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10.5194/cp-11-45-2015 | Global sensitivity analysis of the Indian monsoon during the Pleistocene | Abstract. The sensitivity of the Indian monsoon to the full spectrum of climatic conditions experienced during the Pleistocene is estimated using the climate model HadCM3. The methodology follows a global sensitivity analysis based on the emulator approach of Oakley and O'Hagan (2004) implemented following a three-step strategy: (1) development of an experiment plan, designed to efficiently sample a five-dimensional input space spanning Pleistocene astronomical configurations (three parameters), CO2 concentration and a Northern Hemisphere glaciation index; (2) development, calibration and validation of an emulator of HadCM3 in order to estimate the response of the Indian monsoon over the full input space spanned by the experiment design; and (3) estimation and interpreting of sensitivity diagnostics, including sensitivity measures, in order to synthesise the relative importance of input factors on monsoon dynamics, estimate the phase of the monsoon intensity response with respect to that of insolation, and detect potential non-linear phenomena. By focusing on surface temperature, precipitation, mixed-layer depth and sea-surface temperature over the monsoon region during the summer season (June-July-August-September), we show that precession controls the response of four variables: continental temperature in phase with June to July insolation, high glaciation favouring a late-phase response, sea-surface temperature in phase with May insolation, continental precipitation in phase with July insolation, and mixed-layer depth in antiphase with the latter. CO2 variations control temperature variance with an amplitude similar to that of precession. The effect of glaciation is dominated by the albedo forcing, and its effect on precipitation competes with that of precession. Obliquity is a secondary effect, negligible on most variables except sea-surface temperature. It is also shown that orography forcing reduces the glacial cooling, and even has a positive effect on precipitation. As regards the general methodology, it is shown that the emulator provides a powerful approach, not only to express model sensitivity but also to estimate internal variability and detect anomalous simulations. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
184657 | Bacterial adhesion control through surface targeted regulation | Fundamental investigations of bacterial adhesion will create the knowledge base to advance surface engineering approaches.
Directed mutagenesis of adhesin genes in several oral pathogens will be used to create a library of knockout strains. Recombinant adhesins will also be over-expressed in E.coli. Assays will be developed to test the interaction of the resulting strains (wild-type, knockouts, over-expressing E.coli clones) with a range of materials, covering the entire spectrum of surface properties with defined roughness, hydrophobicity, porosity, charge and composition. Adhesion kinetics will be monitored in real time, using flow cells to mimic the shear stress and nutrient exchange on implants in vivo. This will complement plate-based fluorescence adhesion assays, western blotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, and ELISAs. Adhesion trends will be tested with targeted surface modifications in pure and mixed culture, creating a feedback-loop for assay improvement with gradually specialised surface functionalization. The ultimate goal is to develop surfaces that promote the adhesion of host tissue, such as human osteoblast cells or gingival cells, whilst still preventing pathogen adhesion.
Understanding the fundamental interactions of bacteria with surfaces facilitates the transferability of the results from this project to a variety of further applications (e.g. adhesion of electrogens to microbial fuel cell electrodes; antifouling surfaces etc.). My proposal therefore has the potential to be high impact research, and generates the framework for future interdisciplinary projects. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
725613 | The role of minerals in the oceanic carbon cycle | The oceanic carbon cycle is key for regulating the Earth system because, in sediments and seawater, the balance between the degradation and preservation of organic carbon (OC) exerts a first order control on atmospheric CO2 and O2. In sediments, OC is preserved over millions of years, while in seawater, a dissolved form of recalcitrant OC has been recently recognised as critical to OC storage over anthropogenic timescales. Both sedimentary and seawater OC are derived from living organisms, and should therefore be easily degraded. Their persistence is therefore profoundly puzzling. Quite simply we do not know how or why OC is preserved. A long-standing hypothesis suggests that protection of OC inside minerals might account for the vast OC stores preserved in sediments. In a NEW hypothesis, based on recent work by the PI and proposed here for the first time, the interaction of OC with minerals might ALSO account for the even larger stores of dissolved OC preserved in seawater. Together these concepts could revolutionise our understanding of OC degradation and preservation, but the extent to which minerals preserve OC in sediments and seawater is (still) unknown, largely because the mechanisms that control how OC interacts with minerals are almost entirely unconstrained. MINORG will quantify the role of minerals in the preservation of OC for the first time, by combining cutting-edge molecular-level techniques with the first ever comprehensive and fully integrated experimental and modelling campaign, to determine in unprecedented detail the exact mechanisms responsible for the interaction of OC with minerals, and its subsequent degradation and preservation behaviour. MINORG hypothesises that minerals play a MAJOR role in the preservation of OC, in both its sedimentary and seawater forms, and is uniquely poised to test this. This project will majorly contribute to our quantitative understanding of the oceanic carbon cycle, and so to predicting current climate change. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W4210582915 | LA A23 SI RACCONTA: UNA VOCE PER CHI INSEGNA NELLA CLASSE DI CONCORSO DI LINGUA ITALIANA PER DISCENTI DI LINGUA STRANIERA | Malgrado la creazione della classe di concorso A23 abbia rappresentato un riconoscimento istituzionale per l’italiano L2 nella scuola, sembra che rispetto a quanto atteso ben poco sia cambiato. Infatti, pur essendo gli unici insegnanti della scuola italiana che sulla base di titoli ed esperienza possono essere considerati competenti in italiano L2, le e i docenti A23 costituiscono una piccola minoranza del corpo docente in servizio e sono stati assegnati esclusivamente ai CPIA. Visto che i CPIA sono l’unica scuola in cui al momento le e i docenti A23 lavorano, l’evento A023: un confronto di esperienze organizzato in occasione di FIERIDA 2021 è stata un’importante occasione che ha permesso di sondare l’attuale situazione di questa classe di concorso. L’iniziativa, inoltre, oltre a evidenziare problemi e criticità, ha permesso la condivisione di buone pratiche e la proposta di azioni costruttive. Dopo una breve presentazione di FIERIDA e di A023: un confronto di esperienze, il contributo si propone di fare un punto sul ruolo che le e i docenti A23 hanno nei CPIA attraverso le dichiarazioni rilasciate nel corso dell’iniziativa. Sempre grazie alle osservazioni fatte dalla platea partecipante, sono presentate una serie di proposte attuabili e concrete per un migliore impiego della professionalità di questi docenti nei CPIA e nelle scuole secondarie di primo e secondo grado.
 
 A23 tells her story: a voice for those who teach Italian language for foreign language learners
 Although the recruitment of A23 teachers (Lingua italiana per discenti di lingua straniera) can be considered a key moment for the institutional recognition for Italian L2 in school, it seems that very few things have changed compared to what was expected. In fact, even if since the school year 2017/2018 teachers that had successfully completed a structured course on teaching Italian as a second language have been included in the Italian public-school staff, nowadays it is evident that A23 teachers constitute a small minority of the teaching staff in service and have been assigned exclusively to the CPIA. Since the CPIAs are the only school where the A23 teachers currently work, the webinar “A023: un confronto di esperienze” organized during FIERIDA 2021 was an important opportunity that allowed to probe the current situation of these teachers. The webinar not only highlighted problems and criticalities, but also allowed the sharing of good practices and the proposal of constructive actions. After having briefly described FIERIDA and the aims and structure of the webinar, this paper focuses on the role that A23 teachers have in the CPIA. Furthermore, thanks to the observations made by the participating audience, in the second part of the paper we present a series of feasible and concrete proposals aimed to improve the quality of Italian L2 teaching in CPIA. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
741002 | The Dawn of Organic Chemistry | Terrestrial life is based on organic chemistry, on the complex combination of relatively small molecules containing less than 50 atoms of carbon and other elements in smaller quantities. Some of these bricks, notably amino acids, are found in meteoritic and cometary material, a fact (among others) which led the Nobel laureate C. de Duve to conclude that “the seeds of life are universal” and “life is an obligatory manifestation of matter, written into the fabric of the Universe”.
The objective of the DOC project is to understand the dawn of organic chemistry, namely the start of organic chemistry in systems similar to the progenitor of the Solar System, with the ultimate goal to understand how organic chemistry builds up and evolves in these systems and, consequently, to understand how universal the chemical seeds of life are.
To achieve this objective, I propose to build a reliable theory for the organic chemistry in nascent Solar type systems, by combining in a tightly coordinated way new ground-breaking astronomical observations, quantum chemistry computations, astrochemical/chemi-physical models and sophisticated analysis tools. The DOC project is based on (i) a mine of first-class data from already awarded Large Programs at IRAM and from a plethora of smaller proposals at IRAM, ALMA and APEX, (ii) new state-of-the-art quantum chemistry computations to understand astrochemistry reactions at the molecular level, and (iii) models and tools to fully exploit the new data and computations.
My ambition is to provide a reliable theory not only for the astrochemical and the star and planet formation communities, but also for the extragalactic one. Indeed, the new highly sensitive spectral observations from facilities like IRAM, ALMA and, in the future, SKA will inevitably contain lines from many organic molecules. DOC ambition is to ultimately allow us to understand how organic chemistry unfolds in the Universe. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.3389/fimmu.2018.01174 | Sailing to and docking at the immune synapse: Role of tubulin dynamics and molecular motors | The different cytoskeleton systems and their connecting molecular motors move vesicles and intracellular organelles to shape cells. Polarized cells with specialized functions display an exquisite spatio-temporal regulation of both cytoskeletal and organelle arrangements that support their specific tasks. In particular, T cells rapidly change their shape and cellular function through the establishment of cell surface and intracellular polarity in response to a variety of cues. This review focuses on the contribution of the microtubule-based dynein/dynactin motor complex, the tubulin and actin cytoskeletons, and different organelles to the formation of the antigen-driven immune synapse. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1021/jacs.7b10677 | T-SNARE Transmembrane Domain Clustering Modulates Lipid Organization and Membrane Curvature | The t-SNARE complex plays a central role in neuronal fusion. Its components, syntaxin-1 and SNAP25, are largely present in individual clusters and partially colocalize at the presumptive fusion site. How these protein clusters modify local lipid composition and membrane morphology is largely unknown. In this work, using coarse-grained molecular dynamics, the transmembrane domains (TMDs) of t-SNARE complexes are shown to form aggregates leading to formation of lipid nanodomains, which are enriched in cholesterol, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, and gangliosidic lipids. These nano-domains induce membrane curvature that would promote a closer contact between vesicle and plasma membrane. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1364/OE.26.010282 | Colour Computer Generated Holography For Point Clouds Utilizing The Phong Illumination Model | A technique integrating the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is proposed to generate realistic high-quality colour computer-generated holograms (CGHs). We build on prior work, namely a fast computer-generated holography method for point clouds that handles occlusions. We extend the method by integrating the Phong illumination model so that the properties of the objects' surfaces are taken into account to achieve natural light phenomena such as reflections and shadows. Our experiments show that rendering holograms with the proposed algorithm provides realistic looking objects without any noteworthy increase to the computational cost. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.4982220 | Alignment Orientation And Coulomb Explosion Of Difluoroiodobenzene Studied With The Pixel Imaging Mass Spectrometry Pimms Camera | Laser-induced adiabatic alignment and mixed-field orientation of 2,6-difluoroiodobenzene (C6H3F2I) molecules are probed by Coulomb explosion imaging following either near-infrared strong-field ionization or extreme-ultraviolet multi-photon inner-shell ionization using free-electron laser pulses. The resulting photoelectrons and fragment ions are captured by a double-sided velocity map imaging spectrometer and projected onto two position-sensitive detectors. The ion side of the spectrometer is equipped with a pixel imaging mass spectrometry camera, a time-stamping pixelated detector that can record the hit positions and arrival times of up to four ions per pixel per acquisition cycle. Thus, the time-of-flight trace and ion momentum distributions for all fragments can be recorded simultaneously. We show that we can obtain a high degree of one-and three-dimensional alignment and mixed-field orientation and compare the Coulomb explosion process induced at both wavelengths. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1186/s13068-016-0674-z | A polysaccharide utilization locus from Flavobacterium johnsoniae enables conversion of recalcitrant chitin | Background: Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide on earth and as such a great target for bioconversion applications. The phylum Bacteroidetes is one of nature's most ubiquitous bacterial lineages and is essential in the global carbon cycle with many members being highly efficient degraders of complex carbohydrates. However, despite their specialist reputation in carbohydrate conversion, mechanisms for degrading recalcitrant crystalline polysaccharides such as chitin and cellulose are hitherto unknown. Results: Here we describe a complete functional analysis of a novel polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) in the soil Bacteroidete Flavobacterium johnsoniae, tailored for conversion of chitin. The F. johnsoniae chitin utilization locus (ChiUL) consists of eleven contiguous genes encoding carbohydrate capture and transport proteins, enzymes, and a two-component sensor-regulator system. The key chitinase (ChiA) encoded by ChiUL is atypical in terms of known Bacteroidetes-affiliated PUL mechanisms as it is not anchored to the outer cell membrane and consists of multiple catalytic domains. We demonstrate how the extraordinary hydrolytic efficiency of ChiA derives from synergy between its multiple chitinolytic (endo- and exo-acting) and previously unidentified chitin-binding domains. Reverse genetics show that ChiA and PUL-encoded proteins involved in sugar binding, import, and chitin sensing are essential for efficient chitin utilization. Surprisingly, the ChiUL encodes two pairs of SusC/D-like outer membrane proteins. Ligand-binding and structural studies revealed functional differences between the two SusD-like proteins that enhance scavenging of chitin from the environment. The combined results from this study provide insight into the mechanisms employed by Bacteroidetes to degrade recalcitrant polysaccharides and reveal important novel aspects of the PUL paradigm. Conclusions: By combining reverse genetics to map essential PUL genes, structural studies on outer membrane chitin-binding proteins, and enzymology, we provide insight into the mechanisms employed by Bacteroidetes to degrade recalcitrant polysaccharides and introduce a new saccharolytic mechanism used by the phylum Bacteroidetes. The presented discovery and analysis of the ChiUL will greatly benefit future enzyme discovery efforts as well as studies regarding enzymatic intramolecular synergism. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
219436 | Linguistic dimensions of sexual normativity | LIDISNO is the first large-scale research project that analyses the role of language in the discursive formation of sexual normativity. Based on poststructuralist and Queer Linguistic theorisations of language and sexuality as discursively shaped, the project highlights the historical relativity and variability of sexual normativity by adducing empirical linguistic evidence from various time periods. In contrast to earlier work, which has largely postulated sexuality-related discursive shifts without verifying them in larger amounts of linguistic data, LIDISNO uses corpus linguistically informed critical discourse analysis to study the linguistic corollaries of three sexuality-related normative shifts: 1. language use about a person before and after their public coming out, with US Latino pop singer Ricky Martin as a case study, 2. language use to express same-sex experiences pre- vs. post-Stonewall, and 3. sexuality-related language use before and after 1890, i.e. the time of the oft-cited desire-to-identity shift in the conceptualisation of sexuality. Each of these shifts is studied through comparisons of pairs of text corpora pre- and post-dating the respective shift, while drawing on quantitative and qualitative corpus linguistic methods (frequency of sexuality-related features, frequency lists, keyword lists, semantic keyness, concordances, collocations, colligations) with the help of the tools AntConc and Wmatrix. These linguistic analyses are complemented by a comparison of findings across corpus pairs and comparisons with various types of supplementary data (interviews, personal narratives, major English reference corpora). LIDISNO will improve our understanding how linguistic practices shape sexual normativity. Its findings will be used to advance the theorisation of normativity as an analytical tool in critical discourse studies and to devise language policies that foster greater tolerance and inclusion of non-heterosexual individuals. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.immuni.2018.07.004 | The Transcription Factor ZEB2 Is Required to Maintain the Tissue-Specific Identities of Macrophages | Heterogeneity between different macrophage populations has become a defining feature of this lineage. However, the conserved factors defining macrophages remain largely unknown. The transcription factor ZEB2 is best described for its role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition; however, its role within the immune system is only now being elucidated. We show here that Zeb2 expression is a conserved feature of macrophages. Using Clec4f-cre, Itgax-cre, and Fcgr1-cre mice to target five different macrophage populations, we found that loss of ZEB2 resulted in macrophage disappearance from the tissues, coupled with their subsequent replenishment from bone-marrow precursors in open niches. Mechanistically, we found that ZEB2 functioned to maintain the tissue-specific identities of macrophages. In Kupffer cells, ZEB2 achieved this by regulating expression of the transcription factor LXRα removal of which recapitulated the loss of Kupffer cell identity and disappearance. Thus, ZEB2 expression is required in macrophages to preserve their tissue-specific identities. Scott et al. demonstrate that ZEB2 is critical for maintaining the tissue identities of macrophages. Loss of ZEB2 results in tissue-specific changes in different macrophage populations and their subsequent disappearance. In Kupffer cells, ZEB2 maintains LXRα expression, loss of which reproduces the change in Kupffer cell identity and their disappearance. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1021/jz200515d | Evanescent-wave cavity ring-down ellipsometry | We introduce the new technique of evanescent-wave cavity ring-down ellipsometry (EW-CRDE), used for the measurement of ellipsometric angles of samples at a solid-gas or solid-liquid interface, and achieve phase-shift measurements with precision of ∼0. 01°. We demonstrate the technique by measuring the time-dependent refractive index of methanol-water mixtures and thin films at the liquid/fused-silica interface, showing that the monitoring of monolayers on microsecond time scales using EW-CRDE should be achievable. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
886514 | Identification and management of patients at risk – outcome and vascular events in peritoneal dialysis | Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an underused life saving renal replacement therapy for end-stage kidney disease. Nevertheless, PD patients remain at high risk for poor outcome, most notably excessive risk of cardiovascular disease. There is an unmet need for a risk-adjusted individualized PD approach. The IMPROVE-PD consortium provides 15 Early Stage Researchers (ESRs) in 11 partner institutes located in 7 different countries a state-of-the-art, multidisciplinary and intersectoral pan- European training programme including input from academic, clinical and industrial stakeholders. Network-wide and local training activities, individual research projects, intersectoral secondments and short laboratory visits will provide key generic skills and will prepare ESRs for future roles as highly skilled researchers in Europe. Well-phenotyped patient cohorts, and novel experimental models and techniques will be exploited by the ESRs, mentored by an excellent supervisory team, to improve future management of the PD patient at risk. This joint effort encourages productive collaboration between industrial and academic sectors though integrated projects and shared goals. Key findings will be communicated to a broad range of stakeholders through state of the art methods. IMPROVE-PD will give rise to a new generation of experts in PD with outstanding interdisciplinary research skills, intersectoral understanding and with perspective to pursue their careers in this scientific and industrial field. It will enable timely identification of the PD patient at high risk for adverse outcome, develop understanding of underlying pathomechanisms, and within an iterative process between research groups foster the development of innovative approaches to individualized treatment by targeting revealed pathomechanisms. Through these approaches, the ITN will achieve refinement of PD fluids, PD therapy and cardiovascular risk reduction. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.060501 | Should Entanglement Measures be Monogamous or Faithful? | "Is entanglement monogamous?" asks the title of a popular article [B. Terhal, IBM J. Res. Dev. 48, 71 (2004)], celebrating C. H. Bennett's legacy on quantum information theory. While the answer is affirmative in the qualitative sense, the situation is less clear if monogamy is intended as a quantitative limitation on the distribution of bipartite entanglement in a multipartite system, given some particular measure of entanglement. Here, we formalize what it takes for a bipartite measure of entanglement to obey a general quantitative monogamy relation on all quantum states. We then prove that an important class of entanglement measures fail to be monogamous in this general sense of the term, with monogamy violations becoming generic with increasing dimension. In particular, we show that every additive and suitably normalized entanglement measure cannot satisfy any nontrivial general monogamy relation while at the same time faithfully capturing the geometric entanglement structure of the fully antisymmetric state in arbitrary dimension. Nevertheless, monogamy of such entanglement measures can be recovered if one allows for dimension-dependent relations, as we show explicitly with relevant examples. | [
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.063 | Computational analysis of renal artery flow characteristics by modeling aortoplasty and aortic bypass interventions for abdominal aortic coarctation | Objective: Suprarenal abdominal aortic coarctation (SAAC) alters flow and pressure patterns to the kidneys and is often associated with severe angiotensin-mediated hypertension refractory to drug therapy. SAAC is most often treated by a thoracoabdominal bypass (TAB) or patch aortoplasty (PA). It is currently unclear what effect these interventions have on renal flow and pressure waveforms. This study, using retrospective data from a patient with SAAC subjected to a TAB, undertook computational modeling to analyze aortorenal blood flow preoperatively as well as postoperatively after a variety of TAB and PA interventions. Methods: Patient-specific anatomic models were constructed from preoperative computed tomography angiograms of a 9-year-old child with an isolated SAAC. Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations of hemodynamics were performed to analyze preoperative renal flow and pressure waveforms. A parametric study was then performed to examine the hemodynamic impact of different bypass diameters and patch oversizing. Results: Preoperative FSI results documented diastole-dominated renal perfusion with considerable high-frequency disturbances in blood flow and pressure. The postoperative TAB right and left kidney volumes increased by 58% and 79%, respectively, reflecting the increased renal artery blood flows calculated by the FSI analysis. Postoperative increases in systolic flow accompanied decreases in high-frequency disturbances, aortic pressure, and collateral flow after all surgical interventions. In general, lesser degrees of high-frequency disturbances followed PA interventions. High-frequency disturbances were eliminated with the 0% PA in contrast to the 30% and 50% PA oversizing and TAB interventions, in which these flow disturbances remained. Conclusions: Both TAB and PA dramatically improved renal artery flow and pressure waveforms, although disturbed renal waveforms remained in many of the surgical scenarios. Importantly, only the 0% PA oversizing scenario eliminated all high-frequency disturbances, resulting in nearly normal aortorenal blood flow. The study also establishes the relevance of patient-specific computational modeling in planning interventions for the midaortic syndrome. Clinical Relevance: We performed computational fluid dynamics modeling to assess aortorenal blood flow in a child with a suprarenal abdominal aortic coarctation and to test the performance of different surgical interventions. We discovered high-frequency disturbances in the renal arteries that could potentially trigger excessive renin release. Thoracoabdominal bypass and patch aortoplasty with oversizing did not remove these disturbances completely. This could explain why the hypertension cure rates of surgical repair of suprarenal abdominal aortic coarctation are suboptimal. In addition, this study establishes the relevance of computational fluid dynamics modeling as a valuable tool to analyze complex hemodynamics and to test the performance of different surgical interventions. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
787552 | Vaccines as a remedy for antimicrobial resistant bacterial infections | Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is perhaps the most emerging alarm in health. It already causes 700,000 deaths per year and the forecast for 2050 is 10 million deaths, more than cancer today. WHO, UN General Assembly, World Bank, G20, EU, UK and USA governments call for new antibiotics, but the pipeline for new antibiotics is not very promising. Here we propose to use new technologies to develop human monoclonal antibodies and vaccines against three AMR bacteria such as gonococcus, pneumococcus and E.coli. The technology defined as reverse vaccinology 2.0, already successful for viral infections, will be used for bacterial vaccines. Taking advantage of the recent possibility of high throughput cloning of human B cells from convalescent or vaccinated people we aim to find targets difficult or impossible to be discovered using conventional technologies. B cells will be cloned from people convalescent from target infections and from people vaccinated with Men B vaccine which confers some protection against gonococcus. The antibodies produced by the clones will be screened for their ability to bind, intoxicate or kill bacteria using a novel high-throughput microscopy platform that rapidly captures digital images and also with conventional, lower throughput technologies such as bactericidal, opsono-phagocytosis and FACS assays. The selected antibodies, will be expressed as full length and used for passive immunization in animal models and tested for protection in vivo. Finally, those antibodies that will provide the best protection in the above assays, will be used to identify the recognized antigens. Selected antigens will be expressed and tested in vaccine formulations. Fab fragments can be used to make co-crystals with the antigen and determine the crystal structure of the new antigens, for the development of structure-based antigen design. In conclusion we expect to enable development of human monoclonal antibodies and vaccines against AMR. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-017-00486-8 | On-chip single photon filtering and multiplexing in hybrid quantum photonic circuits | Quantum light plays a pivotal role in modern science and future photonic applications. Since the advent of integrated quantum nanophotonics different material platforms based on III-V nanostructures-, colour centers-, and nonlinear waveguides as on-chip light sources have been investigated. Each platform has unique advantages and limitations; however, all implementations face major challenges with filtering of individual quantum states, scalable integration, deterministic multiplexing of selected quantum emitters, and on-chip excitation suppression. Here we overcome all of these challenges with a hybrid and scalable approach, where single III-V quantum emitters are positioned and deterministically integrated in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible photonic circuit. We demonstrate reconfigurable on-chip single-photon filtering and wavelength division multiplexing with a foot print one million times smaller than similar table-top approaches, while offering excitation suppression of more than 95 dB and efficient routing of single photons over a bandwidth of 40 nm. Our work marks an important step to harvest quantum optical technologies' full potential. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
US 2011/0024582 W | METHOD FOR PRODUCING TEMPERATURE RESISTANT NONWOVENS | Temperature resistant multilayer composites, methods for making same, and articles made therefrom. The method can include extruding one or more polyolefm polymers having a MFR from less than 90 dg/min through at least one die having a plurality of nozzles to form a plurality of continuous fibers, at least one die operating at a melt pressure from greater than 500 psi (3447 kPa) to form at least one elastic meltblown layer; adhering the at least one elastic meltblown layer to at least one extensible layer to form a multilayer composite; and at least partially crosslinking the elastic meltblown layer or the extensible layer or both. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1195724060 | Evolution and character of supra-salt faults in the Easternmost Hammerfest Basin, SW Barents Sea | Abstract This study investigates the evolution of supra-salt faults in the Eastern Hammerfest Basin using high–quality seismic reflection data. Traditional techniques of displacement analysis, including the variation of fault displacement (throw) against distance (x), depth (z), expansion and growth indices were adopted. Fault reactivation was assessed using bivariate plots of a) cumulative throw vs. age and b) throw (t) vs. depth of nine (9) representative faults. The interpreted faults are supra-salt crestal and synclinal faults striking NE, E and SE. These faults have complicated t-x and t-z plots and are characterized by considerable stratigraphic thickening in their downthrown section. Faults in the study area have developed over the salt structure since latest Paleozoic times; some of them were reactivated by Early to Middle Triassic through dip linkage of initially isolated fault sets. Along strike, the fault exhibit complex segmentation through coalescence of several subunits linked by local throw/displacement minima. Expansion and growth indices show that the faults of the study area developed during the deposition of Paleozoic to Early Cretaceous sediments by polycyclic growth involving both blind and syn-sedimentary activity. An important piece of information from this study is that fault propagation is controlled by lithological heterogeneity and that both lateral and vertical segmentation of faults are important for hydrocarbon migration within the Triassic to Late Cretaceous interval. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
2726838 | Global mercury observation and training network in support to the minamata convention | With the signing of the UNEP Minamata Convention in 2013, governments have globally accepted that Hg is global relevance and toxic; scientific needs will therefore shift towards best implementation practices of the Convention. With most Hg emissions emanating from the energy-industrial sector this means that governments have to balance economic and environmental interests. How does one asses that balance? Biogeochemical Hg cycling is complex: superimposed on the strongly perturbed inorganic Hg cycle is the natural process of biomethylation that generates the bioaccumulating monomethyl-Hg form that we are all exposed to when we consume fish. Today, comprehensive multimedia models of the biogeochemical Hg cycle are being developed and capture this complexity to try and evaluate the effectiveness of environmental policy scenarios. For the models to work however, they must include realistic descriptions of fundamental Hg transformations and fluxes across Earth’s surface environments. Despite decades of Hg science, we still lack answers to some of the most basic questions on those fundamental Hg transformations and fluxes. The objectives of the GMOS-TRAIN network are (1) to provide urgently needed training in mercury science within the context of the UNEP Minamata convention, and (2) to bridge key knowledge gaps on biogeochemical mercury cycling that currently hamper the optimization of national environmental policy regarding mercury emissions. The process of training a pool of 15 Early Stage Researchers represents an excellent capacity building needed for the implementation of the Minamata Convention. Being trained in highly relevant research topic will enhance researchers career prospective and employability. Moreover, complimentary training in dissemination using Open science principles, communication, exploitation and outreach will enforce the transfer of science results to effective policy making. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms10718 | Large elasto-optic effect and reversible electrochromism in multiferroic BiFeO<inf>3</inf> | The control of optical fields is usually achieved through the electro-optic or acousto-optic effect in single-crystal ferroelectric or polar compounds such as LiNbO 3 or quartz. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in ferroelectric oxide thin film technology - a field which is now a strong driving force in areas such as electronics, spintronics and photovoltaics. Here, we apply epitaxial strain engineering to tune the optical response of BiFeO3 thin films, and find a very large variation of the optical index with strain, corresponding to an effective elasto-optic coefficient larger than that of quartz. We observe a concomitant strain-driven variation in light absorption - reminiscent of piezochromism - which we show can be manipulated by an electric field. This constitutes an electrochromic effect that is reversible, remanent and not driven by defects. These findings broaden the potential of multiferroics towards photonics and thin film acousto-optic devices, and suggest exciting device opportunities arising from the coupling of ferroic, piezoelectric and optical responses. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1007/s40818-017-0030-z | Global Regularity for the 2+1 Dimensional Equivariant Einstein-Wave Map System | In this paper we consider the equivariant 2+1 dimensional Einstein-wave map system and show that if the target satisfies the so called Grillakis condition, then global existence holds. In view of the fact that the 3+1 vacuum Einstein equations with a spacelike translational Killing field reduce to a 2+1 dimensional Einstein-wave map system with target the hyperbolic plane, which in particular satisfies the Grillakis condition, this work proves global existence for the equivariant class of such spacetimes. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1109/JIOT.2015.2439045 | The Internet Of Molecular Things Based On Fret | Molecular devices, which consist of single or a few molecules, are envisioned to perform advanced tasks such as molecular information processing and collaborative sensing/actuating if they are operated in a cooperative manner. To connect these nanoscopic primitive devices with each other and with macroscale networks, and thus, to realize the internet of molecular devices, requires fundamentally different and novel approaches, other than the molecular or electromagnetic nanocommunications. Recently, we proposed and studied the use of Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET), which is a short-range nonradiative energy transfer process between fluorophores, as a high-rate and reliable wireless communication mechanism to connect fluorophore-based photoactive molecular devices. In this paper, we provide an in-depth architectural view of this new communication paradigm with a focus on its peculiarities, fundamental principles, and design requirements by comprehensively surveying the theoretical and experimental positions and ideas. We give an overview of networking opportunities offered by the intrinsic capabilities of fluorophores under the novel concept of Internet of Molecular Things. We present some prospective applications, theoretical modeling approaches, and experimental opportunities, and finally discuss the implementation challenges. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1109/ISIT.2018.8437538 | Fundamental Limits Of Cloud And Cache Aided Interference Management With Multi Antenna Base Stations | In cellular systems, content delivery latency can be minimized by jointly optimizing edge caching, fronthaul transmission from a cloud processor (CP) with access to the content library, and wireless transmission. In this paper, this problem is studied from an information-theoretic viewpoint by making the following practically relevant assumptions: 1) the ENs have multiple antennas; 2) only uncoded fractional caching is allowed; 3) the fronthau llinks are used to send fractions of contents; and 4) the ENs are constrained to use one-shot linear precoding on the wireless channel. Assuming offline caching and focusing on a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) latency performance metric, the proposed caching and delivery policy is shown to be either exactly optimal or optimal within a multiplicative factor of 3/2. The results bring insights into the optimal interplay between edge and cloud processing in fog-aided wireless networks as a function of system resources, including the number of antennas at the ENs, the ENs' cache capacity and the fronthaul capacity. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
884138 | Rev.Ng: a tool for security assessments of emerging and legacy platforms | Cyberattacks are one of the most challenging threats modern societies have to face.
In fact, along with the growth of IT infrastructure, threats against them have been raising too.
While a lot is being done, certain environments, in particular in the IoT area, are receiving little attention by cybersecurity experts.
One of the key reasons for this is the almost total lack of tools to perform security assessments on them.
Specifically, these areas lack reverse engineering tools, which allow analysts to analyze software for which the source code is not available.
The absence of reverse engineering tools makes it extremely hard, if not impossible, to perform security assessments on such platforms.
The reason for this is the dominance of the market leader (turnover 14000000+ EUR in 2017, EBITDA of 13000000+), which has little incentive to innovate in market niches which would justify the investment.
In this proposal, we aim to bring to commercial maturity rev.ng, a tool developed by our company.
rev.ng is the result of a multi-year research effort, with the aim of being able to handle a diverse set of platforms in a unified way.
This approach is radically revolutionary in the reverse engineering field and allows us to target market niches which would not be profitable to our competitors.
Our product has already been validated both by SMEs performing security assessments and large corporations performing large scale analysis of software such as Google.
The goal of this proposal is getting the resources to refine some critical aspects of the feasibility study we already performed, that will lead us to devise the best path to transform our small company, currently mainly focused on consulting, into a scalable company developing a state-of-the-art reverse engineering product. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W4281857948 | Características de usuários de crack quanto à situação de moradia no Nordeste brasileiro, 2011-2013 | We compared sociodemographic characteristics, substance use patterns, sexual behavior, use of health services, and criminal records of homeless vs. domiciled users. Data are from the Brazilian National Survey on Crack Use. A discriminant model and correspondence analysis cross-compared characteristics of users according to their housing status. The logistic model revealed associations between "living in the streets" and female gender and intermittent work. "Homelessness" was also associated with the use of tobacco and "oxi" in the previous 30 days, reliance on soup kitchens, low access to public mental health services, and arrests in the previous year. Correspondence analysis highlighted the spatial proximity of the variables as follows: "having traded sex for drugs", "informal work", "age 31 years or older", "access to public mental health services", "problems with law enforcement", and female gender with homeless crack users. People who smoke crack cocaine in Northeast Brazil are seldom studied. Their profiles, stratified according to their housing conditions, show subgroups with specific characteristics. While domiciled users have access to specialized clinics, homeless users basically reported access to free food and harm reduction services.Objetivou-se comparar características sociodemográficas, padrões de consumo de substâncias, comportamento sexual, utilização de serviços de saúde e envolvimento criminal de usuários, domiciliados e em situação de rua. Dados secundários do Inquérito Nacional sobre Uso do Crack, utilizando análise discriminante e de correspondência para comparar características dos usuários segundo condição de moradia. O modelo final de regressão logística evidenciou associações entre “situação de rua” e ser do sexo feminino, trabalho descontínuo, consumo de tabaco e “oxi” nos últimos 30 dias, uso de serviços de alimentação gratuita, baixo acesso a tratamento e frequentes detenções no último ano. Na análise de correspondência observou-se proximidade no espaço analítico de “troca de sexo por drogas”, “trabalho informal”, “idade” >31 anos, “baixo acesso a CAPS-ad”, “problemas com a justiça criminal” e “sexo feminino” com os usuários de crack desabrigados. Pouco se sabe sobre usuários de crack em contexto na região Nordeste do Brasil. Os resultados evidenciam dois subgrupos com características específicas. Enquanto os domiciliados têm acesso aos serviços de CAPS-ad e outras clínicas especializadas, os usuários em situação de rua relataram, basicamente, acesso a serviços de alimentação gratuita e redução de danos. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
interreg_2445 | Monitoraggio genetico- molecolare dell’avifauna del comprensorio Corsica–Toscana labronica finalizzato alla conservazione e al ripopolamento | The project concerns the „taxa“ which are very important in the economic and social environment of Tuscany and Corsica.
The molecular analysis of different population of àlectoris (partridge) which live in the it is a good occasion to study the genetic bio-diversity of this taxon, monitoring both the partridge on the territory and those that are in captivity in order to have reliable information which will be use by the authority for safeguarding the areas.
The genetic appraisal is conducted with two strategies: Studding the genes of DNA „mitochondriale“; using genetic „marker“.
| [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/ngeo1401 | Intra-Panthalassa Ocean subduction zones revealed by fossil arcs and mantle structure | The vast Panthalassa Ocean once surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea. Subduction has since consumed most of the oceanic plates that formed the ocean floor, so classic plate reconstructions based on magnetic anomalies can be used only to constrain the ocean's history since the Cretaceous period 1,2, and the Triassic-Jurassic plate tectonic evolution of the Panthalassa Ocean remains largely unresolved 3,4. Geological clues come from extinct intra-oceanic volcanic arcs that formed above ancient subduction zones, but have since been accreted to the North American and Asian continental margins 4. Here we compile data on the composition, the timing of formation and accretion, and the present-day locations of these volcanic arcs and show that intra-oceanic subduction zones must have once been situated in a central Panthalassa location in our plate tectonic reconstructions 5-7. To constrain the palaeoposition of the extinct arcs, we correlate them with remnants of subducted slabs that have been identified in the mantle using seismic-wave tomographic models 8,9. We suggest that a series of subduction zones, together called Telkhinia, may have defined two separate palaeo-oceanic plate systems - the Pontus and Thalassa oceans. Our reconstruction provides constraints on the palaeolongitude and tectonic evolution of the Telkhinia subduction zones and Panthalassa Ocean that are crucial for global plate tectonic reconstructions and models of mantle dynamics. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
US 2009/0055617 W | MEMORY DEVICE FOR RESISTANCE-BASED MEMORY APPLICATIONS | In a particular embodiment, a memory device (100) is disclosed that includes a memory cell (226) including a resistance based memory element (228) coupled to an access transistor (230). The access transistor has a first oxide thickness to enable operation of the memory cell at an operating voltage. The memory device also includes a first amplifier (202) configured to couple the memory cell to a supply voltage (Vamp) that is greater than a voltage limit to generate a data signal based on a current through the memory cell. The first amplifier includes a clamp transistor (216) that has a second oxide thickness that is greater than the first oxide thickness. The clamp transistor is configured to prevent the operating voltage at the memory cell from exceeding the voltage limit. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
217600 | Mechanical control of biological function | Mechanical forces transmitted through specific molecular bonds drive biological function, and their understanding and control hold an uncharted potential in oncology, regenerative medicine and biomaterial design. However, this potential has not been realised, because it requires developing and integrating disparate technologies to measure and manipulate mechanical and adhesive properties from the nanometre to the metre scale. We propose to address this challenge by building an interdisciplinary research community with the aim of understanding and controlling cellular mechanics from the molecular to the organism scale. At the nanometric molecular level, we will develop cellular microenvironments enabled by peptidomimetics of cell-cell and cell-matrix ligands, with defined mechanical and adhesive properties that we will dynamically control in time and space trough photo-activation. The properties under force of the molecular bonds involved will be characterized using single-molecule atomic force microscopy and magnetic tweezers. At the cell-to-organ scale, we will combine controlled microenvironments and interfering strategies with the development of techniques to measure and control mechanical forces and adhesion in cells and tissues, and to evaluate their biological response. At the organism scale, we will establish how cellular mechanics can be controlled, by targeting specific adhesive interactions, to impair or abrogate breast tumour progression in a mouse model. At all stages and scales of the project, we will integrate experimental data with multi-scale computational modelling to establish the rules driving biological response to mechanics and adhesion. With this approach, we aim to develop specific therapeutic approaches beyond the current paradigm in breast cancer treatment. Beyond breast cancer, the general principles targeted by our technology will have high applicability in oncology, regenerative medicine and biomaterials. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/j.1600-0498.2012.00258.x | Sword, Shield and Buoys: A history of the NATO sub-committee on oceanographic research, 1959-1973 | In the late 1950s the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) made a major effort to fund collaborative research between its member states. One of the first initiatives following the establishment of the alliance's Science Committee was the creation of a sub-group devoted to marine science: the Sub-committee on Oceanographic Research. This paper explores the history of this organization, charts its trajectory over the 13 years of its existence, and considers its activities in light of NATO's naval defence strategies. In particular it shows how the alliance's naval commands played a key role in the sub-committee's creation due to the importance of oceanographic research in the tracking of enemy submarines. The essay also scrutinizes the reasons behind the committee's dissolution, with a special focus on the changing landscape of scientific collaboration at NATO. The committee's fall maps onto a more profound shift in the alliance's research agenda, including the re-organization of defence research and the rise of environmentalism. | [
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1364/OPTICA.2.000329 | High Fidelity Visualization Of Formation Of Volume Nanogratings In Porous Glass By Femtosecond Laser Irradiation | Formation of self-organized nanogratings in bulk glasses with femtosecond laser pulses is one of the most intriguing phenomena in the interactions of light with transparent materials. With the feature sizes far beyond the optical diffraction limit, these nanostructures have found widespread applications in nanophotonics and nanofluidics. The physics of the phenomenon is still far from being fully understood, largely because of the lack of a technique for noninvasively visualizing the formation of the nanogratings embedded within bulk glasses. Here, we access the snapshots of morphologies in the laser-affected regions in a porous glass that reveal the evolution of the formation of nanogratings with an increasing number of laser pulses. Combined with further theoretical analyses, our observation provides important clues that suggest that excitation of standing plasma waves at the interfaces between areas modified and unmodified by the femtosecond laser irradiation plays a crucial role in promoting the growth of periodic nanogratings. The proposed universal nanostructure growth mechanism involving laser-induced plasma wave formation at the interfaces of the seed structures may tie together many previous observations, meanwhile linking the in-volume nanograting formation to previously discovered mechanisms for surface nanoripple formation. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nature17986 | Competitive growth in a cooperative mammal | In many animal societies where hierarchies govern access to reproduction, the social rank of individuals is related to their age and weight and slow-growing animals may lose their place in breeding queues to younger 'challengers' that grow faster. The threat of being displaced might be expected to favour the evolution of competitive growth strategies, where individuals increase their own rate of growth in response to increases in the growth of potential rivals. Although growth rates have been shown to vary in relation to changes in the social environment in several vertebrates including fish and mammals, it is not yet known whether individuals increase their growth rates in response to increases in the growth of particular reproductive rivals. Here we show that, in wild Kalahari meerkats (Suricata suricatta), subordinates of both sexes respond to experimentally induced increases in the growth of same-sex rivals by raising their own growth rate and food intake. In addition, when individuals acquire dominant status, they show a secondary period of accelerated growth whose magnitude increases if the difference between their own weight and that of the heaviest subordinate of the same sex in their group is small. Our results show that individuals adjust their growth to the size of their closest competitor and raise the possibility that similar plastic responses to the risk of competition may occur in other social mammals, including domestic animals and primates. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2342896904 | Source of the tsunami generated by the 1650 AD eruption of Kolumbo submarine volcano (Aegean Sea, Greece) | The 1650 AD explosive eruption of Kolumbo submarine volcano (Aegean Sea, Greece) generated a destructive tsunami. In this paper we propose a source mechanism of this poorly documented tsunami using both geological investigations and numerical simulations. Sedimentary evidence of the 1650 AD tsunami was found along the coast of Santorini Island at maximum altitudes ranging between 3.5 m a.s.l. (Perissa, southern coast) and 20 m a.s.l. (Monolithos, eastern coast), corresponding to a minimum inundation of 360 and 630 m respectively. Tsunami deposits consist of an irregular 5 to 30 cm thick layer of dark grey sand that overlies pumiceous deposits erupted during the Minoan eruption and are found at depths of 30–50 cm below the surface. Composition of the tsunami sand is similar to the composition of the present-day beach sand but differs from the pumiceous gravelly deposits on which it rests. The spatial distribution of the tsunami deposits was compared to available historical records and to the results of numerical simulations of tsunami inundation. Different source mechanisms were tested: earthquakes, underwater explosions, caldera collapse, and pyroclastic flows. The most probable source of the 1650 AD Kolumbo tsunami is a 250 m high water surface displacement generated by underwater explosion with an energy of ~ 2 × 1016 J at water depths between 20 and 150 m. The tsunamigenic explosion(s) occurred on September 29, 1650 during the transition between submarine and subaerial phases of the eruption. Caldera subsidence is not an efficient tsunami source mechanism as short (and probably unrealistic) collapse durations (< 5 min) are needed. Pyroclastic flows cannot be discarded, but the required flux (106 to 107 m3 · s− 1) is exceptionally high compared to the magnitude of the eruption. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
Q4426451 | Aumentar la competitividad de JG GROUP implementando la innovación de productos y el uso efectivo del diseño | Como parte del proyecto JG GROUP SP.Z O.O. — Planea mejorar el diseño de servicios en la producción de herramientas de corte -diversificación de la producción de la planta, introduciendo nuevos productos y servicios a la producción de: Producción de frezes para el procesamiento de artings y splines en tecnología Skiving+ (fabricación de herramientas de corte adaptadas a las necesidades de la industria) — innovación de productos a nivel de empresa y país. Skiving+ se ha dividido en componentes: Skiving+ Standarized — Productos terminados y Soluciones Especiales Skiving± Servicio de personalización Skiving+ Standarized. La oferta complementará su regeneración. Como parte de la innovación de procesos, se implementará el servicio Skiving+, es decir, Apoyo Innovador del cliente y del Solicitante a través de la herramienta creada en la página web del nuevo producto: Cliente+ y Check Up+. Como parte del proyecto, el solicitante tiene previsto financiar la implementación de los SERVICIOS DORADC relacionados con la implementación de un nuevo producto en el mercado, en el campo de los servicios de diseño y marketing. Planes para comprar las medidas permanentes necesarias para lanzar la producción de un nuevo producto: —Línea de producción multifuncional basada en máquinas CNC de 5 ejes diseñadas para la producción de herramientas de Skiving 1pcs. —Máquina para la medición automática de cortadores redondos con el equipo apropiado y el software 1pcs. La página de producto del nuevo producto junto con un configurador de pedidos, servicio para clientes B2B e integración con el sistema de órdenes de producción.Client+ y Check up+. El solicitante planea contratar para coordinar nuevas actividades, personal competente y comprometido, que contará con el apoyo total de los gerentes de la empresa, incluso para trabajar como gerente de diseño — innovación organizacional y cooperación en el campo del diseño con agencias especializadas. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/1522/1/012003 | Alternative Physics To Understand Wall Turbulence Navier Stokes Equations With Modified Linear Dynamics | Despite the nonlinear nature of wall turbulence, there is evidence that the energy-injection mechanisms sustaining wall turbulence can be ascribed to linear processes. The different scenarios stem from linear stability theory and comprise exponential instabilities from mean-flow inflection points, transient growth from non-normal operators, and parametric instabilities from temporal mean-flow variations, among others. These mechanisms, each potentially capable of leading to the observed turbulence structure, are rooted in simplified theories and conceptual arguments. Whether the flow follows any or a combination of them remains unclear. In the present study, we devise a collection of numerical experiments in which the Navier-Stokes equations are sensibly modified to quantify the role of the different linear mechanisms. This is achieved by direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flows with constrained energy extraction from the streamwise-averaged mean-flow. We demonstrate that (i) transient growth alone is not sufficient to sustain wall turbulence and (ii) the flow remains turbulent when the exponential instabilities are suppressed. On the other hand, we show that (iii) transient growth combined with the parametric instability of the time-varying mean-flow is able to sustain turbulence. | [
"Mathematics",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
786475 | Engineering of Supported Catalytically Active Liquid Metal Solutions | This project deals with a disruptive innovation for engineering heterogeneous catalysts. Materials technologies that promise improved catalytic performance are of utmost interest for a more sustainable chemical industry. Very recently, the applicant and his collaborators have introduced a new paradigm in heterogeneous catalysis, namely the use of Supported Catalytically Active Liquid Metal Solutions (SCALMS) (Nature Chemistry, 2017, DOI:10.1038/nchem.2822). The first account of this new class of catalytic materials demonstrated remarkable reactivity of liquid mixtures of gallium and palladium supported on porous glass, outperforming commercial catalysts in the dehydrogenation of butane with unprecedented high resistance against coke formation.
The project aims at developing these seminal findings into a general methodology for technical heterogeneous catalysis. The applicant and his team are convinced that SCALMS represent a step-change toward catalytic materials with a higher degree of surface uniformity, structural definition, reactivity and robustness. We are fascinated by the fact that the catalytic reaction in SCALMS does not proceed at the surface of solid metal nanoparticles (with their unavoidable irregularities on technical-scale production) but presumably at homogeneously distributed metal atoms in a highly dynamic liquid metal surface. From this fundamental difference, drastically altered electronic and steric properties are expected and may lead to outstanding catalytic performance. To leverage the full potential of this approach, we aim to explore all relevant effects of interface formation, reactant adsorption, and surface reactivity by a combination of synthetic, analytic, reaction engineering and material processing methodologies. We will focus on selected base and precious metals in liquid Ga supported on porous supports and aim to study these materials for alkane dehydrogenation and alkene conversion reactions. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1038/nri3646 | Mechanisms regulating skin immunity and inflammation | Immune responses in the skin are important for host defence against pathogenic microorganisms. However, dysregulated immune reactions can cause chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Extensive crosstalk between the different cellular and microbial components of the skin regulates local immune responses to ensure efficient host defence, to maintain and restore homeostasis, and to prevent chronic disease. In this Review, we discuss recent findings that highlight the complex regulatory networks that control skin immunity, and we provide new paradigms for the mechanisms that regulate skin immune responses in host defence and in chronic inflammation. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1098/rstb.2012.0422 | Is primate tool use special? Chimpanzee and New Caledonian crow compared | The chimpanzee (
Pan troglodytes
) is well-known in both nature and captivity as an impressive maker and user of tools, but recently the New Caledonian crow (
Corvus moneduloides
) has been championed as being equivalent or superior to the ape in elementary technology. I systematically compare the two taxa, going beyond simple presence/absence scoring of tool-using and -making types, on four more precise aspects of material culture: (i) types of associative technology (tools used in combination); (ii) modes of tool making; (iii) modes of tool use; and (iv) functions of tool use. I emphasize tool use in nature, when performance is habitual or customary, rather than in anecdotal or idiosyncratic. On all four measures, the ape shows more variety than does the corvid, especially in modes and functions that go beyond extractive foraging. However, more sustained field research is required on the crows before this contrast is conclusive. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
268729 | APL a model for oncogene-targeted leukemia cure | Acute promyelocytic leukaemia, APL, is probably one of the best-understood malignancies and the only one where highly efficient oncogene-targeted therapies (retinoic acid and arsenic) actually cure the disease. Our recent studies have addressed the molecular basis for transformation and demonstrated the essential role of sumoylation of the PML moiety of PML/RARA, relaxed DNA-binding specificity, binding to RXRA, for both transcriptional repression and transformation in primary cells, uncovering an unexpected level of complexity for in vivo transformation. We have also explored PML nuclear bodies (NB) formation, enigmatic structures that are disrupted by PML/RARA expression, restored by either RA or arsenic and may thus contribute to transformation/response. Exploring the actual basis for therapy response, we have provide some evidence that PML/RARA degradation and loss of leukaemia-initiating cells, rather than differentiation, is key to APL clearance.
We propose to address the following issues: i) genetically uncouple differentiation from APL eradication ii) model transformation and therapy response iii) analyse the regulation and role of PML NBs iv) explore other models where degradation of the driving oncogene may eradicate the disease through loss of LIC activity.
These studies should not only provide a complete model for APL pathogenesis and treatment response, but also open new avenues in the field of PML nuclear body biogenesis and function, as well as transcriptional activation/degradation coupling. The proposed research could provide generally applicable strategies for a variety of malignancies that are similarly driven by fusion proteins. As previously, in the APL and Adult T cell leukaemia models, our studies could also yield new directly clinically applicable therapeutic strategies. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W1927099906 | Synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation of novel oleanolic acid derivatives | Ten novel oleanolic acid (OA) derivatives were synthesized through modifications at positions of A ring and C-28. Inhibitory activities of the oleanolic acid derivatives against SGC7901 and A549 cell lines were evaluated and confirmed by the tetrazolium bromidesalt (MTT) assay. The lab results revealed that all these compounds displayed some antitumor activity against SGC-7901 and A-549 cell lines. Among them, II4 and II5 exhibited excellent antitumor activities against SGC7901 cells and A549 cells, compared with gefitinib. Molecular docking studies have shown that compounds II4 and II5 produce potent antitumor activities by interacting with C-kit receptor through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic bonds. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
225086 | Dancing with giants: dynamics of dwarf satellite galaxies | Giant galaxies like our own are surrounded by a large number of dwarf galaxy satellites that perform a complex orbital dance. Theoretical models predict that this dance should be composed of randomly oriented elliptical orbits, but Milky Way (MW) observations reveal the opposite: most satellites orbit in the same plane and have orbits that are more circular than expected. This discrepancy is a major problem that lacks an answer. It could signal a fundamental breakdown of the current cosmological model or, alternatively, that the MW is very atypical, a 1 in 1000 system. Studies of satellite orbits cannot yet be carried out for other galaxies, so the only option is to examine the MW in more detail. My proposed research will deliver ground-breaking new insights into the anomalous dynamics of satellites, and, through this, uncover the formation history of our galaxy. First, I will investigate the phenomena that give rise to the atypical orbits of the MW satellites. Two key drivers are the accretion of satellites along cosmic web filaments and the geometry of the dark matter halo of the central galaxy. Secondly, using state-of-the-art galaxy formation models, I will perform detailed simulations to predict the distribution of faint satellites and the stellar halo of our galaxy. These contain vital clues to the root cause of the anomalous satellite orbits problem. I will compare the model predictions to MW observations to make an unprecedented test of the current cosmological paradigm. The same simulations are essential to understand how representative are the MW satellites and stellar halo, and thus the extent to which they can be used to test the nature of dark matter and galaxy formation models.
The proposed research combines my two areas of expertise, large scale structure and satellite galaxies, with the world-leading galaxy formation models and simulations of Prof. Schaye's group, and, together, they provide the ideal setting to make this project a major success. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1039/c4gc00004h | Deciphering ‘water-soluble lignocellulose’ obtained by mechanocatalysis: new insights into the chemical processes leading to deep depolymerization | Herein, the chemical nature of the ‘water-soluble beechwood’ is presented, lending in-depth insight into the nature of the chemical processes occurring in the mechanocatalytic depolymerization of lignocellulose. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1039/c6mb00257a | Photo-crosslinking of clinically relevant kinases using H89-derived photo-affinity probes | H89-derived photo-affinity probes can be used to label clinically relevant kinases as well as to screen known and identify novel kinase inhibitors. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
US 2007/0001033 W | SYSTEM AND METHODS OF DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION FOR POST-OPERATION PATIENTS | A method for programming a deep brain stimulator implanted in a target region of a brain of a living subject for optimal stimulation, wherein the deep brain stimulator comprises at least one electrode having a plurality of electrode contacts spaced apart from each other, and any portion of the brain of the living subject is identifiable by a set of corresponding spatial coordinates. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of creating an efficacy atlas in which any spatial coordinates for a position in a target region of the brain of the living subject are related to a position with corresponding atlas coordinates in the efficacy atlas, and each position in the atlas coordinates of the efficacy atlas is associated with an efficacy of stimulation at a corresponding position in the spatial coordinates of the brain of the living subject; acquiring a position of each electrode contact of the at least one electrode in the spatial coordinates of the brain of the living subject; mapping the acquired position of each electrode contact of the at least one electrode in the spatial coordinates of the brain of the living subject onto a corresponding position in the efficacy atlas so as to determine the efficacy of stimulation at the acquired position in the spatial coordinates of the brain of the living subject; and selecting one or more electrode contacts having the highest efficacy for stimulation. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
224526 | Resilient transport infrastructure to extreme events | The overall goal of RESIST is to increase the resilience of seamless transport operation to natural and man-made extreme events, protect the users of the European transport infrastructure and provide optimal information to the operators and users of the transport infrastructure.
The project will address extreme events on critical structures, implemented in the case of bridges and tunnels attacked by all types of extreme physical, natural and man-made incidents, and cyber-attacks. The RESIST technology will be deployed and validated at 2 pilots in real conditions and infrastructures.
RESIST will use risk analyses and leverage and further develop recent exploitable research results in robotics, driving under panic, sensing and communications, to dramatically improve the speed and effectiveness, while reducing the cost, of structural vulnerability assessment, situation awareness, response operations and increased users’ protection under extreme events towards a high level of resilience of the transport infrastructure at 3 levels: a) increased physical resilience of bridges/tunnels by robotic inspection and predictive analytics; b) restoration of services/routes back to normal quickly and permission of a continuous flow of passengers and freight across different modes of transport soon after an extreme event, which will be achieved by rapid and accurate robotic damage assessment after extreme physical events, cyber security solutions, alternative secure and continuous communication under emergency operations (including integration of terrestrial and satellite systems) and increased cross-modal flexibility; c) clear and effective communication of transport operators and users, emergency responders and the public in the vicinity, to minimise the impact of the disruption on people and businesses, by exploiting real-time data, available networks, social media and mobile technologies to allow for real-time emergency information dissemination. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
GB 1342406D A | STABILISED ZIRCONIA AND A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF | 1342406 Zirconia refractory MAGNESIUM ELEKTRON Ltd 28 June 1972 [29 June 1971] 30399/71 Heading C1J A stabilized zirconia body is made by mixing zirconia and a yttria concentrate containing 35 to 70% yttria and the remainder rare earth metal oxides, and having been prepared from a naturally occurring mineral containing yttrium and rare earth metals without isolation of pure yttria, the concentrate being present in an amount to provide at least 3 mol. per cent of yttria plus heavy rare earth (Atomic Nos. 62-71) oxides. The mixture is then calcined from 1 to 10 hours at 900 to 1500 C. The yttria concentrate is preferably dissolved in HCl and added to an aqueous slurry of basic zirconia sulphate, alkali added and the resulting hydroxides washed, dired and calcined. In the examples the following rare earths were present in addition to yttria: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Th. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1186/s13068-018-1074-3 | A novel acetyl xylan esterase enabling complete deacetylation of substituted xylans | Background: Acetylated 4-O-(methyl)glucuronoxylan (GX) is the main hemicellulose in deciduous hardwood, and comprises a β-(1→4)-linked xylopyranosyl (Xylp) backbone substituted by both acetyl groups and α-(1→2)-linked 4-O-methylglucopyranosyluronic acid (MeGlcpA). Whereas enzymes that target singly acetylated Xylp or doubly 2,3-O-acetyl-Xylp have been well characterized, those targeting (2-O-MeGlcpA)3-O-acetyl-Xylp structures in glucuronoxylan have remained elusive. Results: An unclassified carbohydrate esterase (FjoAcXE) was identified as a protein of unknown function from a polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) otherwise comprising carbohydrate-active enzyme families known to target xylan. FjoAcXE was shown to efficiently release acetyl groups from internal (2-O-MeGlcpA)3-O-acetyl-Xylp structures, an activity that has been sought after but lacking in known carbohydrate esterases. FjoAcXE action boosted the activity of α-glucuronidases from families GH67 and GH115 by five and nine times, respectively. Moreover, FjoAcXE activity was not only restricted to GX, but also deacetylated (3-O-Araf)2-O-acetyl-Xylp of feruloylated xylooligomers, confirming the broad substrate range of this new carbohydrate esterase. Conclusion: This study reports the discovery and characterization of the novel carbohydrate esterase, FjoAcXE. In addition to cleaving singly acetylated Xylp, and doubly 2,3-O-acetyl-Xylp, FjoAcXE efficiently cleaves internal 3-O-acetyl-Xylp linkages in (2-O-MeGlcpA)3-O-acetyl-Xylp residues along with densely substituted and branched xylooligomers; activities that until now were missing from the arsenal of enzymes required for xylan conversion. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
294744 | The input of mechanical forces to morphogenesis and wound healing: a systematic dissection | The importance of mechanical forces in biology is well accepted, yet an integrated view of their mode of action in vivo is lacking. We intend to characterize in-depth the physical forces and cellular processes that coordinate the morphogenesis of different cell types contributing to an organ, taking the C. elegans embryo as a paradigm.
We will achieve this by pursuing three axes:
1. Building on our discovery of a hemidesmosome-based mechanotransduction pathway that operates between contracting muscles and epidermal cells, we will combine genetic analysis with single-molecule biophysical methods to address three issues. i) What is the primary mechanosensor responding to tension within hemidesmosomes and how does it work? ii) How are all epidermal targets of muscle tension activated? iii) What is the biophysical mechanism stabilizing epidermal cells between muscle contractions?
2. We will test several features of a finite element model predicting a key role of microtubule-based epidermal stiffness and hydrostatic pressure in elongation. We will combine quantitative mechanical measures with force biosensors and laser ablation to define how these resistive forces contribute to embryo elongation along the anterior-posterior axis.
3. To extend our conclusions to the medical field, we will knockdown homologues of proteins identified in C. elegans, as well as proteins of the same families, in keratinocytes with partially damaged hemidesmosomes. Cells will be submitted to wound assays or grown on a stretchable substrate. Positive hits will be further characterized and tested in mouse models with partially defective hemidesmosomes.
We foresee that this project will identify conserved proteins and processes relaying mechanical forces, and thus shed light on the mechanical basis of morphogenesis. We also expect our work to have strong impact in medicine, since the outcome of many pathologies, including wound healing and cancer, is thought to be strongly influenced by forces. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1186/s13059-016-0996-y | Mitochondrial heteroplasmy in vertebrates using ChIP-sequencing data | Background: Mitochondrial heteroplasmy, the presence of more than one mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variant in a cell or individual, is not as uncommon as previously thought. It is mostly due to the high mutation rate of the mtDNA and limited repair mechanisms present in the mitochondrion. Motivated by mitochondrial diseases, much focus has been placed into studying this phenomenon in human samples and in medical contexts. To place these results in an evolutionary context and to explore general principles of heteroplasmy, we describe an integrated cross-species evaluation of heteroplasmy in mammals that exploits previously reported NGS data. Focusing on ChIP-seq experiments, we developed a novel approach to detect heteroplasmy from the concomitant mitochondrial DNA fraction sequenced in these experiments. Results: We first demonstrate that the sequencing coverage of mtDNA in ChIP-seq experiments is sufficient for heteroplasmy detection. We then describe a novel detection method for accurate detection of heteroplasmies, which also accounts for the error rate of NGS technology. Applying this method to 79 individuals from 16 species resulted in 107 heteroplasmic positions present in a total of 45 individuals. Further analysis revealed that the majority of detected heteroplasmies occur in intergenic regions. Conclusion: In addition to documenting the prevalence of mtDNA in ChIP-seq data, the results of our mitochondrial heteroplasmy detection method suggest that mitochondrial heteroplasmies identified across vertebrates share similar characteristics as found for human heteroplasmies. Although largely consistent with previous studies in individual vertebrates, our integrated cross-species analysis provides valuable insights into the evolutionary dynamics of mitochondrial heteroplasmy. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
CA 2650339 A | AIR-HANDLING LUMINAIRE | An air-handling luminaire comprises a recessed troffer housing having a first pair of opposed walls and a second pair of opposed walls, the housing having a light output opening and a lens extending across the light output opening, at least one of the walls of the first pair of opposed walls and the second pair of opposed walls being substantially vertical and having at least one flow through opening for fluid communication from a volume beneath the recessed troffer housing to a plenum above the recessed troffer housing and, a rail extending from near a lower edge of the recessed troffer housing upwardly within the recessed troffer housing and adjacent the at least one flow through and concealing the at least one flow through opening. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
267631 | BEYOND PLATE TECTONICS | Plate tectonics characterises the complex and dynamic evolution of the outer shell of the Earth in terms of rigid plates. These tectonic plates overlie and interact with the Earth's mantle, which is slowly convecting owing to energy released by the decay of radioactive nuclides in the Earth's interior. Even though links between mantle convection and plate tectonics are becoming more evident, notably through subsurface tomographic images, advances in mineral physics and improved absolute plate motion reference frames, there is still no generally accepted mechanism that consistently explains plate tectonics and mantle convection in one framework. We will integrate plate tectonics into mantle dynamics and develop a theory that explains plate motions quantitatively and dynamically. This requires consistent and detailed reconstructions of plate motions through time (Objective 1).
A new model of plate kinematics will be linked to the mantle with the aid of a new global reference frame based on moving hotspots and on palaeomagnetic data. The global reference frame will be corrected for true polar wander in order to develop a global plate motion reference frame with respect to the mantle back to Pangea (ca. 320 million years) and possibly Gondwana assembly (ca. 550 million years). The resulting plate reconstructions will constitute the input to subduction models that are meant to test the consistency between the reference frame and subduction histories. The final outcome will be a novel global subduction reference frame, to be used to unravel links between the surface and deep Earth (Objective 2). | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1093/jxb/erz353 | Heat stress increases the use of cytosolic pyruvate for isoprene biosynthesis | The increasing occurrence of heatwaves has intensified temperature stress on terrestrial vegetation. Here, we investigate how two contrasting isoprene-emitting tropical species, Ficus benjamina and Pachira aquatica, cope with heat stress and assess the role of internal plant carbon sources for isoprene biosynthesis in relation to thermotolerance. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report isoprene emissions from P. aquatica. We exposed plants to two levels of heat stress and determined the temperature response curves for isoprene and photosynthesis. To assess the use of internal C sources in isoprene biosynthesis, plants were fed with 13C position-labelled pyruvate. F. benjamina was more heat tolerant with higher constitutive isoprene emissions and stronger acclimation to higher temperatures than P. aquatica, which showed higher induced isoprene emissions at elevated temperatures. Under heat stress, both isoprene emissions and the proportion of cytosolic pyruvate allocated into isoprene synthesis increased. This represents a mechanism that P. aquatica, and to a lesser extent F. benjamina, has adopted as an immediate response to sudden increase in heat stress. However, in the long run under prolonged heat, the species with constitutive emissions (F. benjamina) was better adapted, indicating that plants that invest more carbon into protective emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds tend to suffer less from heat stress. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
884315 | Long-Term testing of airtightness to increase energy efficiency in buildings. | The LTT Phase 2 project is designed to address and implement the findings of our Feasibility Study and to enable a rapid and successful commercialisation of our Long-term testing of airtightness (LTT) technology.
Venturigo has developed the only solution in the market capable of monitoring 24/7 how much air, energy and money are leaking in a given building, and to adjust the ventilation system to reduce this leakage by an average of 50%. LTT has x100 lower upfront cost than alternative solutions in the market for improving airtightness, and a 5.8/6.9 months payback period in high-rise residential buildings and large services buildings, respectively, a major advancement over the current state-of-the-art and our unique selling point (USP).
The EC Nearly Zero-Energy Building Strategy 2020 highlights the importance of a sustainable European economy and society based on the efficient use of resources and renewable energy. In this sense, while buildings are now responsible for 40% of energy consumption and 36% of CO2 emissions in the EU, the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive requires all new buildings to be nearly zero-energy by the end of 2020 and all new public buildings by 2018. LTT will help to face these challenges by reducing buildings CO2 emissions by 690,296 tonnes and will offer our clients accumulated energy and cost savings of 1,237 MWh and €203.2m, respectively during the first 5 years of commercialisation according to our 5-years projections.
LTT addresses the large and growing market of technologies for improving energy-efficiency in buildings, which is projected to increase from €163.4bn in 2017 to €259.1bn in 2026 attaining a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.26%. By successfully implementing the LTT project, we expect to create a measurable impact on Venturigo quantified as increased accumulated revenue of €58.3m and profit of €27.0m, creating 29 full time employments in our company and 55 indirect jobs in Europe. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1080/08351813.2016.1126436 | Recruitment Offers Requests And The Organization Of Assistance In Interaction | In this article, we examine methods that participants use to resolve troubles in the realization of practical courses of action. The concept of recruitment is developed to encompass the linguistic and embodied ways in which assistance may be sought—requested or solicited—or in which we come to perceive another’s need and offer or volunteer assistance. We argue that these methods are organized as a continuum, from explicit requests, to practices that elicit offers, to anticipations of need. We further identify a class of subsidiary actions that can precede recruitment and that publicly expose troubles and thereby create opportunities for others to assist. Data are in American and British English. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP01(2019)217 | Neutrino Telescopes As Qcd Microscopes | We present state-of-the-art predictions for the ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrino-nucleus cross-sections in charged- and neutral-current scattering. The calculation is performed in the framework of collinear factorisation at NNLO, extended to include the resummation of small-x BFKL effects. Further improvements are made by accounting for the free-nucleon PDF constraints provided by D-meson data from LHCb and assessing the impact of nuclear corrections and heavy-quark mass effects, which are treated at NLO. The calculations presented here should play an important role in the interpretation of future data from neutrino telescopes such as IceCube and KM3NeT, and highlight the opportunities that astroparticle experiments offer to study the strong interactions. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1002/wics.1330 | Volatility analysis in high-frequency financial data | In this paper we provide a detailed review of univariate and multivariate volatility analysis within the framework of high-frequency financial data setting. The field of volatility modeling and analysis for high-frequency financial data has experienced a rapid development over the past decade. High-frequency financial data pose tremendous challenges on volatility modeling and analysis, such as microstructure noise, non-synchronization, irregularly spaced times between observations, nonstationarity, and jumps. We present models for asset prices and high-frequency financial data. We discuss common volatility estimators such as realized volatility, two-time scale and multi-scale realized volatility estimators, realized kernel volatility estimator and pre-averaging volatility estimator in the univariate setting. For estimating co-volatility, we illustrate data synchronization methods including previous tick, refresh time, and generalized sampling time and present two-time scale and multi-scale realized volatility matrix estimators, realized kernel volatility estimator, and the quasi-maximum likelihood method built on the synchronized data. We also feature pre-averaging volatility and Hayashi-Yoshida estimators which are based on inexplicit data synchronization. We provide detailed formulation and properties for each estimator or method and point out their relationships and differences. Given the recent interests in big data and high-dimensional statistics, large volatility matrix inference approaches are highlighted in the end. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1117/12.2051173 | Implementing Mems Technology For Soft Bio Electronics Interfaces | Soft, bioelectronics interfaces are broadly defined as microfabricated devices with mechanical properties suited to comply with biological tissues. There are many challenges associated with the development of such technology platforms. Simultaneously one must achieve reliable electronic performance, thermal and environmental stability, mechanical compliance, and biocompatibility. Materials and system architecture must be designed such that mechanical integrity and electrical functionality is preserved during fabrication, implementation and use of the interface. Depositing and patterning conventional device materials, ranging from inorganic to organic thin films as well as nanomaterials, directly onto soft elastomeric substrates enable electronic devices with enhanced mechanical flexibility. Success in fabrication also relies on a careful design of the mechanical architecture of the soft interface to minimize mechanical stresses in the most fragile materials. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.visres.2012.06.005 | The effects of cross-sensory attentional demand on subitizing and on mapping number onto space | Various aspects of numerosity judgments, especially subitizing and the mapping of number onto space, depend strongly on attentional resources. Here we use a dual-task paradigm to investigate the effects of cross-sensory attentional demands on visual subitizing and spatial mapping. The results show that subitizing is strongly dependent on attentional resources, far more so than is estimation of higher numerosities. But unlike many other sensory tasks, visual subitizing is equally affected by concurrent attentionally demanding auditory and tactile tasks as it is by visual tasks, suggesting that subitizing may be amodal. Mapping number onto space was also strongly affected by attention, but only when the dual-task was in the visual modality. The non-linearities in numberline mapping under attentional load are well explained by a Bayesian model of central tendency. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.3762/bjnano.4.110 | Dye-doped spheres with plasmonic semi-shells: Lasing modes and scattering at realistic gain levels | We numerically simulate the compensation of absorption, the near-field enhancement as well as the differential far-field scattering cross section for dye-doped polystyrene spheres (radius 195 nm), which are half-covered by a silver layer of 10–40 nm thickness. Such silver capped spheres are interesting candidates for nanoplasmonic lasers, so-called spasers. We find that spasing requires gain levels less than 3. 7 times higher than those in commercially available dye-doped spheres. However, commercially available concentrations are already apt to achieve negative absorption, and to narrow and enhance scattering by higher order modes. Narrowing of the plasmonic modes by gain also makes visible higher order modes, which are normally obscured by the broad spectral features of the lower order modes. We further show that the angular distribution of the far-field scattering of the spasing modes is by no means dipole-like and is very sensitive to the geometry of the structure. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1002/aelm.201800032 | A Sustainable Approach to Flexible Electronics with Zinc-Tin Oxide Thin-Film Transistors | Zinc-tin oxide (ZTO) is widely invoked as a promising indium and gallium-free alternative for amorphous oxide semiconductor based thin-film transistors (TFTs). The main bottleneck of this semiconductor material compared to mainstream indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) is centered in the larger processing temperatures required to achieve acceptable performance (>300 °C), not compatible with low-cost flexible substrates. This work reports for the first time flexible amorphous-ZTO TFTs processed at a maximum temperature of 180 °C. Different aspects are explored to obtain performance levels comparable to IGZO devices at these low processing temperatures, such as hydrogen incorporation during ZTO sputtering and integration with a high-κ multilayer/multicomponent dielectric. Close-to-zero turn-on voltage, field-effect mobility ≈5 cm2 V−1 s−1, and subthreshold slope of 0. 26 V dec−1 are obtained. Stability under negative-bias-illumination stress is dramatically improved with hydrogen incorporation in ZTO and device performance is insensitive to bending under a radius of curvature of 15 mm. Inverters using the ZTO TFTs enable rail-to-rail operation with supply voltage V DD as low as 5 V, while a differential amplifier with positive feedback loop provides a gain of 17 dB and unity gain frequency of 40 kHz, limited by the large gate-to-source and gate-to-drain overlaps used herein. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1002/hep.27233 | Dual role of B7 costimulation in obesity-related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and metabolic dysregulation | The low-grade inflammatory state present in obesity contributes to obesity-related metabolic dysregulation, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and insulin resistance. Intercellular interactions between immune cells or between immune cells and hepatic parenchymal cells contribute to the exacerbation of liver inflammation and steatosis in obesity. The costimulatory molecules, B7. 1 and B7. 2, are important regulators of cell-cell interactions in several immune processes; however, the role of B7 costimulation in obesity-related liver inflammation is unknown. Here, diet-induced obesity (DIO) studies in mice with genetic inactivation of both B7. 1 and B7. 2 (double knockout; DKO) revealed aggravated obesity-related metabolic dysregulation, reduced insulin signalling in the liver and adipose tissue (AT), glucose intolerance, and enhanced progression to steatohepatitis resulting from B7. 1/B7. 2 double deficiency. The metabolic phenotype of B7. 1/B7. 2 double deficiency upon DIO was accompanied by increased hepatic and AT inflammation, associated with largely reduced numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in these organs. In order to assess the role of B7 costimulation in DIO in a non-Treg-lacking environment, we performed antibody (Ab)-mediated inhibition of B7 molecules in wild-type mice in DIO. Antibody-blockade of both B7. 1 and B7. 2 improved the metabolic phenotype of DIO mice, which was linked to amelioration of hepatic steatosis and reduced inflammation in liver and AT. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a dual role of B7 costimulation in the course of obesity-related sequelae, particularly NASH. The genetic inactivation of B7. 1/B7. 2 deteriorates obesity-related liver steatosis and metabolic dysregulation, likely a result of the intrinsic absence of Tregs in these mice, rendering DKO mice a novel murine model of NASH. In contrast, inhibition of B7 costimulation under conditions where Tregs are present may provide a novel therapeutic approach for obesity-related metabolic dysregulation and, especially, NASH. (Hepatology 2014;60:1196-1210). | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1126/science.aam8808 | Locked synchronous rotor motion in a molecular motor | Biological molecular motors translate their local directional motion into ordered movement of other parts of the system to empower controlled mechanical functions. The design of analogous geared systems that couple motion in a directional manner, which is pivotal for molecular machinery operating at the nanoscale, remains highly challenging. Here, we report a molecular rotary motor that translates light-driven unidirectional rotary motion to controlled movement of a connected biaryl rotor. Achieving coupled motion of the distinct parts of this multicomponent mechanical system required precise control of multiple kinetic barriers for isomerization and synchronous motion, resulting in sliding and rotation during a full rotary cycle, with the motor always facing the same face of the rotor. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
223506 | European robotics league plus smart cities robot competitions | Smart cities offer a unique opportunity to demonstrate the benefits of using a variety of robotic applications in different living contexts for all European citizens. SciRoc will call for leading European robotics developers from European companies and research labs to send teams to demonstrate their technologies and systems in high profile competitive demonstrations in a smart city environment.
SciRoc continues to build the European Robotics League; raising interest through public engagement, validating and disseminating new benchmarks, and accelerating development through demonstrating the performance of components and techniques against these benchmarks. Setting competitions based on these benchmarks in the Smart City context drives development towards real societal needs.
SciRoc will offer companies as well as researchers a unique opportunity to demonstrate their systems and technology to a wide public audience in a realistic and believable context, and will foster an informed, fact-based communication about robotics and its societal implications with public stakeholders and the media. The synergy between smart robots and smart cities adds value to both, and showcases the technologies which will shape our living spaces in the near future. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
US 9608435 W | RETRACTABLE BED | A retractable furniture unit, preferably a retractable bed (10) is disclosed having a frame (12), a platform (14) connected to the frame and means for moving (16) the platform between raised and lowered positions. Braces (30) secured to the frame support the platform when in the lowered position, preferably at a height sufficient to permit furniture to be situated thereunder. End members (24a and 24b) inhibit movement of the platform while the platform is in the lowered position. A collapsible desktop may also be secured to the retractable bed. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W2474107595 | Kanaloplastie und transiente Vorderkammerblutung: ein prognostischer Faktor? | An attempt has been made to evaluate transient anterior chamber haemorrhage after canaloplasty.In the period from November 2008 to October 2009 a total of 21 eyes in 17 patients underwent canaloplasty for primary open angle glaucoma in our clinic. At the end of surgery all eyes left the surgical table with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 5 - 10 mmHg and a deep anterior chamber without any bleeding.The IOP on day 1 after surgery was 9.6 mmHg in average. By that time 15 of 21 eyes showed anterior chamber haemorrhage with a hyphaema between 0.5 - 2 mm in height. Eyes without hyphaema showed an IOP of > 15 mmHg at the same time. In no case was there further haemorrhage, the blood was absorbed in all cases within a maximum of 1 week without further complications.In contrast to trabeculectomy, where the natural anterior chamber water outflow is by-passed via an artificial fistula, canaloplasty attempts to re-establish the physiological anterior chamber water draining system by means of a 360 degree viscocanalostomy and a thread mediated dilation of Schlemm's canal and its collector channels. If the anterior chamber pressure temporarily lowers the level of the venous capillary pressure, it is consistent with a patent piping system when a reverse flow with blood reflux into the anterior chamber can be observed as long as a minimal physiological pressure gradient from the anterior chamber in the direction of channel Schlemm's canal has been restored. Thus, in the authors opinion, anterior chamber haemorrhage shows the desired consistency of the water draining system and should therefore logically be expected after each successful operation in all cases where hypotony in the postoperative period occurs. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
2719766 | Safe perception and navigation for autonomous robots | Mobile robotic automation is one of the fastest growing international markets. Applications are spread across a range of verticals including logistics, industrial, agricultural and maintenance industries, driven by the need to reduce costs for European providers to compete with alternatives in lower labour-cost areas.
Furthermore, with the digital transformation of the European economy while the effective workforce is aging and shrinking , there is a significant drive to increase productivity and quality of highly repetitive low-skilled jobs by robotics. The major challenge that impedes growth of the mobile robotics market is the ability to navigate around unmapped territory . Additional factors are high initial cost and public acceptance.
Safe Perception And Navigation for Autonomous Robots proposes a single module for safe and accurate navigation disrupting the mobile robotics market. SPANAR increases the mobile robots utilization potential at a lower cost than existing solution, whilst allowing for increased safety. Its unique combination of sensors and software opens up new markets, allowing for mobile robots in highly dynamic environments, in all-weather conditions, and with combined in- and outdoor functionality. To penetrate global markets, the module is sold to OEMs and tier 1 suppliers of mobile robotics through online sales and distribution. Manufacturing is done inhouse and through trustworthy partners capable of mass-production.
Avular will investigate four sub-markets in this feasibility study: warehousing automation, last-mile delivery, inspection & maintenance, and agricultural robotics. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
2717421 | Cost-Effective and resource-saving smart shower | Showering accounts for 36% of water and 25% of heating consumption in an average European household. In an average 8.5 minutes shower, nearly 80L of warm and relatively clean water goes down the drain wasting also 90% of the energy used to heat the water. These figures, together with the worldwide water scarcity and energy consumption concerns created a market, within the personal water usage segment, for showering solutions that optimise resource consumption while improving the experience of a comfortable shower.
Flow Loop IVS aims to pursue this market opportunity by bringing to market its innovative shower panel (SmartShower) allowing remarkable water (up to 90%), energy (up to 80%) and CO2 emissions (up to 80%) savings. SmartShower is based on a patent pending drain cover allowing retrofit installation, a unique circulation and self-cleaning filter system using standard “off-the-shelf” components, resulting in a solution with outstanding environmental and socio-economic benefits.
SmartShower presents remarkable economic advantages such as lower purchase (up to 50%), installation (70-95%) and maintenance costs resulting in a reduced Total Cost of Ownership (up to 57% in a 5-year period) with a consequential lower ROI (i.e. 3.7 years in comparison with 7.5-8.6 years) when compared to competing solutions).
SmartShower project is expected to significantly enhance Flow Loop's profitability, with expected revenue of €46M and profits of €26M, 5 years after commercialization. Moreover, the successful achievement of SmartShower objectives is expected to assist Europe in achieving ambitious objectives regarding water and energy savings in the household segment.
According to our Business Plan, 5 years after entering the market, SmartShower will enable an average annual saving of 3.8 billion litres of water, 105 million kWh of energy and 30 thousand tonnes in CO2 emissions. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
802891 | Kick-starting global cLimate Investments:uncovering hidden liNks in climate finance and exploring dynamic evolution of investment networKs for policy deSign | LINKS aims to contribute to a transformation of the climate finance system to deliver the scale and quality of investment needed to meet the Paris climate goals and ensure effective capital allocation. By understanding the architecture of the financial system, exploring macro patterns in low-carbon investment emerging from observed investors’ behaviour and interactions, and designing cross-cutting policies aligned with long-term climate targets, LINKS will promote essential guidance for a re-orientation of financial flows towards low-carbon and energy efficiency investments.
LINKS aims to advance the understanding of the role of climate finance to foster the low-carbon transition by using network theory, advanced computational techniques and extensive empirical data to model the financial system as a complex adaptive system. LINKS will thus lay the foundations of, and pioneer a new field, namely climate finance networks, where dynamics of interconnected investors represented as a network, results in the complex behavior of the whole system.
LINKS will bring together interdisciplinary theories and developments in finance, environmental economics, sociology, computer science, network analysis and complexity in an integrated approach to study and model climate finance. Taking this approach will allow advancements in at least three directions: i) a new theoretical approach to account for complexity thinking and systemic perspective in climate finance, ii) more empirical analyses on networks structures of low-carbon investments and their dynamics to shape the development of the climate finance system, iii) policy modelling analyses to explore whether specific architectures of the climate finance system have significant impact on the effectiveness of climate public policies and invested public resources. LINKS will thus deliver robust conclusions on how the financial system could contribute to the required investments to achieve the low-carbon transition. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/nrg2903 | The sociobiology of molecular systems | It is often assumed that molecular systems are designed to maximize the competitive ability of the organism that carries them. In reality, natural selection acts on both cooperative and competitive phenotypes, across multiple scales of biological organization. Here I ask how the potential for social effects in evolution has influenced molecular systems. I discuss a range of phenotypes, from the selfish genetic elements that disrupt genomes, through metabolism, multicellularity and cancer, to behaviour and the organization of animal societies. I argue that the balance between cooperative and competitive evolution has shaped both form and function at the molecular scale. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2544060 | Learning Aided Unary Error Correction Codes For Non Stationary And Unknown Sources | Unary error correction (UEC) codes have recently been proposed for the joint source and channel coding of symbol values that are selected from a set having an infinite cardinality. However, the original UEC scheme requires the knowledge of the source probability distribution, in order to achieve near-capacity operation. This limits the applicability of the UEC scheme, since the source probability distribution is typically non-stationary and is unknown in practice. In this paper, we propose a dynamic version of the UEC scheme, which can learn the unknown source statistics and gradually improve its decoding performance during a transient phase, then dynamically adapt to the non-stationary statistics and maintain reliable near-capacity operation during a steady-state phase, at the cost of only a moderate memory requirement at the decoder. Based on the same learning technique, we also propose two separate source and channel coding benchmarkers, namely, a learning-aided Elias gamma-convolutional code (CC) scheme and a learning-aided arithmetic-CC scheme. The simulation results reveal that our proposed learning-aided UEC scheme outperforms the benchmarkers by up to 0. 85 dB, without requiring any additional decoding complexity or any additional transmission-energy, -bandwidth, or -duration. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1364/OL.39.005224 | 53 W Average Power Few Cycle Fiber Laser System Generating Soft X Rays Up To The Water Window | We report on a few-cycle laser system delivering sub-8-fs pulses with 353 μJ pulse energy and 25 GW of peak power at up to 150 kHz repetition rate. The corresponding average output power is as high as 53 W, which represents the highest average power obtained from any few-cycle laser architecture so far. The combination of both high average and high peak power provides unique opportunities for applications. We demonstrate high harmonic generation up to the water window and record-high photon flux in the soft x-ray spectral region. This tabletop source of high-photon flux soft x rays will, for example, enable coherent diffractive imaging with sub-10-nm resolution in the near future. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2007357346 | Predeformation and Subsequent Annealing—A Way for Controlling Morphology of Carbides in Large Dimensional Bulk Nanocrystalline Fe-Al-Cr Alloy | In this study, a processing route is introduced to control the morphology of carbide and the grain size of nanocrystalline matrix of Fe-Al-Cr alloy. After predeformation followed by annealing treatment, the grain size of nanocrystalline matrix decreased slightly and the Cr7C3 phases transformed from a fiber shape to the globular shape. The yield strength and the flow stress of the alloy increased from 1048 to 1338 MPa and 1150 to 1550 MPa, respectively, while the ductility of the alloy also became better. This proposed method may open a way for controlling the morphology of carbide and the grain size of matrix in bulk nanocrystalline materials to receive higher strength and better plasticity. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1530/EJE-12-0628 | Novel H6Pdh Mutations In Two Girls With Premature Adrenarche Apparent And True Crd Can Be Differentiated By Urinary Steroid Profiling | Context: Inactivating mutations in the enzyme hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH, encoded by H6PD) cause apparent cortisone reductase deficiency (ACRD). H6PDH generates cofactor NADPH for 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11b-HSD1, encoded by HSD11B1) oxo-reductase activity, converting cortisone to cortisol. Inactivating mutations in HSD11B1 cause true cortisone reductase deficiency (CRD). Both ACRD and CRD present with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and adrenal hyperandrogenism. Objective: To describe the clinical, biochemical and molecular characteristics of two additional female children with ACRD and to illustrate the diagnostic value of urinary steroid profiling in identifying and differentiating a total of six ACRD and four CRD cases. Design: Clinical, biochemical and genetic assessment of two female patients presenting during childhood. In addition, results of urinary steroid profiling in a total of ten ACRD/CRD patients were compared to identify distinguishing characteristics. Results: Case 1 was compound heterozygous for R109AfsX3 and a novel P146L missense mutation in H6PD. Case 2 was compound heterozygous for novel nonsense mutations Q325X and Y446X in H6PD. Mutant expression studies confirmed loss of H6PDH activity in both cases. Urinary steroid metabolite profiling by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry suggested ACRD in both cases. In addition, we were able to establish a steroid metabolite signature differentiating ACRD and CRD, providing a basis for genetic diagnosis and future individualised management. Conclusions: Steroid profile analysis of a 24-h urine collection provides a diagnostic method for discriminating between ACRD and CRD. This will provide a useful tool in stratifying unresolved adrenal hyperandrogenism in children with premature adrenarche and adult females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.009 | High-Dimensional Single-Cell Analysis Identifies Organ-Specific Signatures and Conserved NK Cell Subsets in Humans and Mice | Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) involved in antimicrobial and antitumoral responses. Several NK cell subsets have been reported in humans and mice, but their heterogeneity across organs and species remains poorly characterized. We assessed the diversity of human and mouse NK cells by single-cell RNA sequencing on thousands of individual cells isolated from spleen and blood. Unbiased transcriptional clustering revealed two distinct signatures differentiating between splenic and blood NK cells. This analysis at single-cell resolution identified three subpopulations in mouse spleen and four in human spleen, and two subsets each in mouse and human blood. A comparison of transcriptomic profiles within and between species highlighted the similarity of the two major subsets, NK1 and NK2, across organs and species. This unbiased approach provides insight into the biology of NK cells and establishes a rationale for the translation of mouse studies to human physiology and disease. Several NK cell subsets have been reported in humans and mice, but their heterogeneity remains poorly characterized. Using high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq, Crinier et al. provide conserved tissue-specific gene signatures of NK cells from spleen and blood and identified two major NK cell subsets transcriptionally similar across organs and species. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1051/epjconf/20158303008 | Neutron spin echo spectroscopy under 17 T magnetic field at RESEDA | We report proof-of-principle measurements at the neutron resonance spin echo spectrometer RESEDA (MLZ) under large magnetic fields by means of Modulation of IntEnsity with Zero Effort (MIEZE). Our study demonstrates the feasibility of applying strong magnetic fields up to 17 T at the sample while maintaining unchanged sub-μeV resolution. We find that the MIEZE-spin-echo resolution curve remains essentially unchanged as a function of magnetic field up to the highest fields available, promising access to high fields without need for additional fine-tuning of the instrument. This sets the stage for the experimental investigations of subtle field dependent phenomena, such as magnetic field-driven phase transitions in hard and soft condensed matter physics. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1002/2017GL074470 | Mjo Related Tropical Convection Anomalies Lead To More Accurate Stratospheric Vortex Variability In Subseasonal Forecast Models | The effect of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the Northern Hemisphere wintertime stratospheric polar vortex in the period preceding stratospheric sudden warmings is evaluated in operational subseasonal forecasting models. Reforecasts which simulate stronger MJO-related convection in the Tropical West Pacific also simulate enhanced heat flux in the lowermost stratosphere and a more realistic vortex evolution. The time scale on which vortex predictability is enhanced lies between 2 and 4 weeks for nearly all cases. Those stratospheric sudden warmings that were preceded by a strong MJO event are more predictable at ∼20 day leads than stratospheric sudden warmings not preceded by a MJO event. Hence, knowledge of the MJO can contribute to enhanced predictability, at least in a probabilistic sense, of the Northern Hemisphere polar stratosphere. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/imm.12847 | Novel KIR genotypes and gene copy number variations in northeastern Thais | KIR (Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor) variants influence immune responses and are genetic factors in disease susceptibility. Using sequence-specific priming PCR, we have previously described the diversity of KIR genes in term of presence/absence in northeastern Thais (NETs). To provide additional resolution beyond conventional methods, quantitative PCR was applied to determine KIR copy number profiles. Novel expanded and contracted KIR copy number profiles were identified at cumulatively high frequencies. These all comprise haplotypes with duplication (6·9%) or deletion (2·7%) of KIR3DL1/S1 along with adjacent genes. Five expanded KIR profiles comprised haplotypes with duplications of KIR2DP1, 2DL1, 3DP1, 2DL4, 3DL1/S1 and 2DS1/4, whereas two contracted profiles contained only a single copy of KIR3DP1, 3DL1/S1 and 2DL4. Using a KIR haplotype prediction program (KIR Haplotype Identifier), 14% of NET haplotypes carried atypical haplotypes based on the gene copy number data. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1242/dev.164640 | SLAM-ITseq: Sequencing cell type-specific transcriptomes without cell sorting | Cell type-specific transcriptome analysis is an essential tool in understanding biological processes in which diverse types of cells are involved. Although cell isolation methods such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) in combination with transcriptome analysis have widely been used so far, their time-consuming and harsh procedures limit their applications. Here, we report a novel in vivo metabolic RNA sequencing method, SLAM-ITseq, which metabolically labels RNA with 4-thiouracil in a specific cell type in vivo followed by detection through an RNA-seq-based method that specifically distinguishes the thiolated uridine by base conversion. This method has successfully identified the cell type-specific transcriptome in three different tissues: endothelial cells in brain, epithelial cells in intestine, and adipocytes in white adipose tissue. Since this method does not require isolation of cells or RNA prior to the transcriptomic analysis, SLAM-ITseq provides an easy yet accurate snapshot of the transcriptional state in vivo. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
Q108583 | Professional advice for BRANDFATHERS GROUP limited liability company | As part of the project, the Contractor will carry out research and development work aimed at developing a prototype application allowing to generate profits on the Forex market, commodity exchanges and stock exchanges. The application will work on the basis of the new methodology entitled. “New Technical Analysis (NAT)” which, to a much greater extent than the reigning “Technical Analysis” (AT) in the capital markets, makes it possible to generate profits on the Forex market, commodity exchanges and stock exchanges. Part of this new methodology for making profitable transactions is to optimise on-line parameters that appear in NAT, resulting in optimal or quasi-optimal solutions. In practice, this means high return rates at risk below any predetermined size, e.g. 5 %, 10 %, or 15 % of investment capital. The project will be implemented in Mazowieckie voivodship, where there will be access to project documentation and project staff. The advisory services planned in this project will be comprehensive and will include the following elements: —development of a company’s development strategy in connection with the introduction of a new product to the market, -advising services related to the assessment of the financial situation of the company and analysis of the costs and potential revenues in the introduction of innovations, -technology transfer analysis, security advice, -company management advice, reorganisation, -technology advisory, development of the IT system Planned deadline for project implementation: 01.01.2018-30.06.2018. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1038/ng.3149 | The genome sequence of the orchid Phalaenopsis equestris | Orchidaceae, renowned for its spectacular flowers and other reproductive and ecological adaptations, is one of the most diverse plant families. Here we present the genome sequence of the tropical epiphytic orchid Phalaenopsis equestris, a frequently used parent species for orchid breeding. P. equestris is the first plant with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) for which the genome has been sequenced. Our assembled genome contains 29,431 predicted protein-coding genes. We find that contigs likely to be underassembled, owing to heterozygosity, are enriched for genes that might be involved in self-incompatibility pathways. We find evidence for an orchid-specific paleopolyploidy event that preceded the radiation of most orchid clades, and our results suggest that gene duplication might have contributed to the evolution of CAM photosynthesis in P. equestris. Finally, we find expanded and diversified families of MADS-box C/D-class, B-class AP3 and AGL6-class genes, which might contribute to the highly specialized morphology of orchid flowers. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
202881 | Stable isotope investigations on the adaptations of Neolithic husbandry to the diverse climatic and environmental settings of Eastern, Central and Western Europe | Twenty-first century European husbandry results from thousand-year-old experiences. This project aims at giving a historical dimension to the growing questioning on present day herding practices among European consumers. Sheep, goat, cattle and pig were domesticated ca. 8500 cal. BC in the eastern Taurus. From there they spread to most of the Near East and entered Europe at the turn of the 7th millennium BC. They reached the North-western Europe coasts by the beginning of the 5th millennium and colonised the British islands during the 4th and 3rd millennia BC. Whereas domestication of European wild boar could have occurred, European aurochs did not contribute significantly to cattle populations. Sheep and goat do not have wild ancestors in Europe. Most of these animals actually stem from populations transferred from the Near East. The spread of domestic species outside the natural range of occurrence of their wild counterparts, their keeping in environmental settings different from their natural ecological niches, and the will to stimulate milk production in bovines and ovicaprines, imply some modifications in dietary and reproduction behaviours of domestic animals. Neolithic herders developed zootechnical skills to insure survival of their stock and the adaptation of their production strategies to new environments. The objective of this project is to evaluate the environmental and physiological constraints on the adaptation of stock keeping in Europe, and to determine to what extant Neolithic herders could modulate the biological system with technical choices. Landscape use, seasonal foddering, seasonality of birth and duration of lactation will be addressed using stable isotope analysis on animal bone and teeth. The animals stress condition will be assessed through analysis of enamel hypoplasia. The project includes Neolithic sites from Caucasia, Eastern, Central and Western Europe. It will necessitate methodological developments on modern reference skeletons. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2312998561 | Design and Implementation of Hybrid Coaching System based on Web Service for College Career Guidance | Recently, a coaching helps individual to lead and maximize performance. Generally there is a face to face coaching at the current spot of education, and the e-coaching is on the rise. And the face-to-face coaching means that coach and the coachee come face to face directly. And, the effective coaching method is required to supply the weakness and to maximize the strength of the e-coaching using the Internet. Accordingly, we are studying a hybrid coaching to overcome the difficulty and the limit of face-to-face coaching and online coaching. In this paper, we design and implement the career coaching system to provide the face-to-face coaching and the e-coaching for coachee based on the Web service on the Internet. We provide the hybrid coaching using Web service based on the Restful and connect with the database based on the Web to save and manage the profiles and the coaching history of the coach and the coachee. Proposed hybrid coaching system for coachee career improves remote accessibility between the coach and the coachee. This system provides the interaction without the limit of the time and the space, and overcomes the limit of the traditional face-to-face coaching on the online environment. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/C4DT02847C | Cu Bpy P P Containing Light Emitting Electrochemical Cells Improving Performance Through Simple Substitution | Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) containing [Cu(POP)(N^N)][PF6] (POP = bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether, N^N = 6-methyl- or 6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) exhibit luminance and efficiency surpassing previous copper(I)-containing LECs. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
884895 | Real-Time online quality assurance for reuse of water | Water is needed in everything we do in our daily lives from personal use through to production of almost all goods. Water sources are a critical infrastructure and must be maintained and monitored as any negative change in quality can cause dramatic effects.
Water born contamination in drinking, source and recycled water is a serious threat to water infrastructure, consumers, and for industrial process water.
Lack of early detection and warning coupled with random sampling amplifies the unpredicted danger of contamination from bacteria like E. coli and parasites like Cryptosporidium and Giardia.
Contaminated water is a significant threat to industries that depend on use of water in their process and product.
Aqua-Q are an innovative Swedish SME at the forefront of the industry with a core mission of early detection of microbiological contamination in drinking, source and waste water for reuse. We have received the World’s most prestigious environmental National Energy Globe Award 2017 for the outstanding innovative achievement on real-time optical monitoring & sampling solution for quality control of drinking water & water for reuse.
Aqua-Q have designed and created an innovative technological solution AQUATRACK™ for use in water treatment plants and water distribution infrastructure. Our Early Warning System AQUATRACK® is a one of a kind solution. It is a real-time, online early warning system for the monitoring of water quality 24/7. The system is designed to trigger a series of events when a deviation in the baseline ‘fingerprint’ of the water source is detected. Other solutions claiming to be ‘real-time‘ are only triggered by elapsed-time – whereas AQUATRACK® is triggered by exceptional events and can respond with appropriate action within seconds, this can save valuable and critical time when a contamination is detected.
Through commercialisation of AQUATRACK® with our defined early routes to market, we will achieve an ROI of 604% on our 5-yr profits. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1007/s13524-014-0366-x | Potential (Mis)match? Marriage Markets Amidst Sociodemographic Change in India, 2005–2050 | Abstract
We explore the impact of sociodemographic change on marriage patterns in India by examining the hypothetical consequences of applying three sets of marriage pairing propensities—contemporary patterns by age, contemporary patterns by age and education, and changing propensities that allow for greater educational homogamy and reduced educational asymmetries—to future population projections. Future population prospects for India indicate three trends that will impact marriage patterns: (1) female deficit in sex ratios at birth; (2) declining birth cohort size; (3) female educational expansion. Existing literature posits declining marriage rates for men arising from skewed sex ratios at birth (SRBs) in India’s population. In addition to skewed SRBs, India’s population will experience female educational expansion in the coming decades. Female educational expansion and its impact on marriage patterns must be jointly considered with demographic changes, given educational differences and asymmetries in union formation that exist in India, as across much of the world. We systematize contemporary pairing propensities using data from the 2005–2006 Indian National Family Health Survey and the 2004 Socio-Economic Survey and apply these and the third set of changing propensities to multistate population projections by educational attainment using an iterative longitudinal projection procedure. If today’s age patterns of marriage are viewed against age/sex population composition until 2050, men experience declining marriage prevalence. However, when education is included, women—particularly those with higher education—experience a more salient rise in nonmarriage. Significant changes in pairing patterns toward greater levels of educational homogamy and gender symmetry can counteract a marked rise in nonmarriage. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1142/S0217751X15300549 | Review Of Lattice Supersymmetry And Gauge Gravity Duality | We review the status of recent investigations on validating the gauge-gravity duality conjecture through numerical simulations of strongly coupled maximally supersymmetric thermal gauge theories. In the simplest setting, the gauge-gravity duality connects systems of D0-branes and black hole geometries at finite temperature to maximally supersymmetric gauged quantum mechanics at the same temperature. Recent simulations show that nonperturbative gauge theory results give excellent agreement with the quantum gravity predictions, thus proving strong evidence for the validity of the duality conjecture and more insight into quantum black holes and gravity. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
220017 | Tracking and predicting neurodegeneration spreading across the brain connectome | Current knowledge of neurodegenerative diseases is limited by poor understanding of how they progress through the central nervous system (CNS). It has recently been hypothesized that clinical progression in these conditions involves the systematic spreading of protein misfolding along neuronal pathways. Protein aggregates would trigger misfolding of adjacent homologue proteins in newly-affected regions, and this would propagate in a “prion-like” fashion across anatomical connections. This proposal seeks to decipher the mechanisms of network-based neurodegeneration by understanding how the complex architecture of brain networks (the connectome) shapes the evolving pathology of neurodegenerative diseases, and to develop tools for monitoring disease progression from presymptomatic to later stages of the disease.
NeuroTRACK will apply emerging network science tools to longitudinal, structural and functional brain connectivity 3T magnetic resonance imaging data from patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) – a devastating, relentlessly progressive, young onset, neurodegenerative disorder. The study will involve both sporadic and familial cases, including presymptomatic gene mutation carriers. The proposal addresses the following fundamental questions: i) How and where does pathological protein propagation occur in the FTLD phenotypes? ii) Can pathological spreading be predicted from brain connectome fingerprinting? iii) How do different protein abnormalities translate into large-scale network degeneration? iv) How early are brain network changes detectable in the (even presymptomatic) course of the disease?
The ground-breaking nature of the experiments planned in this proposal will pave the way to the development of novel tools for understanding the biological underpinnings of other CNS proteinopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, and to identifying individualized, early interventions to modify disease progression. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
FR 2012052856 W | AGRICULTURAL FACILITY FOR CULTIVATING PLANTS OR BREEDING PRODUCTION ANIMALS USING A GREENHOUSE THAT CAN STORE AND RELEASE HEAT ENERGY FROM THE SUN | The plant cultivation facility is characterised in particular in that it uses: a greenhouse (1) comprising a light-transparent roof (3) mounted on a load-bearing framework formed by roof bows (10) implanted in the ground and stringers (11) connecting the roof bows to one another; earth tubes (4) installed in the ground under the internal space of the greenhouse (1), said earth tubes being in a heat exchange relationship with the internal space of the greenhouse; optionally a heat-storage capacitor (5) distributed around the earth tubes (4) and in a heat exchange relationship therewith; and at least one circulation means (6) allowing air to flow between the greenhouse (1) and the earth tubes. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1214/16-AAP1191 | Optimal Skorokhod Embedding Given Full Marginals And Azema Yor Peacocks | We consider the optimal Skorokhod embedding problem (SEP) given full marginals over the time interval $[0,1]$. The problem is related to the study of extremal martingales associated with a peacock (“process increasing in convex order,” by Hirsch, Profeta, Roynette and Yor [Peacocks and Associated Martingales, with Explicit Constructions (2011), Springer, Milan]). A general duality result is obtained by convergence techniques. We then study the case where the reward function depends on the maximum of the embedding process, which is the limit of the martingale transport problem studied in Henry-Labordere, Obloj, Spoida and Touzi [Ann. Appl. Probab. 26 (2016) 1–44]. Under technical conditions, we then characterize the optimal value and the solution to the dual problem. In particular, the optimal embedding corresponds to the Madan and Yor [Bernoulli 8 (2002) 509–536] peacock under their “increasing mean residual value” condition. We also discuss the associated martingale inequality. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.febslet.2012.04.046 | Ubiquitination and phosphorylation of Beclin 1 and its binding partners: Tuning class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and tumor suppression | The class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K-III) complex and its phosphorylated lipid product phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) control the three topologically related membrane-involution processes autophagy, endocytosis, and cytokinesis. The activity of the catalytic unit of PI3K-III complex, the Vacuolar sorting protein 34 (VPS34), depends on the membrane targeting unit Vacuolar sorting protein 15 (VPS15), and the tumor suppressor protein Beclin 1. It is established that the overall activity of VPS34 is positively regulated by Beclin 1, whose positive influence is further controlled through the association with a set of Beclin1 interacting components, which stimulate or inhibit VPS34. The interaction between Beclin 1 and Beclin 1-associated components are controllable and is regulated by phosphorylation in a context-dependent manner. Here, we focus on an emerging concept whereby the activity of the PI3K-III complex is controlled by ubiquitination of Beclin 1 or Beclin 1-associated molecules. In summary, at least three different ubiquitin ligases can affect the positive regulatory function of Beclin 1 towards VPS34, suggesting that ubiquitination is an important and physiologically relevant event in tuning the tumor suppressor function of Beclin 1. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1177/0049124114544225 | Heuristics Interactions And Status Hierarchies An Agent Based Model Of Deference Exchange | Since Merton’s classical analysis of cumulative advantage in science, it has been observed that status hierarchies display a sizable disconnect between actors’ quality and rank and that they become. . . | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W594303376 | First world, first nations : internal colonialism and indigenous self-determination in Northern Europe and Australia | Introduction The Development of Sami Rights in Norway from 1980 to 2007 The Norwegian Sami Parliament & Sami Political Empowerment Indigenous Representative Bodies in Northern Europe & Australia Principles & Practice in Finnish National Policies Towards the Sami People Russia's Sami: The Search for Autonomy in the Kola Peninsula Internal Colonialism in Australia Wiradjuri: Revival & Survival Poverty Alleviation in Remote Indigenous Australia Sami Lands & Indigenous Australian Lands: Some Comparative Perspectives Arctic to Outback: Indigenous Rights, Conservation & Tourism Making Places & Polities: Indigenous Uses of Cultural Heritage Legislation in Australia & Norway Learning the Political Power Play of Survival Ethnic Discrimination & Bullying in Norway The Woggan-ma-gule Morning Ceremony Commemorating the Treaty of Waitangi Index. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1175/2010BAMS2797.1 | The Nature Theory And Modeling Of Atmospheric Planetary Boundary Layers | This work was sponsored by
NATO Programme No. 982062, “Security through Science. ”
Additional support came from the Croatian Meteorological
and Hydrological Service (CMHS), the Danish Meteorological
Institute (DMI), the Finnish Meteorological Institute
(FMI), the Croatian Ministry of Science, and the EU Marie
Curie Chair Project MEXC-CT-2003-509742 on “Theory,
Modelling, and Roles in Earth Systems. ” | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1063/1.5086280 | Leap-frog transport of magnetically driven anisotropic colloidal rotors | In this article, we combine experiments and theory to investigate the transport properties of anisotropic hematite colloidal rotors that dynamically assemble into translating clusters upon application of a rotating magnetic field. The applied field exerts a torque to the particles forcing rotation close to a surface and thus a net translational motion at a frequency tunable speed. When approaching, pairs of particles are observed to assemble into stable three-dimensional clusters that perform a periodic leap-frog type dynamics and propel at a faster speed. We analyze the cluster formation and its lifetime and investigate the role of particle shape in the propulsion speed and stability. We show that the dynamics of the system results from a delicate balance between magnetic dipolar interactions and hydrodynamics, and we introduce a theoretical model that qualitatively explains the observed phenomena. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W1974900872 | PARTICLE ACCELERATION AT QUASI-PARALLEL SHOCK WAVES: THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS AT 1 AU | In this paper, we describe a theoretical model for accelerating an arbitrary upstream particle distribution. Only those particles that exceed a prescribed injection energy, E inj, are accelerated via the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) mechanism, also known as first-order Fermi acceleration. We identify a set of quasi-parallel shocks at 1 AU and use the observed solar wind particle distribution information to construct our upstream distribution, which is then accelerated diffusively at the shock, assuming the observed shock parameters. The injection energy for particles to be accelerated diffusively at a quasi-parallel shock is discussed theoretically. By using the observed upstream solar wind distribution function and the observed shock parameters, we can compute the injection energy that matches the observed downstream accelerated particle spectrum. Like the previous studies of van Nes et al., Lario et al., and Ho et al., this analysis focuses on the acceleration of protons only via the first-order Fermi acceleration mechanism. However, our primary focus is on quasi-parallel shocks and the injection mechanism in the context of DSA with a background thermal solar wind modeled as a Maxwellian or kappa distribution. Our approach allows for a direct test of injection at interplanetary shocks. It has been proposed that an additional seed population of energetic particles is needed to explain the accelerated particle distribution downstream of quasi-parallel shocks. This conclusion is based typically on studies that address the acceleration of heavy ions primarily and do not characterize the injection of protons alone using the DSA mechanism. Through comparisons of Maxwellian and kappa upstream distributions, we find that DSA with injection directly from a thermal Maxwellian distribution, or weak departures therefrom, for protons is responsible for energetic solar particle events associated with quasi-parallel shocks. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
W2041014034 | Dynamics of variable-length tethers with application to tethered satellite deployment | Abstract The dynamics of variable-length tethers are studied using a flexible multibody dynamics method. The governing equations of the tethers are derived using a new, hybrid Eulerian and Lagrangian framework, by which the mass flow at a boundary of a tether and the length variation of a tether element are accounted for. The variable-length tether element based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation is developed to simulate the deployment of satellite tethers. The coupled dynamic equations of tethers and satellites are obtained using the Lagrangian multiplier method. Several tethered satellite systems involving large displacements, rotations, and deformations are numerically simulated, where the tethers are released from several meters to about 1 km. A control strategy is proposed to avoid slackness of the tethers during deployment. The accuracy of the modeling and solution procedures was validated on an elevator model. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1080/03098265.2016.1141397 | Co Producing Mobilities Negotiating Geographical Knowledge In A Conference Session On The Move | In an experimental session entitled Co-Producing Mobilities held at the 2014 Royal Geographical Society-Institute of British Geographers Annual Conference, 20 mobility scholars travelled around London on foot, by bus and by Tube to investigate how mobilities could be considered co-produced. In this paper, 18 participants reflect on this collaborative experiment and on how it influenced their thinking about mobilities, geographical knowledge and pedagogy. Contributions cast light on the function of conferences and the multiple forms of pedagogy they enable, and provide guiding resources for those now wanting to continue such experiments. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1145/3167100 | Formal Microeconomic Foundations And The First Welfare Theorem | Economic activity has always been a fundamental part of society. With recent social and political changes economics has gained even more influence on our lives. In this paper we formalize two economic models in Isabelle/HOL: the pure exchange economy, where the only economic actors are consumers, as well as a version of the Arrow-Debreu Model, a private ownership economy, which includes production facilities. Interestingly, the definitions of various components of the economic models differ in the economic literature. We therefore show the equivalences and implications between various presentations, which allows us to create an extensible foundation for formalizing microeconomics and game theory compatible with multiple economic theories. We prove the First Theorem of Welfare Economics in both economic models. The theorem is the mathematical formulation of Adam Smith’s famous invisible hand and states that a group of self-interested and rational actors will eventually achieve an efficient allocation of goods. The formal proofs allow us to find more precise assumptions than those found in the economic literature. | [
"Mathematics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
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