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W2162551555 | Evidence that non-linear elasticity contributes to the seismic coda | SUMMARY
Different factors might affect the propagation of seismic waves producing scattering, including heterogeneities and non-linear elasticity. A key difference between these two factors is the dependence of the strength of the scattered waves on the strength of the incident wave, being linear for the former and non-linear for the latter. A detailed study of the TIPTEQ data, where about a hundred explosions were recorded on 180 three-component stations in the distance range of approximately 0–100 km, shows that this dependence is non-linear. Data were analysed in the following way: (i) the envelope of bandpass filtered data between 10 and 40 Hz was obtained for a large number of stations from different distance ranges and charge sizes of shots, (ii) for these distances we modelled the envelope considering the non-linear elasticity. The shapes of the theoretical and observed envelopes were in general very similar. A scale factor for each case was obtained considering the best fit of its complete envelope and (iii) since this scale factor depends mainly on the size of the explosion, we computed the ratio (R) of the scale factor (sf) for different sizes of explosions at the same distance. Finally, varying the distance between 0 and 50 km and (iv) we computed the power (p) of the dependence of the ratio (R) on the ratio of the charge sizes []. For the complete data set we obtain a value of p= 2.5 ± 0.9, which is clearly greater than 1. This shows that non-linear elasticity is an important factor in the contribution to seismic wave scattering in the frequency range of 10–40 Hz. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
interreg_2236 | Mediterranean network for the valorization and fruition of Inscriptions preserved in museums | Jordan and Lebanon are home to an important and exclusive Nabataean and Phoenician heritage. The history of Phoenician cities and the Petra Nabataean kingdom is nowadays almost exclusively known by epigraphic material. The ancient people of Jordan and Lebanon produced countless pieces of artworks and inscriptions that bear an undeniably unique historical value. However, time is slowly corroding such heritage. On the one hand, this cultural heritage is suffering the negative influence of nature and people. On the other hand, such heritage is often neglected by populations. To enhance the promotion, utilisation and conservation of epigraphic heritage in Jordan and Lebanon, MEDINA will apply innovative IT solutions and develop dvertising/marketing strategies for concerned museums. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-54669-8_9 | Single Trace Side Channel Attacks On Scalar Multiplications With Precomputations | Single-trace side-channel attacks are a serious threat to elliptic curve cryptography in practice because they can break also cryptosystems where scalars are nonces (e. g. , ECDSA). Previously it was believed that single-trace attacks can be avoided by using scalar multiplication algorithms with regular patterns of operations but recently we have learned that they can be broken with correlation tests to decide whether different operations share common operands. In this work, we extend these attacks to scalar multiplication algorithms with precomputations. We show that many algorithms are vulnerable to our attack which correlates measurements with precomputed values. We also show that successful attacks are possible even without knowledge of precomputed values by using clustering instead of correlations. We provide extensive evidence for the feasibility of the attacks with simulations and experiments with an 8-bit AVR. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness of certain countermeasures against our attacks. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
215835 | Efficient, modular and ligthweight electromagnetic induction based ice protection system | The general goal of the Project is to reach an efficient, modular and lightweight electromagnetic induction based ice protection system, which uniformly heats the wing leading edge surface.
One of the main objectives of the induction based ice-protection system is to achieve at least a 95% heating efficiency. In addition to efficiency, ice-protection system speed is essential in order to act on time and accurately without excessive on-board system consumption. Therefore, another one of the objectives of this project is to improve the speed, while providing a precise and targeted control of the generated heat facing the drawbacks of current on-board ice-protection systems. Finally, the weight of the whole solution must be minimized, essential in on-board aircraft systems. The final objective is to reach an ice-protection system with at least the same weight as current on-board ice-protection systems or on the contrary, the sum of its weight and its impact on on-board resources due to its high heating efficiency must be at least equal to current ice-protection solutions. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/1475-7516/2016/08/042 | Constraining Curvatonic Reheating | We derive the first systematic observational constraints on reheating in models of inflation where an additional light scalar field contributes to primordial density perturbations and affects the expansion history during reheating. This encompasses the original curvaton model but also covers a larger class of scenarios. We find that, compared to the single-field case, lower values of the energy density at the end of inflation and of the reheating temperature are preferred when an additional scalar field is introduced. For instance, if inflation is driven by a quartic potential, which is one of the most favoured models when a light scalar field is added, the upper bound T(reh) < 5 × 10(4) GeV on the reheating temperature T(reh) is derived, and the implications of this value on post-inflationary physics are discussed. The information gained about reheating is also quantified and it is found that it remains modest in plateau inflation (though still larger than in the single-field version of the model) but can become substantial in quartic inflation. The role played by the vev of the additional scalar field at the end of inflation is highlighted, and opens interesting possibilities for exploring stochastic inflation effects that could determine its distribution. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1039/c8cp01360h | A thermostated cell for electrochemistry: minimising natural convection and investigating the role of evaporation and radiation | Physical insights into thermostating in electrochemical cells are obtained through simulations and applied to the design of a novel cell. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/2017GL074326 | Stochastic Dynamics Of Intermittent Pore Scale Particle Motion In Three Dimensional Porous Media Experiments And Theory | American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. We study the evolution of velocity in time, which fundamentally controls the way dissolved substances are transported and spread in porous media. Experiments are conducted that use tracer particles to track the motion of substances in water, as it flows through transparent, 3-D synthetic sandstones. Particle velocities along streamlines are found to be intermittent and strongly correlated, while their probability density functions are lognormal and nonstationary. We demonstrate that these particle velocity characteristics can be explained and modeled as a continuous time random walk that is both Markovian and mean reverting toward the stationary state. Our model accurately captures the fine-scale velocity fluctuations observed in each tested sandstone, as well as their respective dispersion regime progression from initially ballistic, to superdiffusive, and finally Fickian . Model parameterization is based on the correlation length and mean and standard deviation of the velocity distribution, thus linking pore-scale attributes with macroscale transport behavior for both short and long time scales. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-017-00285-1 | Measuring inter-protein pairwise interaction energies from a single native mass spectrum by double-mutant cycle analysis | The strength and specificity of protein complex formation is crucial for most life processes and is determined by interactions between residues in the binding partners. Double-mutant cycle analysis provides a strategy for studying the energetic coupling between amino acids at the interfaces of such complexes. Here we show that these pairwise interaction energies can be determined from a single high-resolution native mass spectrum by measuring the intensities of the complexes formed by the two wild-type proteins, the complex of each wild-type protein with a mutant protein, and the complex of the two mutant proteins. This native mass spectrometry approach, which obviates the need for error-prone measurements of binding constants, can provide information regarding multiple interactions in a single spectrum much like nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) in nuclear magnetic resonance. Importantly, our results show that specific inter-protein contacts in solution are maintained in the gas phase. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-24206-9_20 | Datalog A Family Of Languages For Ontology Querying | In ontology-based data access, an extensional database is enhanced by an ontology that generates new intensional knowledge which has to be considered when answering queries. In this setting, tractable data complexity (i. e. , complexity w. r. t. the data only) of query answering is crucial, given the need to deal with large data sets. This paper summarizes results on a recently introduced family of Datalog-based languages, called Datalog+/-, which is a new framework for tractable ontology querying. Plain Datalog is extended by allowing existential quantifiers, the equality predicate, and the truth constant false to appear in rule heads. At the same time, the resulting language is syntactically restricted, so as to achieve decidability and even tractability. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1364/OE.25.001762 | Plasmonic Modulator With 170 Ghz Bandwidth Demonstrated At 100 Gbd Nrz | We demonstrate a plasmonic Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator with a flat frequency response exceeding 170 GHz. The modulator comprises two phase modulators exploiting the Pockels effect of an organic electro-optic material in plasmonic slot waveguides. We further show modulation at 100 GBd NRZ and 60 GBd PAM-4. The electrical drive signals were generated using a 100 GSa/s digital to analog converter (DAC). The high-speed and small-scale devices are relevant for next-generation optical interconnects. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
Q4768923 | MEDIACENTER SOCIETA' COOPERATIVA CONSORTILE | LA COOPERATIVA MEDIACENTER OPERA DA OLTRE 20 ANNI NEL SETTORE DEL SERVIZI DI CONSEGNA E TRASPORTO MERCI . HA LA SEDE LEGALE IN GENOVA, VIA BORZOLI 122/C/3 CON UTILIZZO DI 5 UFFICI , DISPONE DI UN AREA DI CIRCA 200 MQ DI MAGAZZINI OLTRE AD UN AREA DI PIU' 150 MQ DI PARCHEGGIO PER I PROPRI MEZZI. SVOLGE ATTIVITA' AMMINISTRATIVA PER SE E PER LE CONSORZIATE E IN PARTICOLARE DI VEICOLAZIONE PASTI PRESSO OSPEDALI E SCUOLE NEL TERRITORIO GENOVESE . ATTUALMENTE SONO IN FORZA ALLA COOPERATIVA 16 PERSONE TRA AUTISTI ED IMPIEGATI. REALIZZA UN FATTURATO DI CIRCA 10 MILIONI DI EURO TRAMITE I PROPRI ADDETTI E TRAMITE LE COOPERATIVE CONSORZIATE . | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
339442 | Trans-Atlantic Imaging of Lithosphere Asthenosphere Boundary | The Plate Tectonics Theory is the most important discovery in all of earth sciences. It is based on the concept of plates (lithosphere) that float over the asthenosphere. Although the lithosphere is a basic building block of the plate tectonics theory, its nature, its thickness, its boundary with the asthenosphere (LAB) are still matter of heated debates. Here we propose to image the LAB and internal structure of the lithosphere at a very high-resolution using a combination of different geophysical methods in a systematic manner across the Atlantic Ocean (Trans-Atlantic) for a lithosphere of 0-100 Ma age. Along with using seismological and magnetotelluric methods, we propose to use a technology newly developed for the oil and gas exploration that is capable of providing a seismic reflection image down to 120 km depth with a few hundred metres resolution, resolving the controversy on the formation and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere once and for all, filling the gap between seismological and seismic reflection methods, opening up a new frontier of research, and creating synergy between academic and industrial research to address fundamental scientific problems. These new seismic data should also provide images of melt lenses in the mantle beneath the spreading centre axis, if present, which will help us to build a new model of melt generation and migration from the mantle. We should also be able to image deep penetrating faults that might have been generated due to the cooling of the lithosphere as it moved away from the spreading centre, allowing the development of a new model of hydration of the oceanic lithosphere, which would be extremely valuable for the understanding of the earthquake process at subduction zones. The imaging of the structure down to 120 km in an oceanic environment would be a major breakthrough, and likely to open up new horizons for deep seismic imaging. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W1978351154 | Clinical and Histopathologic Features of Fluoroquinolone-Induced Liver Injury | Fluoroquinolone-induced liver injury is rare; no prospective studies of well-characterized case series have been published. We studied patients with fluoroquinolone-induced hepatotoxicity from the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) to characterize injury patterns, outcomes, and associated features.We identified subjects with fluoroquinolone hepatotoxicity enrolled in the DILIN from September 2004 to January 2010. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods.Of the 679 registrants in the DILIN prospective study, 12 had fluoroquinolone hepatotoxicity (6 ciprofloxacin, 4 moxifloxacin, 1 levofloxacin, and 1 gatifloxacin). Seven were women; median age was 57 years (range, 23-80 years), and median time from fluoroquinolone start to symptoms was only 4 days (range, 1-39 days). Nine patients developed symptoms on medication; 3 did so 2, 8, and 32 days after stopping the medication. Cases were equally distributed among hepatocellular injury (predominantly increased levels of alanine aminotransferase), cholestatic injury (predominantly increased levels of alkaline phosphatase), and both. Seven patients had immunoallergic features. Patients with mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic injury had mild disease without jaundice; all recovered. In contrast, 2 of 4 patients with hepatocellular injury and jaundice died, 1 of acute liver failure. One patient with cholestatic injury developed vanishing bile duct syndrome and required liver transplantation; another had a persistently increased serum level of alkaline phosphatase.Fluoroquinolone liver injury is rapid in onset and often has immunoallergic features, indicating a hypersensitivity reaction. The pattern of injury can be hepatocellular, cholestatic, or mixed; mixed cases are the least severe. Acute and chronic liver failure can occur. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1137/110835645 | Blow Up Analysis For Anomalous Granular Gases | We investigate in this article the long-time behaviour of the solutions to the energy-dependant, spatially-homogeneous, inelastic Boltzmann equation for hard spheres. This model describes a diluted gas composed of hard spheres under statistical description, that dissipates energy during collisions. We assume that the gas is "anomalous", in the sense that energy dissipation increases when temperature decreases. This allows the gas to cool down in finite time. We study existence and uniqueness of blow up profiles for this model, together with the trend to equilibrium and the cooling law associated, generalizing the classical Haff's Law for granular gases. To this end, we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the inelastic Boltzmann equation with and without drift term by introducing new strongly "nonlinear" self-similar variables. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1021/acs.est.9b01339 | Microplastics Can Change Soil Properties and Affect Plant Performance | Microplastics can affect biophysical properties of the soil. However, little is known about the cascade of events in fundamental levels of terrestrial ecosystems, i. e. , starting with the changes in soil abiotic properties and propagating across the various components of soil-plant interactions, including soil microbial communities and plant traits. We investigated here the effects of six different microplastics (polyester fibers, polyamide beads, and four fragment types: polyethylene, polyester terephthalate, polypropylene, and polystyrene) on a broad suite of proxies for soil health and performance of spring onion (Allium fistulosum). Significant changes were observed in plant biomass, tissue elemental composition, root traits, and soil microbial activities. These plant and soil responses to microplastic exposure were used to propose a causal model for the mechanism of the effects. Impacts were dependent on particle type, i. e. , microplastics with a shape similar to other natural soil particles elicited smaller differences from control. Changes in soil structure and water dynamics may explain the observed results in which polyester fibers and polyamide beads triggered the most pronounced impacts on plant traits and function. The findings reported here imply that the pervasive microplastic contamination in soil may have consequences for plant performance and thus for agroecosystems and terrestrial biodiversity. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1007/s00220-019-03410-x | Scale and Möbius Covariance in Two-Dimensional Haag–Kastler Net | Given a two-dimensional Haag–Kastler net which is Poincaré-dilation covariant with additional properties, we prove that it can be extended to a Möbius covariant net. Additional properties are either a certain condition on modular covariance, or a variant of strong additivity. The proof relies neither on the existence of stress-energy tensor nor any assumption on scaling dimensions. We exhibit some examples of Poincaré-dilation covariant net which cannot be extended to a Möbius covariant net, and discuss the obstructions. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1080/1369801X.2013.798477 | Speaking The Strong Words | This essay examines performative elements in northern Dene political assemblies and meetings in Canada. Of special interest are the politics of speech and particularly the use of speech to draw together or enact or perform contemporary indigenous community. The critical site of interrogation is a key strategic meeting that took place in 2006 between two Kascho'got'ine communities in the Sahtu region of the Northwest Territories in order to consider resource extraction on Dene lands. A discussion of that meeting's protocols unfolds a range of issues about speech ethics, communicative competence and embodied communication. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.5194/tc-7-141-2013 | An estimate of global glacier volume | I assess the feasibility of using multivariate scaling relationships to estimate glacier volume from glacier inventory data. Scaling laws are calibrated against volume observations optimized for the specific purpose of estimating total global glacier ice volume. I find that adjustments for continentality and elevation range improve skill of area-volume scaling. These scaling relationships are applied to each record in the Randolph Glacier Inventory, which is the first globally complete inventory of glaciers and ice caps. I estimate that the total volume of all glaciers in the world is 0. 35 ± 0. 07 m sea level equivalent, including ice sheet peripheral glaciers. This is substantially less than a recent state-of-the-art estimate. Area-volume scaling bias issues for large ice masses, and incomplete inventory data are offered as explanations for the difference. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
Q3276071 | JPTT20-COVID19-KLUN | Configurador KLUN- Atividades c) Fazer ferramentas digitais para configurar a solução de produtos selecionados por um potencial cliente em pelo menos uma língua estrangeira, incluindo tradução | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W120691190 | Ovarian dermoid causing pilimiction. | Ovarian dermoid cyst is one of the common problems seen in gynaecology, they make upto 10 - 25% of all ovarian neoplasms and are usually seen in younger age group. Mature cystic teratomas are usually an incidental finding during a clinical examinations, radiographic studies or during abdominal operations performed for other indications. Other presentations include abdominal symptoms from complications of the cyst such as torsion, rupture, infection and malignant transformation. Dermoid cyst in urinary bladder is a very rare condition. Here we are presenting a case report of a female who presented with lower abdominal pain and passage of hair in urine (pilimiction). Upon investigations it was found that patient had right sided dermoid which had penetrated the wall of bladder and expelled its contents in the bladder. This was a very rare presentation and no such case has been reported in Pakistani literature. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.5194/gmd-7-3153-2014 | ORACLE (v1.0): Module to simulate the organic aerosol composition and evolution in the atmosphere | A computationally efficient module to describe organic aerosol (OA) partitioning and chemical aging has been developed and implemented into the EMAC atmospheric chemistry-climate model. The model simulates the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from semivolatile (SVOCs), intermediate-volatility (IVOCs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It distinguishes SVOCs from biomass burning and all other combustion sources using two surrogate species for each source category with an effective saturation concentration at 298 K of C∗ Combining double low line 0. 1 and 10 μg mg-3. Two additional surrogate species with C∗ Combining double low line 103 and 105 μg mg-3 are used for the IVOCs emitted by the above source categories. Gas-phase photochemical reactions that change the volatility of the organics are taken into account. The oxidation products (SOA-sv, SOA-iv, and SOA-v) of each group of precursors (SVOCs, IVOCs, and VOCs) are simulated separately to keep track of their origin. ORACLE efficiently describes the OA composition and evolution in the atmosphere and can be used to (i) estimate the relative contributions of SOA and primary organic aerosol (POA) to total OA, (ii) determine how SOA concentrations are affected by biogenic and anthropogenic emissions, and (iii) evaluate the effects of photochemical aging and long-range transport on the OA budget. We estimate that the global average near-surface OA concentration is 1. 5 μg mg-3 and consists of 7% POA from fuel combustion, 11% POA from biomass burning, 2% SOA-sv from fuel combustion, 3% SOA-sv from biomass burning, 15% SOA-iv from fuel combustion, 28% SOA-iv from biomass burning, 19% biogenic SOA-v, and 15% anthropogenic SOA-v. The modeled tropospheric burden of OA components is 0. 23 Tg POA, 0. 16 Tg SOA-sv, 1. 41 Tg SOA-iv, and 1. 2 Tg SOA-v. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-018-05697-1 | High-resolution visualization of H3 variants during replication reveals their controlled recycling | DNA replication is a challenge for the faithful transmission of parental information to daughter cells, as both DNA and chromatin organization must be duplicated. Replication stress further complicates the safeguard of epigenome integrity. Here, we investigate the transmission of the histone variants H3. 3 and H3. 1 during replication. We follow their distribution relative to replication timing, first in the genome and, second, in 3D using super-resolution microscopy. We find that H3. 3 and H3. 1 mark early- and late-replicating chromatin, respectively. In the nucleus, H3. 3 forms domains, which decrease in density throughout replication, while H3. 1 domains increase in density. Hydroxyurea impairs local recycling of parental histones at replication sites. Similarly, depleting the histone chaperone ASF1 affects recycling, leading to an impaired histone variant landscape. We discuss how faithful transmission of histone variants involves ASF1 and can be impacted by replication stress, with ensuing consequences for cell fate and tumorigenesis. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1039/c6cp08704c | Interpolated energy densities, correlation indicators and lower bounds from approximations to the strong coupling limit of DFT | We investigate the construction of approximated exchange-correlation functionals by interpolating locally along the adiabatic connection between the weak- and the strong-coupling regimes, focussing on the effect of using approximate functionals for the strong-coupling energy densities. The gauge problem is avoided by dealing with quantities that are all locally defined in the same way. Using exact ingredients at weak coupling we are able to isolate the error coming from the approximations at strong coupling only. We find that the nonlocal radius model, which retains some of the non-locality of the exact strong-coupling regime, yields very satisfactory results. We also use interpolation models and quantities from the weak- and strong-coupling regimes to define a correlation-type indicator and a lower bound to the exact exchange-correlation energy. Open problems, related to the nature of the local and global slope of the adiabatic connection at weak coupling, are also discussed. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W2028406049 | Mesoscopic Anderson box: Connecting weak to strong coupling | Both the weakly coupled and strong coupling Anderson impurity problems are characterized by a Fermi-liquid theory with weakly interacting quasiparticles. In an Anderson box, mesoscopic fluctuations of the effective single particle properties will be large. We study how the statistical fluctuations at low temperature in these two problems are connected, using random matrix theory and the slave boson mean field approximation (SBMFA). First, for a resonant level model such as results from the SBMFA, we find the joint distribution of energy levels with and without the resonant level present. Second, if only energy levels within the Kondo resonance are considered, the distributions of perturbed levels collapse to universal forms for both orthogonal and unitary ensembles for all values of the coupling. These universal curves are described well by a simple Wigner-surmise type toy model. Third, we study the fluctuations of the mean field parameters in the SBMFA, finding that they are small. Finally, the change in the intensity of an eigenfunction at an arbitrary point is studied, such as is relevant in conductance measurements: we find that the introduction of the strongly-coupled impurity considerably changes the wave function but that a substantial correlation remains. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1039/c8cp01898g | Shifted equilibria of organic acids and bases in the aqueous surface region | Acid-base equilibria of carboxylic acids and alkyl amines in the aqueous surface region were studied using surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Solutions of these organic compounds were examined as a function of pH, concentration and chain length to investigate the distribution of acid and base form in the surface region as compared to the aqueous bulk. Results from these experiments show that the neutral forms of the studied acid-base pairs are strongly enriched in the aqueous surface region. Moreover, we show that for species with at least four carbon atoms in their alkyl-chain, their charged forms are also found to be abundant in the surface region. Using a combination of XPS and MD results, a model is proposed that effectively describes the surface composition. Resulting absolute surface concentration estimations show clearly that the total organic mole fractions in the surface region change drastically as a function of solution pH. The origin of the observed surface phenomena, hydronium/hydroxide concentrations in the aqueous surface region and why standard chemical equations, used to describe equilibria in dilute bulk solution are not valid in the aqueous surface region, are discussed in detail. The reported results are of considerable importance especially for the detailed understanding of properties of small aqueous droplets that can be found in the atmosphere. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
645425 | Unveiling the true historical and biological origins of key phenotypes in modern domestic horses | The horse provided humankind with the ability to travel well above its own speed and changed the face of warfare, and the geographic expansion of people, languages and culture. As such, the domestication of the horse some 5,500 years ago represents not less than a turning point in human history. While domestication shaped a great diversity of horse phenotypes, fit for a wealth of human purpose, many of the underlying causative genetic variants, and the geographic and temporal locus of their associated native breeding centers remain unclear. The HOPE project is aimed at the identification and functional validation of genetic innovations that have accompanied the birth and spread of important phenotypic traits during the history of modern domestic horses. Our methodology will leverage state-of-the-art methodologies in two complementary research fields, each synergizing the core expertise of the supervising host and postdoctoral fellow. These will first consist of using the ancient DNA and population genomics toolkits for shortlisting genomic variants candidates for driving important phenotypic features, and second harnessing the full power of functional genomics to measure some of their biological mechanism in cellular. The HOPE project will, thus, fill an important gap in our knowledge of horse evolution and will mark the birth of a new era in archeo-genomics, moving away from the sole description of putative adaptive markers, currently limiting most common studies, to the investigation of the conformational, performance, physiological and medical in living animals. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
interreg_817 | Cambusa | This project (named after the Italian for "galley/pantry") supports the integration between nautical tourism and local quality food production. It tackles the transnational challenge of combining the two production chains by targeting boating tourists, who can offer a significant commercial outlet with substantial spending capacity. The central objective is the creation of a network of companies that can strengthen the sectors concerned by improving port services and the penetration capacity of agri-food companies in particularly interesting new international markets. An App connected to a website will allow boaters to buy food products and book services (e.g. boat mooring) in ports. The system will be supported by a logistic organisation that will allow the boaters to get the goods upon arriving at the port and provide display cases at pilot ports. The project will create a brand with production specifications and a business model for network companies to manage the system after the EU funding has been exhausted. The cross-border approach will have a significant multiplier effect; in every pilot port, boaters will find a list of other participating ports where they can try out new companies and products of excellence. The innovation of the project lies in 2 main aspects: the use of the most modern technologies and the creation and validation of a model that can be improved and expanded even after the end of the EU funding and beyond the cooperation area. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
677693 | Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Claims of Asylum: A European human rights challenge | This project will generate the first ever theoretically and empirically-grounded comparative and comprehensive picture of the status and legal experiences of asylum-seekers across Europe claiming international protection on the basis of their sexual orientation or gender identity (SOGI), and determine how the European asylum systems can treat more fairly asylum claims based on the claimant’s SOGI. Every year, thousands of individuals claim asylum in Europe based on their SOGI, and more often than not their claims are treated unfairly, especially considering the disproportionately high rate of refusals on these grounds. There have been very limited attempts to address this issue, and this research will overcome this gap by carrying out a study more comprehensive than any other done in this field in the past, and producing outcomes that are unparalleled in terms of their reach.
My main objectives are: 1) to analyse how SOGI related claims are adjudicated in different asylum legal European frameworks (EU, CoE, Germany, Italy, UK), and 2) to produce detailed policy recommendations in regard to the national, European Union and Council of Europe asylum adjudication systems, to the effect of developing a system that addresses adequately the socio-cultural, gender identity and sexual diversity of asylum-seekers.
For the first time, a combined comparative, interdisciplinary (socio-legal), human rights and empirical approach will be adopted to research this field, which requires a substantial long period of research and sustained funding. This approach ensures the unique character of the findings and their impact on improving the current law, policy and decision-making regarding SOGI asylum claims, which are increasingly under close scrutiny across Europe. I am in a unique position to achieve these objectives, in the light of my experience with publications , projects and NGOs in the field of human rights and refugees from socio-legal, empirical and European perspectives. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W1917266961 | The contrasting effects of deposited NH4+ and NO3− on soil CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in a subtropical plantation, southern China | Abstract Background and aims Deposited NH 4 + and NO 3 − differently affect soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles due to their contrasting actions in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little information on the effects of exogenous NH 4 + and NO 3 − inputs on the exchange of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the subtropical plantation soils as well as their contribution to global warming is available to date. Methods Based on a field experiment, two-form (NH 4 Cl and NaNO 3 ) and two-level (40 and 120 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) of N addition, in a slash pine plantation of southern China, we investigated soil CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes and related auxiliary variables (soil temperature and moisture) twice a week using static chamber–gas chromatography. The total global warming potential (GWP) of soil GHG fluxes and N 2 O emission factor (EF) were calculated. Results Low level of NaNO 3 addition significantly increased cumulative annual soil CO 2 emission by 33.7%. N addition significantly promoted annual soil N 2 O emission by 2.4–6.9 folds; moreover, ammonium-N addition had a greater promotion to soil N 2 O emission than nitrate-N addition. However, short-term N addition did not change soil CH 4 uptake. Also, soil CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes were positively correlated with soil temperature and moisture, while soil CH 4 uptake was only driven by soil moisture. Overall, elevated N addition increased the total GWP, and changed the temperature sensitivity (Q 10 ) of soil CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes. Conclusions These results suggest that chronic atmospheric N deposition changes soil-atmospheric GHG fluxes in the subtropical plantation of southern China depending on the levels and forms of N input, and would exacerbate global warming. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1002/jgt.21851 | Monochromatic Clique Decompositions of Graphs | Let G be a graph whose edges are colored with k colors, and H=(H1,Hk) be a k-tuple of graphs. A monochromatic H-decomposition of G is a partition of the edge set of G such that each part is either a single edge or forms a monochromatic copy of Hi in color i, for some 1≤i≤k. Let φk(n,H) be the smallest number φ, such that, for every order-n graph and every k-edge-coloring, there is a monochromatic H-decomposition with at most φ elements. Extending the previous results of Liu and Sousa [Monochromatic Kr-decompositions of graphs, J Graph Theory 76 (2014), 89-100], we solve this problem when each graph in H is a clique and n≥n0(H) is sufficiently large. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
3732677 | The challenges of return migration in africa in the age of complex emergencies: comparing multilevel governance systems in ethiopia and nigeria | This project fills the research and policy gaps in the understudied phenomenon of return migration in Africa, against the backdrop of recent migration 'crisis' in Europe, the increasing securitization of the EU's external borders to curb irregular migration, and the complex emergencies faced by migrants transiting through Libya to Europe. It uses a multilevel governance (MLG) framework to explore the decision-making processes/politics of returning stranded migrants from Libya to their countries of origin in the context of interdependence between governmental actors and nongovernmental organizations at the local, national, regional, and global levels. The few previous studies on return migration in Africa have given relatively little attention to these critical linkages and their reciprocal constructions, in the integrated manner of the MLG approach. The project explores the effects of MLG dynamics on return migrants' reintegration, and the effects of institutional complexity on intergovernmental coordination and policy coherence. The empirical study focuses on Ethiopia and Nigeria, two key priority countries under the EU-IOM Joint Initiative for Migrant Protection and Reintegration, which have served as major countries of origin for migrants and which have witnessed the return of migrants from Libya. The project uses structured focused comparison and process tracing research design, and qualitative methods involving in-depth interviews with returnees and key informants, and document analysis. Consistent with the understanding of MLG as a complex interaction between multiple configurations of actors with divergent interests, ideas and power resources, this study will analyze the mechanisms through which multiple governance authorities interact to shape return migration policies/politics, how these multilevel policies/politics affect sustainable reintegration of returnee migrants, and the strategies used by these migrants to navigate complex MLG dynamics. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W1491479660 | From monuments to cultural landscapes: Rethinking heritage management in Botswana | This thesis aims to understand how Manonnye Gorge in eastern Botswana can be sustainably managed as both a natural and cultural landscape. At issue are conflicting views over the meaning and legitimate uses of the Gorge by the National Museum, Monuments and Art Gallery (NMMAG), tourists, and the community in Moremi, at the edge of the gorge. Regional survey in the gorge and ethnographic research with the Moremi community led to a more complex understanding of how conflicting perceptions of the gorge as a sacred cultural landscape by community members and as a natural monument by NMMAG have affected implementation of ecotourism projects. The thesis critiques the idea of the gorge as simply a natural monument and provides recommendations for reassessing management plans and ecotourism projects. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1063/1.4943379 | Free Carrier Generation And Recombination In Pbs Quantum Dot Solar Cells | Time Delayed Collection Field and Bias Assisted Charge Extraction (BACE) experiments are used to investigate the charge carrier dynamics in PbS colloidal quantum dot solar cells. We find that the free charge carrier creation is slightly field dependent, thus providing an upper limit to the fill factor. The BACE measurements reveal a rather high effective mobility of 2×10−3 cm2/Vs, meaning that charge extraction is efficient. On the other hand, a rather high steady state non-geminate recombination coefficient of 3×10−10 cm3/s is measured. We, therefore, propose a rapid free charge recombination to constitute the main origin for the limited efficiency of the PbS colloidal quantum dots cells. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/c5cc01099c | Fluorescence-detected magnetic field effects on radical pair reactions from femtolitre volumes | Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy the effects of applied magnetic fields on radical pair reactions can be sensitively measured from sample volumes as low as ∼100 fL. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1016/j.lithos.2016.05.019 | First evidence of hydrous silicic fluid films around solid inclusions in gem-quality diamonds | Diamonds form from fluids or melts circulating at depth in the Earth's mantle. Analysis of these fluids is possible if they remain entrapped in the diamond during its growth, but this is rarely observed in gem-quality stones. We provide the first evidence that typical mineral inclusions in gem-quality diamonds from the Siberian and Kaapvaal cratons are surrounded by a thin film of hydrous silicic fluid of maximum thickness 1. 5 μm. The fluid contains Si2O(OH)6, Si(OH)4, and molecular H2O and was identified using confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray tomographic microscopy. As the solid mineral inclusions have both peridotitic and eclogitic affinities and occur in two cratonic regions, our results demonstrate the strong connection between water-rich fluids and the growth of gem-quality lithospheric diamonds. The presence of the fluid films should be taken into account for a proper evaluation of H2O contents in the mantle based on H2O contents in solid inclusions and for a robust assessment of diamond formation pressures based on the residual pressures of the inclusions. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-56802-7_24 | Synergies Evaluation Of The Schunk S5Fh For Grasping Control | In this work, a study on postural synergies has been conducted on an under-actuated anthropomorphic hand , the SCHUNK Five-Fingered Hand (S5FH). Human hand grasps are mapped on the robotic hand using fingertips measurements, obtained with an RGBD camera sensor, and inverse kinematics. Since the S5FH is under-actuated, an approximate solution can be obtained using the differential kinematics mapping between the motor space and the Cartesian space and a closed-loop inverse kinematics (CLIK), based on a high-rectangular hand Jacobian that takes into account the mechanical synergies of the hand. The so-computed motor synergies have been tested for hand control during grasping. The motor current measurements have been used to limit the grasping forces trough a motor position control in the synergies subspace. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1093/gji/ggt285 | Observations of changing anisotropy across the southern margin of the African LLSVP | We present evidence for the presence of complex anisotropy in the lowermost mantle from 3-D waveform modelling of observed core-diffracted shear waves that sample the southern edge of the African Large Low Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP). The anomalously strong amplitude of the SV component for the shear core-diffracted phase at large distances indicates the presence of anisotropy. We measure shear wave splitting parameters to determine which part of the elastic tensor is constrained by this particular data set. The modelling is performed using the spectral element method. The anisotropy is strong outside the LLSVP, weakens or rotates close to its boundary, and appears to be absent inside the LLSVP. The presence of the LLSVP margin may cause flow in the mantle to change direction. The occurrence of strong anisotropy in the region of fast seismic velocities is compatible with lattice-preferred orientation in post-perovskite due to accommodation of flow through dislocation creep. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-66709-6_16 | A Primal Dual Network For Low Level Vision Problems | In the past, classic energy optimization techniques were the driving force in many innovations and are a building block for almost any problem in computer vision. Efficient algorithms are mandatory to achieve real-time processing, needed in many applications like autonomous driving. However, energy models - even if designed by human experts - might never be able to fully capture the complexity of natural scenes and images. Similar to optimization techniques, Deep Learning has changed the landscape of computer vision in recent years and has helped to push the performance of many models to never experienced heights. Our idea of a primal-dual network is to combine the structure of regular energy optimization techniques, in particular of first order methods, with the flexibility of Deep Learning to adapt to the statistics of the input data. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2079794499 | Computation of pharmacophore models for the prediction of mitogen-activated protein kinase activated protein kinase-2 inhibitory activity of pyrrolopyridines | This article is an attempt to formulate the three-dimensional pharmacophore modelling of pyrrolopyridine derivatives inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase activated protein kinase-2 (MK2). To understand the essential structural features for MK2 inhibitors, pharmacophore hypothesis were built on the basis of a set of known MK2 inhibitors selected from literature using PHASE program. Three pharmacophore models with one hydrogen-bond acceptor (A), two hydrogen-bond donors (D), one hydrophobic group (H) and one aromatic ring (R) as pharmacophoric features were developed. Amongst them the pharmacophore hypothesis ADDHR1 yielded a statistically significant 3D-QSAR model with 0.926 as R2 value and was considered to be the best pharmacophore hypothesis. The developed pharmacophore model was externally validated by predicting the activity of test set molecules. The squared predictive correlation coefficient of 0.882 was observed between experimental and predicted activity values of test set molecules. The geometry and features of pharmacophore was expected to be useful for the design of selective MK2 inhibitors. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1982888470 | Modification of a donor-acceptor photovoltaic polymer by integration of optoelectronic moieties into its side chains | Abstract In this study, a strategy to modify photovoltaic properties of a known material by integrating certain optoelectronic moieties in its side chains has been described. Thus, a plenty of single and dendritic carbazole units were introduced into the side chains of poly(2,7-(9,9-dialkyl-fluorene)- alt -5,5′-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)) (PFDTBT), a famous donor-acceptor alternative conjugated polymer, to see what and how they can change the latter optoelectronic properties. It was found that such modifications not only increase the polymer light-harvesting capabilities in the UV region, but also enhance hole mobility in the pure film state. Furthermore, complicated photophysical and photochemical processes, including energy transfer, electron transfer and site-isolation effect, were observed to take place between carbazole units and the PFDTBT conjugated backbone. These factors work comprehensively and finally improve the polymer photovoltaic properties when modified with single carbazole units, but deteriorate when modified with dendritic carbazole units. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41550-016-0035 | Rare meteorites common in the Ordovician period | Most meteorites that fall today are H and L type ordinary chondrites, yet the main belt asteroids best positioned to deliver meteorites are LL chondrites 1,2. This suggests that the current meteorite flux is dominated by fragments from recent asteroid breakup events 3,4 and therefore is not representative over longer (100-Myr) timescales. Here we present the first reconstruction of the composition of the background meteorite flux to Earth on such timescales. From limestone that formed about one million years before the breakup of the L-chondrite parent body 466 Myr ago, we have recovered relict minerals from coarse micrometeorites. By elemental and oxygen-isotopic analyses, we show that before 466 Myr ago, achondrites from different asteroidal sources had similar or higher abundances than ordinary chondrites. The primitive achondrites, such as lodranites and acapulcoites, together with related ungrouped achondrites, made up ∼15-34% of the flux compared with only ∼0. 45% today. Another group of abundant achondrites may be linked to a 500-km cratering event on (4) Vesta that filled the inner main belt with basaltic fragments a billion years ago 5. Our data show that the meteorite flux has varied over geological time as asteroid disruptions create new fragment populations that then slowly fade away from collisional and dynamical evolution. The current flux favours disruption events that are larger, younger and/or highly efficient at delivering material to Earth. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.016804 | Quantum Mutual Information as a Probe for Many-Body Localization | We demonstrate that the quantum mutual information (QMI) is a useful probe to study many-body localization (MBL). First, we focus on the detection of a metal-insulator transition for two different models, the noninteracting Aubry-André-Harper model and the spinless fermionic disordered Hubbard chain. We find that the QMI in the localized phase decays exponentially with the distance between the regions traced out, allowing us to define a correlation length, which converges to the localization length in the case of one particle. Second, we show how the QMI can be used as a dynamical indicator to distinguish an Anderson insulator phase from a MBL phase. By studying the spread of the QMI after a global quench from a random product state, we show that the QMI does not spread in the Anderson insulator phase but grows logarithmically in time in the MBL phase. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
279097 | Smart Systems for Small Molecule Activation and Sustainable Homogeneous Catalysis | This proposal addresses currently unresolved fundamental questions concerning the activation and functionalization in homogeneous catalysis of challenging, inherently unreactive substrates like NH3, CO2 or water. Responsive ligands in combination with earth-abundant first row transition metals may hold the key to selective bifunctional activation of these small molecules. This innovative, bioinspired concept, utilizing ligand-metal cooperativity to enhance, tune and control the reactivity of base metals, mimics and circumvents the use of expensive and/or toxic 2nd and 3rd row transition metals. A comprehensive tool-box of readily accessible smart ligand systems with cooperative, redox noninnocent or adaptive features will be used for stoichiometric and ultimately catalytic reactivity studies with Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. This will result in mechanistic understanding of novel pathways for selective N-H and O-H activation on well-defined mono- and dinuclear cooperative complexes. Coupling and insertion reactions with alkenes to yield efficient C-N and C-O bond forming processes and CO2 functionalization will be investigated. This fundamental knowledge is then applied for unprecedented cooperative catalysis with first row transition metals. The project will ultimately result in important leads for the direct intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes, including with ammonia, which is one of the top-ten challenges in catalysis, and the efficient, sustainable production of carboxylic acids from CO2 and alkenes. Also relevant contributions to the oxidative activation of water for hydration reactions with alkynes are foreseen. When successful, my initiatives will enable significant breakthroughs in the design of unique, smart ligand systems for the cooperative activation and functionalization of small molecules with base metals. An ERC starting grant greatly strengthens my position in the emerging field of cooperative homogeneous catalysis. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W797262182 | Polyclonal neural cell adhesion molecule antibody prolongs the effective duration time of botulinum toxin in decreasing muscle strength | This study aimed to investigate if the effective duration time of botulinum toxin A (Btx-A) could be prolonged by polyclonal neural cell adhesion molecule antibody (P-NCAM-Ab). 175 male SD rats were randomly divided into three major groups: control group (n = 25), Btx-A group (n = 25), and P-NCAM-Ab groups. P-NCAM-Ab groups were composed of five sub-groups, with 25 rats each in the dose-response study. Muscle strength of rat lower limbs was determined using a survey system. The expressions of muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) and western blotting (WB). The muscle strength was significantly decreased by Btx-A in Btx-A/P-NCAM-Ab groups compared with normal control group. Besides, the muscle strength of P-NCAM-Ab group was significantly decreased compared with the Btx-A group. The recovery time of muscle strength in P-NCAM-Ab group was significantly longer compared with Btx-A group. RT-PCR and WB assay showed that PNCAM-Ab delayed the increase of MuSK and NCAM after Btx-A injection. P-NCAM-Ab prolongs the effective duration time of Btx-A in decreasing muscle strength, which could provide a novel enhancement in clinical application. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
291442 | Triplet supercurrents and superconducting spintronics | In almost all superconductors the pairs of electrons which carry the charge are in the so-called “singlet” state in which the quantum spin of the two electrons is antiparallel. There are only a few known compounds which show so-called p-wave superconductivity in which the electron spins within a pair are parallel and hence in a “triplet” state.
During the past five years there has been increasing evidence that proximity coupling between singlet superconductors and ferromagnets can sometimes generate triplet pairs within the ferromagnet - the evidence being that supercurrents can be passed through ferromagnetic materials over length scales which are simply too large for singlet pairs to survive. Earlier this year, in parallel with two other international groups, we made a breakthrough in demonstrating how this triplet state can be created in a controlled way. Together, the results have opened the way for a rich new field of triplet superconductivity in which the potential ability of a supercurrent to carry spin can be allied with standard spin electronics (""spintronics"").
In this project we will build on our lead in this field and to explore how triplet currents can be controlled by magnetic elements within a device so that the spin supercurrent can be directly measured. As well as demonstrating superconducting spintronic devices, this project also aims to investigate the potential of creating artificial p-wave superconductors by exploiting materials which are predicted to have a favourable p-wave coupling but which are not themselves superconductors. The results from this programme will inevitably stimulate the broader scientific community interested in unconventional superconductivity and spintronics and pave the way for important new research fields. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nsmb.2059 | Genome-wide CTCF distribution in vertebrates defines equivalent sites that aid the identification of disease-associated genes | Many genomic alterations associated with human diseases localize in noncoding regulatory elements located far from the promoters they regulate, making it challenging to link noncoding mutations or risk-associated variants with target genes. The range of action of a given set of enhancers is thought to be defined by insulator elements bound by the 11 zinc-finger nuclear factor CCCTC-binding protein (CTCF). Here we analyzed the genomic distribution of CTCF in various human, mouse and chicken cell types, demonstrating the existence of evolutionarily conserved CTCF-bound sites beyond mammals. These sites preferentially flank transcription factor-encoding genes, often associated with human diseases, and function as enhancer blockers in vivo, suggesting that they act as evolutionarily invariant gene boundaries. We then applied this concept to predict and functionally demonstrate that the polymorphic variants associated with multiple sclerosis located within the EVI5 gene impinge on the adjacent gene GFI1. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
892777 | New technology for high resistant and flexible fabric structures | The global fabric structure market has evolved at a value of €713M and 7.9M m2 of end products in 2016 due to their variety in shapes and constructions, durability in external forces and incidents, recyclability, and high strength-to-weight ratio which have enabled them to be utilised in a wide range of applications-varying from small to large, inside to outside and temporary to semi-(permanent)-in the events, business/industry and sports sectors. Nevertheless, the industry is facing continuous user’s demands for more engineered structures and solutions aiming to tackle the following needs: 1) Structural reinforcement to achieve higher resistance to adverse weather conditions such as extreme winds,storms and heavy snow, 2) Modular Structures that will enable for flexibility, ease, high secure and rapid installation and efficient space utilization, 3) High-end structures responding to the current market trend that is pushing away traditional fabric structures.
Our novel Modules technology represents the next generation of high-end modular fabric structures as we answer in a cost-effective way to the structural musts of the fabric structures industry. Based on a ground-breaking developed add-on concept and by assembling the roof as well as claddings from the ground level we are able to provide a new standardised structure solution to satisfy the actual market needs of speed, security and total flexibility during installation process with the construction on different widths (up to 50m) and heights (up to 12 m). What is more, Modules system enables structures to be adequately reinforced to resist unpredictable climatic changes such as sudden heavy winds, rain and snow and additional roof live loads (lights, audio equipment, HVAC). We have identified a total addressable market (TAM) of around €300M by 2025. We have estimated that this will lead our company to a business opportunity of of cumulated revenues and profit of €31.5M and €6.3M respectively. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
309548 | Reversibility and tissue specificity of mitochondrial translation defects in early childhood | We have recently identified the molecular genetic cause of a puzzling clinical syndrome, initially termed “benign infantile mitochondrial myopathy due to reversible cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency”. While childhood-onset mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are usually severe, relentlessly progressive conditions with fatal outcome, this syndrome stands out by showing complete (or almost complete) spontaneous recovery. We have detected the homoplasmic m.14674T>C mutation in the mitochondrial mt-tRNAGlu gene in 17 affected individuals from 12 independent families of different ethnic origins. The m.14674T>C mutation affects the discriminator base of mt-tRNAGlu, the last base at the 3´-end of the molecule, where the amino acid via the terminal CCA is attached, therefore thought to impair mitochondrial translation, as reflected by the COX-negative fibres and the multiple respiratory chain defects in skeletal muscle. The spontaneous recovery of the patients suggests the existence of so far unknown cellular compensatory mechanisms.
We will investigate, i) why patients with reversible COX deficiency show an isolated muscle involvement, ii) why symptoms start uniformly in the first days or weeks of life, iii) what is the molecular basis of the age-dependent, spontaneous recovery, and iv) which factors influence mitochondrial protein synthesis in human cells, skeletal muscle and different tissues. We will study these factors in v) different types of mitochondrial disease.
From a scientific standpoint, this is one of the few hereditary conditions with a life-threatening onset showing recovery. Finding a clearly pathogenic homoplasmic mtDNA mutation offers a new paradigm of mtDNA pathogenesis, and studying this unique disease may unveil factors that are important in other mitochondrial disease. The long-term goal would be to upregulate or boost compensatory factors in patients with mitochondrial disease with the aim to open new avenues for therapy. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
Q2046000 | PROYECTO DE DESARROLLO PRODUCTIVO E INNOVACIÓN INTEGRADA PARA EL CRECIMIENTO COMPETITIVO DE ALCI SRL | Alci SRL es COSTITUTIADA en 2010 EN el inicio de la DOS *individual*, EN EL SCIA DE PRECEDIENTES DE EXPERIENCIA, PROSEGUDO EN LOS ACTIVIDADES FAMILIARES OPERACIONALES DE 20 AÑOS EN EL SECTOR DE MECCANIC. EL CAPITAL SOCIAL DE LA EMPRESA ES AHORA PROPIEDAD AL 100 % DE SEVA SRL. EL SEVA NO TIENE FINES PRODUCTIVOS Y, EN CUALQUIER CASO, ESTÁ EN PLENO CONTROL DE LA FAMILIA ALESSI. POR LO TANTO, LA GESTIÓN DEL ALCE ES ABSOLUTAMENTE ATRIBUIBLE A LA FAMILIA, I.E. A PERSONAS FÍSICAS SIEMPRE PRESENTES EN LA EMPRESA Y DIRECTAMENTE INVOLUCRADAS EN EL ALCE. LA SEDE CENTRAL REGISTRADA Y OPERATIVA SE ENCUENTRA EN ASCOLI PICENO, EN LA ZONA INDUSTRIAL DE CAMPOLUNGO, A POCOS KILÓMETROS DE LA SALIDA DE LA AUTOPISTA SAN BENEDETTO DEL TRONTO, CON UNA PLANTA QUE SE EXTIENDE SOBRE UNA SUPERFICIE CUBIERTA TOTAL DE 5.000 METROS CUADRADOS. ALCI TIENE TRES LÍNEAS DE NEGOCIO COMO SE ENUMERAN A CONTINUACIÓN -PROGETTA Y FABRICA MÁQUINAS INDUSTRIALES, FABRICA AUTOMATIZACIÓN Y SISTEMAS DE INTEGRACIÓN ROBÓTICA. —ESEGUE MECANIZADO MECC | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W1580976476 | ‘When I Can Come on Time I'll be Ready to Finish’: Meanings of Lateness in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy | This paper considers some aspects of the meaning of chronic lateness in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The central role of time in psychoanalytic work and the significance of enactments around the analytic frame are considered. Using clinical material the writer explores how lateness can be understood as an expression of global difficulties in accepting and adapting to the demands of reality as well as a wide range of complex object-relationship difficulties. Some of the technical and countertransference complexities of dealing with lateness are discussed. Lateness is seen to project intolerable experiences into the therapist, to demonstrate the patient's intense difficulties in imagining and tolerating a productive couple, to re-enact a sadomasochistic dynamic from the patient's past and to re-encounter/re-address the patient's early experiences of rejection and oedipal rivalries. The eventual synchronization of therapist and patient's times is explored as a major achievement in the patient's increasing capacity for relating. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.nima.2012.04.068 | Influence of the grating profiles on the image quality in grating-based x-ray imaging | We investigate the influence of the grating profiles on the image quality in grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging. The investigations are founded on an analytical description of contrast generation using Fourier decomposition. The imaging performance is quantified in terms of the visibility of the measured interferometer signal. We assess the impact of the duty cycle, height, shape and geometry of the grating profiles on the image quality. The analytical findings are compared with experimental and simulation results of previous publications. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W2051130897 | Adaptation to audiovisual asynchrony occurs rapidly | In order to combine information from different sensory modalities the brain must deal with considerable temporal uncertainty. In natural environments, an external event may produce simultaneous auditory and visual signals yet they will invariably activate the brain asynchronously due to different propagation speeds for light and sound and different neural response latencies once the signals reach the observer. One strategy the brain uses to deal with audiovisual timing variation is to adapt to a prevailing asynchrony to help re-align the signals. Here we investigate audiovisual recalibration and show that it takes place extremely rapidly. Our results demonstrate that exposure to a single, brief asynchrony is sufficient to produce strong recalibration effects. Such fast-acting recalibration provides a mechanism for overcoming inevitable audiovisual timing variation and serves to rapidly re-align signals at onset to maximize the perceptual benefits of audiovisual integration. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.4161/cc.11.3.19002 | Ribosomal stress induces L11- and p53-dependent apoptosis in mouse pluripotent stem cells | Ribosome biogenesis is the most demanding energetic process in proliferating cells, and it is emerging as a critical sensor of cellular homeostasis. Upon disturbance of ribosome biogenesis, specific free ribosomal proteins, most notably, L11, bind and inhibit Mdm2, resulting in activation of the tumor suppressor p53. This pathway has been characterized in somatic and cancer cells, but its function in embryonic pluripotent cells has remained unexplored. Here, we show that treatment with low doses of actinomycin D or depletion of ribosomal protein L37, two well-established inducers of ribosomal stress, activate p53 in an L11-dependent manner in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Activation of p53 results in transcriptional induction of p53 targets, including p21, Mdm2, Pidd, Puma, Noxa and Bax. Finally, ribosomal stress elicits L11- and p53-dependent apoptosis in ESCs/iPSCs. These results extend the functionality of the ribosomal stress pathway to pluripotent cells, and therefore it could be a relevant cellular checkpoint during early embryogenesis. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2060048818 | Thrombophilic risk factors for placental stillbirth | To define the characteristics of placental stillbirth and the possible contribution of thrombophilic risk factors.A prospective cohort study was performed. Women diagnosed with antenatal stillbirth (>20 weeks) of singleton pregnancies between 2006 and 2008 were referred postpartum for evaluation. Maternal risk factors, fetal, placental and cord abnormalities, and a detailed thrombophilia screening, including inherited and acquired thrombophilia, were evaluated. Fetal autopsy and placental pathology were encouraged. Placental stillbirth was defined as death of a normally-formed fetus with evidence of intrauterine fetal growth restriction, oligohydramnios, placental abruption and/or histological evidence of placental contribution to fetal death. Pregnancy characteristics and thrombophilia profiles were compared between placental and non-placental stillbirth cases.Sixty-seven women with stillbirth comprised the study group. Placental stillbirth was evident in 33/67 (49.3%). Significantly more women with placental stillbirth were nulliparous, when compared with non-placental stillbirth women (21/33 vs. 9/34, p=0.002). Mean gestational age was lower for placental, compared with non-placental stillbirth (31.1 ± 6.1 weeks vs. 33.9 ± 4.8 weeks, p=0.04), as was birth weight. Thirty-six of the 67 women (53.7%) tested positive for at least one thrombophilia. The prevalence of maternal thrombophilia was higher for placental stillbirth women (63.6%), and even higher (69.6%) for women after preterm (<37 weeks) placental stillbirth. Factor V Leiden and/or prothrombin G20210A mutation were much more prevalent in placental versus non-placental stillbirth women (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.07-8.7).Placental stillbirth comprises a unique subgroup with specific maternal characteristics. Maternal thrombophilia is highly prevalent, especially in preterm placental stillbirth. This may have implications for the management strategy in future pregnancies in this subgroup. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2507968808 | Reaching Constructive Compromise: Steps, Tactics, and Strategies | The history of war and conflicts is as old as human history itself. Along with it always existed attempts to find ways and means to reconcile conflicting parties and reach peace. In today’s world, more than ever, where war and conflicts are everyday occurrence is imperative to find faster and reliable ways how to resolve conflicts. Reaching a constructive compromise is extremely difficult (very often even the implementation phase creates additional hitches) as the parties involved pretend or believe that all of their demands for peace deal are rational and thus should be fulfilled. While one party may have expertise in negotiation process itself, the other may be unwittingly unprepared, and believing that honesty and fairness will result in impartial peace deal. This is, unfortunately, not always so. The aim of this paper, besides targeting these types of naïve perceptions, is to inspire others to be fully prepared prior entering negotiation process. The negotiation strategy, along with steps and tactics is the fundament of this research. History of negotiations teaches us that often the strong and more prepared side tends to win more than the weak and unprepared one in a negotiation process. Yet studying and exploring the approach to reach a constructive compromise is essential and conducive even if you happen to find yourself as the weaker party vis-à-vis a stronger opposing rival.The purpose of this study is to analyse the implications of negotiating strategies in the course of reaching the eventual constructive compromise. Throughout, this paper has endeavoured to answer numerous but distinct issues related to the topic and offer a balanced analysis on the arguments explored. The study also delves into some international conflicts (resolved and unresolved) examining them in light of potential constructive compromise. Finally the study ends up by concluding that constructive compromise strategy that focuses, above all, on creativity, analytical ability and rationality requires often, enormous time and efforts to reach desired result, but ends fully justify means. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
GB 2006003055 W | LADDER SAFETY DEVICES | Ladder safety apparatus comprises a ladder support having a plate (10), with an abutment wall (12) for a ladder foot, a non-slip rubber ribbed ladder engaging surface on its upper side, and a lower surface provided with an array of mini-spikes (17). The plate (10) is adapted to be carried in a case (20), with sidewalls, a rear wall and a lid (22) attached to the rear wall. A front wall (21) is lower than the other walls, so that a part (13) will extend from the case when the case is closed, and provides a carrying handle (14). A fence (25) in the case provides an abutment for the plate when deployed to support a ladder. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W4285413770 | El exceso de la democracia | En Chile "se lee, se estudia, se comenta la filosofía… Se escribe sobre sus temas más actuales… Todo esto es cierto.Sin embargo, queda por preguntarse si se hace verdaderamente filosofía" (Giannini, 2011 p. 235).Esta proposición de Humberto Giannini resulta controvertida por el libro El exceso de democracia de Cristóbal Friz (2021).En este libro no solo se hace filosofía, sino que el ejercicio filosófico que comporta es posible gracias a una exégesis de la tradición de pensamiento político nacional sobre la democracia.El exceso de democracia es un libro que puede ser calificado de "significante" para la filosofía política chilena y que amerita atención.Esta aserción descansa en una serie de méritos de la obra: De partida se trata de un | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
EP 2008056500 W | PRODUCTS, THE USE THEREOF IN THE TREATMENT OF TEXTILES, AND THE PRODUCTION THEREOF | Products, obtained by reacting of at least one compound of the common formula I with at least one compound of the common formula II under acidic conditions, wherein the variables are defined as follows: a is selected from whole numbers in the range from 0 to 2, n is chosen from whole numbers in the range from 1 to 4, R1 is chosen from C1-C4-alkyl, R2, R3 and R4 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and C1-C8-alkyl. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1002/1873-3468.12341 | N-glycosylation in the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius involves a short dolichol pyrophosphate carrier | N-glycosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs across evolution. In the thermoacidophilic archaea Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, glycoproteins are modified by an N-linked tribranched hexasaccharide reminiscent of the N-glycans assembled in Eukarya. Previously, hexose-bearing dolichol phosphate was detected in a S. acidocaldarius Bligh–Dyer lipid extract. Here, we used a specialized protocol for extracting lipid-linked oligosaccharides to detect a dolichol pyrophosphate bearing the intact hexasaccharide, as well as its biosynthetic intermediates. Furthermore, evidence for N-glycosylation of two S. acidocaldarius proteins by the same hexasaccharide and its derivatives was collected. These findings thus provide novel insight into archaeal N-glycosylation. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-49778-1_6 | Towards Real Time Crowd Simulation Under Uncertainty Using An Agent Based Model And An Unscented Kalman Filter | Agent-based modelling (ABM) is ideally suited to simulating crowds of people as it captures the complex behaviours and interactions between individuals that lead to the emergence of crowding. Currently, it is not possible to use ABM for real-time simulation due to the absence of established mechanisms for dynamically incorporating real-time data. This means that, although models are able to perform useful offline crowd simulations, they are unable to simulate the behaviours of crowds in real time. This paper begins to address this drawback by demonstrating how a data assimilation algorithm, the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), can be used to incorporate pseudo-real data into an agent-based model at run time. Experiments are conducted to test how well the algorithm works when a proportion of agents are tracked directly under varying levels of uncertainty. Notably, the experiments show that the behaviour of unobserved agents can be inferred from the behaviours of those that are observed. This has implications for modelling real crowds where full knowledge of all individuals will never be known. In presenting a new approach for creating real-time simulations of crowds, this paper has important implications for the management of various environments in global cities, from single buildings to larger structures such as transportation hubs, sports stadiums, through to entire city regions. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
883742 | Determining in vivo protein structures and understanding genetic interactions using deep mutagenesis | The goal of my research is to understand mutations and how they interact to alter phenotypes and disease. We recently initiated a new research direction that uses systematic (‘deep’) mutagenesis to quantify, understand, and predict how diverse mutations interact non-additively within and between molecules to affect phenotypes at multiple scales. Very excitingly, we have also shown that quantifying genetic interactions by deep mutagenesis provides sufficient information to determine the 3D structures of proteins. In this project we will leverage this experience in deep mutagenesis and computational modelling to address three specific aims:
1. To develop simple generic experimental and computational methods to determine the in vivo structures of proteins using deep mutagenesis and to apply these methods to solve the structures of domains of unknown structure.
2. To use deep mutagenesis and computational modelling to understand how mutations globally interact within and between molecules, when these interactions can – and cannot – be predicted from phenotypic measurements alone, and how these interactions alter in response to changes in gene expression.
3. To use deep mutagenesis to understand the cellular toxicity of pathological prion-like domains and to reveal the in vivo structures of these ‘unstructured’ regions, as well as those of disordered proteins that function as agents of protein-based epigenetic inheritance.
Taken together, this will provide rich insights into how mutations combine to alter phenotypes, a question of central importance to evolution, engineering, and human disease. It will also develop methods that use deep mutagenesis to determine protein structures, including of intrinsically disordered proteins relevant to disease and epigenetic inheritance. Our goal is to develop techniques that will allow labs across the world to use deep mutagenesis to solve protein structures, including potentially in large-scale systematic projects. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
277906 | PLEASE: Projections, Learning, and Sparsity for Efficient data-processing | Sparse models are at the core of many research domains where the large amount and high-dimensionality of digital data requires concise data descriptions for efficient information processing. A flagship application of sparsity is compressed sensing, which exploits sparsity for data acquisition using limited resources. Besides sparsity, a key pillar of compressed sensing is the use of random low-dimensional projections.
The standard principle of general sparse and redundant representations is to rely on overcomplete dictionaries of prototype signals called atoms. The foundational vision of this proposal is that the efficient deployment of sparse models for large-scale data is only possible if supported by a new generation of efficient sparse models, beyond dictionaries, which must encompass computational efficiency as well as the ability to provide sparse and structured data representations.
Further, I believe that the true impact of compressed sensing has been to unearth an extremely powerful yet counter-intuitive tool: random projections, which open new avenues in machine learning. I envision applications to data sizes and volumes of collections that cannot be handled by today’s technologies.
A particular challenge is to adapt the models to the data by learning from a training corpus. In line with the frontier research on sparse decomposition algorithms, I will focus on obtaining provably good, yet computationally efficient algorithms for learning sparse models from collections of training data, with a geometric insight on the reasons for their success.
My research program is expected to impact the whole data processing chain, from the analog level (data acquisition) to high level processing (mining, searching), where sparsity has been identified as a key factor to address the “curse of dimensionality”. Moreover, the theoretical and algorithmic framework I will develop will be directly applied to targeted audiovisual and biomedical applications. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4486-13.2014 | Does Illusory Flickering Result From Rhythmic Sampling Of Visual Stimuli | Approximately a century ago, the oscillatory character of human neural activity was revealed by the discovery of electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms. Since then, numerous observations have helped to decipher the functional meaning of brain oscillations. Most of the studies have focused on the | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1128/MCB.01598-13 | Dynamic Regulation Of The Cop9 Signalosome In Response To Dna Damage | The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex that participates in the regulation of the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway by controlling the function of cullin-RING-ubiquitin ligases. Impressive progress has been made in deciphering its critical role in diverse cellular and developmental processes. However, little is known about the underlying regulatory principles that coordinate its function. Through biochemical and fluorescence microscopy analyses, we determined that the complex is localized in the cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, and chromatin-bound fractions, each differing in the composition of posttranslationally modified subunits, depending on its location within the cell. During the cell cycle, the segregation between subcellular localizations remains steady. However, upon UV damage, a dose-dependent temporal shuttling of the CSN complex into the nucleus was seen, accompanied by upregulation of specific phosphorylations within CSN1, CSN3, and CSN8. Taken together, our results suggest that the specific spatiotemporal composition of the CSN is highly controlled, enabling the complex to rapidly adapt and respond to DNA damage. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
724707 | Photonic integrated quantum transceivers | Quantum processors are envisioned to conquer ultimate challenges in information processing and to enable simulations of complex physical processes that are intractable with classical computers. Among the various experimental approaches to implement such devices, scalable technologies are particularly promising because they allow for the realization of large numbers of quantum components in circuit form. For upscaling towards functional applications distributed systems will be needed to overcome stringent limitations in quantum control, provided that high-bandwidth quantum links can be established between the individual nodes. For this purpose the use of single photons is especially attractive due to compatibility with existing fibre-optical infrastructure. However, their use in replicable, integrated optical circuits remains largely unexplored for non-classical applications.
In this project nanophotonic circuits, heterogeneously integrated with superconducting nanostructures and carbon nanotubes, will be used to realize scalable quantum photonic chips that overcome major barriers in linear quantum optics and quantum communication. By relying on electro-optomechanical and electro-optical interactions, reconfigurable single photon transceivers will be devised that can act as broadband and high bandwidth nodes in future quantum optical networks. A hybrid integration approach will allow for the realization of fully functional quantum photonic modules which are interconnected with optical fiber links. By implementing quantum wavelength division multiplexing, the communication rates between individual transceiver nodes will be boosted by orders of magnitude, thus allowing for high-speed and remote quantum information processing and quantum simulation. Further exploiting recent advances in three-dimensional distributed nanophotonics will lead to a paradigm shift in nanoscale quantum optics, providing a key step towards optical quantum computing and the quantum internet. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
175673 | Lexicon poeticum: a lexical resource for old-norse icelandic skaldic poetry and its relevant social fields | The proposed project will establish me as the leader of the next generation of researchers in key fields of Old Norse studies. I will gain a major new disciplinary base in my broader field and experience in leading a major project which will help to train and engage a new generation of scholars. The project analyses the language of Old Norse skaldic poetry, one of the main sources for the history, culture and religion of early Scandinavia. It is a highly valuable corpus for many fields: much of it dates from the Viking Age and was the principle source for medieval historians for that period. Its language and form is extremely complex, which has made it inaccessible to non-specialist scholars and the general public. Since the poetry was first rediscovered it has been recognised that it contains a large vocabulary distinct from that of prose: some 10,000 different Old Norse words occur only in poetry. The project Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages has made this difficult material accessible to a broad audience. The present project builds on that work, documenting and mapping the words of this poetry. The main output will be an electronic dictionary linked to the text corpus and translation. I will address a long-standing and well-recognised gap in the lexicography of Old Norse, superseding the problematic Lexicon Poeticum of 1931. My approach is built on the state-of-the art textual philology and digitisation methodologies of the Skaldic Project. At the Department of Nordic Research I will develop lexicographic methodologies to produce the new dictionary, which will for the first time link the words of the corpus to their material evidence, realised in digital technologies. The resulting resource will provide the foundation for further linguistic and literary analysis of skaldic poetry. It will thus help to answer questions about the religion, culture, society and history of Scandinavia and its deep and long-standing connections with the rest of Europe. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1111/1365-2664.12411 | Conceptual and operational perspectives on ecosystem restoration options in the European Union and elsewhere | Summary: Egoh et al. (2014) prioritized areas for ecological restoration in the European Union (EU) so that Europe could cost-efficiently meet the globally agreed 15% restoration target. We identify three major deficiencies in their analysis, one conceptual and two operational, which compromise the conclusions of the prioritization. The conceptual flaw is neglect of both the magnitude of degradation and the magnitude of improvement of the ecosystem condition expected due to restoration. The first operational flaw is inclusion of inappropriately measured restoration costs into the analyses. The second is use of spatial units that are so large (10 × 10 km) that only a fraction of each unit could realistically be restored, thereby overestimating restoration gains. Synthesis and applications. The prioritization suggested by Egoh et al. (2014) runs a risk of focusing restoration efforts towards areas where the ecological improvement of restoration is the smallest. Thus, in this article, we propose that the recommendations by Egoh et al. (2014) will not help to achieve the high-level target of the Convention on Biological Diversity and EU of halting the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services, but instead may actually compromise progress towards the target. More detailed analyses are needed before well-informed decisions about restoration prioritization can be made across the EU and elsewhere. The prioritization suggested by Egoh et al. (2014) runs a risk of focusing restoration efforts towards areas where the ecological improvement of restoration is the smallest. Thus, in this article, we propose that the recommendations by Egoh et al. (2014) will not help to achieve the high-level target of the Convention on Biological Diversity and EU of halting the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services, but instead may actually compromise progress towards the target. More detailed analyses are needed before well-informed decisions about restoration prioritization can be made across the EU and elsewhere. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
US 2004/0011521 W | BREATHABLE ELASTIC WEB | An embodiment of the present invention relates to an elastic web that can be made breathable upon application of a tensile force such as would be encountered in certain applications, such as in diapers and other hygiene articles, and bandages. Breathability is achieved by insertion into the web of slits whose open area increases upon application of a force on the web acting along the major axis of said slits. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
232946 | Towards two-person neuroscience | Humans interact with other people throughout their lives. This project aims to demonstrate that the complex social shaping of the human brain can be adequately tackled only by taking a leap from the conven-tional single-person neuroscience to two-person neuroscience. We will (1) develop a conceptual framework and experimental setups for two-person neuroscience, (2) apply time-sensitive methods for studies of two interacting persons, monitoring both brain and autonomic nervous activity to also cover the brain body connection, (3) use gaze as an index of subject s attention to simplify signal analysis in natural environments, and (4) apply insights from two-person neuroscience into disorders of social interaction. Brain activity will be recorded with millisecond-accurate whole-scalp (306-channel) magnetoencepha-lography (MEG), associated with EEG, and with the millimeter-accurate 3-tesla functional magnetic reso-nance imaging (fMRI). Heart rate, respiration, galvanic skin response, and pupil diameter inform about body function. A new psychophysiological interaction setting will be built, comprising a two-person eye-tracking system. Novel analysis methods will be developed to follow the interaction and possible synchronization of the two persons signals. This uncoventional approach crosses borders of neuroscience, social psychology, psychophysiology, psychiatry, medical imaging, and signal analysis, with intriguing connections to old philosophical questions, such as intersubjectivity and emphatic attunement. The results could open an unprecedented window into human human, instead of just brain brain, interactions, helping to understand also social disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia. Further applications include master apprentice and patient therapist relationships. Advancing from studies of single persons towards two-person neuroscience shows promise of a break-through in understanding the dynamic social shaping of human brain and mind. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
EP 2020059700 W | RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR | The invention relates to a reciprocating compressor having a wobble plate (30) and having at least two reciprocating pistons (25), wherein the wobble plate (30) comprises at least one wobble cam (31, 32) and at least one balance weight (38, 39), which are arranged on a first ring face (41) of a plate main body (40), and the reciprocating pistons (25) each have a piston axis K, which are arranged on a common circle line of a circle having a circle diameter dp, and wherein the wobble plate (30) has - a wobble plate mass m, - a density ρ, - a center of gravity position y, which is dependent on a tilt angle ψ of the wobble plate (30), - a thickness z, which corresponds to the distance of the first ring face (41) to a parallel, second ring face (41, 42) of the plate main body (40), and - in operation, a wobble plate imbalance dependent on the tilt angle ψ of the wobble plate (30), wherein the following applies to an imbalance ratio M between the wobble plate imbalance and a reference imbalance: (I) wherein the reference mass mref is determined from the thickness z of the plate main body (40), the circle diameter dp and the density ρ of the wobble plate (30), and wherein the following applies to a quadratic average MRMS of the imbalance ratio M over a plurality of, in particular all, discrete, full tilt angles ψ in the tilt angle range between ψ=0° and ψ=23°: (II) wherein MRMS < 0.045. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
170475 | The court of elizabeth i – a european drama | The enduring fascination in anglophone research with the political culture of Elizabethan England has often served to occlude the fact that responses to the Tudor monarch were formulated across renaissance Europe. A pan-European range of dramatic texts bears witness to the anxiety and consuming interest which surrounded Elizabeth I. Such texts have often been neglected or referenced briefly as points of illustration. Moreover, these texts (where afforded any consideration) have most commonly been seen in terms of national traditions of literary production, rather than integrated into a Europe-wide vision of cultural debate and exchange. None of these texts has been considered in recent centuries for their theatrical potential or placed in close conversation with Elizabethan (or post-Elizabethan) literary production.
This ambitious comparative project for the early modern period will be achieved through: close & comparative reading of primary texts; evaluative analysis of existing scholarship; consultation of host’s (Institute for Research on the Renaissance, the Neo-classical Age and the Enlightenment - Montpellier 3) and European archives; consultations with supervisor and advisory colleagues across Europe; engagement in performance-related events; e-networking with academic and non-academic audiences. In the course of this European project, Hiscock will: engage in a wholly transformative training in performance-based research and e-dissemination; produce cutting-edge research which embeds multilingual studies at the heart of early modern studies; disseminate research findings to a host of academic and non-academic audiences.
This project engages tightly with the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Programme by: providing professional training in key skills for the applicant, thus enabling him to access significant career progression; investing in wholly innovative interdisciplinary research; enabling international and inter-sector mobility for the applicant. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1515/zkri-2018-2154 | The impact of lattice vibrations on the macroscopic breathing behavior of MIL-53(Al) | The mechanism inducing the breathing in flexible metal-organic frameworks, such as MIL-53(Al), is still not fully understood. Herein, the influence of lattice vibrations on the breathing transition in MIL-53(Al) is investigated to gain insight in this phenomenon. Through solid-state density-functional theory calculations, the volume-dependent IR spectrum is computed together with the volume-frequency relations of all vibrational modes. Furthermore, important thermodynamic properties such as the Helmholtz free energy, the specific heat capacity, the bulk modulus, and the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient are derived via these volume-frequency relations using the quasi-harmonic approximation. The simulations expose a general volume-dependency of the vibrations with wavenumbers above 300 cm-1 due to their localized nature. In contrast, a diverse set of volume-frequency relations are observed for vibrations in the terahertz region (<300 cm-1) containing the vibrations exhibiting collective behavior. Some terahertz vibrations display large frequency differences over the computed volume range, induced by either repulsion or strain effects, potentially triggering the phase transformation. Finally, the impact of the lattice vibrations on the thermodynamic properties is investigated. This reveals that the closed pore to large pore phase transformation in MIL-53(Al) is mainly facilitated by terahertz vibrations inducing rotations of the organic linker, while the large pore to closed pore phase transformation relies on two framework-specific soft modes. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2140610806 | A Review of Privacy Preservation Technique | Privacy-preserving is one of the most important challenges in a computer world, because of the huge amount of sensitive information on the internet. The paper contains several privacy preservation techniques for data publishing in the real world. There are several privacy attacks are associate but among of them mainly two attacks are record linkage and attribute linkage. Many scientists have proposed methods to preserve the privacy of data publishing such as K-anonymity, l-diversity, t-closeness. K-anonymity can prevent the record linkage but unable to protect attribute linkage. l-diversity technique overcomes the drawback of k-anonymity technique but it fail to protect from membership discloser attack. Tcloseness technique prevents to attribute discloser attack but it fail in identity disclosure attack. Its computational complexity is large. In this paper we present the novel technique call slicing which to be implemented with various data set through prevent the privacy preservation for data publishing. The goals of this paper is re-analysis a number of privacy preservation of data mining technique clearly and then study the advantages and disadvantages of this technique. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/c3nr03205a | Sulfidation of silver nanowires inside human alveolar epithelial cells: A potential detoxification mechanism | Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are being developed for use in optoelectronics. However before widespread usage, it is crucial to determine their potential effects on human health. It is accepted that Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) exert toxic effects by releasing Ag+ ions, but much less is known about whether Ag+ reacts with compounds, or any downstream bioactive effects of transformed AgNPs. Analytical high-resolution transmission electron microscopy has been employed to elucidate cellular uptake and reactivity of AgNWs inside human alveolar epithelial type 1-like cells. AgNWs were observed in the cytoplasm and membrane-bound vesicles, and precipitation of Ag2S within the cell occurred after 1 h exposure. Cell viability studies showed no evidence of cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species were not observed on exposure of cells to AgNWs. We suggest that Ag2S formation acts as a 'trap' for free Ag+, significantly limiting short-term toxicological effects-with important consequences for the safety of Ag-nanomaterials to human health. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.004 | How Low Cholesterol Is Good for Anti-viral Immunity | York et al. identify a role for decreased cholesterol biosynthesis in virally infected cells as a critical event in the induction of the anti-viral response. The mechanism involves enhanced signaling by STING in the ER membrane in response to the second messenger cGAMP, promoting increased transcription of type I interferons. The authors suggest that a "lipid code" is being sensed by STING to allow it to signal. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2754659524 | Small-scale modelling of cementation by descending silica-bearing fluids: Explanation of the origin of arenitic caves in South American tepuis | Abstract Geoscientific research was performed on South American table mountains (tepuis) and in their sandstone cave systems. To explain speleogenesis in these poorly soluble rocks, two theories were introduced: a) arenization theory implying selective weathering of quartz along grain boundaries and releasing of sand grains, b) selective lithification theory implying cementation by descending silica-bearing fluid flow. The latter theory presumes that the descending fluid flow becomes unstable on the interface between two layers with different porosity and splits to separate flow channels (so-called “finger flow”). The arenites outside these channels remain uncemented. To verify the latter theory, small-scale modelling was performed, using layered sands and sodium-silicate solution. Fine to medium sand was used (0.08–0.5 mm), along with a coarse sand fraction (0.5–1.5 mm). The sands were layered and compacted in a transparent plastic boxes. Three liters of sodium-silicate solution (so-called water glass) were left to drip for several hours to the top of the sediment. The fine-grained layers were perfectly laterally impregnated, whereas the descending fluid flows split to “fingers” in the coarse-grained layers due their higher hydraulic conductivity. This small-scale laboratory simulation mimics the real diagenesis by descending silica-bearing fluids and matches the real phenomena observed on the tepuis. The resulting cemented constructions closely mimic many geomorphological features observed on tepuis and inside their caves, e.g. “finger-flow” pillars, overhangs, imperfectly formed (aborted) pillars in forms of hummocks hanging from ceilings, locally also thicker central pillars that originated by merging of smaller fluid-flow channels. The modelling showed that selective lithification theory can explain most of the geomorphological aspects related to the speleogenesis in tepuis. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
648328 | Quantum Metamaterials: A Theoretical and Computational Approach Towards Seamlessly Integrated Hybrid Classical/Quantum Nano-structures | The overarching aim of this proposal is to initiate and advance an integrated theoretical and computational research programme in an emerging area of metamaterials research, namely Quantum Metamaterials. Thus, it is commonly believed that one of the most noteworthy developments witnessed in the last decade in physical sciences and engineering is the emergence of metamaterials. Unlike ordinary materials, which are assembled at the atomic level, metamaterials are composite materials built up from artificially engineered meta-atoms and meta-molecules. The fundamental idea in this area of research is that remarkable physical properties beyond those available in naturally occurring materials can be achieved by designing the meta-constituents of the metamaterial and structuring it at a scale comparable or smaller than the optical wavelength. In this context, a new paradigm in metamaterials research emerges when the building blocks of metamaterials are quantum resonators, e.g., quantum dots (QDs), QD molecules, graphene disks coupled to interacting QDs, and quantum nanowires, case in which the macroscopic properties of quantum metamaterials are determined by the quantum properties of their basic constituents. We have organised this research programme along three broad, synergistically integrated themes. The first will focus on the development of a general theory of the effective, macroscopic properties of quantum metamaterials. The key challenge is to build a theoretical framework in which the macroscopic properties of quantum metamaterials are derived directly from those of their quantum building blocks. The second theme will be geared towards developing a set of numerical methods and software tools for ab initio simulations of fundamental physical properties quantum metamaterials. The foundational work pertaining to the first two themes will enable us to pursue the main objective of the third theme, which is the exploration of new science and novel applications. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
640556 | Engineering a sugar-targeted nucleic acid delivery polymer to understand and enhance vaccination by self-amplifying rna | I aim to expand the broad clinical potential of self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines by crafting nanomaterial formulations that will target intracellular delivery of saRNA and molecular adjuvants to the key cells that mediate immunity. Both the devastating SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and annual flu seasons expose a significant need for more rapid development of effective vaccines. Nucleic acids such as self-amplifying messenger RNA (saRNA) are an exciting new class of subunit vaccine cargoes that promise to address the need for more adaptable, scalable, and more efficacious vaccines in comparison to those rooted in laboriously produced recombinant proteins. Although saRNA-based vaccine production offers a powerful platform to address these major issues with vaccine development, there is a huge need for innovative methods that can deliver nucleic acids across the body's many physiological barriers and generate protective immunity. This project seeks to apply the materials expertise of the applicant and the Stevens group (Imperial College London [ICL]) to the improved delivery and function of first generation saRNA vaccines that have been pioneered in the Shattock group (ICL). We hypothesize that polymer nanomaterial design can enable delivery of saRNA vaccine components to key cells responsible for generating adaptive immune responses and that this ""targeted"" saRNA vaccine delivery will lead to enhanced protective immunity compared to current vaccines. I will apply advanced polymerization techniques to tailor the delivery of saRNA to antigen presenting cells and to master cutting-edge imaging techniques to characterize the cellular response to targeted vaccine uptake (Raman, FIB-SEM). I will then collaborate with the Shattock lab to evaluate vaccine targeting in mice in vivo and in human skin explant models ex vivo, and complete a secondment at AstraZeneca that will provide invaluable insight into translational development of nanomaterials for nucleic acid delivery. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Materials Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1145/3132272.3134121 | Ospace Towards A Systematic Exploration Of Olfactory Interaction Spaces | When designing olfactory interfaces, HCI researchers and practitioners have to carefully consider a number of issues related to the scent delivery, detection, and lingering. These are just a few of the problems to deal with. We present OSpace - an approach for designing, building, and exploring an olfactory interaction space. Our paper is the first to explore in detail not only the scent-delivery parameters but also the air extraction issues. We conducted a user study to demonstrate how the scent detection/lingering times can be acquired under different air extraction conditions, and how the impact of scent type, dilution, and intensity can be investigated. Results show that with our setup, the scents can be perceived by the user within ten seconds and it takes less than nine seconds for the scents to disappear, both when the extraction is on and off. We discuss the practical application of these results for HCI. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/0264-9381/33/23/235001 | Anisotropic Singularities In Chiral Modified Gravity | In four spacetime dimensions, there exists a special infinite-parameter family of chiral modified gravity theories. All these theories describe just two propagating polarisations of the graviton. General relativity (GR) with an arbitrary cosmological constant is the only parity-invariant member of this family. We review how these modified gravity theories arise within the framework of pure-connection formulation. We introduce a new convenient parametrisation of this family of theories by using a certain set of auxiliary fields. Modifications of GR can be arranged so as to become important in regions with large Weyl curvature, while the behaviour is indistinguishable from GR where Weyl curvature is small. We show how the Kasner singularity of GR is resolved in a particular class of modified gravity theories of this type, leading to solutions in which the fundamental connection field is regular all through the spacetime. There arises a new asymptotically De Sitter region 'behind' the would-be singularity, the complete solution thus being of a bounce type. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
681627 | Galaxy Buildup in the Young Universe: from the First Billion Years through the Peak Activity Epoch | Deep galaxy surveys are the most valuable asset to understand the history of our Universe. They are key to test galaxy formation models which, based on the Cold Dark Matter framework, are successful at reproducing general aspects of galaxy evolution with cosmic time. However, important discrepancies still exist between models and observations, most notably at high redshifts. This Project will reconstruct the history of galaxy buildup from the first billion years of cosmic time through the peak activity epoch of the Universe, which occurred 10 billion years ago, providing a fundamental constraint for galaxy formation models.
I am leading the largest ultra-deep galaxy survey that will ever be conducted with the Spitzer Space Telescope. In this Project, I will exploit my new Spitzer program to do a groundbreaking study of galaxy buildup in the young Universe, paving the way for further galaxy evolution studies with the forthcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). My main objectives are: 1) quantifying galaxy stellar mass assembly beyond the peak activity epoch, through the study of the galaxy stellar mass function up to z~7; 2) measuring, for the first time, galaxy clustering with stellar mass information up to such high redshifts; 3) linking galaxy growth to dust-obscured star formation using Spitzer and new APEX/AMKID sub-millimetre data; 4) unveiling the first steps of galaxy buildup at z>7 with JWST; 5) optimizing the official JWST Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) data reduction pipeline for the analysis of deep galaxy surveys. The delivery of an optimized MIRI pipeline is an important added value to the scientific outcome of this Project, which will benefit the general Astronomical community.
This is the right time for this Project to make a maximum impact. We are now in a turning point for IR Astronomy, and this opportunity should not be missed. This Project will have a long-lasting legacy, bridging current and next generations of IR galaxy surveys. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1166/jnn.2016.12595 | Polydopamine-coated TiO<inf>2</inf> nanotubes for selective photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde under visible light | TiO2 nanotube arrays grown by anodization were coated with thin layers of polydopamine as visible light sensitizer. The PDA-coated TiO2 scaffolds were used as photocatalyst for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol under monochromatic irradiation at 473 nm. Benzaldehyde was selectively formed and no by-products could be detected. A maximized reaction yield was obtained in O2-saturated acetonitrile. A mechanism is proposed that implies firstly the charge carrier generation in polydopamine as a consequence of visible light absorption. Secondly, photo-promoted electrons are injected in TiO2 conduction band, and subsequently transferred to dissolved O2 to form O2. - radicals. These radicals react with benzyl alcohol and lead to its selective dehydrogenation oxidation towards benzaldehyde. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W2980269943 | On the Capacity of Symmetric M-User Gaussian Interference Channels With Feedback | A general time-varying feedback coding scheme is proposed for M-user fully connected symmetric Gaussian interference channels. Based on the analysis of the general coding scheme, we prove a theorem which gives a criterion for designing good time-varying feedback codes for Gaussian interference channels. The proposed scheme improves the Suh-Tse and Kramer inner bounds of the channel capacity for the cases of weak and not very strong interference when M = 2. This capacity improvement is more significant when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is not very high. In addition, our coding scheme can be proved mathematically and numerically to outperform the Kramer code for M ≥ 2 when the SNR is equal to the interference-to-noise ratio (INR). Besides, the generalized degrees-of-freedom (GDoF) of our proposed coding scheme can be proved to be optimal in the all network situations (very weak, weak, strong, very strong) for any M. The numerical results show that our coding scheme can attain better performance than the Suh-Tse coding scheme for M = 2 or the MohajerTandon-Poor lattice coding scheme for M > 2. Furthermore, the simplicity of the encoding/decoding algorithms is another strong point of our proposed coding scheme compared with the Suh-Tse coding scheme when M = 2 and the Mohajer-TandonPoor lattice coding scheme when M > 2. More importantly, our results show that an optimal coding scheme for the symmetric Gaussian interference channels with feedback can be achieved by only using marginal posterior distributions under a better cooperation strategy between transmitters. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01014 | Efficient Construction of Free Energy Profiles of Breathing Metal-Organic Frameworks Using Advanced Molecular Dynamics Simulations | In order to reliably predict and understand the breathing behavior of highly flexible metal-organic frameworks from thermodynamic considerations, an accurate estimation of the free energy difference between their different metastable states is a prerequisite. Herein, a variety of free energy estimation methods are thoroughly tested for their ability to construct the free energy profile as a function of the unit cell volume of MIL-53(Al). The methods comprise free energy perturbation, thermodynamic integration, umbrella sampling, metadynamics, and variationally enhanced sampling. A series of molecular dynamics simulations have been performed in the frame of each of the five methods to describe structural transformations in flexible materials with the volume as the collective variable, which offers a unique opportunity to assess their computational efficiency. Subsequently, the most efficient method, umbrella sampling, is used to construct an accurate free energy profile at different temperatures for MIL-53(Al) from first principles at the PBE+D3(BJ) level of theory. This study yields insight into the importance of the different aspects such as entropy contributions and anharmonic contributions on the resulting free energy profile. As such, this thorough study provides unparalleled insight in the thermodynamics of the large structural deformations of flexible materials. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1016/j.cortex.2015.02.005 | Are you talking to me? Neural activations in 6-month-old infants in response to being addressed during natural interactions | Human interactions are guided by continuous communication among the parties involved, in which verbal communication plays a primary role. However, speech does not necessarily reveal to whom it is addressed, especially for young infants who are unable to decode its semantic content. To overcome such difficulty, adults often explicitly mark their communication as infant-directed. In the present study we investigated whether ostensive signals, which would disambiguate the infant as the addressee of a communicative act, would modulate the brain responses of 6-month-old infants to speech and gestures in an ecologically valid setting. In Experiment 1, we tested whether the gaze direction of the speaker modulates cortical responses to infant-direct speech. To provide a naturalistic environment, two infants and their parents participated at the same time. In Experiment 2, we tested whether a similar modulation of the cortical response would be obtained by varying the intonation (infant versus adult directed speech) of the speech during face-to-face communication, one on one. The results of both experiments indicated that only the combination of ostensive signals (infant directed speech and direct gaze) led to enhanced brain activation. This effect was indicated by responses localized in regions known to be involved in processing auditory and visual aspects of social communication. This study also demonstrated the potential of fNIRS as a tool for studying neural responses in naturalistic scenarios, and for simultaneous measurement of brain function in multiple participants. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W2014021175 | Effects of rotation amplitude on arm movement when rotating a spherical object | Arm movements when rotating a spherical object were experimentally investigated. Twelve volunteers participated in the experiment and were asked to rotate a sphere for a large range of amplitude. Results showed that subjects anticipated their posture at the beginning of object manipulation even for low rotation amplitudes. The way of anticipation strongly depended on rotation direction. The end-state comfort hypothesis, effects of joint limits and principle of minimum work were examined for explaining motion control. The anticipation would ensure a better end-state comfort while avoiding joint limits in case of higher amplitude of object rotation. Meanwhile, it should not deteriorate the comfort at the beginning of manipulation too much. High postural variability for low rotation amplitude tasks suggested that there might exist a range of postures of similar level of comfort. These findings will be useful in developing human behaviour-based motion simulations for digital human.Arm movement was investigated when rotating a spherical object with a large range of amplitude. The end-state comfort hypothesis, effects of joint limits and principle of minimum work were examined for explaining motion control. Results will be helpful for a better design of rotary controls and for developing motion simulation algorithms. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-019-11504-2 | The structure of a polygamous repressor reveals how phage-inducible chromosomal islands spread in nature | Stl is a master repressor encoded by Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) that maintains integration of these elements in the bacterial chromosome. After infection or induction of a resident helper phage, SaPIs are de-repressed by specific interactions of phage proteins with Stl. SaPIs have evolved a fascinating mechanism to ensure their promiscuous transfer by targeting structurally unrelated proteins performing identically conserved functions for the phage. Here we decipher the molecular mechanism of this elegant strategy by determining the structure of SaPIbov1 Stl alone and in complex with two structurally unrelated dUTPases from different S. aureus phages. Remarkably, SaPIbov1 Stl has evolved different domains implicated in DNA and partner recognition specificity. This work presents the solved structure of a SaPI repressor protein and the discovery of a modular repressor that acquires multispecificity through domain recruiting. Our results establish the mechanism that allows widespread dissemination of SaPIs in nature. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
682115 | Using the Magellanic Clouds to Understand the Interaction of Galaxies | The Magellanic Clouds are the nearest gas-rich dwarf satellites of the Milky Way and illustrate a typical example of an early phase of a minor merger event, the collision of galaxies that differ in mass by at least a factor of ten. In spite of their important role in supplementing material to the Milky Way halo and the numerous investigations made in the last decade, there remain several uncertainties. Their origin is still a matter of debate, their satellite status is unclear, their mass is uncertain, their gravitational centres are undefined, their structure depends strongly on stellar populations and is severely shaped by interactions, their orbital history is only vaguely associated to star forming events, and their chemical history rests upon limited data. This proposal aims to remedy this lack of knowledge by providing a comprehensive analysis of the stellar content of the Magellanic Clouds and dissect the substructures that are related to their accretion history and the interaction with the Milky Way. Their internal kinematics and orbital history, establishing their bound/unbound status, will be resolved thanks to the analysis of state-of-the art proper motions from the VMC survey and the Gaia mission, and the development of sophisticated theoretical models. Multi-wavelength photometric observations from ongoing large-scale projects will be analysed together to characterise the stellar population of the Magellanic Clouds as has never been previously attempted, including the effects of separate structural components. New large-scale spectroscopic survey projects in preparation will resolve metallicity dependencies and complete the full six-phase space information (distance, position, and motion). This proposal will have a tremendous impact on our understanding of the consequences of minor mergers, and will offer a firm perspective of the Magellanic Clouds. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1186/s12870-014-0364-6 | Molecular evolution and diversification of the Argonaute family of proteins in plants | Background: Argonaute (AGO) proteins form the core of the RNA-induced silencing complex, a central component of the smRNA machinery. Although reported from several plant species, little is known about their evolution. Moreover, these genes have not yet been cloned from the ecological model plant, in which the smRNA machinery is known to mediate important ecological traits. Results: Here, we not only identify 11 AGOs in, we further annotate 133 genes in 17 plant species, previously not annotated in the Phytozome database, to increase the number of plant AGOs to 263 genes from 37 plant species. We report the phylogenetic classification, expansion, and diversification of AGOs in the plant kingdom, which resulted in the following hypothesis about their evolutionary history: an ancestral AGO underwent duplication events after the divergence of unicellular green algae, giving rise to four major classes with subsequent gains/losses during the radiation of higher plants, resulting in the large number of extant AGOs. Class-specific signatures in the RNA-binding and catalytic domains, which may contribute to the functional diversity of plant AGOs, as well as context-dependent changes in sequence and domain architecture that may have consequences for gene function were found. Conclusions: Together, the results demonstrate that the evolution of AGOs has been a dynamic process producing the signatures of functional diversification in the smRNA pathways of higher plants. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1088/0067-0049/218/2/15 | The Mosfire Deep Evolution Field Mosdef Survey Rest Frame Optical Spectroscopy For 1500 H Selected Galaxies At 1 37 Z 3 8 | In this paper we present the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. The MOSDEF survey aims to obtain moderate-resolution (R = 3000–3650) rest-frame optical spectra (∼3700–7000 Å) for ∼1500 galaxies at in three well-studied CANDELS fields: AEGIS, COSMOS, and GOODS-N. Targets are selected in three redshift intervals: , , and , down to fixed (F160W) magnitudes of 24. 0, 24. 5, and 25. 0, respectively, using the photometric and spectroscopic catalogs from the 3D-HST survey. We target both strong nebular emission lines (e. g. , [O ii] , Hβ, [O iii] , Hα, [N ii] , and [S ii] ) and stellar continuum and absorption features (e. g. , Balmer lines, Ca-ii H and K, Mgb, 4000 Å break). Here we present an overview of our survey, the observational strategy, the data reduction and analysis, and the sample characteristics based on spectra obtained during the first 24 nights. To date, we have completed 21 masks, obtaining spectra for 591 galaxies. For ∼80% of the targets we derive a robust redshift from either emission or absorption lines. In addition, we confirm 55 additional galaxies, which were serendipitously detected. The MOSDEF galaxy sample includes unobscured star-forming, dusty star-forming, and quiescent galaxies and spans a wide range in stellar mass () and star formation rate (). The spectroscopically confirmed sample is roughly representative of an H-band limited galaxy sample at these redshifts. With its large sample size, broad diversity in galaxy properties, and wealth of available ancillary data, MOSDEF will transform our understanding of the stellar, gaseous, metal, dust, and black hole content of galaxies during the time when the universe was most active. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/nrn.2017.128 | Axo-myelinic neurotransmission: A novel mode of cell signalling in the central nervous system | It is widely recognized that myelination of axons greatly enhances the speed of signal transmission. An exciting new finding is the dynamic communication between axons and their myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, including activity-dependent signalling from axon to myelin. The oligodendrocyte-myelin complex may in turn respond by providing metabolic support or alter subtle myelin properties to modulate action potential propagation. In this Opinion, we discuss what is known regarding the molecular physiology of this novel, synapse-like communication and speculate on potential roles in disease states including multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease. An emerging appreciation of the contribution of white-matter perturbations to neurological dysfunction identifies the axo-myelinic synapse as a potential novel therapeutic target. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.4049/jimmunol.0904163 | Neutrophil functions and autoimmune arthritis in the absence of p190RhoGAP: Generation and analysis of a novel null mutation in mice | β2 integrins of neutrophils play a critical role in innate immune defense, but they also participate in tissue destruction during autoimmune inflammation. p190RhoGAP (ArhGAP35), a regulator of Rho family small GTPases, is required for integrin signal transduction in fibroblasts. Prior studies have also suggested a role for p190RhoGAP in β2 integrin signaling in neutrophils. To directly test that possibility, we have generated a novel targeted mutation completely disrupting the p190RhoGAP-encoding gene in mice. p190RhoGAP deficiency led to perinatal lethality and defective neural development, precluding the analysis of neutrophil functions in adult p190RhoGAP-/- animals. This was overcome by transplantation of fetal liver cells from p190RhoGAP-/- fetuses into lethally irradiated wild-type recipients. Neutrophils from such p190RhoGAP-/- bone marrow chimeras developed normally and expressed normal levels of various cell surface receptors. Although p190RhoGAP-/- neutrophils showed moderate reduction of β2 integrin-mediated adherent activation, they showed mostly normal migration in β2 integrin-dependent in vitro and in vivo assays and normal β2 integrin-mediated killing of serum-opsonized Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A neutrophil- and β2 integrin-dependent transgenic model of the effector phase of autoimmune arthritis also proceeded normally in p190RhoGAP-/- bone marrow chimeras. In contrast, all the above responses were completely blocked in CD18-/- neutrophils or CD18-/- bone marrow chimeras. These results suggest that p190RhoGAP likely does not play a major indispensable role in β2 integrin-mediated in vitro and in vivo neutrophil functions or the effector phase of experimental autoimmune arthritis. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01410.x | Environmental conditions and biotic interactions acting together promote phylogenetic randomness in semi-arid plant communities: New methods help to avoid misleading conclusions | Questions: Molecular phylogenies are increasingly used to better understand the mechanisms structuring natural communities. The prevalent theory is that environmental factors and biotic interactions promote the phylogenetic clustering and over-dispersion of plant communities, respectively. However, both environmental filtering and biotic interactions are very likely to interact in most natural communities, jointly affecting community phylogenetic structure. How do environmental filters and biotic interactions jointly affect the phylogenetic structure of plant communities across environmental gradients? Location: Eleven Stipa tenacissima L. grasslands located along an environmental gradient from central to southeast Spain, covering the core of the distribution area of this vegetation type in Europe. Methods: We jointly evaluated the effects of environmental conditions and plant-plant interactions on the phylogenetic structure - measured with the mean phylogenetic distance index - of the studied communities. As an indicator of environmental conditions, we used a PCA ordination including eight climatic variables. Different metrics were used to measure the following processes: (1) competition/facilitation shifts at the entire community level (species combination index), and (2) the effect of microclimatic amelioration provided by the two most important nurse plants on neighbour composition (similarity indices and comparison of the phylogenetic pattern between canopy patches and bare ground areas). Results: Biotic interactions and, to a less extent, environmental conditions affected the phylogenetic pattern of the studied communities. While positive plant-plant interactions (both at community level and the scale of individual nurse plants) increased phylogenetic overdispersion, higher rainfall increased phylogenetic clustering. The opposing effects of environmental conditions and biotic interactions could be the main cause of the overall random phylogenetic structure found in most of these communities. Conclusions: Our results illustrate, for the first time, how an overall random phylogenetic pattern may not only be promoted by the lack of influence of either environmental filtering or biotic interactions, but rather by their joint and opposing effects. They caution about making inferences on the underlying mechanisms shaping plant communities from the sole use of their phylogenetic pattern. We also provide a comprehensive set of easy-to-measure tools to avoid misleading conclusions when interpreting phylogenetic structure data obtained from observational studies. We jointly evaluated environmental conditions and interactions among plants, at the community and patch scales, as drivers of the phylogenetic structure of semi-arid steppes. The opposed effects and the interactions between them (facilitation increased phylodiversity while higher rainfall decreased both phylodiversity and the degree of microhabitat amelioration provided by nurse plants) caused random phylogenetic structures in most studied communities. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/789/2/154 | The Kepler 10 Planetary System Revisited By Harps N A Hot Rocky World And A Solid Neptune Mass Planet | Kepler-10b was the first rocky planet detected by the Kepler satellite and con- firmed with radial velocity follow-up observations from Keck-HIRES. The mass of the planet was measured with a precision of around 30%, which was insufficient to constrain models of its internal structure and composition in detail. In addition to Kepler-10b, a second planet transiting the same star with a period of 45 days was sta- tistically validated, but the radial velocities were only good enough to set an upper limit of 20 Mearth for the mass of Kepler-10c. To improve the precision on the mass for planet b, the HARPS-N Collaboration decided to observe Kepler-10 intensively with the HARPS-N spectrograph on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo on La Palma. In to- tal, 148 high-quality radial-velocity measurements were obtained over two observing seasons. These new data allow us to improve the precision of the mass determina- tion for Kepler-10b to 15%. With a mass of 3. 33 +/- 0. 49 Mearth and an updated radius of 1. 47 +0. 03 -0. 02 Rearth, Kepler-10b has a density of 5. 8 +/- 0. 8 g cm-3, very close to the value -0. 02 predicted by models with the same internal structure and composition as the Earth. We were also able to determine a mass for the 45-day period planet Kepler-10c, with an even better precision of 11%. With a mass of 17. 2 +/- 1. 9 Mearth and radius of 2. 35 +0. 09 -0. 04 Rearth, -0. 04 Kepler-10c has a density of 7. 1 +/- 1. 0 g cm-3. Kepler-10c appears to be the first strong evidence of a class of more massive solid planets with longer orbital periods. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1063/1.5099194 | Deflation Reveals Dynamical Structure In Nondominant Reaction Coordinates | The output of molecular dynamics simulations is high-dimensional, and the degrees of freedom among the atoms are related in intricate ways. Therefore, a variety of analysis frameworks have been introduced in order to distill complex motions into lower-dimensional representations that model the system dynamics. These dynamical models have been developed to optimally approximate the system’s global kinetics. However, the separate aims of optimizing global kinetics and modeling a process of interest diverge when the process of interest is not the slowest process in the system. Here, we introduce deflation into state-of-the-art methods in molecular kinetics in order to preserve the use of variational optimization tools when the slowest dynamical mode is not the same as the one we seek to model and understand. First, we showcase deflation for a simple toy system and introduce the deflated variational approach to Markov processes (dVAMP). Using dVAMP, we show that nondominant reaction coordinates produced using deflation are more informative than their counterparts generated without deflation. Then, we examine a protein folding system in which the slowest dynamical mode is not folding. Following a dVAMP analysis, we show that deflation can be used to obscure this undesired slow process from a kinetic model; in this case, a VAMPnet. The incorporation of deflation into current methods opens the door for enhanced sampling strategies and more flexible, targeted model building. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1063/1.4869199 | Effect Of Ti Al Cathode Composition On Plasma Generation And Plasma Transport In Direct Current Vacuum Arc | DC arc plasma from Ti, Al, and Ti1-xAlx (x = 0. 16, 0. 25, 0. 50, and 0. 70) compound cathodes was characterized with respect to plasma chemistry and charge-state-resolved ion energy. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the deposited films and the cathode surfaces were used for exploring the correlation between cathode-, plasma-, and film composition. Experimental work was performed at a base pressure of 10−6 Torr, to exclude plasma-gas interaction. The plasma ion composition showed a reduction of Al of approximately 5 at. % compared to the cathode composition, while deposited films were in accordance with the cathode stoichiometry. This may be explained by presence of neutrals in the plasma/vapour phase. The average ion charge states (Ti = 2. 2, Al = 1. 65) were consistent with reference data for elemental cathodes, and approximately independent on the cathode composition. On the contrary, the width of the ion energy distributions (IEDs) were drastically. . . | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2052784289 | Variability of the semidiurnal internal tides observed on the Timor Shelf | [1] Semidiurnal internal tides drive strong flow variations on the shelf between Timor Island and Australia. The variability of the internal tide over seasonal to interannual time scales is studied using temperature and velocity measurements from 11 moorings, a first attempt for an observational regional synthesis of internal tide behavior. The energy density and flux carried by the semidiurnal tides were calculated from the full water column profile estimated by the Gauss-Markov fit of the vertical modes incorporating the effects of sloping bottom topography. The estimated energy flux can be interpreted either as generated at and propagating from nearby forcing sites where strong barotropic tides flow over steep topography or as trapped by and circulating around an island topography. The relevant horizontal length scale of the topography is several tens of kilometers, which is the wavelength of the vertical first-mode internal tides. At some of the moorings with sufficiently long records, seasonal variations of energy density and flux are found with maxima in late summer to winter, which is the same phase as the seasonal variation of the temperature stratification between 100 and 200 m depths. The relationship between the temperature stratification and the internal tide energy density is not linear. For the energy density, the amplitude of the seasonal variation as well as the standard deviation correlates well with the mean value with a correlation coefficient >0.8 and a p value <0.03, but the correlation between the energy density and area-integrated barotropic tidal forcing is not significant. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1080/13501763.2015.1102952 | Trade Union Density And Social Expenditure A Longitudinal Analysis Of Policy Feedback Effects In Oecd Countries 1980 2010 | ABSTRACTTwo causal mechanisms have been invoked to explain the positive correlation between union membership and social expenditure. Unions try to influence policy, but they are also more successful in mobilizing members in economic systems in which actors engage in co-ordinated strategic interaction. Applying insights from the policy feedback and comparative capitalism literatures, our analysis indicates that union density is a determinant of social expenditure. A strong policy feedback effect is also present whereby social expenditure has a positive effect on union density. We find a positive effect of union density on social expenditure in co-ordinated market economies, but not in liberal market economies. We discuss the implications of these findings for citizens’ capacity to influence policy in varied contexts and for the ‘varieties of capitalism’ literature, and we close with some speculation about the implications of these findings in the current economic downturn. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1093/gji/ggv035 | Triangular dislocation: An analytical, artefact-free solution | Displacements and stress-field changes associated with earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and human activity are often simulated using numerical models in an attempt to understand the underlying processes and their governing physics. The application of elastic dislocation theory to these problems, however, may be biased because of numerical instabilities in the calculations. Here, we present a new method that is free of artefact singularities and numerical instabilities in analytical solutions for triangular dislocations (TDs) in both full-space and half-space. We apply the method to both the displacement and the stress fields. The entire 3-D Euclidean space ℝ3 is divided into two complementary subspaces, in the sense that in each one, a particular analytical formulation fulfils the requirements for the ideal, artefact-free solution for a TD. The primary advantage of the presented method is that the development of our solutions involves neither numerical approximations nor series expansion methods. As a result, the final outputs are independent of the scale of the input parameters, including the size and position of the dislocation as well as its corresponding slip vector components. Our solutions are therefore well suited for application at various scales in geoscience, physics and engineering. We validate the solutions through comparison to other well-known analytical methods and provide the MATLAB codes. | [
"Mathematics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
694918 | Unraveling complex organ regeneration through live imaging and molecular profiling approaches | Many animals have the ability to regenerate parts of their body following injury or amputation. While there is great biological and medical interest in this process, many fundamental questions remain unanswered, because complex organ regeneration is poorly represented in classic model organisms; flies, nematodes and mammals have limited regenerative abilities, in contrast to flatworms, crustaceans and fish.
reLIVE explores fundamental questions on regeneration in an emerging crustacean model, Parhyale hawaiensis, which combines extensive regenerative abilities, advanced genetic tools and live imaging.
The project will address the following fundamental, centuries-old questions on regeneration:
1) Which are the progenitors that underpin complex organ regeneration? Do epidermis, tendons, neurons, glia and muscle arise de novo from undifferentiated adult stem cells, or do they emerge from differentiated cell types? Are the progenitors unipotent/committed or multipotent? Which are their molecular responses and behaviors during the course of regeneration?
2) Do diverse animal groups regenerate in the same way? Do the regenerative progenitors of crustaceans have common molecular and functional properties with those of vertebrates and flatworms? Do they have a shared evolutionary history?
3) How does regeneration differ from development? Are these processes operating on comparable temporal and spatial scales? How similar are the transcriptional responses and cell behaviors that underpin embryonic and regenerative morphogenesis of the limb?
To answer these questions, reLIVE will take advantage of the unique opportunities offered by Parhyale limb regeneration and, for the first time, combine four cutting-edge approaches: a) CRISPR-mediated marking of specific cell types, b) continuous live imaging and cell tracking in regenerating limbs over week-long periods, c) a novel method of cell lineage reconstruction, and d) transcriptional profiling on individual cells. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
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