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US 2016/0061879 W | OPTIMAL LATENCY PACKETIZER FINITE STATE MACHINE FOR MESSAGING AND INPUT/OUTPUT TRANSFER INTERFACES | Systems, methods, and apparatus for communication virtualized general-purpose input/output (GPIO) signals over a serial communication link. A method performed at a transmitting device coupled to a communication link includes encoding virtual GPIO signals or messages into a data packet, determining a maximum latency requirement for transmitting the data packet over the communication link, providing a command code header indicating a packet type to be used for transmitting the data packet over the communication link, and transmitting the command code header and the data packet over the communication link in a packet selected to satisfy the maximum latency requirement. A protocol for transmitting the data packet may be determined based on the maximum latency requirement and one or more attributes of protocols available for use on the communication link. In one example, the communication link includes a serial bus and the available protocols include 12C, 13C, and/or RFFE protocols. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.303252 | Microrna 133 Modulates The Β1 Adrenergic Receptor Transduction Cascade | Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system plays a fundamental role in the regulation of myocardial function. During chronic pressure overload, overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system induces the release of catecholamines, which activate β-adrenergic receptors in cardiomyocytes and lead to increased heart rate and cardiac contractility. However, chronic stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors leads to impaired cardiac function, and β-blockers are widely used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiac disease. MicroRNA-133 (miR-133) is highly expressed in the myocardium and is involved in controlling cardiac function through regulation of messenger RNA translation/stability. Objective: To determine whether miR-133 affects β-adrenergic receptor signaling during progression to heart failure. Methods and Results: Based on bioinformatic analysis, β 1 -adrenergic receptor (β 1 AR) and other components of the β 1 AR signal transduction cascade, including adenylate cyclase VI and the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, were predicted as direct targets of miR-133 and subsequently validated by experimental studies. Consistently, cAMP accumulation and activation of downstream targets were repressed by miR-133 overexpression in both neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes following selective β 1 AR stimulation. Furthermore, gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies of miR-133 revealed its role in counteracting the deleterious apoptotic effects caused by chronic β 1 AR stimulation. This was confirmed in vivo using a novel cardiac-specific TetON-miR-133 inducible transgenic mouse model. When subjected to transaortic constriction, TetON-miR-133 inducible transgenic mice maintained cardiac performance and showed attenuated apoptosis and reduced fibrosis compared with control mice. Conclusions: miR-133 controls multiple components of the β 1 AR transduction cascade and is cardioprotective during heart failure. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1101/2020.01.27.921452 | Antigenic Variation By Switching Inter Chromosomal Interactions With An Rna Splicing Locus In Trypanosomes | Abstract Highly selective gene expression is a key requirement for antigenic variation in several pathogens, allowing evasion of host immune responses and maintenance of persistent infections. African trypanosomes, parasites that cause lethal diseases in humans and livestock, employ an antigenic variation mechanism that involves monogenic antigen expression from a pool of >2500 antigen coding genes. In other eukaryotes, the expression of individual genes can be enhanced by mechanisms involving the juxtaposition of otherwise distal chromosomal loci in the three-dimensional nuclear space. However, trypanosomes lack classical enhancer sequences or regulated transcription initiation and the monogenic expression mechanism has remained enigmatic. Here, we show that the single expressed antigen coding gene displays a specific inter-chromosomal interaction with a major mRNA splicing locus. Chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), revealed a dynamic reconfiguration of this inter-chromosomal interaction upon activation of another antigen. Super-resolution microscopy showed the interaction to be heritable and splicing dependent. We find that the two genomic loci are connected by the antigen exclusion complex, whereby VEX1 associated with the splicing locus and VEX2 with the antigen coding locus. Following VEX2 depletion, loss of monogenic antigen expression was accompanied by increased interactions between previously silent antigen genes and the splicing locus. Our results reveal a novel mechanism to ensure monogenic expression, requiring the spatial integration of antigen transcription and mRNA splicing in a dedicated compartment. These findings suggest a new means of post-transcriptional gene regulation. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2009466112 | Microbial transglutaminase and its application in the food industry. A review | The extremely high costs of manufacturing transglutaminase from animal origin (EC 2.3.2.13) have prompted scientists to search for new sources of this enzyme. Interdisciplinary efforts have been aimed at producing enzymes synthesised by microorganisms which may have a wider scope of use. Transglutaminase is an enzyme that catalyses the formation of isopeptide bonds between proteins. Its cross-linking property is widely used in various processes: to manufacture cheese and other dairy products, in meat processing, to produce edible films and to manufacture bakery products. Transglutaminase has considerable potential to improve the firmness, viscosity, elasticity and water-binding capacity of food products. In 1989, microbial transglutaminase was isolated from Streptoverticillium sp. Its characterisation indicated that this isoform could be extremely useful as a biotechnological tool in the food industry. Currently, enzymatic preparations are used in almost all industrial branches because of their wide variety and low costs associated with their biotechnical production processes. This paper presents an overview of the literature addressing the characteristics and applications of transglutaminase. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
184695 | Methodological explorations between design and social sciences | The aim of this project is to explore how the repertoire of qualitative methods in the social sciences can be enriched by integrating methods and techniques from the fields of design and art to develop creative and novel modes of doing imaginative and critical research.
This project attempts addresses recent calls within some social science disciplines such as sociology, human geography, media studies, anthropology, and Science and Technology Studies, for renewed approaches to methods. Recent works within different social science disciplines have stressed the need for methodologies capable of attending to the social and cultural world as mobile, digital, messy, interconnected, creative and sensory. There have been calls for social science methodologies that not only describe the worlds they observe but also are capable of intervening in and transforming them.
This project begins from the premise that the creative, expressive, and participatory methods, techniques and practices within the fields of design and art constitute fertile ground for developing methodological innovation within the social sciences.
The project will develop a database of examples of projects that have developed interdisciplinary methods between social science and design, conduct interviews with academic researchers and industry practitioners using innovative methods conduct workshops to explore how new methodological tools for collecting analyzing and communicating research data can be developed and applied.
Ultimately, the project will develop new knowledge and innovation on interdisciplinary methods between design and the social sciences and develop new methodological tools and devices for collecting, analyzing, and communicating research data. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
949247 | The meanings of ‘voting’ for ordinary citizens, their causes and consequences | On Election Day, citizens are usually asked to vote by placing a mark besides one party and/or candidate on a ballot paper. What meanings do citizens attribute to that mark? Frequently it is assumed that citizens share the view that the mark is substantively meaningful. Yet high rates of abstention, rejection of politics as usual, distrust in election administration and integrity, and democratic backsliding now challenge this assumption. This project aims not only to provide first-time evidence on what ‘voting’ means for ordinary citizens, but also to examine variation in such meanings between individuals and across types of democracies; study how elections create and modify these meanings; and investigate their attitudinal and behavioural consequences. ‘Meaning’, in this project, refers to both the significance of voting for citizens as well as what is meant by voting for citizens, which may encompass citizen definitions or understandings of voting and/or the motivations they have for voting or not. Looking at what voting means for citizens in a variety of countries promises to provide a ground-breaking understanding of citizen-conceptualizations of representation and the psychology of voting that can challenge conventional wisdom about participation and voting as well as lead to practical implications for how elections are run and administered. In addition, the project agenda will result in an observatory devised for systematic data collection on the meanings of elections on Election Day. In the long run, this will provide a resource containing information about the political meanings given to elections by citizens themselves and can be used as a basis to refine and challenge the constructed interpretations commonly assigned to elections by the media and politicians. Citizen views are gathered via a novel approach based on a citizen-science website and inductive reasoning combined with panel data, vignette experiments and topic modelling to test causal mechanisms. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1016/j.celrep.2014.01.017 | A Synthetic Lethal Interaction between APC/C and Topoisomerase Poisons Uncovered by Proteomic Screens | The Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) cofactor Cdh1 modulates cell proliferation by targeting multiple cell-cycle regulators for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Lack of Cdh1 results in structural and numerical chromosome aberrations, a hallmark of genomic instability. By using a proteomic approach in Cdh1-null cells and mouse tissues, we have identified kinesin Eg5 and topoisomerase 2α as Cdh1 targets involved in the maintenance of genomic stability. These proteins are ubiquitinated and degraded through specific KEN and D boxes in a Cdh1-dependent manner. Whereas Cdh1-null cells display partial resistance to Eg5 inhibitors such as monastrol, lack of Cdh1 results in a dramatic sensitivity to Top2α poisons as a consequence of increased levels of trapped Top2α-DNA complexes. Chemical inhibition of the APC/C in cancer cells results in increased sensitivity to Top2α poisons. This work identifies invivo targets of the mammalian APC/C-Cdh1 complex and reveals synthetic lethal interactions of relevance in anticancer treatments. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W2190972217 | Thidiazuron increases fruit number in the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas by promoting pistil development | Jatropha curcas L. is a potential biofuel plant because the composition of its seed oil is suitable for biodiesel and bio-jet fuel production and it is able to grow in unproductive subtropical or subdesert soils. Many studies have been performed to improve the seed yield of J. curcas to meet the needs of the biodiesel industry. As female flower number is an important factor affecting seed yield, an increase in the number of female flowers through the modification of sex expression is critical to the improvement of J. curcas for use as a biofuel. In this study, thidiazuron (TDZ), a synthetic compound with cytokinin (CK) activity, was exogenously applied to inflorescence meristems in four developmental stages to study its effect on sex expression in J. curcas. The results revealed that TDZ treatments of 75 mu M and 225 mu M promoted pistil development, which significantly increased the number of female flowers along with the development of inflorescence meristems. Number of female flowers reached a peak (40.0 female flowers per inflorescence) at 225 mu M TDZ on stages III and IV inflorescence meristems. TDZ also reversed stamen abortion in stages II, III, and IV female flowers and induced bisexual flowers, which largely depends on the development stage of the inflorescence meristems. Furthermore, TDZ treatment increased the branch orders of the dichasia on the inflorescence, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. However, the total number of flowers was significantly decreased, as a result of the abortion of flower buds caused by TDZ. The number of mature fruits, which determines seed yield, was significantly increased by TDZ treatment, although this treatment resulted in a greater number of premature fruits. This study found that treatment with TDZ improved the fruit number of J. curcas by promoting pistil development. TDZ may play dual roles in the determination of flower sex, i.e., promoting pistil development and reversing stamen abortion in female flowers, which could shed light on the mechanism of sex determination in J. curcas and/or other non-model plants. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
W1982369566 | ‘Islamophobia never stands still’: race, religion, and culture | Abstract Islamophobia bundles religious, ethnic and cultural prejudices together even though a narrow definition of the term flags religion as playing the central part. Calls for decoupling religion from ethnicity and culture appear justifiable: religions are increasingly disconnected from the cultures in which they have been embedded. But established political discourse infrequently makes such distinctions and may go further to racialize cultural and religious attributes of non-Europeans through essentialist framing. Islamophobia becomes a cryptic articulation of race and racism even if overtly it appears as religiously-based prejudice. Islam has been culturalized and racialized by its adherents and antagonists alike. Survey data on attitudes towards Muslims confirm such framing: the most common grounds given for experiencing discrimination was race or ethnic origin; religion and belief system were cited less often. Racialization, race and differential racism have become more endemic to Islamophobesa sti... | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1016/j.carbon.2016.10.065 | Diameter dependence of the defect-induced Raman modes in functionalized carbon nanotubes | Covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes typically leads to an intensity increase of the defect-induced Raman mode (D mode). A large intensity ratio of the D and G modes (D/G ratio) is therefore often used as evidence for a successful functionalization. Here, we discuss the effect of the D-mode resonance on the D/G ratio and compare pristine and covalently functionalized nanotubes. By resonance Raman spectroscopy we study the evolution of the lineshape and frequencies of the D and 2D modes of samples enriched with semiconducting and metallic nanotubes in comparison with the radial breathing mode. First, we experimentally demonstrate the dependence of the D- and 2D-mode frequencies on the tube diameter and derive an analytical expression for both frequencies as a function of the diameter and the optical transition. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the contribution of the D and 2D modes for small SWCNTs disappears in covalently functionalized samples due to partial destruction. In fact, this can change the measured D/G ratio significantly and has a fundamental impact on the determination of the degree of SWCNT functionalization by Raman spectroscopy. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
Q84154 | Les ordinateurs quantiques dans un avenir proche: défis, implémentations optimales et applications pratiques | Les ordinateurs quantiques résoudront des problèmes complexes dans de nombreux domaines de la science et de l’industrie beaucoup plus rapidement et plus efficacement que les meilleurs ordinateurs classiques. La conception d’un ordinateur quantique fonctionnel est extrêmement difficile en raison de l’impact inévitable du bruit et de la décohérence sur les systèmes multiparticules quantiques. On peut donc s’attendre à ce que, dans un avenir proche, seuls des dispositifs constitués d’un nombre limité de qubits imparfaits (unités de base d’un ordinateur quantique) soient disponibles. Notre projet vise à caractériser la puissance de calcul et à explorer les applications pratiques possibles de ces dispositifs. Pour atteindre cet objectif ambitieux, nous mettrons en place un réseau de groupes de recherche en étroite collaboration traitant des aspects nouveaux de l’informatique quantique: L’apprentissage automatique quantique, le contrôle de systèmes quantiques complexes, la correction des erreurs quantiques et le problème de l’identification des ressources responsables de ce que l’on appelle l’accélération quantique | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Mathematics"
]
|
996927 | Growth balance regulation by snrk1 under aba-stress conditions | In response to adverse environmental conditions, such as water scarcity, extreme temperatures or salinity plants trigger responses that promote stress tolerance and survival at the expense of growth. Despite the negative impact of stress on crop productivity how growth is modified by stress signalling pathways is largely unknown. One major component of the response to the most devastating stresses is ABA, a hormone that triggers cellular and whole-plant adaptive mechanisms via the activation of SnRK2 protein kinases. Another major player is the energy sensing SnRK1 protein kinase, which promotes plant stress tolerance and survival through the vast regulation of metabolism and gene expression. Preliminary results in the host lab have revealed deficient ABA responses in a partial SnRK1 loss-of-function mutant as well as the physical interaction between SnRK1 and the ABA-activated SnRK2 kinases, suggesting a functional connection between these two pathways. Furthermore, SnRK1 and SnRK2 have recently been implicated in the repression of a central growth regulator, the TOR (Target of Rapamycin) protein kinase. The aim of this proposal is to investigate the interaction between these two major stress-related kinases (SnRK1 and SnRK2) and to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which they modulate growth-promoting signalling pathways in response to ABA. To tackle the functional relevance of the SnRK1-SnRK2 connection, a combination of biochemical approaches, genetics, microscopy, cell-based assays and chemical genomics will be used. To identify growth regulators downstream of the SnRK axis, targeted analyses of TOR readouts will be employed in combination with unbiased analyses of SnRK1 interactors and substrates in ABA. Altogether this project will provide novel molecular insight on the trade-offs between stress tolerance and growth/yield that may potentially contribute to more successful crop improvement. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-17953-3_15 | Integer Programming And Incidence Treedepth | Recently a strong connection has been shown between the tractability of integer programming (IP) with bounded coefficients on the one side and the structure of its constraint matrix on the other side. To that end, integer linear programming is fixed-parameter tractable with respect to the primal (or dual) treedepth of the Gaifman graph of its constraint matrix and the largest coefficient (in absolute value). Motivated by this, Koutecký, Levin, and Onn [ICALP 2018] asked whether it is possible to extend these result to a more broader class of integer linear programs. More formally, is integer linear programming fixed-parameter tractable with respect to the incidence treedepth of its constraint matrix and the largest coefficient (in absolute value)? | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1916193500 | An AIDS Prevention Strategy Involving Rural General and Dental Practitioners | Primary health care personnel are ideally, situated to participate in AIDS prevention but are not effectively trained to do so. A survey is described in which GPs and dental practitioners were given literature on AIDS as well as condoms the distribution. After 6 months these doctors and dentists were evaluated and the overall results were very encouraging: a good response rate was achieved, most doctors used the information and found it useful and almost all would value continued education in this field. Larger scale intentions of this kind could be of great value in
equipping a larger group of health care personnel in this field, especially medical benefit scheme personnel: a large avenue which already exists covering about 1,3 million beneficiaries. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
280106 | Crystallisation Systems Engineering – Towards a next generation of intelligent crystallisation systems | The project proposes the development of an intelligent crystallisation system by combining state-of-the-art process analytical technologies and novel model-based and statistical feedback control approaches, to provide a fully integrated and adaptive system for efficient engineering of particulate products. The developed adaptive and robust control approaches will be incorporated in a Crystallisation Process Informatics System, to provide an intelligent decision support system, which triggers the suitable control algorithm taking into account the effect of crystallisation on the downstream processing units and final product properties. In this way crystallisation becomes a key intelligent “process actuator” in the whole production system, that manipulates final properties of the solid product taking into account operational, regulatory and economic constraints of the entire process, opening the way towards novel product engineering approaches. The project will bring the implementation of a new generation of integrated, intensified and intelligent crystallisation systems with drastically improved flexibility, predictability, stability and controllability. The system will be used for detailed evaluation of the current paradigm shift from batch to continuous processes in the pharmaceutical industries. Besides providing a breakthrough in crystallisation science the results could revolutionise the methods in which crystallisation will be designed and controlled in the future, yielding to the development of the emerging research field of Pharmaceutical Systems Engineering, by providing a comprehensive framework for the development of novel integrated pharmaceutical production units and product engineering technologies, for sustainable pharmaceutical production, with the aim of reducing time-to-market and increasing product quality, therefore providing considerable increase in quality of life, for example, by making new products available more quickly and at lower cost. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
175297 | The race, class and gender of transnational urban labour: romanian workers in the cities of london and nyc | The workings of globalization depend on international labor migration, a phenomenon that is hardly recent but that is, instead, embedded in histories of colonialism, decolonization and neocolonization, divergent conditions of democracy, totalitarianism, militarism and exploitation, as well as in persistent structures of economic disparity among the formal colonial powers and the decolonized world. Contemporary labor migration—the flows of people in search of labor crossing national boundaries, deeply impacts and transforms the social, economic, political, cognitive and affective landscapes of contemporary life. This project will consider these transformations by examining the transnational migrant labor of workers from Romania such as it unfolds at two central sites of global capitalism, London-U.K. and New York-U.S. The research will feature an historical analysis of the immigrant Romanian labor presence at these sites, while its time frame covers the interval starting in 1989 up to the present day. While labor migration has been a subject of interest for economists, political theorists, geographers, anthropologists and cultural theorists alike, its relevance to affective theory and neoliberal critiques have only recently been addressed. My project seeks to address an analytic gap that refers to the affective dimension of migrational labor by considering not only the economic, political, and historical contexts, but also the impact that immigrants’ transnational journeys in search for work and their landing in new spaces have on their intimate lives alongside co-nationals as well as alongside other dwellers in the global city. The research project will draw upon recent global changes, more precisely on the global economic crisis, the continued neoliberalization of economies and the pressures towards securitization that affect the cities of London and New York and thus implicitly impact on the lives of immigrant laborers. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319620 | Longitudinal metabolic and gut bacterial profiling of pregnant women with previous bariatric surgery | ObjectiveDue to the global increase in obesity rates and success of bariatric surgery in weight reduction, an increasing number of women now present pregnant with a previous bariatric procedure. This study investigates the extent of bariatric-associated metabolic and gut microbial alterations during pregnancy and their impact on fetal development. DesignA parallel metabonomic (molecular phenotyping based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and gut bacterial (16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing) profiling approach was used to determine maternal longitudinal phenotypes associated with malabsorptive/mixed (n=25) or restrictive (n=16) procedures, compared with women with similar early pregnancy body mass index but without bariatric surgery (n=70). Metabolic profiles of offspring at birth were also analysed. ResultsPrevious malabsorptive, but not restrictive, procedures induced significant changes in maternal metabolic pathways involving branched-chain and aromatic amino acids with decreased circulation of leucine, isoleucine and isobutyrate, increased excretion of microbial-associated metabolites of protein putrefaction (phenylacetlyglutamine, p-cresol sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and p-hydroxyphenylacetate), and a shift in the gut microbiota. The urinary concentration of phenylacetylglutamine was significantly elevated in malabsorptive patients relative to controls (p=0. 001) and was also elevated in urine of neonates born from these mothers (p=0. 021). Furthermore, the maternal metabolic changes induced by malabsorptive surgery were associated with reduced maternal insulin resistance and fetal/birth weight. ConclusionMetabolism is altered in pregnant women with a previous malabsorptive bariatric surgery. These alterations may be beneficial for maternal outcomes, but the effect of elevated levels of phenolic and indolic compounds on fetal and infant health should be investigated further. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1145/3178876.3186043 | Incentive Compatible Diffusion | Our work bridges the literature on incentive-compatible mechanism design and the literature on diffusion algorithms. We introduce the study of finding an incentive-compatible (strategy-proof) mechanism for selecting an influential vertex in a directed graph (e. g. Twitter»s network). The goal is to devise a mechanism with a bounded ratio between the maximal influence and the influence of the selected user, and in which no user can improve its probability of being selected by following or unfollowing other users. We introduce the Two Path mechanism which is based on the idea of selecting the vertex that is the first intersection of two independent random walks in the network. The Two Path mechanism is incentive compatible on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), and has a finite approximation ratio on natural subfamilies of DAGs. Simulations indicate that this mechanism is suitable for practical uses. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1088/0031-8949/91/6/063007 | Perspectives for quantum interference with biomolecules and biomolecular clusters | Modern quantum optics encompasses a wide field of phenomena that are either related to the discrete quantum nature of light, the quantum wave nature of matter or light-matter interactions. We here discuss new perspectives for quantum optics with biological nanoparticles. We focus in particular on the prospects of matter-wave interferometry with amino acids, nucleotides, polypeptides or DNA strands. We motivate the challenge of preparing these objects in a 'biomimetic' environment and argue that hydrated molecular beam sources are promising tools for quantum-assisted metrology. The method exploits the high sensitivity of matter-wave interference fringes to dephasing and shifts in the presence of external perturbations to access and determine molecular properties. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
interreg_618 | Introduction of Regional Energy Concepts | The classic central energy systems based on fossil fuels and nuclear power have a central supply distributing the energy to the consumers. Contrary to this, renewable energies and energy efficiency need the action of many persons, citizens, municipalities and enterprises in order to succeed. In addition the acceptance of the population plays important role in the change towards renewable energies. Subjects like wind energy turbines in a tourist region already spark controversial discussions among the citizens. The aim of the project is to overcome this skepticism of the public to renewable energies in general and to foster consensus on their use by public. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1002/anie.201305402 | An unstable paramagnetic isopolyoxomolybdate intermediate non-homogeneously reduced at different sites and trapped in a host based on chemical adaptability | Stabilize me: A metal oxide host with a trapped unstable {Mo 36}-type polyoxomolybdate guest exhibits independent reduced diamagnetic building blocks and paramagnetic centers (both types with colors other than the dark blue of the Mo centers). The guest in such systems is stabilized especially by a hydrogen-bond network between the core and the shell. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
EP 12008564 A | Speed control apparatus and program for speed control apparatus; and automatic vehicle driving apparatus, engine dynamo control apparatus, and control programs used for respective apparatuses | In order to further improve followability of an actual vehicle speed with respect to a commanded vehicle speed at a starting time point, the present invention is provided with a vehicle speed control part (46X) that, a predetermined time before the starting time point that is a time when the commanded vehicle speed rises from zero, sets a clutch position of a vehicle to an initial intermediate position where power is partially transmitted, and at and during a certain period of time after the starting time point, performs clutch feedback control that changes the clutch position depending on a deviation between the actual vehicle speed and the commanded vehicle speed so as to make the actual vehicle speed follow the commanded vehicle speed, wherein the vehicle speed control part sets the initial intermediate position depending on rising commanded acceleration that is a time rate of change at the time when a value of the commanded vehicle speed rises from zero.
| [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W4223986755 | ¿Quién susurra al oído de los presidentes? Una explicación partidista a la asesoría de amigos y familiares. Ecuador en perspectiva comparada | ¿Quién susurra al oído de los presidentes?Una explicación partidista a la asesoría de amigos y familiares. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
228045 | Open intelligent systems for Future Autonomous Vehicles | The objective of this proposal is the development of an open architecture for future autonomous vehicles to become a standard platform shared by car makers in the design of next generation intelligent vehicles. It is based on 360 degrees sensorial suite which includes perceptual and decision making modules, with the ultimate goal of providing the vehicle with autonomous driving capabilities and/or supervise the driver's behavior. The perception module also includes vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure subsystems, to increment the vehicle s sensing capabilities. The research is based on the extended know-how and experience of the Principal Investigator s group at the Univ of Parma, which already marked fundamental milestones worldwide in the field of vehicular robotics. Car manufacturers and automotive suppliers are extremely interested in this research stream, but at the same time are very cautious in investing in long term and risky research like this. Besides providing clear advantages on safety for road users, the availability of an open architecture will encourage and make possible the sharing of knowledge between public and private research communities (academic and automotive industry) and thus speed up the design of a standard platform for future vehicles. Further research steps will be eased -and therefore made more effective-thanks to the common and open architectural layer proposed by this project. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-019-10794-w | WDFY2 restrains matrix metalloproteinase secretion and cell invasion by controlling VAMP3-dependent recycling | Cancer cells secrete matrix metalloproteinases to remodel the extracellular matrix, which enables them to overcome tissue barriers and form metastases. The membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP (MMP14) is internalized by endocytosis and recycled in endosomal compartments. It is largely unknown how endosomal sorting and recycling of MT1-MMP are controlled. Here, we show that the endosomal protein WDFY2 controls the recycling of MT1-MMP. WDFY2 localizes to endosomal tubules by binding to membranes enriched in phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). We identify the v-SNARE VAMP3 as an interaction partner of WDFY2. WDFY2 knockout causes a strong redistribution of VAMP3 into small vesicles near the plasma membrane. This is accompanied by increased, VAMP3-dependent secretion of MT1-MMP, enhanced degradation of extracellular matrix, and increased cell invasion. WDFY2 is frequently lost in metastatic cancers, most predominantly in ovarian and prostate cancer. We propose that WDFY2 acts as a tumor suppressor by serving as a gatekeeper for VAMP3 recycling. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.91.245154 | Quantum Monte Carlo for correlated out-of-equilibrium nanoelectronic devices | We present a simple, general purpose, quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for out-of-equilibrium interacting nanoelectronic systems. It allows one to systematically compute the expansion of any physical observable (such as current or density) in powers of the electron-electron interaction coupling constant U. It is based on the out-of-equilibrium Keldysh Green's function formalism in real-time and corresponds to evaluating all the Feynman diagrams to a given order Un (up to n=15 in the present work). A key idea is to explicitly sum over the Keldysh indices in order to enforce the unitarity of the time evolution. The coefficients of the expansion can easily be obtained for long-time, stationary regimes, even at zero temperature. We then illustrate our approach with an application to the Anderson model, an archetype interacting mesoscopic system. We recover various results of the literature such as the spin susceptibility or the "Kondo ridge" in the current-voltage characteristics. In this case, we found the Monte Carlo free of the sign problem even at zero temperature, in the stationary regime and in absence of a particle-hole symmetry. The main limitation of the method is the lack of convergence of the expansion in U for large U, i. e. , a mathematical property of the model rather than a limitation of the Monte Carlo algorithm. Standard extrapolation methods of divergent series can be used to evaluate the series in the strong correlation regime. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W1561691590 | Why Do We Do As We Do? Factors Influencing Clinical Reasoning and Decision-Making among Physiotherapists in an Acute Setting | Despite the current movement for health-care to become more informed by evidence, knowledge on effective implementation of evidence-based practice is scarce. To improve research application among physiotherapists, the process of implementation and clinical reasoning needs to be scrutinized. The aim of this study was to identify various experiences of factors that influence the physiotherapist's clinical reasoning in specialist care.A phenomenographic approach was chosen.Eleven physiotherapists at two acute care hospitals in nn.Data was obtained by observations and interviews. Phenomenographic data analysis identified various experiences of clinical decision-making.The Ethical Review Board of the nn approved the study.The observations and the interviews enabled identification of various experiences that influenced clinical decision-making. The physiotherapists' clinical reasoning was perceived to be constrained by contextual factors. The physiotherapists collected current information on the patient by using written and verbal information exchange and used this to generate an inner picture of the patient. By creating hypotheses that were accepted or rejected, they made decisions in advance of their interventions. The decisions were influenced by the individual characteristics of the physiotherapist, his/her knowledge and patient perceptions.Clinical reasoning is a complex and constantly evolving process. Contextual factors such as economy and politics are not easily changed, but factors such as the patient and the physiotherapist as a person are more tangible. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W4293490162 | A non-linear analysis of the impacts of natural resources and education on environmental quality: Green energy and its role in the future | Human accomplishments have increased the complexity and interconnectedness of environmental threats, resulting in widespread effects on people, ecosystems, and economies worldwide. In addition to overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation, humans also impact the physical environment in many ways. These changes have contributed to climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water. We investigate the linear and non-linear effects of natural resources and education on CO2 emissions in the Latin American (LA) group of nations considering the roles of green energy, foreign remittances, and economic growth from 1990 to 2020. We have developed a comprehensive empirical analysis that applied second-generation advanced econometric methodologies in this study. The results of this research disclosed that natural resources pose a non-linear impact on environmental quality. The low level of natural resources benefits the environment in the LA panel, but higher use of natural resources ultimately intensifies CO2 emissions. Hence, a U-shaped association between natural resources and CO2 emissions is found in the LA panel. In the linear model, natural resources also boost CO2 emissions. Alongside this, education also intensifies CO2 emissions in the selected sample. Green energy and remittances mitigate CO2 emissions and thereby improve environmental quality. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1109/LMWC.2017.2701336 | Long Term Monitoring Of Skin Recovery By Micromachined Microwave Near Field Probe | The water content in the epidermis correlates with different pathologic states of the skin; thus its assessment can aid the diagnosis and monitoring of conditions such as inflammation, edema, burns, and skin cancer. A micromachined microwave near-field probe, operating from 90 to 106 GHz, which, in contrast to earlier used microwave probes, has a minimized sensing area of $0. 6\,\,\text {mm} \times 0. 5$ mm and an optimized sensing depth of 400 $\mu \text{m}$ in tissue, has been developed and technically characterized by the authors earlier. This letter reports on the long-term monitoring of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-induced skin irritations with the micromachined microwave probe. Aqueous solutions with 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% SLS were applied to the forearm of a volunteer for 24 h and microwave reflection measurements were taken before and during 11 days after the SLS application. For all SLS-treated spots the microwave absorption reached the highest levels of 4 to 7 days after SLS application and afterward converged toward baseline levels again. The observed biphasic progression of the microwave reflection signal agrees well with trends from the literature for capacitance measurements and for epidermal thickness and signal attenuation in optical coherence tomography after SLS exposure. The measurements indicate that the microwave probe is very suitable to determine changes in the water content in the epidermis and can aid in the diagnosis of pathologic conditions including skin cancer. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.gr.2015.08.003 | A plate tectonic scenario for the Iapetus and Rheic oceans | The tectonics, dynamics, and biogeographic landscape of the early Paleozoic were dominated by the opening and expansion of one large ocean—the Rheic—and the diminution to terminal closure of another—Iapetus. An understanding of the evolution of these oceans is thus central to an understanding of the early Paleozoic, but their chronicle also presents a rich temporal profile of the Wilson cycle, illustrating continental-scale rifting, microcontinent formation, ocean basin development, arc accretion, and continent–continent collision. Nevertheless, contemporary paleogeographic models of the Iapetus and Rheic oceans remain mostly schematic or spatiotemporally disjointed, which limits their utility and hinders their testing. Moreover, many of the important kinematic and dynamic aspects of the evolution of these oceans are impossible to unambiguously resolve from a conceptual perspective and the existing models unsurprisingly present a host of contradictory scenarios. With the specific aim to resolve some of the uncertainties in the evolution of this early Paleozoic domain, and a broader aim to instigate the application of quantitative kinematic models to the early Paleozoic, I present a new plate tectonic model for the Iapetus and Rheic oceans. The model has realistic tectonic plates, which include oceanic lithosphere, that are defined by explicit and rigorously managed plate boundaries, the nature and kinematics of which are derived from geological evidence and plate tectonic principles. Accompanying the presentation and discussion of the plate model, an extensive review of the underlying geological and paleogeographic data is also presented. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
US 2012/0046747 W | BICYCLE LIGHTING SYSTEMS AND METHODS | Systems and methods for providing adequate lighting and sighting for a bicycle are disclosed. A lighting system that includes an illumination ring configured to be coupled to a wheel is also disclosed. The illumination ring is configured to simultaneously project light forward and to the side of a front wheel and to project light rearward of and to the side of a rear wheel. The illumination ring may be mounted to or integrated with the bicycle wheel. Methods of controlling light sources on the illumination ring are also disclosed. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.09.015 | Chromatin regulation and non-coding RNAs at mammalian telomeres | In eukaryotes, terminal chromosome repeats are bound by a specialized nucleoprotein complex that controls telomere length and protects chromosome ends from DNA repair and degradation. In mammals the "shelterin" complex mediates these central functions at telomeres. In the recent years it has become evident that also the heterochromatic structure of mammalian telomeres is implicated in telomere length regulation. Impaired telomeric chromatin compaction results in a loss of telomere length control. Progressive telomere shortening affects chromatin compaction at telomeric and subtelomeric repeats and activates alternative telomere maintenance mechanisms. Dynamics of chromatin structure of telomeres during early mammalian development and nuclear reprogramming further indicates a central role of telomeric heterochromatin in organismal development. In addition, the recent discovery that telomeres are transcribed, giving rise to UUAGGG-repeat containing TelRNAs/TERRA, opens a new level of chromatin regulation at telomeres. Understanding the links between the epigenetic status of telomeres, TERRA/TelRNA and telomere homeostasis will open new avenues for our understanding of organismal development, cancer and ageing. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1111/gcb.12983 | Bridging the gap between omics and earth system science to better understand how environmental change impacts marine microbes | The advent of genomic-, transcriptomic- and proteomic-based approaches has revolutionized our ability to describe marine microbial communities, including biogeography, metabolic potential and diversity, mechanisms of adaptation, and phylogeny and evolutionary history. New interdisciplinary approaches are needed to move from this descriptive level to improved quantitative, process-level understanding of the roles of marine microbes in biogeochemical cycles and of the impact of environmental change on the marine microbial ecosystem. Linking studies at levels from the genome to the organism, to ecological strategies and organism and ecosystem response, requires new modelling approaches. Key to this will be a fundamental shift in modelling scale that represents micro-organisms from the level of their macromolecular components. This will enable contact with omics data sets and allow acclimation and adaptive response at the phenotype level (i. e. traits) to be simulated as a combination of fitness maximization and evolutionary constraints. This way forward will build on ecological approaches that identify key organism traits and systems biology approaches that integrate traditional physiological measurements with new insights from omics. It will rely on developing an improved understanding of ecophysiology to understand quantitatively environmental controls on microbial growth strategies. It will also incorporate results from experimental evolution studies in the representation of adaptation. The resulting ecosystem-level models can then evaluate our level of understanding of controls on ecosystem structure and function, highlight major gaps in understanding and help prioritize areas for future research programs. Ultimately, this grand synthesis should improve predictive capability of the ecosystem response to multiple environmental drivers. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1134/S1560354713060178 | Aspects Of The Planetary Birkhoff Normal Form | The discovery of the Birkhoff normal form around circular, co-planar motions for the planetary system opened new insights and hopes for the comprehension of the dynamics of this problem. Remarkably, it allowed to give a direct proof (after the proof in [18]) of the celebrated Arnold’s Theorem [5] on the stability of planetary motions. In this paper, after reviewing the story of the proof of this theorem, we focus on technical aspects of this normal form. We develop an asymptotic formula for it that may turn to be useful in applications. Then we provide two simple applications to the three-body problem: we prove that the “density” of the Kolmogorov set of the spatial three-body problem does not depend on eccentricities and the mutual inclination but depends only on the planets’ masses and the separation among semi-axes (going in the direction of an assertion by V. I. Arnold [5]) and, using Nehorosev Theory [33], we prove, in the planar case, stability of all planetary actions over exponentiallylong times, provided mean-motion resonances are excluded. We also briefly discuss difficulties for full generalization of the results in the paper. | [
"Mathematics",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-24310-3_4 | Time Bounded Verification Of Ctmcs Against Real Time Specifications | In this paper we study time-bounded verification of a finite continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) C against a real-time specification, provided either as a metric temporal logic (MTL) property φ, or as a timed automaton (TA) A. The key question is: what is the probability of the set of timed paths of C that satisfy φ (or are accepted by A) over a time interval of fixed, bounded length? We provide approximation algorithms to solve these problems. We first derive a bound N such that timed paths of C with at most N discrete jumps are sufficient to approximate the desired probability up to e. Then, for each discrete (untimed) path σ of length at most N, we generate timed constraints over variables determining the residence time of each state along σ, depending on the realtime specification under consideration. The probability of the set of timed paths, determined by the discrete path and the associated timed constraints, can thus be formulated as a multidimensional integral. Summing up all such probabilities yields the result. For MTL, we consider both the continuous and the pointwise semantics. The approximation algorithms differ mainly in constraints generation for the two types of specifications. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-019-13702-4 | Cooperative ordering of treadmilling filaments in cytoskeletal networks of FtsZ and its crosslinker ZapA | During bacterial cell division, the tubulin-homolog FtsZ forms a ring-like structure at the center of the cell. This Z-ring not only organizes the division machinery, but treadmilling of FtsZ filaments was also found to play a key role in distributing proteins at the division site. What regulates the architecture, dynamics and stability of the Z-ring is currently unknown, but FtsZ-associated proteins are known to play an important role. Here, using an in vitro reconstitution approach, we studied how the well-conserved protein ZapA affects FtsZ treadmilling and filament organization into large-scale patterns. Using high-resolution fluorescence microscopy and quantitative image analysis, we found that ZapA cooperatively increases the spatial order of the filament network, but binds only transiently to FtsZ filaments and has no effect on filament length and treadmilling velocity. Together, our data provides a model for how FtsZ-associated proteins can increase the precision and stability of the bacterial cell division machinery in a switch-like manner. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.027 | Partitioning of trace elements and metals between quasi-ultrafine, accumulation and coarse aerosols in indoor and outdoor air in schools | Particle size distribution patterns of trace elements and metals across three size fractions (<0. 25μm, quasi-ultrafine particles, q-UF; 0. 25-2. 5μm, accumulation particles; 2. 5-10μm, coarse particles) were analysed in indoor and outdoor air at 39 primary schools across Barcelona (Spain). Special attention was paid to emission sources in each particle size range. Results evidenced the presence in q-UF particles of high proportions of elements typically found in coarse PM (Ca, Al, Fe, Mn or Na), as well as several potentially health-hazardous metals (Mn, Cu, Sn, V, Pb). Modal shifts (e. g. , from accumulation to coarse or q-UF particles) were detected when particles infiltrated indoors, mainly for secondary inorganic aerosols. Our results indicate that the location of schools in heavily trafficked areas increases the abundance of q-UF particles, which infiltrate indoors quite effectively, and thus may impact children exposure to these health-hazardous particles. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
771201 | Feeling Polarity: Integrating intracellular mechanics and forces for a biophysical understanding of epithelial polarity | Epithelial polarity is one of the most fundamental types of cellular organization, and correct cellular polarization is vital for all epithelial tissue. Failure to establish polarity leads to severe phenotypes, from catastrophic developmental deficiencies to life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Despite knowing much about the signalling and trafficking machinery vital for polarity, we lack quantitative knowledge about the intracellular mechanical processes which organize and stabilize epithelial polarity. This presents a critical knowledge gap, as any elaborated understanding of intracellular organization needs to include the forces and viscoelastic mechanical properties that position organelles and proteins. As such, the main aim of POLARIZEME is to determine the intracellular mechanical processes relevant for epithelial polarization, thus providing a mechanical understanding of polarity. We will combine advanced optical tweezers technology with cutting-edge molecular biology tools to rigorously test new intracellular transport concepts such as the active, diffusion-like forces that can position organelles or the recently introduced cortical actin flows that can drag polarity-defining proteins around the cell. Thus we propose (i) to quantify active forces and intracellular mechanics and their relation to organelle positioning, (ii) to quantify polarized cortical and cytoplasmic flows, and (iii) to measure the forces and mechanical obstacles relevant for direct vesicle trafficking. These quantitative biophysics experiments will be supported by mathematical modelling and the development of two new instruments which (a) allow for automated intracellular mechanics measurements over extended time periods and (b) combine multi-view light-sheet microscopy with optical tweezers and UV ablation. Overall, we will provide a new access to understand and describe polarity by merging the physical and biological aspects of its initiation, maintenance and stability. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
695351 | From Chemical Bond Forces and Breakage to Macroscopic Fracture of Soft Materials | Soft materials are irreplaceable in engineering applications where large reversible deformations are needed, and in life sciences to mimic ever more closely or replace a variety of living tissues. While mechanical strength may not be essential for all applications, excessive brittleness is a strong limitation. Yet predicting if a soft material will be tough or brittle from its molecular composition or structure relies on empirical concepts due to the lack of proper tools to detect the damage occurring to the material before it breaks. Taking advantage of the recent advances in materials science and mechanochemistry, we propose a ground-breaking method to investigate the mechanisms of fracture of tough soft materials. To achieve this objective we will use a series of model materials containing a variable population of internal sacrificial bonds that break before the material fails macroscopically, and use a combination of advanced characterization techniques and molecular probes to map stress, strain, bond breakage and structure in a region ~100 µm in size ahead of the propagating crack. By using mechanoluminescent and mechanophore molecules incorporated in the model material in selected positions, confocal laser microscopy, digital image correlation and small-angle X-ray scattering we will gain an unprecedented molecular understanding of where and when bonds break as the material fails and the crack propagates, and will then be able to establish a direct relation between the architecture of soft polymer networks and their fracture energy, leading to a new molecular and multi-scale vision of macroscopic fracture of soft materials. Such advances will be invaluable to guide materials chemists to design and develop better and more finely tuned soft but tough and sometimes self-healing materials to replace living tissues (in bio engineering) and make lightweight tough and flexible parts for energy efficient transport. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
3728367 | Spectral-Temporal metrology with tailored quantum measurements | Metrology explores the most efficient and precise way to perform measurements. This established area of study has considerable impact on our everyday lives. A GPS would not work without the capability to measure distances precisely, and spectral fingerprinting is an established technique to identify e.g. drugs. Better timing measurements could improve the performance of GPS and laser ranging; better frequency resolution could help to identify more substances more quickly.
To explore more precise measurements, we can use quantum metrology. We can exploit the counterintuitive behaviour of quantum objects to perform measurements with better accuracy compared to classical methods. For example, using superposition, where the cat is both dead and alive; or entanglement, where objects are interwoven more tightly than classically allowed.
Quantum metrology currently focusses on measuring phases, with only few works considering spatial separations. We will take a new approach in considering time and frequency. STORMYTUNE’s time frequency quantum metrology technology toolbox will comprise two main elements.
We will develop a theory framework that will help us define the fundamental limitations of our idea, putting special emphasis on implementing tailored quantum measurements. The goal being to outperform classical strategies and thus find immediate applications, something that hasn’t been achieved in metrology to date.
We will build devices and prototypes that have functionality. We will demonstrate spectroscopy – frequency measurements – with a resolution beyond classical limits. Further, we will implement compressed sensing techniques for the resource efficient characterisation of time and frequency distributions of quantum light.
The STORMYTUNE consortium comprises world leading scientific and industry partners, who are ideally positioned to achieve the ambitious vision of this project and build a state of the art time frequency quantum metrology technology toolbox. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W1602829069 | Neural and behavioral epigenetics; what it is, and what is hype | The ability to examine epigenetic mechanisms in the brain has become readily available over the last 20 years. This has led to an explosion of research and interest in neural and behavioral epigenetics. Of particular interest to researchers, and indeed the lay public, is the possibility that epigenetic processes, such as changes in DNA-methylation and histone modification, may provide a biochemical record of environmental effects. This has led to some fascinating insights into how molecular changes in the brain can control behavior. However, some of this research has also attracted controversy and, as is dealt with here, some overblown claims. This latter problem is partly linked to the shifting sands of what is defined as 'epigenetics'. In this review, I provide an overview of what exactly epigenetics is, and what is hype, with the aim of opening up a debate as to how this exciting field moves forward. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
313369 | Transforming Migration: Transnational Transfer of Multicultural Habitus | How do migrants develop the competence to successfully operate within a new society, and will these newly acquired intercultural skills and attitudes transfer between individuals and geographical locations? Can migration, and to what extent, trigger a shift towards more tolerance and respect for ethnic and cultural diversity in the countries sending migrants? And how are these effects mediated by particular conditions? These are the questions the TRANSFORmIG project seeks to answer by investigating recent massive migration between Poland and Great Britain and Germany. The ‘Polish case’ is highly instructive because of diametrically opposed contexts between which the transnational migrants regularly ‘switch’: Britain and Germany are characterized by a level and kind of multi-cultural complexity that is unknown to immigrants from Poland which is recognized as one of the most ethnically homogeneous country in the world.
The TRANSFORmIG project puts the hypothesis that contact with diversity – socializing with people of diverse backgrounds – leads to (a positive) change of attitudes both among migrants and their peer groups in the communities of origin, and that these effects are mediated by the particular configurations and representations of diversity.
The TRANSFORmIG project entails interdisciplinary, multi-method research in selected localities in Great Britain, Germany and Poland. Spanning sociology, anthropology, history and media studies, the project investigates with the help of a longitudinal qualitative study, individual and group interviews, ethnography and discourse analysis how people’s attitudes and skills to act in diverse societies change over time and in dependence with historical and contemporary conditions. Findings will significantly advance social scientific understanding of the processes of transnational transfer of values and attitudes and the spread of intercultural competences under the condition of growing diversification of societies. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1109/TASC.2016.2631948 | Superconducting Nbtin Thin Films With Highly Uniform Properties Over A Varnothing 100 Mm Wafer | Uniformity in thickness and electronic properties of superconducting niobium titanium nitride (NbTiN) thin films is a critical issue for upscaling superconducting electronics, such as microwave kinetic inductance detectors for submillimeter wave astronomy. In this article we make an experimental comparison between the uniformity of NbTiN thin films produced by two DC magnetron sputtering systems with vastly different target sizes: the Nordiko 2000 equipped with a circular $\varnothing$ 100 mm target, and the Evatec LLS801 with a rectangular target of 127 mm $\times$ 444. 5 mm. In addition to the films deposited staticly in both systems, we have also deposited films in the LLS801 while shuttling the substrate in front of the target, with the aim of further enhancing the uniformity. Among these three setups, the LLS801 system with substrate shuttling has yielded the highest uniformity in film thickness ( $\pm$ 2%), effective resistivity (decreasing by 5% from center to edge), and superconducting critical temperature ( $T_{\mathrm{c}}$ = 15. 0 K–15. 3 K) over a $\varnothing$ 100 mm wafer. However, the shuttling appears to increase the resistivity by almost a factor of 2 compared to static deposition. Surface SEM inspections suggest that the shuttling could have induced a different mode of microstructural film growth. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
Q4940271 | (7161.24052017.110000287) STILNOVO USA 2018 | L?OBIETTIVO GENERALE DEL PROGRAMMA D?INVESTIMENTO ? QUELLO DI AUMENTARE LA NOTORIET? DEL BRAND EMILIO CAVALLINI NEGLI STATI UNITI DOPO CHE NEGLI ULTIMI ANNI IL FATTURATO IN USA HA SUBITO UNA FORTE DIMINUZIONE. PER FAR CI? IL PRESENTE PROGETTO PREVEDE LA REALIZZAZIONE DI QUATTRO LINEE D?INTERVENTO.LA PRIMA LINEA D?INTERVENTO ? LA C.1 PARTECIPAZIONE A FIERE E SALONI INTERNAZIONALI PER UN TOTALE DI EURO 43.235,00, PUR CONSAPEVOLI CHE IL MASSIMO AMMESSO ? EURO 40.000,00.LA SECONDA LINEA D?INTERVENTO ? LA C2. PROMOZIONE MEDIANTE UTILIZZO DI UFFICI O SALE ESPOSITIVE ALL?ESTERO. E? PREVISTA L?APERTURA DI UNA SALA ESPOSITIVA/MEETING POINT CON IL MARCHIO EMILIO CAVALLINI PRESSO UN LOCALE SITUATO A NEW YORK. PRESSO LA SALA ESPOSITIVA SAR? POSSIBILE PRESENTARE LA COLLEZIONE PARTICOLARMENTE ATTRAENTE PER IL TARGET AMERICANO, PER UN TOTALE DI EURO 2.000,00.LA TERZA LINEA D?INTERVENTO ? LA C3.SERVIZI PROMOZIONALI PER EURO 23.000,00INFINE L?ULTIMA LINEA D?INTERVENTO ? LA C4. SUPPORTO SPECIALISTICO AL | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
223723 | Ecovillages as laboratories of sustainability and social change | In an historical moment where citizens of the world are called to take action to face ´multiple crises´- the emergency of climatic change, high and rising socio-economic inequalities, and the upsurge of intolerance and racism within and between countries - the study of transformative grassroots initiatives becomes crucially important and timely.
‘Ecovillages as Laboratories of Sustainability and Social Change´ (EcoLabSS) is conceived as an international, inter-sectoral and interdisciplinary project aiming at producing a theoretically grounded and methodologically innovative study of one of these grassroots initiatives: the ecovillage movement.
EcoLabSS provides a multi-level and mixed-method study of the ecovillage movement that combines the comparative study of two local ecovillages, respectively in Denmark and Italy, with a systematic analysis of the actions and networks of the transnational organization Global Ecovillage Network (GEN). The review and the fieldwork is then used to develop a comprehensive theoretical and analytical framework centred on the path-breaking definition of ´community-based prefigurative social movements´.
The empirical analysis is structured along three mutually informing levels of analysis: micro-individual level, meso-community level, and macro-societal level. The first level is focused on the study of individual life trajectories and biographies of ecovillage inhabitants. The meso-community level is analyzing the everyday practices and processes involving organization, decision-making and creation of future-oriented norms and codes of conduct inside the two case studies. Finally, the macro-societal level is centred on the study of how the ecovillage movement - represented by the transnational organization GEN - translates and diffuses its practices, narratives and visions of a just and sustainable society to policy-makers, institutions, other civil society actors and the wider public. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.3928/1081597X-20160920-02 | Optical Measurement Of Straylight In Eyes With Cataract | PURPOSE To measure straylight in a cohort of patients with cataract using a novel optical instrument and to correlate optical straylight values with clinical grade of cataracts and psychophysical straylight values. METHODS Measurements were performed on 53 eyes of 44 patients with cataract admitted to the ophthalmology service of the university hospital in Murcia, Spain, and 9 young volunteers with no known ophthalmic pathology. Lens opacities were classified according to the Lens Opacities Classification System Ill (LOCS III) under slit-lamp examination. Intraocular straylight was additionally assessed psychophysically using the C-Quant straylight meter (Oculus Optikgerate GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). RESULTS Optical measurements of the logarithm of the straylight parameter ranged from 1. 01 to 2. 01 (mean: 1. 43 ± 0. 244) in patients with cataract and 0. 80 to 1. 08 (mean: 0. 92 ± 0. 104) in healthy young volunteers. Straylight differed by a statistically significant amount among different LOCS III groups (P < . 05). Moreover, the optically measured straylight parameter was positively correlated to the psychophysically estimated value (r = 0. 803, P < . 05). CONCLUSIONS A new compact optical instrument suitable for clinical measurements of straylight in the human eye has been developed. Optically measured straylight values were highly correlated to those that were obtained psychophysically. Optical measurement of straylight can be used for the objective classification of cataract opacities based on their optical impact. [J Refract Surg. 2016;32(12):846-850. ]. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.tim.2014.02.002 | New insights into the crosstalk between Shigella and T lymphocytes | Subversion of host immune responses is the key infection strategy employed by most, if not all, human pathogens. Modulation of the host innate response by pathogens has been vastly documented. Yet, especially for bacterial infections, it was only recently that cells of the adaptive immune response were recognized as targets of bacterial weapons such as the type III secretion system (T3SS) and its effector proteins. In this review, we focus on the recent advances made in the understanding of how the enteroinvasive bacterium Shigella flexneri interferes with the host adaptive response by targeting T lymphocytes, especially their migration capacities. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2025728819 | Measuring transit oriented development: a spatial multi criteria assessment approach for the City Region Arnhem and Nijmegen | Abstract Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a planning approach that can stimulate sustainable development by encouraging better land use and transport integration. Arnhem Nijmegen City Region, a regional planning body, in the Netherlands, aims to promote sustainable development in their region and control the current pattern of increased use of cars vis-a-vis transit for longer commutes. Planning for TOD can help achieve this aim. It is believed that measuring the existing levels of TOD is a prerequisite for TOD planning and that it can be done using a TOD Index proposed in this research. A TOD Index measures multiple spatial indicators and aggregates them under the SMCA framework to arrive at a comprehensive value depicting the existing levels of TOD at a location or an area. Using this TOD Index, TOD levels were measured over the entire City Region covering approx. 1000 km 2 . High levels of TOD imply that the urban development’s characteristics, at that location, are ripe for use of transit and these high levels, as expected, were found in the urban areas of Arnhem and Nijmegen. From the results of TOD Index measurement, using hot-spot analysis, those locations were identified that have high TOD levels but poor transit connectivity. These locations are accordingly recommended for better transit connectivity. As a part of our future work, it is intended to use the TOD Index to elevate TOD levels around existing transit nodes. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/TWC.2017.2668414 | Ergodic Spectral Efficiency In Mimo Cellular Networks | This paper shows how the application of stochastic geometry to the analysis of wireless networks is greatly facilitated by: ( ${i}$ ) a clear separation of time scales; ( ii ) the abstraction of small-scale effects via ergodicity; and ( iii ) an interference model that reflects the receiver’s lack of knowledge of how each individual interference term is faded. These procedures render the analysis both more manageable and more precise, as well as more amenable to the incorporation of subsequent features. In particular, the paper presents analytical characterizations of the ergodic spectral efficiency of cellular networks with single-user multiple-input multiple-output and sectorization. These characterizations, in the form of easy-to-evaluate expressions, encompass the coverage, the distribution of spectral efficiency over the network locations, and the average thereof. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
3734971 | Operating system for smart services in buildings | Digitisation in existing buildings is not as widespread as in other sectors. A consequence is that buildings owners and occupants have generally a limited understanding of their building as an energy system. Improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings can and should be achieved through deep renovation. In comparison, smart technologies can increase the efficiency and the flexibility of buildings in a shorter term and with much less investments. The domOS project addresses the smart building sector through two axes.
In the first axis, technology, guidelines for an open, secure, multi-service Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem for smart buildings are defined: in-building gateways, which connect to local smart devices and smart appliance of any type, IoT platforms and applications operated by different parties can be integrated seamlessly. Buildings owners can enforce privacy rules, they can allow / forbid access to any measurement or control point.
The second axis deals with the development of smart services. They increase energy efficiency of space heating (heat pumps, district heating, gas boilers) thanks to innovative control algorithms making use of smart sensors and smart heating appliances. Automated advice services provide concise and sound information on the building energy. Buildings become active nodes of an electricity grid or a District Heating grid.
These two axes are present in each of the five demonstration sites of the domOS project: The Sion (CH) and Paris (F) pilots test smart services related to electricity. In Aalborg (DK), control techniques applied to space heating for buildings connected to a Distributed Heating grid reduces consumption and lower costs, CO$_{2}$ emissions and system load. In the Neuchâtel (CH) and Skive (DK) demonstrators, closed-loop control minimises temperature at the output of the heating system, thus increasing efficiency and reducing losses. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
interreg_841 | Tracking and Tracing solutions for improvement of intermodal transport of dangerous goods in CEE | Dangerous goods are nowadays primarily transported by trucks – despite higher safety risks and higher environmental costs compared to other transport modes like rail. Intermodal transport offers an alternative but developing efficient interfaces between different transport modes is a challenge to be solved. Regions in central Europe are further disadvantaged due to missing connections across the former “Iron Curtain”. The vulnerability of dangerous goods transports stresses the need for chemical companies and public authorities to ensure safe transport and functioning crisis management procedures. Today there are no commonly used Tracking & Tracing (T&T) solutions that fully respond to the needs of the chemical industry. Several individual initiatives exist but these are all isolated and not compatible to each other. Transnational transports face additional problems regarding communication and cooperation interfaces with public authorities at borders. Chemlog-T&T tackles all these challenges and contributes to the development of the European Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W320542514 | Solar Activity Changes at the End of the Last Ice Age - Influences on Climate and Applications for Dating | Throughout its history Earth experienced a variety of natural climate changes. By investigating their spatial and temporal evolution we can increase the understanding of the mechanisms and dynamics underlying natural climate change and improve our general comprehension of the climate system. Prerequisites of these investigations are reliable reconstructions of past forcing variations as well as sound and consistent chronologies of paleoclimate records. The Sun is by far Earth’s most important source of energy and variations in its irradiance have been shown to influence climate on different temporal and spatial scales. The exact mechanisms of these solar influences on climate are, however, not fully understood. Variations in solar activity also cause changes in the atmospheric production rates of cosmogenic radionuclides, such as 10Be and 14C. These radionuclides get subsequently deposited in various environments which can, hence, provide information about past solar activity levels. Furthermore, these records can be synchronized to each other by identifying coherent production rate related patterns in their radionuclide records. This project aims to extend solar activity reconstructions back into the late glacial and investigate potential sun-climate relationships. Furthermore, the consistency of the time scales underlying different records is tested by comparing their cosmogenic radionuclide records. In addition, it aims to improve radiocarbon dating calibration by extending its tree-ring based section further back in time. We present the first solar activity reconstruction for the late glacial based new and published 10Be data from the GRIP and GISP2 ice cores, supported by published 14C data. We infer that late glacial and Holocene solar activity variations have been comparable in both patterns and amplitudes. We find a persistent influence of solar activity changes on Greenland climate during the Last Glacial Maximum which appears coherent with modern day observations and climate model results. This suggests that a similar solar forcing mechanism may have been operating under otherwise very different climate regimes. We propose a time scale transfer function between Greenland ice core and radiocarbon dated records by synchronizing the temporal variations of ice core 10Be and tree-ring 14C records. We outline a statistical framework that allows time scale differences and uncertainties to be inferred. We find that there is a continuously growing difference between Greenland ice core and radiocarbon based chronologies throughout the Holocene. Furthermore, we identify a rapid shift in this time scale difference around 12,500 years ago, that cannot be explained with ice core layer counting uncertainties alone. Instead, we propose that this effect may arise from uncertainties in the absolute dating of tree-ring records. We present new 14C data on floating tree-ring chronologies that can improve radiocarbon dating calibration between 14,000 to 14,700 years ago. We introduce a method of how combined information from 14C and 10Be records can aid us to infer absolute ages for these chronologies. These new records add substantial structure to the calibration curve and we note that missing this structure can lead to erroneous calibration of 14C dates by up to 500 years. (Less) | [
"Earth System Science",
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1152/jn.01188.2011 | Greater benefits of multisensory integration during complex sensorimotor transformations | Multisensory integration enables rapid and accurate behavior. To orient in space, sensory information registered initially in different reference frames has to be integrated with the current postural information to produce an appropriate motor response. In some postures, multisensory integration requires convergence of sensory evidence across hemispheres, which would presumably lessen or hinder integration. Here, we examined orienting gaze shifts in humans to visual, tactile, or visuotactile stimuli when the hands were either in a default uncrossed posture or a crossed posture requiring convergence across hemispheres. Surprisingly, we observed the greatest benefits of multisensory integration in the crossed posture, as indexed by reaction time (RT) decreases. Moreover, such shortening of RTs to multisensory stimuli did not come at the cost of increased error propensity. To explain these results, we propose that two accepted principles of multisensory integration, the spatial principle and inverse effectiveness, dynamically interact to aid the rapid and accurate resolution of complex sensorimotor transformations. First, early mutual inhibition of initial visual and tactile responses registered in different hemispheres reduces error propensity. Second, inverse effectiveness in the integration of the weakened visual response with the remapped tactile representation expedites the generation of the correct motor response. Our results imply that the concept of inverse effectiveness, which is usually associated with external stimulus properties, might extend to internal spatial representations that are more complex given certain body postures. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1109/ICRA.2016.7487113 | High Dimensional Winding Augmented Motion Planning With 2D Topological Task Projections And Persistent Homology | Recent progress in motion planning has made it possible to determine homotopy inequivalent trajectories between an initial and terminal configuration in a robot configuration space. Current approaches have however either assumed the knowledge of differential one-forms related to a skeletonization of the collision space, or have relied on a simplicial representation of the free space. Both of these approaches are currently however not yet practical for higher dimensional configuration spaces. We propose 2D topological task projections (TTPs): mappings from the configuration space to 2-dimensional spaces where simplicial complex filtrations and persistent homology can identify topological properties of the high-dimensional free configuration space. Our approach only requires the availability of collision free samples to identify winding centers that can be used to determine homotopy inequivalent trajectories. We propose the Winding Augmented RRT and RRT* (WA-RRT/RRT*) algorithms using which homotopy inequivalent trajectories can be found. We evaluate our approach in experiments with configuration spaces of planar linkages with 2–10 degrees of freedom. Results indicate that our approach can reliably identify suitable topological task projections and our proposed WA-RRT and WA-RRT* algorithms were able to identify a collection of homotopy inequivalent trajectories in each considered configuration space dimension. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W4226297970 | An Application of Open Data in Public Administrations: The Lanzarote Tourism Indicator Dashboard | Increasingly public administrations provide their data under the open data umbrella. It is necessary to develop tools that take advantage of the full potential of new information resources. In this work, we developed a package for R that provides a collection of functions to retrieve, download and manipulate the dataset available by the Canary Institute of Statistics (Instituto Canario de Estadıstíca, ISTAC) through the ISTAC BASE API. In addition, a Shiny web application was designed for the improvement of tourism information to Lanzarote. The collected data in this Shiny web application is related to demand and supply of tourism in Canary Islands and especially in Lanzarote. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1017/pasa.2016.45 | Grand Challenges in Protoplanetary Disc Modelling | AbstractThe Protoplanetary Discussions conference—held in Edinburgh, UK, from 2016 March 7th–11th—included several open sessions led by participants. This paper reports on the discussions collectively concerned with the multi-physics modelling of protoplanetary discs, including the self-consistent calculation of gas and dust dynamics, radiative transfer, and chemistry. After a short introduction to each of these disciplines in isolation, we identify a series of burning questions and grand challenges associated with their continuing development and integration. We then discuss potential pathways towards solving these challenges, grouped by strategical, technical, and collaborative developments. This paper is not intended to be a review, but rather to motivate and direct future research and collaboration across typically distinct fields based on community-driven input, to encourage further progress in our understanding of circumstellar and protoplanetary discs. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.193003 | Observation of density-induced tunneling | We study the dynamics of bosonic atoms in a tilted one-dimensional optical lattice and report on the first direct observation of density-induced tunneling. We show that the interaction affects the time evolution of the doublon oscillation via density-induced tunneling and pinpoint its density and interaction dependence. The experimental data for different lattice depths are in good agreement with our theoretical model. Furthermore, resonances caused by second-order tunneling processes are studied, where the density-induced tunneling breaks the symmetric behavior for attractive and repulsive interactions predicted by the Hubbard model. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
176162 | Cofunding of the cern fellowship programme 2014 | Abstract
For many years, CERN has operated a trans-national Fellowship programme, offering scientists and engineers challenging opportunities in particle physics research, and in related fields of physics and technology. CERN secured COFUND grants in 2008, 2010, 2011 and 2012. They offer CERN a timely opportunity to enhance the mobility element of this programme without nationality limitations. The 2014 Call comes at the end of the Large Hadron Collider’s first long shutdown which once more makes CERN one of the most exciting places to work for the global physics and technology community.
Applicants will propose their own research projects. Selection will be based on the scientific potential of the proposal, and on the demonstrated excellence of the candidate. Working on frontier research and technology projects and profiting from the unique facilities available at CERN, the co-funded Fellows will deepen their knowledge in their own field and acquire international visibility and reputation. They will broaden their skills using the numerous training opportunities and through their exposure to an interdisciplinary and multi-national environment. Inter-sectoral skills will be fostered through CERN’s industrial collaborations and technology transfer projects.
Attractive and competitive employment conditions are maintained by guaranteeing three-year appointments rather than the standard two-year terms of CERN Fellows. At least two of these three years will be spent at CERN. We consider this provision to be justified by the size of the Laboratory, the diversity of the research and training opportunities, and by the uniqueness of CERN’s facilities. However, mobility will be enhanced through the opportunity to spend up to one third of the Fellowship in external institutions, including industrial laboratories, on paid leave from CERN under the conditions of the full employment contract. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1186/s13059-017-1293-0 | A subset of conserved mammalian long non-coding RNAs are fossils of ancestral protein-coding genes | Background: Only a small portion of human long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) appear to be conserved outside of mammals, but the events underlying the birth of new lncRNAs in mammals remain largely unknown. One potential source is remnants of protein-coding genes that transitioned into lncRNAs. Results: We systematically compare lncRNA and protein-coding loci across vertebrates, and estimate that up to 5% of conserved mammalian lncRNAs are derived from lost protein-coding genes. These lncRNAs have specific characteristics, such as broader expression domains, that set them apart from other lncRNAs. Fourteen lncRNAs have sequence similarity with the loci of the contemporary homologs of the lost protein-coding genes. We propose that selection acting on enhancer sequences is mostly responsible for retention of these regions. As an example of an RNA element from a protein-coding ancestor that was retained in the lncRNA, we describe in detail a short translated ORF in the JPX lncRNA that was derived from an upstream ORF in a protein-coding gene and retains some of its functionality. Conclusions: We estimate that ~ 55 annotated conserved human lncRNAs are derived from parts of ancestral protein-coding genes, and loss of coding potential is thus a non-negligible source of new lncRNAs. Some lncRNAs inherited regulatory elements influencing transcription and translation from their protein-coding ancestors and those elements can influence the expression breadth and functionality of these lncRNAs. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W4317435112 | Comparación de la riqueza generada por el mercado minorista en Brasil: antes y después de la crisis económica brasileña empezada en 2014 | En el cuatrienio 2014-2017, Brasil experimentó una crisis económica con una reducción del 1,5 % en el Producto Interior Bruto (PIB), en comparación con el período anterior de cuatro años (2010-2013), en el que creció un 4 %. Por otro lado, los ingresos netos minoristas continuaron creciendo, pero a niveles 50 % más bajos en comparación con el período anterior de cuatro años (2010-2013). El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar y discutir el comportamiento de la distribución de la riqueza generada por las empresas minoristas que figuran en B3 (Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão –la Bolsa de Valores de Brasil–) entre el cuatrienio antes de la crisis económica y el cuatrienio durante la crisis. Analizamos el Estado de Valor Añadido (DVA) de 2010 a 2017 de trece compañías en cada cuatro años, enfocándonos en los cuatro agentes (empleados, gobierno, terceros y socios) que contribuyen a la generación de esta riqueza. Los resultados revelaron que en ambos períodos la mayor distribución de riqueza fue a los empleados, y la más baja, a los accionistas. En el centro del análisis, el segundo y tercer lugar de los receptores de riqueza fueron el Gobierno y terceros. Además, la investigación encontró que el mercado minorista creció un 25 % antes de la crisis, pero cayó un 3 % durante el cuatrienio de crisis. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W4289524103 | Impacts of the Russia-Ukraine War on Global Food Security: Towards More Sustainable and Resilient Food Systems? | As a conflict between two major agricultural powers, the Russia–Ukraine war has various negative socioeconomic impacts that are now being felt internationally and might worsen, notably, for global food security. If the war deepens, the food crisis will worsen, posing a challenge to many countries, especially those that rely on food imports, such as those in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Simultaneously, the war came at a bad time for global food markets because food prices were already high due to disruptions in the supply chain caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, strong global demand, and poor harvests in some countries. Understanding how conflict-related disruptions in global food and fertilizer markets might affect price and availability is critical for understanding the overall impact on global food security. Further, four months into the war, its implications for food security suggest that this review is timely, urgent, and highly needed. Accordingly, this paper aims to investigate the Russia–Ukraine war’s direct and indirect impact on global food security. The paper highlights that the war resulted in immediate and far-reaching cascading consequences on global food security: Ukrainian exports have stopped, conscription and population displacement have caused labor shortages, access to fertilizers is restricted, and future harvests are uncertain. First, Ukraine’s export capacity has been hampered. Secondly, conscription and population displacement caused labor shortages. Thirdly, access to vital agricultural products such as fertilizers is also constrained. The war may delay spring planting and winter crop harvesting. Further, the war has indirect and cascading effects. Indeed, rising fertilizer costs may reduce their use and crop yields. Moreover, as seen during the 2007–2008 food crisis, export restrictions and speculation are driving up international prices and worsening the situation. Furthermore, the war triggered a panic buying movement at country and individual levels. Finally, the war may jeopardize the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably SDG 1 (No poverty), SDG 2 (Zero hunger), and DG 12 (Responsible consumption and production). However, the consequences of the war on food security are being exacerbated by a variety of underlying rigidities, vulnerabilities, and inefficiencies in global food systems. Accordingly, the transition toward healthy, equitable, and ecologically sustainable food systems must be strengthened by adopting urgent and long-term reforms and policies. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1038/s41564-019-0394-9 | An automated Raman-based platform for the sorting of live cells by functional properties | Stable-isotope probing is widely used to study the function of microbial taxa in their natural environment, but sorting of isotopically labelled microbial cells from complex samples for subsequent genomic analysis or cultivation is still in its early infancy. Here, we introduce an optofluidic platform for automated sorting of stable-isotope-probing-labelled microbial cells, combining microfluidics, optical tweezing and Raman microspectroscopy, which yields live cells suitable for subsequent single-cell genomics, mini-metagenomics or cultivation. We describe the design and optimization of this Raman-activated cell-sorting approach, illustrate its operation with four model bacteria (two intestinal, one soil and one marine) and demonstrate its high sorting accuracy (98. 3 ± 1. 7%), throughput (200–500 cells h−1; 3. 3–8. 3 cells min−1) and compatibility with cultivation. Application of this sorting approach for the metagenomic characterization of bacteria involved in mucin degradation in the mouse colon revealed a diverse consortium of bacteria, including several members of the underexplored family Muribaculaceae, highlighting both the complexity of this niche and the potential of Raman-activated cell sorting for identifying key players in targeted processes. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
310944 | Genetic and Phenotypic Modelling of Bacterial Evolution | The dramatic success of infectious agents comes from their ability to adapt to both immune and pharmaceutical selective pressures. To uncover the dynamics of bacterial adaptation, experimental evolution has been widely used, focusing mostly on organismal fitness. Many of the observation derived from these experiments have been captured by Fisher's Geometric model of Adaptation (FGMA). Despite its success, this top-down phenotypic model is relatively abstract. In fact, its most important parameter, the number of independent phenotypes an organism expose to the action of natural selection, or phenotypic complexity, remains completely disconnected from a genetic perspective. More recently, bottom-up genotype to phenotype maps from system biology have provided an alternative to unravel the constraints regulating bacterial evolution.
In the present project, I want to connect these different approaches. The interpretation of system biology models in terms of FGMA will (i) uncover the genetic determinants of phenotypic complexity, giving more genetic context to FGMA, and, (ii) transpose our understanding of evolution through FGMA to complex genotype to phenotype maps.
Four different levels of integration will be used: the gene, the metabolic network, the organism and the species. I will use
-antibiotic resistance gene, TEM1, to connect thermodynamic models of protein evolution to FGMA, and characterize the phenotypic complexity of a single gene,
-computational models of metabolic network and experimental modification of a biochemical pathway regulation to assess the meaning of phenotypic complexity in networks,
-in vitro and in vivo experimental evolution coupled with genome sequencing and mutant reconstruction to assess the molecular bases of changes in beneficial mutation rates during organismal adaptation,
- faeces of well characterised human twins to assess the factors of the human gut's environment that shape the genetic diversity of the Escherichia coli species. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1101/gr.212316.116 | Large-scale mapping of gene regulatory logic reveals context-dependent repression by transcriptional activators | Transcription factors (TFs) are key mediators that propagate extracellular and intracellular signals through to changes in gene expression profiles. However, the rules by which promoters decode the amount of active TF into target gene expression are not well understood. To determine the mapping between promoter DNA sequence, TF concentration, and gene expression output, we have conducted in budding yeast a large-scale measurement of the activity of thousands of designed promoters at six different levels of TF. We observe that maximum promoter activity is determined by TF concentration and not by the number of binding sites. Surprisingly, the addition of an activator site often reduces expression. A thermodynamic model that incorporates competition between neighboring binding sites for a local pool of TF molecules explains this behavior and accurately predicts both absolute expression and the amount by which addition of a site increases or reduces expression. Taken together, our findings support a model in which neighboring binding sites interact competitively when TF is limiting but otherwise act additively. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1007/s00220-011-1335-5 | A Proof of Factorization Formula for Critical Percolation | We give mathematical proofs to a number of statements which appeared in the series of papers by Simmons et al. (Phys Rev E 76(4):041106, 2007; J Stat Mech Theory Exp 2009(2):P02067, 33, 2009) where they computed the probabilities of several percolation events. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1364/OE.22.010987 | Ultrafast all-optical modulation with hyperbolic metamaterial integrated in Si photonic circuitry | The integration of optical metamaterials within silicon integrated photonic circuitry bears significantly potential in the design of low-power, nanoscale footprint, all-optical functionalities. We propose a novel concept and provide detailed analysis of an on-chip ultrafast all-optical modulator based on a hyperbolic metamaterial integrated in a silicon waveguide. The anisotropic metamaterial based on gold nanorods is placed on top of the silicon waveguide to form a modulator with a 300x440x600 nm3 footprint. For the operating wavelength of 1. 5 μm, the optimized geometry of the device has insertion loss of about 5 dB and a modulation depth of 35% with a sub-ps switching rate. The switching energy estimated from nonlinear transient dynamic numerical simulations is 3. 7 pJ/bit when the transmission is controlled optically at a wavelength of 532 nm, resonant with the transverse plasmonic mode of the metamaterial. The switching mechanism is based on the control of the hybridization of eigenmodes in the metamaterial slab and the Si waveguide. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
RU 2019136035 A | ABSORBENT BODY MANUFACTURING METHOD | FIELD: manufacturing technology.SUBSTANCE: method for preparing an absorbent element according to the invention is a method for manufacturing absorbent element (100) comprising synthetic fibers (10b). Method comprises: a conveying step, comprising conveying a plurality of sheet material pieces (10bh) including synthetic fibers (10b), to recess (41) for accumulation by using box 3; accumulation step consisting in accumulation—in recess (41) for accumulation—of multiple pieces (10bh) of sheet material, displaced at transportation stage, and formation of cluster (100a'), which is component of absorbent element (100), and compression step, which consists in compression of accumulation (100a') on its entire length in direction of thickness.EFFECT: disclosed is a method for manufacturing an absorbent body.20 cl, 9 dwg | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/CDC.2015.7402402 | A Core Set Approach For Distributed Quadratic Programming In Big Data Classification | A new challenge for learning algorithms in cyber-physical network systems is the distributed solution of big-data classification problems, i. e. , problems in which both the number of training samples and their dimension is high. Motivated by several problem set-ups in Machine Learning, in this paper we consider a special class of quadratic optimization problems involving a “large” number of input data, whose dimension is “big”. To solve these quadratic optimization problems over peer-to-peer networks, we propose an asynchronous, distributed algorithm that scales with both the number and the dimension of the input data (training samples in the classification problem). The proposed distributed optimization algorithm relies on the notion of “core-set” which is used in geometric optimization to approximate the value function associated to a given set of points with a smaller subset of points. By computing local core-sets on a smaller version of the global problem and exchanging them with neighbors, the nodes reach consensus on a set of active constraints representing an approximate solution for the global quadratic program. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
281920 | Dissecting the gene regulatory mechanisms that generate serotonergic neurons and their link to mental disorders | Mental disorders constitute a human an economic burden for developed countries. Many mental disorders are linked to serotonin dysfunction, but the exact mechanism underlying these disorders is not well understood. Serotonin Related Mental Disorders (SRMD) are multigenic, making the identification of these mechanisms a difficult task. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that generate serotonergic neurons will provide us with the tools to identify mutations that could predispose to SRMD. In this grant we will use a multidisciplinary approach to dissect the transcriptional mechanisms that generate serotonergic neurons and use this knowledge to identify genetic links to SRMD. Serotonergic neurons are very ancient in evolution and enzymes and transporters responsible for the production of serotonin (serotonin pathway genes) are very well conserved in all metazoans. We would take advantage of this evolutionary conservation and use the genetic amenability of C. elegans to dissect the genetic mechanisms responsible for the generation of the serotonergic neurons. We will apply the lessons learned from C. elegans to unravel analogous mechanisms regulating mouse serotonergic differentiation. Our preliminary results show that the serotonergic pathway genes are co-regulated by the same factors and that this mechanism is evolutionary conserved. We will identify the cis-acting sequences (serotonergic motif) and trans-acting factors responsible for the activation of the serotonergic features, both in worms and mice. Finally, we will apply our knowledge on serotonergic differentiation to identify genetic association to SRMDs. Mutations in the serotonergic motif could lead to defects on the expression of the serotonergic genes, resulting in a dysfunctional serotonergic neuron. We will build a database of all human serotonergic motifs and look for mutations in these sites in SRMD patients. In summary, this grant will give us the tools to better understand and treat SRMD. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1109/LCOMM.2013.111513.132180 | Two Dimensional Iterative Source Channel Decoding For Distributed Video Coding | Motivated by the Joint Source-Channel Decoding (JSCD) principle of exploiting the source redundancy, in this treatise we study the application of iterative source-channel decoding (ISCD) conceived for distributed video coding (DVC), where the video signal is modelled by our Iterative Horizontal-Vertical Scanline Model (IHVSM) relying on a first-order Markov process. The IHVSM technique is combined with the classic forward error correction (FEC) codecs employed in the state-of-the-art DVC systems for the sake of reducing the bitrate. Our simulation results show that up to 21. 5% bitrate reductions are achieved by employing the proposed ISCD technique in a DVC scheme. Alternatively, a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) gain of 2. 2 dB is achieved at a bitrate of 4. 5 Mbps when considering the Foreman sequence. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1002/adfm.201902539 | Shape-Assisted 2D MOF/Graphene Derived Hybrids as Exceptional Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes | Herein, a novel polymer-templated strategy is described to obtain 2D nickel-based MOF nanosheets using Ni(OH)2, squaric acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), where PVP has a dual role as a structure-directing agent, as well as preventing agglomeration of the MOF nanosheets. Furthermore, a scalable method is developed to transform the 2D MOF sheets to Ni7S6/graphene nanosheet (GNS) heterobilayers by in situ sulfidation using thiourea as a sulfur source. The Ni7S6/GNS composite shows an excellent reversible capacity of 1010 mAh g−1 at 0. 12 A g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 98% capacity retention. The electrochemical performance of the Ni7S6/GNS composite is superior not only to nickel sulfide/graphene-based composites but also to other metal disulfide–based composite electrodes. Moreover, the Ni7S6/GNS anode exhibits excellent cycle stability (≈95% capacity retention after 2000 cycles). This outstanding electrochemical performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects of Ni7S6 and GNS, where GNS serves as a conducting matrix to support Ni7S6 nanosheets while Ni7S6 prevents restacking of GNS. This work opens up new opportunities in the design of novel functional heterostructures by hybridizing 2D MOF nanosheets with other 2D nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage/conversion applications. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/940/1/012043 | Rotational Excitation Of The Hoyle State In 12C | 12C is synthesised in stars by fusion of three α particles. This process occurs through a resonance in the 12C nucleus, famously known as the Hoyle state. In this state, the 12C nucleus exists as a cluster of α particles. The state is the band-head for a rotational band with the 2+ rotational excitation predicted in the energy region 9 - 11 MeV. This rotational excitation can affect the triple-α process reaction rate by more than an order of magnitude at high temperatures (109 K). Depending on the energy of the resonance, the knowledge of the state can also help determine the structure of the Hoyle state. In the work presented here, the state of interest is populated by beta decay of radioactive 12N ion beam delivered by the IGISOL facility at JYFL, Jyvaskyla. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
Q4878260 | VITAL SOSSIO | REQUEST FOR FACILITATION REFERRED TO IN THE PUBLIC NOTICE OF SMALL NON-REPAYABLE GRANTS TO SMES SUSPENDED OR WITH A SERIOUS DECREASE IN TURNOVER | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00225 | Insights into laccase engineering from molecular simulations: Toward a binding-focused strategy | Understanding the molecular determinants of enzyme performance is of primary importance for the rational design of ad hoc mutants. A novel approach, which combines efficient conformational sampling and quick reactivity scoring, is used here to shed light on how substrate oxidation was improved during the directed evolution experiment of a fungal laccase (from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus), an industrially relevant class of oxidoreductases. It is found that the enhanced activity of the evolved enzyme is mainly the result of substrate arrangement in the active site, with no important change in the redox potential of the T1 copper. Mutations at the active site shift the binding mode into a more buried substrate position and provide a more favorable electrostatic environment for substrate oxidation. As a consequence, engineering the binding event seems to be a viable way to in silico evolution of oxidoreductases. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1976334131 | ABL1rearrangements in T-Cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia | T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is the result of multiple oncogenic insults of thymocytes. Recently, new ABL1 fusion genes have been identified that provide proliferation and survival advantage to lymphoblasts. These are the NUP214-ABL1 fusion gene, on amplified episomes, the unique case of EML1-ABL1 fusion due to a cryptic t(9;14)(q34;q32) and the seldom reported BCR-ABL1 and ETV6-ABL1 chimeric genes. The most frequent and strictly associated with T-ALL is the NUP214-ABL1 fusion identified in 6% of cases, in both children and adults. Patients present with classical T-ALL features. Cytogenetically, the fusion is cryptic but seen by FISH on amplified episomes or more rarely as a small hsr. The ABL1 fusion is a late event associated with other genetic alterations like NOTCH1 activating mutation, deletion of CDKN2A locus, and ectopic expression of TLX1 or TLX3. The mechanism of activation of the NUP214-ABL1 protein is unique and requires localization at the nucleopore complex and interaction with other nuclear pore proteins for crossphosphorylation and constitutive kinase activity. The ABL1 fusion proteins are sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which can be included in future treatment strategy. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
US 0143426 W | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR POSITIONING SUBSTRATES | A second substrate is positioned relative to a first substrate having phase-changeable bumps, such as solder bumps, between them, wherein the second substrate has a first face adjacent the first substrate, a second face remote from the first substrate, and at least one edge wall between the first and second faces. The phase-changeable bumps are liquefied (130) to establish an equilibrium position of the first and second substrates relative to one another. At least a portion of the second face is pushed away from the equilibrium position towards the first substrate, to a new position, without applying external force to the first face other than spring forces of the phase-changeable bumps that are liquefied, and without applying external force to any edge wall. Thus, only spring forces of the phase-changeable bumps that are liquefied oppose the pushing. The phase-changeable bumps that are liquefied then are solidified, to maintain the new position. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-019-12135-3 | Conscious perception of natural images is constrained by category-related visual features | Conscious perception is crucial for adaptive behaviour yet access to consciousness varies for different types of objects. The visual system comprises regions with widely distributed category information and exemplar-level representations that cluster according to category. Does this categorical organisation in the brain provide insight into object-specific access to consciousness? We address this question using the Attentional Blink approach with visual objects as targets. We find large differences across categories in the attentional blink. We then employ activation patterns extracted from a deep convolutional neural network to reveal that these differences depend on mid- to high-level, rather than low-level, visual features. We further show that these visual features can be used to explain variance in performance across trials. Taken together, our results suggest that the specific organisation of the higher-tier visual system underlies important functions relevant for conscious perception of differing natural images. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2105090542 | Befriending the Field: culture and friendships in development worlds | Abstract This paper explores some of the cross-cultural friendships of Western NGO workers with Indonesians, before and after the 2006 earthquake in Yogyakarta. These kinds of friendships enabled aid workers to transcend a private–professional divide which is often taken for granted. The paper draws attention to different cultural ideals of friendship and argues that cross-cultural friendships present a central instrument for establishing emotional belonging and for crafting identities. The social competences gained frequently moved beyond the individual private sphere and were turned into meaningful resources and professional qualifications relevant in development work. I argue that friendships act as mediators allowing aid workers to oscillate between different spheres of social engagement. This intermediate potential renders friendships highly relevant to more in-depth anthropological enquiry into development workers' everyday lives and their cultural positioning in foreign environments. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1145/2508363.2508397 | The line of action | The line of action is a conceptual tool often used by cartoonists and illustrators to help make their figures more consistent and more dramatic. We often see the
expression
of characters---may it be the dynamism of a super hero, or the elegance of a fashion model---well captured and amplified by a single
aesthetic
line. Usually this line is laid down in early stages of the drawing and used to describe the body's
principal
shape. By focusing on this simple abstraction, the person drawing can quickly adjust and refine the overall pose of his or her character from a given viewpoint. In this paper, we propose a mathematical definition of the line of action (LOA), which allows us to automatically align a 3D virtual character to a user-specified LOA by solving an optimization problem. We generalize this framework to other types of lines found in the drawing literature, such as secondary lines used to place arms. Finally, we show a wide range of poses and animations that were rapidly created using our system. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1063/1.4893578 | Large Scale Fabrication Of Bn Tunnel Barriers For Graphene Spintronics | We have fabricated graphene spin-valve devices utilizing scalable materials made from chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Both the spin-transporting graphene and the tunnel barrier material are CVD-grown. The tunnel barrier is realized by Hexagonal boron nitride, used either as a monolayer or bilayer and placed over the graphene. Spin transport experiments were performed using ferromagnetic contacts deposited onto the barrier. We find that spin injection is still greatly suppressed in devices with a monolayer tunneling barrier due to resistance mismatch. This is, however, not the case for devices with bilayer barriers. For those devices, a spin relaxation time of ∼260 ps intrinsic to the CVD graphene material is deduced. This time scale is comparable to those reported for exfoliated graphene, suggesting that this CVD approach is promising for spintronic applications which require scalable materials. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1128/genomeA.01089-15 | Draft genome sequences of Acinetobacter parvus CM11, Acinetobacter radioresistens CM38, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BR12, isolated from murine proximal colonic tissue | Here, we report three genome sequences of bacteria isolated from murine proximal colonic tissue and identified as Acinetobacter parvus CM11, Acinetobacter radioresistens CM38, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BR12. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1109/ITW.2014.6970781 | Compute And Forward For Discrete Memoryless Networks | Consider a receiver that observes multiple interfering codewords. The compute-and-forward technique makes it possible for the receiver to directly decode linear combinations of the codewords. Previous work has focused on compute-and-forward for linear Gaussian networks. This paper explores the corresponding technique for discrete memoryless networks. As a by-product, this leads to a novel way of attaining non-trivial points on the dominant face of the capacity region of discrete memoryless multiple-access channels. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1364/OE.22.002497 | Automated Identification And Classification Of Single Particle Serial Femtosecond X Ray Diffraction Data | The first hard X-ray laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), produces 120 shots per second. Particles injected into the X-ray beam are hit randomly and in unknown orientations by the extremely intense X-ray pulses, where the femtosecond-duration X-ray pulses diffract from the sample before the particle structure is significantly changed even though the sample is ultimately destroyed by the deposited X-ray energy. Single particle X-ray diffraction experiments generate data at the FEL repetition rate, resulting in more than 400,000 detector readouts in an hour, the data stream during an experiment contains blank frames mixed with hits on single particles, clusters and contaminants. The diffraction signal is generally weak and it is superimposed on a low but continually fluctuating background signal, originating from photon noise in the beam line and electronic noise from the detector. Meanwhile, explosion of the sample creates fragments with a characteristic signature. Here, we describe methods based on rapid image analysis combined with ion Time-of-Flight (ToF) spectroscopy of the fragments to achieve an efficient, automated and unsupervised sorting of diffraction data. The studies described here form a basis for the development of real-time frame rejection methods, e. g. for the European XFEL, which is expected to produce 100 million pulses per hour. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2229092788 | A goal-programming enhanced collaborative optimization approach to reducing lifecyle costs for naval vessels | Understanding the trade-offs involved in assessing lifetime cost for engineering systems requires understanding trends in various engineering disciplines that require significantly different analysis methods to efficiently explore. The corresponding design spaces can be flat, defined by weak minima, and thus difficult to understand using traditixonal optimization methods. This paper presents a new multi-disciplinary framework that uses a goal-programming enhanced multi-objective collaborative optimization (eMOCO) approach to facilitate the development of the spaces. In order to further increase its efficiency in discrete or flat spaces well-suited to evolutionary optimization a unique discipline level genetic algorithm is proposed. Naval vessels are an example of an engineering system that has a difficult design space with respect to lifetime cost, however, one where it is critical to understand. As these costs are increasing, they are becoming limiting factors in a vessel's operational life. Though they are so important, the interaction between different cost categories such as production and operation has not been explored in depth and is not always clear. Understanding the trade-offs between different aspects of a vessel's total ownership costs early in the design stage can aid in the production of new ships where they are minimized. The proposed framework is verified on mathematical problems, and then used to develop trade-spaces between resistance and production for a nominal naval combatant vessel. These trade-spaces show both the knowledge gained by designers in understanding these trade-offs and the ability of the proposed eMOCO framework to develop them effectively. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/onc.2013.87 | Context-specific regulation of cancer epigenomes by histone and transcription factor methylation | Altered expression or activity of histone lysine methylases and demethylases in cancer lead to aberrant chromatin modification patterns, which contribute to uncontrolled cell proliferation via cancer-specific deregulation of gene expression programs or the induction of genome instability. Several transcription factors that regulate growth-associated genes undergo lysine methylation, expanding the repertoire of regulatory targets modulated by histone-methylating enzymes during tumorigenesis. In certain specific tumor types or specific physiological conditions, these enzymes may trigger chromatin structure and/or transcription factor activity changes that result in opposite effects on cancer initiation or progression. The mechanisms of such context-specific dual functions and those involved in the crosstalk between factor and histone modifications are subject to extensive research, which is beginning to shed light into this novel level of complexity of cancer-related epigenetic pathways. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W1990206667 | Functional expression of milligram quantities of the synthetic human serotonin transporter gene in a tetracycline-inducible HEK293 cell line | The serotonin transporter (SERT), a member of the solute carrier 6 family, is responsible for reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) from the synaptic cleft on the neural cells, and a vital target for several antidepressants. To investigate biophysical studies of this pharmacologically relevant transporter, we developed a mammalian expression system with tetracycline-inducible HEK293 cells using synthetic human SERT genes produced by PCR-based self-assembly method. Codon-optimization of this de novo constructed genes and construction of stable cell lines improved expression 3.5-fold and single-step immunoaffinity purification with FLAG-epitope tag yielded around one milligram functional SERT per liter culture medium assessed by [(3)H] imipramine ligand binding. Some characterizations including electrospray ionization MS/MS analysis, subcellular localization and cellular-uptake assay demonstrated that expressed human SERT was properly expressed, folded and fully functional. The long cytosolic N-terminal of SERT was predicted as containing 'intrinsically disordered region (IDR)' (∼85 residues) by DISOPRED2 program. We engineered this salient region by step-wise truncation and ligand binding assay determined that dissociation constant for a series of de novo designed truncation constructs was close to the one for full-length wild type SERT. Our expression platform using synthetic codon-optimized gene and mammalian stable cell lines is feasible to produce milligram-scale functional membrane transporter for further biophysical and biochemical studies. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms2616 | Three-photon bosonic coalescence in an integrated tritter | The main features of quantum mechanics reside in interference deriving from the superposition of different quantum states. While current quantum optical technology enables two-photon interference both in bulk and integrated systems, simultaneous interference of more than two particles, leading to richer quantum phenomena, is still a challenging task. Here we report the experimental observation of three-photon interference in an integrated three-port directional coupler realized by ultrafast laser writing. By exploiting the capability of this technique to produce three-dimensional structures, we realized and tested in the quantum regime a three-port beam splitter, namely a tritter, which allowed us to observe bosonic coalescence of three photons. These results open new important perspectives in many areas of quantum information, such as fundamental tests of quantum mechanics with increasing number of photons, quantum state engineering, quantum sensing and quantum simulation. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
889450 | Using the smart matrix approach to enhance tadf-oled efficiency and lifetime | The European Training Network TADFlife will train a cohort of young PhD scientists within a multidisciplinary research program conceived from a simple industrial need, high performance blue OLEDs which also have long lifetime. This is not an easy problem to solve, as although OLEDs are now ubiquitous in phone and TV displays, the blue pixels still operate far below the performance and efficiency of the red and green to achieve acceptable lifetime. TADFlife will follow a new approach to solve this problem using the latest generation of OLED materials, thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters. Through a device simulation development program, which incorporates a high degree of basic photophysics input, predictive models of TADFOLED performance and lifetime will be built and used to design new TADF emitters and hosts which overcome the degradation pathways identified from the model predictions. These new materials will then be synthesised. By introducing the concept of the smart matrix, the complex guest host interactions of TADF materials will be included and used to optimise emitter orientation to maximise light out-coupling from devices. Quantum chemistry will use the photophysics results to direct new materials design in tandem with the model predictions. Taking this dual approach, we believe will lead to solutions so far unobtainable for OLEDs. This highly interlinked program gives a fantastic opportunity for the brightest young chemists, spectroscopists, theoreticians and device physicists to work together, learn complimentary skills that will be in high demand from European OLED industries. Leading experts will give courses on core scientific skills along with soft skills and international secondments will be offered, all to properly prepare them for their future careers. They will be part of a network answering a real industrial need and help to secure the future of our European OLED industries in the global OLED materials arena. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.4861845 | Thermoelectric Properties Of Heavy Element Doped Crn | CrN was doped with Mo and W to study the effect of heavy elements alloying on its thermoelectric properties. An spontaneous phase segregation into Mo- and W-rich regions was observed even at the lowest concentrations probed at this work (≃1%). In the particular case of W, this segregation creates nanoinclusions into the Cr1–xWxN matrix, which results in a substantial reduction of the thermal conductivity in the whole temperature range compared to undoped CrN. In addition, an increased hybridization of N:2p and 4d/5d orbitals with respect to Cr:3d decreases the electrical resistivity in lightly doped samples. This improves substantially the thermoelectric figure of merit with respect to the undoped compound, providing a pathway for further improvement of the thermoelectric performance of CrN. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.5022976 | Probing Quantum Coherence In Ultrafast Molecular Processes An Ab Initio Approach To Open Quantum Systems | Revealing possible long-living coherence in ultrafast processes allows detecting genuine quantum mechanical effects in molecules. To investigate such effects from a quantum chemistry perspective, we have developed a method for simulating the time evolution of molecular systems based on ab initio calculations, which includes relaxation and environment-induced dephasing of the molecular wave function whose rates are external parameters. The proposed approach combines a quantum chemistry description of the molecular target with a real-time propagation scheme within the time-dependent stochastic Schrodinger equation. Moreover, it allows a quantitative characterization of the state and dynamics coherence through the l1-norm of coherence and the linear entropy, respectively. To test the approach, we have simulated femtosecond pulse-shaping ultrafast spectroscopy of terrylenediimide, a well-studied fluorophore in single-molecule spectroscopy. Our approach is able to reproduce the experimental findings [R. Hildner et al. , Nat. Phys. 7, 172 (2011)], confirming the usefulness of the approach and the correctness of the implementation. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-31585-5_1 | On Multiple Keyword Sponsored Search Auctions With Budgets | We study multiple keyword sponsored search auctions with budgets. Each keyword has multiple ad slots with a click-through rate. The bidders have additive valuations, which are linear in the click-through rates, and budgets, which are restricting their overall payments. Additionally, the number of slots per keyword assigned to a bidder is bounded. We show the following results: (1) We give the first mechanism for multiple keywords, where click-through rates differ among slots. Our mechanism is incentive compatible in expectation, individually rational in expectation, and Pareto optimal. (2) We study the combinatorial setting, where each bidder is only interested in a subset of the keywords. We give an incentive compatible, individually rational, Pareto optimal, and deterministic mechanism for identical click-through rates. (3) We give an impossibility result for incentive compatible, individually rational, Pareto optimal, and deterministic mechanisms for bidders with diminishing marginal valuations. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
US 58466075 A | CARBURETOR VACUUM SHUTOFF CONTROL VALVE | A carburetor vacuum shutoff control valve for motor vehicles includes a snap-action spring which senses the the sudden vacuum increase in the carburetor each time the vehicle decelerates. The spring opens the valve during deceleration to allow air to pass through the valve from the atmosphere and immediately prevent the normal fuel mixture from being pulled in through either the idle or high-speed carburetor jets. Thus, during deceleration no gasoline is used, resulting in better fuel economy and no exhaust gas or crankcase emissions. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
171804 | Reliability of product environmental footprints | To move towards a more sustainable world there needs to be a systematic change in the consumption of resources driven by informed decision-making and policies. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is widely accepted as a tool for supporting decisions on environmental footprints. However, it is also acknowledged that the reliability of state-of-the-art LCA needs to be improved as uncertainty and variability are generally not addressed. The importance of improving the reliability of environmental footprinting is currently recognised in the Product Environmental Footprinting approach and in the recommendations of the European Resource Efficiency Platform. This European Industrial Doctorate proposal (RELIEF), a cooperation between Radboud University and Unilever as partners and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Stanford University, University of Surrey, Ostfold Research, GreenDelta and the International Union for Conservation of Nature as associate partners, offers a unique international and multidisciplinary training environment for early-stage researchers (ESRs) to improve the reliability of the environmental footprinting of products. RELIEF will develop new models to reduce uncertainty throughout the value chain. Developing these models requires a multidisciplinary approach. Four ESRs will work on different topics, i.e. improving the reliability of product footprints related to energy (carbon), land, chemicals and water. The fifth ESR will work on macro-scale environmental models, in order to incorporate cross-cutting issues from the other four ESRs. Each ESR will receive broad, high-level training in scientific and general skills as well as personalized training. The training will be delivered by a combination of courses, as part of their own research and via learning in business and academia. The RELIEF project will deliver not only novel methods, but also researchers with state of the art skills and environmental footprinting knowledge. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2038789001 | A systematic, first-principles study of the structural preference and magnetic properties of mononitrides of the d-block metals | Abstract First principles calculations are used to investigate the structural properties of mononitrides of the 3d, 4d and 5d transition metals (Groups III-XI), in the rocksalt (NaCl) and zincblende (ZnS) crystal structures. Trends in lattice constants and stability are established. Magnetic properties of 3d transition metal mononitrides are investigated, both at equilibrium and under conditions of compression and strain. The present study represents a consistent reference set of the properties of transition metal mononitrides, calculated within the same theoretical framework. Such a consistent data set is of great use in comparing and contrasting properties of the various transition metal nitrides. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2936086402 | Geographical Assessment of the Impact of MGNREGS Created Common Property Resources on Gender: A Ground Based Discussion | MGNREGS is a much discussed rural development scheme currently operational in all rural districts of India. It’s vast extension and decentralized nature of planning has made it special to Indian economy. Employment related aspects of this scheme has always remain the focus of discussion since its inception. However, little attempts have been made to relate MGNREGS created CPRs and gender. This paper provides an empirical research on the impact of MGNREGS generated CPRs on gender. The impact is assessed through a structured questionnaire and the identification of mostly used CPRs across gender. The degree of ease of livelihood and the utilization pattern of these CPRs are different across gender in study area. In the last section, this paper provides suggestions regarding the improvement of the gendered access of CPRs and its sustainable use. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.15252/embr.201947882 | Schistosomal extracellular vesicle-enclosed miRNAs modulate host T helper cell differentiation | During the chronic stage of Schistosoma infection, the female lays fertile eggs, triggering a strong anti-parasitic type 2 helper T-cell (Th2) immune response. It is unclear how this Th2 response gradually declines even though the worms live for years and continue to produce eggs. Here, we show that Schistosoma mansoni downregulates Th2 differentiation in an antigen-presenting cell-independent manner, by modulating the Th2-specific transcriptional program. Adult schistosomes secrete miRNA-harboring extracellular vesicles that are internalized by Th cells in vitro. Schistosomal miRNAs are found also in T helper cells isolated from Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes of infected mice. In T helper cells, the schistosomal miR-10 targets MAP3K7 and consequently downmodulates NF-κB activity, a critical transcription factor for Th2 differentiation and function. Our results explain, at least partially, how schistosomes tune down the Th2 response, and provide further insight into the reciprocal geographic distribution between high prevalence of parasitic infections and immune disorders such as allergy. Furthermore, this worm-host crosstalk mechanism can be harnessed to develop diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for human schistosomiasis and Th2-associated diseases. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02155 | Low-Molecular Weight Metabolites from Polyphenols as Effectors for Attenuating Neuroinflammation | Age-associated pathophysiological changes such as neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial conditions with increasing incidence and no existing cure. The possibility of altering the progression and development of these multifactorial diseases through diet is an attractive approach with increasing supporting data. Epidemiological and clinical studies have highlighted the health potential of diets rich in fruits and vegetables. Such food sources are rich in (poly)phenols, natural compounds increasingly associated with health benefits, having the potential to prevent or retard the development of various diseases. However, absorption and the blood concentration of (poly)phenols is very low when compared with their corresponding (poly)phenolic metabolites. Therefore, these serum-bioavailable metabolites are much more promising candidates to overcome cellular barriers and reach target tissues, such as the brain. Bearing this in mind, it will be reviewed that the molecular mechanisms underlying (poly)phenolic metabolites effects, range from 0. 1 to <50 μM and their role on neuroinflammation, a central hallmark in neurodegenerative diseases. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1039/c7se00551b | Hybrid biopolymer electrodes for lithium- and sodium-ion batteries in organic electrolytes | Hybrid biopolymers, composed of lignin and PEDOT, show enhanced storage capacity for lithium- and sodium-ion batteries. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2121391028 | Linear and Geometric Mixtures - Analysis | Linear and geometric mixtures are two methods to combine arbitrary models in data compression. Geometric mixtures generalize the empirically well-performing PAQ7 mixture. Both mixture schemes rely on weight vectors, which heavily determine their performance. Typically weight vectors are identified via Online Gradient Descent. In this work we show that one can obtain strong code length bounds for such a weight estimation scheme. These bounds hold for arbitrary input sequences. For this purpose we introduce the class of nice mixtures and analyze how Online Gradient Descent with a fixed step size combined with a nice mixture performs. These results translate to linear and geometric mixtures, which are nice, as we show. The results hold for PAQ7 mixtures as well, thus we provide the first theoretical analysis of PAQ7. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
GB 1325317D A | DYEING OF REGENERATED CELLULOSE FILAMENTS | 1325317 Dyeing regenerated cellulose with direct dyes COURTAULDS Ltd 29 Dec 1970 [30 Dec 1969] 63234/69 Heading D1B Regenerated cellulose which contains an aminoethyl ether of cellulose is dyed with a direct dye. The aminonitrogen content of the aminoethyl ether of cellulose is preferably at least 2% by weight, and is preferably at least 0.06 per cent by weight of the total cellulose. The regenerated cellulose derivative may be mixed with other filaments or fibres of different affinity for direct dyes to obtain variable dyeing effects. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
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