initialement décrite. Nous présentons aussi ici plusieurs récoltes séquencées d'Europe centrale et du Liban, qui étendent considérablement la distribution biogéographique de l'espèce. Sur la base de ce travail, H. roseodiscoideus se présente comme une espèce morphologiquement bien typée, thermophile, associée aux chênes sur sol calcaire, distribuée tout au long de la côte nord de la Méditerranée, depuis l'Espagne jusqu'au Levant, mais colonisant aussi les chênaies les plus chaudes d'Europe centrale. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1007/s00205-019-01368-7 | Asymptotic Density of Collision Orbits in the Restricted Circular Planar 3 Body Problem | For the Restricted Circular Planar 3 Body Problem, we show that there exists an open set U in phase space of fixed measure, where the set of initial points which lead to collision is O(μ120) dense as μ→ 0. | [
"Mathematics",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
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