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10.1145/2876507 | Reducing System Power Consumption Using Check Pointing On Nonvolatile Embedded Magnetic Random Access Memories | The most widely used embedded memory technology, static random access memory (SRAM), is heading toward scaling problems in advanced technology nodes due to the leakage currents caused by the quantum tunneling effect. As an alternative, spin-transfer torque magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) technology shows comparable performance in terms of speed and power consumption and much better performance in terms of density and leakage. Moreover, MRAM brings up new paradigms in system design thanks to its inherent nonvolatility, which allows the definition of new instant-on/off policies and leakage current optimization. Based on our compact model, we have developed a fully characterized system-on-chip from the basic cell up to the system architecture in a 40nm LP hybrid CMOS/magnetic process. Through simulations, first we demonstrate that STT-MRAM is a candidate for the memory part of embedded systems, and second we implement a check-pointing methodology based on the regular interrupt routines of a processor to enable a fast power on and off functionality. Using a synthetic benchmark developed in high-level programming languages intended to be representative of integer system performance, our method shows that having MRAM instead of SRAM in an embedded design brings up important energy savings. The influence of the check-pointing routine on power consumption is finally evaluated with regard to various shutdown and restart behaviors. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1155/2016/9153024 | The Use Of Low Temperature Detectors For Direct Measurements Of The Mass Of The Electron Neutrino | Recent years have witnessed many exciting breakthroughs in neutrino physics. The detection of neutrino oscillations has proved that neutrinos are massive particles but the assessment of their absolute mass scale is still an outstanding challenge in today particle physics and cosmology. Since low temperature detectors were first proposed for neutrino physics experiments in 1984, there have been tremendous technical progresses: today this technique offers the high energy resolution and scalability required to perform competitive experiments challenging the lowest electron neutrino masses. This paper reviews the thirty-year effort aimed at realizing a calorimetric measurements with sub-eV neutrino mass sensitivity using low temperature detectors. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W1985503967 | Complete genome analysis of a novel norovirus GII.4 variant identified in China | The complete genome sequence of a novel norovirus strain GZ2010-L87 identified in Guangzhou was analyzed phylogenetically in this study. The RNA genome of the GZ2010-L87 strain is composed of 7,559 nucleotides. The phylogenetic analysis based on open reading frame (ORF) 2 revealed that the strain belongs to the GII.4 genotype, forming the new cluster GII.4-2009 which was also identified in Asia and the USA since 2009. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of the full genome and the different open reading frame sequences of GZ2010-L87 and other representative strains suggested that the novel strain did not undergo recombination. Comparative analysis with the consensus sequence of 31 completely sequenced norovirus GII.4-2009 genomes showed 86 mismatched nucleotides (56 in ORF1, 16 in ORF2, and 14 in ORF3), resulting in 19 amino acid changes (9 in ORF1, 3 in ORF2, and 7 in ORF3). Furthermore, 12 variable sites were found on the capsid protein of norovirus GII.4-2009, and most were located at the P2 domain. Meanwhile, based on comparison with other GII.4 clusters, 14 sites were shown specific to the novel cluster. In summary, the genome of the new GII.4-2009 variant GZ2010-L87, which was first identified in China, was extensively characterized with a large panel of genetically diverse noroviruses. The genomic information obtained from the novel variant can be used not only as a full-length norovirus sequence standard in China but also as reference data for future evolution research. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1111/jeb.12789 | Complex mitonuclear interactions and metabolic costs of mating in male seed beetles | The lack of evolutionary response to selection on mitochondrial genes through males predicts the evolution of nuclear genetic influence on male-specific mitochondrial function, for example by gene duplication and evolution of sex-specific expression of paralogs involved in metabolic pathways. Intergenomic epistasis may therefore be a prevalent feature of the genetic architecture of male-specific organismal function. Here, we assess the role of mitonuclear genetic variation for male metabolic phenotypes [metabolic rate and respiratory quotient (RQ)] associated with ejaculate renewal, in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus, by assaying lines with crossed combinations of distinct mitochondrial haplotypes and nuclear lineages. We found a significant increase in metabolic rate following mating relative to virgin males. Moreover, processes associated with ejaculate renewal showed variation in metabolic rate that was affected by mitonuclear interactions. Mitochondrial haplotype influenced mating-related changes in RQ, but this pattern varied over time. Mitonuclear genotype and the energy spent during ejaculate production affected the weight of the ejaculate, but the strength of this effect varied across mitochondrial haplotypes showing that the genetic architecture of male-specific reproductive function is complex. Our findings unveil hitherto underappreciated metabolic costs of mating and ejaculate renewal, and provide the first empirical demonstration of mitonuclear epistasis on male reproductive metabolic processes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
884986 | Smart household waste management | EU Waste Framework Directive targets recycling rates of 50% by 2020 for municipal waste. To reach this goal new waste management strategies need to be applied by municipalities, not only to align with EU recycling targets but also to be able to cover increasing disposal costs. Strategies should begin by making households aware of the necessity to lower their waste generation, while increasing their recycling rate. One of the most effective ways to motivate households, is through ""Pay as you throw"" (PAYT) schemes, based on the implementation of a disposal fee per household, according to the amount of waste generated. In order to be able to apply PAYT schemes, selective waste collection needs to be implemented by municipalities or waste management companies. One of the most common, is door-to-door (DtD) waste collection, as it greatly facilitates the application of PAYT schemes while promoting recycling among households. Even though, the combination of DtD collection with PAYT greatly reduces the load of waste generated, current systems to account for the amounf of waste generated per household are not accurate. They quantify based on the number of bags/bins (with a set volume) each household generates, without considering that in many occasions these bags/bins are just partially filled upon collection. Nevertheless, households are charged the same, neglecting if all the volume has been filled. A new accurate measuring system is needed. We are Distromel, a spanish company specialized in the develoment of technological solutions for the waste management market. Aiming to solve an increasing concurrent demand from private and public WM companies, we have created SmartDtD: a certified weighing and identification system (RFID number) integrated in a container that can be embedded in any truck (under EN-840).SmartDtD is a technological solution specially designed for door-to-door waste collection that will help optimize waste collection services as well as PAYT programs. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1111/epi.13592 | Correlation of FDG-PET hypometabolism and SEEG epileptogenicity mapping in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy | Objective: Interictal [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is used in the presurgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. We aimed at clarifying its relationships with ictal high-frequency oscillations (iHFOs) shown to be a relevant marker of the seizure-onset zone. Methods: We studied the correlation between FDG-PET and epileptogenicity maps in an unselected series of 37 successive patients having been explored with stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG). Results: At the group level, we found a significant correlation between iHFOs and FDG-PET interictal hypometabolism only in cases of temporal lobe epilepsy. This correlation was found with HFOs, and the same comparison between FDG-PET and ictal SEEG power of lower frequencies during the same epochs did not show the same significance. Significance: This finding suggests that interictal FDG-PET and ictal HFOs may share common underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of ictogenesis in temporal lobe epilepsy, and combining both features may help to identify the seizure-onset zone. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W4285206549 | La critica imprevista: Politica, teologia e patriarcato in Mary Astell. Eleonora Cappuccilli. Biblioteca del Giornale di Storia constituzionale 13. Macerata: Edizioni Università di Macerata, 2020. 264 pp. €15.20. | La critica imprevista: Politica, teologia e patriarcato in Mary Astell. Eleonora Cappuccilli. Biblioteca del Giornale di Storia constituzionale 13. Macerata: Edizioni Università di Macerata, 2020. 264 pp. €15.20. - Volume 75 Issue 2 | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
US 202117332739 A | BRACKET FOR MOUNTING A TABLET SHAPED DEVICE | Disclosed herein is a bracket for mounting a tablet shaped device. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W137066757 | Conséquences cardiovasculaires de l’hypothermie | Hypothermia, defined as body temperature equal to or inferior to 35℃ is often encountered in the intensive care patients. It can be accidental or therapeutic, in which case it plays a role in certain ischemia-reperfusion processes. Hypothermia has multiple cardiac and vascular effects including initial tachycardia followed by bradycardia; a preservation of myocardial contractility in case of mild or moderate hypothermia, and an initially stable or decreased cardiac index that decreases further during profound hypothermia; a decrease in myocardial and overall metabolic requirements with an increase in SvO2 resulting in a favorable or stable ratio of oxygen delivery/consumption despite the usual hypoxia-hypocapnia; an increase in overall vascular resistance despite a decrease in sensitivity to exogenous catecholamines; a tendency to hypovolemia essentially due to coldinduced diuresis. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
834788 | Global views of cell type specification and differentiation | Each cell in our body has a specific biography that is defined by its pedigree relationship with other cells (lineage) and by its history of gene expression (trajectory). A fundamental question in cellular and developmental biology has been how the lineage and trajectory of a cell lead to its specification and differentiation. Remarkable progress in genome editing and single-cell sequencing has generated the opportunity to understand this process at global scales and single-cell resolution. We have recently developed methods to reconstruct the cellular ancestry and transcriptional trajectories of cells during embryogenesis. The resulting lineage and trajectory trees can be analyzed to gain comprehensive views of how cellular diversity arises and how differentiation leads to physiologically specialized cell types. To generate such global views of cellular development, we will: 1. Define the cellular diversity and gene expression trajectories during zebrafish embryogenesis and organogenesis. Trajectory trees will be generated from scRNA-seq data and analyzed to reconstruct the gene expression pathways underlying fate specification. 2. Reveal the relationships between lineage and transcriptional trajectories during fate specification. Lineage trees will be generated by marking cells via genome editing and combined with trajectory trees to reveal the cellular paths towards fate specification. 3. Discover the gene expression cascades that remodel cells into physiologically functional types. Cell biological modules will be identified by comparing gene enrichment in differentiation trajectories and reveal the specialized and shared mechanisms of differentiation. These studies will help provide the first comprehensive and global view of the trajectories and lineages underlying vertebrate development. Our focus is on the zebrafish model system, but the data and concepts developed in this project will be applicable to other developmental and cellular systems. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W3092274080 | Tuft Flow Visualisation on UTM-LST VFE-2 Delta Wing Model Configuration at High Angle of Attacks | This paper reports on flow visualisation and surface pressure measurements over the upper surface of a blunt-edged delta wing model at high angles of attack. The flow structure above the upper surface of the blunt-edged delta wing was found to be different compared to delta wing with sharp leading edge. The flow becomes more complicated especially in the leading edge region of the wing. Currently, there is no data available to verify if the primary vortex could reach the apex of the wing when the angle of attack is further increased. Most prior experiments were performed at the angles of attack, α, below 23° with only a few experiments that had gone to α = 27°. These prior experiments and some CFD works stipulated that the attached flow continue to exist in the apex region of the delta wing even at very high angles of attack above 23°. In order to verify this hypothesis, several experiments at high angles of attack were conducted in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Low Speed wind Tunnel (UTM–LST), using a specially constructed VFE2 wing model equipped with blunt leading edges. This series of experiments employed two measurement techniques; the first was the long tuft flow visualisation method, followed by surface pressure measurements. The experiments were performed at Reynolds numbers of 1.0×106 and 1.5×106. During these experiments, several interesting flow characteristics were observed at high angles of attack, mainly that the flow became more sensitive to changes in Reynolds number and the angles of attack of the wing. When the Reynolds number increased from 1×106 to 1.5×106, the upstream progression of the initial point of the main vortex was relatively delayed compared to the sharp-edged delta wing. The experiments also showed that the flow continued to be attached in the apex region up to α = 27º. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/s10853-013-7200-5 | Microstructure and microtexture in pure copper processed by high-pressure torsion | The evolution of microstructure and microtexture in high purity copper was examined after processing by high-pressure torsion (HPT). Copper disks were annealed for 1 h at 800 C and later processed monotonously in HPT at ambient temperature for 1/4, 1/2, 1, and 5 turns under a pressure of 6. 0 GPa. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) measurements were taken for each disk at three positions: center, mid-radius, and near-edge. Results from EBSD for samples processed between 1/4 and 1 turn indicate the formation of Σ3 twin boundaries by recrystallization before complete microstructural refinement. The results show a gradual increase in the homogeneity of the microstructure with increasing numbers of turns, reaching a stabilized ultrafine-grained structure at 5 turns with a bimodal distribution of fine and coarse grains of 0. 15 and 0. 5 μm in diameter, respectively. The occurrence of recrystallization in the early straining stages was further supported by examining microtexture development with increasing numbers of turns, where this shows a gradual transition from a shear texture to a mixture of shear and recrystallization and later to a shear texture at high HPT strains. The promotion of recrystallization during HPT is probably related to the high purity of the copper. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
759659 | The neuroenergetics of memory consolidation – hybrid PET/MR imaging of the default mode network | Since its discovery more than a decade ago, the most studied network in the human brain remains a paradox. The default mode network (DMN) is most active during the resting state and deactivates once subjects engage in goal directed behavior. Although reported in hundreds of studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the function of the DMN is still unknown. I hypothesize that memories are consolidated in the DMN during resting state, a process that is interrupted once we engage in cognitive processing. This hypothesis is based on two complementary and recent findings. First, brain regions involved in encoding of novel or retrieval of consolidated memories strongly resemble regions of the DMN. Second, the DMN consumes most glucose during resting state as revealed by positron emission tomography (PET). Importantly, energy in the brain is mainly dedicated to neuronal signaling and synaptic plasticity related to memory consolidation.
To test my hypothesis, I will use hybrid PET/MR imaging to simultaneously study fMRI activity and energy metabolism of the DMN during episodic memory processing. Integrating this novel imaging approach with my recently developed brain connectivity methods, I will (i) identify the metabolic baseline of fMRI-deactivations in the DMN, (ii) track the metabolic demand and directional connectivity in the DMN during memory consolidation, and (iii) evaluate non-invasive brain stimulation as a therapeutic option to modulate memory consolidation. The DMN is massively disturbed in psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety and affective disorders. SUGARCODING aims at uncovering memory consolidation as a universal function of the DMN that seems to critically orchestrate the human mind and its pathological deviations.
... | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1885814720 | Advertising to businesses: Does creativity matter? | Abstract Business-to-business advertising research has long been grounded in rationality with a focus on factual, functional, benefit-laden messages. However, in consumer advertising, psychological differentiators, such creativity, are frequently used to increase advertising effectiveness. With growing evidence that consumer marketing concepts apply to business buyers, this research investigates the effect advertising creativity has on the organizational buying process. Using an online survey, we present actual advertisements to managers in the B2B environment. Our results provide strong evidence that message creativity influences business managers' response toward advertising for site selection. Creative ads generated stronger shifts in attitudes toward the ad, attitudes toward the brand, and behavioral intentions. The results extend previous research on the role of creativity in advertising to a business-to-business context. The results also challenge conventional wisdom and dominant practices in advertising to businesses. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
170073 | Global systems rapid assessment tools through constraint functional languages | The making of policies coping with Global Systems is a process that necessarily involves stakeholders from diverse disciplines, each with their own interests, constraints and objectives. People play a central role in such collective decision making and the quest for solutions to a problem generally intertwines its very specification.
Simulators can assist in this process provided they employ adequate high-level modelling to separate the political question from the underlying scientific details. Domain-specific Languages (DSL) embedded in Functional Programming (FP) languages offer a promising way to implement scalable and verifiable simulators. But the use of simulators is essentially a trial-and-error process too tedious for execution in a group session. A paradigm shift is needed towards active problem solving where stakeholders’ objectives can be taken along from the very beginning. Constraint Programming (CP) has demonstrated to enable such a shift for e.g. managed physical systems like water and power networks.
This project lays the base for a DSL aimed at building scalable Rapid Assessment Tools for collective policy making in global systems. This can be achieved through foundational scientific work at different levels: from the high-level, political modelling, adapting the social discipline of Group Model Building (as used in business organizations), through visual forms of CP as well as gamification aspects, down to the needs for a host language, combining CP and FP. Special emphasis is put on domain-specific constraints, constraint composition, and composable solvers and heuristics.
Results are applied and validated for the problem case of Climate-Resilient Urban Design, but the ambition is a general framework applicable to many other systems. The case study is assessed by an external multi-disciplinary Advisory Board of Stakeholders that guides the specification process and evaluates needs and usability of the tools. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
3727885 | A general method for developing high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes based on aie-active room-temperature phosphorescent polymers | Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as displays and luminaires have generated enormous attention because of their unique advantages compared to other lighting and display technologies. These include the capacity to fabricate ultra-thin, flexible and transparent devices that additionally have a much lower power consumption. Limited by the electron spin statistics, the maximum internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of conventional fluorescent OLEDs is only 25%. In contrast, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) can theoretically realize 100% IQE by recruiting triplet excitons and converting them into singlet excitons via reverse intersystem crossing. Most TADF materials must be doped into a rigid host matrix in order to suppress aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and other nonradiative processes. An alternative mechanism where 100% IQE can be realized is room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). This proposal targets the development of polymers that are both RTP and show aggregation induced emission (AIE). This permits these materials to be used as high-efficiency emitters in low-cost solution-processed OLEDs. Due to the synergistic effect of AIE, RTP, and polymer, high-efficiency RTP materials can be developed in the amorphous state, a previously undocumented advance in materials development. Through this research proposal, a general road map for simple and high-efficiency PLEDs will be constructed based on AIE-RTP polymers. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
714222 | The impact of flight experiences on the psychological wellbeing of unaccompanied refugee minors | Since early 2015, the media continuously confront us with images of refugee children drowning in the Mediterranean, surviving in appalling conditions in camps or walking across Europe. Within this group of fleeing children, a considerable number is travelling without parents, the unaccompanied refugee minors.
While the media images testify to these flight experiences and their possible huge impact on unaccompanied minors’ wellbeing, there has been no systematic research to fully capture these experiences, nor their mental health impact. Equally, no evidence exists on whether the emotional impact of these flight experiences should be differentiated from the impact of the traumatic events these minors endured in their home country or from the daily stressors in the country of settlement.
This project aims to fundamentally increase our knowledge of the impact of experiences during the flight in relation to past trauma and current stressors. To achieve this aim, it is essential to set up a longitudinal follow-up of a large group of unaccompanied refugee minors, whereby our study starts from different transit countries, crosses several European countries, and uses innovative methodological and mixed-methods approaches. I will hereby not only document the psychological impact these flight experiences may have, but also the way in which care and reception structures for unaccompanied minors in both transit and settlement countries can contribute to reducing this mental health impact.
This proposal will fundamentally change the field of migration studies, by introducing a whole new area of study and novel methodological approaches to study these themes. Moreover, other fields, such as trauma studies, will be directly informed by the project, as also clinical, educational and social work interventions for victims of multiple trauma. Last, the findings on the impact of reception and care structures will be highly informative for policy makers and practitioners. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
W1494943230 | Análisis de distribuciones estadísticas alternativas a las tradicionales para la optimación de los caudales de cálculo empleados en los estudios hidrológicos | espanolEl objetivo principal de la presente tesis es estudiar el comportamiento de nuevas distribuciones estadisticas nunca empleadas en hidrologia. Para esto, se realiza un exhaustivo estudio comparando los ajustes de bondad y los caudales arrojados por las distribuciones estadisticas clasicas, Gumbel[1], SQRT-ET max, Log Pearson tipo 3 con otras distribuciones estadisticas mas recientemente aplicadas en otros campos de la ciencia, como econometria, renta o medicina, como por ejemplo la distribucion de Burr, Dagum , Pearson 5 perteneciente a la familia de distribuciones Pearson, y la distribucion Log-Logistic propuesta por Shoukri en Canada para los estudios hidrologicos. Se realiza el estudio con los datos de maximas lluvias anuales de 53 estaciones meteorologicas de la provincia de Badajoz. Como objetivo secundario, se comparan las llanuras de inundabilidad que se delimitan mediante el unico uso de medios informaticos, con fotografias y curvas digitales 0,5 metro/pixel y 0,25 metro/pixel y cartografia digital 1:10.000 y 1:1.000, aplicando sistemas de informacion geografica, con las que se establecen mediante la topografia manual clasica o de campo, con el fin de analizar las diferencias entre la topografia digitalizada frente a la manual en este tipo de trabajos. EnglishThe main objective of this thesis is to study the behavior of new never used statistical distributions in hydrology. For this is an exhaustive study comparing goodness settings and flow thrown by the classical statistical distributions, Gumbel, max ET SQRT, Log Pearson type 3 with other statistical distributions most recently applied in other fields of science, such as econometrics, rent or medicine, such as Burr distribution, Dagum, Pearson 5 belonging to Pearson family of distributions, and the Log-Logistic proposal by Shoukri in Canada for hydrological studies. Is performed study with high annual rainfall data of 53 stations weather in the province of Badajoz. A secondary objective of comparing the flooding plains that are delimited by the sole use of computers, with photographs and digital curves 0.5 meters / pixel and 0.25 meters / pixel and digital mapping 1:10,000 and 1:1,000, using geographic information systems, with by establishing topography classic handbook or field, with To analyze the differences between digitized topography against manual topography in this type of work. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1814015116 | PILS6 is a temperature-sensitive regulator of nuclear auxin input and organ growth in Arabidopsis thaliana | Temperature modulates growth and development throughout the entire lifecycle of a plant. High temperature (HT) triggers the auxin biosynthesis-dependent growth in aerial tissues. On the other hand, the contribution of auxin to HT-induced root growth is currently under debate. Here we show that the putative intracellular auxin carrier PIN-LIKES 6 (PILS6) is a negative regulator of organ growth and that its abundance is highly sensitive to HT. PILS6 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and limits the nuclear availability of auxin, consequently reducing the auxin signaling output. HT represses the PILS6 protein abundance, which impacts on PILS6-dependent auxin signaling in roots and root expansion. Accordingly, we hypothesize that PILS6 is part of an alternative mechanism linking HT to auxin responses in roots. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1063/1.3676055 | Long Term Retention In Organic Ferroelectric Graphene Memories | Long-term stability of high- and low-resistance states in full-organic ferroelectrically gated graphene transistors is an essential prerequisite for memory applications. Here, we demonstrate high retention performance for both memory states with fully saturated time-dependence of the graphene channel resistance. This behavior is in contrast with ferroelectric-polymer-gated silicon field-effect-transistors, where the gap between the two memory states continuously decreases with time. Before reaching saturation, the current decays exponentially as predicted by the retention model based on the charge injection into the interface-adjacent layer. The drain current saturation attests to a high quality of the graphene/ferroelectric interface with low density of charge traps. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2091738781 | The overlapping of national IC and innovation systems | Purpose This paper aims to present a focus for identifying the convergence between the theory of the intellectual capital of nations and that of the National Systems of Innovation from the literature of innovation systems, with the aim of providing a more robust theoretical framework to explore the drivers of intangibles and the policies which foster competitiveness through the development of the national intellectual capital platforms. Design/methodology/approach Selecting 28 indicators which best fit the analyzed theoretic principles and taking into account the member countries of the European Union as a sample (15) with the data taken from the IMD, a simple analysis of the seven‐year (2000‐2006) window was carried out to compare the intangibles pointed out in the two aforementioned perspectives. Findings The homogeneity of the results using models of measurement of intellectual capital of countries with those obtained through the models of the National Systems of Innovation prove the considerable convergence between these two theoretic fields, validating the hypotheses proposed in the study. Research limitations/implications The system provided is not an exhaustive use of all the available measures and countries. A more comprehensive practical application on more countries and indicators would be necessary to validate the model. Practical implications The study has implications for the business, politicians and academia. The study opens new lines of research in the sense that it advocates a theoretical approximation and the integration of the abundant literature on the National Systems of Innovation as basic drivers to explain the intangibles at a macro level, their management and politics related to the maintaining and renewal of said assets of intellectual capital. Originality/value To the best of the authors' knowledge, so far no study analyzing this convergence has been designed or published. This paper extends and adds robustness to the national IC measurement model to help policymakers and scholars. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1021/cg101360d | HiLiDe-systematic approach to membrane protein crystallization in lipid and detergent | To obtain the initial crystallization hit and the subsequent optimization remain the major bottlenecks in membrane protein structure determination. Here we describe an approach to achieve diffraction quality membrane protein crystals in high concentrations of lipid and detergent (HILIDE). Initial hits are achieved through a controlled variation of the membrane protein/lipid/detergent ratios, and optimized crystals are established by systematic screening with secondary detergents at concentrations that are adapted for the method. The approach is generally applicable for native and heterologously expressed membrane proteins, and it is compatible with any crystallization method, such as vapor diffusion and batch crystallization under oil. The method provides a user defined lipidic environment and is in itself not limited to lipids with particular properties, such as the lipid-phase crystallization methods. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
RU 2008114837 A | ПОЛИЭФИРЫ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЕ АЛЮМИНИЙ/ЩЕЛОЧНОЙ МЕТАЛЛ ИЛИ ЩЕЛОЧЬ/ТИТАН, КОТОРЫЕ ОБЛАДАЮТ ЛУЧШЕЙ СПОСОБНОСТЬЮ К ПОВТОРНОМУ НАГРЕВУ, ЛУЧШИМ ЦВЕТОМ И ПРОЗРАЧНОСТЬЮ | 1. Полиэфирная композиция, которая включает полиэфирные полимеры и: ! а) атомы алюминия; и ! b) атомы щелочноземельного металла, или атомы щелочного металла, или остатки щелочного соединения; и ! с) частицы, которые содержат атомы титана, циркония, ванадия, ниобия, гафния, тантала, хрома, вольфрама, молибдена, железа или никеля или их комбинации. ! 2. Композиция по п.1, где частицы включают соединения переходных металлов, которые содержат атомы бора, углерода и азота; переходные металлы в элементарной форме и сплавы переходных металлов, где атомы переходных металлов представляют собой атомы титана, циркония, ванадия, ниобия, гафния, тантала, хрома, вольфрама, молибдена, железа или никеля, или их комбинации. ! 3. Композиция по п.2, где средний размер частиц составляет в диапазоне от приблизительно 1 до приблизительно 500 нм, и где частицы присутствуют в количестве, составляющем от приблизительно 1 до приблизительно 50 ч./млн от общей массы полиэфирной композиции. ! 4. Композиция по п.1, где указанные частицы содержат нитрид титана. ! 5. Композиция по п.1, где полиэфирный полимер получают взаимодействием кислотного компонента, содержащего, по крайней мере, 85 мол.% терефталевой кислоты, нафталиновой кислоты или их С1-С4 диалкиловых эфиров, с диольным компонентом, содержащим, по крайней мере, 90 мол.% этиленгликоля по отношению к мольному проценту для всех кислотных компонентов, составляющему 100 мол.%, и мольному проценту для всех диольных компонентов, составляющему 100 мол.%. ! 6. Композиция по п.5, где кислотный компонент модифицируют изофталевой кислотой, циклогександикарбоновой кислотой, нафталин-2,6-дикарбоновой кислотой, или их комбинациями, � | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1117/12.2191970 | Fiber Laser Sensor System Based On A Random Mirror And A Compound Ring Resonator For Displacement Measurements | In this work, we present a random laser sensor system for increasing simultaneously the sensitivity and interrogation stability of a fiber-optic displacement sensor. The system is based on a random distributed fiber laser modulated by a double-coupler ring resonator within which is placed the sensor. This allows to increase the sensitivity of the sensor and also its interrogation stability. The experimental results show a dynamic range increment (and consequently its sensitivity) of 10dB. Moreover, by using this laser-based interrogation system, the instability is reduced to 0. 04 dB. In addition, wavelength filtering elements are not required, simplifying the system. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pgen.1005299 | MreB-Dependent Inhibition of Cell Elongation during the Escape from Competence in Bacillus subtilis | During bacterial exponential growth, the morphogenetic actin-like MreB proteins form membrane-associated assemblies that move processively following trajectories perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. Such MreB structures are thought to scaffold and restrict the movement of peptidoglycan synthesizing machineries, thereby coordinating sidewall elongation. In Bacillus subtilis, this function is performed by the redundant action of three MreB isoforms, namely MreB, Mbl and MreBH. mreB and mbl are highly transcribed from vegetative promoters. We have found that their expression is maximal at the end of exponential phase, and rapidly decreases to a low basal level upon entering stationary phase. However, in cells developing genetic competence, a stationary phase physiological adaptation, expression of mreB was specifically reactivated by the central competence regulator ComK. In competent cells, MreB was found in complex with several competence proteins by in vitro pull-down assays. In addition, it co-localized with the polar clusters formed by the late competence peripheral protein ComGA, in a ComGA-dependent manner. ComGA has been shown to be essential for the inhibition of cell elongation characteristic of cells escaping the competence state. We show here that the pathway controlling this elongation inhibition also involves MreB. Our findings suggest that ComGA sequesters MreB to prevent cell elongation and therefore the escape from competence. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1002/adfm.201303994 | Improved exciton dissociation at semiconducting polymer:ZnO donor:acceptor interfaces via nitrogen doping of ZnO | Exciton dissociation at the zinc oxide/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (ZnO/P3HT) interface as a function of nitrogen doping of the zinc oxide, which decreases the electron concentration from approximately 1019 cm-3 to 1017 cm-3, is reported. Exciton dissociation and device photocurrent are strongly improved with nitrogen doping. This improved dissociation of excitons in the conjugated polymer is found to result from enhanced light-induced de-trapping of electrons from the surface of the nitrogen-doped ZnO. The ability to improve the surface properties of ZnO by introducing a simple nitrogen dopant has general applicability. Nitrogen doping of ZnO is shown to dramatically improve exciton dissociation at the interface between ZnO and a conjugated polymer. The improvements in exciton dissociation and device photocurrent follow from a reduction in the ZnO electron concentration and enhanced light-induced de-trapping of electrons from the surface of the nitrogen-doped ZnO. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2969765326 | Hiatuses in the late Pliocene–Pleistocene stratigraphy of the Ioffe calcareous contourite drift, western South Atlantic | Abstract The Ioffe Drift located in the Antarctic Bottom Water pathway from the Vema Channel to the Brazil Basin provides a suitable site to study past variations in bottom contour currents and their contribution to erosion and accumulation of deep-sea sediments. Our previous study of the reference core AI-2436 from the drift summit (Ivanova et al., 2016a) documented the stratigraphic sequence of the uppermost part of the sedimentary cover ranging from the recent through upper Pliocene, the reduced thickness and/or absence of biostratigraphic zones, and the occurrence of several hiatuses. Here, we provide the multi-proxy biostratigraphic, magnetic susceptibility (MS), color reflectance and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data in the sediment cores AI-3318 from the summit and AI-3316 from the NE slope of the Ioffe Drift. The new data report numerous long- and short-term stratigraphic gaps over the last ~3 Ma. An interval of specific high-amplitude peaks representing abrupt changes in volume MS and XRF variability is identified from 2.51/2.59 to ~1.9 Ma which can likely serve as a regional stratigraphic benchmark in the future studies of deep-sea contourites. The correlation of three sediment records from the drift suggests that the most pronounced series of hiatuses, associated with enhanced AABW flow intensity occurred from 1.6 to ~0.81 Ma (i.e. roughly, during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition), and from 2.51/2.59 to ~1.9 Ma (i.e. covers the onset of the modern-type deep-water circulation in the South Atlantic (Turnau and Ledbetter (1989)). Comparison of the studied sediment records with DSDP Site 516 reveals reduced thickness of all recovered biostratigraphic zones and more often occurrence of hiatuses in the Ioffe Drift than on the Rio Grande Rise suggesting more vigorous contour currents in the former area. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1070/IM2013v077n01ABEH002633 | Sandwich theorems for Shioda-Inose structures | We give a geometric construction of three infinite families of K3-surfaces which are sandwiched by Kummer surfaces within a Shioda- Inose structure. Explicit examples are also given. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1186/s12862-015-0421-2 | Sex-specific effects of sympatric mitonuclear variation on fitness in Drosophila subobscura Genome evolution and evolutionary systems biology Genome evolution and evolutionary systems biology | Background: A number of recent studies have shown that the pattern of mitochondrial DNA variation and evolution is at odds with a neutral equilibrium model. Theory has suggested that selection on mitonuclear genotypes can act to maintain stable mitonuclear polymorphism within populations. However, this effect largely relies upon selection being either sex-specific or frequency dependent. Here, we use mitonuclear introgression lines to assess differences in a series of key life-history traits (egg-to-adult developmental time, viability, offspring sex-ratio, adult longevity and resistance to desiccation) in Drosophila subobscura fruit flies carrying one of three different sympatric mtDNA haplotypes. Results: We found functional differences between these sympatric mtDNA haplotypes, but these effects were contingent upon the nuclear genome with which they were co-expressed. Further, we demonstrate a significant mitonuclear genetic effect on adult sex ratio, as well as a sex∈×∈mtDNA∈×∈nuDNA interaction for adult longevity. Conclusions: The observed effects suggest that sex specific mitonuclear selection contributes to the maintenance of mtDNA polymorphism and to mitonuclear linkage disequilibrium in this model system. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1483-13.2013 | Sodium Mediated Plateau Potentials In Lumbar Motoneurons Of Neonatal Rats | The development and the ionic nature of bistable behavior in lumbar motoneurons were investigated in rats. One week after birth, almost all (∼80%) ankle extensor motoneurons recorded in whole-cell configuration displayed self-sustained spiking in response to a brief depolarization that emerged when the temperature was raised >30°C. The effect of L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers on self-sustained spiking was variable, whereas blockade of the persistent sodium current (I(NaP)) abolished them. When hyperpolarized, bistable motoneurons displayed a characteristic slow afterdepolarization (sADP). The sADPs generated by repeated depolarizing pulses summed to promote a plateau potential. The sADP was tightly associated with the emergence of Ca(2+) spikes. Substitution of extracellular Na(+) or chelation of intracellular Ca(2+) abolished both sADP and the plateau potential without affecting Ca(2+) spikes. These data suggest a key role of a Ca(2+)-activated nonselective cation conductance ((CaN)) in generating the plateau potential. In line with this, the blockade of (CaN) by flufenamate abolished both sADP and plateau potentials. Furthermore, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a common activator of thermo-sensitive vanilloid transient receptor potential (TRPV) cation channels, promoted the sADP. Among TRPV channels, only the selective activation of TRPV2 channels by probenecid promoted the sADP to generate a plateau potential. To conclude, bistable behaviors are, to a large extent, determined by the interplay between three currents: L-type I(Ca), I(NaP), and a Na(+)-mediated I(CaN) flowing through putative TRPV2 channels. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1038/nature16187 | Autophagy maintains stemness by preventing senescence | During ageing, muscle stem-cell regenerative function declines. At advanced geriatric age, this decline is maximal owing to transition from a normal quiescence into an irreversible senescence state. How satellite cells maintain quiescence and avoid senescence until advanced age remains unknown. Here we report that basal autophagy is essential to maintain the stem-cell quiescent state in mice. Failure of autophagy in physiologically aged satellite cells or genetic impairment of autophagy in young cells causes entry into senescence by loss of proteostasis, increased mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, resulting in a decline in the function and number of satellite cells. Re-establishment of autophagy reverses senescence and restores regenerative functions in geriatric satellite cells. As autophagy also declines in human geriatric satellite cells, our findings reveal autophagy to be a decisive stem-cell-fate regulator, with implications for fostering muscle regeneration in sarcopenia. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1039/c7sc01277b | Photoelectrocatalytic H2 evolution in water with molecular catalysts immobilised on p-Si via a stabilising mesoporous TiO2 interlayer | A versatile platform for the immobilisation of molecular catalysts on a readily-prepared Si photocathode with a mesoporous TiO2 layer is reported. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1498078043 | Advanced Methods of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modeling | Fuel cells are widely regarded as the future of the power and transportation industries. Intensive research in this area now requires new methods of fuel cell operation modeling and cell design. Typical mathematical models are based on the physical process description of fuel cells and require a detailed knowledge of the microscopic properties that govern both chemical and electrochemical reactions. Advanced Methods of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modeling proposes the alternative methodology of generalized artificial neural networks (ANN) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) modeling. Advanced Methods of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modeling provides a comprehensive description of modern fuel cell theory and a guide to the mathematical modeling of SOFCs, with particular emphasis on the use of ANNs. Up to now, most of the equations involved in SOFC models have required the addition of numerous factors that are difficult to determine. The artificial neural network (ANN) can be applied to simulate an objects behavior without an algorithmic solution, merely by utilizing available experimental data. The ANN methodology discussed in Advanced Methods of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modeling can be used by both researchers and professionals to optimize SOFC design. Readers will have access to detailed material on universal fuel cell modeling and design process optimization, and will also be able to discover comprehensive information on fuel cells and artificial intelligence theory. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1525471222 | Relación entre el clima organizacional y la satisfacción del cliente en una empresa de servicios telefónicos | The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship grade between the organizational climate and the client's satisfaction. With this end you applies a scale of Organizational Climate to a group of 200 employees of the company Telefonica of the Peru and a Questionnaire of Satisfaction to their respective clients. The Main Hypothesis pointed out that relationship existed between the Organizational Climate and the Client's Satisfaction in the sense that is increased when improving the Organizational Climate the Client's Satisfaction. The main conclusion checked that there is relationship among the two variables, that is to say, the organizational climate is related with the client's satisfaction. At level of the specific hypotheses he/she was proven that the Interpersonal Relationships, the Style of Address, the Sense of Ownership, the Retribution, the Stability, the Clarity and Coherence of the Address and the Collective Values were related significantly with the client's satisfaction in the company Telefonica of the Peru. He/she was not relationship between the Distribution of Recur-sos and the client's satisfaction in the company Telefonica of the Peru.
Key Words: Organizational climate; Satisfaction of the Client; Attention to the Client; Quality of the Service. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.001 | Seeds of Locally Aligned Motion and Stress Coordinate a Collective Cell Migration | We find how collective migration emerges from mechanical information transfer between cells. Local alignment of cell velocity and mechanical stress orientation - a phenomenon dubbed "plithotaxis" - plays a crucial role in inducing coordinated migration. Leader cells at the monolayer edge better align velocity and stress to migrate faster toward the open space. Local seeds of enhanced motion then generate stress on neighboring cells to guide their migration. Stress-induced motion propagates into the monolayer as well as along the monolayer boundary to generate increasingly larger clusters of coordinately migrating cells that move faster with enhanced alignment of velocity and stress. Together, our analysis provides a model of long-range mechanical communication between cells, in which plithotaxis translates local mechanical fluctuations into globally collective migration of entire tissues. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1016/j.copbio.2016.10.008 | Use of metabotyping for optimal nutrition | In recent years there has been general agreement that dietary advice needs to be tailored to the individual and that we need to move from a one size fits all approach. Evidence has emerged that personalising dietary advice results in improved dietary behaviours. Concomitant with this there has been an increase in the application of developing technologies such as metabolomics to nutrition studies. The concept of the metabotype has emerged and set to play a key role in the development and delivery or personalised nutrition. The term metabotype refers to a group of individuals with similar metabolic profiles. This review gives an overview of the potential role of this approach in delivering optimal nutrition advice. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12424 | Maternal Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy Exposure and Language and Communication Skills of Offspring at 8 Years of Age | Importance: Hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with neurodevelopmental delays in the offspring. However, it remains unknown whether prenatal thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) has benefits regarding children's language and communication skills. Objective: To quantify associations between prenatal THRT exposure and risk of language impairment diagnosis and parent-reported symptoms of language and communication skill deficits in offspring at 8 years of age. Design, Setting, and Participants: The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), a nationwide population-based cohort study, recruited pregnant women from throughout Norway between June 1999 and December 2008. MoBa was linked to several nationwide registries: the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry, Norwegian Prescription Database, and Norwegian Patient Registry. For this study, the analyzed cohort was restricted to singleton pregnancies resulting in a live-born infant, enrolled in the MoBa between 2005 and 2008. Statistical analysis was performed from January 2 to May 7, 2019. Exposures: In both study samples, mother-child pairs were categorized into 3 mutually exclusive groups: THRT exposure during pregnancy, based on dispensed prescription records; unexposed to THRT during pregnancy (population comparison); and mothers initiating THRT after delivery (THRT after delivery), comprising incident postpartum THRT users. Main Outcomes and Measures: Two defined study samples were analyzed with different outcome measures. In the Norwegian Patient Registry sample, outcome was defined by a diagnosis of language and speech impairment. In the MoBa sample, children were followed up until age 8 years via parental self-completed questionnaires. Hazard ratios were calculated for language impairment diagnosis, estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression. Standardized mean score (β) was calculated for parent-reported symptoms of language and communication deficits, estimated using generalized linear models. Results: The Norwegian Patient Registry sample included 53862 mother-child pairs (mean [SD] age, 30. 4 [4. 6] years; offspring, 26 145 girls and 27717 boys; 1204 pairs exposed to THRT [2. 2%]) and the MoBa sample included 23686 mother-child pairs (mean [SD] age, 30. 8 [4. 4] years; offspring, 11536 girls and 12150 boys; 532 pairs exposed to THRT [2. 2%]). Language and speech impairment diagnosis was not significantly associated with prenatal THRT exposure compared with the unexposed group (adjusted hazard ratio, 0. 75; 95% CI, 0. 38-1. 43) or the THRT after delivery group (adjusted hazard ratio, 0. 63; 95% CI, 0. 26-1. 53). Language outcomes also did not significantly differ between these groups. Conclusions and Relevance: There was no significant difference in child outcomes between children exposed to THRT in the prenatal period compared with children in the population comparison group. These results support current guidelines recommending hypothyroidism treatment during pregnancy. Future research should further examine the use of THRT after delivery or a proper disease comparison group. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.018 | Microglia/macrophages migrate through retinal epithelium barrier by a transcellular route in diabetic retinopathy: Role of PKCζ in the Goto Kakizaki rat model | Diabetic retinopathy is associated with ocular inflammation, leading to retinal barrier breakdown, macular edema, and visual cell loss. We investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in microglia/macrophages trafficking in the retina and the role of protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) in this process. Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats, a model for spontaneous type 2 diabetes were studied until 12 months of hyperglycemia. Up to 5 months, sparse microglia/macrophages were detected in the subretinal space, together with numerous pores in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, allowing inflammatory cell traffic between the retina and choroid. Intercellular adhesion molecule1 (ICAM-1), caveolin-1 (CAV-1), and PKCζ were identified at the pore border. At 12 months of hyperglycemia, the significant reduction of pores density in RPE cell layer was associated with microglia/macrophages accumulation in the subretinal space together with vacuolization of RPE cells and disorganization of photoreceptors outer segments. The intraocular injection of a PKCζ inhibitor at 12 months reduced iNOS expression in microglia/macrophages and inhibited their migration through the retina, preventing their subretinal accumulation. We show here that a physiological transcellular pathway takes place through RPE cells and contributes to microglia/macrophages retinal trafficking. Chronic hyperglycemia causes alteration of this pathway and subsequent subretinal accumulation of activated microglia/macrophages. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
771402 | EPIDEMICS in ant societies ON a CHIP | Living in societies amplifies the risk of getting sick, as pathogens can easily spread along the dense social interaction networks of the hosts. Sanitary care and the organisational structure of societies are expected to limit the risk of epidemics. Yet, how the defences of the individual group members scale-up, combine and synergise towards society-level protection, is poorly understood, as the majority of societies can only be studied via correlational and modeling approaches. Insect societies provide a powerful system for experimental studies, as whole societies are accessible for surveillance and manipulative approaches. We can monitor every behavioural interaction between all members, determine their effects on colony-wide disease spread and replicate experiments arbitrarily. The fitness effects of collective disease defences can be quantified, as they result in a single fitness measure of colony productivity. This is because all members of a social insect colony form a reproductive entity composed of the reproductive queens and males and their sterile workers. I will use an ant host–fungal pathogen system to find out how initial infection develops into an epidemic, and, in turn, how colony-level defence emerges from the interactions between its members. To infer effect from cause, I will not only observe the colony after initial infection of a subset of colony members, but also manipulate the sanitary behaviours and spatiotemporal interaction of host individuals. To this end, I will engineer an automatised platform, following the principles of lab-on-a-chip techniques, to individually target and manipulate colony members, and to quantify their behaviours. Fitness effects will be read out by the quantity and quality of reproductive offspring in the next generation. Such a long-term whole-colony approach is required for understanding the evolution of social immunity, that is, how disease shapes society and how society shapes disease. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-020-19740-7 | The dark exciton ground state promotes photon-pair emission in individual perovskite nanocrystals | Cesium lead halide perovskites exhibit outstanding optical and electronic properties for a wide range of applications in optoelectronics and for light-emitting devices. Yet, the physics of the band-edge exciton, whose recombination is at the origin of the photoluminescence, is not elucidated. Here, we unveil the exciton fine structure of individual cesium lead iodide perovskite nanocrystals and demonstrate that it is governed by the electron-hole exchange interaction and nanocrystal shape anisotropy. The lowest-energy exciton state is a long-lived dark singlet state, which promotes the creation of biexcitons at low temperatures and thus correlated photon pairs. These bright quantum emitters in the near-infrared have a photon statistics that can readily be tuned from bunching to antibunching, using magnetic or thermal coupling between dark and bright exciton sublevels. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.3389/fmolb.2018.00096 | Modeling meets metabolomics-the wormjam consensus model as basis for metabolic studies in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans | Metabolism is one of the attributes of life and supplies energy and building blocks to organisms. Therefore, understanding metabolism is crucial for the understanding of complex biological phenomena. Despite having been in the focus of research for centuries, our picture of metabolism is still incomplete. Metabolomics, the systematic analysis of all small molecules in a biological system, aims to close this gap. In order to facilitate such investigations a blueprint of the metabolic network is required. Recently, several metabolic network reconstructions for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans have been published, each having unique features. We have established the WormJam Community to merge and reconcile these (and other unpublished models) into a single consensus metabolic reconstruction. In a series of workshops and annotation seminars this model was refined with manual correction of incorrect assignments, metabolite structure and identifier curation as well as addition of new pathways. The WormJam consensus metabolic reconstruction represents a rich data source not only for in silico network-based approaches like flux balance analysis, but also for metabolomics, as it includes a database of metabolites present in C. elegans, which can be used for annotation. Here we present the process of model merging, correction and curation and give a detailed overview of the model. In the future it is intended to expand the model toward different tissues and put special emphasizes on lipid metabolism and secondary metabolism including ascaroside metabolism in accordance to their central role in C. elegans physiology. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W87624866 | ANALISIS EFISIENSI PENGGUNAANFAKTOR-FAKTOR PRODUKSIPADA USAHATANI PADI ORGANIK DAN PADIANORGANIK(Studi kasus: Kecamatan Sambirejo, Kabupaten Sragen) | Organic farming, which is environmentally friendly and produces healthy
food, began in earnest after the appearance of environmental impact of chemical
use in agriculture in the era of green revolution. Sragen regency is one of the
driving force of organic farming, especially organic rice. Averagely, productivity
of organic rice in Sragen in 2001 to 2008 showed a higher yield than productivity
of inorganic rice. By comparing the productivity and the amount quantity of rice
production in Sragen, high-productivity of organic rice production has a
relatively lower number than inorganic rice production that has a lowproductivity.
The quantity is about 10% of the total quantity of inorganic rice
production.
This study aimed to, first, to analyze the influence of factors of production
of organic and inorganic rice, second, to analyze the level of efficiency as well as
to determine the income and expenses of organic rice farming in Sukorejo Village
inorganic rice farming in Jambeyan Village, Sambirejo district, Sragen Regency.
The research method uses multiple regression analysis and frontier analysis using
crosssection data sourced from the primary data.
Based on survey result, revealed that the factors of production such as
land, seeds, and fertilizer, have a positive impact on the quantity of organic rice
production, while labor have a positive but insignificant impact. The most
influencing factor is land. While inorganic rice farming, factors of production
such as land and fertilizer have a positive and significant impact o quantity of rice
production, while pesticide has a negative and significant impact, and seeds and
labor have positive and significant impact. Value of technical efficiency of
organic rice is 0.963, it shows that organic rice farming in the study area is not
technically efficient, thus, input use should be reduced. While value of technical
efficiency of inorganic rice is 0.814, it shows that inorganic rice farming in the
study are is also not technically efficient.. This study also notes that the R/C ratio
are 4.10 for organic rice farming and 1.70 for inorganic rice farming. It shows
that organic rice farming is more profitable than inorganic rice farming. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
644976 | Bio-Inspired capillary capture of viscous fluids with soft structures. | Capturing fluids at small scales is a challenge that nectarivores have solved by developing various type of specialized tongues, which consist of a complex assembly of flexible structures of small size compared to the capillary length. Most of the physicochemical mechanisms allowing some of those animals to quickly feed on nectar are not yet fully understood. This project aims to understand the physical mechanisms underlying the efficient capture of nectar by bees and hummingbirds which results from the dynamical coupling between viscous flows, capillary forces and elasticity in hierarchical soft tongues.
To achieve this objective, model experiments are proposed. Mimicking hummingbirds’ tongues, I will first characterise the static closing of soft open tubes in contact with a specific amount of liquid. I will then study the dynamics when the same structure is dipped and removed from a fluid bath. In a second step, I will study the equilibrium shape and the dynamics of soft brushes and hairy surfaces dipped into a fluid bath, mimicking bumblebee’s tongue. The study of these systems will allow us to develop general physical models. The relevance of these models for describing the biological systems will be assessed by the direct comparison between the theoretical predictions and in-vivo measurements by setting the control parameters of the model systems to values compatible with the biological systems. This project will thus provide general models for the capture of viscous fluid through elastocapillary effects in some geometries inspired by biological systems.
Based on the insights gained from these model experiments and the comparison with in-vivo data, optimal soft structures will be designed to passively capture precise amount of viscous fluids at a controlled rate. The BioCapSoft project will thus contribute to a better understanding of the dynamical coupling between viscous flows, capillary forces and elasticity in soft impregnated structures. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
170327 | Icfostepstone phd programme for early-stage researchers in photonics | ICFOstepstone is being proposed as an evolution of the current PhD-programme, offering competitive fellowships, paired with dedicated training actions within the chosen research field as well as for acquiring transferable skills, implementing mobility-actions in form of compulsory secondments at partner institutions in academia and industry alike, aiming at an integrated PhD aligned with the objectives in H2020.
We aim at promoting an international research environment where traditional boundaries between fields and sectors are crossed and multidisciplinary projects undertaken, therefore aiming at covering the triple “i” dimension. It is expected that the award of a Fellowship under the proposed Programme will significantly boost the Fellow’s career perspectives and their connections, enabling a diverse career path in the most important institutions worldwide of their chosen sector, therefore guaranteeing a smooth and successful transition to their next career step.
The ICFOstepstone is considered to be a natural advancement from the COFUND programmes ICFO launched in the past, in terms of now expanding our efforts to the postgraduate level, to establish a long-term talent pipeline at any career level. This COFUND action therefore proposes a change in the focus group of potential recipients from the Experienced Researchers to Early Stage Researchers. Also, with ICFOstepstone, the excellence approach not only aims at an enhancement of the Recruiting & Hiring Life-Cycle but also at an enhancement of the Career Development Plan.
As shown in the proposal, ICFO has the necessary expertise to implement and develop the programme due to its broad and proven track record in the management of international research and education programmes. The proposal is also in line with current strategical ICFO HR and Education Objectives: working towards the implementation of the “HR Strategy for Researchers” and towards further strengthening and enlarging our training programme. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
GB 321670 A | MONITORING SYSTEM FOR RAILWAY TRACK LAYING AND MAINTENANCE | 1306506 Track positioning F PLASSER 22 Jan 1970 [22 Jan 1969] 3216/70 Heading B7N [Also in Division E1] In a railway track processing system in which, e.g. an old track is replaced or the ballast of a track is lifted and cleaned, the position of the new or processed track is determined by reference to a datum line or plane defined by the position of the old or unprocessed track. In the track replacing arrangement shown, in which a leading train loads the old track sleepers and supplies new rail 2 and a second train picks up the old rails, the last vehicle of the leading train carries a transmitter 7 directing a laser beam to the first vehicle 13 of the second train which carries track aligning tools 11 controlled by the beam signal picked up by receiver 10. The beam direction is determined by wheels 4, 5 of the vehicle 1 which are forced into engagement, by, e.g., an hydraulic ram 9, with a rail of the old track. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/trstmh/traa086 | Harnessing technology and portability to conduct molecular epidemiology of endemic pathogens in resource-limited settings | Improvements in genetic and genomic technology have enabled field-deployable molecular laboratories and these have been deployed in a variety of epidemics that capture headlines. In this editorial, we highlight the importance of building physical and personnel capacity in low and middle income countries to deploy these technologies to improve diagnostics, understand transmission dynamics and provide feedback to endemic communities on actionable timelines. We describe our experiences with molecular field research on schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis and rabies and urge the wider tropical medicine community to embrace these methods and help build capacity to benefit communities affected by endemic infectious diseases. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
W1989332231 | Rest perfusion abnormalities in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: correlation with myocardial fibrosis and risk factors for sudden cardiac death | To measure the prevalence of abnormal rest perfusion in a population of consecutive patients with known hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) referred for cardiovascular MRI (CMR), and to assess any associations between abnormal rest perfusion and the presence, pattern, and severity of myocardial scar and the presence of risk factors for sudden death.Eighty consecutive patients with known HCM referred for CMR underwent functional imaging, rest first-pass perfusion, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).Thirty percent of the patients had abnormal rest perfusion, all of them corresponding to areas of mid-myocardial LGE and to a higher degree of segmental hypertrophy. Rest perfusion abnormalities correlated with more extensive and confluent LGE. The subgroup of patients with myocardial fibrosis and rest perfusion abnormalities (fibrosis+/perfusion+) had more than twice the incidence of episodes of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia on Holter monitoring in comparison to patients with myocardial fibrosis and normal rest perfusion (fibrosis+/perfusion-) and patients with no fibrosis and normal rest perfusion (fibrosis-/perfusion-).First-pass perfusion CMR identifies abnormal rest perfusion in a significant proportion of patients with HCM. These abnormalities are associated with the presence and distribution of myocardial scar and the degree of hypertrophy. Rest perfusion abnormalities identify patients with increased incidence of episodes of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia on Holter monitoring, independently from the presence of myocardial fibrosis. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1080/00268976.2019.1703051 | High Resolution Spectroscopy Of The Transition Of Mgar By Isolated Core Multiphoton Rydberg Dissociation | We report on a new measurement of the A+ 2ΠΩ′=1/2,3/2←X+ 2Σ+ electronic transition of MgAr+. The experiment relied on the resonance-enhanced multiphoton dissociation of the isolated ionic core of R. . . | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP05(2016)118 | Physics From Solar Neutrinos In Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiments | The next generation of dark matter direct detection experiments will be sen- sitive to both coherent neutrino-nucleus and neutrino-electron scattering. This will enable them to explore aspects of solar physics, perform the lowest energy measurement of the weak angle sin 2 W to date, and probe contributions from new theories with light media- tors. In this article, we compute the projected nuclear and electron recoil rates expected in several dark matter direct detection experiments due to solar neutrinos, and use these estimates to quantify errors on future measurements of the neutrino uxes, weak mixing angle and solar observables, as well as to constrain new physics in the neutrino sector. Our analysis shows that the combined rates of solar neutrino events in second generation ex- periments (SuperCDMS and LZ) can yield a measurement of the pp ux to 2. 5% accuracy via electron recoil, and slightly improve the 8 B ux determination. Assuming a low-mass argon phase, projected tonne-scale experiments like DARWIN can reduce the uncertainty on both the pp and boron-8 neutrino uxes to below 1%. Finally, we use current results from LUX, SuperCDMS and CDMSlite to set bounds on new interactions between neutri- nos and electrons or nuclei, and show that future direct detection experiments can be used to set complementary constraints on the parameter space associated with light mediators. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1126/science.aay1790 | Major role of particle fragmentation in regulating biological sequestration of CO<inf>2</inf> by the oceans | A critical driver of the ocean carbon cycle is the downward flux of sinking organic particles, which acts to lower the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. This downward flux is reduced by more than 70% in the mesopelagic zone (100 to 1000 meters of depth), but this loss cannot be fully accounted for by current measurements. For decades, it has been hypothesized that the missing loss could be explained by the fragmentation of large aggregates into small particles, although data to test this hypothesis have been lacking. In this work, using robotic observations, we quantified total mesopelagic fragmentation during 34 high-flux events across multiple ocean regions and found that fragmentation accounted for 49 ± 22% of the observed flux loss. Therefore, fragmentation may be the primary process controlling the sequestration of sinking organic carbon. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2060700558 | A Model Driven Approach for Self-Healing Computing System | Self-healing system attempt to enable computing systems to automatically discover, diagnose, and repair (or at least mitigate) faults without human intervention, thus it is a potential approach to improve the dependability and autonomy of computing system. A model-driven approach for modeling and analyzing the self-healing computing system is proposed in this paper. In our approach, the function part and the self-healing part of the system can be modeled respectively. Further, a consequence-oriented fault model is proposed as the ligaments to keep the associations between the function model and the self-healing model. Based on the fault model, we can construct the self-healing model and further analyze the self-heal ability of the computing system. The approach has the advantages of the two aspects: 1) The functional components of target system and the self-healing components for the target system can be modeled respectively and can be coupled through fault model later, 2) The self-heal ability of the target system can be analyzed at the model level. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/ejn.12493 | Functional parcellation of the human primary somatosensory cortex to natural touch | Despite the significance of human touch, brain responses to interpersonal manual touch have been rarely investigated. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study brain activity in eight healthy adults whose left hand was touched by two individuals, in separate runs and in 20-s blocks, either by holding, smoothing, or poking. Acceleration was measured from both the subject's and the touching person's hands for postimaging control of the stimuli. Independent component analysis of the functional magnetic resonance imaging data unraveled three functional networks involving the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). One network comprised the contralateral and another the ipsilateral Brodmann area 3. The third network included area 2 bilaterally, left-hemisphere middle temporal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal regions, ventral prefrontal cortices bilaterally, and middle cingulate cortex. The response shapes and polarities varied between the three networks. The contralateral area 3 differentiated the responses between the three types of touch stimuli, and the response magnitudes depended on the variability of the touch within each block. However, the responses of the other two networks were strikingly similar to all stimuli. The subjects' reports on the pleasantness of the touch did not correlate with the characteristics of the SI responses. These findings imply area-specific processing of the natural human touch in three networks including the SI cortex, with only area 2 connected to a functional network of brain areas that may support social interaction. European Journal of Neuroscience published by Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1007/s10853-013-7293-x | In situ tensile tests of single silk fibres in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) | Silk's well-defined response to environmental conditions makes it a useful candidate to investigate the relationship between structure and function in biological materials. This area of research is of increasing importance as commonly employed microscopic and spectroscopic techniques often demand samples to be exposed to environments quite unlike those found in nature (i. e. low humidities and vacuum pressures). Whilst these conditions may enable high-quality structural data, their effects on a sample's mechanical properties are not yet fully understood. Using in situ tensile testing, we determine the effects of sample preparation and environment on individual fibres of Bombyx mori silk under conditions suitable for environmental scanning electron microscopy. We report significant differences in mechanical properties of the silk, depending on both the sample preparation (coating and fibre mounting) and environment (vacuum, imaging gas and pump-down procedure). We interpret these differences within the context of sample hydration by comparison with ex situ stress-strain analysis of B. mori silk under conditions ranging from 10 to 80 % relative humidity. We conclude that silks, with their ready availability and ease of preparation, are an ideal validation material for future technique developments in this area. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1111/eulj.12338 | The citizen-makers: Ethical dilemmas in immigrant integration | The topic of citizen-making—turning migrants into citizens—is one of the most politically contested policy areas in Europe. Access to European citizenship is governed by national law with almost no EU regulation. The Article brings to the fore normative concerns associated with citizen-making policies in Europe (Section 2). It examines ethical dilemmas involved in the process of creating new citizens (Section 3) and promotes the adoption of a European legal framework on access to citizenship (Section 4). The overall claim is that every newcomer will be required to demonstrate, as a prerequisite for citizenship, attachments to the constitution of the specific Member State, yet the test will be functional, flexible and non-exclusive. As the topic of EU citizenship law is currently at the centre of the European agenda, this article has both theoretical significance and policy implications. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
804273 | Topological states in superconducting two-dimensional electron gases | I will experimentally investigate hybrid superconductor/semiconductor devices for realizing novel topological states of matter, with interest both in fundamental physics and quantum computing applications. Common denominator of the proposed experiments is a regime where the characteristic energy scales of the system, namely Fermi energy, spin orbit interaction correction, superconducting gap and Zeeman splitting are comparable to each other, resulting in unique and mostly uncharted physical territories. Differently from the most widespread use of semiconductor nanowires coupled to superconductors, I will employ novel hybrid two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) where the superconductor is grown in-situ and matched to the semiconductor lattice. This novel system was mainly developed by the team I supervise, during the last two years. Compared to the conventional nanowire-based approach, hybrid 2DEGs are readily available, characterized by very low disorder and more amenable to complex sample designs. The work will focus on: 1) Taking full advantage of the planar geometry to study spatial and non-local properties of individual Majorana wires, as well as branched geometries. These experiments will constitute critical tests to establish if the commonly observed zero bias peaks are indeed associated with Majorana modes and pave the way to complex networks of interacting Majorana wires, a requirement for quantum computing. 2) Studying topological phenomena in multi-terminal Josephson junctions (JJs), with particular emphasis on tuning the superconducting phase difference across electrodes pairs. Topological JJs offer a new and possibly advantageous path forward to create and manipulate Majorana modes not explored up to date, including the possibility to reach the topological regime for vanishing small external magnetic fields, useful for applications. Success of the proposal will constitute a key step forward towards topological quantum computing. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/eff.12281 | Differences in early developmental rate and yolk conversion efficiency in offspring of trout with alternative life histories | Partial migration, in which some individuals of a population migrate while other individuals remain resident, is generally associated with ontogenetic shifts to better feeding areas or as a response to environmental instability, but its underlying mechanisms remain relatively unknown. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) exhibit partial migration, with some individuals remaining in freshwater (freshwater resident) while others undertake an anadromous migration, where they spend time at sea before returning to breed in freshwater (migrant). We reared full-sibling groups of offspring from freshwater-resident and anadromous brown trout from the same catchment in the laboratory under common garden conditions to examine potential differences in their early development. Freshwater-resident parents produced eggs that were slower to hatch than those of anadromous parents, but freshwater-resident offspring were quicker to absorb their yolk and reach the stage of exogenous feeding. Their offspring also had a higher conversion efficiency from the egg stage to the start of exogenous feeding (so were larger by the start of the fry stage) than did offspring from anadromous parents despite no difference in standard metabolic rate, maximal metabolic rate or aerobic scope. Given these differences in early development, we discuss how the migration history of the parents might influence the migration probability of the offspring. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
175859 | Efficient numerical modeling of moving contact lines under non-isothermal conditions | A moving contact line (MCL) is a moving line of intersection between a fluid/fluid interface and a solid wall. MCLs are central to a wide range of flows in nature and industry, however, their modeling has been a classical difficulty, especially under non-isothermal conditions. The project will tackle this challenge and we will develop a novel computational model enabling simulations of non-isothermal flows involving MCLs with unprecedented efficiency. The model borrows the idea from the large eddy simulation in turbulence modeling; it will resolve the macroscale flows only while model the effect of MCLs using non-isothermal hydrodynamic theories, which will also be developed in the present project. We expect that the model can lead to a reduction of computational effort by nine orders of magnitude for three-dimensional flows, compared with direct numerical simulations using a uniform grid, and it will therefore enable affordable simulations of practical flows in industry. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
306250 | Innovative Polymers for Energy Storage | iPes project aims to provide adequate support to Dr. David Mecerreyes (DM) who is at the stage of consolidating an independent research team. During his scientific career, DM has demonstrated creative thinking and excellent capacity to carry out research and going beyond the state of the art. His meritorious record of research, scientific publications (128 ISI articles, h index = 33), project conception, private sector experience, networking ability (participated in 10 European collaborative projects) and capacity for supervising and coordinating a research team are presented in detail in the initial part of the proposal. He recently moved from the private sector to create a new research group at the University of the Basque Country. He is now in an excellent academic position and research environment to commit and be devoted to an ERC frontier research project. DM’s proposal passed to the second stage in the ERC starting grant call of last year. This year the research project has been re-built taking into account his group directions and the detected weak points of last year’s proposal. This is his last opportunity for participating to the ERC starting-grant call.
iPes proposes an innovative research programme at the forefront of polymer chemistry. The proposal goes in depth into the topic of energetic polymers. iPes activities will fully develop the field of polymers for energy storage by using an innovative macromolecular engineering approach generating the ground for future innovations. The main S&T goal is to obtain new polymeric materials, to get an insight into their unique electronic properties, to model the new energetic polymers and to investigate their application in innovative battery prototypes. These technologies are currently dominated by inorganic electrode materials. iPes aims at bringing polymer chemistry to a next level and developing basic knowledge about innovative polymeric materials which may open up new opportunities for Energy Storage. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201323053 | Ultra Deep Catalog Of X Ray Groups In The Extended Chandra Deep Field South | Ultra-deep observations of ECDF-S with Chandra and XMM-Newton enable a search for extended X-ray emission down to an unprecedented flux of $2\times10^{-16}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$. We present the search for the extended emission on spatial scales of 32$^{\prime\prime}$ in both Chandra and XMM data, covering 0. 3 square degrees and model the extended emission on scales of arcminutes. We present a catalog of 46 spectroscopically identified groups, reaching a redshift of 1. 6. We show that the statistical properties of ECDF-S, such as logN-logS and X-ray luminosity function are broadly consistent with LCDM, with the exception that dn/dz/d$\Omega$ test reveals that a redshift range of $0. 2<z<0. 5$ in ECDF-S is sparsely populated. The lack of nearby structure, however, makes studies of high-redshift groups particularly easier both in X-rays and lensing, due to a lower level of clustered foreground. We present one and two point statistics of the galaxy groups as well as weak-lensing analysis to show that the detected low-luminosity systems are indeed low-mass systems. We verify the applicability of the scaling relations between the X-ray luminosity and the total mass of the group, derived for the COSMOS survey to lower masses and higher redshifts probed by ECDF-S by means of stacked weak lensing and clustering analysis, constraining any possible departures to be within 30% in mass. Abridged. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
223174 | Disorders of consciousness (doc): enhancing the transfer of knowledge and professional skills on evidence-based interventions and validated technology for a better management of patients | The overall goal of DoCMA is to enhance international research on Disorders of Consciousness (DoC) by strengthen the collaboration among project participants to leverage the shared scientific and expert know-how in the field.
The partnerships will be instrumental in addressing, therefore, the following specific objectives:
Specific Objective 1) Consolidating of a joint international scientific and innovation programme for developing research projects on DoC diagnosis, evaluation and management of patients.
Specific Objective 2) Establishing a standardised methodology, common approach and data sharing resources to enable data access and research collaborations concerning DoC.
Specific Objective 3) Contributing to transfer of knowledge and quality of life of the individuals, by generating new services, technologies and/or products to respond to the society needs concerning DoC.
In short, this action will increase the scientific competence of the consortium members at the international level in DoC research and clinical practice, enhancing the transfer of knowledge and professional skills on evidence-based interventions and validated technology for a better management of patients.
To reach the mentioned goal, the partnership is composed by ten partners from different countries in Europe (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, and Spain), covering a wide range of expertise, and bringing together academic and non-academic entities. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2046581461 | Dynamic models for safety shutdown of distillation columns | Abstract Pressure relief valves are commonly used to protect distillation columns from overpressure in emergency situations like loss of cooling. An alternative safeguarding method, which may eliminate the need for relief altogether, is safety shutdown of the energy inputs to the column. Keeping the holdup enclosed in the pressure system is especially advantageous in hazardous, corrosive or reacting systems. Furthermore, the time required for restarting operations may be shorter if the holdup is not relieved to a flare. Shutting down the heat input leads to a rapid collapse of the pressure profile and fast draining of low boiling liquid from the internals to the hot column bottom. During the dynamic draining process, the mixture's vapor pressure continuously changes and may increase considerably. The maximum pressure rise during the shutdown process must be considered in the mechanical design pressure of all connected equipment. During shutdown, the flow regime leaves the stable hydraulic operating range. Experimental data from an industrial valve tray column is analyzed. A standard hydraulic model is unable to predict the pressure dynamics. A literature sieve tray weeping model is adapted to valve trays and fitted to plant data. Simulation results show good dynamic agreement with experimental data. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
interreg_3447 | Sustainable Urban Mobility Management Information Technologies | The project deals with the traffic congestion of cities with big commercial ports and aims at reducing pollution through the deployment of an advanced mobility management information system based on ICT. It will also improve integration between transport modes and better interconnection of existing networks, providing mainly: • A study about the appropriate ICT solutions for mobility management and a common methodology for implementation • Design of innovative models for mobility management:1 plan for urban freight mobility management in Bari; 3 drafts of executable designs for mobility information systems (Bari, Brindisi, Patras); 1 plan for the integration of mobility services in Corfu • Creation of 2 e-services (logistics information services) to promote accessibility • Implementation of pilot applications of produced ICT solutions and methodologies : mobility information system in Bari, Brindisi and Patras; virtual laboratory for sustainable urban mobility in Corfu. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
174595 | Advanced finite element modeling of arterial stent placement procedures | Arterial stenting has become a very important and successful intervention in vascular surgery. One of the most common scenarios includes so-called stent grafts, which are usually composed of a special fabric and supported by a metal stent mesh. Such stent grafts are used in endovascular repair (EVAR) to support weak spots and localized bulges (aneurysms) in an artery being at risk of rupture, most commonly for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The stent graft strengthens the weakened region of the arterial wall and excludes the AAA from blood flow and blood pressure. Over the last decade, an enormous thrust of research with regard to computational analysis of biomedical engineering problems in general, and with regard to hemodynamics, vascular mechanics and stent placement in particular has taken place. While significant progress has been made in all mentioned fields, computational analysis of stent placement using finite element methods (FEM) is still not predictive enough to give specific advice to vascular surgeons on how to optimally place the stent graft during EVAR. Instead, this decision is mostly based on the experience of the vascular surgeon. Risks of stent placement include a movement of the stent away from the desired location (migration), leaking of blood around stent grafts (endoleakage) and damage of the arterial wall caused by the stent itself. The main objective of the proposed research project is the development, implementation and validation of advanced FEM tools for stent placement simulation. The long-term vision is to be able to provide vascular surgeons with unprecedented predictive capabilities regarding the optimal choice of a patient-specific stent design (size, geometry, etc.) and stent positioning in order to safeguard against the risks mentioned above. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W334067044 | Charles Edward Augustus de Boos, 1819-1900: His Life, Work, and Writing | Charles de Boos was of a number of mid-nineteenth century writers who helped to lay the foundations of Australian His early life experiences of Huguenot ancestry and participation in the Carlist wars in Spain, followed by his initial years in Australia, made essential contributions to the person he was. So did his extremely varied working life, particularly as a reporter for the 'Argus and the 'Sydney Morning Herald', and later as a mining warden and police magistrate in New South Wales. His reporting on the goldfields in Victoria and especially New South Wales, added to his experiences of significant social and legal issues, and his concerns for the 'under-dogs', women, children, the diggers, the Chinese, and the Aborigines. It was his knowledge of the goldfields and gold mining that led to his appointment as a mining warden and other official roles in a number of locations over a period of fifteen years, work to which his social view contributed much and for whch he was highly respected, in marked contrast to what some have written. His life experiencess, work and travels provided the basis for his many and varied writings, to which the second half of the essay is devoted. From his parliamentary reporting came his satirical writing. From this and his travels came his social commentary. His first two novels were set in early nineteenth century rural New South Wales, 'Fifty Years Ago' being his most well-known work, one of the best books written in the infancy of Australian literature. His subsequent fiction, notably 'Mark Brown's Wife', was set in the goldfields of New South Wales and Victoria. He made an as yet unacknowledged contribution to the foundations of Australian He was a man who was ahead of his times in so many ways, who gave voice to a different way in colonial New South Wales. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1063/1.4769791 | Reaction Pathways By Quantum Monte Carlo Insight On The Torsion Barrier Of 1 3 Butadiene And The Conrotatory Ring Opening Of Cyclobutene | Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are used to investigate the intramolecular reaction pathways of 1,3-butadiene. The ground state geometries of the three conformers s-trans, s-cis, and gauche, as well as the cyclobutene structure are fully optimised at the variational Monte Carlo (VMC) level, obtaining an excellent agreement with the experimental results and other quantum chemistry high level calculations. Transition state geometries are also estimated at the VMC level for the s-trans to gauche torsion barrier of 1,3-butadiene and for the conrotatory ring opening of cyclobutene to the gauche-1,3-butadiene conformer. The energies of the conformers and the reaction barriers are calculated at both variational and diffusional Monte Carlo levels providing a precise picture of the potential energy surface of 1,3-butadiene and supporting one of the two model profiles recently obtained by Raman spectroscopy [Boopalachandran et al. , J. Phys. Chem. A 115, 8920 (2011)]. Considering the good scaling of QMC techniques with the system's size, our results also demonstrate how variational Monte Carlo calculations can be applied in the future to properly investigate the reaction pathways of large and correlated molecular systems. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
946647 | Genes, Policy, and Social Inequality | Many important indicators of social status (such as one’s level of education, occupation, and income) have been shown to be moderately heritable, meaning that a part of the variation in social status can be explained by genetic differences across population members. I have been able to identify for the first time specific genetic variants that are robustly associated with such an indicator, namely educational attainment (Rietveld et al., 2013, Science). By methodologically advancing the estimation of the interaction between genes and environments, this proposal will settle two long lasting debates in social science genetics.
First, I will show how heritability studies –despite earlier firm rejections of this position– can be informative for policies aiming to reduce social inequalities (Objective 1). Second, I will assess the critique that social science genetics attributes effects to genes which should be attributed to the environments through which these genes operate (Objective 2). In doing so, I will extend existing methodology to quantify the incremental explanatory power of genes over environmental factors such as the social status of parents (Objective 2A), and I will develop a solution for the endogenous inclusion of environmental factors in genetic summary indices (i.e., polygenic risk scores) which currently impacts the validity of gene-by-environment studies (Objective 2B).
All newly developed methods will be tested extensively using simulations, and made available for others by means of free software code. Empirically, I will interact genes and various natural experiments (policy changes) to identify interventions that can ameliorate social inequalities in terms of education, occupational status, and income. For this purpose, I will draw on a unique combination of data sources including UK Biobank (~500,000 genotyped individuals) and administrative data from Statistics Netherlands which I will link to data from the Dutch Twin Registry for this project. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2001850180 | Solution synthesis of one-dimensional ZnO nanomaterials and their applications | Recently, one-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanomaterials (NMs) have been extensively studied because both their functional properties and highly controllable morphology make them important building blocks for understanding nanoscale phenomena and realizing nanoscale devices. Compared with high temperature (>450 degrees C) vapor phase methods, solution-based synthesis methods can be conducted at low temperatures (25-200 degrees C) allowing for compatibility with many organic substrate materials and offer additional advantages such as straightforward processing, low cost, and ease of scale up. Although there exist several review articles in the literature regarding the synthesis and applications of 1D ZnO NMs, those focusing on solution-based synthesis methods are lacking. Thus, this review focuses mainly on 1D ZnO NMs synthesized by solution-based processing. Firstly, 1D ZnO non-patterned, nanoparticle-seeded synthesis and its associated solution growth kinetics are discussed. Next, synthesis of vertically-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays with controlled pattern and density on various substrates is reviewed. Finally, important applications of 1D ZnO NMs are highlighted including sensors, field emission devices, photodetectors, optical switches, and solar cells. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevE.95.052602 | Fluidization and wall slip of soft glassy materials by controlled surface roughness | We present a comprehensive study of concentrated emulsions flowing in microfluidic channels, one wall of which is patterned with micron-size equally spaced grooves oriented perpendicularly to the flow direction. We find a scaling law describing the roughness-induced fluidization as a function of the density of the grooves, thus fluidization can be predicted and quantitatively regulated. This suggests common scenarios for droplet trapping and release, potentially applicable for other jammed systems as well. Numerical simulations confirm these views and provide a direct link between fluidization and the spatial distribution of plastic rearrangements. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/nph.16162 | Genomic landscape of the global oak phylogeny | The tree of life is highly reticulate, with the history of population divergence emerging from populations of gene phylogenies that reflect histories of introgression, lineage sorting and divergence. In this study, we investigate global patterns of oak diversity and test the hypothesis that there are regions of the oak genome that are broadly informative about phylogeny. We utilize fossil data and restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) for 632 individuals representing nearly 250 Quercus species to infer a time-calibrated phylogeny of the world's oaks. We use a reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo method to reconstruct shifts in lineage diversification rates, accounting for among-clade sampling biases. We then map the > 20 000 RAD-seq loci back to an annotated oak genome and investigate genomic distribution of introgression and phylogenetic support across the phylogeny. Oak lineages have diversified among geographic regions, followed by ecological divergence within regions, in the Americas and Eurasia. Roughly 60% of oak diversity traces back to four clades that experienced increases in net diversification, probably in response to climatic transitions or ecological opportunity. The strong support for the phylogeny contrasts with high genomic heterogeneity in phylogenetic signal and introgression. Oaks are phylogenomic mosaics, and their diversity may in fact depend on the gene flow that shapes the oak genome. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1090/S0025-5718-2011-02529-9 | The Maximal Rank Of Elliptic Delsarte Surfaces | Shioda described a method to compute the Lefschetz number of a Delsarte surface. In one of his examples he uses this method to compute the rank of an elliptic curve over k(t). In this article we find all elliptic curves over k(t) for which his method is applicable. For these curves we also compute the maximal Mordell-Weil rank. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201935936 | Oh Maser Emission In The Thor Survey Of The Northern Milky Way | Context. OH masers trace diverse physical processes, from the expanding envelopes around evolved stars to star-forming regions or supernovae remnants. Providing a survey of the ground-state OH maser transitions in the northern hemisphere inner Milky Way facilitates the study of a broad range of scientific topics. Aims. We want to identify the ground-state OH masers at similar to 18 cm wavelength in the area covered by The HI/OH/Recombination line survey of the Milky Way (THOR). We will present a catalogue of all OH maser features and their possible associated environments. Methods. The THOR survey covers longitude and latitude ranges of 14 degrees. 3 < l < 66 degrees. 8 and b < +/- 1 degrees. 25. All OH ground state lines (2)Pi(3/2) (J = 3/2) at 1612 (F = 1-2), 1665 (F = 1-1), 1667 (F = 2-2) and 1720 MHz (F = 2-1) have been observed, employing the Very Large Array (VLA) in its C configuration. The spatial resolution of the data varies between 12. 5 '' and 19 '', the spectral resolution is 1. 5 km s(-1), and the rms sensitivity of the data is similar to 10 mJy beam(-1) per channel. Results. We identify 1585 individual maser spots (corresponding to single spectral features) distributed over 807 maser sites (regions of size similar to 10(3)-10(4) AU). Based on different criteria from spectral profiles to literature comparison, we try to associate the maser sites with astrophysical source types. Approximately 51% of the sites exhibit the double-horned 1612 MHz spectra typically emitted from the expanding shells of evolved stars. The separations of the two main velocity features of the expanding shells typically vary between 22 and 38 km s(-1). In addition to this, at least 20% of the maser sites are associated with star-forming regions. While the largest fraction of 1720 MHz maser spots (21 out of 53) is associated with supernova remnants, a significant fraction of the 1720 MHz maser spots (17) are also associated with star-forming regions. We present comparisons to the thermal (CO)-C-13(1-0) emission as well as to other surveys of class II CH3OH and H2O maser emission. The catalogue attempts to present associations to astrophysical sources where available, and the full catalogue is available in electronic form. Conclusions. This OH maser catalogue presents a unique resource of stellar and interstellar masers in the northern hemisphere. It provides the basis for a diverse range of follow-up studies from envelopes around evolved stars to star-forming regions and Supernova remnants. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
interreg_2162 | Determination of joint instruments and methodologies for the purpose of setting up a joint Map of Spatial Knowledge and implementing Strategic Environmental Assessment in the cross-border area | The project stems from the need to integrate environmental issues in the planning and programming decision-making process, as set out at EU level by Directive 2001/42/CE, introducing the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). MAPSHARING deals with the problem of the SEA of plans and programmes, in the cross-border context of the area between Region Friuli Venezia Giulia and the Republic of Slovenia, through the definition of a joint framework of territorial knowledge. To ensure high quality levels, the assessment process is supported by a framework of shared knowledge: to this end, the project envisages the setting up of an operational prototype of a Joint Map of Spatial Knowledge and a Territorial Information Service to store the collected data, so as to make them available to planners and programmers, as well as to disseminate them on-line. The JMSK consists in a system of information maps in the form of a Geographic Information System (GIS): it is, by definition, a shared tool resulting from the participation of several subjects who possess portions of knowledge necessary to its establishment, and also because it is functional to the assessment process and the cooperation actions and to participation in general, where shared and disseminated knowledge is the foundation for any decision to be made. The areas of reference of the TIS are, in Italy, the Provinces of Trieste and Pordenone and the Municipality of Udine (for a total of 58 Municipalities - 2,590 km2), and, in Slovenia, the 7 Municipalities of the Coast-Karst statistical region (1,044 km2). The project aims therefore at outlining the link between information and basic mapmaking and the future cross-border plans, through the definition of shared meanings with respect to complex territorial categories (values, risks, critical points, opportunities) without which any cooperation in the field of planning would not be feasible. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.009 | The NAD+ Precursor Nicotinamide Riboside Rescues Mitochondrial Defects and Neuronal Loss in iPSC and Fly Models of Parkinson's Disease | While mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as key in Parkinson's disease (PD), a central question remains whether mitochondria are actual disease drivers and whether boosting mitochondrial biogenesis and function ameliorates pathology. We address these questions using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and Drosophila models of GBA-related PD (GBA-PD), the most common PD genetic risk. Patient neurons display stress responses, mitochondrial demise, and changes in NAD+ metabolism. NAD+ precursors have been proposed to ameliorate age-related metabolic decline and disease. We report that increasing NAD+ via the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) significantly ameliorates mitochondrial function in patient neurons. Human neurons require nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) to maintain the NAD+ pool and utilize NRK1 to synthesize NAD+ from NAD+ precursors. Remarkably, NR prevents the age-related dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor decline in fly models of GBA-PD. Our findings suggest NR as a viable clinical avenue for neuroprotection in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial damage is a key feature in Parkinson's disease. Schöndorf et al. demonstrate that nicotinamide riboside, an NAD+ precursor, boosts mitochondrial function in neurons derived from Parkinson's disease patient stem cells and is neuroprotective in Parkinson's disease fly models. These findings support use of NAD+ precursors in Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.12.003 | Quantitative approaches for the study of microtubule aster motion in large eggs | The proper positioning of microtubule (MT) asters underlies fundamental processes such as nuclear centration, cell polarity, division positioning, and embryogenesis. In large eggs and early blastomeres, MT asters may exhibit long range motions with atypical speed and precision to target their functional position. The biophysical mechanisms regulating such motions remain however largely unknown. The centration of sperm asters in sea urchin embryos is a stereotypical example of such aster long range motion. In this chapter, we describe methods developed in this system to (1) quantify sperm aster 3-D motion with confocal microscopy and automated image analysis and (2) severe a portion of astral MTs with a UV laser. These methods may serve as a template to dissect the generic mechanisms of aster motion and force production in other embryos and cell types. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1112/S0010437X19007632 | Patching Over Berkovich Curves And Quadratic Forms | We extend field patching to the setting of Berkovich analytic geometry and use it to prove a local–global principle over function fields of analytic curves with respect to completions. In the context of quadratic forms, we combine it with sufficient conditions for local isotropy over a Berkovich curve to obtain applications on the -invariant. The patching method we adapt was introduced by Harbater and Hartmann [Patching over fields, Israel J. Math. 176 (2010), 61–107] and further developed by these two authors and Krashen [Applications of patching to quadratic forms and central simple algebras, Invent. Math. 178 (2009), 231–263]. The results presented in this paper generalize those of Harbater, Hartmann, and Krashen [Applications of patching to quadratic forms and central simple algebras, Invent. Math. 178 (2009), 231–263] on the local–global principle and quadratic forms. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2984527948 | The Human Personality Development | The author are findings of the revolutionary theory of psychoanalysis, and it is indeed a “great” idea in human personality. Sigmund Freud’s perspective of human personality is a grand theory explain from the interactions among what he proposed as the three fundamental structures of the human mind: the id, ego, superego and the consciousness, the pre-consciousness and the unconsciousness. And the origins and course of human personality development, the nature of mind, the abnormal aspects of personality and how human personality can be changed by therapy. Additionally, the study the main factors that to integrate method human personality development of Sigmund Freud and Theravāda Buddhism perspective is mind development from the psychotherapy. The psychotherapy aims to improve a human beings well-being and mental health, to resolve or mitigate troublesome behaviors, beliefs, compulsions, thoughts or emotion and to improve relationships and social skills. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
EP 2013001507 W | ELECTROMAGNETIC STIRRING DEVICE | Electromagnetic stirring device of melted metallic materials inside a cooling chamber of a casting machine comprising a retaining body of induction coils that is a body composed of at least two reciprocally different portions. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1353/phl.2014.0019 | Social psychology and the comic-book superhero: A darwinian approach | Why is the comic-book superhero such a persistent topic of cultural representation? Citing Dutton's evolutionary aesthetic, we argue that comic-book superheroes persist because they offer a cultural means of negotiating the gap between the small group size that human beings have evolved a cognitive architecture to deal with, and the much larger group size that is entailed by modern social arrangements. This position implies four predictions: the superhero should (1) exhibit punitive prosociality, (2) be supernatural or quasi-supernatural, (3) be minimally counterintuitive, and (4) display kin-signaling proxies. These predictions are tested against seventeen superhero figures from various comic-book universes. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevE.92.060301 | Wall slip across the jamming transition of soft thermoresponsive particles | Flows of suspensions are often affected by wall slip, that is, the fluid velocity vf in the vicinity of a boundary differs from the wall velocity vw due to the presence of a lubrication layer. While the slip velocity vs=|vf-vw| robustly scales linearly with the stress σ at the wall in dilute suspensions, there is no consensus regarding denser suspensions that are sheared in the bulk, for which slip velocities have been reported to scale as a vsσp with exponents p inconsistently ranging between 0 and 2. Here we focus on a suspension of soft thermoresponsive particles and show that vs actually scales as a power law of the viscous stress σ-σc, where σc denotes the yield stress of the bulk material. By tuning the temperature across the jamming transition, we further demonstrate that this scaling holds true over a large range of packing fractions φ on both sides of the jamming point and that the exponent p increases continuously with φ, from p=1 in the case of dilute suspensions to p=2 for jammed assemblies. These results allow us to successfully revisit inconsistent data from the literature and pave the way for a continuous description of wall slip above and below jamming. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/s13160-019-00360-8 | Benefits from using mixed precision computations in the ELPA-AEO and ESSEX-II eigensolver projects | We first briefly report on the status and recent achievements of the ELPA-AEO (Eigen value Solvers for Petaflop Applications—Algorithmic Extensions and Optimizations) and ESSEX II (Equipping Sparse Solvers for Exascale) projects. In both collaboratory efforts, scientists from the application areas, mathematicians, and computer scientists work together to develop and make available efficient highly parallel methods for the solution of eigenvalue problems. Then we focus on a topic addressed in both projects, the use of mixed precision computations to enhance efficiency. We give a more detailed description of our approaches for benefiting from either lower or higher precision in three selected contexts and of the results thus obtained. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460650 | Accurate modelling of the retention behaviour of peptides in gradient-elution hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography | The applicability of models to describe peptide retention in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was investigated. A tryptic digest of bovine-serum-albumin (BSA) was used as a test sample. Several different models were considered, including adsorption, mixed-mode, exponential, quadratic and Neue–Kuss models. Gradient separations were performed on three different HILIC stationary-phases under three different mobile-phase conditions to obtain model parameters. Methods to track peaks for specific peptides across different chromatograms are shown to be essential. The optimal mobile-phase additive for the separation of BSA digest on each of the three columns was selected by considering the retention window, peak width and peak intensity with mass-spectrometric detection. The performance of the models was investigated using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) to measure the goodness-of-fit and evaluated using prediction errors. The F-test for regression was applied to support model selection. RPLC separations of the same sample were used to test the models. The adsorption model showed the best performance for all the HILIC columns investigated and the lowest prediction errors for two of the three columns. In most cases prediction errors were within 1%. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
IL 9800469 W | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE PURIFICATION OF WATER | A domestic apparatus for purifying drinking water, comprising a feed water inlet and a purified water outlet, a filter device comprising prefilter means (52) and microporous membrane filter means (53) interposed between said inlet and said outlet, and means for driving the water through said filter at a constant flow rate (51). A method of purifying drinking water, which comprises causing the water to flow at a constant flow rate through a purification filter device comprising prefilter means and microporous membrane filter means. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/ct501122z | Quantum monte carlo treatment of the charge transfer and diradical electronic character in a retinal chromophore minimal model | The penta-2,4-dieniminium cation (PSB3) displays similar ground state and first excited state potential energy features as those of the retinal protonated Schiff base (RPSB) chromophore in rhodopsin. Recently, PSB3 has been used to benchmark several electronic structure methods, including highly correlated multireference wave function approaches, highlighting the necessity to accurately describe the electronic correlation in order to obtain reliable properties even along the ground state (thermal) isomerization paths. In this work, we apply two quantum Monte Carlo approaches, the variational Monte Carlo and the lattice regularized diffusion Monte Carlo, to study the energetics and electronic properties of PSB3 along representative minimum energy paths and scans related to its thermal cis-trans isomerization. Quantum Monte Carlo is used in combination with the Jastrow antisymmetrized geminal power ansatz, which guarantees an accurate and balanced description of the static electronic correlation thanks to the multiconfigurational nature of the antisymmetrized geminal power term, and of the dynamical correlation, due to the presence of the Jastrow factor explicitly depending on electron-electron distances. Along the two ground state isomerization minimum energy paths of PSB3, CASSCF calculations yield wave functions having either charge transfer or diradical character in proximity of the two transition state configurations. Here, we observe that at the quantum Monte Carlo level of theory, only the transition state with charge transfer character can be located. The conical intersection, which becomes highly sloped, is observed only if the path connecting the two original CASSCF transition states is extended beyond the diradical one, namely by increasing the bond-length-alternation (BLA). These findings are in good agreement with the results obtained by MRCISD+Q calculations, and they demonstrate the importance of having an accurate description of the static and dynamical correlation when studying isomerization and transition states of conjugated systems. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1039/c4ta00958d | Photolithographic fabrication of high-performance all-solid-state graphene-based planar micro-supercapacitors with different interdigital fingers | Here we demonstrated the fabrication of ultrahigh rate, all-solid-state, planar interdigital graphene-based micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) manufactured by methane plasma-assisted reduction and photolithographic micro-fabrication of graphene oxide films on silicon wafers. Notably, the electrochemical performance of MSCs is significantly enhanced by increasing the number of the interdigital fingers from 8 to 32 and minimizing the finger width from 1175 to 219 μm, highlighting the critical importance of adjusting the number and widths of the fingers in the fabrication of high-performance MSCs. The fabricated graphene-based MSCs delivered an area capacitance of 116 μF cm-2 and a stack capacitance of 25. 9 F cm-3. Furthermore, they offered a power density of 1270 W cm-3 that is much higher than that of electrolytic capacitors, an energy density of ∼3. 6 mW h cm-3 that is comparable to that of lithium thin-film batteries, and a superior cycling stability of ∼98. 5% capacitance retention after 50000 cycles. More importantly, the microdevice can operate well at an ultrahigh scan rate of up to 2000 V s-1, which is three orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional supercapacitors. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2025985016 | The utility of estimating population-level trajectories of terminal wellbeing decline within a growth mixture modelling framework | Mortality-related decline has been identified across multiple domains of human functioning, including mental health and wellbeing. The current study utilised a growth mixture modelling framework to establish whether a single population-level trajectory best describes mortality-related changes in both wellbeing and mental health, or whether subpopulations report quite different mortality-related changes.Participants were older-aged (M = 69.59 years; SD = 8.08 years) deceased females (N = 1,862) from the dynamic analyses to optimise ageing (DYNOPTA) project. Growth mixture models analysed participants' responses on measures of mental health and wellbeing for up to 16 years from death.Multi-level models confirmed overall terminal decline and terminal drop in both mental health and wellbeing. However, modelling data from the same participants within a latent class growth mixture framework indicated that most participants reported stability in mental health (90.3 %) and wellbeing (89.0 %) in the years preceding death.Whilst confirming other population-level analyses which support terminal decline and drop hypotheses in both mental health and wellbeing, we subsequently identified that most of this effect is driven by a small, but significant minority of the population. Instead, most individuals report stable levels of mental health and wellbeing in the years preceding death. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W1978586534 | CFD Simulation and Heat Loss Analysis of the Solar Two Power Tower Receiver | Solar Two was a demonstration of the viability of molten salt power towers. The power tower was designed to produce enough thermal power to run a 10-MWe conventional Rankine cycle turbine. A critical component of this process was the solar tower receiver. The receiver was designed for an applied average heat flux of 430 kW/m2 with an outlet temperature of 565°C (838.15 K). The mass flow rate could be varied in the system to control the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid, which was high temperature molten salt. The heat loss in the actual system was calculated by using the power-on method which compares how much power is absorbed by the molten salt when using half of the heliostat field and then the full heliostat field. However, the total heat loss in the system was lumped into a single value comprised of radiation, convection, and conduction heat transfer losses. In this study, ANSYS FLUENT was used to evaluate and characterize the radiative and convective heat losses from this receiver system assuming two boundary conditions: (1) a uniform heat flux on the receiver and (2) a distributed heat flux generated from the code DELSOL. The results show that the distributed-flux models resulted in radiative heat losses that were ∼14% higher than the uniform-flux models, and convective losses that were ∼5–10% higher due to the resulting non-uniform temperature distributions. Comparing the simulations to known convective heat loss correlations demonstrated that surface roughness should be accounted for in the simulations. This study provides a model which can be used for further receiver design and demonstrates whether current convective correlations are appropriate for analytical evaluation of external solar tower receivers. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nature14273 | Diverse coupling of neurons to populations in sensory cortex | A large population of neurons can, in principle, produce an astronomical number of distinct firing patterns. In cortex, however, these patterns lie in a space of lower dimension, as if individual neurons were obedient members of a huge orchestra. Here we use recordings from the visual cortex of mouse (Mus musculus) and monkey (Macaca mulatta) to investigate the relationship between individual neurons and the population, and to establish the underlying circuit mechanisms. We show that neighbouring neurons can differ in their coupling to the overall firing of the population, ranging from strongly coupled choristers to weakly coupled soloists. Population coupling is largely independent of sensory preferences, and it is a fixed cellular attribute, invariant to stimulus conditions. Neurons with high population coupling are more strongly affected by non-sensory behavioural variables such as motor intention. Population coupling reflects a causal relationship, predicting the response of a neuron to optogenetically driven increases in local activity. Moreover, population coupling indicates synaptic connectivity; the population coupling of a neuron, measured in vivo, predicted subsequent in vitro estimates of the number of synapses received from its neighbours. Finally, population coupling provides a compact summary of population activity; knowledge of the population couplings of n neurons predicts a substantial portion of their n 2 pairwise correlations. Population coupling therefore represents a novel, simple measure that characterizes the relationship of each neuron to a larger population, explaining seemingly complex network firing patterns in terms of basic circuit variables. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1016/j.jmps.2017.01.001 | Cohesive detachment of an elastic pillar from a dissimilar substrate | The adhesion of micron-scale surfaces due to intermolecular interactions is a subject of intense interest spanning electronics, biomechanics and the application of soft materials to engineering devices. The degree of adhesion is sensitive to the diameter of micro-pillars in addition to the degree of elastic mismatch between pillar and substrate. Adhesion-strength-controlled detachment of an elastic circular cylinder from a dissimilar substrate is predicted using a Dugdale-type of analysis, with a cohesive zone of uniform tensile strength emanating from the interface corner. Detachment initiates when the opening of the cohesive zone attains a critical value, giving way to crack formation. When the cohesive zone size at crack initiation is small compared to the pillar diameter, the initiation of detachment can be expressed in terms of a critical value Hc of the corner stress intensity. The estimated pull-off force is somewhat sensitive to the choice of stick/slip boundary condition used on the cohesive zone, especially when the substrate material is much stiffer than the pillar material. The analysis can be used to predict the sensitivity of detachment force to the size of pillar and to the degree of elastic mismatch between pillar and substrate. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2050699192 | Bodies and Agentic Practice in Young Women’s Sexual and Intimate Relationships | This article contributes to theorizations of agency through a focus on how understandings of power within young women’s sexual and intimate relationships connect with their descriptions of feeling, reacting and sensuous bodies, to suggest why and how agentic practice takes place. Drawing on the narratives of 54 young women aged 16–18 years in one secondary school in England, findings concur with other literature which suggests that sensations experienced on or within the body can instigate (agentic) practice. Significantly, however, both physical and verbal practices are drawn on during agentic moments. Young women who discursively position themselves as ‘powerful’ integrate their bodies within such an understanding, using this integration to shore up the possibilities for agentic practice. Moving away from an understanding of practice as ‘accommodating’ and/or ‘resisting’ norms and inequalities, this article identifies four strategies described by the young women (assertive, refusing, proactive and interrogative) for facilitating more sustained agency. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
323091 | Biomechanical diagnostic, pre-planning and outcome tools to improve musculoskeletal surgery | The aetiology of many musculoskeletal (MS) diseases is related to biomechanical factors. However, the tools to assess the biomechanical condition of patients used by clinicians and researchers are often crude and subjective leading to non-optimal patient analyses and care. In this project innovations related to imaging, sensor technology and biomechanical modelling are utilized to generate versatile, accurate and objective methods to quantify the (pathological) MS condition of the lower extremity of patients in a unique manner. The project will produce advanced diagnostic, pre-planning and outcome tools which allow clinicians and researchers for detailed biomechanical analysis about abnormal tissue deformations, pathological loading of the joints, abnormal stresses in the hard and soft tissues, and aberrant joint kinematics.
The key objectives of this proposal are:
1) Develop and validate image-based 3-D volumetric elastographic diagnostic methods that can quantify normal and pathological conditions under dynamic loading and which can be linked to biomechanical modelling tools.
2) Create an ultrasound (US)-based system to assess internal joint kinematics which can be used as a diagnostic tool for clinicians and researchers and is a validation tool for biomechanical modelling.
3) Generate and validate an ambulant functional (force and kinematic) diagnostic system which is easy to use and which can be used to provide input data for biomechanical models.
4) Create and validate a new modelling approach that integrates muscle-models with finite element models at a highly personalized level.
5) Generate biomechanical models which have personalized mechanical properties of the hard and soft tissues.
6) Demonstrate the applicability of the personalized diagnostic and pre-planning platform by application to healthy individuals and patient subjects.
Support from the ERC will open new research fields related to biomechanical patient assessment and modeling of MS pathologies. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
2730624 | Cryogenic 3d nanoelectronics | SEQUENCE will make use of unconventional approaches to develop cryogenic electronics with demonstration in applications spanning from quantum computing to satellite communication systems.
Approach: SEQUENCE has aggregated a strong consortium consisting of 9 partners with well-documented experience in III-V and Si technology, including IC design skills. 3D integration of interfacing electronics with quantum computing technologies such as Si spin qubit layers, will be developed to reduce form factors, latency, and power consumption, enabling qubit multiplexing strategies to significantly reduce physical components count inside and outside the cryostat. We will develop RF functions such as LNAs, mixers, oscillators, DACs, multiplexers and RF switches, initiating a new generation of low-power cryogenic electronics, combining III-V and Si CMOS technologies, for scalable quantum computers. The development will be based on cryogenic transistor and circuits validated models, reducing IC design margins operated at extremely low power levels. Novel nanoelectronic devices will be developed, explored, and benchmarked providing performance added values, at cryogenic temperatures.
Impact with our main outcomes: A) Cryogenic 3D integration technology and strategies with optimal balance between III-V, Si CMOS, and emerging device technologies – power/form factor constraints trade-off, B) new set of critical cryogenic building blocks, C) A matured set of emerging nanoelectronics, up to TRL 4, with technology benchmark that bring added value and will support future transistor technology nodes, D) An exploitation strategy of the technology developed targeting Quantum applications, space communication and sensing, and future wideband room temperature communication.
The SEQUENCE project, will develop and strengthen synergies between the identified fields. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
ES 397070 A | MANUFACTURE OF NON-WOVEN ARTICLES | Process for the manufacture of non-woven articles, characterized in that it comprises precipitating a thermoplastic resin on asbestos fibers in dispersion in water, in the presence of 0.3 to 10% relative to the weight of the resin of a reaction product of a polyamide with epichlorohydrin, at a temperature between 40 and 100ºC, prepare an aqueous dispersion containing the coated asbestos fibers such as those obtained in the first stage, together with other fibrous materials; form a sheet by removing the water and then dry this sheet. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP06(2018)004 | Serendipity In Dark Photon Searches | Searches for dark photons provide serendipitous discovery potential for other types of vector particles. We develop a framework for recasting dark photon searches to obtain constraints on more general theories, which includes a data-driven method for determining hadronic decay rates. We demonstrate our approach by deriving constraints on a vector that couples to the B-L current, a leptophobic B boson that couples directly to baryon number and to leptons via B-γ kinetic mixing, and on a vector that mediates a protophobic force. Our approach can easily be generalized to any massive gauge boson with vector couplings to the Standard Model fermions, and software to perform any such recasting is provided at https://gitlab. com/philten/darkcast
. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1145/2897518.2897526 | Efficiently Decoding Reed Muller Codes From Random Errors | Reed-Muller codes encode an m-variate polynomial of degree r by evaluating it on all points in {0,1}m. We denote this code by RM(m,r). The minimal distance of RM(m,r) is 2m−r and so it cannot correct more than half that number of errors in the worst case. For random errors one may hope for a better result. In this work we give an efficient algorithm (in the block length n=2m) for decoding random errors in Reed-Muller codes far beyond the minimal distance. Specifically, for low rate codes (of degree r=o(√m)) we can correct a random set of (1/2−o(1))n errors with high probability. For high rate codes (of degree m−r for r=o(√m/logm)), we can correct roughly mr/2 errors. More generally, for any integer r, our algorithm can correct any error pattern in RM(m,m−(2r+2)) for which the same erasure pattern can be corrected in RM(m,m−(r+1)). The results above are obtained by applying recent results of Abbe, Shpilka and Wigderson (STOC, 2015), Kumar and Pfister (2015) and Kudekar et al. (2015) regarding the ability of Reed-Muller codes to correct random erasures. The algorithm is based on solving a carefully defined set of linear equations and thus it is significantly different than other algorithms for decoding Reed-Muller codes that are based on the recursive structure of the code. It can be seen as a more explicit proof of a result of Abbe et al. that shows a reduction from correcting erasures to correcting errors, and it also bares some similarities with the famous Berlekamp-Welch algorithm for decoding Reed-Solomon codes. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1080/13876988.2019.1599161 | Introducing Vertical Policy Coordination To Comparative Policy Analysis The Missing Link Between Policy Production And Implementation | AbstractThe lack of effective vertical policy coordination between the policy makers at the “top” and the implementers at the “bottom” is an important source of deficits in both policy design and p. . . | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.5194/bg-13-3359-2016 | The status and challenge of global fire modelling | Biomass burning impacts vegetation dynamics, biogeochemical cycling, atmospheric chemistry, and climate, with sometimes deleterious socio-economic impacts. Under future climate projections it is often expected that the risk of wildfires will increase. Our ability to predict the magnitude and geographic pattern of future fire impacts rests on our ability to model fire regimes, using either well-founded empirical relationships or process-based models with good predictive skill. While a large variety of models exist today, it is still unclear which type of model or degree of complexity is required to model fire adequately at regional to global scales. This is the central question underpinning the creation of the Fire Model Intercomparison Project (FireMIP), an international initiative to compare and evaluate existing global fire models against benchmark data sets for present-day and historical conditions. In this paper we review how fires have been represented in fire-enabled dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) and give an overview of the current state of the art in fire-regime modelling. We indicate which challenges still remain in global fire modelling and stress the need for a comprehensive model evaluation and outline what lessons may be learned from FireMIP. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-020-15812-w | Cable bacteria reduce methane emissions from rice-vegetated soils | Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and approximately 11% of the global anthropogenic methane emissions originate from rice fields. Sulfate amendment is a mitigation strategy to reduce methane emissions from rice fields because sulfate reducers and methanogens compete for the same substrates. Cable bacteria are filamentous bacteria known to increase sulfate levels via electrogenic sulfide oxidation. Here we show that one-time inoculation of rice-vegetated soil pots with cable bacteria increases the sulfate inventory 5-fold, which leads to the reduction of methane emissions by 93%, compared to control pots lacking cable bacteria. Promoting cable bacteria in rice fields by enrichment or sensible management may thus become a strategy to reduce anthropogenic methane emissions. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W1645965689 | Effective Sentiment Analysis Based on Term Evaluation by Bayesian Model Selection Criteria | Sentiment analysis (or opinion mining) becomes more and more important in many industrial applications because there have been huge needs in extracting writers' intention in their text documents. Previous approaches have adopted classical techniques used in text categorization and information retrieval. For example, for the analysis of terms in a document, information theoretic measures such as point wise mutual information (PMI) have been widely used. Although these approaches are sometimes shown to be effective, it often takes a long time and expensive computation to find a right pair of words with maximum mutual information. Thus, it will be more beneficial if we can use more powerful measures such as Bayesian model selection criteria (i.e. likelihood and Bayesian information criteria) for the term analysis. In this paper, we estimate likelihood and Bayesian information criteria (BIC) for each term conditional to class labels. After we estimate model selection criteria, we calculate a ratio of the model selection criteria for each class label. Based on the obtained ratios, we can sort and identify highly influential terms for each class label. We have performed extensive experiments on several public benchmark data sets. Experimental results on those data sets indicate that our proposed approach is effective in term evaluation for sentiment classification, and exhibits scalability comparable to that of classical Bayesian classifiers. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-020-76302-z | Inhabited subsurface wet smectites in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert as an analog for the search for life on Mars | The modern Martian surface is unlikely to be habitable due to its extreme aridity among other environmental factors. This is the reason why the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert has been studied as an analog for the habitability of Mars for more than 50 years. Here we report a layer enriched in smectites located just 30 cm below the surface of the hyperarid core of the Atacama. We discovered the clay-rich layer to be wet (a phenomenon never observed before in this region), keeping a high and constant relative humidity of 78% (aw0. 780), and completely isolated from the changing and extremely dry subaerial conditions characteristic of the Atacama. The smectite-rich layer is inhabited by at least 30 halophilic species of metabolically active bacteria and archaea, unveiling a previously unreported habitat for microbial life under the surface of the driest place on Earth. The discovery of a diverse microbial community in smectite-rich subsurface layers in the hyperarid core of the Atacama, and the collection of biosignatures we have identified within the clays, suggest that similar shallow clay deposits on Mars may contain biosignatures easily reachable by current rovers and landers. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
172901 | Intelligent parkinson early detection guiding novel supportive interventions | Transition from healthy status to Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is vaguely tractable, since symptoms can be so subtle in the early stages that they go unnoticed. Lack of biomarkers and/or findings on routine MRI and CT scans, PD is left undiagnosed for years, gradually affecting the life of over 6.5 million of older adults (>55-60 yrs) worldwide, increasing the risk of their health deterioration. Epidemiological studies conclude that early intervention could have an inverse relation with the PD-related risks of progressive frailty, falls and emotional shift towards depression. Based on this evidence, the cardinal objective of i-PROGNOSIS is the development of (i) an ICT-based behavioural analysis approach for capturing, as early as possible, the PD symptoms appearance, and (ii) the application of ICT-based interventions countering identified risks. To achieve this, awareness initiatives will be employed, so as to construct i-PROGNOSIS community, targeting > 5000 older individuals within the duration of the project, in order to unobtrusively sense large scale behavioural data from its members, acquired from their natural use of mobile devices (smartphone/smartwatch). Ensuring anonymisation and secure Cloud archiving, i-PROGNOSIS will develop and employ advanced big data analytics and machine learning techniques, in a distributed and privacy aware fashion, so as to instantiate a PD Behavioural Model and construct reliable early PD symptoms detection alarms. To those identified and clinically validated as early stage PD patients, ICT-based interventions will be provided via the i-PROGNOSIS Intervention Platform, including: a) a Personalised Game Suite (ExerGames, DietaryGames, EmoGames, Handwriting/VoiceGames) for physical/emotional support, b) targeted nocturnal intervention to increase relaxation/sleep quality and c) assistive interventions for voice enhancement and gait rhythm guidance. In this way, i-PROGNOSIS will constructively contribute to active and healthy ageing. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
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