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W2256661575 | SOLAR COSMIC-RAY INTERACTION WITH PROTOPLANETARY DISKS: PRODUCTION OF SHORT-LIVED RADIONUCLIDES AND AMORPHIZATION OF CRYSTALLINE MATERIAL | Solar cosmic-ray (SCR) interactions with a protoplanetary disk have been invoked to explain several observations of primitive planetary materials. In our own Solar System, the presence of short-lived radionuclides (SLRs) in the oldest materials has been attributed to spallation reactions induced in phases that were irradiated by energetic particles in the solar nebula. Furthermore, observations of other protoplanetary disks show a mixture of crystalline and amorphous grains, though no correlation between grain crystallinity and disk or stellar properties have been identified. As most models for the origin of crystalline grains would predict such correlations, it was suggested that amorphization by stellar cosmic-rays may be masking or erasing such correlations. Here we quantitatively investigate these possibilities by modeling the interaction of energetic particles emitted by a young star with the surrounding protoplanetary disk. We do this by tracing the energy evolution of SCRs emitted from the young star through the disk and model the amount of time that dust grains would spend in regions where they would be exposed to these particles. We find that this irradiation scenario cannot explain the total SLR content of the solar nebula; however, this scenario could play a role in the amorphization of crystalline material at different locations or epochs of the disk over the course of its evolution. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/s41592-018-0052-9 | Fast reversibly photoswitching red fluorescent proteins for live-cell RESOLFT nanoscopy | Reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent proteins (rsFPs) are gaining popularity as tags for optical nanoscopy because they make it possible to image with lower light doses. However, green rsFPs need violet-blue light for photoswitching, which is potentially phototoxic and highly scattering. We developed new rsFPs based on FusionRed that are reversibly photoswitchable with green-orange light. The rsFusionReds are bright and exhibit rapid photoswitching, thereby enabling nanoscale imaging of living cells. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
US 2011/0033802 W | TRANSSEPTAL ACCESS DEVICE AND METHOD OF USE | Systems, devices, and methods are provided for transseptal access of septa within a patient. The device can be advanced to a septum, e.g., towards a fossa ovalis. Instead of applying positive pressure to "tent" the septum, a negative pressure is applied to a lumen within a sheath, e.g., within an elongated member slidable within the sheath, via a negative pressure source such as a syringe on the proximal end of the sheath. This results in the septum pulling inward. The sheath employs a stationary needle-like central core component contained within the lumen of the sheath that punctures the septum when the same is pulled passed it by the negative pressure. The stationary needle-like central core component may be hollow and may form a portion of the elongated member or may be coupled to a distal end thereof. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.12.080 | Electrochemical capacitor with water-based electrolyte operating at wide temperature range | In this paper we report on the electrochemical performance of the symmetric carbon/carbon electrochemical capacitor with water-based electrolyte, operating at the temperatures down to −40 °C. The electrolyte solution consists of inorganic salt based on the NO3− anion and Mg2+ as a divalent cation, dissolved in the mixture of water and organic solvent. The electrochemical performance has been verified at slightly elevated (up to +40 °C) and low temperatures (down to −40 °C) by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. In the liquid electrolyte range (down to −23 °C) the capacitance values did not differ remarkably along the temperature (ca. 100 F g−1 per electrode); at the temperature of −40 °C (i. e. below the freezing point), the capacitance value was still retained at more than 50% of initial value. Moreover, stable performance of the capacitor at +40 °C and the voltage of 1. 4 V has been proven by 60 h of floating test and galvanostatic cycling with no remarkable performance fade (10% of capacitance drop after 15 000 galvanostatic cycles at 1 A g−1 current load). | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
313590 | Health Resilience and Economic Shocks: Analysis of Quasi-Natural Experiments Using Multi-Level Modelling | One of the greatest contemporary challenges for the social sciences is to understand the human costs of the ongoing financial, economic, and debt crises that began to emerge in Europe in 2007. While much attention has focused on the economic dimensions of recessions in Europe, very little work is being done to analyse the consequences of these events for health and well-being. There are widespread concerns that losses of housing, jobs, and income will have damaging effects on public health. Curiously, however, a growing body of social science research suggests that economic recessions may reduce death rates at a population level, such as by lowering the number of road-traffic injuries, alcohol-related deaths and hospital admissions. Hence, although there is universal agreement that economic shocks will affect health, there is considerable confusion about what the direction of this relationship is. This project aims to understand two interrelated questions: How will the recent economic downturns affect health in Europe? What can be done to mitigate potential negative consequences for health from these economic shocks? To answer these questions, the proposed research will draw on a secondary analysis of longitudinal household datasets and country-level economic and health data to estimate how job loss, poverty, debt, and housing foreclosures affect health. Then, drawing on a conceptual model of ‘resilience’, the project will seek to understand why certain groups have experienced better or worse health outcomes than others in the context of recession. These studies will extend the authors’ initial case studies of mortality in Europe revealing a rapid increase in suicide rates, albeit with marked variations across countries, linked to the financial crises of 2007. The research will have important implications for policymakers seeking to protect health from ongoing economic risks and budget cuts, especially as recovery is projected to evolve slowly over the next decade. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
171116 | The application of advanced raman spectroscopies to the quantitative analysis of industrial chromatography columns | Dr. Kevin Buckley (KB) was awarded his PhD from University College London (UCL) in 2011. At UCL he had worked to develop Raman spectroscopy as a tool for bone-disease diagnosis and he subsequently took a position as a Laser Spectroscopy Scientist, at the Rutherford Appleton Lab (RAL) in Oxfordshire, England, to continue this work. After leaving RAL, KB moved to the University of British Columbia (UBC) in Vancouver, Canada. At UBC he worked to develop a Raman spectroscopy-based instrument for detecting chemical changes in (donated) human red blood cells as they age in plastic blood-bags. He has recently (Aug 2015) returned to his home country of Ireland and the primary aim of the proposed Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship is to reintegrate him with the research community there. The primary scientific objectives of the fellowship to develop novel analytical methods based on Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) for applications in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. It is proposed that this interdisciplinary research take place under the supervision of Dr. Alan Ryder (AR) in the Nanoscale Biophotonics Lab (NBL) at the National University of Ireland, Galway. The combination of KB’s SORS expertise with AR’s biopharma expertise has the potential to deliver innovative science; KB is one of the few researchers in the world who has years of experience with SORS of complex materials (he trained under the inventor of SORS, Prof. P. Matousek FRSC, at RAL) and AR is an international leader in the development of quantitative analytical methods for biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes. In addition to scientific objectives, the fellowship programme has been designed to develop KB’s career and enhance his ability as a scientist. He will be provided with opportunities to develop academic teaching skills and will prepare a specific career development strategy. AR will also mentor KB as he prepares post-fellowship grant proposals and begins his independent academic career. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1186/1742-4682-11-3 | Metapopulation Epidemic Models With Heterogeneous Mixing And Travel Behaviour | Background: Determining the pandemic potential of an emerging infectious disease and how it depends on the various epidemic and population aspects is critical for the preparation of an adequate response aimed at its control. The complex interplay between population movements in space and non-homogeneous mixing patterns have so far hindered the fundamental understanding of the conditions for spatial invasion through a general theoretical framework. To address this issue, we present an analytical modelling approach taking into account such interplay under general conditions of mobility and interactions, in the simplifying assumption of two population classes. Methods: We describe a spatially structured population with non-homogeneous mixing and travel behaviour through a multi-host stochastic epidemic metapopulation model. Different population partitions, mixing patterns and mobility structures are considered, along with a specific application for the study of the role of age partition in the early spread of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza. Results: We provide a complete mathematical formulation of the model and derive a semi-analytical expression of the threshold condition for global invasion of an emerging infectious disease in the metapopulation system. A rich solution space is found that depends on the social partition of the population, the pattern of contacts across groups and their relative social activity, the travel attitude of each class, and the topological and traffic features of the mobility network. Reducing the activity of the less social group and reducing the cross-group mixing are predicted to be the most efficient strategies for controlling the pandemic potential in the case the less active group constitutes the majority of travellers. If instead traveling is dominated by the more social class, our model predicts the existence of an optimal across-groups mixing that maximises the pandemic potential of the disease, whereas the impact of variations in the activity of each group is less important. Conclusions: The proposed modelling approach introduces a theoretical framework for the study of infectious diseases spread in a population with two layers of heterogeneity relevant for the local transmission and the spatial propagation of the disease. It can be used for pandemic preparedness studies to identify adequate interventions and quantitatively estimate the corresponding required effort, as well as in an emerging epidemic situation to assess the pandemic potential of the pathogen from population and early outbreak data. | [
"Mathematics",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
W1996547208 | Dynamic RFI measurement systems on a ROACH-2 platform ICEAA-IEEE APWC-EMS | We describe developments in a radio frequency interference (RFI) detection instrument dubbed RATTY 2. With uncertain RFI environments in mind, the system is hardware and software reconfigurable, functioning either as a spectrometer or a transient-signal analyser. RATTY 2 is equipped with a 900 MHz bandwidth, 10-bit, non-interleaved analogue-digital converter (ADC) and the data is processed on a Reconfigurable Open Architecture Computer Hardware 2 (ROACH) platform. A computer is used for post-processing dynamically-stored data. Two different strategies were followed in designing the RF front-end systems for signal conditioning prior to digitisation: 1) a single mixer, down-converting topology, and 2) a multiple Nyquist-zone sampling configuration. The two systems are evaluated and compared in this paper. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/C3TC30771A | Localized Intermolecular Electronic Coupling In Two Dimensional Self Assembled 3 4 9 10 Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide Nanoarchitectures | Tailoring the structural and electronic properties of perylene diimide derivative films is essential for developing next generation organic photovoltaic devices. Here we show that 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) molecules self-assemble into a new two-dimensional structure after annealing. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) reveals strong localized inter-molecular electronic coupling at room temperature when molecules are arranged in a side-by-side packing. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1002/num.22140 | Unconditional convergence and error estimates for bounded numerical solutions of the barotropic Navier–Stokes system | We consider a mixed finite-volume finite-element method applied to the Navier–Stokes system of equations describing the motion of a compressible, barotropic, viscous fluid. We show convergence as well as error estimates for the family of numerical solutions on condition that: (a) the underlying physical domain as well as the data are smooth; (b) the time step ∆t and the parameter h of the spatial discretization are proportional, ∆t, ht and (c) the family of numerical densities remains bounded for ∆t=1. No a priori smoothness is required for the limit (exact) solution. | [
"Mathematics",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W1972731292 | Marketing ‘Brand China’: Maintaining the Momentum – ‘The Middle Kingdom’ Resurgent and Resplendent | The multiplicity of manoeuvres that characterise modern China's geopolitical ascendancy and ambition illustrate political ingenuity used calculatedly with the clear intention of becoming invulnerable. Past recent humiliations are not to reoccur. In addition, ‘The Middle Kingdom’ is to be reincarnated: invincible imperialism pursued. The strategic plurality employed in complex compositional patterns is both imperial and historic in nature: the past is to be projected into the present and the future. The once ‘Great Game’ is now ‘The Great East Asia Game’! In the light of the Guangzhou Asian Games Triumphalism, there could be a ‘double entendre’ employed here of sizable significance. This essay considers the possibility. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-11936-6_21 | Symmetry Reduction In Infinite Games With Finite Branching | Symmetry reductions have been applied extensively for the verification of finite-state concurrent systems and hardware designs using model-checking of temporal logics such as LTL, CTL and CTLs, as well as real-time and probabilistic-system model-checking. In this paper we extend the technique to handle infinite-state games on graphs with finite branching where the objectives of the players can be very general. As particular applications, it is shown that the technique can be applied to reduce the state space in parity games as well as when doing model-checking of the temporal logic ATLs. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1911910655 | Special Section: Developing Frameworks for the Protection of Trafficked Persons | In the second decade after the creation of the anti-trafficking framework – which includes the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2000) – one fact is clear. The problem of human trafficking has not been eradicated and whilst policy-makers are still testing policy responses, reliable research and data on human trafficking is needed. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) explains that although 90 per cent of countries have introduced legislation criminalizing human trafficking since the Trafficking Protocol entered into force, the number of convictions globally has remained extremely low (UNODC Global Report, 2014, Preface, 1). In the same report it is asserted that “without robust criminal justice responses, human trafficking will remain a low-risk, high-profit activity for criminals”. Further the UNODC has released a series of Issue Papers on key aspects of the definition of trafficking in persons under the Trafficking Protocol which illustrate that different approaches to this crucial definition exist in various jurisdictions. The European Commission by contrast has adopted Directive 2011/36/EU on “Preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims”. The EU has a “comprehensive, integrated approach that focuses on human rights and on the victims of trafficking” (EU Strategy 2012-2016, 3), whilst at the same time recognizing the criminal justice context. The EU system encompasses two avenues for protection of trafficked persons; first the “trafficked victim” provisions for assistance and support laid down in Directive 2011/36/EU and secondly, the “international protection” route as asylum seeker or beneficiary of subsidiary protection provided by the EU Qualification Directive 2011 (Directive 2011/95/EU on “Standards for the qualification of third country nationals . . . as beneficiaries of international protection . . .”). Nevertheless, an evaluation of the success of the measures adopted in the EU, recognizes their practical limitations and effectiveness, especially in terms of data and identification of trafficked persons, see the European Migration Network Study (European Commission, EMN Study, 2014). This short collection contains articles from both researchers and the policy perspective, and from different countries and regions to assist in filling the gaps in understanding of the problem of human trafficking. It deals with the common issue of how to devise responses to the crime of human trafficking which protect trafficked persons from exploitation whilst at the same time responding to the broader objectives of the Trafficking Protocol. The collection includes articles on Mexico, Vietnam, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, as well as from the Thailand-Burma border. It covers issues relating to trafficked children and persons trafficked for labour and sexual exploitation. It critically examines key requirements for devising a holistic response to human trafficking, which includes protection of trafficked persons. In 2012 the EU launched the EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings 2012-2016 (EU Strategy 2012-2016). It calls for Member States to adopt inter alia: | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
171730 | Improved decision-making in contaminated land site investigation and risk assessment | The REMEDIATE ETN comprises 10 beneficiaries (from 5 EU Member States – the UK, Ireland, Germany, Denmark, and Italy) and 15 partner organisations. The beneficiaries and partner organisations are committed to the provision of innovative research and training for more cost effective and sustainable remediation of contaminated land. It is a multidisciplinary collaboration between internationally renowned research teams (from both the academic and non-academic sectors) each with complementary expertise in a wide range of site investigation and risk assessment technologies. 14 Early Stage Researchers (ESRs) will be recruited into the network and will participate in a structured and integrated research and training programme that will provide them with a highly specific blend of personalised technical and transferable skills. Each research project is designed to benefit the contaminated land sector through development of techniques and tools across a range of disciplines relating to site investigation and risk assessment, to provide better informed solutions for remediation. The unique provision of joint supervision (from both the academic and non-academic sectors) and non-academic mentoring will significantly enhance the fellows’ career prospects within the contaminated land sector. The REMEDIATE ETN will strengthen and enhance existing collaborations between the participating beneficiaries and partner organisations resulting in a cohesive and dynamic network. The output will be a new generation of highly mobile, creative and innovative entrepreneurs with the skills sets necessary to address the technical, economic and social challenges facing the contaminated land sector in Europe, both now and in the future. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
US 0333505 W | PROCESS AND COMPOSITION FOR PRODUCING SELF-CLEANING SURFACES FROM AQUEOUS SYSTEMS | A process and a composition are disclosed for producing surfaces that are self-cleaning by water, and in particular, there is disclosed an aqueous system for forming transparent self-cleaning surfaces. In the process, an aqueous mixture comprising (i) nanoparticles having a particle size of less than 300 nanometers and (ii) a surface modifier selected from the group consisting of water-soluble hydrophobic surface modifiers and water-dispersable hydrophobic surface modifiers capable of forming a continuous film from an aqueous solution is provided. The aqueous mixture is applied to a surface, and a self-cleaning transparent coating is formed on the surface upon water evaporation. In one embodiment, the aqueous mixture is essentially free of organic solvents other than coalescing solvents. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
2721451 | Ifact - iodine fed advanced cusp field thruster | Since several years, the industrialisation of the satellite market has been accelerated. In particular, the market for telecom satellites has changed significantly, because of several new players and numerous plans for satellite constellations, such as OneWeb or Starlink.
In order to increase competitiveness and to disrupt the electric propulsion market, we are proposing the development of the iodine Fed Advanced Cusp field Thruster (iFACT).
iFACT consists of an Advanced Cusp Field Thruster (ACFT), a simple PPU, a thermionic Emitter, a novel propellant feeding architecture, which is optimised for iodine. The ACFT has been invented by Airbus in 2017. Due to its simplicity, paired with efficiency, the fact that it is easy to ignite and its excellent performance data with iodine, it is tailored as key element for an extremely simple, efficient and low cost Electric Propulsion Subsystem (EPS). The baseline thruster (300 W input power) can be used with a simple thermionic cathode. The simple operation of the ACFT enables a reduced (wrt. number of parts and control circuits) but efficient PPU. This components are paired with an unique iodine feeding architecture which is capable to disrupt the electric propulsion market.
Based on this, the proposal will focus on:
- Iodine as disruptive propellant for electric thruster,
- maturation of the Advanced Cusp Field Thruster (ACFT) as disruptive thruster principle, in three different power classes,
- development of an novel, disruptive, extremly simplified low cost Power Processing Unit (PPU),
- use of calcium aluminate (C12A7) as disruptive, low-work function emitter material for cathodes,
- development of an European Iodine compatible long firing test facility. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1097/MCO.0000000000000353 | Resolving Inflammation By Using Nutrition Therapy Roles For Specialized Proresolving Mediators | This work was supported by funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research (No 677542) and a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society (grant 107613/Z/15/Z both to JD). L. V. N is supported by a Career Development Fellowship 19909 funded by Arthritis Research UK | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1002/14651858 | Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children | Background Prior to introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), Streptococcus pneumoniae was most commonly isolated from middle ear fluid of children with acute otitis media (AOM). Reducing nasopharyngeal colonisation of this bacterium by PCVsmay lead to a decline in AOM. The effects of PCVs deserve ongoing monitoring since studies from the post-PCV era report a shift in causative otopathogens towards non-vaccine serotypes and other bacteria. This updated Cochrane Review was first published in 2002 and updated in 2004, 2009, and 2014. The review title was changed (to include the population, i. e. children) for this update. Objectives To assess the effect of PCVs in preventing AOM in children up to 12 years of age. Search methods We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS,Web of Science, and trials registers (ClinicalTrials. gov and WHO ICTRP) to 29 March 2019. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials of PCV versus placebo or control vaccine. Data collection and analysis We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. The primary outcomes were frequency of all-cause AOMand adverse effects. Secondary outcomes included frequency of pneumococcal AOMand frequency of recurrent AOM(defined as three or more AOM episodes in six months or four or more in one year). We used GRADE to assess the quality of the evidence. Main results We included 14 publications of 11 trials (60,733 children, range 74 to 37,868 per trial) of 7- to 11-valent PCVs versus control vaccines (meningococcus type C vaccine in three trials, and hepatitis A or B vaccine in eight trials). We included two additional trials for this update. We did not find any relevant trials with the newer 13-valent PCV. Most studies were funded by pharmaceutical companies. Overall, risk of bias was low. In seven trials (59,415 children) PCVs were administered in early infancy, while four trials (1318 children) included children aged one year and over who were either healthy or had a history of respiratory illness. There was considerable clinical heterogeneity across studies, therefore we did not perform meta-analyses. Adverse events Nine trials reported on adverse effects (77,389 children; high-quality evidence). Mild local reactions and fever were common in both groups, and occurred more frequently in PCV than in control vaccine groups: redness (< 2. 5 cm): 5% to 20% versus 0% to 16%; swelling (< 2. 5 cm): 5% to 12% versus 0% to 8%; and fever (< 39 °C): 15% to 44% versus 8% to 25%. More severe redness (> 2. 5 cm), swelling (> 2. 5 cm), and fever (> 39 °C) occurred less frequently (0% to 0. 9%, 0. 1% to 1. 3%, and 0. 4% to 2. 5%, respectively in children receiving PCV) and did not differ significantly between PCV and control vaccine groups. Pain or tenderness, or both was reported more frequently in PCV than in control vaccine groups: 3% to 38% versus 0% to 8%. Serious adverse events judged causally related to vaccination were rare and did not differ significantly between groups, and no fatal serious adverse event judged causally related to vaccination was reported. PCV administered in early infancy PCV7 The effect of a licenced 7-valent PCV with CRM197 as carrier protein (CRM197-PCV7) on all-cause AOM varied from -5% (95% confidence interval (CI) -25% to 12%) relative risk reduction (RRR) in high-risk infants (1 trial; 944 children; moderate-quality evidence) to 6% (95% CI -4% to 16%; 1 trial; 1662 children) and 6% (95% CI 4% to 9%; 1 trial; 37,868 children) RRR in lowrisk infants (high-quality evidence). PCV7 with the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B as carrier protein (OMPC-PCV7), was not associated with a reduction in all-cause AOM (RRR -1%, 95% CI -12% to 10%; 1 trial; 1666 children; high-quality evidence). CRM197-PCV7 and OMPC-PCV7 were associated with 20% (95% CI 7% to 31%) and 25% (95% CI 11% to 37%) RRR in pneumococcal AOM, respectively (2 trials; 3328 children; high-quality evidence) and CRM197-PCV7 with 9% (95% CI -12% to 27%) to 10% (95% CI 7% to 13%) RRR in recurrent AOM (2 trials; 39,530 ldren; high-quality evidence). PHiD-CV10/11 The effect of a licenced 10-valent PCV conjugated to protein D, a surface lipoprotein of Haemophilus influenzae, (PHiD-CV10) on all-cause AOM varied from 6% (95% CI -6% to 17%; 1 trial; 5095 children) to 15% (95% CI -1% to 28%; 1 trial; 7359 children) RRR in healthy infants (moderate-quality evidence). PHiD-CV11 was associated with 34% (95% CI 21% to 44%) RRR in all-cause AOM (1 trial; 4968 children; high-quality evidence). PHiD-CV10 and PHiD-CV11were associatedwith 53%(95%CI 16%to 74%) and 52%(95%CI 37%to 63%)RRRin pneumococcal AOM (2 trials; 12,327 children; high-quality evidence) and PHiD-CV11 with 56% (95% CI -2% to 80%) RRR in recurrent AOM (1 trial; 4968 children; moderate-quality evidence). PCV administered at later age PCV7 We found no evidence of a beneficial effect on all-cause AOM of administering CRM197-PCV7 in children aged 1 to 7 years with a history of respiratory illness or frequent AOM (2 trials; 457 children; high-quality evidence) and CRM197-PCV7 combined with a trivalent influenza vaccine in children aged 18 to 72 months with a history of respiratory tract infections (1 trial; 597 children; highquality evidence). CRM197-PCV9 In 1 trial including 264 healthy day-care attendees aged 1 to 3 years, CRM197-PCV9 was associated with 17% (95% CI -2% to 33%) RRR in parent-reported all-cause OM (low-quality evidence). Administration of the licenced CRM197-PCV7 and PHiD-CV10 during early infancy is associated with large relative risk reductions in pneumococcal AOM. However, the effects of these vaccines on all-cause AOM is far more uncertain. We found no evidence of a beneficial effect on all-cause AOMof administering PCVs in high-risk infants, after early infancy (i. e. in children one year and above), and in older children with a history of respiratory illness. Compared to control vaccines, PCVs were associated with an increase in mild local reactions (redness, swelling), fever, and pain and/or tenderness. We found no evidence of a difference in more severe local reactions, fever, or serious adverse events judged causally related to vaccination. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/s10909-013-1030-3 | Scintillating bolometers for rare events searches: The LUCIFER experiment | The main goal of LUCIFER is the study of the neutrino-less double beta decay, a rare process that, if detected, could demonstrate the Majorana nature of neutrino and set the absolute mass of this particle. Dealing with rare decays, one of the most critical issues of the experiment is the background reduction. This requirement will be satisfied by LUCIFER thanks to the use of Zn 82Se scintillating bolometers: the simultaneous read-out of heat and light emitted by the interactions in the detector will allow to reject most of the spurious events, providing a background of 10-3 counts/keV/kg/year at the transition energy of 82Se (2,997 keV). The detector will be made by tens of ∼0. 5 kg ZnSe crystals and Ge light detectors operated as bolometers at 10 mK. We present the results obtained with a single detector module in terms of energy resolution, radio-purity and background rejection capability. In addition, we discuss the feasibility of dark matter searches in the framework of the LUCIFER experiment. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.rssm.2021.100581 | The gender-race intersection and the ‘sheltering-effect’ of public-sector employment | Seeking to understand the role played by labor market structure in affecting economic inequality, we examine the extent to which the public sector, as compared to the private sector, differentially employs and rewards women, Blacks and subgroups classified by race and gender (e. g. , Black women, Black men). Analyzing data from the American Community Survey (2014–2015), we find that public-sector employment is more attractive for Blacks than for women; Blacks’ odds of becoming public-sector employees are much higher than those of Whites, regardless of gender. No evidence was found for the argument that gender interacts with race in affecting the tendency to work in the public sector. As for wages, despite recent trends pointing to a decline in the advantages of the public sector for Blacks, it is still found to be more protective of Blacks, men and women alike. The meaning of the findings and their implications are discussed in light of structural barriers of gender and race inequality. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.127204 | Large zero-field cooled exchange-bias in bulk Mn<inf>2</inf>PtGa | We report a large exchange-bias effect after zero-field cooling the new tetragonal Heusler compound Mn2PtGa from the paramagnetic state. The first-principles calculation and the magnetic measurements reveal that Mn 2PtGa orders ferrimagnetically with some ferromagnetic inclusions. We show that ferrimagnetic ordering is essential to isothermally induce the exchange anisotropy needed for the zero-field cooled exchange bias during the virgin magnetization process. The complex magnetic behavior at low temperatures is characterized by the coexistence of a field-induced irreversible magnetic behavior and a spin-glass-like phase. The field-induced irreversibility originates from an unusual first-order ferrimagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition, whereas the spin-glass-like state forms due to the existence of antisite disorder intrinsic to the material. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1093/mnras/stz2988 | Combining high-z galaxy luminosity functions with Bayesian evidence | Abstract
Galaxy formation during the first billion years of our Universe remains a challenging problem at the forefront of astrophysical cosmology. Although these $z\,\,{\gtrsim}\,\,6$ galaxies are likely responsible for the last major phase change of our Universe, the epoch of reionization (EoR), detailed studies are possible only for relatively rare, bright objects. Characterizing the fainter galaxies which are more representative of the population as a whole is currently done mainly through their non-ionizing UV luminosity function (LF). Observing the faint end of the UV LFs is nevertheless challenging, and current estimates can differ by orders of magnitude. Here we propose a methodology to combine disparate high-z UV LF estimates in a Bayesian framework: Bayesian Data-analysis Averaging (BDA). Using a flexible, physically-motivated galaxy model, we compute the relative evidence of various z = 6 UV LFs within the magnitude range −20 ≤ MUV ≤ −15 which is common to the data sets. Our model, based primarily on power-law scalings of the halo mass function, naturally penalizes systematically jagged points as well as misestimated errors. We then use the relative evidence to weigh the posteriors obtained from disparate LF data sets during the EoR, 6 ≤ z ≤ 10. The resulting LF posteriors suggest that the star formation rate density (SFRD) integrated down to a UV magnitude of -17 represent $60. 9^{+11. 3}_{-9. 6}\%$ / $28. 2^{+9. 3}_{-10. 1}\%$ / $5. 7^{+4. 5}_{-4. 7}\%$ of the total SFRD at redshifts 6 / 10 / 15. The BDA framework we introduce enables galaxy models to leverage multiple, analogous LF estimates when constraining their free parameters. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
174612 | Reflexive clitics in aromanian | Reflexive clitics and their role in the argument structure of verbal predicates have posed significant questions for Romance and other languages. This project aims to further investigate the morpho-syntax of reflexive/SE-clitics in Romance and its consequences for argument structure, by studying SE-structures in a cluster of Aromanian varieties spoken in North-Western Greece. Aromanian is a highly endangered and heavily understudied Eastern Romance variety which is closely related to Romanian, Megleno-Romanian, and Istro-Romanian, but which has also been in close contact with Greek. Aromanian has SE-clitics which behave differently from SE-clitics in other Romance languages (including Romanian) in significant ways. One of the aims of this project is to compare the Aromanian SE-structures to those reported for Eastern Romance (with an emphasis on Daco-Romance), and Romance more generally, and to identify the grammatical features responsible for such variation. This project involves extensive fieldwork on a fairly uncharted dialect, based on solid theoretical assumptions, and it differs from previous research in that it follows a micro-parametric approach to dialectal syntax within a small set of closely related varieties. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
W2150146437 | The king cobra genome reveals dynamic gene evolution and adaptation in the snake venom system | Significance Snake venoms are toxic protein cocktails used for prey capture. To investigate the evolution of these complex biological weapon systems, we sequenced the genome of a venomous snake, the king cobra, and assessed the composition of venom gland expressed genes, small RNAs, and secreted venom proteins. We show that regulatory components of the venom secretory system may have evolved from a pancreatic origin and that venom toxin genes were co-opted by distinct genomic mechanisms. After co-option, toxin genes important for prey capture have massively expanded by gene duplication and evolved under positive selection, resulting in protein neofunctionalization. This diverse and dramatic venom-related genomic response seemingly occurs in response to a coevolutionary arms race between venomous snakes and their prey. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1007/s10519-015-9723-9 | Heritability, SNP- and Gene-Based Analyses of Cannabis Use Initiation and Age at Onset | Prior searches for genetic variants (GVs) implicated in initiation of cannabis use have been limited to common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) typed in HapMap samples. Denser SNPs are now available with the completion of the 1000 Genomes and the Genome of the Netherlands projects. More densely distributed SNPs are expected to track the causal variants better. Therefore we extend the search for variants implicated in early stages of cannabis use to previously untagged common and low-frequency variants. We run heritability, SNP and gene-based analyses of initiation and age at onset. This is the first genome-wide study of age at onset to date. Using GCTA and a sample of distantly related individuals from the Netherlands Twin Register, we estimated that the currently measured (and tagged) SNPs collectively explain 25 % of the variance in initiation (SE = 0. 088; P = 0. 0016). Chromosomes 4 and 18, previously linked with cannabis use and other addiction phenotypes, account for the largest amount of variance in initiation (6. 8 %, SE = 0. 025, P = 0. 002 and 3. 6 %, SE = 0. 01, P = 0. 012, respectively). No individual SNP- or gene-based test reached genomewide significance in the initiation or age at onset analyses. Our study detected association signal in the currently measured SNPs. A comparison with prior SNP-heritability estimates suggests that at least part of the signal is likely coming from previously untyped common and low frequency variants. Our results do not rule out the contribution of rare variants of larger effect—a plausible source of the difference between the twin-based heritability estimate and that from GCTA. The causal variants are likely of very small effect (i. e. , <1 % explained variance) and are uniformly distributed over the genome in proportion to chromosomes’ length. Similar to other complex traits and diseases, detecting such small effects is to be expected in sufficiently large samples. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1109/APEC.2016.7468134 | Grid Voltage Feedforward Active Damping For Grid Connected Inverter With Lcl Filter | For the grid-connected voltage source inverters, the feedforward scheme of grid voltage is commonly adopted to mitigate the current distortion caused by grid background voltages harmonics. This paper investigates the grid-voltage-feedforward active damping for grid connected inverter with LCL filter. It reveals that proportional feedforward control can not only fulfill the mitigation of grid disturbance, but also offer damping effects on the LCL filter resonance. Digital delays are intrinsic to digital controlled inverters; with these delays, the feedforward control can be equivalent to a damping resistor and a reactance paralleled with filter capacitor. The damping performance in different frequency regions are discussed through Bode diagrams. Compared to other widely used active damping strategies, no extra sensor is needed because the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) voltage is sampled for Phase Locked Loop (PLL). Simulation and experiment results are provided for verifying the theoretical analyses. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
EP 0012901 W | A METHOD OF APPLYING TREATMENT CHEMICALS TO FIBER-BASED PLANAR PRODUCTS AND PRODUCTS MADE USING SAME | The present invention relates to a method of applying a treatment composition containing at least one treatment chemical to a fiber-based planar product, said method comprising the steps of: a) applying the treatment composition to one side of the planar product, and b) allowing the treatment composition to penetrate the planar product at least in part, said treatment composition being heated before and/or during step b), wherein the penetration of the treatment composition preferably is promoted by applying a subatmospheric pressure at that side of the planar product not treated with the treatment composition; as well as a device usable for this method and a planar fiber-based product, in particular tissue, obtainable thereby. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.3390/ma13225082 | Bottom Contact Metal Oxide Interface Modification Improving the Efficiency of Organic Light Emitting Diodes | The performance of solution-processed organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is often limited by non-uniform contacts. In this work, we introduce Ni-containing solution-processed metal oxide (MO) interfacial layers inserted between indium tin oxide (ITO) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to improve the bottom electrode contact for OLEDs using the poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivative Super-Yellow (SY) as an emission layer. For ITO/Ni-containing MO/PEDOT:PSS bottom electrode structures we show enhanced wetting properties that result in an improved OLED device efficiency. Best performance is achieved using a Cu-Li co-doped spinel nickel cobaltite [(Cu-Li):NiCo2O4], for which the current efficiency and luminous efficacy of SY OLEDs increased, respectively, by 12% and 11% from the values obtained for standard devices without a Ni-containing MO interface modification between ITO and PEDOT:PSS. The enhanced performance was attributed to the improved morphology of PEDOT:PSS, which consequently increased the hole injection capability of the optimized ITO/(Cu-Li):NiCo2O4/PEDOT:PSS electrode. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
US 2006/0000694 W | FENCE SYSTEM | Each, main technical feature mentioned in the abstract and illustrated by a drawing in the international application shall be followed by a reference sign, placed between parentheses in accordance with PCT rule 8. l(d). | [
"Other"
]
|
10.1128/genomeA.01398-16 | Complete genome sequence of Delftia tsuruhatensis CM13 isolated from murine proximal colonic tissue | We report here the complete genome sequence of Delftia tsuruhatensis CM13, isolated from murine proximal colonic tissue. The genome assembly using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing resulted in a single scaffold of 7. 19 Mb. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1088/0264-9381/33/11/115013 | Comments On Supersymmetric Solutions Of Minimal Gauged Supergravity In Five Dimensions | We investigate supersymmetric solutions of minimal gauged supergravity in five dimensions, in the timelike class. We propose an ansatz based on a four-dimensional local orthotoric Kaehler metric and reduce the problem to a single sixth-order equation for two functions, each of one variable. We find an analytic, asymptotically locally AdS solution comprising five parameters. For a conformally flat boundary, this reduces to a previously known solution with three parameters, representing the most general solution of this type known in the minimal theory. We discuss the possible relevance of certain topological solitons contained in the latter to account for the supersymmetric Casimir energy of dual superconformal field theories on S^3 x R. Although we obtain a negative response, our analysis clarifies several aspects of these solutions. In particular, we show that there exists a unique regular topological soliton in this family. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
616140 | Epigenetic Control of Mammalian Reproduction | By standing at the crossroads of generations, germ cells ensure species continuity. At the time of fertilization, the oocyte and spermatozoon carry the genetic material but also non-genetically encoded, epigenetic information. Gametic epigenetic modifications have immediate effects on gametic production and fertility. They also have long-term consequences on somatic phenotypes when transmitted to the progeny. Our team has previously made some important contributions to the emergence of these concepts. Here we propose to explore further the epigenetic control of mammalian reproduction, with a specific emphasis on DNA methylation-related events. How are DNA methylation patterns shaped? How do they impact on germ cell identity and integrity? How much gametic DNA methylation is transmitted to the progeny and how does this influence phenotypes across generations?
Our projects can be subdivided into three interconnected themes, which are at the heart of mammalian developmental biology and are not usually investigated as a common effort: 1) Trans and cis determinants of de novo DNA methylation, 2) DNA methylation and transposon control, and 3) DNA methylation and genomic imprinting. Our approach is mainly fundamental, using the mouse as a mammalian model, and will involve a powerful combination of genetics, cellular and developmental biology, with large-scale genomic and biochemical strategies. We are also extending our research to humans, in the hope of uncovering new causes of impaired or malignant gametogenesis. Correct DNA methylation patterns are paramount for the generation of functional gametes capable of forming viable and healthy offspring, but also for the regulation of pluripotency states and the maintenance of genome architecture and function in somatic cells. Our work therefore not only impacts on the field of reproduction and development, but also on stem cell biology and cancer. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
US 201815899794 A | Head drive device, thermal printer, and method of controlling a head drive device | A head drive device includes a thermal head, a capacitor, a control circuit and a drive circuit. The thermal head has a first group of heat generators and a second group of heat generators having a smaller number of heat generators than the first group. The control circuit selects, based on printing data, whether to perform printing with use of the first group or to perform printing with use of the second group. The drive circuit supplies power of a power source and the power stored in the capacitor to the thermal head when the first group is used, and supplies the power of the power source to the thermal head when the second group is used. The control circuit performs printing with use the first or second group based on the storage state of the capacitor. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/nn205035p | Optically stable biocompatible flame-made SiO <inf>2</inf>-coated Y <inf>2</inf>O <inf>3</inf>: Tb <sup>3+</sup> nanophosphors for cell imaging | Nanophosphors are light-emitting materials with stable optical properties that represent promising tools for bioimaging. The synthesis of nanophosphors, and thus the control of their surface properties, is, however, challenging. Here, flame aerosol technology is exploited to generate Tbactivated Y 2O 3 nanophosphors (∼25 nm) encapsulated in situ by a nanothin amorphous inert SiO 2 film. The nanocrystalline core exhibits a bright green luminescence following the Tb 3+ ion transitions, while the hermetic SiO 2-coating prevents any unspecific interference with cellular activities. The SiO 2-coated nanophosphors display minimal photobleaching upon imaging and can be easily functionalized through surface absorption of biological molecules. Therefore, they can be used as bionanoprobes for cell detection and for long-term monitoring of cellular activities. As an example, we report on the interaction between epidermal growth factor (EGF)-functionalized nanophosphors and mouse melanoma cells. The cellular uptake of the nanophosphors is visualized with confocal microscopy, and the specific activation of EGF receptors is revealed with biochemical techniques. Altogether, our results establish SiO 2-coated Tb-activated Y 2O 3 nanophosphors as superior imaging tools for biological applications. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
174563 | Alternative splicing networks in pancreatic beta cells | Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which pancreatic beta cells are killed by infiltrating immune cells and by cytokines released by these cells. The mechanisms by which autoimmunity is triggered and aggravated in T1D and the nature of the intracellular signals that decide beta cell fate between survival or death remain to be clarified. Alternative splicing (AS) is a complex mechanism of gene expression regulation and a potent generator of proteome diversity. It provides cells with an exquisite capacity to rapidly modify their transcriptome and proteome in response to intra and extracellular cues. AS affects more than 90% of human genes and has a major impact in many cellular processes, including cell survival and generation of new antigenic epitopes. There is a growing interest in the role of AS in autoimmune diseases but nearly nothing is known on its role in beta cells and diabetes. Recent findings by the host group indicate that pro-inflammatory cytokines change the expression of >30 RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and modify AS of >3000 genes in human beta cells. Importantly, the host group has discovered that the diabetes candidate gene GLIS3 affects beta cell apoptosis by regulating the splicing of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bim. These findings suggest that AS plays an important role in the regulation of beta cell dysfunction and death by mechanisms that remain to be clarified. We hypothesise that pro-inflammatory signals activate splicing networks contributing to beta cell functional lost and death. We propose in the present project a systems biology approach that will combine RNA-seq, network inference and analysis of individual RBPs to characterize and validate inflammation-activated splicing networks in beta cells. The ultimate goal is to identify key splicing networks and mRNA splice variants that will be targeted by splicing-modulation molecules as a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent progressive beta cell loss in T1D. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1002/wsbm.148 | Noncoding RNAs in gene regulation | RNAs have been traditionally viewed as intermediates between DNA and proteins. However, there is a growing body of literature indicating that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key players for gene regulation, genome stability, and chromatin modification. In addition to the well-known small interfering RNAs and microRNAs acting in transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing, recent advances in the field of transcriptome exploration have revealed novel sets of new small and large ncRNAs. Many of them appear to be conserved across mammals, and abnormal expression of several ncRNAs has been linked to a wide variety of human diseases, such as cancer. Here, we review the different classes of ncRNAs identified to date, in yeast and mammals, and we discuss the mechanisms by which they affect gene regulation. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1145/3302504.3311799 | Verification And Synthesis Of Interconnected Embedded Control Systems Under Timing Contracts | In the first part of this paper, we solve the problem of verifying stability of an interconnection of embedded control systems under a timing contract which specifies the time instants at which some operations in each subsystem are performed such as sampling, actuation, or control input computation. In our approach, we reformulate each subsystem into an impulsive system and then derive a small gain condition on the stability of the interconnection using reachability analysis. In the second part of the paper, we consider the problem of synthesizing a set of timing contracts that guarantee the stability of the interconnected embedded control system by exploiting the monotonicity of stability with respect to timing contract parameters. Linear and nonlinear examples are provided allowing us to compare our results with existing techniques and to show the effectiveness of our approach. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02038 | High Quality Factor Mechanical Resonators Based on WSe<inf>2</inf> Monolayers | Suspended monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) are membranes that combine ultralow mass and exceptional optical properties, making them intriguing materials for opto-mechanical applications. However, the low measured quality factor of TMD resonators has been a roadblock so far. Here, we report an ultrasensitive optical readout of monolayer TMD resonators that allows us to reveal their mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures. We find that the quality factor of monolayer WSe2 resonators greatly increases below room temperature, reaching values as high as 1. 6 × 104 at liquid nitrogen temperature and 4. 7 × 104 at liquid helium temperature. This surpasses the quality factor of monolayer graphene resonators with similar surface areas. Upon cooling the resonator, the resonant frequency increases significantly due to the thermal contraction of the WSe2 lattice. These measurements allow us to experimentally study the thermal expansion coefficient of WSe2 monolayers for the first time. High Q-factors are also found in resonators based on MoS2 and MoSe2 monolayers. The high quality-factor found in this work opens new possibilities for coupling mechanical vibrational states to two-dimensional excitons, valley pseudospins, and single quantum emitters and for quantum opto-mechanical experiments based on the Casimir interaction. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.04.001 | From glissile to sessile: Effect of temperature on (110) dislocations in perovskite materials | In perovskite-type strontium titanate (SrTiO3) (110) dislocations, which are the main carriers of plastic flow at low temperature, lose their mobility as temperature increases, leading to brittle failure above 1050 K. We present theoretical evidence for a change in their core structure into a sessile, climb-dissociated configuration at high temperature. This mechanism is shown to operate in both SrTiO3 and MgSiO3, indicating that it may be a general feature of perovskite-type materials. It follows that the activity of the (110) slip system depends critically on the strain rate-temperature couple, ϵT. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
756194 | ENERGY use for Adaptation | ENERGYA will improve our understanding of how energy and energy services can be used by households and industries to adapt to the risk posed by climate change. Specifically, the project will develop an interdisciplinary and scalable research framework integrating data and methods from economics with geography, climate science, and integrated assessment modelling to provide new knowledge concerning heterogeneity in energy use across countries, sectors, socioeconomic conditions and income groups, and assess the broad implications adaptation-driven energy use can have on the economy, the environment, and welfare.
The key novelty of ENERGYA is to link energy statistics and energy survey data with high spatial resolution data from climate science and remote sensing, including high-resolution spatial data on meteorology, population and economic activity distribution, electrification, and the built environment.
ENERGYA has three main objectives. First, it will produce novel statistical and econometric analyses for OECD and major emerging countries (Brazil, Mexico, India, and Indonesia) to shed light on the underlying mechanisms driving energy use. Second, it will infer future potential impacts from long-run climate and socioeconomic changes building on historical empirical evidence. Third, it will analyse the macro and distributional implications of adaptation-driven energy use with an economy-energy model characterising the distribution of energy use dynamics across and within countries.
Given the central role of energy as multiplier for socioeconomic development and as enabling condition for climate resilience, the research proposed in ENERGYA will result in timely insights for the transition towards sustainability described by the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations as well as the Paris International Climate Agreement. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
981001 | Modular wood-made wind turbine towers | Modvion AB is a company founded in 2016 with the purpose of developing and constructing a wood-made modular wind turbine tower. Further to its founding, the Modvion team grew constantly, highly specialized people joining the company. This led to the development of our first patent and to other patent application with pending status.
We are bringing to market a modular wind turbine tower made from laminated wood (LVL). Our technology allows towers to have a larger diameter base which increases its strength properties and supports a larger tower. By using engineered wood such as LVL, we are able to develop a structure 53% stronger than its steel counterpart and be part of getting wind turbines to even larger heights.
Our turbine tower can go well beyond 150 meters in height and can support a 350 tons heavy nacelle and turbine. Our turbine tower outperforms existing solutions on the market, such as steel and concrete wind towers, in terms of specific strength, operational costs, maximum height and many more.
In terms of environmental impact, our product shows a zero impact and, compared to alternatives, this impact goes well beyond what is available on the market. As a system made of wood, our turbine tower hold the CO2 captured by trees during their growth and trapped in the tower. The amount of CO2 trapped in a Vultus tower is of 2,000 tons (in a 150-meter tower)
The main target of this Phase 1 is to improve our business plan, focusing on updating a previous market assessment. We want to update our business model based on the changes in the renewables market, with risk and IP assessment as secondary analyses. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.econlet.2013.04.007 | Validating an ultra-short survey measure of patience | This study presents results of the validation of an ultra-short survey measure of patience included in the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). Survey responses predict intertemporal choice behavior in incentive-compatible decisions in a representative sample of the German adult population. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W4281893041 | Evolução da Mortalidade por Câncer de Pulmão e Brônquios na Região de Saúde Sul do Estado de Mato Grosso, 2010 – 2019 | Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento de dados sobre a taxa de mortalidade associada ao câncer de pulmão e brônquios nos municípios da Região de Saúde Sul do Estado de Mato Grosso. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo de série temporal, no qual se obtiveram os dados sobre o número de óbitos por neoplasia maligna de brônquios e de pulmões em pessoas residentes na Região de Saúde Sul de Mato Grosso, ocorridos entre 2010 e 2019, por meio do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Calculou-se a taxa de mortalidade para os municípios pela razão entre o total de óbitos por câncer de brônquios ou pulmões e a estimativa da população, estratificada por sexo e idade, a cada ano. Utilizou-se o método direto para padronização das taxas de mortalidade por faixa etária. Resultados e Discussão: A partir dos dados disponíveis, verificou-se que 12,49% dos óbitos causados por câncer nos 19 municípios da região foram por câncer de brônquios ou pulmões. A mortalidade foi maior em homens (12,07 óbitos/100 mil) do que em mulheres (7,70 óbitos/100 mil). Ademais, pessoas na faixa de 70 a 79 anos tiveram uma taxa mortalidade maior (104,05 óbitos/100 mil) do que aquelas nas faixas mais jovens. Isso evidencia que ambas as constatações estão de acordo com a literatura. Conclusão: Os dados demonstram uma relação de maior mortalidade associada ao sexo masculino, bem como à idade mais avançada, estando de acordo com a literatura. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1126/sciadv.aav8216 | Molecular insights into the surface-catalyzed secondary nucleation of amyloid-<inf>40</inf> (A<inf>40</inf>) by the peptide fragment A<inf>16–22</inf> | Understanding the structural mechanism by which proteins and peptides aggregate is crucial, given the role of fibrillar aggregates in debilitating amyloid diseases and bioinspired materials. Yet, this is a major challenge as the assembly involves multiple heterogeneous and transient intermediates. Here, we analyze the co-aggregation of A40 and A16–22, two widely studied peptide fragments of A42 implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. We demonstrate that A16–22 increases the aggregation rate of A40 through a surface-catalyzed secondary nucleation mechanism. Discontinuous molecular dynamics simulations allowed aggregation to be tracked from the initial random coil monomer to the catalysis of nucleation on the fibril surface. Together, the results provide insight into how dynamic interactions between A40 monomers/oligomers on the surface of preformed A16–22 fibrils nucleate A40 amyloid assembly. This new understanding may facilitate development of surfaces designed to enhance or suppress secondary nucleation and hence to control the rates and products of fibril assembly. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
172820 | Comorbid conditions of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder | Understanding mechanisms underlying comorbid disorders poses a challenge for developing precision medicine tools. Psychiatric disorders are highly comorbid, and are among the last areas of medicine, where classification is driven by phenomenology rather than pathophysiology. We will study comorbidity between the most frequent psychiatric conditions, ADHD, mood/anxiety, and substance use disorders, and a highly prevalent somatic disease, obesity. ADHD, a childhood-onset disorder, forms the entry into a lifelong negative trajectory characterized by these comorbidities. Common mechanisms underlying this course are unknown, despite their relevance for early detection, prevention, and treatment. Our interdisciplinary team of experts will integrate epidemiologic/genetic approaches with experimental designs to address those issues. We will determine disease burden of comorbidity, calculate its socioeconomic impact, and reveal risk factors. We will study biological pathways of comorbidity and derive biomarkers, prioritizing two candidate mechanisms (circadian rhythm and dopaminergic neurotransmission), but also leveraging large existing data sets to identify new ones. A pilot clinical trial to study non-pharmacologic, dopamine-based and chronobiological treatments will be performed, employing innovative mHealth to monitor and support patients’ daily life. Integration of findings will lead to prediction algorithms enhancing early diagnosis and prevention of comorbidity. Finally, we will screen to repurpose existing pharmacological compounds. Integrating complementary approaches based on large-scale, existing data and innovative data collection, we maximize value for money in this project, leading to insight into the mechanisms underlying this comorbidity triad with its huge burden for healthcare, economy, and society. This will facilitate early detection and non-invasive, scalable, and low-cost treatment, creating opportunities for substantial and immediate societal impact. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
EP 11775132 A | MOBILE COMMUNICATION METHOD AND MOBILE STATION | A mobile communication method according to the present invention includes a step of transmitting, by a radio base station eNB, "RRC Connection Reconfiguration" instructing to add new DL CC to a mobile station UE, a step of calculating, by the mobile station UE, Power headroom on the basis of a path loss estimated from the new DL CC, in response to the "RRC Connection Reconfiguration", and a step of transmitting, by the mobile station UE, "MAC Control Element" including the Power headroom to the radio base station eNB. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.3390/universe3020032 | Probing the gravitational dependence of the fine-structure constant from observations of white dwarf stars | Hot white dwarf stars are the ideal probe for a relationship between the fine-structure constant and strong gravitational fields, providing us with an opportunity for a direct observational test. We study a sample of hot white dwarf stars, combining far-UV spectroscopic observations, atomic physics, atmospheric modelling, and fundamental physics in the search for variation in the fine structure constant. This variation manifests as shifts in the observed wavelengths of absorption lines, such as quadruply ionized iron (FeV) and quadruply ionized nickel (NiV), when compared to laboratory wavelengths. Berengut et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 111, 010801) demonstrated the validity of such an analysis using high-resolution Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) spectra of G191-B2B. We have made three important improvements by: (a) using three new independent sets of laboratory wavelengths; (b) analysing a sample of objects; and (c) improving the methodology by incorporating robust techniques from previous studies towards quasars (the Many Multiplet method). A successful detection would be the first direct measurement of a gravitational field effect on a bare constant of nature. Here we describe our approach and present preliminary results from nine objects using both FeV and NiV. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1088/1751-8113/47/5/055201 | Mixing Patterns From The Groups Σ Nφ | We survey the mixing patterns which can be derived from the discrete groups Sigma(36 x 3), Sigma( 72 x 3), Sigma(216 x 3) and Sigma(360 x 3), if these are broken to Abelian subgroups G(e) and G(nu) in the charged lepton and neutrino sector, respectively. Since only Sigma(360 x 3) possesses Klein subgroups, only this group allows neutrinos to be Majorana particles. We find a few patterns that can agree well with the experimental data on lepton mixing in scenarios with small corrections and that predict the reactor mixing angle theta(13) to be 0. 1 less than or similar to theta(13) less than or similar to 0. 2. All these patterns lead to a trivial Dirac phase. Patterns which instead reveal CP violation tend to accommodate the data not well. We also comment on the outer automorphisms of the discussed groups, since they can be useful for relating inequivalent representations of these groups. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.013 | Brown and beige fat: From molecules to physiology and pathophysiology | The adipose organ portrays adipocytes of diverse tones: white, brown and beige, each type with distinct functions. Adipocytes orchestrate their adaptation and expansion to provide storage to excess nutrients, the quick mobilisation of fuel to supply peripheral functional demands, insulation, and, in their thermogenic form, heat generation to maintain core body temperature. Thermogenic adipocytes could be targets for anti-obesity and anti-diabetic therapeutic approaches aiming to restore adipose tissue functionality and increase energy dissipation. However, for thermogenic adipose tissue to become therapeutically relevant, a better understanding of its development and origins, its progenitors and their characteristics and the composition of its niche, is essential. Also crucial is the identification of stimuli and molecules promoting its specific differentiation and activation. Here we highlight the structural/cellular differences between human and rodent brown adipose tissue and discuss how obesity and metabolic complication affects brown and beige cells as well as how they could be targeted to improve their activation and improve global metabolic homeostasis. Finally, we describe the limitations of current research models and the advantages of new emerging approaches. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W1865553683 | Sources of Math Self-Efficacy: A Case Study of Students in Game Design | Within the past 20 years, the concept of self-efficacy has received considerable attention from educational researchers as they seek to understand student beliefs related to academic activities and academic performance. Recent findings have suggested that sources of self-efficacy differ across race and ethnicity among students. Much more research however, is still needed to further examine this claim. The present study, one of few qualitative studies examining sources of self-efficacy, recruited African American participants from the Game Design @ Mason program and used the Morgan-Jinks Math Self-Efficacy scale to select and interview students. The following research questions were explored: (a) What sources of math self-efficacy do African American students with interests in game design rely upon most? (b) How do sources of self-efficacy differ for students with high math self-efficacy ratings as compared to students with lower math self-efficacy ratings? (c) How do students with high math self-efficacy ratings compare to students with lower math self-efficacy ratings in their preferences for the Game Design @ Mason program? (d) How do students with high math self-efficacy ratings compare to students with lower math self-efficacy ratings in their willingness to share with peers their association to the Game Design @ Mason program? (e) How do female students compare to male students in their descriptions of their sources of math self-efficacy? Results suggest that students primarily relied on mastery experiences and affective states to define their math self-efficacy. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.cortex.2018.11.028 | Large-scale comparative neuroimaging: Where are we and what do we need? | Neuroimaging has a lot to offer comparative neuroscience. Although invasive “gold standard” techniques have a better spatial resolution, neuroimaging allows fast, whole-brain, repeatable, and multi-modal measurements of structure and function in living animals and post-mortem tissue. In the past years, comparative neuroimaging has increased in popularity. However, we argue that its most significant potential lies in its ability to collect large-scale datasets of many species to investigate principles of variability in brain organisation across whole orders of species—an ambition that is presently unfulfilled but achievable. We briefly review the current state of the field and explore what the current obstacles to such an approach are. We propose some calls to action. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
W2620927995 | An in situ Comparison of Electron Acceleration at Collisionless Shocks under Differing Upstream Magnetic Field Orientations | A leading explanation for the origin of Galactic cosmic rays is acceleration at high-Mach number shock waves in the collisionless plasma surrounding young supernova remnants. Evidence for this is provided by multi-wavelength non-thermal emission thought to be associated with ultrarelativistic electrons at these shocks. However, the dependence of the electron acceleration process on the orientation of the upstream magnetic field with respect to the local normal to the shock front (quasi-parallel/quasi-perpendicular) is debated. Cassini spacecraft observations at Saturn's bow shock has revealed examples of electron acceleration under quasi-perpendicular conditions, and the first in situ evidence of electron acceleration at a quasi-parallel shock. Here we use Cassini data to make the first comparison between energy spectra of locally accelerated electrons under these differing upstream magnetic field regimes. We present data taken during a quasi-perpendicular shock crossing on 2008 March 8 and during a quasi-parallel shock crossing on 2007 February 3, highlighting that both were associated with electron acceleration to at least MeV energies. The magnetic signature of the quasi-perpendicular crossing has a relatively sharp upstream-downstream transition, and energetic electrons were detected close to the transition and immediately downstream. The magnetic transition at the quasi-parallel crossing is less clear, energetic electrons were encountered upstream and downstream, and the electron energy spectrum is harder above ~100 keV. We discuss whether the acceleration is consistent with diffusive shock acceleration theory in each case, and suggest that the quasi-parallel spectral break is due to an energy-dependent interaction between the electrons and short, large-amplitude magnetic structures. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1080/24694452.2019.1644992 | Against All Odds Multicriteria Decision Making With Hazard Prediction Maps Depicting Uncertainty | We report on a multicriteria decision-making study where participants were asked to purchase a house shown on maps that include hazard prediction information. We find that participants decided to b . . . | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
894493 | Bacterial biofilms in porous structures: from biomechanics to control | The key ideas motivating this project are that: 1) precise control of the properties of porous systems can be obtained by exploiting bacteria and their fantastic abilities; 2) conversely, porous media (large surface to volume ratios, complex structures) could be a major part of bacterial synthetic biology, as a scaffold for growing large quantities of microorganisms in controlled bioreactors.
The main scientific obstacle to precise control of such processes is the lack of understanding of biophysical mechanisms in complex porous structures, even in the case of single-strain biofilms. The central hypothesis of this project is that a better fundamental understanding of biofilm biomechanics and physical ecology will yield a novel theoretical basis for engineering and control.
The first scientific objective is thus to gain insight into how fluid flow, transport phenomena and biofilms interact within connected multiscale heterogeneous structures - a major scientific challenge with wide-ranging implications. To this end, we will combine microfluidic and 3D printed micro-bioreactor experiments; fluorescence and X-ray imaging; high performance computing blending CFD, individual-based models and pore network approaches.
The second scientific objective is to create the primary building blocks toward a control theory of bacteria in porous media and innovative designs of microbial bioreactors. Building upon the previous objective, we first aim to extract from the complexity of biological responses the most universal engineering principles applying to such systems. We will then design a novel porous micro-bioreactor to demonstrate how the permeability and solute residence times can be controlled in a dynamic, reversible and stable way - an initial step toward controlling reaction rates.
We envision that this will unlock a new generation of biotechnologies and novel bioreactor designs enabling translation from proof-of-concept synthetic microbiology to industrial processes. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1016/j.jmps.2012.03.007 | Multi-scale finite element model for a new material inspired by the mechanics and structure of wood cell-walls | This paper proposes a fully coupled multi-scale finite element model for the constitutive description of an alumina/magnesium alloy/epoxy composite inspired in the mechanics and structure of the wall of wood cells. The mechanical response of the composite (the large scale continuum) is described by means of a representative volume element (RVE, corresponding to the intermediate scale) in which the fibre is represented as a periodic alternation of alumina and magnesium alloy fractions. Furthermore, at a lower scale the overall constitutive behavior of the alumina/magnesium alloy fibre is modelled as a single material defined by a large number of RVEs (the smallest material scale) at the Gauss point (intermediate) level. Numerical material tests show that this new composite maximises its toughness when the hierarchical design of wood cellulose fibres is replicated. The above results provide for the first time new clues into the understanding of how trees and plants optimise their microstructures at the cellulose level in order to absorb a large amount of strain energy before failure. These findings are likely to shed more light into natural materials and bio-inspired design strategies, which are still not well-understood at present. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3432-15.2016 | Shawn The Drosophila Homolog Of Slc25A39 40 Is A Mitochondrial Carrier That Promotes Neuronal Survival | Mitochondria play an important role in the regulation of neurotransmission, and mitochondrial impairment is a key event in neurodegeneration. Cells rely on mitochondrial carrier proteins of the SLC25 family to shuttle ions, cofactors, and metabolites necessary for enzymatic reactions. Mutations in these carriers often result in rare but severe pathologies in the brain, and some of the genes, including SLC25A39 and SLC25A40 , reside in susceptibility loci of severe forms of epilepsy. However, the role of most of these carriers has not been investigated in neurons in vivo . We identified shawn , the Drosophila homolog of SLC25A39 and SLC25A40 , in a genetic screen to identify genes involved in neuronal function. Shawn localizes to mitochondria, and missense mutations result in an accumulation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. Shawn regulates metal homeostasis, and we found in shawn mutants increased levels of manganese, calcium, and mitochondrial free iron. Mitochondrial mutants often cannot maintain synaptic transmission under demanding conditions, but s hawn mutants do, and they also do not display endocytic defects. In contrast, shawn mutants harbor a significant increase in neurotransmitter release. Our work provides the first functional annotation of these essential mitochondrial carriers in the nervous system, and the results suggest that metal imbalances and mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to defects in synaptic transmission and neuronal survival. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We describe for the first time the role of the mitochondrial carrier Shawn/SLC25A39/SLC25A40 in the nervous system. In humans, these genes reside in susceptibility loci for epilepsy, and, in flies, we observe neuronal defects related to mitochondrial dysfunction and metal homeostasis defects. Interestingly, shawn mutants also harbor increased neurotransmitter release and neurodegeneration. Our data suggest a connection between maintaining a correct metal balance and mitochondrial function to regulate neuronal survival and neurotransmitter release. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W2102613218 | Neuroethics and fMRI: Mapping a Fledgling Relationship | Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) informs the understanding of the neural basis of mental function and is a key domain of ethical enquiry. It raises questions about the practice and implications of research, and reflexively informs ethics through the empirical investigation of moral judgments. It is at the centre of debate surrounding the importance of neuroscience findings for concepts such as personhood and free will, and the extent of their practical consequences. Here, we map the landscape of fMRI and neuroethics, using citation analysis to uncover salient topics. We find that this landscape is sparsely populated: despite previous calls for debate, there are few articles that discuss both fMRI and ethical, legal, or social implications (ELSI), and even fewer direct citations between the two literatures. Recognizing that practical barriers exist to integrating ELSI discussion into the research literature, we argue nonetheless that the ethical challenges of fMRI, and controversy over its conceptual and practical implications, make this essential. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1142/S021974991560028X | Bayesian Approach To Boson Sampling Validation | The Boson sampling problem consists in sampling from the output probability distribution of a bosonic Fock state, after it evolves through a linear interferometer. There is strong evidence that Boson sampling is computationally hard for classical computers, while it can be solved naturally by bosons. This has led it to draw increasing attention as a possible way to provide experimental evidence for the quantum computational supremacy. Nevertheless, the very complexity of the problem makes it hard to exclude the hypothesis that the experimental data are sampled from a different probability distribution. By exploiting integrated quantum photonics, we have carried out a set of three-photon Boson sampling experiments and analyzed the results using a Bayesian approach, showing that it represents a valid alternative to currently used methods. We adopt this approach to provide evidence that the experimental data correspond to genuine three-photon interference, validating the results against fully and partially-distinguishable photon hypotheses. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/C2SC21318D | Nonheme Oxoiron Iv Complexes Of Pentadentate N5 Ligands Spectroscopy Electrochemistry And Oxidative Reactivity | Oxoiron(IV) species have been found to act as the oxidants in the catalytic cycles of several mononuclear nonheme iron enzymes that activate dioxygen. To gain insight into the factors that govern the oxidative reactivity of such complexes, a series of five synthetic S = 1 [FeIV(O)(LN5)]2+ complexes has been characterized with respect to their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties as well as their relative abilities to carry out oxo transfer and hydrogen atom abstraction. The FeO units in these five complexes are supported by neutral pentadentate ligands having a combination of pyridine and tertiary amine donors but with different ligand frameworks. Characterization of the five complexes by X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals FeO bonds of ca. 1. 65 A in length that give rise to the intense 1s → 3d pre-edge features indicative of iron centers with substantial deviation from centrosymmetry. Resonance Raman studies show that the five complexes exhibit ν(FeO) modes at 825–841 cm−1. Spectropotentiometric experiments in acetonitrile with 0. 1 M water reveal that the supporting pentadentate ligands modulate the E1/2(IV/III) redox potentials with values ranging from 0. 83 to 1. 23 V vs. Fc, providing the first electrochemical determination of the E1/2(IV/III) redox potentials for a series of oxoiron(IV) complexes. The 0. 4 V difference in potential may arise from differences in the relative number of pyridine and tertiary amine donors on the LN5 ligand and in the orientations of the pyridine donors relative to the FeO bond that are enforced by the ligand architecture. The rates of oxo-atom transfer (OAT) to thioanisole correlate linearly with the increase in the redox potentials, reflecting the relative electrophilicities of the oxoiron(IV) units. However this linear relationship does not extend to the rates of hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) from 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD), 9,10-dihydroanthracene (DHA), and benzyl alcohol, suggesting that the HAT reactions are not governed by thermodynamics alone. This study represents the first investigation to compare the electrochemical and oxidative properties of a series of S = 1 FeIVO complexes with different ligand frameworks and sheds some light on the complexities of the reactivity of the oxoiron(IV) unit. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
217486 | Innovative labs for leveraging cross capacity building between ict, health, bio and medicine sectors for new emerging industries in personalized health | The INNOLABS project is cluster/network driven and grounded in the conviction that cluster organizations guarantee a better understanding of what kind of services and added value can be provide to their “clients”. Its specific focus is on unlocking the cross-sectoral collaborative potential of SMEs in combining ICT with the BIO, Health and Medicine sectors representing an emerging but still under-utilised market, and applying such results to personalized ehealth for elderly populations in both rural and urban areas. mHealth is another area within INNOLABS that will help in leveraging outstanding results.
The innovations created by the combination of different value chains get to market fast and need to adapt constantly to changing end-user needs. INNOLABS will study the characteristics in market dynamics and specificities for innovations created by merging ICT and biomedical research. The main outcome of the INNOLABS project will be a catalogue of monetary and non-monetary measures provided by regional innovation clusters to support SMEs to deliver timely and innovative products and services increasing the competitiveness of the SMEs and advances the positioning of European countries in these new emerging markets. Achieving long-term sustainability will be another of INNOLABS targets. All these will be achieved by pursuing the following project objectives:
1) Test and validate optimal support measures sensitive to the specific characteristics of ICT and biomedical markets by comparing measures for traditional value chains with new fast lane measures.
2) Increase the competitiveness of SMEs by using targeted non-monetary support mechanisms that generate added value encompassing expert knowledge, new partnerships and market optimisation of products
3) Secure new funding streams to facilitate sustainable cycles of collaborative IHBM innovation by SMEs on new market platforms. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W4281788448 | Panorama sobre o uso de agrotóxicos para café e citros: análise nas agências regulatórias nacionais e internacionais | A busca pelo controle de doenças, de pragas e de plantas daninhas passou a ser constante dentro da agricultura moderna, especialmente naquelas culturas destinadas a grandes produções, mas recentemente denominada de “agronegócio”. Dentro do agronegócio brasileiro destacam-se as culturas de café e citros. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e discutir o panorama das liberações de uso de agrotóxicos nas principais agências regulatórias do Brasil e também de alguns países nessas culturas, destacando a necessidade de substituição de produtos convencionais por produtos naturais. Isto vem ao encontro da necessidade de buscar alternativas sustentáveis, em especial para a cafeicultura e citricultura, o que permitirá a redução da liberação de agrotóxicos no meio ambiente, e consequente impactos ambientais e sociais indesejáveis. Com base na avaliação de agências reguladoras em outros países, observa-se que, embora o nível de requerimentos seja basicamente o mesmo, alguns produtos utilizados no Brasil e com restrições de uso nesses países. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W2057345302 | Intellectual capital and business performances in Italian firms: an empirical investigation | In this article, we show that efficiency gains related to the intellectual capital (IC) can raise the performances of the firm more than efficiency gains related to physical/financial capital (CE.) Furthermore, we show that this can be the case not only for knowledge–intensive firms but also for capital–intensive firms. Adopting a variant of Pulic's (2000) value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) we analysed a sample of 787 Italian firms operating in service–related industries and manufacturing–related industries over the period 2000–2010. We found that IC–related efficiency gains of 1% can raise the returns on assets (ROA) up to 0.7% and the cash–flows to operational revenues (CF) up to 21.1%. Finally, we estimated that CE–related efficiency gains produce negligible effects. These results are consistent across industries and fade away within two years. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W1170308012 | Small herbivores suppress algal accumulation on Agatti atoll, Indian Ocean | Despite large herbivorous fish being generally accepted as the main group responsible for preventing algal accumulation on coral reefs, few studies have experimentally examined the relative importance of herbivore size on algal communities. This study used exclusion cages with two different mesh sizes (1 × 1 cm and 6 × 6 cm) to investigate the impact of different-sized herbivores on algal accumulation rates on the shallow ( 8 cm body depth) while allowing smaller fishes to access the plots. In contrast to the conclusions of most previous studies, the exclusion of large herbivores had no significant effect on the accumulation of benthic algae and the amount of algae present within the coarse-mesh cages was relatively consistent throughout the experimental period (around 50 % coverage and 1–2 mm height). The difference in algal accumulation between the fine-mesh and coarse-mesh cages appears to be related to the actions of small individuals from 12 herbivorous fish species (0.17 ind. m−2 and 7.7 g m−2) that were able to enter through the coarse mesh. Although restricted to a single habitat, these results suggest that when present in sufficient densities and diversity, small herbivorous fishes can prevent the accumulation of algal biomass on coral reefs. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1007/s00031-020-09569-1 | BOUNDEDNESS PROPERTIES OF AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF FORMS OF FLAG VARIETIES | We call a flag variety admissible if its automorphism group is the projective general linear group. (This holds in most cases. )Let K be a field of characteristic 0, containing all roots of unity. Let the K-variety X be a form of an admissible flag variety. We prove that X is either ruled, or the automorphism group of X is bounded, meaning that there exists a constant C ∈ ℕ such that if G is a finite subgroup of AutK(X), then the cardinality of G is smaller than C. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
695188 | Deterministic Generation of Polarization Entangled single Photons Cluster States | Measurement based quantum computing is one of the most fault-tolerant architectures proposed for quantum information processing. It opens the possibility of performing quantum computing tasks using linear optical systems. An efficient route for measurement based quantum computing utilizes highly entangled states of photons, called cluster states. Propagation and processing quantum information is made possible this way using only single qubit measurements. It is highly resilient to qubit losses. In addition, single qubit measurements of polarization qubits is easily performed with high fidelity using standard optical tools. These features make photonic clusters excellent platforms for quantum information processing.
Constructing photonic cluster states, however, is a formidable challenge, attracting vast amounts of research efforts. While in principle it is possible to build up cluster states using interferometry, such a method is of a probabilistic nature and entails a large overhead of resources. The use of entangled photon pairs reduces this overhead by a small factor only.
We outline a novel route for constructing a deterministic source of photonic cluster states using a device based on semiconductor quantum dot. Our proposal follows a suggestion by Lindner and Rudolph. We use repeated optical excitations of a long lived coherent spin confined in a single semiconductor quantum dot and demonstrate for the first time practical realization of their proposal. Our preliminary demonstration presents a breakthrough in quantum technology since deterministic source of photonic cluster, reduces the resources needed quantum information processing. It may have revolutionary prospects for technological applications as well as to our fundamental understanding of quantum systems.
We propose to capitalize on this recent breakthrough and concentrate on R&D which will further advance this forefront field of science and technology by utilizing the horizons that it opens. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1103/RevModPhys.89.025008 | Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at transition metal/oxide interfaces and applications | Spin electronics is a rapidly expanding field stimulated by a strong synergy between breakthrough basic research discoveries and industrial applications in the fields of magnetic recording, magnetic field sensors, nonvolatile memories [magnetic random access memories (MRAM) and especially spin-transfer-torque MRAM (STT-MRAM)]. In addition to the discovery of several physical phenomena (giant magnetoresistance, tunnel magnetoresistance, spin-transfer torque, spin-orbit torque, spin Hall effect, spin Seebeck effect, etc. ), outstanding progress has been made on the growth and nanopatterning of magnetic multilayered films and nanostructures in which these phenomena are observed. Magnetic anisotropy is usually observed in materials that have large spin-orbit interactions. However, in 2002 perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) was discovered to exist at magnetic metal/oxide interfaces [for instance Co(Fe)/alumina]. Surprisingly, this PMA is observed in systems where spin-orbit interactions are quite weak, but its amplitude is remarkably large - comparable to that measured at Co/Pt interfaces, a reference for large interfacial anisotropy (anisotropy∼1. 4 erg/cm2=1. 4 mJ/m2). Actually, this PMA was found to be very common at magnetic metal/oxide interfaces since it has been observed with a large variety of amorphous or crystalline oxides, including AlOx, MgO, TaOx, HfOx, etc. This PMA is thought to be the result of electronic hybridization between the oxygen and the magnetic transition metal orbit across the interface, a hypothesis supported by ab initio calculations. Interest in this phenomenon was sparked in 2010 when it was demonstrated that the PMA at magnetic transition metal/oxide interfaces could be used to build out-of-plane magnetized magnetic tunnel junctions for STT-MRAM cells. In these systems, the PMA at the CoFeB/MgO interface can be used to simultaneously obtain good memory retention, thanks to the large PMA amplitude, and a low write current, thanks to a relatively weak Gilbert damping. These two requirements for memories tend to be difficult to reconcile since they rely on the same spin-orbit coupling. PMA-based approaches have now become ubiquitous in the designs for perpendicular STT-MRAM, and major microelectronics companies are actively working on their development with the first goal of addressing embedded FLASH and static random access memory-type of applications. Scalability of STT-MRAM devices based on this interfacial PMA is expected to soon exceed the 20-nm nodes. Several very active new fields of research also rely on interfacial PMA at magnetic metal/oxide interfaces, including spin-orbit torques associated with Rashba or spin Hall effects, record high speed domain wall propagation in buffer/magnetic metal/oxide-based magnetic wires, and voltage-based control of anisotropy. This review deals with PMA at magnetic metal/oxide interfaces from its discovery, by examining the diversity of systems in which it has been observed and the physicochemical methods through which the key roles played by the electronic hybridization at the metal/oxide interface were elucidated. The physical origins of the phenomenon are also covered and how these are supported by ab initio calculations is dealt with. Finally, some examples of applications of this interfacial PMA in STT-MRAM are listed along with the various emerging research topics taking advantage of this PMA. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/IROS.2017.8202213 | Multi View Deep Learning For Consistent Semantic Mapping With Rgb D Cameras | Visual scene understanding is an important capability that enables robots to purposefully act in their environment. In this paper, we propose a novel deep neural network approach to predict semantic segmentation from RGB-D sequences. The key innovation is to train our network to predict multi-view consistent semantics in a self-supervised way. At test time, its semantics predictions can be fused more consistently in semantic keyframe maps than predictions of a network trained on individual views. We base our network architecture on a recent single-view deep learning approach to RGB and depth fusion for semantic object-class segmentation and enhance it with multi-scale loss minimization. We obtain the camera trajectory using RGB-D SLAM and warp the predictions of RGB-D images into ground-truth annotated frames in order to enforce multi-view consistency during training. At test time, predictions from multiple views are fused into keyframes. We propose and analyze several methods for enforcing multi-view consistency during training and testing. We evaluate the benefit of multi-view consistency training and demonstrate that pooling of deep features and fusion over multiple views outperforms single-view baselines on the NYUDv2 benchmark for semantic segmentation. Our end-to-end trained network achieves state-of-the-art performance on the NYUDv2 dataset in single-view segmentation as well as multi-view semantic fusion. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.7554/eLife.05531 | Additive effects on the energy barrier for synaptic vesicle fusion cause supralinear effects on the vesicle fusion rate | The energy required to fuse synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane ('activation energy') is considered a major determinant in synaptic efficacy. From reaction rate theory we predict that a class of modulations exists, which utilize linear modulation of the energy barrier for fusion to achieve supralinear effects on the fusion rate. To test this prediction experimentally, we developed a method to assess the number of releasable vesicles, rate constants for vesicle priming, unpriming, and fusion, and the activation energy for fusion by fitting a vesicle state model to synaptic responses induced by hypertonic solutions. We show that Complexinl/II deficiency or phorbol ester stimulation indeed affects responses to hypertonic solution in a supralinear manner. An additive versus multiplicative relationship between activation energy and fusion rate provides a novel explanation for previously observed non-linear effects of genetic/pharmacological perturbations on synaptic transmission and a novel interpretation of the cooperative nature of Ca2+-dependent release. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
DE 10338922 A | Elektrische Diagnoseschaltung sowie Verfahren zum Testen und/oder zur Diagnose einer integrierten Schaltung | Steuerbares modifiziertes Multi-Input Signaturregister zum Testen oder zur Diagnose einer integrierten Schaltung mit den folgenden Merkmalen: – mehrere externe Dateneingänge (En) zum Empfang von digitalen Werten, – mehrere gleichartige, hintereinander angeordnete Speicherelemente mit den folgenden Merkmalen: – jedes Speicherelement weist einen externen Dateneingang (En) zum Empfang eines Test- oder Diagnosesignals einer integrierten Schaltung (14) auf, – jedes Speicherelement weist jeweils einen internen Dateneingang für ein Ausgangssignal von einem davor oder dahinter angeordneten Speicherelement auf, – die Speicherelemente sind derart steuerbar ausgebildet, dass ein am internen Dateneingang eines Speicherelements anliegendes Signal in Abhängigkeit eines Steuersignals (cn) des Speicherelements – entweder unverändert an den internen Dateneingang des jeweils dahinter angeordneten Speicherelements oder an den Schaltungsausgang weiterleitbar und auf einen oder mehrere interne Dateneingänge eines oder mehrerer davor angeordneter Speicherelemente, insbesondere über XOR-Gatter (XOR'1, XOR'3) rückkoppelbar ist, – oder mit dem jeweils am externen Dateneingang (En) anliegenden Test- oder Diagnosesignal verknüpfbar und der aus dieser Verknüpfung ermittelte Verknüpfungswert an den internen Dateneingang des jeweils dahinter angeordneten Speicherelements oder an den Schaltungsausgang weiterleitbar und auf einen oder mehrere interne Dateneingänge eines oder mehrerer davor angeordneter Speicherelemente, insbesondere über XOR-Gatter (XOR'1, XOR'3) rückkoppelbar ist, – einen Schaltungsausgang (116) zur Ausgabe eines Ausgabewerts, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das steuerbare modifizierte Multi-Input Signaturregister (10–13, 15, 16) eine mit dem Schaltungsausgang (116) verbundene, steuerbare Rückkopplungseinheit (115, 214, 314) aufweist, die so ausgebildet ist, dass der Ausgabewert auf wenigstens einen internen Dateneingang eines Speicherelements rückkoppelbar ist. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/C7NR06463B | Wrinkling Formation In Simply Supported Graphenes Under Tension And Compression Loadings | Wrinkles in supported graphenes can be formed either by uniaxial compression or uniaxial tension beyond a certain critical load depending on the mode of loading. In the first case, the wrinkling direction is normal to the compression axis whereas in tension, wrinkles of the same pattern are formed parallel to the loading direction due to Poisson's (lateral) contraction. Herein we show by direct AFM observations that in simply-supported graphenes such instabilities appear as periodic wrinkles over existing stochastic undulations caused by the underlying-substrate-roughness. The critical strain for the generation of these wrinkles in both tension and compression is less than 1% which particularly for the former is far lower than the predicted tensile strain to fracture of suspended graphene estimated at ∼30%. Based on these findings, a constitutive model that provides the critical tensile strain for induced buckling in the lateral direction is proposed that depends only on the graphene-support interaction and not on the nature of the substrate. Understanding the wrinkling failure of graphenes under strain is of paramount importance as it leads to new threshold limits beyond which the physical-mechanical properties of graphene are impaired. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1999945998 | Bioeconomy potential - focus on Northern Finland | The paper contributes towards improving the understanding over the potential of bioeconomy by focusing on a regional context. The study is realised by applying a combination of PESTEL analysis, resource analysis and analysing true and potential cases with high bioeconomy relevance and potential for substantial commercial volume. Hence, this article combines approaches of strategy development and analyses cases in bioeconomy context with a specific regional perspective. The results provide an overview on the potential of bioeconomy, particularly that of Northern Finland, but also the entire country. The article brings forward sustainability considerations aside from demonstrating the complexity inherent to the topic. Opportunities and potential are demonstrated by presenting case examples. The findings can benefit both the academia and those involved in planning and implementing relevant actions towards bioeconomy - both in general and in the selected setting. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/ismej.2014.116 | Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction | Microbiota have diverse roles in the functioning of their hosts; experiments using model organisms have enabled investigations into these functions. In the model crustacean Daphnia, little knowledge exists about the effect of microbiota on host well being. We assessed the effect of microbiota on Daphnia magna by experimentally depriving animals of their microbiota and comparing their growth, survival and fecundity to that of their bacteria-bearing counterparts. We tested Daphnia coming from both lab-reared parthenogenetic eggs of a single genotype and from genetically diverse field-collected resting eggs. We showed that bacteria-free hosts are smaller, less fecund and have higher mortality than those with microbiota. We also manipulated the association by exposing bacteria-free Daphnia to a single bacterial strain of Aeromonas sp. , and to laboratory environmental bacteria. These experiments further demonstrated that the Daphnia-microbiota system is amenable to manipulation under various experimental conditions. The results of this study have implications for studies of D. magna in ecotoxicology, ecology and environmental genomics. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.3819/CCBR.2018.130008 | Beyond Brain Size Uncovering The Neural Correlates Of Behavioral And Cognitive Specialization | We thank our funders: the Isaac Newton Trust and Leverhulme Trust for a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship to CJL, which funded the workshop on which this article is based; NERC for an Independent Research Fellowship to SHM; the European Research Council (Grant No. 3399933; SAJ); the Royal Society for a Dorothy Hodgkin Research Fellowship to NJB; the Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund (UOC1301; FRC); the National Science Foundation (NSF BCS 1440755; RM); the John Templeton Foundation (AB); and the Templeton World Charity Foundation (AC; Note: The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Templeton World Charity Foundation). | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1109/TNSRE.2013.2285410 | Synthesis Of Walking Sounds For Alleviating Gait Disturbances In Parkinson S Disease | Managing gait disturbances in people with Parkinson's disease is a pressing challenge, as symptoms can contribute to injury and morbidity through an increased risk of falls. While drug-based interventions have limited efficacy in alleviating gait impairments, certain nonpharmacological methods, such as cueing, can also induce transient improvements to gait. The approach adopted here is to use computationally-generated sounds to help guide and improve walking actions. The first method described uses recordings of force data taken from the steps of a healthy adult which in turn were used to synthesize realistic gravel-footstep sounds that represented different spatio-temporal parameters of gait, such as step duration and step length. The second method described involves a novel method of sonifying, in real time, the swing phase of gait using real-time motion-capture data to control a sound synthesis engine. Both approaches explore how simple but rich auditory representations of action based events can be used by people with Parkinson's to guide and improve the quality of their walking, reducing the risk of falls and injury. Studies with Parkinson's disease patients are reported which show positive results for both techniques in reducing step length variability. Potential future directions for how these sound approaches can be used to manage gait disturbances in Parkinson's are also discussed. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2039209312 | Addiction treatment centers' progress in preparing for health care reform | The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is expected to significantly alter addiction treatment service delivery. Researchers designed the Health Reform Readiness Index (HRRI) for addiction treatment organizations to assess their readiness for the PPACA. Four-hundred twenty-seven organizations completed the HRRI throughout a 3-year period, using a four-point scale to rank their readiness on 13 conditions. HRRI results completed during two different time periods (between 10/1/2010-6/30/2011 and 9/1/2011-9/30/2012) were analyzed and compared. Most respondents self-assessed as being in the early stages of preparation for 9 of the 13 conditions. Survey results showed that organizations with annual budgets < $5 million (n=295) were less likely to be prepared for the PPACA than organizations with annual budgets > $5 million (n=132). The HRRI results suggest that the addiction field, and in particular smaller organizations, is not preparing adequately for health care reform; organizations that are making preparations are making only modest gains. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1109/TPEL.2017.2781880 | Train Network Interactions And Stability Evaluation In High Speed Railways Part I Phenomena And Modeling | This paper presents an impedance-based model to systematically investigate the interaction performance of multiple trains and traction network interaction system, aiming to evaluate the serious phenomena, including low-frequency oscillation (LFO), harmonic resonance, and harmonic instability. The train–network interaction mechanism is therefore studied, and one presents a detailed coupling model for investigating the three interactive phenomena and their characteristics, influential factors, analysis methods, and possible mitigation schemes. In Part I of the two-part paper, the measured waveforms of such three phenomena are first characterized to indicate their features and principles. A unified framework of the train–traction network system for investigating the three problems is then presented. In order to reveal the interaction mechanism, all-frequency impedance behaviors of the electric trains and traction network are equally modeled. In which, an impedance-based input behavior of the train is fully investigated with considering available controllers and their parameters in DQ -domain. The entire traction network, including traction transformer, catenary, supply lines, is represented in a frequency-domain nodal matrix. Furthermore, the impedance–frequency responses of both electric train and traction network are measured and validated through frequency scan method. Finally, a generalized train–network simulation and experimental system are conducted for verifying the theoretical results of the two-part paper. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.5140208 | Energy Storage Oscillation Of Metallic Glass Induced By High Intensity Elastic Stimulation | Thermomechanical processing of metallic glasses can, remarkably, induce significant changes in structure and properties, even when the imposed macroscopic strains are well within the elastic regime. The changes can take the glasses to higher-energy “rejuvenated” or lower-energy “aged” states, with rejuvenation being of particular interest as it improves their mechanical properties. It has generally been assumed that the induced property changes would evolve monotonically with the extent of processing. We show that with sufficiently intense ultrasonic elastic processing, the intrinsic structural competition between damage and repair facilitated by increased atomic mobility can lead to oscillatory energy storage. The uncovering of this behavior forces reconsideration about the range of energy states attainable in metallic glasses by elastic deformation and may provide opportunities. Thermomechanical processing of metallic glasses can, remarkably, induce significant changes in structure and properties, even when the imposed macroscopic strains are well within the elastic regime. The changes can take the glasses to higher-energy “rejuvenated” or lower-energy “aged” states, with rejuvenation being of particular interest as it improves their mechanical properties. It has generally been assumed that the induced property changes would evolve monotonically with the extent of processing. We show that with sufficiently intense ultrasonic elastic processing, the intrinsic structural competition between damage and repair facilitated by increased atomic mobility can lead to oscillatory energy storage. The uncovering of this behavior forces reconsideration about the range of energy states attainable in metallic glasses by elastic deformation and may provide opportunities. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s00285-014-0825-4 | The effect of competition on the neutral intraspecific diversity of invasive species | This paper deals with the effect of interspecific competition on the dynamics of neutral genetic diversity in a range-expanding population. The spread of an invasive species in an environment already hosting a resident competitor is described by a traveling wave solution with minimal speed, $$u(t,x)=U(x - c^* \, t)$$u(t,x)=U(x-<sup>c∗</sup>t), of a diffusive Lotka–Volterra competition model. The description of the dynamics of neutral genetic fractions in this wave is based on a decomposition of the wave into several components, as proposed by Roques et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(23):8828–8833, 2012). Our analytical results reveal that the wave can be either the pulled type, corresponding to strong erosion of the diversity, or the pushed type, corresponding to maintenance of the initial diversity. The pulled/pushed nature of the wave depends on the linear or nonlinear nature of the speed $$c^*$$<sup>c∗</sup>. Our results show that, for sufficiently strong competition, the speed is nonlinear, and therefore all of the genetic diversity in the invasive population is maintained. Conversely, in the absence of competition, or when competition is mild, the speed is linear, which means that only the furthest forward fraction in the initial invasive population eventually remains in the colonization front. Our numerical results also show that the sufficient conditions of Lewis et al. (J Math Biol 45(3):219–233, 2002) and Huang (J Dyn Differ Equ 22(2):285–297, 2010) for the linearity of the speed $$c^*$$<sup>c∗</sup> can still be improved, and they show that nonlinear speeds occur across a wide region of the parameter space, providing a counterpoint to recent analytical results suggesting that nonlinear speeds only occur in certain limiting cases. | [
"Mathematics",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
US 2016/0059061 W | Dynamic De-Identification of Healthcare Data | A method for dynamic de-identification of a document includes generating a document including a tag associated with an element including protected health information, the tag including at least one instruction for rendering the element. The method includes identifying a level of authorization of a user requesting access to the generated document. The method includes rendering the document for display to the user according to the at least one instruction in the tag, based on the determined level of authorization. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1090/proc/15121 | The dirichlet problem for nonlocal elliptic operators with C<sup>0,α</sup> exterior data | In this note we study the boundary regularity of solutions to nonlocal Dirichlet problems of the form Lu = 0 in Ω, u = g in RN \ Ω, in non-smooth domains Ω. When g is smooth enough, then it is easy to transform this problem into an homogeneous Dirichlet problem with a bounded right-hand side for which the boundary regularity is well understood. Here, we study the case in which g ∈ C0,α, and establish the optimal Hölder regularity of u up to the boundary. Our results extend previous results of Grubb for C∞ domains Ω. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
EP 2009004902 W | EXTERNAL VIBRATOR HAVING A DISPLAY VISIBLE OUTSIDE THE VIBRATOR HOUSING | The invention relates to an external vibrator (1) wherein a plurality of the operating parameters thereof can be read at a distance from the housing (5) on a display device (4, 7 through 13, 16 through 18). The display device (4, 7 through 13, 16 through 18) has a number of light-emitting diodes (9) disposed at a distance from each other on the housing (5). A magnet (4; 13) coupled to a drive shaft (2) of the external vibrator (1) generates a rotating magnetic field inductively activating the light-emitting diodes (9) in sequence according to the rotational direction of the drive shaft (2). The power supply to the display device (4, 7 through 13, 16 through 18) is completely independent of the power supply to the vibrator motor, whereby the display device (4, 7 through 13, 16 through 18) can be added to any arbitrary external vibrator. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevC.88.014903 | Collective dynamics in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions | We analyze the proton-lead collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider energy of √sNN=5. 02 TeV in the three-stage approach, previously used to successfully describe the relativistic A-A collisions. The approach consists of the early phase, modeled with the Glauber model, the event-by-event viscous 3+1 dimensional (3+1 D) relativistic hydrodynamics, and the statistical hadronization at freeze-out. We show that features typical of collective dynamics, such as the harmonic flow and the ridge structures in the two-particle correlations in relative azimuth and pseudorapidity, may be naturally explained in our framework. In the proton-nucleus system the harmonic flow is generated from an initially event-by-event deformed system and is entirely due to these initial fluctuations. Notably, fluctuations of strength of the initial Glauber sources which yield the observed distribution of hadron multiplicities and, at the same time, lead to correct values of the elliptic flow coefficients both from the two- and four-particle cumulant method, as measured by the ATLAS collaboration. The azimuthally asymmetric flow is not modified significantly when changing the viscosity coefficient, the initial time for the collective expansion, or the initial size of the fireball. The results present an estimate of the collective component in the two-particle correlations measured experimentally. We demonstrate that the harmonic flow coefficients can be experimentally measured with methods based on large rapidity gaps which reduce some of the other sources of correlations. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1021/acscatal.9b04221 | Host-Guest Chemistry Meets Electrocatalysis: Cucurbit[6]uril on a Au Surface as a Hybrid System in CO<inf>2</inf> Reduction | The rational control of forming and stabilizing reaction intermediates to guide specific reaction pathways remains to be a major challenge in electrocatalysis. In this work, we report a surface active-site engineering approach for modulating electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using the macrocycle cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]). A pristine gold surface functionalized with CB[6] nanocavities was studied as a hybrid organic-inorganic model system that utilizes host-guest chemistry to influence the heterogeneous electrocatalytic reaction. The combination of surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy and electrocatalytic experiments in conjunction with theoretical calculations supports capture and reduction of CO2 inside the hydrophobic cavity of CB[6] on the gold surface in aqueous KHCO3 at negative potentials. SEIRA spectroscopic experiments show that the decoration of gold with the supramolecular host CB[6] leads to an increased local CO2 concentration close to the metal interface. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction on a CB[6]-coated gold electrode indicates differences in the specific interactions between CO2 reduction intermediates within and outside the CB[6] molecular cavity, illustrated by a decrease in current density from CO generation, but almost invariant H2 production compared to unfunctionalized gold. The presented methodology and mechanistic insight can guide future design of molecularly engineered catalytic environments through interfacial host-guest chemistry. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s00454-015-9701-2 | Multilevel Polynomial Partitions and Simplified Range Searching | The polynomial partitioning method of Guth and Katz (arXiv:1011. 4105) has numerous applications in discrete and computational geometry. It partitions a given n-point set $$P\subset {\mathbb {R}}^d$$P⊂<sup>Rd</sup> using the zero set Z(f) of a suitable d-variate polynomial f. Applications of this result are often complicated by the problem, “What should be done with the points of P lying within Z(f)?” A natural approach is to partition these points with another polynomial and continue further in a similar manner. So far this has been pursued with limited success—several authors managed to construct and apply a second partitioning polynomial, but further progress has been prevented by technical obstacles. We provide a polynomial partitioning method with up to d polynomials in dimension d, which allows for a complete decomposition of the given point set. We apply it to obtain a new algorithm for the semialgebraic range searching problem. Our algorithm has running time bounds similar to a recent algorithm by Agarwal et al. (SIAM J Comput 42:2039–2062, 2013), but it is simpler both conceptually and technically. While this paper has been in preparation, Basu and Sombra, as well as Fox, Pach, Sheffer, Suk, and Zahl, obtained results concerning polynomial partitions which overlap with ours to some extent. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1097/MCP.0000000000000413 | Small Fiber Neuropathy A Disabling And Underrecognized Syndrome | Purpose of reviewTo discuss cause, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and treatment of small fiber neuropathy (SFN). The diagnosis is difficult and can be easily missed. Recent findingsSFN causes high morbidity with disabling symptoms and impact on quality of life. Patients may benefit from being | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
TW 103141241 A | Polyimide precursor composition, method of manufacturing polyimide, polyimide, polyimide film, and substrate | The present invention relates to a polyimide precursor composition containing a polyimide precursor and an imidazole-based compound, wherein the imidazole-based compound content is less than 4 mol relative to 1 mol of the repeating unit of the polyimide precursor. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2886701022 | Identifying Preferences for Equal College Access, Income, and Income Equality | Revealed preferences for equal college access may be due to beliefs that equal access increases societal income or income equality. To isolate preferences for those goods, we implement an online discrete choice experiment using social statistics generated from true variation among commuting zones. We find that, ceteris paribus, the average income that individuals are willing to sacrifice is (1) $4,984 to increase higher education enrollment by 1 standard deviation (14 percent); (2) $1,168 to decrease rich/poor gaps in higher education enrollment by 1 standard deviation (8 percent); and (3) $2,900 to decrease the 90/10 income inequality ratio by 1 standard deviation (1.66). In addition, we find that political affiliation is an important moderator of preferences for equality. While both Democrats and Republicans are willing to trade over $4,000 to increase higher education enrollment by 1 standard deviation, Democrats are willing to sacrifice nearly three times more income to decrease either rich/poor gaps in higher education enrollment or the 90/10 income inequality ratio by 1 standard deviation. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W2056576747 | Immigration and Employer Transitions for STEM Workers | The firm is almost entirely absent from models of immigration, and yet firms play a central role for high-skilled immigration. The H-1B visa program, for example, is a firm-sponsored entry where firms are responsible for every stage: from identifying the immigrant, to employing them, to filing for permanent residency on behalf of the immigrant. This central role of firms for high-skilled immigration suggests the traditional lens for evaluating the impact of immigration on natives through local area labor markets or national age-education approaches may miss important dynamics. We analyze the employment and wage trajectories of high-skilled workers born in America when a high-skilled immigrant arrives at their work site. We use linked employer-employee data during the 1995-2008 period from the Census Bureau for this exercise, which identifies the immigration status and country-of-birth of workers. We follow the subsequent career path of workers after high-skilled immigration occurs to the employee's work site both within firms (e.g., changes in employee salary, relocation to other sites) and across firms (e.g., movements to new jobs or out of workforce, long-term salary adjustments). The richness and depth of the Census Bureau data allow for multiple comparison points: selection on observables (e.g., age, tenure, salary levels and recent growth), varying immigration treatments across different work sites for the same firm for otherwise comparable employees, and (for a subset of cases and short time period at the end of our sample) randomization in H-1B admission lotteries. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
172894 | Boosting scientific excellence and innovation capacity in biorefineries based on marine resources | The exploitation of the ocean unraveled a huge diversity of organisms producing innovative compounds used as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals and antifoulings. The aim of BLUEandGREEN is to strength the performance of CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, from the low performing Member State Portugal, in the emergent area of marine biotechnology. This will be done by the establishment of a scientific strategy for stepping up and stimulating scientific excellence and innovation capacity in partnership with four internationally-leading counterparts at the EU level: the University of Helsinki, Finland, the University of Bergen, Norway, GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany, and Fundación MEDINA, Spain. BLUEandGREEN scientific strategy includes: to review the latest research and innovation advances in the sector, identify and address institutional network gaps and deficiencies; to raise staff´s research profile and excellence by training and mentoring; to increase stakeholder interaction and mobilization to research and innovation partnerships; to guide research to contribute to economic growth; to deliver a framework for strengthening a long-term research and innovation environment in marine biotechnology. The network enhancement will enforce cluster dynamics in close interaction with industrial partners to contribute to regional, national and EU Blue Growth strategies, especially to marine biotechnology industry. The implementation of brokerage with stakeholders and market-oriented projects will dismantle trade barriers, increase the ways of communication among partners and promote knowledge enhancements and its conversion in business. Being Portugal, especially North Portugal, a peripheral region, this will contribute to the change its economic landscape, giving new opportunities for development and job creation and reinforcing the role of marine biotechnology in the economic development of Europe. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-4614-8896-5 | Ultra-Wideband and 60 GHz Communications for Biomedical Applications | This book investigates the design of devices, systems, and circuits for medical applications using the two recently established frequency bands: ultra-wideband (3. 1-10. 6 GHz) and 60 GHz ISM band. These two bands provide the largest bandwidths available for communication technologies and present many attractive opportunities for medical applications. The applications of these bands in healthcare are wireless body area network (WBAN), medical imaging, biomedical sensing, wearable and implantable devices, fast medical device connectivity, video data transmission, and vital signs monitoring. The recent technological advances and developments proposed or used in medicine based on these two bands are covered. The book introduces possible solutions and design techniques to efficiently implement these systems in medical environment. All individual chapters are written by leading experts in their fields. Contributions by authors are on various applications of ultra-wideband and the 60 GHz ISM band including circuit implementation, UWB and 60 GHz signal transmission around and in- body, antenna design solution, hardware implementation of body sensors, UWB transceiver design, 60 GHz transceiver design, UWB radar for contactless respiratory monitoring, and ultra-wideband based medical Imaging. The book will be a key resource for medical professionals, bio-medical engineers, and graduate and senior undergraduate students in computer, electrical, electronic and biomedical engineering disciplines. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
IB 2012000872 W | COLOURED CONSTRUCTION COMPOSITIONS | A multi-component admixture containing a surfactant which is adapted to provide an interface between hydrophobic toner particles and a hydrophilic cement-based or gypsum-based mix such as concrete or plaster to facilitate homogeneous mixing of the two materials. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
US 2011/0045711 W | POSITIONING VIDEO STREAMS FROM VIDEO CONFERENCING SITES | Implementations disclosed herein relate to positioning video streams from video conferencing sites. Video conference sites may be assigned a position within a display area, and a position for the video stream windows may be determined within the assigned display area for the associated video conference site. A processor may cause the video stream windows to be displayed according to the determined positions. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
EP 2017050559 W | METHOD FOR DETERMINING PERFORMANCE INFORMATION OF A BATTERY OF A MOTOR VEHICLE ON-BOARD POWER SYSTEM THAT IS CONNECTED TO A DIRECT CURRENT CONVERTER, AND MOTOR VEHICLE | The invention relates to a method for determining performance information of a battery (6) of a motor vehicle on-board power system (2) that is connected to a direct current converter (3), wherein the direct current converter (3) is actuated to apply at least one alternating current having a specified frequency to the on-board power system (2) and the performance information is derived from at least one first electrical parameter on an output (12) of the direct current converter (3) on the on-board power system side and at least one second electrical parameter describing the reaction of the battery (6) to the applied alternating current. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP04(2014)075 | Reggeon Field Theory For Large Pomeron Loops | We analyze the range of applicability of the high energy Reggeon Field Theory HRFT derived in (1). We show that this theory is valid as long as at any intermediate value of rapidity η throughout the evolution at least one of the colliding objects is dilute. Importantly, at some values of η the dilute object could be the projectile, while at others it could be the target, so that HRFT does not reduce to either HJIMWLK or HKLWMIJ. When both objects are dense, corrections to the evolution not accounted for in (1) become important. The same limitation applies to other approaches to high energy evolution available today, such as for example (2, 3) and (4-6). We also show that, in its regime of applicability HRFT can be simplified. We derive the simpler version of HRFT and in the large Nc limit rewrite it in terms of the Reggeon creation and annihilation operators. The resulting HRFT is explicitly self dual and provides the generalization of the Pomeron calculus developed in (4-6) by including higher Reggeons in the evolution. It is applicable for description of 'large' Pomeron loops, namely Reggeon graphs where all the splittings occur close in rapidity to one dilute object (projectile), while all the merging close to the other one (target). Additionally we derive, in the same regime expressions for single and double inclusive gluon production (where the gluons are not separated by a large rapidity interval) in terms of the Reggeon degrees of freedom. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201731635 | Constraints on submicrojansky radio number counts based on evolving VLA-COSMOS luminosity functions | We present an investigation of radio luminosity functions (LFs) and number counts based on the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project. The radio-selected sample of 7826 galaxies with robust optical/near-infrared counterparts with excellent photometric coverage allows us to construct the total radio LF since z ~ 5. 7. Using the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, we fit the redshift dependent pure luminosity evolution model to the data and compare it with previously published VLA-COSMOS LFs obtained on individual populations of radio-selected star-forming galaxies and galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei classified on the basis of presence or absence of a radio excess with respect to the star-formation rates derived from the infrared emission. We find they are in excellent agreement, thus showing the reliability of the radio excess method in selecting these two galaxy populations at radio wavelengths. We study radio number counts down to submicrojansky levels drawn from different models of evolving LFs. We show that our evolving LFs are able to reproduce the observed radio sky brightness, even though we rely on extrapolations toward the faint end. Our results also imply that no new radio-emitting galaxy population is present below 1 μJy. Our work suggests that selecting galaxies with radio flux densities between 0. 1 and 10 μJy will yield a star-forming galaxy in 90–95% of the cases with a high percentage of these galaxies existing around a redshift of z ~ 2, thus providing useful constraints for planned surveys with the Square Kilometer Array and its precursors. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.022 | Relating resting-state hemodynamic changes to the variable language profiles in post-stroke aphasia | Linking both structural lesions and the functional integrity of remaining brain tissue to patients’ behavioural profile may be critical in discovering the limits of behavioural recovery post stroke. In the present study, we explored the relationship between temporal hemodynamic changes and language performance in chronic post-stroke aphasia. We collected detailed language and neuropsychological data for 66 patients with chronic (>1 year) post-stroke aphasia. We used principal component analysis to extract their core language-neuropsychological features. From resting-state fMRI scans in 35 patients, we calculated the lag in the time-course of the intact brain voxels in each patient. Finally, variation across the language-cognitive factors was related to both the patients’ structural damage and the time-course changes in each patient's intact tissue. Phonological abilities were correlated with the structural integrity of the left superior temporal, angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus and arcuate fasciculus regions and hemodynamic advance in the left intra-parietal sulcus. Speech fluency related to integrity of premotor regions, plus hemodynamic advance in the left middle/superior temporal gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, and right angular gyrus. Semantic performance reflected a combination of medial ventral temporal lobe status and hemodynamic delay in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus. Finally, executive abilities correlated with hemodynamic delay in the left middle/inferior frontal gyrus, right rolandic operculum, bilateral supplementary motor areas/middle cingulum areas, and bilateral thalamus/caudate. Following stroke, patients’ patterns of chronic language abilities reflects a combination of structural and functional integrity across a distributed network of brain regions. The correlation between hemodynamic changes and behaviours may have clinical importance. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0055340 | The Role of Binocular Disparity in Stereoscopic Images of Objects in the Macaque Anterior Intraparietal Area | Neurons in the macaque Anterior Intraparietal area (AIP) encode depth structure in random-dot stimuli defined by gradients of binocular disparity, but the importance of binocular disparity in real-world objects for AIP neurons is unknown. We investigated the effect of binocular disparity on the responses of AIP neurons to images of real-world objects during passive fixation. We presented stereoscopic images of natural and man-made objects in which the disparity information was congruent or incongruent with disparity gradients present in the real-world objects, and images of the same objects where such gradients were absent. Although more than half of the AIP neurons were significantly affected by binocular disparity, the great majority of AIP neurons remained image selective even in the absence of binocular disparity. AIP neurons tended to prefer stimuli in which the depth information derived from binocular disparity was congruent with the depth information signaled by monocular depth cues, indicating that these monocular depth cues have an influence upon AIP neurons. Finally, in contrast to neurons in the inferior temporal cortex, AIP neurons do not represent images of objects in terms of categories such as animate-inanimate, but utilize representations based upon simple shape features including aspect ratio. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
W2362487333 | Comparison of genetic difference in cultured Pampus populations between China and Kuwait based on COI partial sequences | In order to investigate genetic variance and genetic diversity between China and Kuwait cultured populations of silver pomfret, COI partial sequences were compared and analyzed. By PCR amplification and sequencing, 47 sequences were obtained, and 8 haplotyes were defined. The polymorphic sites in China and Kuwait populations were 4 and 14, respectively. The contents of A+T are higher than G+C in each populations, and both populations showed higher levels of haplotype diversity(0.566~0.643) and lower levels of nucleotide diversity(0.0022~0.0030). Results of NJ phylogenetic tree and genetic distance suggest that cultured pampus in two countries have significant genetic variance, and should be viewed as two different species. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1038/nrm3681 | To be or not to be assembled: Progressing into nuclear actin filaments | The paradigm states that cytoplasmic actin operates as filaments and nuclear actin is mainly monomeric, acting as a scaffold in transcription complexes. However, why should a powerful function of actin, namely polymerization, not be used in the nucleus? Recent progress in the field forces us to rethink this issue, as many actin filament assembly proteins have been linked to nuclear functions and new experimental approaches have provided the first direct visualizations of polymerized nuclear actin. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2971955734 | Barium polyphosphate glasses, from structure to thermochemistry | Abstract In order to understand the effects of BaO addition on the structure and thermochemistry of polyphosphate glasses, a series of vitreous compositions having the formula (100-x)NaPO3-xBaO was investigated with x ranging from 0 to 25 mol%. The glasses were synthesized using the melt quenching technique and reveal a limit of vitrification of 25 mol% of BaO. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and 31P Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance show the depolymerization of the metaphosphate chains, leading to Q1 and Q2 phosphate groups as main structural units together with a smaller average chain length. The substitution of Na2O and P2O5 by BaO increases the density, glass transition and crystallization temperatures indicating the shrinking and reticulation of the polyphosphate network. The enhancement of the chemical durability was related to the strengthening of the glasses towards water attack and the low mobility of the Ba2+ cations. Finally, the microcalorimetric investigations, pursued in 4.5 wt% H3PO4 solution, show a decrease of the dissolution enthalpy. This trend was correlated with the structural modification within the vitreous network and the reduction of the chemical degradability of the glasses. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
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