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10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134310 | Targeting microglia with lentivirus and AAV: Recent advances and remaining challenges | Microglia have emerged as a critical component of neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic manipulation of microglia can elucidate their functional impact in disease. In neuroscience, recombinant viruses such as lentiviruses and adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have been successfully used to target various cell types in the brain, although effective transduction of microglia is rare. In this review, we provide a short background of lentiviruses and AAVs, and strategies for designing recombinant viral vectors. Then, we will summarize recent literature on successful microglial transductions in vitro and in vivo, and discuss the current challenges. Finally, we provide guidelines for reporting the efficiency and specificity of viral targeting in microglia, which will enable the microglial research community to assess and improve methodologies for future studies. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1976266524 | Policy Dynamics and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Ghana: What Are the Lessons for West African Countries? | Unlike most West African countries, Ghana has recently attracted significant flows of foreign direct investment (FDI). This article examines why Ghana attracts more FDI than its West African counterparts and how Ghana has improved its FDI attractiveness. To do so, the article uses statistical analysis to investigate the dynamics of FDI policy-related factors in Ghana and compares Ghana's performance with West African countries' average performance. The results show that over time and compared with West Africa's average situation, Ghana has improved its level of openness to international markets, human capital, infrastructure, political stability, and quality of institutions. These results may explain Ghana's recent improved performance in attracting FDI, and they suggest that improving the aforementioned factors may attract more FDI to Ghana and its neighbors. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1093/mnras/stz3351 | Tomographic measurement of the intergalactic gas pressure through galaxy–tSZ cross-correlations | ABSTRACT
We cross-correlate maps of the thermal Sunyaev–Zeldovich (tSZ) Compton-y parameter published by Planck with the projected distribution of galaxies in a set of low-redshift tomographic bins. We use the nearly full-sky 2MASS Photometric Redshift and WISE × SuperCOSMOS public catalogues, covering the redshift range z ≲ 0. 4. Our measurements allow us to place constraints on the redshift dependence of the mass–observable relation for tSZ cluster count analyses in terms of the so-called hydrostatic mass bias parameter $1-b_{\scriptscriptstyle \rm H}$. These results can also be interpreted as measurements of the bias-weighted average gas pressure 〈bPe〉 as a function of redshift, a quantity that can be related to the thermodynamics of gas inside haloes and used to constrain energy injection processes. We measure $1-b_{\scriptscriptstyle \rm H}$ with $\sim \!13{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ precision in six equispaced redshift bins, and find no evidence for a redshift-dependent mass bias parameter, in agreement with previous analyses. Our mean value of $1-b_{\scriptscriptstyle \rm H}= 0. 59\pm 0. 03$ is also in good agreement with the one estimated by the joint analysis of Planck cluster counts and cosmic microwave background anisotropies. Our measurements of 〈bPe〉, at the level of $\sim \!10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in each bin, are the most stringent constraints on the redshift dependence of this parameter to date, and agree well both with previous measurements and with theoretical expectations from shock-heating models. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
220336 | Rna localization in bacteria | In eukaryotic cells mRNAs can be localized to specific places within a cell to achieve protein synthesis with spatiotemporal control. Recently, I and others have shown that prokaryotes can also target mRNAs to specific parts of the cell. However, these studies have been restricted to a limited number of mRNAs and were performed with Gram-negative bacteria, and due to the serendipitous nature of these discoveries and conflicting results, it is not clear how widespread mRNA localization is in a bacterial cell and what conserved mechanisms are playing a role. To investigate this, I will first employ a novel CLIP-seq-inspired deep-sequencing-based approach to gain an unbiased view of mRNAs enriched at the cell periphery and cell poles of the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis. This dataset will reveal the scope of mRNA targeting by the Signal Recognition Particle (SRP) and will reveal mRNAs that use another mechanism for cellular targeting. In addition, classic CLIP-seq experiments will be used to identify mRNAs that use the cytoskeleton and other morphological proteins for targeting. As a complementary approach, I will assess the localization of mRNAs coding for different classes of localized proteins (polar, cell division, cytoskeletal, membrane, secreted, motility, nucleoid and chaperone proteins) using the established fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Information obtained from these experiments will subsequently be used to investigate the role of protein translation, RNA sequences, genome location and cell morphology in mRNA localization, to gain functional insight into the mechanisms responsible for this basic morphogenetic process. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1145/1595696.1595760 | Probabilistic Environments In The Quantitative Analysis Of Non Probabilistic Behaviour Models | System specifications have long been expressed through automata-based languages, enabling verification techniques such as model checking. These verification techniques can assess whether a property holds or not, given a system specification. Quantitative model checking can provide additional information on the probability of these properties holding. We are interested in quantitatively analysing the probability of errors in non-probabilistic system models by composing them with probabilistic models of the environment. Although many probabilistic automata-based formalisms and composition operators exist, these are not adequate for such a setting. In this work we present a formalism inspired on interface automata and a suitable composition operator for these automata that enables validation of environment models in isolation and sound analysis of its composition with the non-probabilistic model of the system-under-analysis. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201834081 | Masses And Ages For Metal Poor Stars A Pilot Program Combining Asteroseismology And High Resolution Spectroscopic Follow Up Of Rave Halo Stars | Very metal-poor halo stars are the best candidates for being among the oldest objects in our Galaxy. Samples of halo stars with age determination and detailed chemical composition measurements provide key information for constraining the nature of the first stellar generations and the nucleosynthesis in the metal-poor regime. } Age estimates are very uncertain and are available for only a small number of metal-poor stars. Here we present the first results of a pilot program aimed at deriving precise masses, ages and chemical abundances for metal-poor halo giants using asteroseismology, and high-resolution spectroscopy. We obtained high-resolution UVES spectra for four metal-poor RAVE stars observed by the K2 satellite. Seismic data obtained from K2 light curves helped improving spectroscopic temperatures, metallicities and individual chemical abundances. Mass and ages were derived using the code PARAM, investigating the effects of different assumptions (e. g. mass loss, [alpha/Fe]-enhancement). Orbits were computed using Gaia DR2 data. {The stars are found to be "normal" metal-poor halo stars (i. e. non C-enhanced), with an abundance pattern typical of old stars (i. e. alpha and Eu-enhanced), and with masses in the 0. 80-1. 0 M_sun range. The inferred model-dependent stellar ages are found to range from 7. 4 to 13. 0 Gyr, with uncertainties of ~ 30%-35%. We also provide revised masses and ages for metal-poor stars with Kepler seismic data from APOGEE survey and a set of M4 stars. {The present work shows that the combination of asteroseismology and high-resolution spectroscopy provides precise ages in the metal-poor regime. Most of the stars analysed in the present work (covering the metallicity range of [Fe/H] ~ -0. 8 to -2 dex), are very old >9 Gyr (14 out of 19 stars ), and all of them are older than > 5 Gyr (within the 68 percentile confidence level). | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP08(2016)168 | Romans Mass Driven Flows On The D2 Brane | The addition of supersymmetric Chern-Simons terms to ${\cal N}=8$ super-Yang-Mills theory in three-dimensions is expected to make the latter flow into infrared superconformal phases. We address this problem holographically by studying the effect of the Romans mass on the D2-brane near-horizon geometry. Working in a consistent, effective four-dimensional setting provided by $D=4$ ${\cal N}=8$ supergravity with a dyonic $\textrm{ISO(7)}$ gauging, we verify the existence of a rich web of supersymmetric domain walls triggered by the Romans mass that interpolate between the (four-dimensional description of the) D2-brane and various superconformal phases. We also construct domain walls for which both endpoints are superconformal. While most of our results are numerical, we provide analytic results for the $\textrm{SU}(3)\times \textrm{U}(1)$-invariant flow into an ${\cal N}=2$ conformal phase recently discovered. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.devcel.2016.12.022 | Centrosome Amplification Is Sufficient to Promote Spontaneous Tumorigenesis in Mammals | Centrosome amplification is a common feature of human tumors, but whether this is a cause or a consequence of cancer remains unclear. Here, we test the consequence of centrosome amplification by creating mice in which centrosome number can be chronically increased in the absence of additional genetic defects. We show that increasing centrosome number elevated tumor initiation in a mouse model of intestinal neoplasia. Most importantly, we demonstrate that supernumerary centrosomes are sufficient to drive aneuploidy and the development of spontaneous tumors in multiple tissues. Tumors arising from centrosome amplification exhibit frequent mitotic errors and possess complex karyotypes, recapitulating a common feature of human cancer. Together, our data support a direct causal relationship among centrosome amplification, genomic instability, and tumor development. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
249777 | A molecular view of chromosome condensation | Eukaryotic cells inherit much of their genomic information in the form of chromosomes during cell division. Centimetre-long DNA molecules are packed into micrometer-sized chromosomes to enable this process. How DNA is organised within mitotic chromosomes is still largely unknown. A key structural protein component of mitotic chromosomes, implicated in their compaction, is the condensin complex. In this proposal, we aim to elucidate the molecular architecture of mitotic chromosomes, taking advantage of new genomic techniques and the relatively simple genome organisation of yeast model systems. We will place particular emphasis on elucidating the contribution of the condensin complex, and the cell cycle regulation of its activities, in promoting chromosome condensation. Our previous work has provided genome-wide maps of condensin binding to budding and fission yeast chromosomes. We will continue to decipher the molecular determinants for condensin binding. To investigate how condensin mediates DNA compaction, we propose to generate chromosome-wide DNA/DNA proximity maps. Our approach will be an extension of the chromosome conformation capture (3C) technique. High throughput sequencing of interaction points has provided a first glimpse of the interactions that govern chromosome condensation. The role that condensin plays in promoting these interactions will be investigated. The contribution of condensin s ATP-dependent activities, and cell cycle-dependent post-translational modifications, will be studied. This will be complemented by mathematical modelling of the condensation process. In addition to chromosome condensation, condensin is required for resolution of sister chromatids in anaphase. We will develop an assay to study the catenation status of sister chromatids and how condensin may contribute to their topological resolution. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2896423380 | PENGARUH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAANTERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Barang Konsumsiyang tercatat di BEITahun 2013-2017) | The purpose of this research was to reveal the influence of CSR Disclosure and company size on corporate performance as an intervening variable.The research population is a company that produces goods and services that are suitable for the period 2013-2017 which discusses 37 companies. By using pupose sampling technique, 26 companies were obtained. The analysis is done by multiple regression and diference, the coefficience, the coefficience of determinattion of Adjusted R, t test and f. The CSR ratio has a positive and significant effect on financial performance by using t count of 3.425 and the significance level of t count 0.001 α with one tail = 0.05 and a positive sign, thus it can be said that the SIZE ratio has a positive and significant effect on financial performance. the ratio of CSR and SIZE affects financial performance. F values of 13.412 and sig = 0.000 are smaller than 0.005 of these variables are CSR and SIZE simultaneously on financial performance. Variable ratios of CSR and SIZE affect financial performance. F values of 13.412 and sig = 0.000 smaller than 0.005 are CSR variables and SIZE simultaneously between financial performance. for more corporate responsibility to be able to increase the value of the company. Keywords: CSR, company size, company value, ROA | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2364143363 | Study on the Effects of Different Diluents on the Quality of Boar Sperm Stored at 4 | [Objective]This study was designed to develop a method of liquid storage of boar sperm at 4 ℃ using the modified BF5 diluent with BSA and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine(mBF5).[Method]Boar sperm were stored in LEN,BF5 and mBF5 diluents at 4 ℃ for 5 days,and sperm motility,acrosome morphology,viability and ATP were examined according to preservation period.[Result]The results showed that there were no significant differences in sperm motility among the three diluents from 1 day to 2 days stored at 4 ℃.However,the sperm motility showed significant differences among the three diluents after 3 days stored at 4 ℃.The sperm motility in mBF5 diluent was higher than that in LEN and BF5 diluents after 3 days of storage.The percentage of normal acrosome in mBF5 and BF5 diluents was higher than that in LEN diluent from 1 day to 5 days stored at 4 ℃.However,the percentage of normal acrosome in mBF5 diluent was higher than that in BF5 diluent after 5 days stored at 4 ℃.The percentage of sperm viability in mBF5 diluent was higher than that in LEN and BF5 diluent from 1 day to 5 days stored at 4 ℃.The percentage of sperm viability declined steadily from 1 day to 5 days stored in the three different diluents,respectively.Sperm ATP in mBF5 diluent was higher than that in LEN and BF5 diluents from 1 day to 5 days of storage.Sperm ATP declined rapidly after 5 days of storage in the three different diluents,respectively.[Conclusion]It was confirmed that boar sperm could be stored in mBF5 diluent at 4 ℃ for 5 days and showed higher motility,normal acrosome,sperm viability and sperm ATP concentration compared with that stored in LEN and BF5 diluents. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
Q4764434 | YOGE SENSITIVE COMMUNICATION | WE ARE AN ASSOCIATE STUDY OF PROFESSIONALS FROM THE WORLD OF GRAPHICS AND TRADITIONAL COMMUNICATION (EACH OF THE MEMBERS HAS BETWEEN 15 AND 20 YEARS OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE) AND SINCE 2005 WE HAVE CHOSEN TO PUT OUR SKILLS MAINLY AT THE SERVICE OF SUBJECTS, PROFIT AND NON-PROFIT, ENGAGED ON SENSITIVE TOPICS. WE HAVE FUN WORKING IN AN ORIGINAL AND SUSTAINABLE WAY. WE DO IT BY HAND BUT USING NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO LIMIT THE USE OF PAPER AND CONSUMABLES. IN ADDITION TO COMMUNICATION CONSULTING AND GRAPHIC AND ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS, WE WORK TOGETHER TO BUILD NEW ECOLOGICAL MODELS OF SOCIETY AND DEVELOPMENT. OUR SERVICES CAN BE SUMMARISED AS FOLLOWS: — CORPORATE BRANDING AND CORPORATE BRANDING (BRANDS, NAMING, CORPORATE LITERATURE) — CLASSIC ONLINE AND OFFLINE COMMUNICATION (PRINTING, BILLBOARD, RADIO, TV,) — PACKAGING STUDIO AND GRAPHICS — COPYWRITING AND WRITING OF TEXTS FOR INSTITUTIONAL COMMUNICATION AND/OR CAMPAIGNS | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1101/gad.242990.114 | A double-edged sword: R loops as threats to genome integrity and powerful regulators of gene expression | R loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures that comprise nascent RNA hybridized with the DNA template, leaving the nontemplate DNA single-stranded. R loops form naturally during transcription even though their persistent formation can be a risky outcome with deleterious effects on genome integrity. On the other hand, over the last few years, an increasingly strong case has been built for R loops as potential regulators of gene expression. Therefore, understanding their function and regulation under these opposite situations is essential to fully characterize the mechanisms that control genome integrity and gene expression. Here we review recent findings about these interesting structures that highlight their opposite roles in cellular fitness. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
278576 | Interactive Systems Involving Multi-point Surfaces, Haptics and true-3D displays | The grand challenge of this project is to 1) develop integrated multi-point surfaces that include multiple touch points, multiple haptic feedback on fingers (and tangible objects on the surface) and reconfigurable ‘true-3D’ content for a ‘walk-up and use’ scenario; 2) identify interaction design principles and visualization techniques to support users around such surfaces and 3) demonstrate the added value of this multi-point surface by integrating this within the workflow of stem-cell researchers to demonstrate that better visual and mechanical characterization of biological processes is achievable with our system.
The knowledge generated can be applied to a wide range of applications from entertainment and education to medical and life-sciences. For example, with our proposed system students can collaborate around an interactive table to feel plant textures and human organs while visualizing them in 3D while discussing with fellow students to allow for a very rich learning experience. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201732056 | Efficiency of radial transport of ices in protoplanetary disks probed with infrared observations: the case of
CO2 | Context. Radial transport of icy solid material from the cold outer disk to the warm inner disk is thought to be important for planet formation. However, the efficiency at which this happens is currently unconstrained. Efficient radial transport of icy dust grains could significantly alter the composition of the gas in the inner disk, enhancing the gas-phase abundances of the major ice constituents such as H2O and CO2. Aim. Our aim is to model the gaseous CO2 abundance in the inner disk and use this to probe the efficiency of icy dust transport in a viscous disk. From the model predictions, infrared CO2 spectra are simulated and features that could be tracers of icy CO2, and thus dust, radial transport efficiency are investigated. Methods. We have developed a 1D viscous disk model that includes gas accretion and gas diffusion as well as a description for grain growth and grain transport. Sublimation and freeze-out of CO2 and H2O has been included as well as a parametrisation of the CO2 chemistry. The thermo-chemical code DALI was used to model the mid-infrared spectrum of CO2, as can be observed with JWST-MIRI. Results. CO2 ice sublimating at the iceline increases the gaseous CO2 abundance to levels equal to the CO2 ice abundance of ~10−5, which is three orders of magnitude more than the gaseous CO2 abundances of ~10−8 observed by Spitzer. Grain growth and radial drift increase the rate at which CO2 is transported over the iceline and thus the gaseous CO2 abundance, further exacerbating the problem. In the case without radial drift, a CO2 destruction rate of at least 10−11 s−1 or a destruction timescale of at most 1000 yr is needed to reconcile model prediction with observations. This rate is at least two orders of magnitude higher than the fastest destruction rate included in chemical databases. A range of potential physical mechanisms to explain the low observed CO2 abundances are discussed. Conclusions. We conclude that transport processes in disks can have profound effects on the abundances of species in the inner disk such as CO2. The discrepancy between our model and observations either suggests frequent shocks in the inner 10 AU that destroy CO2, or that the abundant midplane CO2 is hidden from our view by an optically thick column of low abundance CO2 due to strong UV and/or X-rays in the surface layers. Modelling and observations of other molecules, such as CH4 or NH3, can give further handles on the rate of mass transport. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
714680 | Mapping Cytokine Signalling Networks using Engineered Surrogate Ligands | Cells use an intricate network of intracellular signalling molecules to translate environmental changes, sensed via surface receptors, into cellular responses. Despite their prominent role in regulating every aspect of life, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how signalling networks convey extracellular information into specific bioactivities and fate decisions. To rationally manipulate cell fate, which could fundamentally change the way that we treat human diseases, first we need a systematic understanding of how signalling is initiated and propagated inside the cell. I discovered that specificity of cytokine receptor signalling not only depends on cellular determinants such as receptor density and endocytic trafficking, but can be systematically altered by modulating ligand binding parameters and receptor binding geometries. A fundamentally novel approach combining high-throughput flow cytometry and QMS with engineered cytokine surrogate ligands able to fine-tune signalling responses will generate detailed maps of the signalling networks engaged by cytokines in time and space to unveil the mechanistic basis that allow a receptor to trigger different signal activation programs and bioactivities in response to different ligands. By quantitatively characterizing the signalling programs activated by ligands, using state-of-the-art biochemical, biophysical, structural, genetic and fluorescence imaging techniques, I plan to identify events critical for cellular decisions. By fully characterizing the intracellular signalling network hard-wired inside a cell and understanding its dynamic in response to environmental changes will we be able to comprehend and manipulate the enormous functional plasticity exhibited by cells. TInsights generated will open new fields of investigation where engineered ligands prove indispensable to understand complex biological responses and greatly advance our understanding of cytokine biology and human immunology in health and disease. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1002/prot.24779 | AbDesign: An algorithm for combinatorial backbone design guided by natural conformations and sequences | Computational design of protein function has made substantial progress, generating new enzymes, binders, inhibitors, and nanomaterials not previously seen in nature. However, the ability to design new protein backbones for function-essential to exert control over all polypeptide degrees of freedom-remains a critical challenge. Most previous attempts to design new backbones computed the mainchain from scratch. Here, instead, we describe a combinatorial backbone and sequence optimization algorithm called AbDesign, which leverages the large number of sequences and experimentally determined molecular structures of antibodies to construct new antibody models, dock them against target surfaces and optimize their sequence and backbone conformation for high stability and binding affinity. We used the algorithm to produce antibody designs that target the same molecular surfaces as nine natural, high-affinity antibodies; in five cases interface sequence identity is above 30%, and in four of those the backbone conformation at the core of the antibody binding surface is within 1 Å root-mean square deviation from the natural antibodies. Designs recapitulate polar interaction networks observed in natural complexes, and amino acid sidechain rigidity at the designed binding surface, which is likely important for affinity and specificity, is high compared to previous design studies. In designed anti-lysozyme antibodies, complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) at the periphery of the interface, such as L1 and H2, show greater backbone conformation diversity than the CDRs at the core of the interface, and increase the binding surface area compared to the natural antibody, potentially enhancing affinity and specificity. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2599134246 | Evolution of the Sun’s non-axisymmetric toroidal field | Aims. We aim to infer the sub-surface distribution of the Sun's non-axisymmetric azimuthal magnetic flux from observable quantities, such as the surface magnetic field and the large scale plasma flows. Methods. We have built a kinematic flux transport model of the solar dynamo based on the Babcock-Leighton framework. We constructed the source term for the poloidal field using SOLIS magnetograms spanning three solar cycles. Based on this source we calculated the azimuthal flux below the surface. The flux transport model has two free parameters which we constrain using sunspot observations from cycle 22. We compared the model results with observations from cycle 23. Results. The structure of the azimuthal field is mainly axisymmetric. The departures from axisymmetry represent, on average, ~3% of the total azimuthal flux. Owing to its relative weakness, the non-axisymmetric structure of the azimuthal field does not have a significant impact on the location in which the emergences appear or on the amount of flux contained in them. We find that the probability of emergence is a function of the ratio between the flux content of an active region and the underlying azimuthal flux. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1063/1.4742746 | Magnetic Domain Wall Induced Localized Nanowire Reversal | Considerable difficulties exist in generating appreciable magnetic fields, localized on nanometer length scales for future experiments and technologies. Here we experimentally demonstrate selective reversal of a ferromagnetic nanowire by the stray field from a domain wall. The use of a domain wall as a persistent, mobile source of magnetic field is an alternative to localized Oersted fields and current induced switching, with possible use in future domain wall based data storage schemes and magnetic random access memory applications. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
Q4279295 | ZUGRIFF AUF GESCHÄFTSRESSOURCEN VON JEDEM VERWENDETEN GERÄT UND ÜBERALL AUF DER WELT, DIE WIR SIND; ERWERB DES DICOM-VIEWERS, DER DAS HARDWARE-SICHERHEITSMODUL FÜR GESCHÄFTSUMGEBUNGEN UNTERSTÜTZT UND EINE SICHERE EMISSION ERMÖGLICHT | TMS S.R.L.* ZUGRIFF AUF GESCHÄFTSRESSOURCEN VON JEDEM VERWENDETEN GERÄT UND ÜBERALL AUF DER WELT, DIE WIR SIND; ERWERB DES DICOM-VIEWERS, DER DAS HARDWARE-SICHERHEITSMODUL FÜR GESCHÄFTSUMGEBUNGEN UNTERSTÜTZT UND EINE SICHERE EMISSION* ÜBER GUALTIERI SPIRIT LORENZO 18 ERMÖGLICHT | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/la402407k | Nanocrystals: Why do silver and gold n-heterocyclic carbene precursors behave differently? | Synthesizing stable Au and Ag nanocrystals of narrow size distribution from metal-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes remains a challenge, particularly in the case of Ag and when NHC ligands with no surfactant-like properties are used. The formation of nanocrystals by one-phase reduction of metal-NHCs (metal = Au, Ag) bearing common NHC ligands, namely 1,3-diethylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene (L1), 1,3-bis(mesityl)imidazol-2-ylidene (L2), and 1,3-bis(2,6-iPr2C6H3)imidazol-2- ylidene (L3), is presented herein. We show that both Au and Ag nanocrystals displaying narrow size distribution can be formed by reduction with amine-boranes. The efficiency of the process and the average size and size distribution of the nanocrystals markedly depend on the nature of the metal and NHC ligand, on the sequence in the reactant addition (i. e. , presence or absence of thiol during the reduction step), and on the presence or absence of oxygen. Dodecanethiol was introduced to produce stable nanocrystals associated with narrow size distributions. A specific reaction is observed with Ag-NHCs in the presence of thiols whereas Au-NHCs remain unchanged. Therefore, different organometallic species are involved in the reduction step to produce the seeds. This can be correlated to the lack of effect of NHCs on Ag nanocrystal size. In contrast, alteration of Au nanocrystal average size can be achieved with a NHC ligand of great steric bulk (L3). This demonstrates that a well-defined route for a given metal cannot be extended to another metal. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
EP 11173792 A | Amplifying circuit | An amplifying circuit comprises: a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor and a fourth transistor provided in an input stage; and a first bias circuit. The input signal is input into a control terminal of the first transistor and a control terminal of the second transistor, a first terminal of the first transistor is connected to a first terminal of the third transistor, a first terminal of the second transistor is connected to a first terminal of the fourth transistor, a second terminal of the first transistor is connected to a first potential, a second terminal of the second transistor is connected to a second potential that is equal to or different from the first potential, a second terminal of the third transistor is connected to a third potential, a second terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to a fourth potential, the first bias circuit is connected between a control terminal of the third transistor and a control terminal of the fourth transistor.
| [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
258060 | Design and Preparation of Functional Molecules for Quantum Computing and Information Processing | The future of Nanotechnology depends inevitably on the creation of molecular devices capable of performing crucial functions. We propose new strategies for the design and synthesis of molecular functional materials based on coordination chemistry, as well as the study of their physico-chemical properties in order to evaluate their relevance in the context of molecular spintronics and electronics. The main rationale underlying these strategies stems from the conviction that the unlimited potential of coordination compounds may be greatly exploited if the processes of self assembly leading to these systems are controlled and manipulated through the careful design of the ligands that will shape their structure and properties. We have designed the synthesis of new families of multinucleating ligands intended to form polynuclear coordination molecules with predetermined structures. Preliminary analysis of their performance has served to identify entries into novel categories of Single Molecule Magnets, SMMs, and Molecular Cluster Pairs, MCPs. The latter are stable molecules that exhibit two quasi independent metallic clusters, which fulfil many of the requirements necessary to act as 2qbit quantum gates for processors in quantum computing. We propose a full synthetic programme aimed at exploiting and expanding this promising avenue toward the fabrication of molecular systems that will be exploited in the context of Quantum Information Processing, QIP. In particular, we have identified from our previous work three classes of MCPs with promising features towards that end. We aim at exploiting the tools that we have created and develop new synthetic resources for the synthesis of robust molecules with the ability to act as 2qbits in QIP based on magnetic nanoclusters. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1021/jp208166w | Decelerated water dynamics and vibrational couplings of hydrated DNA mapped by two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy | Double-stranded DNA oligomers containing 23 alternating adenine-thymine base pairs are studied at different hydration levels by femtosecond two-dimensional (2D) infrared spectrosopy. Coupled NH stretching modes of the A-T pairs and OH stretching excitations of the water shell are discerned in the 2D spectra. Limited changes of NH stretching frequencies and line shapes with increasing hydration suggest spectral dynamics governed by DNA rather than water fluctuations. In contrast, OH stretching excitations of the water shell around fully hydrated DNA undergo spectral diffusion on a ∼500 fs time scale. The center line slopes of the 2D spectra of hydrated DNA demonstrate a slower decay of the frequency-time correlation function (TCF) than that in neat water, as is evident from a comparison with 2D spectra of neat H2O and theoretical TCFs. We attribute this behavior to reduced structural fluctuations of the water shell and a reduced rate of resonant OH stretching energy transfer. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1080/23723556.2017.1382670 | Never Tear Us A Parp Dealing With Dna Lesions During Mitosis | Tumors defective in homologous recombination (HR) are highly sensitive to poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition, however the cell biological mechanisms underlying this synthetic lethality remain elusive. We recently identified that PARP inhibitor-induced DNA lesions persist until mitosis, subsequently causing mitotic chromatin bridges, multinucleation and apoptosis. Here, we discuss the implications of these findings. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
US 2009/0034850 W | PAPERMAKER'S FORMING FABRICS INCLUDING MONOFILAMENTS COMPRISING A POLYESTER BLEND | Papermaker's forming fabrics including extruded thermoplastic monofilaments formed from a polymer blend consisting of from about 51% - 90% pbw (parts by weight) of a poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) polymer having a melt point of from 249°C to about 278°C, most preferably between about 262°C and 273°C, and an intrinsic viscosity of from 0.45 to about 0.95, preferably from about 0.65 to about 0.85, along with from about 49% - 10% pbw of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) polymer having an intrinsic viscosity of between about 0.55 to about 1.05, preferably from about 0.85 to 1.0. Monofilaments formed from the novel polymer blend exhibit physical properties differing from those obtained from monofilaments formed of 100% PEN polymer, making them particularly suitable for use in weaving and processing the forming fabrics of the present invention. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1364/OL.42.002639 | Freestanding Dielectric Nanohole Array Metasurface For Mid Infrared Wavelength Applications | We designed and simulated freestanding dielectric optical metasurfaces based on arrays of etched nanoholes in a silicon membrane. We showed 2π phase control and high forward transmission at mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelengths around 4. 2 μm by tuning the dimensions of the holes. We also identified the mechanisms responsible for high forward scattering efficiency and showed that these conditions are connected with the well-known Kerker conditions already proposed for isolated scatterers. A beam deflector was designed and optimized through sequential particle swarm and gradient descent optimization to maximize transmission efficiency and reduce unwanted grating orders. Such freestanding silicon nanohole array metasurfaces are promising for the realization of silicon-based mid-IR optical elements. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
interreg_1112 | ECO DESIGN FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF CENTRAL EUROPE PAPER BASED PRODUCTS RECYCLING LOOP | Paper is a natural biopolymer obtained from a renewable resource (wood). It is renewable, recyclable and, at the end of its life cycle, biodegradable. Paper recycling increases the material lifespan and is a key strategy that contributes to savings of primary raw material, reduction of energy and chemicals consumption, reduction of the impact on fresh water and improvement of waste management strategies. In central Europe, recovered paper is a major resource (secondary raw material), however, the paper recycling rate is still highly inhomogeneous. Since recovered paper is not only recycled in the country where it is produced, some essential features such as eco-design and eco-collection concepts must be developed at transnational level to increase the sustainability of the paper loop.
The project ECOPaperLOOP identified needs of the regions related to the recycled paper, whereas a clear picture on participating region’s status; a greater awareness in the private and public sectors about recyclability issues as well as shared and collective knowledge base on available technologies and practices will be tackled. EcoPaperLoop project will address these issues developing new joint activities between highly oriented paper recycling regions (e.g. Germany and Northern Italy) and other Central Europe regions where recycling rate and recycling oriented eco-design needs significant improvements. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.3390/s20102803 | Dual-laser-induced breakdown thermometry via sound speed measurement： A new procedure for improved spatiotemporal resolution | Measurement of acoustic waves from laser-induced breakdown has been developed as gas thermometry in combustion atmospheres. In the measurement, two laser-induced breakdown spots are generated and the local gas temperature between these two spots is determined through the measurement of the sound speed between them. In the previous study, it was found that the local gas breakdown can introduce notable system uncertainty, about 5% to the measured temperature. To eliminate the interference, in present work, a new measurement procedure was proposed, where two individual laser pulses with optimized firing order and delay time were employed. With the new measurement procedure, the system uncertainty caused by local gas breakdown can be largely avoided and the temporal and spatial resolutions can reach up to 0. 5 ms and 10 mm, respectively. The improved thermometry, dual-laser-induced breakdown thermometry (DLIBT), was applied to measure temperatures of hot flue gases provided by a multijet burner. The measured temperatures covering the range between 1000 K and 2000 K were compared with the ones accurately obtained through the two-line atomic fluorescence (TLAF) thermometry with a measurement uncertainty of ~3%, and a very good agreement was obtained. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-019-48778-x | Diamond-inclusion system recording old deep lithosphere conditions at Udachnaya (Siberia) | Diamonds and their inclusions are unique fragments of deep Earth, which provide rare samples from inaccessible portions of our planet. Inclusion-free diamonds cannot provide information on depth of formation, which could be crucial to understand how the carbon cycle operated in the past. Inclusions in diamonds, which remain uncorrupted over geological times, may instead provide direct records of deep Earth’s evolution. Here, we applied elastic geothermobarometry to a diamond-magnesiochromite (mchr) host-inclusion pair from the Udachnaya kimberlite (Siberia, Russia), one of the most important sources of natural diamonds. By combining X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data with a new elastic model, we obtained entrapment conditions, Ptrap = 6. 5(2) GPa and Ttrap = 1125(32)–1140(33) °C, for the mchr inclusion. These conditions fall on a ca. 35 mW/m2 geotherm and are colder than the great majority of mantle xenoliths from similar depth in the same kimberlite. Our results indicate that cold cratonic conditions persisted for billions of years to at least 200 km in the local lithosphere. The composition of the mchr also indicates that at this depth the lithosphere was, at least locally, ultra-depleted at the time of diamond formation, as opposed to the melt-metasomatized, enriched composition of most xenoliths. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
US 2015/0036959 W | FILTER MEDIA FOR TREATING CONTAMINATED WATER | Provided is a filter media for treating contaminated water, comprising processed aluminum water residuals. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
EP 09010039 A | Recording tape cartridge | A recording tape cartridge (10) can prevent release of rotation locking of a reel (40) with respect to a case accompanying dropping of the recording tape cartridge. The tape recording cartridge is configured to rotatably accommodate within a case a reel that has magnetic tape wound on a reel hub. Within the reel hub, external teeth of a brake gear (82), of a brake member (80) that is supported so as to be non-rotatable with respect to the case, mesh with an engaged gear (54) having internal teeth, preventing rotation of the reel with respect to the case. Lock portions (93) of lock members (90) are inserted between the reel positioned biased to a bottom panel side by a compression coil spring (78), and a top panel, thereby preventing movement of the reel with respect to the case in the reel axial direction. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/2493536 | A Bottom Up Knowledge Aware Approach To Integrating And Querying Web Data Services | As a wealth of data services is becoming available on the Web, building and querying Web applications that effectively integrate their content is increasingly important. However, schema integration and ontology matching with the aim of registering data services often requires a knowledge-intensive, tedious, and error-prone manual process. We tackle this issue by presenting a bottom-up, semi-automatic service registration process that refers to an external knowledge base and uses simple text processing techniques in order to minimize and possibly avoid the contribution of domain experts in the annotation of data services. The first by-product of this process is a representation of the domain of data services as an entity-relationship diagram, whose entities are named after concepts of the external knowledge base matching service terminology rather than being manually created to accommodate an application-specific ontology. Second, a three-layer annotation of service semantics (service interfaces, access patterns, service marts) describing how services “play” with such domain elements is also automatically constructed at registration time. When evaluated against heterogeneous existing data services and with a synthetic service dataset constructed using Google Fusion Tables, the approach yields good results in terms of data representation accuracy. We subsequently demonstrate that natural language processing methods can be used to decompose and match simple queries to the data services represented in three layers according to the preceding methodology with satisfactory results. We show how semantic annotations are used at query time to convert the user's request into an executable logical query. Globally, our findings show that the proposed registration method is effective in creating a uniform semantic representation of data services, suitable for building Web applications and answering search queries. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
759603 | 'If immortality unveil…'– development of the novel types of energy storage systems with excellent long-term performance | The major goal of the project is to develop a novel type of an electrochemical capacitor with high specific power (up to 5 kW/kg) and energy (up to 20 Wh/kg) preserved along at least 50 000 cycles. Thus, completion of the project will result in remarkable enhancement of specific energy, power and life time of modern electrochemical capacitors. Advanced electrochemical testing (galvanostatic cycling with constant power loads, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, accelerated aging and kinetic tests) will be accompanied by materials design and detailed characterization. Moreover, the project aims at the implementation of novel concepts of the electrolytes and designing of new operando technique for capacitor characterization. All these efforts aim at the development of sustainable and efficient energy conversion and storage system. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/c6cp05587g | Microwave-gated dynamic nuclear polarization | Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) efficiency can be significantly boosted by a combination of microwave gating and cross polarization at low temperatures. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
741298 | Hunting for the elusive “sixth” sense: navigation and magnetic sensation in a nocturnal migratory moth | Many animals – including birds, sea turtles and insects – perform spectacular long-distance migrations across the surface of the Earth. Remarkably some, like birds, can accurately migrate between highly specific locations thousands of kilometres apart, a navigational feat that requires an external compass cue and a robust sensory system to detect it. The Earth’s magnetic field is one such compass cue. But exactly how the magnetic field is sensed, and which receptor cells are involved, remains a mystery and its discovery is one of the greatest “holy grails” in modern sensory physiology, and also the main aim of this proposal. Fortuitously, I have made a pioneering discovery that a migratory insect – the Australian Bogong moth – relies on the Earth’s magnetic field to navigate at night. Due to its tractable nervous system, this insect may thus hold the key to uncovering the identity of the enigmatic magnetosensor. By tethering flying migrating moths in a flight simulator, I will dissect for the first time how insects use magnetic cues to navigate, isolating which of the two current (contentious) hypotheses for magnetic sensation apply. The most likely of these involves the action of photoreceptor-based cryptochrome (Cry) molecules in the eyes. Having cloned genes for 4 visual opsins and 2 Cry in Bogong moths, I will use in situ hybridisation to localise putative magnetoreceptors in the eyes, targeting them with intracellular electrophysiology and magnetic stimulation in an attempt to describe the physiology of these elusive sensors for the first time. The project is ground breaking since it will elucidate how a migratory insect, despite its small eyes and brain, detects and uses the Earth’s magnetic field for navigation. The discovery of the enigmatic magnetoreceptor would be a sensation, opening the floodgates for international research on this little understood sense. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201117413 | Discovery Of Gamma And X Ray Pulsations From The Young And Energetic Psr J1357 6429 With Fermi And Xmm Newton | Since the launch of the Fermi satellite, the number of known gamma-ray pulsars has increased tenfold. Most gamma-ray detected pulsars are young and energetic, and many are associated with TeV sources. PSR J1357-6429 is a high spin-down power pulsar (Edot = 3. 1 * 10^36 erg/s), discovered during the Parkes multibeam survey of the Galactic plane, with significant timing noise typical of very young pulsars. In the very-high-energy domain, H. E. S. S. has reported the detection of the extended source HESS J1356-645 (intrinsic Gaussian width of 12') whose centroid lies 7' from PSR J1357-6429. Using a rotational ephemeris obtained with 74 observations made with the Parkes telescope at 1. 4 GHz, we phase-fold more than two years of gamma-ray data acquired by Fermi-LAT as well as those collected with XMM-Newton, and perform gamma-ray spectral modeling. Significant gamma and X-ray pulsations are detected from PSR J1357-6429. The light curve in both bands shows one broad peak. Gamma-ray spectral analysis of the pulsed emission suggests that it is well described by a simple power-law of index 1. 5 +/- 0. 3stat +/- 0. 3syst with an exponential cut-off at 0. 8 +/- 0. 3stat +/- 0. 3syst GeV and an integral photon flux above 100 MeV of (6. 5 +/- 1. 6stat +/- 2. 3syst) * 10^-8 cm^-2 s^-1. The X-ray spectra obtained from the new data provide results consistent with those reported by Zavlin (2007). Upper limits on the gamma-ray emission from its potential pulsar wind nebula (PWN) are also reported. Assuming a distance of 2. 4 kpc, the Fermi LAT energy flux yields a gamma-ray luminosity for PSR J1357-6429 of L_gamma = (2. 13 +/- 0. 25stat +/- 0. 83syst) * 10^34 erg/s, consistent with an L_gamma \propto sqrt(Edot) relationship. The Fermi non-detection of the pulsar wind nebula associated with HESS J1356-645 provides new constraints on the electron population responsible for the extended TeV emission. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
NZ 2009000278 W | POST DRIVER SAFETY SYSTEM | A post driver having a shielding structure able to be raised and lowered on guides of and/or relative to a mast structure which guides the monkey or hammer. The monkey and/or a member or members dependent from it (e.g. whether part of a post cap or not) is able to interact with the shielding structure in order to uplift it to allow access to the impact zone or to where at least the top region of a post to be driven is, or is to be, positioned. The shield structure extends below the impact zone, i.e. where the impact face of the monkey will engage a post or post cap to be driven. Repeated blows by the monkey can be made with the lowered safety shield not moving with the monkey. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s00468-010-0480-3 | Dendroecology in the tropics: A review | Over the last decade the field of tropical dendroecology has developed rapidly and major achievements have been made. We reviewed the advances in three main themes within the field. First, long chronologies for tropical tree species were constructed which allowed climate reconstructions, revealed sources of climatic variation and clarified climate-growth relations. Other studies combined tree-ring data and stable isotope (13C and 18O) measurements to evaluate the response of tropical trees to climatic variation and changes. A second set of studies assessed long-term growth patterns of individual trees throughout their life. These studies enhanced the understanding of growth trajectories to the canopy, quantified autocorrelated tree growth and yielded new estimates of tree ages. Such studies were also used to reconstruct the disturbance history of tropical forests. The last set of studies applied tree-ring data to growth models. Tree-ring data can replace diameter measurements from research plots, provide additional information to construct population models, improve timber yield models and validate model output. Based on our review, we propose two main directions for future research. (1) An evaluation of the causes and consequences of growth variation within and among trees and their relation to environmental variation. Studies evaluating this directly contribute to improved understanding of tropical tree ecology. (2) The simultaneous measurement of widths and stable isotope fractions in tree rings offers the potential to study responses of trees to climatic change. Given the major role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle, knowing these responses is of high priority. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.7554/elife.50770 | YAP1 and TAZ negatively control bone angiogenesis by limiting hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in endothelial cells | Blood vessels are integrated into different organ environments with distinct properties and physiology (Augustin and Koh, 2017). A striking example of organ-specific specialization is the bone vasculature where certain molecular signals yield the opposite effect as in other tissues (Glomski et al. , 2011; Kusumbe et al. , 2014; Ramasamy et al. , 2014). Here, we show that the transcriptional coregulators Yap1 and Taz, components of the Hippo pathway, suppress vascular growth in the hypoxic microenvironment of bone, in contrast to their pro-angiogenic role in other organs. Likewise, the kinase Lats2, which limits Yap1/Taz activity, is essential for bone angiogenesis but dispensable in organs with lower levels of hypoxia. With mouse genetics, RNA sequencing, biochemistry, and cell culture experiments, we show that Yap1/Taz constrain hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) target gene expression in vivo and in vitro. We propose that crosstalk between Yap1/Taz and HIF1α controls angiogenesis depending on the level of tissue hypoxia, resulting in organ-specific biological responses. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1979511097 | Modafinil Effects on Middle-Frequency Oscillatory Power During Rule Selection in Schizophrenia | Control-related cognitive processes such as rule selection are associated with cortical oscillations in the theta, alpha and, beta ranges, and modulated by catecholamine neurotransmission. Thus, a potential strategy for improving cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia would be to use pro-catecholamine pharmacological agents to augment these control-related oscillations. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled (within-subjects) study, we tested the effects of adjunctive single-dose modafinil 200 mg on rule-related 4-30 Hz oscillations in 23 stable schizophrenia patients, using EEG during cognitive control task performance. EEG data underwent time-frequency decomposition with Morlet wavelets to determine the power of 4-30 Hz oscillations. Modafinil (relative to placebo) enhanced oscillatory power associated with high-control rule selection in theta, alpha, and beta ranges, with modest effects during rule maintenance. Modafinil treatment in schizophrenia augments middle-frequency cortical oscillatory power associated with rule selection, and may subserve diverse subcomponent processes in proactive cognitive control. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
340673 | Egalitarianism: Forms, Processes, Comparisons | The projects concerned with the heterogeneity of egalitarian structures, processes and value. This heterogeneity is approached through a) a library-based global comparative study and through b) field ethnographic studies, also comparatively oriented, in sites of egalitarian/inegalitarian crisis within Europe and elsewhere. The library and field studies are to be closely integrated, each influencing the development and directions of the other.
The decentering inherent in the orientation heterogeneity involves an emphasis on the forms and practices of egalitarianism as cultural phenomena emergent within and having their complexities of effect through the socio-cultural dimensions of their realities. The key proposition of the project is that it is egalitarian practices and processes as cultural values that is of considerable importance for understanding their force, contradictions, limitations. Thus in this approach dualism that is widely conceived as being politically and philosophically problematic in egalitarianism as a whole is approached as a cultural phenomenon potentially specific to Euro-American forms.
The emphasis on the heterogeneity of egalitarianism combined with the development of a comparative method appropriate to the heterogeneity of egalitarian processes, constitutes the distinction and the several contributions of the project to a fuller understanding of egalitarian processes, their constraints, limitations and potential. The method to be developed is to be open both to the varieties in the conceptions and imagination of egalitarian processes and the various historical, socio-political, and geo-ecological circumstances under which egalitarian practices emerge. Through the comparison perennial questions – the role of the state, religion, forms of economic distribution, the matter of scale – concerning forms and structures with egalitarian effect will be exposed to further consideration. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
Q2713027 | Implementation of innovative rotary furnace technology. | The project consists of a fundamental change in the production process that will be ensured by purchasing a furnace with the function of stabilising the pressure in the baking chamber. Thanks to the implementation of the project, the position of the Company in the industry will significantly increase, which will allow for the acquisition of new outlets, an increase in sales revenue. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1098/rsbl.2015.0561 | Mitogenomic analysis of a 50-generation chicken pedigree reveals a rapid rate of mitochondrial evolution and evidence for paternal mtDNA inheritance | Mitochondrial genomes represent a valuable source of data for evolutionary research, but studies of their short-term evolution have typically been limited to invertebrates, humans and laboratory organisms. Here we present a detailed study of 12 mitochondrial genomes that span a total of 385 transmissions in a well-documented 50-generation pedigree in which two lineages of chickens were selected for low and high juvenile body weight. These data allowed us to test the hypothesis of time-dependent evolutionary rates and the assumption of strict maternal mitochondrial transmission, and to investigate the role of mitochondrial mutations in determining phenotype. The identification of a non-synonymous mutation in ND4L and a synonymous mutation in CYTB , both novel mutations in Gallus , allowed us to estimate a molecular rate of 3. 13 × 10 −7 mutations/site/year (95% confidence interval 3. 75 × 10 −8 –1. 12 × 10 −6 ). This is substantially higher than avian rate estimates based upon fossil calibrations. Ascertaining which of the two novel mutations was present in an additional 49 individuals also revealed an instance of paternal inheritance of mtDNA. Lastly, an association analysis demonstrated that neither of the point mutations was strongly associated with the phenotypic differences between the two selection lines. Together, these observations reveal the highly dynamic nature of mitochondrial evolution over short time periods. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.24963/ijcai.2020/663 | Lagrangian Decomposition for Classical Planning (Extended Abstract) | Optimal cost partitioning of classical planning heuristics has been shown to lead to excellent heuristic values but is often prohibitively expensive to compute. We analyze the application of Lagrangian decomposition, a classical tool in mathematical programming, to cost partitioning of operator-counting heuristics. This allows us to view the computation as an iterative process that can be seeded with any cost partitioning and that improves over time. In the case of non-negative cost partitioning of abstraction heuristics the computation reduces to independent shortest path problems and does not require an LP solver. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1137/120875739 | Local Exponential H2 Stabilization Of 2X2 Quasilinear Hyperbolic Systems Using Backstepping | In this work, we consider the problem of boundary stabilization for a quasilinear $2\times2$ system of first-order hyperbolic PDEs. We design a new full-state feedback control law, with actuation on only one end of the domain, which achieves $H^2$ exponential stability of the closed-loop system. Our proof uses a backstepping transformation to find new variables for which a strict Lyapunov function can be constructed. The kernels of the transformation are found to verify a Goursat-type $4\times4$ system of first-order hyperbolic PDEs, whose well-posedness is shown using the method of characteristics and successive approximations. Once the kernels are computed, the stabilizing feedback law can be explicitly constructed from them. | [
"Mathematics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nature14522 | Evolution: Steps on the road to eukaryotes | A new archaeal phylum represents the closest known relatives of eukaryotes, the group encompassing all organisms that have nucleated cells. The discovery holds promise for a better understanding of eukaryotic origins. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.3390/pharmaceutics12100957 | Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Theranostic Antitumoral Nanomedicines | Nanoparticles have become a powerful tool in oncology not only as carrier of the highly toxic chemotherapeutic drugs but also as imaging contrast agents that provide valuable information about the state of the disease and its progression. The enhanced permeation and retention effect for loaded nanocarriers in tumors allow substantial improvement of selectivity and safety of anticancer nanomedicines. Additionally, the possibility to design stimuli-responsive nanocarriers able to release their payload in response to specific stimuli provide an excellent control on the administered dosage. The aim of this review is not to present a comprehensive revision of the different theranostic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) which have been published in the recent years but just to describe a few selected examples to offer a panoramic view to the reader about the suitability and effectiveness of these nanocarriers in the oncology field. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
741120 | COMPASS: Climate-relevant Ocean Measurements and Processes on the Antarctic continental Shelf and Slope | Processes on the Antarctic continental shelf and slope are crucially important for determining the rate of future sea level rise, setting the properties and volume of dense bottom water exported globally, and regulating the carbon cycle. Yet our ability to model and predict these processes over future decades remains rudimentary. This deficiency in understanding originates in a lack of observations in this inaccessible region. The COMPASS project seeks to rectify that by exploiting new technology - autonomous marine vehicles called gliders - to observe, quantify and elucidate processes on the continental shelf and slope of Antarctica that are important for climate.
The COMPASS objective is to make a step-change in our quantitative understanding of:
(i) the ocean front that marks the boundary between the Antarctic continental shelf and the open ocean, and its associated current system;
(ii) the interaction between ocean, atmosphere and sea-ice on the Antarctic continental shelf; and
(iii) the exchange of heat, salt and freshwater with the cavities beneath ice shelves.
These goals will be met by a series of targeted ocean glider campaigns around Antarctica, spanning different flow regimes, including areas where warm water is able to access the continental shelf and influence ice shelves, areas where the continental shelf is cold and fresh, and areas where the continental shelf hosts cold, salty, dense water that eventually spills into the abyss. A unique circumpolar assessment of ocean properties and dynamics, including instabilities and mixing, will be undertaken. COMPASS will develop new technology to deploy a profiling glider into inaccessible environments such as Antarctic polynyas (regions of open water surrounded by sea-ice). As well as scientific breakthroughs that will feed into future climate assessments, improving projections of future sea level rise and global temperatures, COMPASS will deliver enhanced design for future ocean observing systems. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-51963-0_20 | Adjacent Vertices Can Be Hard To Find By Quantum Walks | Quantum walks have been useful for designing quantum algorithms that outperform their classical versions for a variety of search problems. Most of the papers, however, consider a search space containing a single marked element only. We show that if the search space contains more than one marked element, their placement may drastically affect the performance of the search. More specifically, we study search by quantum walks on general graphs and show a wide class of configurations of marked vertices, for which search by quantum walk needs \(\varOmega (N)\) steps, that is, it has no speed-up over the classical exhaustive search. The demonstrated configurations occur for certain placements of two or more adjacent marked vertices. The analysis is done for the two-dimensional grid and hypercube, and then is generalized for any graph. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
interreg_311 | Adriatic Governance Operational Plan | The project AdriGov - Adriatic Governance Operational Plan – will provide a significant contribution to the enhancement of cross border cooperation in the Adriatic-Ionian by focusing on two main objectives: - Promote the adoption of an innovative and participated Adriatic Governance Operational Plan designed to constitute an effective governance model in the area; - Implement knowledge-transfer actions to enhance information and awareness on European integration and EU accession with a view to improve the knowledge and skills of representatives of the involved local and regional authorities. Furthermore, effective training programmes will be structured to improve their EU funding management and their administrative expertise. To achieve the first objective, the above-mentioned Adriatic Governance Operational Plan a peculiar political process will be established: Firstly, the draft Operational Plan will be outlined and approved by a Thematic Committee participated by all AdriGov regional and local partners. Secondly, it will be discussed in the elective assemblies of the involved local communities in order to broaden participation and ensure the inclusion of AdriGov objectives into the regional and local policy-making process. As an outcome, this multi-level and participated political process is likely to have a tangible impact in the definition of subnational and regional policies of the involved actors, especially in relation to the local communities situated in countries in the process of accessing the EU such as Croatia. Furthermore, the agreed AdriGov Operational Plan and all relevant approved documents will be presented to a wider audience and discussed with the European Commission as an essential contribution to the definition and implementation of a proper EU strategy for the Adratic-Ionian. Moreover, as its second objective, AdriGov will also provide a determinant contribute to the imminent EU enlargement to the Adriatic by preparing regional and local administrations towards the improvement in their capacity to implement EU financial instruments – in particular related to the EU Cohesion Policy - through relevant training programmes and effective process of know-how transfer. The expected result is an increase of EU funds absorption capacity of the regional and local authorities participating to AdriGov. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
650363 | Fabrication & characterisation of protective hea films on mg substrate by mechanical alloying, cold spraying & post-surface laser annealing processing | Protective high entropy alloys (HEA) thin films/coatings on Mg substrate will be produced by mechanical alloying (MA), cold spraying (CS) and post-surface laser annealing (SLA) process. By using variable but controlled MA process and CS coating parameters (HEA feedstock powder & HEA MAed powder characteristics, CS technology geometric parameters, CS deposition parameters), variations in the micro-structure and property in HEA coatings will be attained. Microstructural characterization of HEA feedstock powders, MAed powders, CS coatings and CS+post-SLA coatings will be carried out by SEM, TEM, XRD, porosity measurements. Wear, oxidation, corrosion tests, hardness and elongation measurements will be made to determine chemical and mechanical properties of coatings. With this way relationships among deposition parameters-microstructure-properties will be determined in addition to the feasibility study of producing protective (wear and oxidation resistant) HEA coatings on Mg-parts by combined MA+CS & post- SLA process. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
647918 | Prosocial motivation and creativity in work, career, society: researching the role of prosocial & autonomous motivation for creatively resilient and innovative behavior in different work contexts | Interdisciplinary research shows that our lineage survived while all other human species went extinct because our ancestors used their creative capacity to reshape the threats and opportunities of their environments, in turn reshaping themselves. As our world and working environments become increasingly dynamic, uncertain, and knowledge based, organizations and social challenges depend on creative ideas and creative resilience from employees, young people and entrepreneurs. As Teressa Amabile posits “only by using multiple lenses simultaneously, looking across levels, and thinking about creativity systematically, will we be able to unlock and use its secrets. What we need now….is to tie together and make sense of the diversity of perspectives found in the literature – from the innermost neurological level to the outermost cultural level”. A growing body of empirical work suggests that giving to others and perceiving that we, as humans, have positive impact though our work is beneficial for own resilience, well-being and creative nature (Martela & Ryan, 2016, Eshel et al., 2017). MUSES is aiming to moving away from the cognitive-behavioral dichotomy and by adopting a more systemic approach focus on the rewarding/motivational effect of perceived social impact and aims at capturing patterns of proactive & creatively resilient behavior of different samples where rewards are not absolutely institutionalized and thus are of lower importance whereas motivation is the key & dominant element. Thus, MUSE aims to research the relationship between prosocial & autonomous motivation (perceived social impact & affective commitment to the welfare of the beneficiaries), and resilience creativity in different contexts (employees, students, doctors, artists & volunteers). Our research aims at offering insights and important practical implications on how contextual factors can boost autonomous and prosocial motivation and thus lead to a more creatively reliant workforce/organisation | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1039/d0cc02982c | 2D magnetic MOFs with micron-lateral size by liquid exfoliation | Herein, we obtained high-quality nanosheets for a whole family of Fe-based magnetic MOFs, MUV-1-X, through a liquid exfoliation procedure. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
EP 0350163 W | PREMIX BURNER | The invention relates to a premix burner comprising a turbulence generator (7) for a combustion air flow and means for injecting the fuel into the combustion air flow. The turbulence generator (7) comprises one or more combustion air inlets for the combustion air flow entering the burner. The means for injecting fuel into the combustion air flow comprise one or more first fuel feed elements (8) with first fuel outlets (4). The opening diameter of the outlets and/or the injection angle thereof relative to the axial and/or radial direction is configured differently. Alternatively or additionally, some of the first fuel outlets (4) can be arranged in one or several first groups of fuel outlets which are arranged close to each other, such that each of the first groups produce a fuel jet having a large jet cross-section. The inventive burner enables improved premixing of fuel with the combustion air, especially when the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber end of the burner. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/TRO.2015.2473457 | The Geometry Of Confocal Curves For Passing Through A Door | This paper presents a geometric approach to the problem of steering a robot subject to nonholonomic constraints through a door by using only visual measurements coming from a single fixed on-board monocular camera. The door is represented by two landmarks located on its vertical supports. After exploring the geometric structure that naturally emerges from the problem statement, e. g. , bundle of hyperbolae, ellipses, and circles, we exploit this planar geometry to provide stabilizing feedback control laws to drive the vehicle through the middle of the door. Using visual servoing, we prove that this geometry can be directly measured in the camera image plane. Hence, we provide an image-based control scheme, avoiding the use of a state observer. Simulations in a realistic scenario and experiments are provided to show the effectiveness of the feedback control laws. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2945788354 | Investigating the Determinants of Commercial Banks Profitability in Ethiopia | This study is conducted aiming at investigating the determinants of commercial banks profitability in Ethiopia on the bases of secondary data obtained from nine sample commercial banks over the period of 2007 to 2016 using CAMEL model. While the profitability of commercial banks is influenced by internal and external factors, this study focuses only to examine the effect of internal factors on the profitability of Ethiopian commercial banks. For this purpose, ordinary least square technique (OLS) is utilized in this study to estimate the influence of Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management Efficiency, Earning ability, and Liquidity proxied by Total Capital to Total Assets, Non-performing Loan to Total Loan, Total Loan to Total Deposit, Interest Income to Total Assets, and Liquid Asset to Total Assets ratios respectively on Earning per Share (profitability indicator of the commercial banks). Moreover, the results of this study are dealt with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and Regression Analysis. Further, SPSS version 20 is employed to analyze and present the data. The empirical results seemed to comprehend that while total capital to total asset and total loan to total deposit ratios have a positive correlation with the dependent variable (EPS), interest income to total asset, non-performing loan to total loan, and liquid asset to total assets ratios are negatively associated with the dependent variable. Moreover, the findings of the study indicated that only total capital to total asset and liquid asset to total assets ratios have significant impact on the profitability of commercial banks in Ethiopia. Keywords: Determinants; profitability; commercial banks; CAMEL model; Ethiopia DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-1-05 | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
223173 | Development of microalgae-based natural uv sunscreens and proteins as cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals | The biotechnology of microalgae has gained considerable importance in recent decades, as they represent a largely untapped reservoir of novel and valuable bioactive compounds. The biological and chemical diversity of the microalgae, has been the source of unique bioactive molecules with the potential for industrial development as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutritional supplements. The proposed project will combine both basic and applied research in the fields of –omics technologies, biochemistry, applied and enzyme biotechnology in order to exploit microalgae resources for the development: 1) Natural UV sunscreens, based on algae mycosporine-like aminoacids, 2) Algae-based nutraceuticals as functional foods and food supplements, 3) Algae-derived proteases with applications in cosmetic (skin repair enzymes) and food industry. The implementation of the project will offer to the involved academic and SMSs the opportunity to translate scientific research into well defined knowledge-based ‘green’ products and analytical tools. Apart from scientific objectives, the project will enhance the European’s capacity in the field of Blue Growth and Marine Biotechnology by exchanging interdisciplinary knowledge, developing and disseminating joint research activities, thus strengthening the intersectoral links between academia and industry for sustainable growth. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
EP 00905321 A | SULFONAMIDE-CONTAINING INDOLE COMPOUNDS | Novel neovascularization inhibitors are constructed to provide antitumor agents which are superior in safety to conventional antitumor agents, are surely efficacious and can be administered over a prolonged period of time. Namely, indole compounds represented by general formula (I) or pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof or hydrates of the same wherein R<1> represents hydrogen, etc.; R<2> and R<3> are the same or different and each represents hydrogen, etc.; R<4> represents hydrogen or lower (C1-4) alkyl; and the ring A represents cyanophenyl, etc., provided that the following cases are excluded; the one where R<1>, R<2> and R<3> are all hydrogen atoms; the one where R<2> and R<3> are both hydrogen atoms; and the one where the ring A is an aminosulfonylphenyl group and R<1> and R<2> are both halogen atoms; and provided that when the ring A is a cyanophenyl, 2-amino-5-pyridyl or 2-halogeno-5-pyridyl group and R<1> is a cyano group or a halogen atom, then at least one of R<2> and R<3> is not hydrogen. <CHEM> | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms13031 | Mutually exclusive sense-antisense transcription at FLC facilitates environmentally induced gene repression | Antisense transcription through genic regions is pervasive in most genomes; however, its functional significance is still unclear. We are studying the role of antisense transcripts (COOLAIR) in the cold-induced, epigenetic silencing of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a regulator of the transition to reproduction. Here we use single-molecule RNA FISH to address the mechanistic relationship of FLC and COOLAIR transcription at the cellular level. We demonstrate that while sense and antisense transcripts can co-occur in the same cell they are mutually exclusive at individual loci. Cold strongly upregulates COOLAIR transcription in an increased number of cells and through the mutually exclusive relationship facilitates shutdown of sense FLC transcription in cis. COOLAIR transcripts form dense clouds at each locus, acting to influence FLC transcription through changed H3K36me3 dynamics. These results may have general implications for other loci showing both sense and antisense transcription. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1097/GOX.0000000000001147 | Noninvasive Measurement Of Ear Cartilage Elasticity On The Cellular Level A New Method To Provide Biomechanical Information For Tissue Engineering | Background:An important feature of auricular cartilage is its stiffness. To tissue engineer new cartilage, we need objective tools to provide us with the essential biomechanical information to mimic optimal conditions for chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) development. In this study, we u | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
950219 | Deciphering the role of biomechanics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a chronic lung disease caused by polluted air, is the 4th most common cause of death worldwide. Adding to alveolar destruction, patients suffer from debilitating shortness of breath due to obstructed and fibrotic airways. Currently, this mechanical damage is considered a by-product of airway inflammation; rarely, however, do anti-inflammatory treatments slow disease progression. New therapies are urgently needed. Recent studies suggest that mechanical changes are themselves important active drivers of COPD. I developed an innovative 3D human airway disease model (Lung-Chip) and quantitative measurements of tissue mechanics to show that airway mechanical dysfunction lowers the defense against inflammation-causing pollutants, thereby enabling a viscous cycle of disease aggravation. In addition, my airway Lung-Chip can mimic COPD-like matrix properties, e.g. fibrotic stiffness, and physiological mechanics, including breathing stretch, blood flow and air flow. These advances allow me now to faithfully mimic the airway mechanical microenvironment and systematically study how mechanical factors drive COPD progression. MecCOPD aims to 1) Measure the mechanical properties of COPD airway tissue in pioneering clinically-relevant Lung Chip models using advanced light microscopy and signal processing, 2) Reveal the contribution of mechanics to disease progression by delivering COPD-mimicking mechanical cues and measuring transcriptional, structural and secreted disease markers, 3) Determine the dynamics between mechanical factors and disease markers using statistical models. This interdisciplinary and novel approach will generate fundamental insights into how mechanical factors contribute to COPD progression and will facilitate studying other chronic lung diseases such as cancer and fibrosis. Ultimately, unravelling the COPD phenotype-mechanics relationship will lead to the discovery of new disease mechanisms and drug targets. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
US 2019/0050073 W | MORPHIC FORMS OF COMPLEMENT FACTOR D INHIBITORS | This invention provides stable, highly crystalline forms of Complement factor D inhibitors Compound 1 and Compound 2 for advantageous therapeutic pharmaceutical efficacy and dosage form stability. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
221824 | A global platform for discovery and sharing of art | Introduction:
Smartify CIC’s mission is to help people make meaningful connections with art and to support the audience reach and financial resilience of art venues.
Using image recognition to instantly identify artworks, Smartify app then returns engaging text, audio and video commentary. Each scan can be added to the users’ personal digital art collection.
Named by ‘The New Scientist’ as “the Shazam and Spotify for art” we are on a journey to create a global platform that democratizes access to art across venues. Smartify is the only company creating a global platform for discovery, saving and sharing art. We bring positive disruption to art venues by offering audiences freedom to follow their own preferences. This is a significant change from the current state of art: traditional linear audio guides do not feature all works on display and must be returned (along with all information) at the end of a visit; paper leaflets and small wall labels; bespoke apps with low-download rates.
Smartify already has partnerships with European museums such as The National Portrait Gallery, Royal Academy of Arts, Reina Sofia and Rijksmuseum, as well as global institutions such as Smithsonian Museums and The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The app currently has 30,000 monthly active users.
As a Community Interest Company Smartify supports venue partners with data, new revenue streams and a portion of profits. Smartify’s business model includes in-app content purchases, branded content and data monetization.
Horizon2020 Project:
In order to increase user retention and monetize the platform, Smartify wishes to develop two new app features: user-generated content and art recommendations which will be offered as premium services.
Having successfully won a grant from InnovateUK to carry out extensive user-centered design research with partners to validate our concepts, we are looking for the final funding amount to develop prototypes, pilot features and prove our business model. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP03(2015)120 | Pure connection formalism for gravity: recursion relations | In the gauge-theoretic formulation of gravity the cubic vertex becomes simple enough for some graviton scattering amplitudes to be computed using the Berends-Giele-type recursion relations. We present such a computation for the current with all same helicity on-shell gravitons. Once the recursion relation is set up and low graviton number cases are worked out, a natural guess for the solution in terms of a sum over trees readily presents itself. The solution can also be described either in terms of the half-soft function familiar from the 1998 paper by Bern, Dixon, Perelstein and Rozowsky or as a matrix determinant similar to one used by Hodges for MHV graviton amplitudes. This solution also immediately suggests the correct guess for the MHV graviton amplitude formula, as is contained in the already mentioned 1998 paper. We also obtain the recursion relation for the off-shell current with all but one same helicity gravitons. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1515/tl-2016-0001 | Formal monkey linguistics | AbstractWe argue that rich data gathered in experimental primatology in the last 40 years can benefit from analytical methods used in contemporary linguistics. Focusing on the syntactic and especially semantic side, we suggest that these methods could help clarify five questions: (i) what morphology and syntax, if any, do monkey calls have? (ii) what is the ‘lexical meaning’ of individual calls? (iii) how are the meanings of individual calls combined? (iv) how do calls or call sequences compete with each other when several are appropriate in a given situation? (v) how did the form and meaning of calls evolve? We address these questions in five case studies pertaining to cercopithecines (Putty-nosed monkeys, Blue monkeys, and Campbell’s monkeys), colobinae (Guereza monkeys and King Colobus monkeys), and New World monkeys (Titi monkeys). The | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1111/mila.12113 | The Varieties of Parsimony in Psychology | Philosophers and psychologists make many different, seemingly incompatible parsimony claims in support of competing models of cognition in nonhuman animals. This variety of parsimony claims is problematic. Firstly, it is difficult to justify each specific variety. This problem is especially salient for Morgan's Canon, perhaps the most important variety of parsimony claimed. Secondly, there is no systematic way of adjudicating between particular claims when they conflict. I argue for a view of parsimony in comparative psychology that solves these problems, based on Sober's (1994) view that parsimony claims are claims that one model is more plausible given background theory. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1964779885 | Large change of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Cobalt ultrathin film induced by varying capping layers | The magnetic films of Co with Si/SiO2/Pt/Co/molecule structure were fabricated and their structural properties and magnetic anisotropy were investigated by varying both Co (0.5–1.8 nm) thickness and molecular capping layers of 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), respectively. The crystal structures were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and the magnetization curves were measured using vibrating sample magnetometer with an applied field both in parallel and perpendicular to a film plane. It was found that the thickness of Co for the maximum perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is around 0.7 nm for both group films. However, the estimated effective magnetic anisotropy energy for Co was 2.9 ± 0.3 × 106 erg/cc for rubrene-capped sample, which was smaller than the value of 4.9 ± 0.4 × 106 erg/cc for CuPc-capped sample. The XRD patterns showed the crystal structure of rubrene layer was of amorphous structure and CuPc layer was polycrystalline. The different ... | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-45439-5_17 | Domain Independent Extraction Of Scientific Concepts From Research Articles | We examine the novel task of domain-independent scientific concept extraction from abstracts of scholarly articles and present two contributions. First, we suggest a set of generic scientific concepts that have been identified in a systematic annotation process. This set of concepts is utilised to annotate a corpus of scientific abstracts from 10 domains of Science, Technology and Medicine at the phrasal level in a joint effort with domain experts. The resulting dataset is used in a set of benchmark experiments to (a) provide baseline performance for this task, (b) examine the transferability of concepts between domains. Second, we present two deep learning systems as baselines. In particular, we propose active learning to deal with different domains in our task. The experimental results show that (1) a substantial agreement is achievable by non-experts after consultation with domain experts, (2) the baseline system achieves a fairly high F1 score, (3) active learning enables us to nearly halve the amount of required training data. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.070 | Methane dependent denitrification- from ecosystem to laboratory-scale enrichment for engineering applications | Managing nitrogen and carbon cycles in engineered and natural ecosystems is an environmental challenge. In this manuscript, we report a process which connects these two cycles with immense ecological and engineering significance. Sediments, collected from Jordan River in Salt Lake City, Utah were used as seed to start a laboratory-scale denitrification coupled to anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) reactor fed with methane (CH4) and nitrite (NO2-). Methane (CH4)-dependent denitrification in sediments of a nutrient-impaired river was found to be in the range of 40 nmol kg-1 d-1 to 70 nmol kg-1 d-1. Post 19 months of operation of the lab scale reactor, the n-DAMO reactor achieved nitrite removal rate of 2. 88 mmol L-1 d-1. Enrichment of n-DAMO prokaryotes was evident from the increase in 16S rRNA gene copy number of bacteria belonging to the NC10 phylum in the reactor, corroborating with increase in the oxidation rates of CH4 coupled with NO2--N removal from 21 μM to 190 μM of CH4 d-1. Based on stable isotope experiments by other researchers, nitric oxide dismutase (nod) functional gene was hypothesized to be responsible for splitting nitric oxide to nitrogen and oxygen and this internally generated oxygen is utilized by n-DAMO prokaryotes to oxidize methane gas. Primers targeting the unique nitric oxide dismutase (nod) gene were developed and tested on the enrichment culture for the first time. This revealed that n-DAMO organisms are closely related yet distinct from, the M. oxyfera which had been enriched in earlier studies. The results emphasize tremendous future promise to use these novel organisms for wastewater treatment purposes, especially to take advantage of the dissolved methane present in anaerobic digester effluents. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1146/annurev-fluid-010814-014637 | Dissipation in turbulent flows | This article reviews evidence concerning the cornerstone dissipation scaling of turbulence theory: , with Cε equals const. , ε the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy , and an integral length scale characterizing the energy-containing turbulent eddies. This scaling is intimately linked to the Richardson-Kolmogorov equilibrium cascade. Accumulating evidence shows that a significant nonequilibrium region exists in various turbulent flows in which the energy spectrum has Kolmogorov's -53 wave-number scaling over a wide wave-number range, yet CεRemIRenL, with m≈1≈n, ReI a globalinlet Reynolds number, and ReL a local turbulence Reynolds number. | [
"Mathematics",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
IB 0203042 W | A LIGHTER | The present invention involves a lighter for preventing unintended use. In one aspect, a striker wheel including a rotation limiting means is provided, where an arc formed by the rotation limiting means is preferably greater than about 100 DEG and less than or equal to about 220 DEG . The rotation limiting means may comprise a single or multiple protrusions, a shield extending from one or more outer grip wheels, or a cover attached to a periphery of the striking wheel. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1017/S1473550415000282 | Origin Of Life Luca And Extracellular Membrane Vesicles Emvs | Cells from the three domains of life produce extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs), suggesting that EMV production is an important aspect of cellular physiology. EMVs have been implicated in many aspects of cellular life in all domains, including stress response, toxicity against competing strains, pathogenicity, detoxification and resistance against viral attack. These EMVs represent an important mode of inter-cellular communication by serving as vehicles for transfer of DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids between cells. Here, we review recent progress in the understanding of EMV biology and their various roles. We focus on the role of membrane vesicles in early cellular evolution and how they would have helped shape the nature of the last universal common ancestor. A membrane-protected micro-environment would have been a key to the survival of spontaneous molecular systems and efficient metabolic reactions. Interestingly, the morphology of EMVs is strongly reminiscent of the morphology of some virions. It is thus tempting to make a link between the origin of the first protocell via the formation of vesicles and the origin of viruses. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.90.125102 | Gutzwiller electronic structure calculations applied to transition metals: Kinetic energy gain with ferromagnetic order in bcc Fe | The Gutzwiller projector technique has long been known as a method to include correlations in electronic structure calculations. We describe a model implementation for a Gutzwiller+LDA calculation in a localized-orbital restricted basis framework, emphasizing the protocol step by step and illustrating our specific procedure for this and future applications. We demonstrate the method with a classic problem, the ferromagnetism of bulk bcc Fe, whose nature is attracting fresh interest. In the conventional Stoner-Wohlfarth model, and in spin-polarized LDA calculations, the ferromagnetic ordering of iron sets in so that the electrons can reduce their mutual Coulomb repulsion, at the cost of some increase of electron kinetic energy. This balance may, however, be altered by correlations, which are strong for localized d orbitals. The present localized basis Gutzwiller+LDA calculation demonstrates how the ferromagnetic ordering of Fe may, in fact, entrain a decrease of kinetic energy at the cost of some increase of potential energy. This happens because, as foreshadowed long ago by Goodenough and others and more recently supported by LDA-DMFT calculations, correlations cause eg and t2g d orbitals to behave differently, with the weakly propagating eg states fully spin polarized and almost localized, and only t2g states forming a broad partly filled itinerant band. Owing to an intra-atomic Hund's rule exchange that aligns eg and t2g spins, the propagation of itinerant t2g holes is favored when different atomic spins are ferromagnetically aligned. This suggests a strong analogy with double exchange in iron ferromagnetism. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W260066763 | Defecographic functional evaluation of rectal akinesia | Defecation is a complex and still incompletely understood phenomenon related to several integrated mechanisms. However, improvements over the past few years in our understanding of the process of defecation, along with the increasing use of radiological and anorectal physiology studies, have led to improved treatment results. Segmental and propagated contractions deliver colonic content into the rectum, where sensory mechanisms relay the sense of rectal filling sensation, stimulating rectal emptying. As stool passes through the colon, it is stored in the sigmoid colon until a mass movement empties it into the rectum. Rectosigmoid contractions develop an expulsive force vector directed toward the rectum and the anal canal. A vector is a mathematical representation of a magnitude of force and the direction in which the force is applied. The movement of stool through the colon and rectum can be analyzed by examining the pressure vectors that act upon the stool. When the concept of vector analysis is applied to bowel continence, two major categories of opposing forces appear. Propulsive forces (peristalsis, Valsalva, gravity) are those factors with a pressure vector that would result in the elimination of the stool from the body. Resistive forces are factors that slow or prevent elimination of stools from the body. Resistive forces could be defined as active (primary muscles: puborectalis, internal and external anal sphincter) or passive (including strictures, angulation of the bowel, decreased compliance, poor fixation or the rectosigmoid colon). Moreover, it has been suggested that the anterior and posterior rectal walls appeared to be stretched during defecation: The anorectal angle moved significantly downward and began to open; the diameter of the anus enlarged to at least twice its resting size; and the anterior wall of the anus was pulled forward along with the distal part of the urethra. These changes in anorectal position during defecation can be resolved as three muscle vectors. The anterior wall of the anus was pulled forward; the posterior wall of the rectum was pulled backward, opening the posterior anorectal angle and approximately doubling its resting diameter; and the anterior edge of the levator plate and coccyx was angulated downward [1]. In the first video [video 1], the normal rectal emptying is well documented by the presence of an air–fluid level (yellow arrow) which makes it possible to follow the progressive expulsion, according to the force vector direction (green arrow). At the end of the evacuation, the rectal walls were collapsed. Some patients with impaired defecation, for which none of the usually known causes (including anismus, dyssynergia, intussusception, rectal prolapse, enterocele, rectocele) could be demonstrated, were functionally characterized by the absence or the reduction of the propulsion and the wall contractions, with an altered ampullar motility [2]. This condition could be defined as idiopathic rectal akinesia [3]. In patients with this condition, cinedefecography shows the absence of an expulsive force vector and the presence of vicarious rectal movements. As shown in the second video [video 2], no force vector could be documented, with fixed air–fluid level (yellow arrow) and failed barium expulsion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10151-015-1310-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W1982287273 | Physical Violence Detection for Preventing School Bullying | School bullying is a serious problem among teenagers, causing depression, dropping out of school, or even suicide. It is thus important to develop antibullying methods. This paper proposes a physical bullying detection method based on activity recognition. The architecture of the physical violence detection system is described, and a Fuzzy Multithreshold classifier is developed to detect physical bullying behaviour, including pushing, hitting, and shaking. Importantly, the application has the capability of distinguishing these types of behaviour from such everyday activities as running, walking, falling, or doing push-ups. To accomplish this, the method uses acceleration and gyro signals. Experimental data were gathered by role playing school bullying scenarios and by doing daily-life activities. The simulations achieved an average classification accuracy of 92%, which is a promising result for smartphone-based detection of physical bullying. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
US 2004/0021938 W | DELIVERY OF A DRUG VIA SUBCONJUCTIVAL OR PERIOCULAR DELIVERY OF A PRODRUG IN A POLYMERIC MICROPARTICLE | The present invention relates to method of sustained-delivery of and active drug to a posterior part of an eye of a mammal to treat or prevent a disease or condition affecting said mammal, wherein said disease or condition can be treated or prevented by the actin of said active drug upon said posterior part of the eye, comprising administering and effective amount of an ester prodrug of the active drug subconjuntivally or periocularly. Preferably, the active drug is more than about 10 times as active as the prodrug. Other aspects of this invention deal with the treatment of certain disease by the periocular or subconjuctival delivery of an ester prodrug, and certain pharmaceutical products containing ester prodrugs for periocular or subconjuctival administration. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2081548481 | 383 HEPATITIS B AWARENESS AND SCREENING PROGRAMMES FOR CHINESE COMMUNITIES IN THE NETHERLANDS: SUCCESSFUL IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE LIVER DISEASE | 383 HEPATITIS B AWARENESS AND SCREENING PROGRAMMES FOR CHINESE COMMUNITIES IN THE NETHERLANDS: SUCCESSFUL IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE LIVER DISEASE M. Mostert, R. Wolter, I. Veldhuijzen, K. Dirksen, V. Rijckhorst, Y. Cheung, C. Boucher, O. de Zwart, H. Janssen, G. Boland. Infectious Disease, Municipal Public Health Service RotterdamRijnmond/National Hepatitis Centre, Infectious Disease, Public Health Service Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Municipal Public Health Service The Hague, The Hague, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wah Fook Wui Foundation, Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, National Hepatitis Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.15252/emmm.202012739 | Protective anti-prion antibodies in human immunoglobulin repertoires | Prion immunotherapy may hold great potential, but antibodies against certain PrP epitopes can be neurotoxic. Here, we identified > 6,000 PrP-binding antibodies in a synthetic human Fab phage display library, 49 of which we characterized in detail. Antibodies directed against the flexible tail of PrP conferred neuroprotection against infectious prions. We then mined published repertoires of circulating B cells from healthy humans and found antibodies similar to the protective phage-derived antibodies. When expressed recombinantly, these antibodies exhibited anti-PrP reactivity. Furthermore, we surveyed 48,718 samples from 37,894 hospital patients for the presence of anti-PrP IgGs and found 21 high-titer individuals. The clinical files of these individuals did not reveal any enrichment of specific pathologies, suggesting that anti-PrP autoimmunity is innocuous. The existence of anti-prion antibodies in unbiased human immunological repertoires suggests that they might clear nascent prions early in life. Combined with the reported lack of such antibodies in carriers of disease-associated PRNP mutations, this suggests a link to the low incidence of spontaneous prion diseases in human populations. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1126/science.aau4402 | Quantum scale anomaly and spatial coherence in a 2D Fermi superfluid | Quantum anomalies are violations of classical scaling symmetries caused by divergences that appear in the quantization of certain classical theories. Although they play a prominent role in the quantum field theoretical description of many-body systems, their influence on experimental observables is difficult to discern. In this study, we discovered a distinctive manifestation of a quantum anomaly in the momentum-space dynamics of a two-dimensional (2D) Fermi superfluid of ultracold atoms. The measured pair momentum distributions of the superfluid during a breathing mode cycle exhibit a scaling violation in the strongly interacting regime. We found that the power-law exponents that characterize long-range phase correlations in the system are modified by the quantum anomaly, emphasizing the influence of this effect on the critical properties of 2D superfluids. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
222651 | Cost-Efficient network for the genetic certification of food quality | SeQfood project aims to provide the first tool for verifiable product authenticity certification and traceability along the food chain; also being the first electronic network for the genetic certification of food products. The invention relies on our proprietary Genowas-GENOMID fingerprinting technology, a smart system for agrifood certification and labeling by means of 2DNA codes which provide reliable, unique and forgery-proof information of identity, composition and geographical origin. Product´s information will be freely available in the SeQfood web, increasing transparency and consumer´s confidence. SeQfood will result on added value for high-quality products, but also simplifying logistics and traceability. Another powerful novelty is that costs and delivery time are comparable to PCR techniques but our solution provides greater information in a one-step assay. SeQfood represents an essential pillar for the company´s growth since by its commercialization the company will be able to penetrate the growing food traceability market and consolidate its position in the fields of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics. To ensure the successful market launch, our company will conduct a robust feasibility study and a business plan where main technical, commercial and financial resources and requirements will be deeply analyzed. SeQfood is in line with one of the present Societal Challenges of the European Commission addressing “Sustainable and competitive agri-food sector for a safe and healthy diet”, since it will serve as the first verifiable, standardized and free-access tool for warranting food safety, quality and traceability from production to consumption, and vice verse. This will improve food fraud prevention while also promoting high-quality authentic products, which is crucial to assure the commercial success of European high-value agrifood products on international markets, as well as to ensure that consumer’ rights and health are protected. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003021 | Loss of Prohibitin Membrane Scaffolds Impairs Mitochondrial Architecture and Leads to Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Neurodegeneration | Fusion and fission of mitochondria maintain the functional integrity of mitochondria and protect against neurodegeneration, but how mitochondrial dysfunctions trigger neuronal loss remains ill-defined. Prohibitins form large ring complexes in the inner membrane that are composed of PHB1 and PHB2 subunits and are thought to function as membrane scaffolds. In Caenorhabditis elegans, prohibitin genes affect aging by moderating fat metabolism and energy production. Knockdown experiments in mammalian cells link the function of prohibitins to membrane fusion, as they were found to stabilize the dynamin-like GTPase OPA1 (optic atrophy 1), which mediates mitochondrial inner membrane fusion and cristae morphogenesis. Mutations in OPA1 are associated with dominant optic atrophy characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells, highlighting the importance of OPA1 function in neurons. Here, we show that neuron-specific inactivation of Phb2 in the mouse forebrain causes extensive neurodegeneration associated with behavioral impairments and cognitive deficiencies. We observe early onset tau hyperphosphorylation and filament formation in the hippocampus, demonstrating a direct link between mitochondrial defects and tau pathology. Loss of PHB2 impairs the stability of OPA1, affects mitochondrial ultrastructure, and induces the perinuclear clustering of mitochondria in hippocampal neurons. A destabilization of the mitochondrial genome and respiratory deficiencies manifest in aged neurons only, while the appearance of mitochondrial morphology defects correlates with tau hyperphosphorylation in the absence of PHB2. These results establish an essential role of prohibitin complexes for neuronal survival in vivo and demonstrate that OPA1 stability, mitochondrial fusion, and the maintenance of the mitochondrial genome in neurons depend on these scaffolding proteins. Moreover, our findings establish prohibitin-deficient mice as a novel genetic model for tau pathologies caused by a dysfunction of mitochondria and raise the possibility that tau pathologies are associated with other neurodegenerative disorders caused by deficiencies in mitochondrial dynamics. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.021 | Elucidating the role of free polycations in gene knockdown by siRNA polyplexes | Future improvements of non-viral vectors for siRNA delivery require better understanding of intracellular processing and vector interactions with target cells. Here, we have compared the siRNA delivery properties of a lipid derivative of bPEI 1. 8 kDa (DOPE-PEI) with branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI) with average molecular weights of 1. 8 kDa (bPEI 1. 8 kDa) and 25 kDa (bPEI 25 kDa). We find mechanistic differences between the DOPE-PEI conjugate and bPEI regarding siRNA condensation and intracellular processing. bPEI 1. 8 kDa and bPEI 25 kDa have similar properties with respect to condensation capability, but are very different regarding siRNA decondensation, cellular internalization and induction of reporter gene knockdown. Lipid conjugation of bPEI 1. 8 kDa improves the siRNA delivery properties, but with markedly different formulation requirements and mechanisms of action compared to conventional PEIs. Interestingly, strong knockdown using bPEI 25 kDa is dependent on the presence of a free vector fraction which does not increase siRNA uptake. Finally, we have investigated the effect on lysosomal pH induced by these vectors to elucidate the differences in the proton sponge effect between lipid conjugated PEI and conventional PEI: Neither DOPE-PEI nor bPEI 25 kDa affected lysosomal pH as a function of time, underlining that the possible proton sponge effect is not associated with changes in lysosomal pH. Statement of Significance Gene silencing therapy has the potential to treat diseases which are beyond the reach of current small molecule-based medicines. However, delivery of the small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) remains a bottleneck to clinical implementation, and the development of safe and efficient delivery systems would be one of the most important achievements in medicine today. A major reason for the lack of progress is insufficient understanding of cell-polyplex interaction. We investigate siRNA delivery using polyethyleneimine (PEI) based vectors and examine how crucial formulation parameters determine the challenges associated with PEI as a delivery vector. We further evaluate how lipid conjugation of PEI influences formulation, cytotoxicity and polymer interaction with cells and cargo as well as the proton sponge capabilities of the vectors. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.4922538 | Communication One Size Fits All Equilibrating Chemically Different Polymer Liquids Through Universal Long Wavelength Description | Mesoscale behavior of polymers is frequently described by universal laws. This physical property motivates us to propose a new modeling concept, grouping polymers into classes with a common long-wavelength representation. In the same class, samples of different materials can be generated from this representation, encoded in a single library system. We focus on homopolymer melts, grouped according to the invariant degree of polymerization. They are described with a bead-spring model, varying chain stiffness and density to mimic chemical diversity. In a renormalization group-like fashion, library samples provide a universal blob-based description, hierarchically backmapped to create configurations of other class-members. Thus, large systems with experimentally relevant invariant degree of polymerizations (so far accessible only on very coarse-grained level) can be microscopically described. Equilibration is verified comparing conformations and melt structure with smaller scale conventional simulations. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1093/nar/gkz1084 | Structure–fluorescence activation relationships of a large Stokes shift fluorogenic RNA aptamer | The Chili RNA aptamer is a 52 nt long fluorogen-activating RNA aptamer (FLAP) that confers fluorescence to structurally diverse derivatives of fluorescent protein chromophores. A key feature of Chili is the formation of highly stable complexes with different ligands, which exhibit bright, highly Stokes-shifted fluorescence emission. In this work, we have analyzed the interactions between the Chili RNA and a family of conditionally fluorescent ligands using a variety of spectroscopic, calorimetric and biochemical techniques to reveal key structure–fluorescence activation relationships (SFARs). The ligands under investigation form two categories with emission maxima of ∼540 or ∼590 nm, respectively, and bind with affinities in the nanomolar to low-micromolar range. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to elucidate the enthalpic and entropic contributions to binding affinity for a cationic ligand that is unique to the Chili aptamer. In addition to fluorescence activation, ligand binding was also observed by NMR spectroscopy, revealing characteristic signals for the formation of a G-quadruplex only upon ligand binding. These data shed light on the molecular features required and responsible for the large Stokes shift and the strong fluorescence enhancement of red and green emitting RNA–chromophore complexes. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1098/rsos.200090 | A direct and conceptual replication of post-loss speeding when gambling | To investigate the response to suboptimal outcomes, Verbuggen et al. (Verbruggen F, Chambers CD, Lawrence NS, McLaren IPL. 2017 Winning and losing: effects on impulsive action. J. Exp. Psychol. : Hum. Percept. Perform. 43, 147. (doi:10. 1037/ xhp0000284)) conducted a study in which participants chose between a gamble and a non-gamble option. The non-gamble option was a guaranteed amount of points, whereas the gamble option was associated with a higher amount but a lower probability of winning. The authors observed that participants initiated the next trial faster after a loss compared to wins or non-gambles. In the present study, we directly replicated these findings in the laboratory and online. We also designed another task controlling for the number of trials per outcome. In this task, participants guessed where a reward was hidden. They won points if they selected the correct location, but lost points if they selected the incorrect location. We included neutral trials as a baseline. Again, participants sped up after a loss relative to wins and neutral trials (but only with a response choice in neutral trials and a large sample size). These findings appear inconsistent with cognitive-control frameworks, which assume that suboptimal outcomes typically lead to slower responses; instead, they suggest that suboptimal outcomes can invigorate behaviour, consistent with accounts of frustrative non-reward and impulsive action. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1530811338 | Convexity adjustment for volatility swaps | In this paper we focus on the convexity adjustment between variance and volatility swaps. It is the difference between the prices that make the two swaps fair. Our aim is to link this adjustment to the implied volatility surface. From practitioners point view this allows to have a first assessment of the volatility swap price without diving into complicated model details. To this aim we look at the SABR model and we use a small time analysis in order to derive such relationship. This technique has been used by various authors to derive extremely accurate approximation of the implied volatility arising from stochastic volatility models. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1128/JB.00348-12 | A Listeria Monocytogenes Rna Helicase Essential For Growth And Ribosomal Maturation At Low Temperatures Uses Its C Terminus For Appropriate Interaction With The Ribosome | Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive food-borne human pathogen, is able to grow at temperatures close to 0°C and is thus of great concern for the food industry. In this work, we investigated the physiological role of one DExD-box RNA helicase in Listeria monocytogenes. The RNA helicase Lmo1722 was required for optimal growth at low temperatures, whereas it was dispensable at 37°C. A Δlmo1722 strain was less motile due to downregulation of the major subunit of the flagellum, FlaA, caused by decreased flaA expression. By ribosomal fractionation experiments, it was observed that Lmo1722 was mainly associated with the 50S subunit of the ribosome. Absence of Lmo1722 decreased the fraction of 50S ribosomal subunits and mature 70S ribosomes and affected the processing of the 23S precursor rRNA. The ribosomal profile could be restored to wild-type levels in a Δlmo1722 strain expressing Lmo1722. Interestingly, the C-terminal part of Lmo1722 was redundant for low-temperature growth, motility, 23S rRNA processing, and appropriate ribosomal maturation. However, Lmo1722 lacking the C terminus showed a reduced affinity for the 50S and 70S fractions, suggesting that the C terminus is important for proper guidance of Lmo1722 to the 50S subunit. Taken together, our results show that the Listeria RNA helicase Lmo1722 is essential for growth at low temperatures, motility, and rRNA processing and is important for ribosomal maturation, being associated mainly with the 50S subunit of the ribosome. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
W2031380299 | Institutional Environment, Political Connection and Financial Constraints---Evidence from Private Enterprise in China | On the condition that formal institution of China has not protected the main economic entities especially non-public cases adequately, existed, and it has become a good complement to the formal institution. The majority of non-public economic entities form the political connection with the government actively in various ways, thus it improves their own ability to access debt capital and increases enterprises' value. We make a further refinement of the intensity of political connection in reference to historical research and make a combination of institutional environment, political connection and capital structure. We analyze the relationship between the three from both the and data validation perspectives. Firstly, we review the relevant papers from different angles. Then, we make some hypotheses, select the variables and build models to test the relationship between the three. We use the descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson correlation test, OLS regression testing and some other methods to make inference and proof to the theoretical hypotheses in order to provide quantitative basis for the theory of sublimation. Our research found that the listed private companies in the areas where have lower level of property rights protection and financial development are more likely to form a stronger political connection. The enterprises which have or have a stronger political connection can obtain more bank credit. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1145/3130800.3130817 | Fabricable Tile Decors | Recent advances in 3D printing have made it easier to manufacture customized objects by ordinary users in an affordable manner, and therefore spurred high demand for more accessible methods for designing and fabricating 3D objects of various shapes and functionalities. In this paper we present a novel approach to model and fabricate surface-like objects composed of connected tiles, which can be used as objects in daily life, such as ornaments, covers, shades or handbags. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1987703330 | Photosynthetic Physiology Characteristics of Potato （<i>Solanum Tuberosum</i>) at Tuber Initiation Responses to Water Deficit Regulated with Mulched Drip Irrigation | An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of water deficit regulated with mulched drip irrigation on photosynthetic physiology characteristics at potato tuber initiation in an arid environment. The results indicated that potato leaf photosynthetic rate (PR), transpiration rate (TR) and stomatal conductance (SC) at tuber initiation were greatly affected by water deficit regulated with mulched drip irrigation. Daily PR varied with a double-peak curve within a day at tuber initiation. The TR increased sharply after 7:00 and the maximum was marked at 13:00 in all the treatments and CK at tuber initiation, then started to decrease, and TR also decreased with soil water deficit level increase, so was SC performance. Significant positive relations (p<0.01, r=0.310**) was found between leaf water use efficiency (WUE) and PR at potato tuber initiation, but significant negative relation between WUE and TR (p<0.01, r=-0.534**) and that between WUE and SC (p<0.01, r=-0.527**) also occurred. Therefore, proper levels of water deficit regulated with mulched drip irrigation could be used to effectively regulate crop photosynthetic physiology characteristics at potato tuber initiation in an arid environment. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.24197/ersjes.40.2019.11-31 | “I mourn their nature, but admire their art”: Anna Seward’s Assertion of Critical Authority in Maturity and Old Age | In 1786 an anonymous correspondent appealed to Samuel Johnson’s biographer James Boswell in the pages of the Gentleman’s Magazine. Behind the pseudonym Benvolio was Anna Seward (1742‒1809), one of the prominent poetical voices of Britain at the time. From 1786‒87 and 1793‒94, Seward and Boswell engaged in a public and gradually acrimonious dispute over Johnson’s reputation. This article argues that at the core of the debates was Seward’s assertion of her literary and critical authority, and I contend that age and gender played key roles in Boswell’s dismissal of Seward’s claim. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
IB 2017057624 W | COMPOSITE PANEL, COMPOSITE MATERIAL, IMPREGNATOR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COMPOSITE PANEL | An impregnator for impregnating a fabric layer comprising: a chamber, the chamber being structured and arranged so as to retain a binding composition in a fluid state; a first opening being structured and arranged so as to allow the fabric layer entering the chamber in a dry state from a top portion of the chamber to be dived into the binding composition; and a second opening extending along the longitudinal axis of a bottom portion of the chamber, the second opening being structured and arranged to allow the fabric layer to exit from the bottom portion of the chamber in an impregnated state, the second opening comprising a first lip structured and arranged to be in contact with a first surface of the fabric layer and a second lip structured and arranged to be in contact with a second surface of the fabric layer. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s10519-013-9593-y | The genetic architecture of liver enzyme levels: GGT, ALT and AST | High levels of liver enzymes GGT, ALT and AST are predictive of disease and all-cause mortality and can reflect liver injury, fatty liver and/or oxidative stress. Variation in GGT, ALT and AST levels is heritable. Moderation of the heritability of these liver enzymes by age and sex has not often been explored, and it is not clear to what extent non-additive genetic and shared environmental factors may play a role. To examine the genetic architecture of GGT, ALT and AST, plasma levels were assessed in a large sample of twins, their siblings, parents and spouses (N = 8,371; age range 18-90). For GGT and ALT, but not for AST, genetic structural equation modeling showed evidence for quantitative sex differences in the genetic architecture. There was no evidence for qualitative sex differences, i. e. the same genes were expressed in males and females. Both additive and non-additive genetic factors were important for GGT in females (total heritability h2 60 %) and AST in both sexes (total h 2 43 %). The heritability of GGT in males and ALT for both sexes was due to additive effects only (GGT males 30 %; ALT males 40 %, females 22 %). Evidence emerged for shared environmental factors influencing GGT in the male offspring generation (variance explained 28 %). Thus, the same genes influence liver enzyme levels across sex and age, but their relative contribution to the variation in GGT and ALT differs in males and females and for GGT across age. Given adequate sample sizes these results suggest that genome-wide association studies may result in the detection of new susceptibility loci for liver enzyme levels when pooling results over sex and age. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1145/2660267.2660342 | Optimizing Obfuscation Avoiding Barrington S Theorem | In this work, we seek to optimize the efficiency of secure general-purpose obfuscation schemes. We focus on the problem of optimizing the obfuscation of Boolean formulas and branching programs -- this corresponds to optimizing the "core obfuscator" from the work of Garg, Gentry, Halevi, Raykova, Sahai, and Waters (FOCS 2013), and all subsequent works constructing general-purpose obfuscators. This core obfuscator builds upon approximate multilinear maps, where efficiency in proposed instantiations is closely tied to the maximum number of "levels" of multilinearity required. The most efficient previous construction of a core obfuscator, due to Barak, Garg, Kalai, Paneth, and Sahai (Eurocrypt 2014), required the maximum number of levels of multilinearity to be O(l s3. 64), where s is the size of the Boolean formula to be obfuscated, and l s is the number of input bits to the formula. In contrast, our construction only requires the maximum number of levels of multilinearity to be roughly l s, or only s when considering a keyed family of formulas, namely a class of functions of the form fz(x)=phi(z,x) where phi is a formula of size s. This results in significant improvements in both the total size of the obfuscation and the running time of evaluating an obfuscated formula. Our efficiency improvement is obtained by generalizing the class of branching programs that can be directly obfuscated. This generalization allows us to achieve a simple simulation of formulas by branching programs while avoiding the use of Barrington's theorem, on which all previous constructions relied. Furthermore, the ability to directly obfuscate general branching programs (without bootstrapping) allows us to efficiently apply our construction to natural function classes that are not known to have polynomial-size formulas. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2148454571 | Venture capital and internationalization | Cross-border investments represent a substantial share of venture capital activities. We use a new and comprehensive dataset on worldwide investments to analyze the internationalization of venture capital financing. Our results from the perspectives of (i) venture capitalists, (ii) portfolio companies, (iii) portfolio companies’ countries and (iv) pairs of venture capitalists’ and portfolio companies’ countries suggest that some factors, such as viable stock markets, boost investments by domestic as well as by foreign venture capitalists. Therefore, our results are of interest not only to academics but also to policy makers who want to foster the growth of the local venture capital industry and local companies. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.3390/ma12233858 | Silver-Copper Oxide Heteronanostructures for the Plasmonic-Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxidation of N-Hexane in the Visible-NIR Range | Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are recognized as hazardous contributors to air pollution, precursors of multiple secondary byproducts, troposphere aerosols, and recognized contributors to respiratory and cancer-related issues in highly populated areas. Moreover, VOCs present in indoor environments represent a challenging issue that need to be addressed due to its increasing presence in nowadays society. Catalytic oxidation by noble metals represents the most effective but costly solution. The use of photocatalytic oxidation has become one of the most explored alternatives given the green and sustainable advantages of using solar light or low-consumption light emitting devices. Herein, we have tried to address the shortcomings of the most studied photocatalytic systems based on titania (TiO2) with limited response in the UV-range or alternatively the high recombination rates detected in other transition metal-based oxide systems. We have developed a silver-copper oxide heteronanostructure able to combine the plasmonic-enhanced properties of Ag nanostructures with the visible-light driven photoresponse of CuO nanoarchitectures. The entangled Ag-CuO heteronanostructure exhibits a broad absorption towards the visible-near infrared (NIR) range and achieves total photo-oxidation of n-hexane under irradiation with different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) specific wavelengths at temperatures below 180 °C and outperforming its thermal catalytic response or its silver-free CuO illuminated counterpart. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
EP 87101661 A | Spring contact for an electrical plug-in connection rail. | The invention relates to a spring contact for an electrical plug connection strip having a connecting part which is used for the electrical connection to a printed-circuit board connected to the plug connection strip. In order to distribute higher currents which are to be conducted through the spring contact, the connecting part has at least two connecting tabs (1) which can be soldered or pressed in each case into a corresponding mounting hole in the printed-circuit board. <IMAGE> | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2029989820 | Utilization and Expenditure on Blood Glucose Test Strips in Canada | ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore utilization patterns and expenditures on blood glucose test strips (BGTSs) in Canada according to concurrently prescribed diabetes treatments. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective utilization analysis using administrative claims data from available public and private drug plans in Canada. Utilization and expenditures on BGTSs were calculated, as was the average daily frequency of BGTS use by concurrent diabetes pharmacotherapy. RESULTS: Expenditures on BGTSs in Canada in 8 public drug plans in 2006 were $247 million, while those in private drug plans were in excess of $81 million. Almost half of total expenditures were for patients not using insulin, despite a lower average number of BGTSs claimed per day compared with those using insulin. INTERPRETATION: In private and public drug plans in Canada, current utilization and expenditure on BGTSs is considerable. Given the size of the investment and lack of convincing evidence that routine self-monitoring of blood glucose is beneficial for patients not using insulin, there may be more cost-effective strategies for improving the health of this population. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1021/nl203503s | Direct mechanical measurements reveal the material properties of three-dimensional DNA origami | The application of three-dimensional DNA origami objects as rigid mechanical mediators or force sensing elements requires detailed knowledge about their complex mechanical properties. Using magnetic tweezers, we directly measure the bending and torsional rigidities of four- and six-helix bundles assembled by this technique. Compared to duplex DNA, we find the bending rigidities to be greatly increased while the torsional rigidities are only moderately augmented. We present a mechanical model explicitly including the crossovers between the individual helices in the origami structure that reproduces the experimentally observed behavior. Our results provide an important basis for the future application of 3D DNA origami in nanomechanics. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
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