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10.1039/c7cp03395h | Orientational ordering of water in extended hydration shells of cations is ion-specific and is correlated directly with viscosity and hydration free energy | Specific ion effects in aqueous solutions are investigated at the molecular, nanoscopic and macroscopic levels. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.5194/bgd-7-1707-2010 | On CO<sub>2</sub> pertubation experiments: over-determination of carbonate chemistry reveals inconsistencies | Abstract. Seawater carbonate chemistry is typically calculated from two measured parameters. Depending on the choice of these input parameters, discrepancies in calculated pCO2 have been recognized by marine chemists, but the significance of this phenomenon for CO2 perturbation experiments has so far not been determined. To mimic different pCO2 scenarios, two common perturbation methods for seawater carbonate chemistry (changing either DIC or TA) were applied using state-of-the-art protocols and equipment. The carbonate system was over-constrained by measuring DIC, TA, pH, and pCO2. Calculated pCO2 matched measured pCO2 if pH and TA or pH and DIC were chosen as input parameters, whereas pCO2 calculated from TA and DIC was considerably lower than measured values. This has important implications for CO2 perturbation experiments. First, calculated pCO2 values may not be comparable if different input parameters were used. Second, responses of organisms to acidification may be overestimated when using TA and DIC for calculations. This is especially troublesome for experiments with calcifiers, as carbonate ion concentration and thus calcite or aragonite saturation state are overestimated. We suggest refraining from measuring TA and DIC only and rather include pH as input parameter for carbonate chemistry calculations. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
679841 | Order in one dimension: Functional hybrids of chirality-sorted carbon nanotubes | The hollow structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a wide range of diameters forms an ideal one-dimensional host system to study restricted diameter-dependent molecular transport and to achieve unique polar molecular order. For the ORDERin1D project, I will capitalize on my recent breakthroughs in the processing, filling, chiral sorting and high-resolution spectroscopic characterization of empty and filled CNTs, aiming for a diameter-dependent characterization of the filling with various molecules, which will pave the way for the rational design of ultraselective filtermembranes, sensors, nanofluidic devices and nanohybrids with unseen control over the structural order at the molecular scale. In particular, I recently found that dipolar molecules naturally align head-to-tail into a polar array inside the CNTs, after which their molecular directional properties such as their dipole moment and second-order nonlinear optical responses add up coherently, groundbreaking for the development of nanophotonics applications. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2230906852 | Study the safety behavior in scaffolding industry | Occupational safety is often related with productivity, reputation and profit. Many factors that are attributed to workplace accidents and safety behaviour have received little attention in occupational safety studies instead unsafe behaviour of the employees at
workplace is deemed to be the major cause for almost all accident cases in the industrial
scope. More attention has been focused on the workers safety behaviour in compliance with the workplace safety than determining actual hazardous scope of work and finding effective measures to reduce fatality at workplace. We are astounded by the fact that, limited studies have been focused on scaffolding industry although this scope of work contributes quite high accidents in the construction industry. It is reported by the Social Security Organization of Malaysia that the most prevailing accidents in the construction field is the slip and fall type. This study will identified factors that affect employee’s safety behaviour in scaffolding industry. Among the factors that will be discussed and analysed are safety policies, rules and procedures; safety communication and feedback, and finally safety training and PPE use training. The measurement tools that were adopted are from published work of previous researchers. The target respondents were the scaffold work related employees, currently working with the Shell Refinery at Port Dickson. A total of 120 respondents, choose at random had been distributed to the sample for the study consisting of four variables. Quantitative method using availability sampling used was applied in this research. The data gathered from the survey were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 11.0.1. The response to the survey were rated according to the Likert scale type with “1” indicated strongly disagree and “6” indicated strongly agree. The factors analysis indicated the numbers of factors extracted from this study was the same as those extracted from previous studies. This study showed that safety policies, rules and procedures; safety communication and feedback, and finally safety training and PPE use training was co-related to safety behavior in scaffolding industry | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1038/nrmicro.2015.6 | Cryptococcus: From environmental saprophyte to global pathogen | Cryptococcosis is a globally distributed invasive fungal infection that is caused by species within the genus Cryptococcus which presents substantial therapeutic challenges. Although natural human-to-human transmission has never been observed, recent work has identified multiple virulence mechanisms that enable cryptococci to infect, disseminate within and ultimately kill their human host. In this Review, we describe these recent discoveries that illustrate the intricacy of host-pathogen interactions and reveal new details about the host immune responses that either help to protect against disease or increase host susceptibility. In addition, we discuss how this improved understanding of both the host and the pathogen informs potential new avenues for therapeutic development. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1039/C1AN15762K | Acoustic Quantification Of Atp Using A Quartz Crystal Microbalance With Dissipation | A quartz crystal microbalance with a dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) sensor was developed for highly sensitive and specific detection of adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) by using an aptamer. The binding of ATP molecules on the aptamer films could be calculated as accurate mass changes using multiple frequency and dissipation measurements. The detection is achieved by calculating the mass changes from conformational rearrangements of the sensor surface upon interaction with the target. The sensor was demonstrated to respond to changes in ATP concentrations in real time suitable for continuous monitoring applications. This sensor showed excellent selectivity toward ATP compared with other chemically similar nucleotide GTP. The feasibility of the sensor was demonstrated by analyzing ATP concentrations in cell culture media with serum. The maximum frequency change was about −2 Hz after injection of 500 μM ATP. The affinity constant of the aptamer was determined to be 49 ± 7. 59 μM. The proposed sensor can extend the application of the QCM-D system in medical diagnosis, and could be adopted for the detection of other small molecules with the use of specific aptamers. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
US 201514982952 A | Pop and click noise reduction | Disclosed are advances in the arts with novel and useful electronic circuitry with pop and click noise reduction. A load circuit is connected with a full or single-ended half-H bridge circuit and another circuit mechanism in a configuration by which a signal may be used to selectably bring the load circuit terminals to a selected voltage level when an externally applied signal is not present. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.15252/embj.201899576 | Lipin1 deficiency causes sarcoplasmic reticulum stress and chaperone-responsive myopathy | As a consequence of impaired glucose or fatty acid metabolism, bioenergetic stress in skeletal muscles may trigger myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Genetic mutations causing loss of function of the LPIN1 gene frequently lead to severe rhabdomyolysis bouts in children, though the metabolic alterations and possible therapeutic interventions remain elusive. Here, we show that lipin1 deficiency in mouse skeletal muscles is sufficient to trigger myopathy. Strikingly, muscle fibers display strong accumulation of both neutral and phospholipids. The metabolic lipid imbalance can be traced to an altered fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation, accompanied by a defect in acyl chain elongation and desaturation. As an underlying cause, we reveal a severe sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) stress, leading to the activation of the lipogenic SREBP1c/SREBP2 factors, the accumulation of the Fgf21 cytokine, and alterations of SR–mitochondria morphology. Importantly, pharmacological treatments with the chaperone TUDCA and the fatty acid oxidation activator bezafibrate improve muscle histology and strength of lipin1 mutants. Our data reveal that SR stress and alterations in SR–mitochondria contacts are contributing factors and potential intervention targets of the myopathy associated with lipin1 deficiency. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1007/s00029-016-0289-z | W-algebras, higher rank false theta functions, and quantum dimensions | Motivated by appearances of Rogers’ false theta functions in the representation theory of the singlet vertex operator algebra, for each finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra of ADE type, we introduce higher rank false theta functions as characters of atypical modules of certain W-algebras and compute asymptotics of irreducible characters which allows us to determine quantum dimensions of the corresponding modules. In the s ℓ2-case, we recover many results from Bringmann and Milas (IMRN 21:11351–11387, 2015). | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
772695 | Non-elected politics. Cure or Curse for the Crisis of Representative Democracy? | Evidence of a growing disengagement of citizens from politics is multiplying. Electoral turnout reaches historically low levels. Anti-establishment and populist parties are on the rise. Fewer and fewer Europeans trust their representative institutions. In response, we have observed a multiplication of institutional reforms aimed at revitalizing representative democracy. Two in particular stand out: the delegation of some political decision-making powers to (1) selected citizens and to (2) selected experts. But there is a paradox in attempting to cure the crisis of representative democracy by introducing such reforms. In representative democracy, control over political decision-making is vested in elected representatives. Delegating political decision-making to selected experts/citizens is at odds with this definition. It empowers the non-elected. If these reforms show that politics could work without elected officials, could we really expect that citizens’ support for representative democracy would be boosted and that citizens would re-engage with representative politics? In that sense, would it be a cure for the crisis of representative democracy, or rather a curse? Our central hypothesis is that there is no universal and univocal healing (or harming) effect of non-elected politics on support for representative democracy. In order to verify it, I propose to collect data across Europe on three elements: (1) a detailed study of the preferences of Europeans on how democracy should work and on institutional reforms towards non-elected politics, (2) a comprehensive inventory of all actual cases of empowerment of citizens and experts implemented across Europe since 2000, and (3) an analysis of the impact of exposure to non-elected politics on citizens’ attitudes towards representative democracy. An innovative combination of online survey experiments and of panel surveys will be used to answer this topical research question with far-reaching societal implication. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1093/sysbio/syx079 | An assessment of phylogenetic tools for analyzing the interplay between interspecific interactions and phenotypic evolution | Much ecological and evolutionary theory predicts that interspecific interactions often drive phenotypic diversification and that species phenotypes in turn influence species interactions. Several phylogenetic comparativemethods have been developed to assess the importance of such processes in nature; however, the statistical properties of these methods have gone largely untested. Focusing mainly on scenarios of competition between closely-related species, we assess the performance of available comparative approaches for analyzing the interplay between interspecific interactions and species phenotypes. We find that many currently used statistical methods often fail to detect the impact of interspecific interactions on trait evolution, that sister-taxa analyses are particularly unreliable in general, and that recently developed process-based models have more satisfactory statistical properties. Methods for detecting predictors of species interactions are generally more reliable than methods for detecting character displacement. In weighing the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches, we hope to provide a clear guide for empiricists testing hypotheses about the reciprocal effect of interspecific interactions and species phenotypes and to inspire further development of process-based models. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-61494-6_1 | The Geometry Of Diffusing And Self Attracting Particles In A One Dimensional Fair Competition Regime | We consider an aggregation-diffusion equation modelling particle interaction with non-linear diffusion and non-local attractive interaction using a homogeneous kernel (singular and non-singular) leading to variants of the Keller-Segel model of chemotaxis. We analyse the fair-competition regime in which both homogeneities scale the same with respect to dilations. Our analysis here deals with the one-dimensional case, building on the work in Calvez et al. (Equilibria of homogeneous functionals in the fair-competition regime), and provides an almost complete classification. In the singular kernel case and for critical interaction strength, we prove uniqueness of stationary states via a variant of the Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality. Using the same methods, we show uniqueness of self-similar profiles in the sub-critical case by proving a new type of functional inequality. Surprisingly, the same results hold true for any interaction strength in the non-singular kernel case. Further, we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of solutions, proving convergence to equilibrium in Wasserstein distance in the critical singular kernel case, and convergence to self-similarity for sub-critical interaction strength, both under a uniform stability condition. Moreover, solutions converge to a unique self-similar profile in the non-singular kernel case. Finally, we provide a numerical overview for the asymptotic behaviour of solutions in the full parameter space demonstrating the above results. We also discuss a number of phenomena appearing in the numerical explorations for the diffusion-dominated and attraction-dominated regimes. | [
"Mathematics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1177/1354068817740758 | Party Competition And Political Representation In Crisis An Introductory Note | The aim of the special issue is to investigate through a comparative lens the impact of the recent economic crisis and consequent austerity measures on party competition and political representation in Europe. All six contributions focus on the substance of political conflict and provide new insights about the impact of the crisis on (a) the policy agendas of political parties, (b) the relationship between government and opposition parties, and (c) how citizens’ preferences are represented by political parties. Theoretically, the contributions link the literatures on party competition, responsiveness, agenda-setting, and social movements. Empirically, they provide new empirical material, in particular on the countries in Southern Europe which were hard hit by the crisis. The introduction presents the rationale of the special issue and summarizes the focus and findings of the six contributions. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1145/2660267.2660276 | A Computationally Complete Symbolic Attacker For Equivalence Properties | We consider the problem of computational indistinguishability of protocols. We design a symbolic model, amenable to automated deduction, such that a successful inconsistency proof implies computational indistinguishability. Conversely, symbolic models of distinguishability provide clues for likely computational attacks. We follow the idea we introduced earlier for reachability properties, axiomatizing what an attacker cannot violate. This results a computationally complete symbolic attacker, and ensures unconditional computational soundness for the symbolic analysis. We present a small library of computationally sound, modular axioms, and test our technique on an example protocol. Despite additional difficulties stemming from the equivalence properties, the models and the soundness proofs turn out to be simpler than they were for reachability properties. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
893232 | Ngi zero - privacy enhancing technologies | The NGI vision clearly identifies major social and economic challenges that need to be addressed urgently, and articulates a powerful vision for a new phase of the internet. It tries to create an Internet of Human Values, that is resilient, trustworthy and sustainable. The overall mission of the Next Generation Internet initiative is to re-imagine and re-engineer the Internet for the third millennium and beyond. We have an ambitious project in support of that vision that wants to have an actual real-world impact at the system level. We will provide an agile, effective and low-threshold funding mechanism to enable individual researchers and developers as well as small teams to research and develop important new ideas that contribute to the NGI. We build on decades of experience to make this very simple and user-friendly, to allow clueful and committed people to focus on delivering solutions to important problems. Unique to our project is that - built on this experience - we will provide a greenhouse environment for the projects and teams that are funded within NGI. We aim to complement the knowledge and skill set of the project proposers with world class domain experts in various fields, such as accessibility, engineering secure software, localisation, software license compliance, packaging, responsible disclosure, documentation, etc . We provide guidance and mentoring to tackle each of these topics. We have the support of (and are directly engaging with) the major constituencies in the internet area: the European association of research networks (GÉANT), the open source community (FSFE), the digital rights community (EDRi), the regional internet registry (RIPE), the hosting companies (ECO, DHPA), the internet exchanges (EURO-ix), the web standards community (W3C), embedded systems manufacturers for industry (OSADL), open hardware community (FOSSI), and more. Let’s together re-invent Internet to reach the full human potential, for all generations. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
217753 | Verification engineering of safety and security critical dynamic industrial applications | The VESSEDIA project will bring safety and security to many new software applications and devices. In the fast evolving world we live in, the Internet has brought many benefits to individuals, organisations and industries. With the capabilities offered now (such as IPv6) to connect billions of devices and therefore humans together, the Internet brings new threats to the software developers and VESSEDIA will allow connected applications to be safe and secure. VESSEDIA proposes to enhance and scale up modern software analysis tools, namely the mostly open-source Frama-C Analysis platform, to allow developers to benefit rapidly from them when developing connected applications. At the forefront of connected applications is the IoT, whose growth is exponential and whose security risks are real (for instance in hacked smart phones). VESSEDIA will take this domain as a target for demonstrating the benefits of using our tools on connected applications.
VESSEDIA will tackle this challenge by 1) developing a methodology that allows to adopt and use source code analysis tools efficiently and produce similar benefits than already achieved for highly-critical applications (i.e. an exhaustive analysis and extraction of faults), 2) enhancing the Frama-C toolbox to enable efficient and fast implementation, 3) demonstrating the new toolbox capabilities on typical IoT (Internet of Things) applications including an IoT Operating System (Contiki), 4) developing a standardisation plan for generalising the use of the toolbox, 5) contributing to the Common Criteria certification process, and 6) defining a label “Verified in Europe” for validating software products with European technologies such as Frama-C. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/ICASSP.2015.7178643 | Consistency Of L 1 Regularized Maximum Likelihood For Compressive Poisson Regression | We consider Poisson regression with the canonical link function. This regression model is widely used in regression analysis involving count data; one important application in electrical engineering is transmission tomography. In this paper, we establish the variable selection consistency and estimation consistency of the l 1 -regularized maximum-likelihood estimator in this regression model, and characterize the asymptotic sample complexity that ensures consistency even under the compressive sensing setting (or the n ≪ p setting in high-dimensional statistics). | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/gbi.12377 | Identifying microbial life in rocks: Insights from population morphometry | The identification of cellular life in the rock record is problematic, since microbial life forms, and particularly bacteria, lack sufficient morphologic complexity to be effectively distinguished from certain abiogenic features in rocks. Examples include organic pore-fillings, hydrocarbon-containing fluid inclusions, organic coatings on exfoliated crystals and biomimetic mineral aggregates (biomorphs). This has led to the interpretation and re-interpretation of individual microstructures in the rock record. The morphologic description of entire populations of microstructures, however, may provide support for distinguishing between preserved micro-organisms and abiogenic objects. Here, we present a statistical approach based on quantitative morphological description of populations of microstructures. Images of modern microbial populations were compared to images of two relevant types of abiogenic microstructures: interstitial spaces and silica–carbonate biomorphs. For the populations of these three systems, the size, circularity, and solidity of individual particles were calculated. Subsequently, the mean/SD, skewness, and kurtosis of the statistical distributions of these parameters were established. This allowed the qualitative and quantitative comparison of distributions in these three systems. In addition, the fractal dimension and lacunarity of the populations were determined. In total, 11 parameters, independent of absolute size or shape, were used to characterize each population of microstructures. Using discriminant analysis with parameter subsets, it was found that size and shape distributions are typically sufficient to discriminate populations of biologic and abiogenic microstructures. Analysis of ancient, yet unambiguously biologic, samples (1. 0 Ga Angmaat Formation, Baffin Island, Canada) suggests that taphonomic effects can alter morphometric characteristics and complicate image analysis; therefore, a wider range of microfossil assemblages should be studied in the future before automated analyses can be developed. In general, however, it is clear from our results that there is great potential for morphometric descriptions of populations in the context of life recognition in rocks, either on Earth or on extraterrestrial bodies. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1109/TMI.2012.2187917 | Efficient framework for model-based tomographic image reconstruction using wavelet packets | The use of model-based algorithms in tomographic imaging offers many advantages over analytical inversion methods. However, the relatively high computational complexity of model-based approaches often restricts their efficient implementation. In practice, many modern imaging modalities, such as computed-tomography, positron-emission tomography, or optoacoustic tomography, normally use a very large number of pixels/voxels for image reconstruction. Consequently, the size of the forward-model matrix hinders the use of many inversion algorithms. In this paper, we present a new framework for model-based tomographic reconstructions, which is based on a wavelet-packet representation of the imaged object and the acquired projection data. The frequency localization property of the wavelet-packet base leads to an approximately separable model matrix, for which reconstruction at each spatial frequency band is independent and requires only a fraction of the projection data. Thus, the large model matrix is effectively separated into a set of smaller matrices, facilitating the use of inversion schemes whose complexity is highly nonlinear with respect to matrix size. The performance of the new methodology is demonstrated for the case of 2-D optoacoustic tomography for both numerically generated and experimental data. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.jmoldx.2014.09.005 | Whole-genome sequencing identifies patient-specific DNA minimal residual disease markers in neuroblastoma | PCR-based detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in neuroblastoma is currently based on RNA markers; however, expression of these targets can vary, and only paired-like homeobox 2b has no background expression. We investigated whether chromosomal breakpoints, identified by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), can be used as patient-specific DNA MRD markers. WGS data were used to develop large numbers of real-time PCRs specific for tumors of eight patients. These PCRs were used to quantify chromosomal breakpoints in primary tumor and bone marrow samples. Finally, the DNA breakpoints with the highest abundance were compared with a panel of RNA markers. By WGS we identified 42 chromosomal breakpoints in tumor samples from eight patients and developed specific quantitative real-time PCRs for each breakpoint. The tumor-specific breakpoints were all present in bone marrow at diagnosis. For one patient slight clonal selection was observed in response to treatment. Positivity of DNA MRD markers preceded disease progression in four of five patients; in one patient the RNA markers remained negative. For 16 of 22 samples MRD levels determined by RNA and DNA were comparable and in 6 of 22 samples higher MRD levels were detected by DNA markers. DNA breakpoints used as MRD targets in neuroblastoma are reliable and stable markers. In addition, this technique might be applicable for detecting tumor cells in other types of cancer. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1002/adfm.201403773 | The relationship between structural and electrical characteristics in perylenecarboxydiimide-based nanoarchitectures | The controlled assembly of the prototypical n-type organic semiconductor N,N-1H,1H-perfluorobutyl dicyanoperylenecarboxydiimide (PDIF-CN<inf>2</inf>) into ordered nanoarchitectures and the multiscale analysis of the correlation between their structural and their electrical properties is reported. By making use of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, monolayers of PDIF-CN<inf>2</inf> arranged in upright standing molecular packing on different substrates are formed. Postdeposition thermal treatment makes it possible to trigger a reorganization into layered ultrathin crystalline nanostructures, exhibiting structural and photophysical properties similar to those of microscopic crystals obtained by solvent-induced precipitation. The controlled engineering of these molecular architectures on surfaces enables us to identify both a dependence of the monolayer resistance on the molecular tilt angle in vertical junctions and a pronounced charge-transport anisotropy | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201834793 | Diagnostic Potential Of The Ca Ii 8542 A Line For Solar Filaments | Aims. In this study we explore the diagnostic potential of the chromospheric Ca II line at 8542 angstrom for studying the magnetic and dynamic properties of solar filaments. We have acquired high s . . . | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1080/10619127.2017.1317175 | Cosy Prepares The First Measurement Of The Deuteron Electric Dipole Moment | One of the most intriguing questions in cosmology and perhaps in all of physics is: “Why is there so much matter in the Universe and so little antimatter?” Until today, there is no evidence for any primordial antimatter within our galaxy or even beyond. There is no indication for any form of co-existence of matter and antimatter in clusters or galaxies within our Universe. Hence, it is usually concluded that our visible Universe is made entirely of matter and is intrinsically matter non-symmetric. According to the combined Standard Models of cosmology and particle physics it is expected that at the end of the inflationary epoch—following the Big Bang—the number of particles and antiparticles were in extreme balance, yet somehow the laws of physics contrived to act differently on matter and antimatter in order to generate the current imbalance. Interestingly, one of the necessary physics mechanisms required for such effects—namely CP-violation—is very small in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics an. . . | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.3762/bjoc.16.72 | One-pot synthesis of dicyclopenta-fused peropyrene via a fourfold alkyne annulation | A novel dicyclopenta-fused peropyrene derivative 1 was synthesized via a palladium-catalyzed four-fold alkyne annulation of 1,3,6,8-tetrabromo-2,7-diphenylpyrene (5) with diphenylacetylene. The annulative π-extension reaction toward 1 involved a twofold [3 + 2] cyclopentannulation and subsequent twofold [4 + 2] benzannulation. The structure of 1 is unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography; 1 adopted a twisted geometry due to the steric hindrance of the phenyl rings and the hydrogen substituents at the bay regions. Notably, compound 1 exhibits a narrow energy gap (1. 78 eV) and a lower LUMO energy level than the parent peropyrene without the fusion of the five-membered rings. In addition, the effects of the peri-fused pentagons on the aromaticity and molecular orbitals of 1 were evaluated by theoretical calculations. This work presents an efficient method to develop π-extended aromatic hydrocarbons with cyclopenta moieties. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1088/1475-7516/2016/12/033 | Numerical Evaluation Of The Bispectrum In Multiple Field Inflation The Transport Approach With Code | We present a complete framework for numerical calculation of the power spectrum and bispectrum in canonical inflation with an arbitrary number of light or heavy fields. Our method includes all relevant effects at tree-level in the loop expansion, including (i) interference between growing and decaying modes near horizon exit; (ii) correlation and coupling between species near horizon exit and on superhorizon scales; (iii) contributions from mass terms; and (iv) all contributions from coupling to gravity. We track the evolution of each correlation function from the vacuum state through horizon exit and the superhorizon regime, with no need to match quantum and classical parts of the calculation; when integrated, our approach corresponds exactly with the tree-level Schwinger or `in-in' formulation of quantum field theory. In this paper we give the equations necessary to evolve all two- and three-point correlation functions together with suitable initial conditions. The final formalism is suitable to compute the amplitude, shape, and scale dependence of the bispectrum in models with |fNL| of order unity or less, which are a target for future galaxy surveys such as Euclid, DESI and LSST. As an illustration we apply our framework to a number of examples, obtaining quantitatively accurate predictions for their bispectra for the first time. Two accompanying reports describe publicly-available software packages that implement the method. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W2005736143 | Pollution from the electric power sector in Japan and efficient pollution reduction | Abstract Under the scheme of the Kyoto Protocol, there are plans for the efficient reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. In the electric power sector, nuclear power generation, which emits no carbon dioxide in the process of generating electricity, has come under scrutiny. However, this energy produces a new environmental issue: the disposal of radioactive waste. First, we derive shadow prices of carbon dioxide and low-level waste as marginal abatement costs in the case of the electric power sector in Japan, employing a directional output distance function. It is found that the shadow prices are US$39 per tonne for carbon dioxide and US$1531 per liter for low-level waste. Secondly, we calculate the indirect Morishima elasticity between carbon dioxide and low-level waste in order to identify their substitutability, and it is found that the substitution of low-level waste for carbon dioxide is easier than the reverse. This result suggests that, with the amount of generated electricity fixed, carbon dioxide can be substituted more easily by low-level waste when the relative price of carbon dioxide increases, for example, as a result of implementation of a carbon dioxide tax or an emissions trading system. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41568-020-0275-9 | In vivo functional screening for systems-level integrative cancer genomics | With the genetic portraits of all major human malignancies now available, we next face the challenge of characterizing the function of mutated genes, their downstream targets, interactions and molecular networks. Moreover, poorly understood at the functional level are also non-mutated but dysregulated genomes, epigenomes or transcriptomes. Breakthroughs in manipulative mouse genetics offer new opportunities to probe the interplay of molecules, cells and systemic signals underlying disease pathogenesis in higher organisms. Herein, we review functional screening strategies in mice using genetic perturbation and chemical mutagenesis. We outline the spectrum of genetic tools that exist, such as transposons, CRISPR and RNAi and describe discoveries emerging from their use. Genome-wide or targeted screens are being used to uncover genomic and regulatory landscapes in oncogenesis, metastasis or drug resistance. Versatile screening systems support experimentation in diverse genetic and spatio-temporal settings to integrate molecular, cellular or environmental context-dependencies. We also review the combination of in vivo screening and barcoding strategies to study genetic interactions and quantitative cancer dynamics during tumour evolution. These scalable functional genomics approaches are transforming our ability to interrogate complex biological systems. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1039/C7CC05377K | Inducing High Activity Of A Thermophilic Enzyme At Ambient Temperatures By Directed Evolution | The long-standing problem of achieving high activity of a thermophilic enzyme at low temperatures and short reaction times with little tradeoff in thermostability has been solved by directed evolution, an alcohol dehydrogenase found in hot springs serving as the catalyst in enantioselective ketone reductions. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
725698 | Does dust triboelectrification affect our climate? | The recent IPCC report identifies mineral dust and the associated uncertainties in climate projections as key topics for future research. Dust size distribution in climate models controls the dust-radiation-cloud interactions and is a major contributor to these uncertainties. Observations show that the coarse mode of dust can be sustained during long-range transport, while current understanding fails in explaining why the lifetime of large airborne dust particles is longer than expected from gravitational settling theories. This discrepancy between observations and theory suggests that other processes counterbalance the effect of gravity along transport. D-TECT envisages filling this knowledge gap by studying the contribution of the triboelectrification (contact electrification) on particle removal processes. Our hypothesis is that triboelectric charging generates adequate electric fields to hold large dust particles up in the atmosphere. D-TECT aims to (i) parameterize the physical mechanisms responsible for dust triboelectrification; (ii) assess the impact of electrification on dust settling; (iii) quantify the climatic impacts of the process, particularly the effect on the dust size evolution during transport, on dry deposition and on CCN/IN reservoirs, and the effect of the electric field on particle orientation and on radiative transfer. The approach involves the development of a novel specialized high-power lidar system to detect and characterize aerosol particle orientation and a large-scale field experiment in the Mediterranean Basin using unprecedented ground-based remote sensing and airborne in-situ observation synergies. Considering aerosol-electricity interactions, the observations will be used to improve theoretical understanding and simulations of dust lifecycle. The project will provide new fundamental understanding, able to open new horizons for weather and climate science, including biogeochemistry, volcanic ash and extraterrestrial dust research. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201731913 | Magnetic characterization and variability study of the magnetic SPB star o Lupi | Thanks to large dedicated surveys, large-scale magnetic fields have been detected for about 10% of early-type stars. We aim to precisely characterize the large-scale magnetic field of the magnetic component of the wide binary o Lupi, by using high-resolution ESPaDOnS and HARPSpol spectropolarimetry to analyze the variability of the measured longitudinal magnetic field. In addition, we have investigated the periodic variability using space-based photometry collected with the BRITE-Constellation by means of iterative prewhitening. The rotational variability of the longitudinal magnetic field indicates a rotation period Prot = 2. 95333(2) d and that the large-scale magnetic field is dipolar, but with a significant quadrupolar contribution. Strong differences in the strength of the measured magnetic field occur for various chemical elements as well as rotational modulation for Fe and Si absorption lines, suggesting a inhomogeneous surface distribution of chemical elements. Estimates of the geometry of the large-scale magnetic field indicate i = 27 ± 10°, β = 74−9+7°, and a polar field strength of at least 5. 25 kG. The BRITE photometry reveals the rotation frequency and several of its harmonics, as well as two gravity mode pulsation frequencies. The high-amplitude g-mode pulsation at f = 1. 1057 d−1 dominates the line-profile variability of the majority of the spectroscopic absorption lines. We do not find direct observational evidence of the secondary in the spectroscopy. Therefore, we attribute the pulsations and the large-scale magnetic field to the B5IV primary of the o Lupi system, but we discuss the implications should the secondary contribute to or cause the observed variability. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.5194/se-7-1383-2016 | Eruptive shearing of tube pumice: pure and simple | Abstract. Understanding the physicochemical conditions extant and mechanisms operative during explosive volcanism is essential for reliable forecasting and mitigation of volcanic events. Rhyolitic pumices reflect highly vesiculated magma whose bubbles can serve as a strain indicator for inferring the state of stress operative immediately prior to eruptive fragmentation. Obtaining the full kinematic picture reflected in bubble population geometry has been extremely difficult, involving dissection of a small number of delicate samples. The advent of reliable high-resolution tomography has changed this situation radically. Here we demonstrate via the use of tomography how a statistically powerful picture of the shapes and connectivity of thousands of individual bubbles within a single sample of tube pumice emerges. The strain record of tube pumice is modelled using empirical models of bubble geometry and liquid rheology, reliant on a constraint of magmatic water concentration. FTIR analysis reveals an imbalance in water speciation, suggesting post-eruption hydration, further supported by hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements. Our work demonstrates that the strain recorded in the tube pumice dominated by simple shear (not pure shear) in the late deformational history of vesicular magma before eruption. This constraint in turn implies that magma ascent is conditioned by a velocity gradient (across the conduit) at the point of origin of tube pumice. Magma ascent accompanied by simple shear should enhance high eruption rates inferred independently for these highly viscous systems. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1063/1.4941722 | Design and test of a broadband split-and-delay unit for attosecond XUV-XUV pump-probe experiments | We present the design of a split-and-delay unit for the production of two delayed replicas of an incident extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse. The device features a single grazing incidence reflection in combination with attenuation of remaining infrared light co-propagating with the XUV beam, offering a high throughput without the need of introducing additional optics that would further decrease the XUV flux. To achieve the required spatial and temporal stabilities, the device is controlled by two PID-controllers monitoring the delay and the beam pointing using an optical reference laser beam, making collimation of the beam by additional optics unnecessary. Finally, we demonstrate the stability of the split-and-delay unit by performing all-reflective autocorrelation measurements on broadband few-cycle laser pulses. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/onc.2010.542 | Functions of Fos phosphorylation in bone homeostasis, cytokine response and tumourigenesis | Mice lacking c-fos develop osteopetrosis due to a block in osteoclast differentiation. Carboxy-terminal phosphorylation of Fos on serine 374 by ERK1/2 and serine 362 by RSK1/2 regulates Fos stability and transactivation potential in vitro. To assess the physiological relevance of Fos phosphorylation in vivo, serine 362 and/or serine 374 was replaced by alanine (Fos362A, Fos374A and FosAA) or by phospho-mimetic aspartic acid (FosDD). Homozygous mutants were healthy and skeletogenesis was largely unaffected. Fos C-terminal phosphorylation, predominantly on serine 374, was found important for osteoclast differentiation in vitro and affected lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine response in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, skin papilloma development was delayed in FosAA, Fos362A and Rsk2-deficient mice, accelerated in FosDD mice and unaffected in Fos374A mutants. Furthermore, the related Fos protein and putative RSK2 target Fra1 failed to substitute for Fos in papilloma development. This indicates that phosphorylation of serines 362 and 374 exerts context-dependent roles in modulating Fos activity in vivo. Inhibition of Fos C-terminal phosphorylation on serine 362 by targeting RSK2 might be of therapeutic relevance for skin tumours. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1088/1367-2630/15/4/045012 | Coherent storage of temporally multimode light using a spin-wave atomic frequency comb memory | We report on the coherent and multi-temporal mode storage of light using the full atomic frequency comb memory scheme. The scheme involves the transfer of optical atomic excitations in Pr3+:Y2SiO5 to spin waves in hyperfine levels using strong single-frequency transfer pulses. Using this scheme, a total of five temporal modes are stored and recalled on-demand from the memory. The coherence of the storage and retrieval is characterized using a time-bin interference measurement resulting in visibilities higher than 80%, independent of the storage time. This coherent and multimode spin-wave memory is promising as a quantum memory for light. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1016/j.jfineco.2012.01.006 | How (not) to pay for advice: A framework for consumer financial protection | This paper investigates the determinants of the compensation structure for brokers who advise customers regarding the suitability of financial products. Our model explains why brokers are commonly compensated indirectly through contingent commissions paid by product providers, even though this compensation structure could lead to biased advice. When customers are wary of the adviser's incentives, contingent commissions can be an effective incentive tool to induce the adviser to learn which specialized product is most suitable for the specific needs of customers. If, instead, customers naively believe they receive unbiased advice, high product prices and correspondingly high commissions become a tool of exploitation. Policy intervention that mandates disclosure of commissions can protect naive consumers and increase welfare. However, prohibiting or capping commissions could have the unintended consequence of stifling the adviser's incentive to acquire information. More vigorous competition benefits consumers and reduces exploitation, but firms have limited incentives to educate naive customers. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
176233 | Noisy electromagnetic fields - a technological platform for chip-to-chip communication in the 21st century | Wireless Chip-to-Chip (C2C) communication and wireless links between printed circuit boards operating as Multiple Input Multiple Output devices need to become dominant features of future generations of integrated circuits and chip architectures. They will be able to overcome the information bottleneck due to wired connections and will lead the semiconductor industry into a new More-Than-Moore era. Designing the architecture of these wireless C2C networks is, however, impossible today based on standard engineering design tools. Efficient modelling strategies for describing noisy electromagnetic fields in complex environments are necessary for developing these new chip architectures and wireless interconnectors. Device modelling and chip optimization procedures need to be based on the underlying physics for determining the electromagnetic fields, the noise models and complex interference pattern. In addition, they need to take into account input signals of modern communication systems being modulated, coded, noisy and eventually disturbed by other signals and thus extremely complex.
Recent advances both in electrical engineering and mathematical physics make it possible to deliver the breakthroughs necessary to enable this future emerging wireless C2C technology by creating a revolutionary electromagnetic field simulation toolbox. Increasingly sophisticated physical models of wireless interconnects and associated signal processing strategies and new insight into wave modelling in complex environments based on dynamical systems theory and random matrix theory make it possible to envisage wireless communication on a chip level. This opens up completely new pathways for chip design, for carrier frequency ranges as well as for energy efficiency and miniaturisation, which will shape the electronic consumer market in the 21st century. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2013.JF2K.2 | Depletion Of The Superconducting Condensate In Bi 2 Sr 2 Cacu 2 O 8 Δ Induced By Intense Multi Thz Pulses | The superconducting state of the high-T c cuprate Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ is resonantly excited by intense multi-THz pulses and the following quasiparticle dynamics is probed. The dependence of the pump-probe signal on excitation fluence shows a super-linear behavior. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1098/rsif.2011.0222 | Controlling molecular transport through nanopores | Nanopores are emerging as powerful tools for the detection and identification of macromolecules in aqueous solution. In this review, we discuss the recent development of active and passive controls over molecular transport through nanopores with emphasis on biosensing applications. We give an overview of the solutions developed to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the resistive-pulse technique based on biological and solid-state nanopores. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-018-05135-2 | Femtosecond formation dynamics of the spin Seebeck effect revealed by terahertz spectroscopy | Understanding the transfer of spin angular momentum is essential in modern magnetism research. A model case is the generation of magnons in magnetic insulators by heating an adjacent metal film. Here, we reveal the initial steps of this spin Seebeck effect with <27 fs time resolution using terahertz spectroscopy on bilayers of ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet and platinum. Upon exciting the metal with an infrared laser pulse, a spin Seebeck current js arises on the same ~100 fs time scale on which the metal electrons thermalize. This observation highlights that efficient spin transfer critically relies on carrier multiplication and is driven by conduction electrons scattering off the metal–insulator interface. Analytical modeling shows that the electrons’ dynamics are almost instantaneously imprinted onto js because their spins have a correlation time of only ~4 fs and deflect the ferrimagnetic moments without inertia. Applications in material characterization, interface probing, spin-noise spectroscopy and terahertz spin pumping emerge. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
Q6179051 | INOVAÇÃO NA COR! OU INSERÇÃO DE ELEMENTOS DE INOVAÇÃO ATRAVÉS DA INTERCONEXÃO E OTIMIZAÇÃO DOS PROCESSOS DE GESTÃO DA ORDEM, INOVAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS ATRAVÉS DA MODERNIZAÇÃO DE PLANTAS, MÁQUINAS E EQUIPAMENTOS PARA | A INTERCONEXÃO DA REDE COMERCIAL COM O SISTEMA DE GESTÃO DA EMPRESA ATRAVÉS DA APRESENTAÇÃO DE CATÁLOGOS, FICHAS DE DADOS PRODUZIDAS EM FORMATO DIGITAL NO IPAD E A AQUISIÇÃO RELATIVA DE ENCOMENDAS COM IPAD, ACELERANDO AO MESMO TEMPO | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
979467 | Smart ceramic hollow fibers for energy efficient gas and vapour sorption | The aim of this project is to develop a novel ceramic hollow fiber adsorption system for high throughput, energy efficient separation and purification of gases/ vapours. Current adsorption technologies are grossly energy inefficient due to waste heat generation and long regeneration times. Therefore, it is important to develop new energy efficient, smart functional materials in order to meet society’s future energy demands. Functional hollow fibers with smart characteristics (such as self-regulated heating and regeneration of the adsorbent bed) have the potential to meet these challenges, and compact systems could be formed that also exhibit low pressure drop, no adsorbent bed settling and channelling, and have a low thermal mass for rapid regeneration of the adsorbent layer. The novel hollow fiber will consist of a thin film zeolite inner layer for adsorption of target species, while the outer layer is formed from a perovskite-type Lanthanum doped BaTiO3 ceramic with positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) characteristics. The PTCR layer provides inherent temperature control, imparting self-regulating and self-limited Ohmic (Joule) heating with thermal energy directed onto the inner adsorbent layer in order to regenerate the system for the next process cycle. This is a highly multidisciplinary project encompassing the formation of electro-ceramic hollow fibers from wet spinning techniques, zeolite deposition chemistry, and industrial engineering. The MSC-IF researcher will work within the Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Research (EMPA) in the High Performance Ceramics Group, where he will develop expertise in ceramic processing and extrusion. A prototype ceramic hollow fiber, gas purification system will be developed and benchmarked against conventional packed-bed technology, during a secondment phase to NanoPurification Solutions Ltd (UK), a manufacturer of industrial gas separation technology. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/TIT.2015.2462817 | Reed Muller Codes For Random Erasures And Errors | This paper studies the parameters for which binary Reed–Muller (RM) codes can be decoded successfully on the binary erasure channel and binary symmetry channel, and, in particular, when can they achieve capacity for these two classical channels. Necessarily, this paper also studies the properties of evaluations of multivariate $GF(2)$ polynomials on the random sets of inputs. For erasures, we prove that RM codes achieve capacity both for very high rate and very low rate regimes. For errors, we prove that RM codes achieve capacity for very low rate regimes, and for very high rates, we show that they can uniquely decode at about the square root of the number of errors at capacity. The proofs of these four results are based on different techniques, which we find interesting in their own right. In particular, we study the following questions about $E(m,r)$ , the matrix whose rows are the truth tables of all the monomials of degree $\leq r$ in $m$ variables. What is the most (resp. least) number of random columns in $E(m,r)$ that define a submatrix having full column rank (resp. full row rank) with high probability? We obtain tight bounds for very small (resp. very large) degrees $r$ , which we use to show that RM codes achieve capacity for erasures in these regimes. Our decoding from random errors follows from the following novel reduction. For every linear code $C$ of sufficiently high rate, we construct a new code $C'$ obtained by tensorizing $C$ , such that for every subset $S$ of coordinates, if $C$ can recover from erasures in $S$ , then $C'$ can recover from errors in $S$ . Specializing this to the RM codes and using our results for erasures imply our result on the unique decoding of the RM codes at high rate. Finally, two of our capacity achieving results require tight bounds on the weight distribution of RM codes. We obtain such bounds extending the recent bounds from constant degree to linear degree polynomials. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1145/2973568 | Sensing The Future Of Hci Touch Taste And Smell User Interfaces | Touch, taste, and smell are an underexplored design space in the context of interactive experiences. By understanding the ways in which our senses process information and how they relate to one another, it will be possible to create richer experiences for humantechnology interactions. We need to design interfaces that allow the stimulation of unexplored sensory inputs as well as interfaces that take into account the relationships between the senses. Digital Taste Interface is a method for simulating the sensation of taste by actuating the human tongue through electrical and thermal stimulation. AromaShooter is a smell-delivery device, contains six scent cartridges and connects to a computer via USB. Taste+ is an interface where the user can augment the flavors of food and beverages by applying weak and controlled electrical pulses on their tongue using electronically enhanced everyday utensils such as spoons and beverage bottles. It is crucial to determine the meaningful design space for multisensory interactive experiences. At the same time, it is also key to understand the unique properties of each sensory modality before designing for their sensory integration in the design of interactive systems. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.3847/0004-637X/818/2/124 | A Two Parameter Criterion For Classifying The Explodability Of Massive Stars By The Neutrino Driven Mechanism | Thus far, judging the fate of a massive star (either a neutron star (NS) or a black hole) solely by its structure prior to core collapse has been ambiguous. Our work and previous attempts find a non-monotonic variation of successful and failed supernovae with zero-age main-sequence mass, for which no single structural parameter can serve as a good predictive measure. However, we identify two parameters computed from the pre-collapse structure of the progenitor, which in combination allow for a clear separation of exploding and non-exploding cases with only few exceptions ( 1‐2. 5%) in our set of 621 investigated stellar models. One parameter is M4, defining the enclosed mass for a dimensionless entropy per nucleon of s = 4, and the other is 4 dm=drjs=4, being the mass-derivative at this location. The two parameters 4 and M4 4 can be directly linked to the mass-infall rate, ˙ M, of the collapsing star and the electron-type neutrino luminosity of the accreting proto-NS, L e / Mns ˙ M, which play a crucial role in the “critical luminosity” concept for the theoretical description of neutrino-driven explosions as runaway phenomenon of the stalled accretion shock. All models were evolved employing the approach of Ugliano et al. for simulating neutrino-driven explosions in spherical symmetry. The neutrino emission of the accretion layer is approximated by a gray transport solver, while the uncertain neutrino emission of the 1. 1 M proto-NS core is parametrized by an analytic model. The free parameters connected to the core-boundary prescription are calibrated to reproduce the observables of Supernova 1987A for five di erent progenitor models. Subject headings: supernovae: general — stars: massive — hydrodynamics — neutrinos | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W4226379053 | “El Mar nos Une”: imaginarios geopolíticos y frontera marítima en el diferendo Bolivia-Chile | Este artículo propone un acercamiento a los imaginarios geopolíticos surgidos en el contexto de la demanda jurídica presentada por Bolivia en la Corte Internacional de La Haya en 2013, resuelta en 2018. Desde un análisis crítico de discurso, este trabajo intentará mostrar como el tiempo legal, el tiempo de la demanda, abre un horizonte de diferentes planos de producción de representaciones en torno al mar y su recuperación como referente para la política exterior boliviana. En términos de materiales, se trabajará con textos y registros visuales publicados tanto por instituciones oficiales (ministerio de Justicia y Transparencia Institucional, Procuraduría General del Estado, etc.), como por actores no institucionales (artistas), así como con prácticas espaciales (el “banderazo”) con el propósito de mostrar la amplia y diversa imaginación geopolítica ligada a la demanda de un “Mar para Bolivia”. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W280536481 | The influence of the lateral pharyngeal wall anatomy on snoring and sleep apnoea. | To elucidate the variations of the lateral pharyngeal wall anatomy on physical examination and to assess the clinical importance of the examination of the lateral pharyngeal wall on the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.The cross-sectional study was conducted at Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey, between May 2010 and April 2011. The patients were divided into four equal groups: Group 1--snoring without apnoea (age 20-40); Group 2--snoring without apnoea (age 40-60); Group 3--apnoea-hypopnoea index < 5/hr; Group 4: apnoea-hypopnoea index > 30/hr. Calibrated oropharynx pictures were taken. Distance between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches, height of palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches, uvula width, uvula length and distance between tonsils were measured. SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis.Of the 80 patients in the study, 44 (55%) were men. Mean distance between palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arches were 1.55 ± 0.34 cm and 2.70 ± 0.43 cm respectively. Mean height of palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arches were 0.60 ± 0.21 cm and 1.37 ± 0.36 cm respectively (p > 0.05). Mean uvula width and uvula length were 0.80 ± 0.12cm and 1.25 ± 0.27 cm respectively (p > 0.05). Mean distance between tonsils was 2.24 ± 0.56 cm (p > 0.05). Distance between palatopharyngeal arches was significantly different between groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.05).Palatopharyngeal arch anatomy was found to be significantly associated with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome severity, especially in patients with normal or small tonsil size. Patients with the palatopharyngeal arches, which narrow the oropharyngeal inlet more than the tonsils, should further be investigated with polysomnography. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
175946 | Eco-Friendly ceramic membrane bioreactor (mbr) based on recycled agricultural and industrial wastes for waste water reuse | The main objectives of the REMEB project are the implementation and validation of a low-cost ceramic membrane bioreactor (MBR) in a Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP), the study of the impact and replication of the technology for the reuse of the water in regions with water scarcity and the industrial sector, and finally, the definition of a proper business plan to start the commercialization of the technology, once the project will be finished.
The low cost recycled ceramic membranes of the project are based on residues obtained in agricultural and industrial processes (sub-products), such as olive oil solid wastes, marble working wastes and chamotte from fired scrap, in addition to the typical raw materials used in the ceramic tile industry. The project aims to achieve several specific objectives: valorization of wastes from different agricultural or industrial processes, manufacturing of an innovative product using recycled materials, validation of a new MBR with a lower initial and running costs by using low cost ceramic membranes and comparison between REMEB MBR and the MBR in operation in the WWTP selected for the validation.
Replication of both, manufacturing and validation tasks, is assured by repeating the processes in the facilities of some participants. Manufacturing membrane replicability will be performed in Turkey and Italy. The replication study of the MBR implementation in the urban and industrial wastewater sector will be performed in Colombia and nearby countries, Cyprus and nearby countries and Europe. Furthermore, evaluation of the environmental impact of product and process will be carried out by the method of LCA. Finally, a marketing and dissemination plan of the technology will be done by the entire consortium.
It is expected that this technology would be implemented massively, principally due to the low cost of REMEB MBR (3.5 times lower than a MBR of organic membranes and 2.5 times lower than a ceramic MBR). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
263441 | From the earliest modern humans to the onset of farming (45,000-4,500 BP): the role of climate, life-style, health, migration and selection in shaping European population history | The colonisation of Europe by anatomically modern humans (AMHs) ca. 45,000 years before present (BP) and the transition to farming ca. 8,000 BP are two major events in human prehistory. Both events involved certain cultural and biological adaptations, technological innovations, and behavioural plasticity which are unique to our species. The reconstruction of these processes and the causality between them has so far remained elusive due to technological, methodological and logistical complexities. Major developments in our understanding of the anthropology of the Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic, and advances in ancient DNA (aDNA) technology and chronometric methods now allow us to assess in sufficient resolution the interface between these evolutionary processes, and changes in human culture and behaviour.
The proposed research will investigate the complex interface between the morphological, genetic, behavioural, and cultural factors that shaped the population history of European AMHs. The PI s interdisciplinary expertise in these areas, his access to and experience of relevant skeletal collections, and his ongoing European collaborations will allow significant progress in addressing these fundamental questions. The approach taken will include (a) the collection of bioarchaeological, aDNA, stable isotope (for the analysis of ancient diet) and radiometric data on 500 skeletons from key sites/phases in Europe and western Anatolia, and (b) the application of existing and novel aDNA, bioarchaeological and simulation methodologies. This research will yield results that transform our current understanding of major demographic and evolutionary processes and will place Europe at the forefront of anthropological biological and genetic research. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1136/eb-2014-101794 | How to interpret meta-analysis models: Fixed effect and random effects meta-analyses | This section of the journal is aimed at providing the essential information readers should know about the topics that are addressed in the 'Statistics in practice' paper published in the same issue of the journal. This stand-alone section has to be seen as an articulated summary of the main notions clinicians have to know about some basic concepts in statistics, which may be useful for their evidence-based practice. After going through these notes, readers are encouraged to read the 'Statistics in practice' articles. Of course, we welcome any feedback from you (via email or Twitter) about this!. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2037529322 | Cultural theory as Mood Work | In staging an encounter between Sedgwick’s discussion of reparation, Spivak’s analysis of translation, and critical scholarship on mood, this essay considers how we might understand contemporary cultural theory as a form of ‘mood work’ that is at once discursive and material, textual and affective, political and aesthetic. In particular, I am interested in how thinking reparation, translation and mood together might open up different ways of conceptualising and negotiating the affective ‘double binds’ central to both critical thought and socio-political relations at the current conjuncture. As Sedgwick and Spivak each show us, I will argue, tarrying with contradiction and ambivalence is the mood work that cultural theory must continue to pursue, both in order to understand the material implications of our own emotional investments in intellectual production and to appreciate the complex ways in which power operates within the structures of feeling of late liberalism. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1586721923 | China's 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative, Energy Security and SLOC Access | In recent years, the Chinese leadership has increasingly turned its attention towards the maritime domain. This article discusses Beijing's latest attempts to secure China's maritime energy supply chain across the Indian Ocean region and the South China Sea through which the majority of its seaborne energy imports transit. As China increasingly relies on the seaborne energy trade, Beijing has come to attach more importance to the security of the sea lines of communication (SLOCs) and has a growing strategic interest in ensuring unimpeded access in these two areas. In this paper, the author discusses Beijing's efforts in the context of China's maritime power aspirations, particularly the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road initiative which is promoted by the current Chinese President, Xi Jinping. The author argues that Beijing's latest maritime agenda will be hampered by the strategic distrust and political risks China faces in the Asian region. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1145/2508859.2516748 | An Analysis Of The Emv Channel Establishment Protocol | With over 1. 6 billion debit and credit cards in use worldwide, the EMV system (a. k. a. "Chip-and-PIN") has become one of the most important deployed cryptographic protocol suites. Recently, the EMV consortium has decided to upgrade the existing RSA based system with a new system relying on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). One of the central components of the new system is a protocol that enables a card to establish a secure channel with a card reader. In this paper we provide a security analysis of the proposed protocol, we propose minor changes/clarifications to the "Request for Comments" issued in Nov 2012, and demonstrate that the resulting protocol meets the intended security goals. The structure of the protocol is one commonly encountered in practice: first run a key-exchange to establish a shared key (which performs authentication and key confirmation), only then use the channel to exchange application messages. Although common in practice, this structure takes the protocol out of the reach of most standard security models for key-exchange. Unfortunately, the only models that can cope with the above structure suffer from some drawbacks that make them unsuitable for our analysis. Our second contribution is to provide new security models for channel establishment protocols. Our models have a more inclusive syntax, are quite general, deal with a realistic notion of authentication (one-sided authentication as required by EMV), and do not suffer from the drawbacks that we identify in prior models. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/advs.201800502 | In Situ Formed Protective Barrier Enabled by Sulfur@Titanium Carbide (MXene) Ink for Achieving High-Capacity, Long Lifetime Li-S Batteries | Sulfur (S) is an attractive cathode material with advantages including high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, issues such as the lithium polysulfide shuttle effect and its insulating properties greatly limit the future applications of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Here, a viscous aqueous ink with nanoscale S uniformly decorated on the polar, metallically conductive titanium carbide MXene nanosheets (S@Ti3C2Tx) is reported to address these issues. Importantly, it is observed that the conductive Ti3C2Tx mediator efficiently chemisorbs the soluble polysulfides and converts them into thiosulfate/sulfate. The in situ formed sulfate complex layer acts as a thick protective barrier, which significantly retards the shuttling of polysulfides upon cycling and improves the sulfur utilization. Consequently, the binder-free, robust, highly electrically conductive composite film exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance, including high capacities (1244–1350 mAh g-1), excellent rate handling, and impressive cycling stability (0. 035–0. 048% capacity loss per cycle), surpassing the best MXene-S batteries known. The fabrication of a pouch cell based on the freestanding S@Ti3C2Tx film is also reported. The prototype device showcases high capacities and excellent mechanical flexibility. Considering the broad family of MXenes and their unique roles in immobilizing the polysulfides, various S@MXene composites can be similarly fabricated with promising Li+ storage capability and long lifetime performance. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
US 2005/0003463 W | INTERNET FACILITATED FIRE ALARM MONITORING, CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD | A monitoring station displaced from a plurality of regional monitoring systems communications therewith via a computer network, such as the Internet. The station can interrogate one or ore selected systems and evaluate responses therefrom. The station can dispatch detector specific messages to a selected alarm system to retrieve data therefrom or forward commands or data thereto. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1137/100793682 | Sparse Tensor Galerkin Discretization Of Parametric And Random Parabolic Pdes Analytic Regularity And Generalized Polynomial Chaos Approximation | For initial boundary value problems of linear parabolic partial differential equations with random coefficients, we show analyticity of the solution with respect to the parameters and give an a priori error analysis for $N$-term generalized polynomial chaos approximations in a scale of Bochner spaces. The problem is reduced to a parametric family of deterministic initial boundary value problems on an infinite dimensional parameter space by Galerkin projection onto finitely supported polynomial systems in the parameter space. Uniform stability with respect to the support of the resulting coupled parabolic systems is established. Analyticity of the solution with respect to the countably many parameters is established, and a regularity result of the parametric solution is proved for both compatible as well as incompatible initial data and source terms. The present results imply convergence rates and stability of sparse, adaptive space-time tensor product Galerkin discretizations of these infinite dimensional. . . | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1353/ol.2013.0023 | Innovative numerals in Malayo-Polynesian languages outside of Oceania | In this paper, we seek to draw attention to Malayo-Polynesian languages outside of the Oceanic subgroup with innovative bases and complex numerals involving various additive, subtractive, and multiplicative procedures. We highlight the fact that the number of languages showing such innovations is more than previously recognized in the literature. Finally, we observe that the concentration of complex numeral innovations in the region of eastern Indonesia suggests Papuan influence, either through contact or substrate. However, we also note that sociocultural factors, in the form of numeral taboos and conventionalized counting practices, may have played a role in driving innovations in numerals. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
224746 | Intellectual life and learning on rhodes (168bc-ad44) | ILLR is the first intellectual and cultural history of Rhodes centered on a seminal period of its cultural prominence between its
alliance with Rome (164 BC), where its financial and military power was curtailed and it became semi-autonomous, and its
incorporation into the province of Asia (AD 44) by the Emperor Claudius. Using a combination of actor-network/social
network theory and intellectual history with literary and material evidence, ILLR shows the transformation of Rhodian and
Greek identities from a predominately economic and political power to a cultural one in a Greek and subsequently Greco-
Roman world, and Rhodes’ part in the creation of the Classics and Greco-Roman culture.
ILLR demonstrates Rhodes’ pivotal and under-appreciated role as an important intersection within networks of learning, by
analysing ancient intellectual life in all its forms (e.g. philology, history, philosophy, the sociology and anthropology of
knowledge). Consisting of a monograph and two articles, it examines the preservation and study of heritage, the
development of poetry, scholarship, philosophy, and rhetoric, and their subsequent influence on Greeks and Romans.
My main research interests are Greco-Roman literary history, Greek poetry and music, ancient scholarship, and fragmentary
literary texts. ILLR will advance my career and strengthen my profile as a researcher by allowing me to expand my research
interests to Latin literature and learning, Greek epigraphy, and Greco-Roman oratory, and allow me to disseminate these
skills through teaching and further research. ILLR serves as a point of comparison, and, conceivably, of inspiration, when
dealing with analogue features of our contemporary world. These features include the mobility of students and scholars, the
formalisation and diversification of academic disciplines, languages and multilingualism, and the use of cultural heritage and
learning as means of identity and representation. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
W2903140350 | Evolutionary Virology at 40 | Abstract Geoghegan and Holmes describe the history of evolutionary ideas in the study of viruses, showing that two different approaches to studying virus evolution—the comparative and the experimental—were both established in seminal papers published in the late... RNA viruses are diverse, abundant, and rapidly evolving. Genetic data have been generated from virus populations since the late 1970s and used to understand their evolution, emergence, and spread, culminating in the generation and analysis of many thousands of viral genome sequences. Despite this wealth of data, evolutionary genetics has played a surprisingly small role in our understanding of virus evolution. Instead, studies of RNA virus evolution have been dominated by two very different perspectives, the experimental and the comparative, that have largely been conducted independently and sometimes antagonistically. Here, we review the insights that these two approaches have provided over the last 40 years. We show that experimental approaches using in vitro and in vivo laboratory models are largely focused on short-term intrahost evolutionary mechanisms, and may not always be relevant to natural systems. In contrast, the comparative approach relies on the phylogenetic analysis of natural virus populations, usually considering data collected over multiple cycles of virus–host transmission, but is divorced from the causative evolutionary processes. To truly understand RNA virus evolution it is necessary to meld experimental and comparative approaches within a single evolutionary genetic framework, and to link viral evolution at the intrahost scale with that which occurs over both epidemiological and geological timescales. We suggest that the impetus for this new synthesis may come from methodological advances in next-generation sequencing and metagenomics. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1038/s41586-018-0658-1 | The SWI/SNF complex is a mechanoregulated inhibitor of YAP and TAZ | Inactivation of ARID1A and other components of the nuclear SWI/SNF protein complex occurs at very high frequencies in a variety of human malignancies, suggesting a widespread role for the SWI/SNF complex in tumour suppression1. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that ARID1A-containing SWI/SNF complex (ARID1A–SWI/SNF) operates as an inhibitor of the pro-oncogenic transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ2. Using a combination of gain- and loss-of-function approaches in several cellular contexts, we show that YAP/TAZ are necessary to induce the effects of the inactivation of the SWI/SNF complex, such as cell proliferation, acquisition of stem cell-like traits and liver tumorigenesis. We found that YAP/TAZ form a complex with SWI/SNF; this interaction is mediated by ARID1A and is alternative to the association of YAP/TAZ with the DNA-binding platform TEAD. Cellular mechanotransduction regulates the association between ARID1A–SWI/SNF and YAP/TAZ. The inhibitory interaction of ARID1A–SWI/SNF and YAP/TAZ is predominant in cells that experience low mechanical signalling, in which loss of ARID1A rescues the association between YAP/TAZ and TEAD. At high mechanical stress, nuclear F-actin binds to ARID1A–SWI/SNF, thereby preventing the formation of the ARID1A–SWI/SNF–YAP/TAZ complex, in favour of an association between TEAD and YAP/TAZ. We propose that a dual requirement must be met to fully enable the YAP/TAZ responses: promotion of nuclear accumulation of YAP/TAZ, for example, by loss of Hippo signalling, and inhibition of ARID1A–SWI/SNF, which can occur either through genetic inactivation or because of increased cell mechanics. This study offers a molecular framework in which mechanical signals that emerge at the tissue level together with genetic lesions activate YAP/TAZ to induce cell plasticity and tumorigenesis. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1177/1745691615589103 | Eye Movements During Action Observation | An important element in social interactions is predicting the goals of others, including the goals of others’ manual actions. Over a decade ago, Flanagan and Johansson demonstrated that, when observing other people reaching for objects, the observer’s gaze arrives at the goal before the action is completed. Moreover, those authors proposed that this behavior was mediated by an embodied process, which takes advantage of the observer’s motor knowledge. Here, we scrutinize work that has followed that seminal article. We include studies on adults that have used combined eye tracking and transcranial magnetic stimulation technologies to test causal hypotheses about underlying brain circuits. We also include developmental studies on human infants. We conclude that, although several aspects of the embodied process of predictive eye movements remain to be clarified, current evidence strongly suggests that the motor system plays a causal role in guiding predictive gaze shifts that focus on another person’s future goal. The early emergence of the predictive gaze in infant development underlines its importance for social cognition and interaction. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201525702 | Large Scale Numerical Simulations Of Star Formation Put To The Test Comparing Synthetic Images And Actual Observations For Statistical Samples Of Protostars | Context. Both observations and simulations of embedded protostars have progressed rapidly in recent years. Bringing them together is an important step in advancing our knowledge about the earliest phases of star formation. Aims. To compare synthetic continuum images and spectral energy distributions (SEDs), calculated from large-scale numerical simulations, to observational studies, thereby aiding in both the interpretation of the observations and in testing the fidelity of the simulations. Methods. The adaptive mesh refinement code, RAMSES, is used to simulate the evolution of a 5 pc × 5 pc × 5 pc molecular cloud. The simulation has a maximum resolution of 8 AU, resolving simultaneously the molecular cloud on parsec scales and individual protostellar systems on AU scales. The simulation is post-processed with the radiative transfer code RADMC-3D, which is used to create synthetic continuum images and SEDs of the protostellar systems. In this way, more than 13 000 unique radiative transfer models, of a variety of different protostellar systems, are produced. Results. Over the course of 0. 76 Myr the simulation forms more than 500 protostars, primarily within two sub-clusters. The synthetic SEDs are used to calculate evolutionary tracers T bol and L smm / L bol . It is shown that, while the observed distributions of the tracers are well matched by the simulation, they generally do a poor job of tracking the protostellar ages. Disks form early in the simulation, with 40% of the Class 0 protostars being encircled by one. The flux emission from the simulated disks is found to be, on average, a factor ~6 too low relative to real observations; an issue that can be traced back to numerical effects on the smallest scales in the simulation. The simulated distribution of protostellar luminosities spans more than three order of magnitudes, similar to the observed distribution. Cores and protostars are found to be closely associated with one another, with the distance distribution between them being in excellent agreement with observations. Conclusions. The analysis and statistical comparison of synthetic observations to real ones is established as a powerful tool in the interpretation of observational results. By using a large set of post-processed protostars, which make statistical comparisons to observational surveys possible, this approach goes beyond comparing single objects to isolated models of star-forming cores. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1093/cercor/bhx074 | The Human Neural Alpha Response to Speech is a Proxy of Attentional Control | Human alpha (∼10 Hz) oscillatory power is a prominent neural marker of cognitive effort. When listeners attempt to process and retain acoustically degraded speech, alpha power enhances. It is unclear whether these alpha modulations reflect the degree of acoustic degradation per se or the degradation-driven demand to a listener's attentional control. Using an irrelevant-speech paradigm and measuring the electroencephalogram (EEG), the current experiment demonstrates that the neural alpha response to speech is a surprisingly clear proxy of top-down control, entirely driven by the listening goals of attending versus ignoring degraded speech. While (n = 23) listeners retained the serial order of 9 to-be-recalled digits, one to-be-ignored sentence was presented. Distractibility of the to-be-ignored sentence parametrically varied in acoustic detail (noise-vocoding), with more acoustic detail of distracting speech increasingly disrupting listeners' serial memory recall. Where previous studies had observed decreases in parietal and auditory alpha power with more acoustic detail (of target speech), alpha power here showed the opposite pattern and increased with more acoustic detail in the speech distractor. In sum, the neural alpha response reflects almost exclusively a listener's goal, which is decisive for whether more acoustic detail facilitates comprehension (of attended speech) or enhances distraction (of ignored speech). | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.3182/20120913-4-IT-4027.00009 | Robust and stable periodic flight of power generating kite systems in a turbulent wind flow field | Power-generating kite systems extract energy from the wind by periodically pulling a generator on the ground while flying fast in a crosswind direction. Kite systems are intrinsically unstable, and subject to atmospheric turbulences. As an alternative to closed-loop control, this paper investigates the open-loop stabilization and robustification of a kite system using techniques based on the solution of Lyapunov differential equation. A wind flow is computed as a solution to a time-dependent three dimensional Navier-Stokes equation. Open-loop stable trajectories for the power-generating kite system are computed based on the statistical properties of the wind field, and are robustified with respect to the system constraints. The stability and robustness of the resulting trajectories are assessed by simulating the system using the computed time- and space-dependent turbulent wind flow. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/nrm3293 | Sirtuins as regulators of metabolism and healthspan | Since the beginning of the century, the mammalian sirtuin protein family (comprising SIRT1-SIRT7) has received much attention for its regulatory role, mainly in metabolism and ageing. Sirtuins act in different cellular compartments: they deacetylate histones and several transcriptional regulators in the nucleus, but also specific proteins in other cellular compartments, such as in the cytoplasm and in mitochondria. As a consequence, sirtuins regulate fat and glucose metabolism in response to physiological changes in energy levels, thereby acting as crucial regulators of the network that controls energy homeostasis and as such determines healthspan. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
US 43323174 A | Remote control unit | A remote control system adapted to selectively advance one or more selector switches including a source of optical signal disposed in proximity with a first photo cell, a portable return reflector or retroreflector and means for selectively masking the reflector. The signal developed across the first photo cell is referenced against a second photo cell, such second photo cell being located away from the associated source such that only background signals impinge thereon. In a further embodiment, a plurality of first photo cells are combined with the second photo cell, each such first photo cell being selectively filtered to sense discrete signal frequencies or polarities and a plurality of return reflectors or retroreflectors, selectively filtered in correspondence to the photo cell filters, are disposed for selective exposure by associated masking means. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1128/JB.02370-14 | Genomic Proteomic And Biochemical Analysis Of The Organohalide Respiratory Pathway In Desulfitobacterium Dehalogenans | Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans is able to grow by organohalide respiration using 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl acetate (Cl-OHPA) as an electron acceptor. We used a combination of genome sequencing, biochemical analysis of redox active components, and shotgun proteomics to study elements of the organohalide respiratory electron transport chain. The genome of Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans JW/IU-DC1T consists of a single circular chromosome of 4,321,753 bp with a GC content of 44. 97%. The genome contains 4,252 genes, including six rRNA operons and six predicted reductive dehalogenases. One of the reductive dehalogenases, CprA, is encoded by a well-characterized cprTKZEBACD gene cluster. Redox active components were identified in concentrated suspensions of cells grown on formate and Cl-OHPA or formate and fumarate, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), visible spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of membrane extracts. In cell suspensions, these components were reduced upon addition of formate and oxidized after addition of Cl-OHPA, indicating involvement in organohalide respiration. Genome analysis revealed genes that likely encode the identified components of the electron transport chain from formate to fumarate or Cl-OHPA. Data presented here suggest that the first part of the electron transport chain from formate to fumarate or Cl-OHPA is shared. Electrons are channeled from an outward-facing formate dehydrogenase via menaquinones to a fumarate reductase located at the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. When Cl-OHPA is the terminal electron acceptor, electrons are transferred from menaquinones to outward-facing CprA, via an as-yet-unidentified membrane complex, and potentially an extracellular flavoprotein acting as an electron shuttle between the quinol dehydrogenase membrane complex and CprA. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.2533/chimia.2013.316 | Chemical design of nanocrystal solids | This account highlights our recent and present activities dedicated to chemical synthesis and applications of inorganic nanostructures. In particular, we discuss the potential of metal amides as precursors in the synthesis of metallic and semiconductor nanocrystals. We show the importance of surface chemical functionalization for the emergence of collective electronic properties in nanocrystal solids. We also demonstrate a new kind of long-range ordered, crystalline matter comprising colloidal nanocrystals and atomically defined inorganic clusters. Finally, we point the reader's attention to the high potential benefits of size- and shapetunability of nanocrystals for achieving higher performance of rechargeable Li-ion battery electrodes. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/ULTSYM.2013.0264 | A New Analytical Expression For Fast Calculation Of The Transient Far Field Of A Rectangular Baffled Piston | In recent years, 3D ultrasound imaging has gained clinical importance. Essential to (cardiac) volumetric ultrasound are 2D matrix array transducer technology and the associated (two-stage) beam forming. Given the large number of degrees of freedom and the complexity of this problem, simulation tools play an important role. Hereto, the impulse response (IR) method (as implemented in e. g. FieldII) is commonly used. Unfortunately, given the large element count of 2D array transducers, simulation times become significant jeopardizing the efficacy of the design process. The underlying reason for this is not only the mere element count but also an inefficient analytical expression of the IR function of an individual element itself. The aim of this study was therefore to derive a new analytical expression to speed up the calculation process. In order to compare accuracy and computation time the IR function of a point of observation, the transducer surface was calculated with the conventional method and the proposed expression implemented in MATLAB. For all points of observation, the IR calculated with the classical and the proposed expression was identical. The mean calculation time however reduced from an average of 24. 2ms per spatial position for the classical expression to 0. 853ms for the proposed expression resulting in a total speed up of 28. 03±1. 53times. The proposed IR method therefore speeds up the calculation time of the IR of an individual transducer element while remaining perfectly accurate. This new expression will be particularly relevant for 2D matrix transducer design where computation times remain currently a bottle neck in the design process. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1364/OE.26.017279 | Matrix Masking To Balance Nonuniform Illumination In Microscopy | With a perfectly uniform illumination, the amount and concentration of fluorophores in any (biological) sample can be read directly from fluorescence micrographs. However, non-uniform illumination in optical micrographs is a common, yet avoidable artefact, often caused by the setup of the microscope, or by inherent properties caused by the nature of the sample. In this paper, we demonstrate simple matrix-based methods using the common computing environments MATLAB and Python to correct nonuniform illumination, using either a background image or extracting illumination information directly from the sample image, together with subsequent image processing. We compare the processes, algorithms, and results obtained from both MATLAB (commercially available) and Python (freeware). Additionally, we validate our method by evaluating commonly used alternative approaches, demonstrating that the best nonuniform illumination correction can be achieved when a separate background image is available. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1002/rcm.8047 | New protocol for compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of archaeological bones | Rationale: For radiocarbon results to be accurate, samples must be free of contaminating carbon. Sample pre-treatment using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) approach has been developed at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU) as an alternative to conventional methods for dating heavily contaminated bones. This approach isolates hydroxyproline from bone collagen, enabling a purified bone-specific fraction to then be radiocarbon dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Methods: Using semi-preparative chromatography and non-carbon-based eluents, this technique enables the separation of underivatised amino acids liberated by hydrolysis of extracted bone collagen. A particular focus has been the isolation of hydroxyproline for single-compound AMS dating since this amino acid is one of the main contributors to the total amount of carbon in mammalian collagen. Our previous approach, involving a carbon-free aqueous mobile phase, required a two-step separation using two different chromatographic columns. Results: This paper reports significant improvements that have been recently made to the method to enable faster semi-preparative separation of hydroxyproline from bone collagen, making the method more suitable for routine radiocarbon dating of contaminated and/or poorly preserved bone samples by AMS. All steps of the procedure, from the collagen extraction to the correction of the AMS data, are described. Conclusions: The modifications to the hardware and to the method itself have reduced significantly the time required for the preparation of each sample. This makes it easier for other radiocarbon facilities to implement and use this approach as a routine method for preparing contaminated bone samples. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1007/s00526-020-1725-7 | Indecomposable sets of finite perimeter in doubling metric measure spaces | AbstractWe study a measure-theoretic notion of connectedness for sets of finite perimeter in the setting of doubling metric measure spaces supporting a weak $$(1,1)$$(1,1)-Poincaré inequality. The two main results we obtain are a decomposition theorem into indecomposable sets and a characterisation of extreme points in the space of BV functions. In both cases, the proof we propose requires an additional assumption on the space, which is called isotropicity and concerns the Hausdorff-type representation of the perimeter measure. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2810421711 | Generalized motorcycle graphs for imperfect quad-dominant meshes | We introduce a practical pipeline to create UV T-layouts for real-world quad dominant semi-regular meshes. Our algorithm creates large rectangular patches by relaxing the notion of motorcycle graphs and making it insensitive to local irregularities in the mesh structure such as non-quad elements, redundant irregular vertices, T-junctions, and others. Each surface patch, which can contain multiple singularities and/or polygonal elements, is mapped to an axis-aligned rectangle, leading to a simple and efficient UV layout, which is ideal for texture mapping (allowing for mipmapping and artifact-free bilinear interpolation). We demonstrate that our algorithm is an ideal solution for both recent semi-regular, quad-dominant meshing methods, and for the low-poly meshes typically used in games and movies. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1186/s12983-015-0111-3 | β carbonic anhydrase is required for female fertility in Drosophila melanogaster | Background: Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4. 2. 1. 1) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration reaction of carbon dioxide. CAs are present as six structurally divergent enzyme families: aα, β, γ, δ, ζ and η. β-CAs have a wide distribution across different species including invertebrates. Previously, we showed that Drosophila melanogaster β-CA is a highly active mitochondrial enzyme. In this study, we investigated the function of Drosophila β-CA by silencing the expression of the β-CA gene using UAS/GAL4-based RNA interference (RNAi) in Drosophila in vivo. Results: Crossing β-CA RNAi lines over ubiquitous Actin driver flies did not produce any viable progeny, indicating that β-CA expression is required for fly development. RNAi silencing of β-CA ubiquitously in adult flies did not affect their survival rate or function of mitochondrial electron transport chain. Importantly, β-CA RNAi led to impaired reproduction. All β-CA knockdown females were sterile, and produced few or no eggs. Whole ovaries of knockdown females looked normal but upon cadherin staining, there was an apparent functional defect in migration of border cells, which are considered essential for normal fertilization. Conclusions: These results indicate that although Drosophila β-CA is dispensable for survival of adult flies, it is essential for female fertility. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2100162019 | Reflections on Love’s Spirals | This article seeks to explore how the experience of love and its expression might inform and guide reflection and inquiry into love. Despite the importance of love in our personal and professional lives, it remains a topic that has further scope for inquiry within nursing circles. The article takes as its catalyst an encounter that emerged out of a piece of research that was exploring individuals’ experiences of becoming healers and the journey they undertook. One participant spoke deeply and profoundly of his experience of love, which generated for me a personal, experiential, and intellectual process of inquiry. The article seeks to try and create a synthesis between rational inquiry and subjective experience. It explores W. B. Yeats’s notion of a gyre, a spiral, as an image and metaphor for integrating different conceptions and understandings of love. It seeks to illustrate how a more integrated understanding of love may open up spaces of inquiry that are more flexible, creative, and spontaneous. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
218719 | Analog quantum simulation using superconducting qubits | AQSuS aims at experimentally implementing analogue quantum simulation of interacting spin models in two-dimensional geometries. The proposed experimental approach paves the way to investigate a broad range of currently inaccessible quantum phenomena, for which existing analytical and numerical methods reach their limitations. Developing precisely controlled interacting quantum systems in 2D is an important current goal well beyond the field of quantum simulation and has applications in e.g. solid state physics, computing and metrology.
To access these models, I propose to develop a novel circuit quantum-electrodynamics (cQED) platform based on the 3D transmon qubit architecture. This platform utilizes the highly engineerable properties and long coherence times of these qubits. A central novel idea behind AQSuS is to exploit the spatial dependence of the naturally occurring dipolar interactions between the qubits to engineer the desired spin-spin interactions. This approach avoids the complicated wiring, typical for other cQED experiments and reduces the complexity of the experimental setup. The scheme is therefore directly scalable to larger systems. The experimental goals are:
1) Demonstrate analogue quantum simulation of an interacting spin system in 1D & 2D.
2) Establish methods to precisely initialize the state of the system, control the interactions and readout single qubit states and multi-qubit correlations.
3) Investigate unobserved quantum phenomena on 2D geometries e.g. kagome and triangular lattices.
4) Study open system dynamics with interacting spin systems.
AQSuS builds on my backgrounds in both superconducting qubits and quantum simulation with trapped-ions. With theory collaborators my young research group and I have recently published an article in PRB [9] describing and analysing the proposed platform. The ERC starting grant would allow me to open a big new research direction and capitalize on the foundations established over the last two years. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.cattod.2014.01.011 | In situ XAS and XRF study of nanoparticle nucleation during O <inf>3</inf>-based Pt deposition | X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were combined in situ to study the ALD-based synthesis of Pt catalysts. This first time combination of synchrotron-based techniques was applied during the (methylcyclopentadienyl)trimethylplatinum/ozone deposition process executed at 150 C on a silica support. A nucleation delay indicative for nanoparticle formation was observed for Pt loadings below 1 equivalent monolayer. XAS and XRF were recorded simultaneously at different catalyst loadings in this nucleation regime. Analysis of the combined in situ data yielded a quantitative picture of the evolution of the diameter, shape, lattice packing and density of the deposited Pt clusters. Additionally, the degree of oxidation at the cluster surface after the ozone pulse could be monitored. At the early start of the deposition process, Pt adatoms cluster together to form stable nuclei. A strong increase in the density of nuclei is seen below 0. 16 equivalent monolayers, after which coalescence gradually occurs. From 0. 04 to 0. 71 equivalent monolayers, Pt clusters are fcc packed and correspond best to a hemispherical (1 1 1)-truncated cuboctahedral shape. By crosslinking the XRF and XAS data, a linear increase in cluster diameter with Pt loading is observed within this range. The surface of the Pt clusters is shown to be oxidized immediately after the ozone exposure. The degree of surface oxidation remains approximately constant for clusters with a 1-3 nm diameter. This surface oxygen is shown to be crucial for further growth during deposition. The combined application of in situ XRF and XAS thus allowed for an advanced identification of the ALD-deposited Pt nanoparticles. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
EP 17827909 A | WIRELESS POWER TRANSMITTER AND WIRELESS POWER RECEIVER, AND OPERATION METHODS THEREFOR | A method for controlling a wireless power transmitter for charging a wireless power receiver may comprise the operations of: transmitting power for charging; receiving a first PRU dynamic signal indicating completion of charging, from the wireless power receiver, applying a beacon for detecting the wireless power receiver through a load change to a resonance circuit of the wireless power transmitter; receiving, from the wireless power receiver, a first advertisement signal including information indicating that charging is not requested; and ignoring the advertisement signal and maintaining application of the beacon. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
267802 | Analysis of Multiscale Systems Driven by Functionals | Many complex phenomena in the sciences are described by nonlinear partial differential equations, the solutions of which exhibit oscillations and concentration effects on multiple temporal or spatial scales. Our aim is to use methods from applied analysis to contribute to the understanding of the interplay of effects on different scales. The central question is to determine those quantities on the microscale which are needed to for the correct description of the macroscopic evolution.
We aim to develop a mathematical framework for analyzing and modeling coupled systems with multiple scales. This will include Hamiltonian dynamics as well as different types of dissipation like gradient flows or rate-independent dynamics. The choice of models will be guided by specific applications in material modeling (e.g., thermoplasticity, pattern formation, porous media) and optoelectronics (pulse interaction, Maxwell-Bloch systems, semiconductors, quantum mechanics). The research will address mathematically fundamental issues like existence and stability of solutions but will mainly be devoted to the modeling of multiscale phenomena in evolution systems. We will focus on systems with geometric structures, where the dynamics is driven by functionals. Thus, we can go much beyond the classical theory of homogenization and singular perturbations. The novel features of our approach are
- the combination of different dynamical effects in one framework,
- the use of geometric and metric structures for coupled partial differential equations,
- the exploitation of Gamma-convergence for evolution systems driven by functionals. | [
"Mathematics",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
222436 | Pioneering sustainable substrate for accelerated quality cultivation | High fertility of land and proper water disposal in the soil are recognised as essential requirements to grow healthy plants. The agro & horticulture markets demand a cultivation base with an optimal air/water balance which can be controlled to ensure a regular growth of the roots across the soil or block. At the moment, there are numerous substrates such as coco coir, peat coir, stone wool and foam, used in the industry, in an effort to cover these needs. However, all these solutions present important issues, as substrates remain completely wet, are not safely recycled/reused and the water and air content is not equally spread into the entire growing medium. In addition, new practices like hydroponics which emerged for the purpose of controlling the water/air uptake by plants, are mostly expensive systems, not suited for all agriculture uses and require installations with high return on investment. HollandPlug International BV, is a SME founded with the sole purpose of developing, exploiting and commercialising HollandPlug. HollandPlug consists of a 100% compostable plug made of a mix of patented pioneering water storage bio-flakes sprayed with a proprietary Super Absorbent Polymer and jute to optimise the moisture/air balance for plants/flowers/seeds to grow inside. With this new substrate the customers can choose the water level of the plug depending on plants’ needs, which results in 15% higher yield production, better nutritional quality and energy reduction. Our technology reduces the fertilizers needed (35%), the water consumption (60%) compared to conventional soil based farming solutions, the dropout rate to 2% and increase life expectancy of the crop by 15%. The successful commercialization of our project will help us reach annual revenues of €34.28 million and profit of €8.57 million in 2025. With a Phase2 investment of €2.87 million, this would imply a ROI of 7.56We will also create a total 43 new job positions after five years of commercialization. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1186/s13002-015-0072-9 | Children's daily activities and knowledge acquisition: A case study among the Baka from southeastern Cameroon | Background: The acquisition of local knowledge occurs through complex interactions between individual and contextual characteristics: as context changes, so it changes the acquisition of knowledge. Contemporary small-scale societies facing rapid social-ecological change provide a unique opportunity to study the relation between social-ecological changes and the process of acquisition of local knowledge. In this work, we study children's involvement in subsistence related activities (i. e. , hunting and gathering) in a context of social-ecological change and discuss how such involvement might condition the acquisition of local knowledge during childhood. Methods: We interviewed 98 children from a hunter-gatherer society, the Baka, living in two different villages in southeastern Cameroon and assessed their involvement in daily activities. Using interviews, we collected self-reported data on the main activities performed during the previous 24h. We describe the frequency of occurrence of daily activities during middle childhood and adolescence and explore the variation in occurrence according to the sex, the age group, and the village of residency of the child. We also explore variation according to the season in which the activity is conducted and to the predicted potential of the activity for the acquisition of local knowledge. Results: Baka children and adolescents engage in subsistence-related activities (i. e. , hunting and gathering) and playing more frequently than in other activities (i. e. , traditional tales or schooling). Gender differences in children's subsistence activities emerge at an early age. Engagement in activities also varies with age, with adolescents spending more time in agricultural activities, modern leisure (i. e. , going to bars), and socializing than younger children. When conducting similar activities, adolescents use more complex techniques than younger children. Conclusion: Subsistence activities, which present a high potential for transmission of local knowledge, continue to be predominant in Baka childhood. However, Baka children also engage in other, non-traditional activities, such as modern forms of leisure, or schooling, with a low potential for the transmission of local knowledge. Baka children's involvement in non-traditional activities might have unforeseen impacts on the acquisition of local knowledge. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W2255334647 | Survival strategy: traders of smallholder teak in Indonesia | SUMMARY Teak traders face indictment for exploiting small-scale teak forest owners and acquiring excessive market shares from the sale of teak stands by taking advantage of smallholders' limited access to markets and market information. To identify the importance of traders in the smallholder teak marketing, we studied the practices of traders along the market chain, including their roles and costs directly related to teak transfer and transformation, and the strategy applied in competing for value creation. The study revealed that traders play an important role. They consistently search the marketplace to link the supply and demand, perform various sorting functions, and serve to minimise and facilitate the number of contacts in the distribution system. Applying cost leadership approach, a way to establish a low cost operation, is among the suggestions for the traders to gain sustainable competitive advantage. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1515190112 | Foxg1 localizes to mitochondria and coordinates cell differentiation and bioenergetics | Forkhead box g1 (Foxg1) is a nuclear-cytosolic transcription factor essential for the forebrain development and involved in neurodevelopmental and cancer pathologies. Despite the importance of this protein, little is known about the modalities by which it exerts such a large number of cellular functions. Here we show that a fraction of Foxg1 is localized within the mitochondria in cell lines, primary neuronal or glial cell cultures, and in the mouse cortex. Import of Foxg1 in isolated mitochondria appears to be membrane potential-dependent. Amino acids (aa) 277–302 were identified as critical for mitochondrial localization. Overexpression of full-length Foxg1 enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and promoted mitochondrial fission and mitosis. Conversely, overexpression of the C-term Foxg1 (aa 272–481), which is selectively localized in the mitochondrial matrix, enhanced organelle fusion and promoted the early phase of neuronal differentiation. These findings suggest that the different subcellular localizations of Foxg1 control the machinery that brings about cell differentiation, replication, and bioenergetics, possibly linking mitochondrial functions to embryonic development and pathological conditions. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
320666 | Understanding Halogenated Lipids: Synthesis, Mode of Action, Structural Studies, and Applications | Among the various toxins isolated, the chlorosulfolipids are particularly intriguing because of their structural and stereochemical complexity. The mechanism of biological activity remains unknown. The lack of availability of the natural products has impaired more in-depth studies aimed at pharmacological, biological, and chemical characterization for proper evaluation of the risk for human health and their role in nature. The proposal takes as its basis this unusual class of natural products and delineates a multifaceted program of inquiry involving: (1) structural characterization of the most complex chlorosulfolipid isolated to date, (2) conformational studies in solution of chlorinated lipids, (3) synthesis and study of brominated lipid analogs, (4) development of analytical methods for detection of these toxins in the environment, (5) the discovery and development of reagents and catalysts for asymmetric chlorination of olefins, (6) examination of lipid conformation in constrained media, (7) examination of the mechanism of anchimeric assistance by chlorides, and (8) applications to drug discovery. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2028793063 | [177Lu-DOTA0-Tyr3]-Octreotate Treatment in Patients with Disseminated Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: The Value of Measuring Absorbed Dose to the Kidney | Peptide receptor radiation therapy (PRRT) using [(177)Lu-DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)]-octreotate is a new, promising option for treatment of disseminated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs).During 2006-2008, 26 patients with disseminated GEPNETs were treated with (177)Lu-octreotate. Radiologic response (RECIST), biochemical response [plasma chromogranin-A (P-CgA)], hematologic toxicity [Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC)], absorbed dose to the kidneys (conjugate view method), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were analyzed.(177)Lu-octreotate (8 GBq) was given one to five times (median = 3) with a 6-week interval between each. Sixteen of the 26 patients were evaluated radiologically; 6 (38%) had partial response (PR), 8 (50%) had stable disease (SD), and 2 (13%) had progressive disease (PD). Seventeen of the 26 patients were evaluated biochemically; 6 (35%) showed a >or=30% decrease, 8 (47%) showed a >or=20% increase, and 3 (18%) showed neither a >or=30% decrease nor a >or=20% increase. The mean absorbed dose to the kidneys was 24 Gy. With a dose limit of 27 Gy to the kidneys, 10 patients did not receive the planned four treatments, while four patients had the potential to receive additional treatment. A significant reduction (p = 0.0013) of GFR was observed at follow-up. Three patients experienced CTC grade 3 hematologic toxicity.By using the absorbed dose to the kidneys as a limiting factor, treatment with (177)Lu-octreotate can be individualized, e.g., overtreatment can be avoided and patients with the potential to receive additional treatment can be identified. Further studies are needed to define tolerance doses to the kidneys so that treatment can be optimized. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/nri.2017.10 | Neutrophils as protagonists and targets in chronic inflammation | Traditionally, neutrophils have been acknowledged to be the first immune cells that are recruited to an inflamed tissue and have mainly been considered in the context of acute inflammation. By contrast, their importance during chronic inflammation has been studied in less depth. This Review aims to summarize our current understanding of the roles of neutrophils in chronic inflammation, with a focus on how they communicate with other immune and non-immune cells within tissues. We also scrutinize the roles of neutrophils in wound healing and the resolution of inflammation, and finally, we outline emerging therapeutic strategies that target neutrophils. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00089 | Studying multisensory processing and its role in the representation of space through pathological and physiological crossmodal extinction | The study of crossmodal extinction has brought a considerable contribution to our understanding of how the integration of stimuli perceived in multiple sensory modalities is used by the nervous system to build coherent representations of the space that directly surrounds us. Indeed, by revealing interferences between stimuli in a disturbed system, extinction provides an invaluable opportunity to investigate the interactions that normally exist between those stimuli in an intact system. Here, we first review studies on pathological crossmodal extinction, from the original demonstration of its existence, to its role in the exploration of the multisensory neural representation of space and the current theoretical accounts proposed to explain the mechanisms involved in extinction and multisensory competition. Then, in the second part of this paper, we report recent findings showing that physiological multisensory competition phenomena resembling clinical crossmodal extinction exist in the healthy brain. We propose that the development of a physiological model of sensory competition is fundamental to deepen our understanding of the cerebral mechanisms of multisensory perception and integration. In addition, a similar approach to develop a model of physiological sensory competition in non-human primates should allow combining functional neuroimaging with more invasive techniques, such as transient focal lesions, in order to bridge the gap between works done in the two species and at different levels of analysis. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.028 | Neuronal stretch reception – Making sense of the mechanosense | The sensation of mechanical force underlies many of our daily activities. As the sense of touch determines the quality of life, the subconscious sense of proprioception and visceral mechanosensation is indispensible for survival. Many internal organs change shape, either as an active part of their physiology or passively due to body movements. Importantly, these shape changes need to be sensed and balanced properly to prevent organ failure and dysfunction. Consequently, a failure to properly sense volume changes of internal organs has a huge clinical relevance, manifested by a plethora of congenital and age-related diseases. Here we review novel data on mammalian stretch reception as well as classical studies from insect and nematode proprioceptors with the aim to highlight the missing link between organ-level deformation and mechanosensing on the molecular level. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1083/jcb.201505056 | Optical volume and mass measurements show that mammalian cells swell during mitosis | The extent, mechanism, and function of cell volume changes during specific cellular events, such as cell migration and cell division, have been poorly studied, mostly because of a lack of adequate techniques. Here we unambiguously report that a large range of mammalian cell types display a significant increase in volume during mitosis (up to 30%). We further show that this increase in volume is tightly linked to the mitotic state of the cell and not to its spread or rounded shape and is independent of the presence of an intact actomyosin cortex. Importantly, this volume increase is not accompanied by an increase in dry mass and thus corresponds to a decrease in cell density. This mitotic swelling might have important consequences for mitotic progression: it might contribute to produce strong pushing forces, allowing mitotic cells to round up; it might also, by lowering cytoplasmic density, contribute to the large change of physicochemical properties observed in mitotic cells. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1217665110 | Synthetic microRNA-mediated downregulation of Nogo-A in transgenic rats reveals its role as regulator of synaptic plasticity and cognitive function | We have generated a transgenic rat model using RNAi and used it to study the roleofthe membrane protein Nogo-Ain synaptic plasticity and cognition. The membrane protein Nogo-A is expressed in CNS oligodendrocytes and subpopulations of neurons, and it is known to suppress neurite growth and regeneration. The constitutively expressed polymerase II-driven transgene was composed of a micro-RNA-targeting Nogo-A placed into an intron preceding the coding sequence for EGFP, thus quantitatively labeling cells according to in-tracellular microRNA expression. The transgenic microRNA in vivo efficiently reduced the concentration of Nogo-A mRNA and protein preferentially in neurons. The resulting significant increase in longterm potentiation in both hippocampus and motor cortex indicates a repressor function of Nogo-A in synaptic plasticity. The transgenic rats exhibited prominent schizophrenia-like behavioral phenotypes, such as perseveration, disrupted prepulse inhibition, and strong withdrawal from social interactions. This fast and efficient micro-RNA-mediated knockdown provides a way to silence gene expression in vivo in transgenic rats and shows a role of Nogo-A in regulating higher cognitive brain functions. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2905472009 | The Economic Case for Education in Vietnam | Education is central to the development of human capital. Vietnam has made significant progress. This paper reviews existing research on the returns to education and makes the case for investment in schooling. In Vietnam, the returns to schooling are 10 percent overall. The returns to primary and secondary education have declined over time and are lower than the regional average. The returns to secondary education are low, but not much lower than the regional average. The returns to tertiary education are high, have increased considerably, and are about 20 percent. Therefore, investing in higher education makes sense for the individual and her family. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.visres.2020.04.007 | Motor adaptation distorts visual space | It has been suggested that the human visual system exploits an adaptable metric to implement a precise but plastic spatial representation. Indeed, adapting to a dense dot-texture reduces the apparent separation of subsequently presented dots pairs. Whether this metric is purely visual or shared between senses is still unknown. Here we present a new cross-modal after-effect revealing that the metric with which the visual system computes the relative spatial position of objects is shared with the motor system. A few seconds of mid-air self-produced tapping movements (adaptation) yielded a robust compression of the apparent separation of dot pairs subsequently displayed around the tapping region. This visuo-motor spatial metric could reflect an efficient functional architecture to program and execute actions aimed at efficient interaction with the objects in the environment. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
638712 | Alzheimer's disease and Zinc: the missing link ? | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most serious diseases mankind is now facing as its social and economical impacts are increasing fastly. AD is very complex and the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide as well as metallic ions (mainly copper and zinc) have been linked to its aetiology. While the deleterious impact of Cu is widely acknowledged, intervention of Zn is certain but still needs to be figured out.
The main objective of the present proposal, which is strongly anchored in the bio-inorganic chemistry field at interface with spectroscopy and biochemistry, is to design, synthesize and study new drug candidates (ligands L) capable of (i) targeting Cu(II) bound to Aβ within the synaptic cleft, where Zn is co-localized and ultimately to develop Zn-driven Cu(II) removal from Aβ and (ii) disrupting the aberrant Cu(II)-Aβ interactions involved in ROS production and Aβ aggregation, two deleterious events in AD. The drug candidates will thus have high Cu(II) over Zn selectively to preserve the crucial physiological role of Zn in the neurotransmission process. Zn is always underestimated (if not completely neglected) in current therapeutic approaches targeting Cu(II) despite the known interference of Zn with Cu(II) binding.
To reach this objective, it is absolutely necessary to first understand the metal ions trafficking issues in presence of Aβ alone at a molecular level (i.e. without the drug candidates).This includes: (i) determination of Zn binding site to Aβ, impact on Aβ aggregation and cell toxicity, (ii) determination of the mutual influence of Zn and Cu to their coordination to Aβ, impact on Aβ aggregation, ROS production and cell toxicity.
Methods used will span from organic synthesis to studies of neuronal model cells, with a major contribution of a wide panel of spectroscopic techniques including NMR, EPR, mass spectrometry, fluorescence, UV-Vis, circular-dichroism, X-ray absorption spectroscopy... | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
3734100 | The atomic-layer 3d plotter | Micro- and nanofabrication represents important mainstream manufacturing processes across several industrial fast-growing sectors, such as MEMS & sensors, optics & photonics, RF devices, semiconductors, printed electronics, which in turn are significant building blocks in e.g. advanced healthtech, biotech, cleantech, and electronics. Yet, to improve the market stance, the micro-/nanofabrication sector is looking for solutions able to reduce costs and time spent on the prototyping and fabrication process, as well as more flexible, efficient and sustainable solutions, able to utilize a broader range of materials permitting custom-built components. While the most promising technology to address these challenges is found in the 3D printing market, there are currently no available 3D printers or technologies with the capabilities to address these challenges. To this purpose, ATL (DK) has developed the ATLANT3D Nanofabricator, a 3D nanoprinting technology with improved resolution and flexibility, while costing less 27% than the closest 3D printing competitor, and up to 92% less than conventional competitors. It will enable rapid prototyping, shorter time to market and lower barriers for companies and researchers already working in this field, as well as those for whom micro-/nanoprototyping is currently not feasible.
The overall aim of ATOPLOT project is to mature, extend capabilities and prove full functionality and benefits of the ATLANT3D Nanofabricator. ATOPLOT brings together a consortium of three SMEs (ATL, FEM, SEMPA) and two academic partners (FAU, SAS) – in unison representing a technical side specialized in nanofabrication, and a business side with experience in business development and B2B sales & marketing. The consortium expects a successful market introduction of the Nanofabricator within the next 3 years, tapping into a large business opportunity, from which the partners stand to capture more than 400M€ as profit and directly creating 165+ new jobs. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/jeb.12990 | Accounting for female space sharing in St. Kilda Soay sheep (Ovis aries) results in little change in heritability estimates | When estimating heritability in free-living populations, it is common practice to account for common environment effects, because of their potential to generate phenotypic covariance among relatives thereby biasing heritability estimates. In quantitative genetic studies of natural populations, however, philopatry, which results in relatives being clustered in space, is rarely accounted for. The two studies that have been carried out so far suggest absolute declines in heritability estimates of up to 43% when accounting for space sharing by relatives. However, due to methodological limitations these estimates may not be representative. We used data from the St. Kilda Soay sheep population to estimate heritabilities with and without accounting for space sharing for five traits for which there is evidence for additive genetic variance (birthweight, birth date, lamb August weight, and female post-mortem jaw and metacarpal length). We accounted for space sharing by related females by separately incorporating spatial autocorrelation, and a home range similarity matrix. Although these terms accounted for up to 18% of the variance in these traits, heritability estimates were only reduced by up to 7%. Our results suggest that the bias caused by not accounting for space sharing may be lower than previously thought. This suggests that philopatry does not inevitably lead to a large bias if space sharing by relatives is not accounted for. We hope our work stimulates researchers to model shared space when relatives in their study population share space, as doing so will enable us to better understand when bias may be of particular concern. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
949836 | Global Economies of Salvation. Art and the Negotiation of Sanctity in the Early Modern Period | GLOBECOSAL investigates how artworks were employed in the process of negotiating sanctity with the Roman Curia in the age of Iberian hegemony by examining the artworks produced with regard to the pioneers of Catholic blesseds and saints in the post-Tridentine ‘global’ context. As the cult of the saints was among the key conceptual battlegrounds in the conflict between the Catholic church and the Protestants, in the post-Tridentine period, saints came to fulfill spiritual, ideological and propagandistic purposes. Art history has paid heightened attention to the adherence of artworks to the models of sanctity formulated by the Tridentine church, leading to an overall neglect of competing local constructions of sanctity, a shortfall particularly momentous with regard to blesseds and saints connected in different ways to the process of European expansion, specifically to the Iberian empires.
The hypothesis under examination is that the artworks produced in relation to gaining recognition by the Church of saints first venerated in newly Christianized territories reveal an underlying negotiation of the local Catholic communities’ spiritual status within universal Catholicism. As official recognition affirmed the society which had made a saint its own, artworks related to this process served purposes of self-representation within the broader framework of social identity formation.
GLOBECOSAL traces the circulation of material objects and iconographies within and between global networks of knowledge transmission, and combines this approach with a hypothetical ‘global market of symbolic values’ developed on the basis of concepts from critical sociology. Investigating the negotiation of sanctity between Rome and geographically distant areas participates in ‘globalizing’ the history of early modern art and is qualified to challenge established perspectives on Roman Catholicism, colonialism, and the early modern world at large. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1515/bmc-2015-0028 | The dendritic cell side of the immunological synapse | Immune responses are initiated by the interactions between antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs), with responder cells, such as T cells, via a tight cellular contact interface called the immunological synapse. The immunological synapse is a highly organized subcellular structure that provides a platform for the presentation of antigen in major histocompatibility class I and II complexes (MHC class I and II) on the surface of the APC to receptors on the surface of the responder cells. In T cells, these contacts lead to highly polarized membrane trafficking that results in the local release of lytic granules and in the delivery and recycling of T cell receptors at the immunological synapse. Localized trafficking also occurs at the APC side of the immunological synapse, especially in DCs where antigen loaded in MHC class I and II is presented and cytokines are released specifically at the synapse. Whereas the molecular mechanisms underlying polarized membrane trafficking at the T cell side of the immunological synapse are increasingly well understood, these are still very unclear at the APC side. In this review, we discuss the organization of the APC side of the immunological synapse. We focus on the directional trafficking and release of membrane vesicles carrying MHC molecules and cytokines at the immunological synapses of DCs. We hypothesize that the specific delivery of MHC and the release of cytokines at the immunological synapse mechanistically resemble that of lytic granule release from T cells. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.5194/tc-11-1647-2017 | Assimilation of snow cover and snow depth into a snow model to estimate snow water equivalent and snowmelt runoff in a Himalayan catchment | Abstract. Snow is an important component of water storage in the Himalayas. Previous snowmelt studies in the Himalayas have predominantly relied on remotely sensed snow cover. However, snow cover data provide no direct information on the actual amount of water stored in a snowpack, i. e. , the snow water equivalent (SWE). Therefore, in this study remotely sensed snow cover was combined with in situ observations and a modified version of the seNorge snow model to estimate (climate sensitivity of) SWE and snowmelt runoff in the Langtang catchment in Nepal. Snow cover data from Landsat 8 and the MOD10A2 snow cover product were validated with in situ snow cover observations provided by surface temperature and snow depth measurements resulting in classification accuracies of 85. 7 and 83. 1 % respectively. Optimal model parameter values were obtained through data assimilation of MOD10A2 snow maps and snow depth measurements using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Independent validations of simulated snow depth and snow cover with observations show improvement after data assimilation compared to simulations without data assimilation. The approach of modeling snow depth in a Kalman filter framework allows for data-constrained estimation of snow depth rather than snow cover alone, and this has great potential for future studies in complex terrain, especially in the Himalayas. Climate sensitivity tests with the optimized snow model revealed that snowmelt runoff increases in winter and the early melt season (December to May) and decreases during the late melt season (June to September) as a result of the earlier onset of snowmelt due to increasing temperature. At high elevation a decrease in SWE due to higher air temperature is (partly) compensated by an increase in precipitation, which emphasizes the need for accurate predictions on the changes in the spatial distribution of precipitation along with changes in temperature. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W4223434550 | Compressive Imaging Through Optical Fiber with Partial Speckle Scanning | come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1242/jcs.124529 | Endothelial adherens junctions at a glance | Adherens junctions have an important role in the control of vascular permeability. These structures are located at cell-to-cell contacts, mediate cell adhesion and transfer intracellular signals. Adhesion is mediated by cadherins, which interact homophilically in trans and form lateral interactions in cis. VE-cadherin (also known as CDH5 and CD144) is the major component of endothelial adherens junctions and is specific to endothelial cells. Endothelial cells from different types of vessels, such as lymphatic vessels, arteries and veins, show differences in junction composition and organization. Vascular permeability is increased by modifications in the expression and function of adherens junction components. In some cases these defects might be cause of pathology. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we present the example of the socalled cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM), where adherens junctions are dismantled in the vessels contributing to brain microcirculation. This causes the loss of endothelial cell apical-basal polarity and the formation of cavernomas, which are fragile and hemorrhagic. Other diseases are accompanied by persistent alterations of vascular morphology and permeability, such as seen in tumors. It will be important to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between vascular fragility, malformations and junctional integrity in order to develop more effective therapies. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
891944 | Cracking the anterior cingulate code: toward a unified theory of acc function | Anterior cingulate cortex is one of the largest riddles in cognitive neuroscience and presents a major challenge to mental health research. ACC dysfunction contributes to a wide spectrum of psychiatric and neurological disorders but no one knows what it actually does. Although more than a thousand papers are published about it each year, attempts to identify its function have been confounded by the fact that a multiplicity of tasks and events activate ACC, as if it were involved in everything.
Recently, I proposed a theory that reconciles many of the complexities surrounding ACC. This holds that ACC selects and motivates high-level, temporally extended behaviors according to principles of hierarchical reinforcement learning. For example, on this view ACC would be responsible for initiating and sustaining a run up a steep mountain. I have instantiated this theory in two computational models that make explicit the theory's assumptions, while yielding testable predictions. In this project I will integrate the two computational models into a unified, biologically-realistic model of ACC function, which will be evaluated using mathematical techniques from non-linear dynamical systems analysis. I will then systematically test the unified model in a series of experiments involving functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography and psychopharmacology, in both healthy human subjects and patients.
The establishment of a complete, formal account of ACC will fill an important gap in the cognitive neuroscience of cognitive control and decision making, strongly impact clinical practice, and be important for artificial intelligence and robotics research, which draws inspiration from brain-based mechanisms for cognitive control. The computational modelling work will also link high level, abstract processes associated with hierarchical reinforcement learning with low level cellular mechanisms, enabling the theory to be tested in animal models. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
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