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US 2019/0017189 W | PRIMER-INITIATED CURE OF STRUCTURAL ADHESIVE FILM | Curable adhesive films, primers for adhesion of curable adhesive films, and adhesive systems comprising adhesive films and primers are provided. In some embodiments, an adhesive system comprises: I) a curable adhesive free-standing film comprising a blend of: a) a first film-forming polymer or oligomer; b) a first species comprising first unsaturated free-radically polymerizable groups, which may be a) or a species other than a); and c) a first transition metal cation; and II) a primer for adhesion of a curable adhesive free-standing film to a first substrate comprising an oxidizing agent. In some embodiments, an adhesive system comprises: I) a curable adhesive free-standing film comprising an outer surface bearing embossed air bleed channels capable of aiding in escape of air during application of the outer surface to a primed substrate; and II) a primer comprising components that initiate cure of the curable adhesive free-standing film. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1002/adbi.201800245 | Overcoming the Pitfalls of Cytochrome P450 Immobilization through the Use of Fusogenic Liposomes | This work describes a new nanotechnology-based immobilization strategy for cytochrome P450s (CYPs), the major class of drug metabolizing enzymes. Immobilization of CYPs on solid supports provides a significant leap forward compared with soluble enzyme assays by enabling the implementation of through-flow microreactors for, for example, determination of time-dependent inhibition. Immobilization of the complex CYP membrane-protein system is however particularly challenging as the preservation of the authentic enzyme kinetic parameters requires the full complexity of the lipid environment. The developed strategy is based on the spontaneous fusion of biotinylated fusogenic liposomes with lipid bilayers to facilitate the gentle biotinylation of human liver microsomes that incorporate all main natural CYP isoforms. The same process is also feasible for the biotinylation of recombinant CYPs expressed in insect cells, same as any membrane-bound enzymes in principle. As a result, CYPs could be immobilized on streptavidin-functionalized surfaces, both those of commercial magnetic beads and customized microfluidic arrays, so that the enzyme kinetic parameters remain unchanged, unlike in previously reported immobilization approaches that often suffer from restricted substrate diffusion to the enzyme's active site and steric hindrances. The specificity and robustness of the functionalization method of customized microfluidic CYP assays are also carefully examined. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP10(2015)048 | 4D 3D Reduction Of Dualities Mirrors On The Circle | We engineer a brane picture for the reduction of Seiberg dualities from 4D to 3D, valid also in the presence of orientifold planes. We obtain effective 3D dualities on the circle by T-duality, geometrizing the non-perturbative superpotential which is an affine Toda potential. When reducing to pure 3D, we define a double-scaling limit which creates a sector of interacting singlets, giving a unified mechanism for the brane reduction of dualities. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1146/annurev-nucl-102014-022120 | Experimental Searches for the Axion and Axion-Like Particles | Four decades after its prediction, the axion remains the most compelling solution to the strong-CP problem and a well-motivated dark matter candidate, inspiring a host of elegant and ultrasensitive experiments based on axion-photon mixing. This article reviews the experimental situation on several fronts. The microwave cavity experiment is making excellent progress in the search for dark matter axions in the μeV range and may plausibly be extended up to 100 μeV. Within the past several years, however, researchers have realized that axions are pervasive throughout string theories, but with masses that fall naturally in the neV range, for which an NMR-based search is under development. Both searches for axions emitted from the Sun's burning core and purely laboratory experiments based on photon regeneration have recently made great progress, with ambitious projects proposed for the coming decade. Each of these campaigns has pushed the state of the art in technology, enabling large gains in sensitivity and mass reach. Furthermore, each modality has been exploited in order to search for more generalized axion-like particles, which we also discuss in this review. We are hopeful, even optimistic, that the next review of the subject will concern the discovery of the axion, its properties, and its exploitation as a probe of early universe cosmology and structure formation. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
W2158345270 | Robust features of the source process for the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake from strong-motion seismograms | SUMMARY We explore a recently developed procedure for kinematic inversion based on an elliptical subfault approximation. In this method, the slip is modelled by a small set of elliptical patches, each ellipse having a Gaussian distribution of slip. We invert near-field strong ground motion forthe2004September28Mw 6.0Parkfield,California,earthquake.Thedatasetconsistsof10 digital three-component 18-s long displacement seismograms. The best model gives a moment of 1.21 × 10 18 N m, with slip on two distinct ellipses, one with a high-slip amplitude of 0.91 m located 20 km northwest of the hypocentre. The average rupture speed of the rupture process is ∼2.7 kms −1 . We find no slip in the top 5 km. At this depth, a lineation of small aftershocks marks the transition from creeping above to locked below, in the interseismic period. The highslip patch coincides spatially with the hypocentre of the 1966 Mw6.0 Parkfield, California, earthquake. The larger earthquakes prior to the 2004 Parkfield earthquake and the aftershocks of the 2004 earthquake (Mw > 3) also lie around this high-slip patch, where our model images a sharp slip gradient. This observation suggests the presence of a permanent asperity that breaks during large earthquakes, and has important implications for the slip deficit observed on the Parkfield segment, which is necessary for reliable seismic hazard assessment. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1038/nature08747 | Genome sequencing and analysis of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon | Three subfamilies of grasses, the Ehrhartoideae, Panicoideae and Pooideae, provide the bulk of human nutrition and are poised to become major sources of renewable energy. Here we describe the genome sequence of the wild grass Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium), which is, to our knowledge, the first member of the Pooideae subfamily to be sequenced. Comparison of the Brachypodium, rice and sorghum genomes shows a precise history of genome evolution across a broad diversity of the grasses, and establishes a template for analysis of the large genomes of economically important pooid grasses such as wheat. The high-quality genome sequence, coupled with ease of cultivation and transformation, small size and rapid life cycle, will help Brachypodium reach its potential as an important model system for developing new energy and food crops. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00506 | Size Dependence of Lattice Parameter and Electronic Structure in CeO<inf>2</inf> Nanoparticles | Intrinsic properties of a compound (e. g. , electronic structure, crystallographic structure, optical and magnetic properties) define notably its chemical and physical behavior. In the case of nanomaterials, these fundamental properties depend on the occurrence of quantum mechanical size effects and on the considerable increase of the surface to bulk ratio. Here, we explore the size dependence of both crystal and electronic properties of CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with different sizes by state-of-the art spectroscopic techniques. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high-energy resolution fluorescence-detection hard X-ray absorption near-edge structure (HERFD-XANES) spectroscopy demonstrate that the as-synthesized NPs crystallize in the fluorite structure and they are predominantly composed of CeIV ions. The strong dependence of the lattice parameter with the NPs size was attributed to the presence of adsorbed species at the NPs surface thanks to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis measurements. In addition, the size dependence of the t2g states in the Ce LIII XANES spectra was experimentally observed by HERFD-XANES and confirmed by theoretical calculations. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.99.121104 | Machine learning of quantum phase transitions | Machine learning algorithms provide a new perspective on the study of physical phenomena. In this Rapid Communication, we explore the nature of quantum phase transitions using a multicolor convolutional neural network (CNN) in combination with quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We propose a method that compresses (d+1)-dimensional space-time configurations to a manageable size and then use them as the input for a CNN. We benchmark our approach on two models and show that both continuous and discontinuous quantum phase transitions can be well detected and characterized. Moreover, we show that intermediate phases, which were not trained, can also be identified using our approach. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.3389/fgene.2016.00073 | Ring of change: CDC48/p97 drives protein dynamics at chromatin | The dynamic composition of proteins associated with nuclear DNA is a fundamental property of chromosome biology. In the chromatin compartment dedicated protein complexes govern the accurate synthesis and repair of the genomic information and define the state of DNA compaction in vital cellular processes such as chromosome segregation or transcription. Unscheduled or faulty association of protein complexes with DNA has detrimental consequences on genome integrity. Consequently, the association of protein complexes with DNA is remarkably dynamic and can respond rapidly to cellular signaling events, which requires tight spatiotemporal control. In this context, the ring-like AAA+ ATPase CDC48/p97 emerges as a key regulator of protein complexes that are marked with ubiquitin or SUMO. Mechanistically, CDC48/p97 functions as a segregase facilitating the extraction of substrate proteins from the chromatin. As such, CDC48/p97 drives molecular reactions either by directed disassembly or rearrangement of chromatin-bound protein complexes. The importance of this mechanism is reflected by human pathologies linked to p97 mutations, including neurodegenerative disorders, oncogenesis, and premature aging. This review focuses on the recent insights into molecular mechanisms that determine CDC48/p97 function in the chromatin environment, which is particularly relevant for cancer and aging research. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1093/bioinformatics/btz066 | Batch-normalization of cerebellar and medulloblastoma gene expression datasets utilizing empirically defined negative control genes | Motivation Medulloblastoma (MB) is a brain cancer predominantly arising in children. Roughly 70% of patients are cured today, but survivors often suffer from severe sequelae. MB has been extensively studied by molecular profiling, but often in small and scattered cohorts. To improve cure rates and reduce treatment side effects, accurate integration of such data to increase analytical power will be important, if not essential. We have integrated 23 transcription datasets, spanning 1350 MB and 291 normal brain samples. To remove batch effects, we combined the Removal of Unwanted Variation (RUV) method with a novel pipeline for determining empirical negative control genes and a panel of metrics to evaluate normalization performance. The documented approach enabled the removal of a majority of batch effects, producing a large-scale, integrative dataset of MB and cerebellar expression data. The proposed strategy will be broadly applicable for accurate integration of data and incorporation of normal reference samples for studies of various diseases. We hope that the integrated dataset will improve current research in the field of MB by allowing more large-scale gene expression analyses. Availability and implementation The RUV-normalized expression data is available through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; https://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/geo/) and can be accessed via the GSE series number GSE124814. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00358 | Morphology, nanocrystallinity, and elastic properties of single domain ε Co supracrystals | We report on the elastic modulus of 3D superlattices of single domain ε Co nanocrystals self assembled in face centered cubic structures, so called supracrystals. The effects of nanocrystal size, probe size, and supracrystal morphology on the elastic properties of supracrystals are investigated by nanoindentation measurements using an atomic force microscope. We show that elastic moduli of supracrystals of single domain ε Co nanocrystals are invariant on varying the nanocrystal size and supracrystal morphology (films or faceted shape) produced through heterogeneous (solvent evaporation) growth process. A mechanical model is proposed to analyze elastic properties of supracrystals that differ from classical composite materials. These results are explained in terms of nanocrystallinity, that is, the crystalline structure of nanocrystals, which is a key parameter in achieving supracrystals of different nanocrystal sizes with robust elastic properties. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.84.195422 | Lattice generalization of the Dirac equation to general spin and the role of the flat band | We provide a setup for generalizing the two-dimensional pseudospin S=1/2 Dirac equation, arising in graphene's honeycomb lattice, to general pseudospin S. We engineer these band structures as a nearest-neighbor hopping Hamiltonian involving stacked triangular lattices. We obtain multilayered low-energy excitations around half-filling described by a two-dimensional Dirac equation of the form H=vFS•p, where S represents an arbitrary spin S (integer or half-integer). For integer S, a flat band appears, the presence of which modifies qualitatively the response of the system. Among physical observables, the density of states, the optical conductivity, and the peculiarities of Klein tunneling are investigated. We also study Chern numbers as well as the zero-energy Landau-level degeneracy. By changing the stacking pattern, the topological properties are altered significantly, with no obvious analog in multilayer graphene stacks. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1186/cc10216 | Clinical Review: Gene-based therapies for ALI/ARDS: Where are we now? | Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) confer substantial morbidity and mortality, and have no specific therapy. The accessibility of the distal lung epithelium via the airway route, and the relatively transient nature of ALI/ARDS, suggest that the disease may be amenable to gene-based therapies. Ongoing advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS have revealed multiple therapeutic targets for gene-based approaches. Strategies to enhance or restore lung epithelial and/or endothelial cell function, to strengthen lung defense mechanisms against injury, to speed clearance of infection and to enhance the repair process following ALI/ARDS have all demonstrated promise in preclinical models. Despite three decades of gene therapy research, however, the clinical potential for gene-based approaches to lung diseases including ALI/ARDS remains to be realized. Multiple barriers to effective pulmonary gene therapy exist, including the pulmonary architecture, pulmonary defense mechanisms against inhaled particles, the immunogenicity of viral vectors and the poor transfection efficiency of nonviral delivery methods. Deficits remain in our knowledge regarding the optimal molecular targets for gene-based approaches. Encouragingly, recent progress in overcoming these barriers offers hope for the successful translation of gene-based approaches for ALI/ARDS to the clinical setting. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1038/srep01361 | Strong near field enhancement in THz nano-antenna arrays | A key issue in modern photonics is the ability to concentrate light into very small volumes, thus enhancing its interaction with quantum objects of sizes much smaller than the wavelength. In the microwave domain, for many years this task has been successfully performed by antennas, built from metals that can be considered almost perfect at these frequencies. Antenna-like concepts have been recently extended into the THz and up to the visible, however metal losses increase and limit their performances. In this work we experimentally study the light coupling properties of dense arrays of subwavelength THz antenna microcavities. We demonstrate that the combination of array layout with subwavelength electromagnetic confinement allows for 10 4-fold enhancement of the electromagnetic energy density inside the cavities, despite the low quality factor of a single element. This effect is quantitatively described by an analytical model that can be applied for the optimization of any nanoantenna array. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP09(2014)065 | Weak Corrections To Higgs Hadroproduction In Association With A Top Quark Pair | We present the calculation of the next-to-leading contribution of order $\alpha_S^2\alpha^2$ to the production of a Standard Model Higgs boson in association with a top-quark pair at hadron colliders. All effects of weak and QCD origin are included, whereas those of QED origin are ignored. We work in the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO framework, and discuss sample phenomenological applications at a 8, 13, and 100 TeV $pp$ collider, including the effects of the dominant next-to-leading QCD corrections of order $\alpha_S^3\alpha$. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.3390/genealogy4030083 | Racialized Affectivities of (Un)Belonging: Mixed (Race) Couples in the Shadow of Brexit | This paper explores the affective economy of (un)belonging, revealed by the UK decision to withdraw from the European Union (EU). Emerging social science research on so-called ‘Brexit’ focuses on the anticipated effects of a stricter UK immigration regime on the lives of EU citizens and families. Against the background of the country’s postcolonial melancholia, and drawing from my ethnographic fieldwork in England (2018–2019), this paper discusses how British and mixed-migration status, mixed (race) couples narrate the impact of the poll’s outcome on their affective orientations towards the UK and the EU. It shows how race inflects partners’ different perception of Brexit as a historical rupture or as an event in a continuum; as a loss of entitlement to mobility in space, or of the legitimacy of permanence in place; as a lingering danger, or a magnifier of existing patterns of violence. By putting Black and mixed-race partners’ narratives center stage, this paper traces three scenes of expression of their perceived contested and precarious belonging: the ordinariness of racism in the UK, the mistrust in the durability of the boundaries of inclusion drawn by the British state, and a heightened alertness for fear of escalating racist and homophobic violence. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
W2385264774 | 2-D tiles pair of base vectors twice mapping declustering method | Aiming at the performance difference of real storage devices in object-based storage system,a 2-D tiles pair of base vectors twice mapping declustering method based on virtual device is proposed.Firstly,a group of virtual devices which have same storage performance and non-limited capacity is constructed,then the tiles are distributed into M virtual devices according to the distribution model of 2-D tiles pair of base vectors.Secondly,the tiles are equably mapped in M virtual devices into M equidis tant intervals in [0,1) using pseudo-random number generator.Finally,[0,1) is divided into M intervals according to the tiles distribution percentage of every real device,and the tiles in each interval are distributed in the corresponding real device. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2088580974 | Trust-Aware Information Dissemination in Social Network | Information dissemination security is a crucial factor for social network interaction. In this paper, we present a trust-aware information dissemination algorithm for social network in order to make the nodes transmitting more trustable information. Firstly, we propose information trust computation from two aspects: entity trust of information and source trust. Two above aspects can be integrated into whole trust of information. Likewise, we propose the trust relationship comutation method among nodes. Further, we present a multiple paths trust computation method (MPTC) for information dissmination in social network. Then, we address the trust-aware information dissemination algorithm (TIDA) based on above trust computaiton. Finally, our experiments show that TIDA is a feasible and effective solution for social network information dissemination. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/IRC.2019.00069 | Control of the TORA System through the IDA-PBC without Explicit Solution of Matching Equations | This paper presents the control of a translational oscillator with a rotational actuator (TORA) system, in full gravity, through the interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (IDA-PBC). The sought goal is to control the underactuated TORA system while reducing the complexity in solving the partial differential equations coming out from the so-called matching equations, which arise from the IDA-PBC. The performance of the designed controller is illustrated through numerical simulations. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1364/OE.19.014807 | Sparsity Based Sub Wavelength Imaging With Partially Incoherent Light Via Quadratic Compressed Sensing | We demonstrate that sub-wavelength optical images borne on partially-spatially-incoherent light can be recovered, from their far-field or from the blurred image, given the prior knowledge that the image is sparse, and only that. The reconstruction method relies on the recently demonstrated sparsity-based sub-wavelength imaging. However, for partially-spatially-incoherent light, the relation between the measurements and the image is quadratic, yielding non-convex measurement equations that do not conform to previously used techniques. Consequently, we demonstrate new algorithmic methodology, referred to as quadratic compressed sensing, which can be applied to a range of other problems involving information recovery from partial correlation measurements, including when the correlation function has local dependencies. Specifically for microscopy, this method can be readily extended to white light microscopes with the additional knowledge of the light source spectrum. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
988076 | Supramolecular engineering of multifunctional systems and devices: the molecular approach to 2d materials | SUPRA2DMAT is a multidisciplinary project aimed at exploiting materials engineering, by mastering supramolecular approaches, to combine the outstanding physico-chemical properties of graphene and other 2D layered materials (2DLMs) with the chemical and functional programmability of molecular components, with the ultimate goal of modulating and enhancing the properties of 2DLMs and imparting them a responsive nature. The monolayer nature of 2DLMs makes them extremely sensitive to environmental changes at the nanoscale. Controlled processing and interfacing of 2DLMs with functional molecular assemblies will be attained by means of non-covalent and (dynamic) covalent chemistry approaches. The physisorption of redox, magnetic or optical switches to create crystalline superlattices on 2DLMs will enable the fabrication of high-performance electrical devices capable to simultaneously respond to at least two external independent stimuli. Structurally precise hairy 2D and 3D layer-by-layer porous composites for multianalyte chemical sensing will be tailored via chemisorption of supramolecular receptors of the target analyte onto the 2DLMs. Highest sensitivity and selectivity in the sensing of water molecules (humidity) as well as heavy or alkali metal ions through an electrical readout will be guaranteed by the choice of the receptor and 2DLM and their nanostructuration.
The knowledge developed in SUPRA2DMAT will lead to the emergence of a conceptually new generation of multifunctional high-performance devices for applications in optoelectronics and chemical sensing, and on the long term also in energy and spintronics. SUPRA2DMAT will also bring a useful contribution to the development of future emerging technologies based on 2DLMs for light-weight, low-cost and large-area applications products on flexible substrates, e.g. for nanoscale multifunctional logic technologies and environmental monitoring, thus opening new and important perspectives in materials and nanosciences. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-018-04146-3 | High frequency neural spiking and auditory signaling by ultrafast red-shifted optogenetics | Optogenetics revolutionizes basic research in neuroscience and cell biology and bears potential for medical applications. We develop mutants leading to a unifying concept for the construction of various channelrhodopsins with fast closing kinetics. Due to different absorption maxima these channelrhodopsins allow fast neural photoactivation over the whole range of the visible spectrum. We focus our functional analysis on the fast-switching, red light-activated Chrimson variants, because red light has lower light scattering and marginal phototoxicity in tissues. We show paradigmatically for neurons of the cerebral cortex and the auditory nerve that the fast Chrimson mutants enable neural stimulation with firing frequencies of several hundred Hz. They drive spiking at high rates and temporal fidelity with low thresholds for stimulus intensity and duration. Optical cochlear implants restore auditory nerve activity in deaf mice. This demonstrates that the mutants facilitate neuroscience research and future medical applications such as hearing restoration. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1126/science.aaf1098 | Trained immunity: A program of innate immune memory in health and disease | The general view that only adaptive immunity can build immunological memory has recently been challenged. In organisms lacking adaptive immunity, as well as in mammals, the innate immune system can mount resistance to reinfection, a phenomenon termed "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory. " Trained immunity is orchestrated by epigenetic reprogramming, broadly defined as sustained changes in gene expression and cell physiology that do not involve permanent genetic changes such as mutations and recombination, which are essential for adaptive immunity. The discovery of trained immunity may open the door for novel vaccine approaches, new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of immune deficiency states, and modulation of exaggerated inflammation in autoinflammatory diseases. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W4281908409 | Prevalência da sintomatologia depressiva em estudantes de medicina de uma universidade no nordeste brasileiro | Introdução: A depressão é uma doença complexa, em que seu surgimento e desenvolvimento são marcados pela influência de diversos fatores. Os estudantes do curso de medicina tendem a compreender um grupo vulnerável à doença, visto que os mesmos lidam diariamente com fatores estressores durante toda a graduação. Objetivo: Estudar a prevalência dos sintomas do transtorno depressivo maior nos discentes de medicina de uma instituição de ensino superior no estado de Alagoas, nordeste do Brasil. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico elaborado com a participação de 259 estudantes do curso de medicina de uma instituição de ensino superior do nordeste do país, no período de agosto de 2019 e julho de 2020. O instrumento de coleta dos dados foi um questionário sociodemográfico e o Inventário de Beck (IDB). Resultados: Foi encontrada, no estudo dos sintomas depressivos nessa população, a prevalência de 51,80%. Sobre a realização de tratamento psicológico e psiquiátrico, grande parte respondeu jamais ter procurado ajuda profissional, apesar de 29,3% fazer uso de algum psicofármaco. Conclusão: As informações coletadas poderão ser utilizadas para contribuição dos dados epidemiológicos do país, de modo a propiciar melhorias na formação dos estudantes da graduação, uma vez que o reconhecimento do problema e suas variáveis prevalentes poderão determinar novas abordagens, bem como a conscientização acerca dessa patologia e de seu cuidado adequado. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1016/j.ceb.2016.10.003 | Mechanotransduction via the nuclear envelope: a distant reflection of the cell surface | As the largest and stiffest organelle in the cell, the nucleus can be subjected to significant forces generated by the cytoskeleton to adjust its shape and position, and accommodate the cellular machinery during cell migration, differentiation or division. As it was anticipated, recent work showed that mechanosensitive mechanisms exist in the nucleus and regulate its structure and function in response to mechanical force. While the molecular mechanisms that mediate this response are only beginning to be elucidated, the nuclear envelope seems to play a central role in this process. Here, we review these nuclear mechanosensitive mechanisms and highlight their functional homology with those located at the cell surface. Additionally, we discuss how these nuclear envelope mechanisms function during adhesion and migration, and how they participate in cytoskeletal organization, via direct physical contact or signaling event regulation. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
SE 0001647 W | BOARD MACHINE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A MULTILAYER CARDBOARD WEB | A board machine for manufacturing a multilayer cardboard web (1) with a printable surface layer (2), comprising a press section (5) with at least one double-felted press (45) and a wet section (4) with a first forming unit (7) for forming a first layer (2) and one or more further forming units (8) for forming one or more further layers (3). In accordance with the invention, the first forming unit (7) forms the printable surface layer (2) and, with its forming wire, transfers the web (1), which is couched by several layers (2, 3), to the upper press felt (49) with the surface layer (2) facing downwards in the press nip to contact the lower press felt (52), which exerts a greater adhesion force on the web than the upper press felt and which encompasses the lower press roll (48) by a pre-determined minimum sector angle. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a multilayer cardboard web by means of such a board machine. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1492284495 | Maximising response from GPs to questionnaire surveys: do length or incentives make a difference? | General Practitioners (GPs) respond poorly to postal surveys. Consequently there is potential for reduced data quality and bias in the findings. In general population surveys, response to postal questionnaires may be improved by reducing their length and offering incentives. The aim of this study was to investigate whether questionnaire length and/or the offer of an incentive improves the response of GPs to a postal questionnaire survey.A postal questionnaire survey was sent to 800 UK GPs randomly selected from Binley's database; a database containing contact details of professionals working in UK general practices. The random sample of GPs was assigned to one of four groups of 200, each receiving a different questionnaire, either a standard (eight sides of A4) or an abbreviated (four sides of A4) questionnaire, with or without the offer of an incentive (a prize draw entry for a £100 voucher) for completion. The effects of questionnaire length and offer of incentive on response were calculated.Of 800 mailed questionnaires, 19 GPs did not meet inclusion criteria and 172 (adjusted response 22.0%) completed questionnaires were received. Among the four groups, response ranged from 20.1% (standard questionnaire with no incentive and abbreviated questionnaire with incentive) through 21.8% (standard questionnaire with incentive), to 26.0% (abbreviated questionnaire with no incentive). There were no significant differences in response between the four groups (p = 0.447), between the groups receiving the standard versus the abbreviated questionnaire (% difference -2.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) -7.9, 3.7)) or the groups offered an incentive versus no incentive (% difference -2.1% (95% CI -7.9, 3.7).Strategies known to improve response to postal questionnaire surveys in the general population do not significantly improve the response to postal questionnaire surveys among GPs. Further refinements to these strategies, or more novel strategies, aimed at increasing response specifically among GPs need to be identified in order to maximise data quality and generalisability of research results. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1002/sej.1214 | Entrepreneurial Finance and Innovation: Informal Debt as an Empirical Case | Research Summary: Drawing on entrepreneurial finance theory, we examine the trade-offs among different sources of capital for entrepreneurial firms in emerging economies and their impact on innovation. In emerging economies, one of the unique aspects of firm financing is the presence of informal capital, as many formal sources of capital for new entrepreneurs have more constrained access than is the case in mature economies. We suspect that informal debt has an important effect on innovation, and this effect is contingent on the accessibility of formal debt and institutional development. The hypotheses are tested using survey data from 3,235 entrepreneurs in an emerging economy, China. Managerial Summary: This study demonstrates an inverted U-shaped relationship between the level of informal debt and entrepreneurial ventures’ innovation performance. The value of informal debt for promoting innovation was found to be weaker for firms having little or no access to often less expensive institutional finance, whereas a better-developed institutional environment strengthens the effects of informal debt. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
EP 2016079631 W | METHOD FOR GENERATING A HAPTIC SIGNAL ON A MANUAL CONTROL MEANS OF A VEHICLE | The invention relates to a method for generating a haptic signal in a vehicle. The method comprises determining vibration information which indicates a measurement of vibrations in the vehicle. Moreover, the method comprises generating a haptic signal on a manual control means of the vehicle, in particular on a steering wheel, depending upon the vibration information. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2065970603 | Study on the Economic Growth of Patent Output in the High-tech Industry | This paper makes the empirical research for the relationship between patent output and economic growth in the high-tech industry by panel data model. On the whole, the result shows that there is a significant long-run equilibrium relationship between patent output and economic growth. Moreover they are the Granger reason mutually, with the interactive mechanism. Patent output contributes to economic growth with a significant lagged effect, displaying the function of patent output is a dynamic accumulation process. Subsequently, through constructing the individual fixed effect regression model and analyzing it, this paper finds that there is the conspicuous difference among the spontaneous effects of economic growth among high-tech industry. Finally, this paper proposes that the science and technology input should be arranged reasonably according to the various development characteristic of each industry, instead of one-sidedly pursuing the equalization in industry distribution of the science and technology input. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1017/S0140525X15003064 | Iconic Enrichments Signs Vs Gestures | Semantic work on sign language iconicity suggests, as do Goldin-Meadow & Brentari (G-M&B) in their target article, that "sign should be compared with speech-plus-gesture, not speech alone" (sect. 7. 1). One key question is whether speech-plus-gesture and sign-with-iconicity really display the same expressive resources. This need not be the case, because gestural enrichments are typically not at-issue, whereas iconic enrichments in sign language can often be at-issue. Future research should thus focus on the "projection" properties of different sorts of iconic enrichment in both modalities. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
788535 | Going Deep and Blind with Internal Statistics | Unsupervised visual inference can often be performed by exploiting the internal redundancy inside a single visual datum (an image or a video). The strong repetition of patches inside a single image/video provides a powerful data-specific prior for solving a variety of vision tasks in a “blind” manner: (i) Blind in the sense that sophisticated unsupervised inferences can be made with no prior examples or training; (ii) Blind in the sense that complex ill-posed Inverse-Problems can be solved, even when the forward degradation is unknown.
While the above fully unsupervised approach achieved impressive results, it relies on internal data alone, hence cannot enjoy the “wisdom of the crowd” which Deep-Learning (DL) so wisely extracts from external collections of images, yielding state-of-the-art (SOTA) results. Nevertheless, DL requires huge amounts of training data, which restricts its applicability. Moreover, some internal image-specific information, which is clearly visible, remains unexploited by today's DL methods. One such example is shown in Fig.1.
We propose to combine the power of these two complementary approaches – unsupervised Internal Data Recurrence, with Deep Learning, to obtain the best of both worlds. If successful, this will have several important outcomes including:
• A wide range of low-level & high-level inferences (image & video).
• A continuum between Internal & External training – a platform to explore theoretical and practical tradeoffs between amount of available training data and optimal Internal-vs-External training.
• Enable totally unsupervised DL when no training data are available.
• Enable supervised DL with modest amounts of training data.
• New applications, disciplines and domains, which are enabled by the unified approach.
• A platform for substantial progress in video analysis (which has been lagging behind so far due to the strong reliance on exhaustive supervised training data). | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-53291-8_7 | Global Guidance For Local Generalization In Model Checking | SMT-based model checkers, especially IC3-style ones, are currently the most effective techniques for verification of infinite state systems. They infer global inductive invariants via local reasoning about a single step of the transition relation of a system, while employing SMT-based procedures, such as interpolation, to mitigate the limitations of local reasoning and allow for better generalization. Unfortunately, these mitigations intertwine model checking with heuristics of the underlying SMT-solver, negatively affecting stability of model checking. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2002097726 | Yeast surface display-based microfluidic immunoassay | In this paper, we present a new microfluidic immunoassay platform, which is based on the synergistic combination of the yeast surface display (YSD) technique and the microfluidic technology. Utilizing the YSD technique, antigens specific to the target antibody are displayed on the surface of engineered yeast cells with intracellular fluorescent proteins. The displayed antigens are then used for the detection of the target antibody, with the yeast cells as fluorescent labels. Multiplex immunoassay can be readily realized by using yeast cells expressing different intracellular fluorescent proteins to display different antigens. The implementation of this YSD-based immunoassay on the microfluidic platform eliminates the need for the bulky, complex and expensive flow cytometer. To improve the detection sensitivity and to eliminate the need for pumping, a functionalized micro pillar array (MPA) is incorporated in the microfluidic chip, resulting in a detection limit of 5 ng/mL (or 1 ng in terms of amount) and enhanced compatibility with practical applications such as clinical biopsy. This new platform has a high potential to be integrated into microfluidic detection systems to enable portable diagnostics in the future. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.9 | The low importance of marriage in eastern Germany - Social norms and the role of peoples' perceptions of the past | BACKGROUND: Eastern Germany is a region with one of the world's highest percentages of non-marital births. Marriage and childbearing seem to be decoupled. This brings into question people's views on the institution of marriage. OBJECTIVE This paper examines eastern Germans' views on cohabitation, marriage, and childbearing. It argues that historical, social, and political contexts shape the social norms of marriage and non-marital childbearing. METHODS: This paper presents data from eight qualitative focus group interviews with 74 women and men aged 25-40 in Rostock, a medium-sized city in eastern Germany. RESULTS: The respondents often compared their own motives and incentives for marriage with those which existed in the socialist German Democratic Republic (GDR) and held true for their parents. Many of them stated that having children was important for them as individuals and for their partnership. However, they treated the decision to get married and the decision to have children as two separate issues. Respondents often referred to the past and said that the strong legal and financial incentives to marry in the past regime in the socialist GDR no longer exist. Today's incentives were seen as minor, or as irrelevant to their personal situations. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
W1913985066 | Gerschenkron Redux? Analysing New Evidence on Joint-Stock Enterprise in Pre-War Shanghai | Alexander Gerschenkron (1904–78) famously postulated that the more backward an economy was at the outset of industrialisation, the more reliant it would be on state-backed banks as a means of directing investment. Gerschenkron thereby implied that impersonal equity markets were likely to play a less significant role in countries aiming to catch up with the west. This article is aimed at examining Gerschenkron’s thesis primarily through an analysis of shareholding in 1930s Shanghai. Drawing on newly discovered archival material as well as on recent studies, the paper clarifies the magnitude of joint-stock enterprise and the ubiquity of stockexchange trade in a city that was by far China’s most important economic hub. The pattern of joint-stock enterprise in pre-war China is compared with that of Japan, the first non-Western society to become fully industrialised.
The argument advanced is that Gerschenkron’s thesis incorrectly played down the significance of impersonal equity markets to pre-war Japan’s successful industrialisation and to the limited nature of pre-war China’s industrialisation. Japan could sustain its industrialisation thrust in the early 20th century on a nation-wide scale partly because of the growing vitality of its equity markets in Tokyo and Osaka. By contrast, China’s pre-war industrialisation was much less extensive because its equity markets were more limited. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1163/156856111X600226 | Evaluating The Robustness Of Top Coatings Comprising Plasma Deposited Fluorocarbons In Electrowetting Systems | Abstract Thin dielectric stacks comprising a main insulating layer and a hydrophobic top coating are commonly used in low voltage electrowetting systems. However, in most cases, thin dielectrics fail to endure persistent electrowetting testing at high voltages, namely beyond the saturation onset, as electrolysis indicates dielectric failure. Careful sample inspection via optical microscopy revealed possible local delamination of the top coating under high electric fields. Thus, improvement in the adhesion strength of the hydrophobic top coating to the main dielectric is attempted through a plasma-deposited fluorocarbon interlayer. Interestingly enough the proposed dielectric stack exhibited (a) resistance to dielectric breakdown, (b) higher contact angle modulation range and (c) electrowetting cycle reversibility. Appearance of electrolysis in the saturation regime is inhibited, suggesting the use of this hydrophobic dielectric stack for the design of more efficient electrowetting systems. The possible ca. . . | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2015116250 | Changing epidemiology of maternal mortality in rural India: time to reset strategies for MDG-5 | To understand changes in epidemiology of maternal mortality in rural India in the context of increasing institutional deliveries and implementation of community-based interventions that can inform policies to reach MDG-5.This study is a secondary analysis of prospectively collected community-based data of every pregnancy and its outcomes from 2002 to 2011 in a rural, tribal area of Gujarat, India as part of safe-motherhood programme implemented by voluntary organisation, SEWA Rural. The programme consisted of community-based interventions supported by a first referral unit, and promotion of institutional deliveries. For every maternal death, a verbal autopsy was conducted. The incidence rates for maternal mortality according to place, cause and timing of maternal deaths in relation to pregnancy were computed. Annual incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for caste and maternal education, were estimated using Poisson regression to test for linear trend in reduction in mortality during the study period.Thirty-two thousand eight hundred and ninety-three pregnancies, 29,817 live births and 80 maternal deaths were recorded. Maternal mortality ratio improved from 607 (19 deaths) in 2002-2003 to 161 (five deaths) in 2010-2011. The institutional delivery rate increased from 23% to 65%. The trend of falling maternal deaths was significant over time, with an annual reduction of 17% (adjusted IRR 0.83 CI 0.75-0.91, P-value <0.001). There were significant reductions in adjusted incidence rate of maternal deaths due to direct causes, during intrapartum and post-partum periods, and those which occurred at home. However, reductions in incidence of maternal deaths due to indirect causes, at hospital and during antepartum period were not statistically significant. Most maternal deaths are now occurring at hospitals and due to indirect causes.Gains in institutional deliveries and community-based interventions resulting in fewer maternal deaths due to direct causes should be maintained. However, it would be essential to now prioritize management of indirect causes of maternal mortality during pregnancy at community and hospitals for further reduction in maternal deaths to achieve MDG-5. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1016/j.cortex.2017.04.018 | Interoceptive ingredients of body ownership: Affective touch and cardiac awareness in the rubber hand illusion | The sense of body ownership represents a fundamental aspect of bodily self-consciousness. Using multisensory integration paradigms, recent studies have shown that both exteroceptive and interoceptive information contribute to our sense of body ownership. Interoception refers to the physiological sense of the condition of the body, including afferent signals that originate inside the body and outside the body. However, it remains unclear whether individual sensitivity to interoceptive modalities is unitary or differs between modalities. It is also unclear whether the effect of interoceptive information on body ownership is caused by exteroceptive ‘visual capture’ of these modalities, or by bottom-up processing of interoceptive information. This study aimed to test these questions in two separate samples. In the first experiment (N = 76), we examined the relationship between two different interoceptive modalities, namely cardiac awareness based on a heartbeat counting task, and affective touch perception based on stimulation of a specialized C tactile (CT) afferent system. This is an interoceptive modality of affective and social significance. In a second experiment (N = 63), we explored whether ‘off-line’ trait interoceptive sensitivity based on a heartbeat counting task would modulate the extent to which CT affective touch influences the multisensory process during the rubber hand illusion (RHI). We found that affective touch enhanced the subjective experience of body ownership during the RHI. Nevertheless, interoceptive sensitivity, as measured by a heartbeat counting task, did not modulate this effect, nor did it relate to the perception of ownership or of CT-optimal affective touch more generally. By contrast, this trait measure of interoceptive sensitivity appeared most relevant when the multisensory context of interoception was ambiguous, suggesting that the perception of interoceptive signals and their effects on body ownership may depend on individual abilities to regulate the balance of interoception and exteroception in given contexts. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
US 9824171 W | AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS OR EMULSIONS OF INTERPOLYMERS OF ALPHA-OLEFIN(S)/HINDERED VINYLIDENE AROMATIC MONOMER(S) | A film-forming, aqueous dispersion comprising at least one substantially random interpolymer comprising (A) polymer units derived from: (1) at least one vinylidene aromatic monomer, or (2) at least one hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene monomer, or (3) a combination of at least one aromatic vinylidene monomer and at least one hindered aliphatic or cycloaliphatic vinylidene monomer, and (4) at least one C2-20 alpha -olefin; and (B) a surfactant. The aqueous dispersions or emulsions of the present invention are useful as barrier paper coatings, corrosion resistance coatings, carpet backing and carpet fiber binders, in some instances, precursors for high molecular weight polymers, composites and membranes for separation systems, coatings and binders for paints, inks, moisture barriers in packaging, fabric coatings, synthetic gloves, adhesives, foams, composite flooring tiles and layers, sound deadening composite foams and pads, automotive protective exterior coatings, and removable temporary protective coatings. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
215784 | Thermos (thermal energy resource modelling and optimisation system) | THERMOS (Thermal Energy Resource Modelling and Optimisation System) will develop the methods, data, and tools to enable public authorities and other stakeholders to undertake more sophisticated thermal energy system planning far more rapidly and cheaply than they can today. This will amplify and accelerate the development of new low carbon heating and cooling systems across Europe, and enable faster upgrade, refurbishment and expansion of existing systems.
The project will realise these benefits at the strategic planning level (quantification of technical potential, identification of new opportunities) and at the project level (optimisation of management and extension of existing and new systems).
These outcomes will be achieved through:
a) Development of address-level heating and cooling energy supply and demand maps, initially for the four Pilot Cities, and subsequently for the four Replication partners - establishing a standard method and schema for high resolution European energy mapping, incorporating a wide range of additional spatial data needed for modelling and planning of thermal energy systems, and their interactions with electrical and transport energy systems;
b) Design and implementation of fast algorithms for modelling and optimising thermal systems, incorporating real-world cost, benefit and performance data, and operating both in wide area search, and local system optimisation contexts;
c) Development of a free, open-source software application integrating the spatial datasets with the search and system optimisation algorithms (trialled and tested through the public authorities representing four Pilot Cities);
d) Supporting implementation of the energy system mapping methodology, and subsequently the use of the THERMOS software, with a further four Replication Cities/Regions, from three more EU Member States;
e) Comprehensive dissemination of mapping outputs and free software tools, targeting public authorities and wider stakeholders across Europe. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00253 | High-Throughput Screening Approach for Nanoporous Materials Genome Using Topological Data Analysis: Application to Zeolites | The materials genome initiative has led to the creation of a large (over a million) database of different classes of nanoporous materials. As the number of hypothetical materials that can, in principle, be experimentally synthesized is infinite, a bottleneck in the use of these databases for the discovery of novel materials is the lack of efficient computational tools to analyze them. Current approaches use brute-force molecular simulations to generate thermodynamic data needed to predict the performance of these materials in different applications, but this approach is limited to the analysis of tens of thousands of structures due to computational intractability. As such, it is conceivable and even likely that the best nanoporous materials for any given application have yet to be discovered both experimentally and theoretically. In this article, we seek a computational approach to tackle this issue by transitioning away from brute-force characterization to high-throughput screening methods based on big-data analysis, using the zeolite database as an example. For identifying and comparing zeolites, we used a topological data analysis-based descriptor (TD) recognizing pore shapes. For methane storage and carbon capture applications, our analyses seeking pairs of highly similar zeolites discovered good correlations between performance properties of a seed zeolite and the corresponding pair, which demonstrates the capability of TD to predict performance properties. It was also shown that when some top zeolites are known, TD can be used to detect other high-performing materials as their neighbors with high probability. Finally, we performed high-throughput screening of zeolites based on TD. For methane storage (or carbon capture) applications, the promising sets from our screenings contained high-percentages of top-performing zeolites: 45% (or 23%) of the top 1% zeolites in the entire set. This result shows that our screening approach using TD is highly efficient in finding high-performing materials. We expect that this approach could easily be extended to other applications by simply adjusting one parameter, the size of the target gas molecule. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1353/lan.2013.0009 | Sound correspondences in theworld's languages | An automated sound correspondence-recognition program developed by the authors is applied to a data set consisting of standardized word lists for over half of the world's languages. Online appendices present the results in a compendium of 692 recurrent sound correspondences that contains information about the frequency of occurrence of each correspondence. Applications of the compendium to historical linguistics are proposed. For example, the catalog of correspondences and frequencies facilitates objective assessment of the commonness or rarity of shared phonological innovations cited as evidence for language-family subgrouping. In another analysis, correspondence frequency is used to measure the degree of similarity between different sounds, yielding models for classifying consonants and vowels that substantially agree with articulatory properties. Correspondence-based similarities are also compared with measurements of sound similarity involving factors such as perceptual confusions, speech errors, and cooccurrence patterns in synchronic phonological rules. Sound similarity discerned from both the perception and production of speech is found to correlate to about the same extent with correspondence-based similarities. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
260759 | Molecular Basis of Mammalian Egg-Sperm Interaction | At the dawn of the 21st century, our knowledge of the molecular mechanism of mammalian
fertilization remains very limited. Different lines of evidence indicate that initial gamete recognition
depends on interaction between a few distinct proteins on sperm and ZP3, a major component of the
extracellular coat of oocytes, the zona pellucida (ZP). On the other hand, recent findings suggest an
alternative mechanism in which cleavage of another ZP subunit, ZP2, regulates binding of gametes
by altering the global structure of the ZP. Progress in the field has been hindered by the paucity and
heterogeneity of native egg-sperm recognition proteins, so that novel approaches are needed to
reconcile all available data into a single consistent model of fertilization. Following our recent
determination of the structure of the most conserved domain of sperm receptor ZP3 by X-ray
crystallography, we will conclusively establish the basis of mammalian gamete recognition by
performing structural studies of homogeneous, biologically active recombinant proteins. First, we
will combine crystallographic studies of isolated ZP subunits with electron microscopy analysis of
their filaments to build a structural model of the ZP. Second, structures of key egg-sperm
recognition protein complexes will be determined. Third, we will investigate how proteolysis of
ZP2 triggers overall conformational changes of the ZP upon gamete fusion. Together with
functional analysis of mutant proteins, these studies will provide atomic resolution snapshots of the
most crucial step in the beginning of a new life, directly visualizing molecular determinants
responsible for species-restricted gamete interaction at fertilization. The progressive decrease of
births in the Western world and inadequacy of current contraceptive methods in developing
countries underscore an urgent need for a modern approach to reproductive welfare. This research
will not only shed light on a truly fundamental biological problem, but also constitute a solid
foundation for the reproductive medicine of the future. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1093/cid/ciz569 | Estimating Long-term Tuberculosis Reactivation Rates in Australian Migrants | The risk of progression to tuberculosis (TB) disease is greatest soon after infection, yet disease may occur many years or decades later. However, rates of TB reactivation long after infection remain poorly quantified. Australia has a low incidence of TB and most cases occur among migrants. We explored how TB rates in Australian migrants varied with time from migration, age, and gender. Methods We combined TB notifications in census years 2006, 2011, and 2016 with time- and country-specific estimates of latent TB prevalences in migrant cohorts to quantify postmigration reactivation rates. During the census years, 3246 TB cases occurred among an estimated 2 084 000 migrants with latent TB. There were consistent trends in postmigration reactivation rates, which appeared to be dependent on both time from migration and age. Rates were lower in cohorts with increasing time, until at least 20 years from migration, and on this background there also appeared to be increasing rates during youth (15–24 years of age) and in those aged 70 years and above. Within 5 years of migration, annual reactivation rates were approximately 400 per 100 000 (uncertainty interval [UI] 320–480), dropping to 170 (UI 130–220) from 5 to 10 years and 110 (UI 70–160) from 10 to 20 years, then sustaining at 60–70 per 100 000 up to 60 years from migration. Rates varied depending on age at migration. Postmigration reactivation rates appeared to show dependency on both time from migration and age. This approach to quantifying reactivation risks will enable evaluations of the potential impacts of TB control and elimination strategies. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.009 | The Translational Machinery of Human CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Cells Is Poised for Activation and Controls the Switch from Quiescence to Metabolic Remodeling | Ricciardi et al. show that the translation of pre-accumulated mRNAs encoding key players in glycolytic and fatty acid synthesis drives metabolic reprogramming of naive T cells. Upon TCR activation, the poised translational machinery is activated, thereby coordinating the translation of GLUT1 and ACC1 mRNAs and linking metabolism to effector cell fate. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1101/2020.01.24.917138 | Evolution And Maintenance Of Microbe Mediated Protection Under Occasional Pathogen Attack | Every host is colonized by a variety of microbes, some of which can protect their hosts from pathogen infection. As microbe-mediated protection can be costly, it is hypothesized, that these costs only pay off in the presence of a pathogen. However, pathogen presence naturally varies over time and can expand once pathogen infection spreads to a new host, as during occasional spill- over from reservoir hosts. We experimentally coevolved populations of Caenorhabditis elegans worm hosts with bacteria possessing protective traits (Enterococcus faecalis), in treatments varying the infection frequency with pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus every host generation, alternating host generations, every fifth host generation or never. We additionally investigated the effect of initial pathogen presence at the formation of the defensive symbiosis. Our results show that enhanced microbe-mediated protection evolved during host-protective microbe coevolution when faced with spill-over infections by a human pathogen occurring rarely over evolutionary history. Initial pathogen presence had no effect on the evolutionary outcome of microbe-mediated protection. We also found that protection was only effective at preventing mortality during the time of pathogen infection. Overall, our results suggest that resident microbes can be a form of transgenerational immunity against occasional pathogen attack or spill-over events. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1038/srep43421 | Abnormalities in A-to-I RNA editing patterns in CNS injuries correlate with dynamic changes in cell type composition | Adenosine to Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a co-or post-transcriptional mechanism that modifies genomically encoded nucleotides at the RNA level. A-to-I RNA editing is abundant in the brain, and altered editing levels have been reported in various neurological pathologies and following spinal cord injury (SCI). The prevailing concept is that the RNA editing process itself is dysregulated by brain pathologies. Here we analyzed recent RNA-seq data, and found that, except for few mammalian conserved editing sites, editing is significantly higher in neurons than in other cell populations of the brain. We studied A-to-I RNA editing in stab wound injury (SWI) and SCI models and showed that the apparent under-editing observed after injury correlates with an approximately 20% reduction in the relative density of neurons, due to cell death and immune cell infiltration that may account for the observed under-editing. Studies of neuronal and astrocyte cultures and a computational analysis of SCI RNA-seq data further supported the possibility that a reduction in neuronal density is responsible for alterations in the tissue-wide editing patterns upon injury. Thus, our data suggest that the case for a mechanistic linkage between A-to-I RNA editing and brain pathologies should be revisited. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms14168 | Mineral inclusions in diamonds may be synchronous but not syngenetic | It is widely assumed that mineral inclusions and their host diamonds are 'syngenetic' in origin, which means that they formed simultaneously and from the same chemical processes. Mineral inclusions that, instead, were formed earlier with respect to diamonds are termed protogenetic. However, minerals can have the same age as the diamonds in that they become enclosed in and isolated from any further isotopic exchange. But this is termed 'synchronous' not 'syngenetic'. Here we demonstrate conclusively the protogenesis of inclusions in diamonds, based upon data from an exceptional fragment of a diamond-bearing peridotite, its clinopyroxene and a gem-quality diamond. Clinopyroxenes in the xenolith had the same chemistry and crystallographic orientation as those for inclusions in the diamond. With our results with garnets, olivines and sulfides, we can state that a major portion of the mineral inclusions in non-coated, monocrystalline-lithospheric diamonds are protogenetic. Our discovery here presented has implications for all genetic aspects of diamond growth, including their ages. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2969498914 | Combining ProVerif and Automated Theorem Provers for Security Protocol Verification | Symbolic verification of security protocols typically relies on an attacker model called the Dolev-Yao model, which does not model adequately various algebraic properties of cryptographic operators used in many real-world protocols. In this work we describe an integration of a state-of-the-art protocol verifier ProVerif, with automated first order theorem provers (ATP). The integration allows one to model directly algebraic properties of cryptographic operators as a first-order equational theory and the specified protocol can be exported to a first-order logic specification in the standard TPTP format for ATP. An attack on a protocol corresponds to a refutation using the encoded first order clauses. We implement a tool that analyses this refutation and extracts an attack trace from it, and visualises the deduction steps performed by the attacker. We show that the combination of ProVerif and ATP can find attacks that cannot be found by ProVerif when algebraic properties are taken into account in the protocol verification. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1080/00750778.2014.904132 | Debating The Atlas Of The Great Irish Famine | The Atlas of the Great Irish Famine is a singular event in Irish publishing and in Irish historical geography (Kearns 2013). Few academic works gather this much public attention and acclaim. This Roundtable offers five reactions to the Atlas. Each is a partial view from a distinct disciplinary perspective. Gearoid O Tuathaigh considers the general historiographical context, while Marguerite Corporaal looks at the treatment of literature in the Atlas. Nessa Cronin considers the history and the purpose of Famine mapping, and Lisa Godson reviews the use of visual evidence in the Atlas. Gerry Kearns looks at the Atlas as a work of historical population geography. With typical good humour and generosity, the editors respond in a concluding essay. It is clear that the Atlas will keep on giving to teaching, to the popular historical and geographical imaginations, and to further research on this appalling event. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevD.85.045032 | Probing Lorentz violation in neutrino propagation from a core-collapse supernova | Supernova explosions provide the most sensitive probes of neutrino propagation, such as the possibility that neutrino velocities might be affected by the foamy structure of space-time thought to be generated by quantum-gravitational effects. Recent two-dimensional simulations of the neutrino emissions from core-collapse supernovae suggest that they might exhibit variations in time on the scale of a few milliseconds. We analyze simulations of such neutrino emissions using a wavelet technique, and consider the limits that might be set on a linear or quadratic violation of Lorentz invariance in the group velocities of neutrinos of different energies, v/c=[1±(E/M νLV1)] or [1±(E/M νLV2)2], if variations on such short time scales were to be observed, where the mass scales M νLVi might appear in models of quantum gravity. We find prospective sensitivities to M νLV1∼2×1013GeV and M νLV2∼106GeV at the 95%confidence level, up to 2 orders of magnitude beyond estimates made using previous one-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae. We also analyze the prospective sensitivities to scenarios in which the propagation times of neutrinos of fixed energies are subject to stochastic fluctuations. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.mib.2014.06.013 | Noncoding RNAs as emerging regulators of Plasmodium falciparum virulence gene expression | The eukaryotic unicellular pathogen Plasmodium falciparum tightly regulates gene expression, both during development and in adaptation to dynamic host environments. This regulation is evident in the mutually exclusive expression of members of clonally variant virulence multigene families. While epigenetic regulators have been selectively identified at active or repressed virulence genes, their specific recruitment remains a mystery. In recent years, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as lynchpins of eukaryotic gene regulation; by binding to epigenetic regulators, they provide target specificity to otherwise non-specific enzyme complexes. Not surprisingly, there is great interest in understanding the role of ncRNA in P. falciparum, in particular, their contribution to the mutually exclusive expression of virulence genes. The current repertoire of P. falciparum ncRNAs includes, but is not limited to, subtelomeric ncRNAs, virulence gene-associated ncRNAs and natural antisense RNA transcripts. Continued improvement in high-throughput sequencing methods is sure to expand this repertoire. Here, we summarize recent advances in P. falciparum ncRNA biology, with an emphasis on ncRNA-mediated epigenetic modes of gene regulation. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W4296593758 | Alfabetização científica: representações sociais sobre iniciação científica de professores PDE-PR em Química | O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar uma pesquisa do tipo “Estado da Arte” dos artigos científicos da área Química, produzidos por professores que promoviam Alfabetização Científica no Paraná. Os artigos foram realizados como parte do processo de formação continuada do Programa de Desenvolvimento Educacional do Paraná (PDE-PR). Essa produção está disponibilizada em Cadernos PDE-PR, turmas 2007 a 2016. A opção por identificar e sistematizar os resumos contidos em oito Cadernos PDE-PR, com leitura na íntegra dos artigos, visou selecionar e categoriza aqueles que contemplavam práticas que promoviam a Alfabetização Científica. Depois de sistematizados por modelos REDUC e configurado o Corpus, processaram-se os dados no software (IRAMUTEQ), o que possibilitou as análises de similitude e nuvem de palavras. A análise, com o aporte teórico da Teoria das Representações Sociais, indica que as produções apresentam alguns indícios sobre a Iniciação Científica na Educação Básica, os quais apontam para a Alfabetização Científica, além de evidenciar a baixa formação dos professores para práticas de Iniciação Científica, a precariedade dos laboratórios e a falta de uma Política Pública do estado do Paraná. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1186/s41747-017-0034-1 | Simultaneous wood and metal particle detection on dark-field radiography | Background: Currently, the detection of retained wood is a frequent but challenging task in emergency care. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate improved foreign-body detection with the novel approach of preclinical X-ray dark-field radiography. Methods: At a preclinical dark-field x-ray radiography, setup resolution and sensitivity for simultaneous detection of wooden and metallic particles have been evaluated in a phantom study. A clinical setting has been simulated with a formalin fixated human hand where different typical foreign-body materials have been inserted. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) have been determined for all test objects. Results: On the phantom, the SNR value for wood in the dark-field channel was strongly improved by a factor 6 compared to conventional radiography and even compared to the SNR of an aluminium structure of the same size in conventional radiography. Splinters of wood < 300 μm in diameter were clearly detected on the dark-field radiography. Dark-field radiography of the formalin-fixated human hand showed a clear signal for wooden particles that could not be identified on conventional radiography. Conclusions: x-ray dark-field radiography enables the simultaneous detection of wooden and metallic particles in the extremities. It has the potential to improve and simplify the current state-of-the-art foreign-body detection. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1039/c9cp01677e | Tuning the magnetic properties of graphene derivatives by functional group selection | The recent discovery of hydroxofluorographene G(OH)F, a graphene derivative showing room temperature antiferromagnetic ordering, suggests that there may be other sp-materials based on sp3-functionalized graphene that exhibit magnetic ordering and whose properties can be controlled by selecting suitable functional groups. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0068450 | High-Content Analysis of Sequential Events during the Early Phase of Influenza A Virus Infection | Influenza A virus (IAV) represents a worldwide threat to public health by causing severe morbidity and mortality every year. Due to high mutation rate, new strains of IAV emerge frequently. These IAVs are often drug-resistant and require vaccine reformulation. A promising approach to circumvent this problem is to target host cell determinants crucial for IAV infection, but dispensable for the cell. Several RNAi-based screens have identified about one thousand cellular factors that promote IAV infection. However, systematic analyses to determine their specific functions are lacking. To address this issue, we developed quantitative, imaging-based assays to dissect seven consecutive steps in the early phases of IAV infection in tissue culture cells. The entry steps for which we developed the assays were: virus binding to the cell membrane, endocytosis, exposure to low pH in endocytic vacuoles, acid-activated fusion of viral envelope with the vacuolar membrane, nucleocapsid uncoating in the cytosol, nuclear import of viral ribonucleoproteins, and expression of the viral nucleoprotein. We adapted the assays to automated microscopy and optimized them for high-content screening. To quantify the image data, we performed both single and multi-parametric analyses, in combination with machine learning. By time-course experiments, we determined the optimal time points for each assay. Our quality control experiments showed that the assays were sufficiently robust for high-content analysis. The methods we describe in this study provide a powerful high-throughput platform to understand the host cell processes, which can eventually lead to the discovery of novel anti-pathogen strategies. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.4161/cc.10.7.15231 | A minimally invasive assay for individual assessment of the ATM/CHEK2/p53 pathway activity | Ionizing radiation induces DNA Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) which activate the ATM/CHEK2/p53 pathway leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through transcription of genes including CDKN1A (p21) and BBC3 (PUMA). This pathway prevents genomic instability and tumorigenesis as demonstrated in heritable syndromes (e. g. , Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT); Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS)). Here, a simple assay based on gene expression in peripheral blood to measure accurately ATM/CHEK2/p53 pathway activity is described. The expression of p21, Puma and Sesn2 was determined in blood from mice with different gene copy numbers of Atm, Trp53 (p53), Chek2 or Arf and in human blood and mitogen stimulated T-lymphocyte (MSTL) cultures from AT, AT carriers, LFS patients and controls, both before and after ex vivo ionizing irradiation. Mouse Atm/Chek2/p53 activity was highly dependent on the copy number of each gene except Arf. In human MSTL, an AT case, AT carriers and LFS patients showed responses distinct from healthy donors. The relationship between gene copy number and transcriptional induction upon radiation was linear for p21 and Puma and correlated well with cancer incidence in p53 variant mice. This reliable blood test provides an assay to determine ATM/CHEK2/p53 pathway activity and demonstrates the feasibility of assessing the activity of this essential cancer protection pathway in simple assays. These findings may have implications for the individualized prediction of cancer susceptibility. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
RU 2010123950 A | СПОСОБ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ПУЦЦОЛАНОВ | 1. Способ переработки пуццоланов, включающих шлак и золу-уноса, такую как зола-уноса Class F и/или Class C, используемую для производства строительных растворов и бетонных смесей, в котором пуццоланы подвергают высокоэнергетической механической обработке путем измельчения в оборудовании для измельчения, в результате чего частицы пуццолана получают механические импульсы, отличающийся тем, что неценосферные частицы в форме крупных частиц шлака распадаются, и в результате чего поверхность ценосферных измельченных частиц активируется, и причем пуццолан подвергают измельчению, для того чтобы готовый продукт имел следующее распределение частиц по размерам: ! ≤5 мкм 15-25 вес.%, ! ≤10 мкм 30-40 вес.%, ! ≤30 мкм 90-95 вес.%. ! 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что пуццолан подвергают предварительному рассеву для отделения фракции с удержанием по меньшей мере 90% на сите с размером отверстий 45 мкм, и причем более крупные частицы измельчают до крупности с удержанием менее чем 5% на сите с размером отверстий 30 мкм, для достижения прочности в соответствии с пуццоланическим индексом ASTM C 618 после 28 дней, который ≥75%. ! 3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что пуццолан подвергают предварительному рассеву для отделения фракции с удержанием по меньшей мере 95% на сите с размером отверстий 45 мкм, и причем более крупные частицы измельчают до крупности с удержанием менее чем 5% на сите с размером отверстий 30 мкм. !4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что пуццолан подвергают предварительному рассеву для отделения фракции с удержанием по меньшей мере 99% на сите с размером отверстий 45 мкм, и причем более крупные частицы измельчают до крупности с удержанием менее | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
GB 201303384 A | Fascia for a Roller Blind | A fascia assembly for a roller blind comprising an elongate fascia member 2 and a pair of mounting brackets 4, 6 mounted on ends of the fascia member. The mounting brackets engage roller support brackets 16 by seat (20) and securing member with lip (28) co-operating with a further lip (30) on a wall 22 of the seat to enable a snap fit connection. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
948139 | Entropy for Quantum Information Science | Entropy for quantum systems is the fundamental, interdisciplinary concept to quantify the advantage of quantum technologies for processing of information. It is well-established that the quantum advantage originates from the strong correlations found in the entanglement spectrum of multipartite quantum states, as exactly characterised by the information-theoretic tool quantum entropy. Contrary to the case of classical systems, however, our knowledge about the mathematics of quantum entropy is much more limited. Nonetheless, special entropy inequalities that are known to hold in the quantum case, such as the strong sub-additivity of quantum entropy, give crucial insights into the entanglement structure of multipartite quantum states. In this project, I will focus on understanding multipartite entropic constraints, which will lead to tight characterisations of the ultimate, physical limits of quantum information processing.
My recent mathematical works in quantum information led to operational extensions of the concept of strong sub-additivity from the seventies. Starting from that, I propose a research program that will lead to an understanding of quantum entropy that is on the same level as for the classical, commutative case. In the first part of my project, I will establish techniques in matrix analysis and optimisation theory to understand the interplay of arbitrarily many non-commuting operators. This mathematical framework will allow to prove novel quantum entropy inequalities that lead to refined approximations on the entanglement structure of multipartite quantum states. Second, I will employ the newly obtained entropic constraints to derive approximation algorithms for a plethora of fundamental problems in quantum information science. This includes schemes for achieving the physical limits of cryptography, resolving entropic additivity questions in information theory, and providing algorithms for the description of strongly interacting many body systems. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W4281491210 | Du musée intégral au musée social : l’épistémologie politique de la muséologie sociale au Brésil | RésumésFrançais English Español La réflexion sur l'épistémologie politique de la muséologie sociale au Brésil s'appuie ici sur une observation des énoncés et des usages contemporains du musée.Notre objectif est de démontrer comment, à partir d'influences diverses et grâce à certaines politiques publiques nationales, les « musées sociaux » partagent certaines caractéristiques communes et issues des mêmes principes « idéologiques » à la base de la notion de « musée de société » dans le contexte français.En outre, nous chercherons à démontrer comment ces musées ont subverti la normativité disciplinaire de ce même concept dans les expériences locales en Amérique latine.Enfin, à travers l'exemple du Museu das remoções, un musée social urbain créé en 2016, nous montrerons la manière dont la « muséologie sociale » reflète cette tendance à l'expression contestataire, aussi bien inspirée par des modèles importés que subvertie par les groupes sociaux qui se reconnaissent comme acteurs de la contre-muséalisation politisée du patrimoine.This article reflects on the political epistemology of social museology in Brazil, by considering the uses and discourses of museums in contemporary contexts.Through an examination of national public policies and other influences, the paper argues that so-called "social museums" in Brazil share common characteristics and stem from the same "ideological" principles that yielded the notion of musée de société in the French context.Likewise, it shows how social museums have subverted the normativity of the musée de société as a concept in local experiences in Latin America.Lastly, Museu das Remoções, an urban social museum created in 2016, is taken as an example to illustrate how "social museology" has become a trend for the expression of protest, inspired by imported models and, at the same time, subverted by social groups that recognize themselves as actors in the politicized counter-musealization of heritage.La presente reflexión sobre la epistemología política de la museología social en Brasil se basa en la observación de los enunciados y usos contemporáneos del museo.Nuestro objetivo consiste en demostrar cómo, a partir de diversas influencias y gracias a ciertas políticas públicas nacionales, los "museos sociales" comparten ciertas características comunes y provenientes de los mismos principios "ideológicos" que estructuran la noción de "museo de sociedad" en el contexto francés.Adicionalmente, buscamos demostrar de qué manera estos museos han subvertido la normatividad disciplinaria de este mismo concepto en experiencias locales de América Latina.Finalmente, a través del ejemplo del Museu das remoções, un museo social urbano creado en 2016, mostraremos cómo la "museología social" refleja esta tendencia a la expresión contestataria, inspirada por los modelos importados y subvertida por grupos sociales que se reconocen como actores de la contra-musealización politizada del patrimonio. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1242/bio.20148078 | Endothelial cells regulate neural crest and second heart field morphogenesis | ABSTRACT
Cardiac and craniofacial developmental programs are intricately linked during early embryogenesis, which is also reflected by a high frequency of birth defects affecting both regions. The molecular nature of the crosstalk between mesoderm and neural crest progenitors and the involvement of endothelial cells within the cardio–craniofacial field are largely unclear. Here we show in the mouse that genetic ablation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (Flk1) in the mesoderm results in early embryonic lethality, severe deformation of the cardio–craniofacial field, lack of endothelial cells and a poorly formed vascular system. We provide evidence that endothelial cells are required for migration and survival of cranial neural crest cells and consequently for the deployment of second heart field progenitors into the cardiac outflow tract. Insights into the molecular mechanisms reveal marked reduction in Transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgfb1) along with changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. Our collective findings in both mouse and avian models suggest that endothelial cells coordinate cardio–craniofacial morphogenesis, in part via a conserved signaling circuit regulating ECM remodeling by Tgfb1. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
interreg_2499 | NETwork of small "in situ" WAste Prevention and management initiatives | NETWAP project will generate a set of guidelines for national and local governments, that will help them implement, based on the practical experiences with pilot actions,new methodologies in the field of sustainable waste management, with particular attention to the local and community dimension. These guidelines will be released in the form of a position paper including elements on how to set up the regulatory requirements in each territory, for the application of economic management models and environmentally sustainable procedures. In addition, there will be references on how to establish, starting from the analysis on economic sustainability, funding mechanisms to sustain economically the management models. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2319180312 | Legacy sediments and historic land use: Chemostratigraphic evidence for excess nutrient and heavy metal sources and remobilization | Major and trace element geochemistry of sediment cores of “legacy” deposits (i.e., sediments eroded from upland areas starting in Colonial times, reflecting intensive land use, that have altered pre-Colonial environments and are impairing modern environments) from behind former mill dams in different land-use sub-watersheds of the Yellow Breeches Creek (Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, USA) provide insight into the origins of elements with multiple natural and anthropogenic sources. In comparing a forested land-use watershed with an agriculturally affected one, we find similar elemental ratios with Al for pre-settlement and early legacy sediments, but increasing trends of nutrient elements and select trace metals through time in the agriculturally affected legacy deposit. Likely sources of excess P, Cu, and Pb over background are fertilizer, pesticides, and other soil amendments. Pb trends show smaller increases over time in the forested land-use subwatershed, mostly due to the input of leaded gasoline emissions to the atmosphere and ubiquitous fallout to all watersheds. The agriculturally affected subwatershed cores show significantly more Pb, suggesting multiple sources. The continued remobilization of legacy sediments from thousands of mill ponds in the eastern United States suggests that this source of nutrients and trace elements may add significantly to the degradation of downstream ecosystems such as the Chesapeake Bay. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2280892516 | Propositions VIII.4–5 of Euclid'sElementsand the compounding of ratios on the monochord | In this article, I try to show how the operation of compounding of ratios as performed with the method of Proposition VIII.4 of Euclid's Elements, has possibly taken shape from experiments on the monochord. This fact, together with the systematic and exclusive use of Proposition VIII.4 in the harmonic field, strengthens the thesis concerning the connection between harmonic theory and Book VIII. A misinterpretation by Zarlino, the most important music theorist of the Renaissance, will help us explain how the musical model may have been partially responsible for the disconnection between compounding and multiplication present in the Elements in spite of the link established by Proposition VIII.5. | [
"Mathematics",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1016/j.ceb.2008.01.011 | Eph-ephrin signalling in adult tissues and cancer | Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands, the ephrins, play key roles in the regulation of migration and cell adhesion during development, thereby influencing cell fate, morphogenesis and organogenesis. Recent findings suggest that Eph signalling also controls the architecture and physiology of different tissues in the adult body under normal and pathological conditions such as cancer. A prime example is the intestinal epithelium where EphB-ephrinB interactions regulate both cell positioning and tumor progression. Here, we will review recent advances on the role of Eph-ephrin signalling in the intestine and other organs. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
101002090 | High-Precision Global Analysis of Color-Free LHC Processes at Small Recoil | The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN collides protons at the highest energies. With the large datasets from Run 2 and the further increase expected from Run 3, the precision of LHC measurements will significantly improve over the next years. Color-free processes (for which the final state of the hard interaction is color neutral) are of central importance to several high-priority areas of the LHC precision physics program. Prominent examples are measurements of the W-boson mass, of the couplings of the Higgs boson, and searches for the elusive dark matter particles.
The key innovation of COLORFREE will be to combine many different color-free processes in a new type of global analysis in which the dominant theory uncertainties are either eliminated or constrained by the data itself, thereby improving the theoretical precision up to an order of magnitude to the 1-2% level. In doing so, COLORFREE will unlock the full potential of existing and future precision measurements of color-free processes.
This will be achieved 1) by exploiting and further developing a groundbreaking new method to reliably quantify perturbative theory uncertainties and their correlations, which was recently developed by the PI, and 2) by developing innovative new effective-field theory methods to account for all effects that are relevant at this precision but have been neglected so far.
Important outcomes of COLORFREE will be:
1) Determinations of fundamental parameters at the highest possible precision, and stringent tests for possible effects beyond the Standard Model.
2) A new type of precision theory predictions with built-in uncertainties and correlations, which will solve a long-standing problem at the interface of theory and experiment. In particular, precision measurements often avoid theory limitations by relying on theory uncertainties to cancel between different control and signal regions, but until now have had no means to reliably quantify the remaining theory uncertainties. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
3743001 | Design of low-cost and carbon-resistant ni-based mesoporous silicas for chemical co2 utilization through tri-reforming of methane | Increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in our atmosphere are becoming evident and are having a tremendous effect on the global temperature rise. Growing awareness of greenhouse gas emissions has led to the implementation of chemical CO2 utilization technologies. Tri-reforming of methane (TRM) can not only produce synthesis gas (CO + H2) with desired H2/CO ratios (1.5–2.0) but can also eliminate carbon formation which is a serious problem in reforming of methane. Moreover, TRM allows converting CO2 directly from flue gases when applied in natural gas-fired power plants. However, a lack of catalysts able to operate efficiently with sufficient long-term stability hinders the development of the process. In this project, the proposed solution is to design a Ni-based mesoporous silica resistant to sintering and carbon formation and able to perform superior catalytic conversion of CO2. The synthesis of catalysts takes advantage of renewable bio-sources, zero-cost industrial waste and assistance of microwaves. The latter is applied to reduce power usage. The catalytic measurements will be performed with gas composition typical of flue gases from a natural-gas-fired power plant. The materials will be characterized by methods dedicated to examine physico-chemical features, such as XRD, N2 sorption, TPR, H2 chemisorption, TGA/DSC-MS, and XPS. The catalysts with optimal properties will be studied by steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA). Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) will be carried out to support the experiments. The understanding of possible deactivation mechanisms (carbon formation, sintering, selectivity towards side reactions) will be studied during the Secondment stay (Sorbonne Université, France). Operando XAS-XRD measurements will be performed to reveal the nature of active sites on the tri-reforming catalysts. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1177/0969776415596449 | The Energy Divide Integrating Energy Transitions Regional Inequalities And Poverty Trends In The European Union | Energy poverty can be understood as the inability of a household to secure a socially and materially necessitated level of energy services in the home. While the condition is widespread across Europe, its spatial and social distribution is highly uneven. In this paper, the existence of a geographical energy poverty divide in the European Union (EU) provides a starting point for conceptualizing and exploring the relationship between energy transitions - commonly described as wide-ranging processes of socio-technical change - and existing patterns of regional economic inequality. We have undertaken a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal trends in the national-scale patterns of energy poverty, as well as gas and electricity prices. The results of our work indicate that the classic economic development distinction between the core and periphery also holds true in the case of energy poverty, as the incidence of this phenomenon is significantly higher in Southern and Eastern European EU Member States. The paper thus aims to provide the building blocks for a novel theoretical integration of questions of path-dependency, uneven development and material deprivation in existing interpretations of energy transitions. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-018-03842-4 | Disclosing the temperature of columnar jointing in lavas | Columnar joints form by cracking during cooling-induced contraction of lava, allowing hydrothermal fluid circulation. A lack of direct observations of their formation has led to ambiguity about the temperature window of jointing and its impact on fluid flow. Here we develop a novel thermo-mechanical experiment to disclose the temperature of columnar jointing in lavas. Using basalts from Eyjafjallajökull volcano (Iceland) we show that contraction during cooling induces stress build-up below the solidus temperature (980°C), resulting in localised macroscopic failure between 890 and 840°C. This temperature window for incipient columnar jointing is supported by modelling informed by mechanical testing and thermal expansivity measurements. We demonstrate that columnar jointing takes place well within the solid state of volcanic rocks, and is followed by a nonlinear increase in system permeability of <9 orders of magnitude during cooling. Columnar jointing may promote advective cooling in magmatic-hydrothermal environments and fluid loss during geothermal drilling and thermal stimulation. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1209/0295-5075/109/56001 | Ar N _2 A Non Universal Glass | glass. Unlike the case in KBr:CN, a distinct class of TLSs havingweak interaction with the strain and untypically small bias energies is not found. The additionof CO molecules introduces CO flips which form such a class of weakly interacting TLSs, albeitat much lower coupling than are typically observed in solids. We conclude that because of theabsence of a distinct class of weakly interacting TLSs, Ar:N | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
Q3908162 | Apoio às pequenas empresas com um volume de negócios superior a 500 000 BGN para superar o impacto económico da pandemia de COVID-19 | Apoio às pequenas empresas com um volume de negócios superior a 500 000 BGN para superar o impacto económico da pandemia de COVID-19 | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.2337/db16-0199 | Genome-wide association study of the modified stumvoll insulin sensitivity index identifies BCL2 and FAM19A2 as novel insulin sensitivity loci | Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found few common variants that influence fasting measures of insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that a GWAS of an integrated assessment of fasting and dynamic measures of insulin sensitivity would detect novel common variants. We performed a GWAS of the modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI) within the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium. Discovery for genetic association was performed in 16,753 individuals, and replication was attempted for the 23 most significant novel loci in 13,354 independent individuals. Association with ISI was tested in models adjusted for age, sex, and BMI and in a model analyzing the combined influence of the genotype effect adjusted for BMI and the interaction effect between the genotype and BMI on ISI (model 3). In model 3, three variants reached genome-wide significance: Rs13422522 (NYAP2; P = 8. 87 × 10-11), rs12454712 (BCL2; P = 2. 7 × 10-8), and rs10506418 (FAM19A2; P = 1. 9 × 10-8). The association at NYAP2 was eliminated by conditioning on the known IRS1 insulin sensitivity locus; the BCL2 and FAM19A2 associations were independent of known cardiometabolic loci. In conclusion, we identified two novel loci and replicated known variants associated with insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to clarify the causal variant and function at the BCL2 and FAM19A2 loci. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
759926 | Urban Metamorphosis of the community of a Medieval African capital city | UMMA (Arab. أمة - community) is a multidisciplinary project aimed as the first study of the liminal phases of a Christian African community inhabiting Dongola, the capital city of of Makuria (modern Sudan). It will concern the twilight of Christian Dongola and the metamorphosis of its urban community into a new entity organised along different social and religious paradigms. The project will investigate the impact between the weakening of the central authority and migrations of Islamic Arab tribes on the kingdom’s capital city and its community. The notion that the project intends to investigate is that a complete breakdown of this urban organism and its hinterland was avoided thanks to cooperation established between the remaining local community and migrant population groups arriving in the period under consideration. The project will seek to identify strategies of
interaction between the local community and the newcomers, as well as patterns of survival of the old traditions on household level. UMMA will lay foundations for further enquiries into evolution of precolonial African communities and provoke a general discussion on social changes in urban environments. It will unfold a whole new research perspective on the period from the gradual decline of the kingdom of Makuria (14th-15th cent. CE) to the Egyptian invasion in 1820, which is virtually absent from scholarly enquiry to date.
UMMA brings together specialists from several disciplines to carry out an exemplary archaeological project to set the standards for future archaeological research on late medieval and early modern Sudan. The project will combine methods of inquiry used in disciplines like history, archaeology, geophysics, chemistry and physics to obtain a multifaceted, cross-disciplinary perspective on the social phenomenon of liminal periods in urbanism. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003499 | The Specificity and Flexibility of L1 Reverse Transcription Priming at Imperfect T-Tracts | L1 retrotransposons have a prominent role in reshaping mammalian genomes. To replicate, the L1 ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP) first uses its endonuclease (EN) to nick the genomic DNA. The newly generated DNA end is subsequently used as a primer to initiate reverse transcription within the L1 RNA poly(A) tail, a process known as target-primed reverse transcription (TPRT). Prior studies demonstrated that most L1 insertions occur into sequences related to the L1 EN consensus sequence (degenerate 5′-TTTT/A-3′ sites) and frequently preceded by imperfect T-tracts. However, it is currently unclear whether-and to which degree-the liberated 3′-hydroxyl extremity on the genomic DNA needs to be accessible and complementary to the poly(A) tail of the L1 RNA for efficient priming of reverse transcription. Here, we employed a direct assay for the initiation of L1 reverse transcription to define the molecular rules that guide this process. First, efficient priming is detected with as few as 4 matching nucleotides at the primer 3′ end. Second, L1 RNP can tolerate terminal mismatches if they are compensated within the 10 last bases of the primer by an increased number of matching nucleotides. All terminal mismatches are not equally detrimental to DNA extension, a C being extended at higher levels than an A or a G. Third, efficient priming in the context of duplex DNA requires a 3′ overhang. This suggests the possible existence of additional DNA processing steps, which generate a single-stranded 3′ end to allow L1 reverse transcription. Based on these data we propose that the specificity of L1 reverse transcription initiation contributes, together with the specificity of the initial EN cleavage, to the distribution of new L1 insertions within the human genome. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
171325 | High performance seasonal solar energy latent heat thermal storage using low grade, low melting temperature metallic alloys | Energy storage technologies have long been a subject of great interest to both academia and industry. The aim of this project is to develop a novel, cost effective and high performance Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System (LHTESS) for seasonal accumulation of solar energy in increased quantities. The major barrier for currently used Phase Change Materials (PCMs, organic and hydrated salts) is their very low heat conduction coefficient, low density, chemical instability and tendency to sub-cooling. Such inferior thermo-physical properties result in the LHTESS having large dimensions and not having a capacity to provide the necessary rate of heat re-charge and discharge, even with highly developed heat exchangers. The new approach to overcome the above issues is the deployment of low grade, eutectic low melting temperature metallic alloys (ELMTAs). The ELMTAs are currently produced for application in other areas and have not been actively considered for the thermal energy accumulation with the exception of very limited studies. Their heat conduction is two orders of magnitude greater than that of conventional PCMs, they are stable and provide the thermal storage capacity which is 2-3 times greater per unit of volume. The project consists of both theoretical and experimental investigations. A range of low grade ELMTAs for application in LHTESS will be selected and Differential Scanning Calorimetry will be used to measure their thermal properties. Thermal cycling tests of such alloys will be conducted. Numerical investigations of heat transfer and flow in the LHTESS with ELMTAs will be performed. Experimental studies of heat transfer and flow in a laboratory prototype of the LHTESS with ELMTAs will be conducted. As outcomes of investigations, dimensionless heat transfer correlations will be derived and design recommendations for a practical solar energy seasonal LHTESS with the low grade ELMTA will be produced for project industrial partner | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1128/AEM.01838-14 | Expanding the verrucomicrobial methanotrophic world: Description of three novel species of Methylacidimicrobium gen. nov | Methanotrophic Verrucomicrobia have been found in geothermal environments characterized by high temperatures and low pH values. However, it has recently been hypothesized that methanotrophic Verrucomicrobia could be present under a broader range of environmental conditions. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of three new species of mesophilic acidophilic verrucomicrobial methanotrophs from a volcanic soil in Italy. The three new species showed 97% to 98% 16S rRNA gene identity to each other but were related only distantly (89% to 90% on the 16S rRNA level) to the thermophilic genus Methylacidiphilum. We propose the new genus Methylacidimicrobium, including the novel species Methylacidimicrobium fagopyrum, Methylacidimicrobium tartarophylax, and Methylacidimicrobium cyclopophantes. These mesophilic Methylacidimicrobium spp. were more acid tolerant than their thermophilic relatives; the most tolerant species, M. tartarophylax, still grew at pH 0. 5. The variation in growth temperature optima (35 to 44°C) and maximum growth rates (μmax; 0. 013 to 0. 040 h-1) suggested that all species were adapted to a specific niche within the geothermal environment. All three species grew autotrophically using the Calvin cycle. The cells of all species contained glycogen particles and electron-dense particles in their cytoplasm as visualized by electron microscopy. In addition, the cells of one of the species (M. fagopyrum) contained intracytoplasmic membrane stacks. The discovery of these three new species and their growth characteristics expands the known diversity of verrucomicrobial methanotrophs and shows that they are present in many more ecosystems than previously assumed. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2266267005 | Status quo of beekeeping in dryland area of Mwanga district as an entry point towards improved beekeeping intervention | Beekeeping is among the economic activities with potential to enhance incomes of smallholder households in the light of climate change through diversification with other activities. Smallholder farmers in the dryland areas of Mwanga district have been affected by climate change. The area has great potential for beekeeping based on the the fact that it has abundant availability of bee forage plants such as Acacia and other trees species and herb vegetation types. Beekeeping, thus, is one of the sectors on which efforts towards improving life standards of people can put emphasis on. However, before interventions for improved beekeeping can be implemented, understanding of the field realities on beekeeping is imperative. Such knowledge may include issues related to local household beekeeping strategies, challenges facing the sector, and mechanisms for addressing those challenges. In Mwanga district, the practice of beekeeping entailed the use of log-hives and traditional ways of beekeeping such as the use of fire in harvesting honey which can result into forest fires; beekeepers encoutered the challenges of theft of honey, lack of appropriate facilities and working gears, and low knowledge on honey production. Also, beekeepers were not organized to delibarate on their interests, instead they operated independent of one another. It was recommended that training should be provided and incentives created so as to promote beekeeping profitably and eco-friendly, and further research is recommended on the market aspects of beekeeping. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms7533 | Cmr1/WDR76 defines a nuclear genotoxic stress body linking genome integrity and protein quality control | DNA replication stress is a source of genomic instability. Here we identify changed mutation rate 1 (Cmr1) as a factor involved in the response to DNA replication stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and show that Cmr1 - together with Mrc1/Claspin, Pph3, the chaperonin containing TCP1 (CCT) and 25 other proteins - define a novel intranuclear quality control compartment (INQ) that sequesters misfolded, ubiquitylated and sumoylated proteins in response to genotoxic stress. The diversity of proteins that localize to INQ indicates that other biological processes such as cell cycle progression, chromatin and mitotic spindle organization may also be regulated through INQ. Similar to Cmr1, its human orthologue WDR76 responds to proteasome inhibition and DNA damage by relocalizing to nuclear foci and physically associating with CCT, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved biological function. We propose that Cmr1/WDR76 plays a role in the recovery from genotoxic stress through regulation of the turnover of sumoylated and phosphorylated proteins. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1145/2737924.2737976 | Synthesis Of Ranking Functions Using Extremal Counterexamples | We present a complete method for synthesizing lexicographic linear ranking functions (and thus proving termination), supported by inductive invariants, in the case where the transition relation of the program includes disjunctions and existentials (large block encoding of control flow). Previous work would either synthesize a ranking function at every basic block head, not just loop headers, which reduces the scope of programs that may be proved to be terminating, or expand large block transitions including tests into (exponentially many) elementary transitions, prior to computing the ranking function, resulting in a very large global constraint system. In contrast, our algorithm incrementally refines a global linear constraint system according to extremal counterexamples: only constraints that exclude spurious solutions are included. Experiments with our tool Termite show marked performance and scalability improvements compared to other systems. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
US 2009/0048441 W | RAPID DATA-BASED DATA ADEQUACY PROCEDURE FOR PIPEPLINE INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT | A method and system for evaluating the sample coverage of ultrasonic or radiography (UT/RT) measurements of pipeline wall thickness for statistical validity. A data library contains distributions of in-line inspection (ILI) measurements for other pipelines, calibrated to correspond to UT/RT measurements as needed. The data library for these ILI-measured pipelines also includes statistics generated from Monte Carlo simulation, by way of which various sample coverage levels sample the ILI measurements, for determining whether a measurement exceeds a given threshold or meets another premise related to determining the extreme wall loss measurement for the pipeline. A pipeline with sampled UT/RT measurements is used to identify one or more ILI-measured pipeline datasets that are most similar, and the statistics from those most similar pipeline datasets determine whether the sample coverage of the UT/RT measurements is sufficient to draw conclusions about the extreme value of wall loss in the sampled pipeline. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.3466876 | Steady State Current Transfer And Scattering Theory | The correspondence between the steady-state theory of current transfer and scattering theory in a system of coupled tight-binding models of one-dimensional wires is explored. For weak interwire coupling both calculations give nearly identical results, except at singular points associated with band edges. The effect of decoherence in each of these models is studied using a generalization of the Liouville–von Neuman equation suitable for steady-state situations. An example of a single impurity model is studied in detail, leading to a lattice model of scattering off target that affects both potential scattering and decoherence. For an impurity level lying inside the energy band, the transmission coefficient diminishes with increasing dephasing rate, while the opposite holds for impurity energy outside the band. The efficiency of current transfer in the coupled wire system decreases with increasing dephasing. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
219096 | In situ and operando nanocatalysis: size, shape and chemical state effects | Tailoring the chemical reactivity of nanomaterials at the atomic level is one of the most important challenges in catalysis research. In order to achieve this elusive goal, fundamental understanding of the structural and chemical properties of these complex systems must be obtained. Numerous studies have been devoted to understanding the properties that affect the catalytic performance of metal nanoparticles (NPs) such as their size, interaction with the support, and chemical state. The role played by the NP shape on catalytic performance is, however, less understood. Complicating the analysis is the fact that the former parameters cannot be considered independently, since the NP size as well as the support will have an impact on the most stable NP shapes. In addition, the dynamic nature of the NP catalysts and their response to the environment must be taken into consideration, since the working state of a NP catalyst might not be the state in which the catalyst was prepared, but rather a structural and/or chemical isomer that adapted to the particular reaction conditions. To address the complexity of real-world catalysts, a synergistic approach taking advantage of a variety of cutting-edge experimental methods must be undertaken.
This project focuses on model heterogeneous catalysts for reactions of tremendous societal and industrial relevance, namely the gas-phase hydrogenation and electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Important components that are missing from existing studies, and that we propose to contribute, are a systematic design of catalytically active model NPs with narrow size and shape distributions and tunable oxidation state, and in situ and operando structural, chemical, and reactivity characterization of such model catalysts as a function of the reaction environment. The results are expected to open up new routes for the reutilization of CO2 through its direct conversion into valuable chemicals and fuels such as methanol, methane and ethylene. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2066926864 | Managing MNC-Government Negotiations in Saudi Arabia: The Key Role of Elites | This article explores the relationships between multinational corporations (MNCs) and a host country, in this case Saudi Arabia (the Kingdom). The interests of Saudi businesses and the political elite, along with the evolution of their relationship are surveyed. Furthermore, the validity of traditional and two-tier models of bargaining between MNCs and developing countries are assessed in the context of the Kingdom. It is argued that while both models may be useful, the two fail to capture the nature of MNCs-Saudi Arabia bargaining process. These two models are revised and enriched to adequately reflect the Kingdom's specific advantage, the nature of its national firms, and the unique relations it has with MNCs and their home countries. The study concludes that under current global political and economic conditions, the elite and MNCs interests appear to converge around business objectives. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1007/s00018-013-1401-6 | The nucleotide-binding proteins Nubp1 and Nubp2 are negative regulators of ciliogenesis | Nucleotide-binding proteins Nubp1 and Nubp2 are MRP/MinD-type P-loop NTPases with sequence similarity to bacterial division site-determining proteins and are conserved, essential proteins throughout the Eukaryotes. They have been implicated, together with their interacting minus-end directed motor protein KIFC5A, in the regulation of centriole duplication in mammalian cells. Here we show that Nubp1 and Nubp2 are integral components of centrioles throughout the cell cycle, recruited independently of KIFC5A. We further demonstrate their localization at the basal body of the primary cilium in quiescent vertebrate cells or invertebrate sensory cilia, as well as in the motile cilia of mouse cells and in the flagella of Chlamydomonas. RNAi-mediated silencing of nubp-1 in C. elegans causes the formation of morphologically aberrant and additional cilia in sensory neurons. Correspondingly, downregulation of Nubp1 or Nubp2 in mouse quiescent NIH 3T3 cells markedly increases the number of ciliated cells, while knockdown of KIFC5A dramatically reduces ciliogenesis. Simultaneous double silencing of Nubp1 + KIFC5A restores the percentage of ciliated cells to control levels. We document the normal ciliary recruitment, during these silencing regimes, of basal body proteins critical for ciliogenesis, namely CP110, CEP290, cenexin, Chibby, AurA, Rab8, and BBS7. Interestingly, we uncover novel interactions of Nubp1 with several members of the CCT/TRiC molecular chaperone complex, which we find enriched at the basal body and recruited independently of the Nubps or KIFC5A. Our combined results for Nubp1, Nubp2, and KIFC5A and their striking effects on cilium formation suggest a central regulatory role for these proteins, likely involving CCT/TRiC chaperone activity, in ciliogenesis. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
220573 | Resource sensitive quantum computing | Quantum Computing has been a subject of huge interest in recent years, from researchers and the general public alike, due to its intriguing potential for applications which will forever be beyond the reach of classical computing. Despite recent progress in both experimental and theoretical techniques, difficulties in communicating the needs and results of these respective camps has resulted in a lack of major implementable applications for near-term technologies. This action aims to change the field multilaterally, from developing novel tools to deal with critical practical issues hindering implementation through to a first resource sensitive theoretical approach to finding applications with technological practicalities at its core. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
175106 | A truly-rapid, one-minute test system for the dairy industry to assess raw milk quality, detect sub-clinical mastitis and monitor udder health, reducing antibiotic usage and environmental impact | Mastitis is an infection of the udder in dairy cattle. It is a major problem in the dairy industry, costing European farmers tens of millions of Euros annually. Milk somatic cell count (SCC) is used as a main indicator of mastitis, as the number of somatic cells in milk increases in response to infection in the udder. Krysium Technologies has developed and patented LacDetect® – an innovative, portable, economic test system allowing reliable and truly rapid detection of sub-clinical mastitis on-farm based on enumeration of SCCs via ATP-luminescence technology. This allows farm workers and veterinarians to make quick decisions on herd management and avoid significant costs associated with clinical mastitis. Furthermore, as SCC is also used as a measurement of milk quality, dairy producers base their milk pricing policy significantly on SCC values in raw milk. LacDetect® will enable recording of SCCs on-site for payment purposes. LacDetect® is at Technology Readiness Level 6. Initial testing has repeatedly shown results from our prototype test system compare very favourably with those from a major milk laboratory. In this Phase I project we intend to review the specification of LacDetect®, to ensure that production costs are reduced and that the end-product specification meets user requirements. We will re-contact and add commercial partners for field testing and commercializing plus explore other routes to market. On completion of Phase I we intend to progress to a Phase II project during which we will carry out final product development, scale-up manufacture, validation and final customer trials prior to commercial launch of LacDetect® initially in key EU markets. Completion of the overall project will deliver a one-minute, on-farm raw milk test system enabling EU farmers to detect problems in dairy cows early, enabling better antibiotic treatment decisions, improved production, reduction in costs, higher margins, better animal welfare and less environmental impact. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1017/9781316416785.002 | International trade law and technical standardization | Increased international standardization by the private sector results from an ever-increasing demand of consumers for better and safer products, technological advances, the expansion of global trade and the ever-increasing focus on social and sustainability issues. International standards affect our everyday life in multiple ways. Standards bring about and solidify technological evolution, innovation and diffusion of knowledge. In that respect, they have an important impact on consumer wellbeing. They play a decisive role as to whether the business and market environment will be conducive to increased innovation and trade. They form an important condition for doing business and affect access to markets, determining the profitability, growth and ultimately the survival of entrepreneurs and economic operators alike. Hence, standards have a crucial trade facilitation function. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
757497 | from SPArsity to DEep learning | Lately, deep learning (DL) has become one of the most powerful machine learning tools with ground-breaking results in computer vision, signal & image processing, language processing, and many other domains. However, one of its main deficiencies is the lack of theoretical foundation. While some theory has been developed, it is widely agreed that DL is not well-understood yet.
A proper understanding of the learning mechanism and architecture is very likely to broaden the great success to new fields and applications. In particular, it has the promise of improving DL performance in the unsupervised regime and on regression tasks, where it is currently lagging behind its otherwise spectacular success demonstrated in massively-supervised classification problems.
A somewhat related and popular data model is based on sparse-representations. It led to cutting-edge methods in various fields such as medical imaging, computer vision and signal & image processing. Its success can be largely attributed to its well-established theoretical foundation, which boosted the development of its various ramifications. Recent work suggests a close relationship between this model and DL, although this bridge is not fully clear nor developed.
This project revolves around the use of sparsity with DL. It aims at bridging the fundamental gap in the theory of DL using tools applied in sparsity, highlighting the role of structure in data as the foundation for elucidating the success of DL. It also aims at using efficient DL methods to improve the solution of problems using sparse models. Moreover, this project pursues a unified theoretical framework merging sparsity with DL, in particular migrating powerful unsupervised learning concepts from the realm of sparsity to that of DL. A successful marriage between the two fields has a great potential impact of giving rise to a new generation of learning methods and architectures and bringing DL to unprecedented new summits in novel domains and tasks. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1109/TWC.2017.2732402 | Dual Regularized Feedback And Precoding For D2D Assisted Mimo Systems | This paper considers the problem of efficient feedback design for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink transmissions in frequency division duplexing (FDD) bands, where some partial channel state information (CSI) can be directly exchanged between users via device-to-device (D2D) communications. Drawing inspiration from classical point-to-point MIMO, where efficient mechanisms are obtained by feeding back directly the precoder, this paper proposes a new approach to bridge the channel feedback and the precoder feedback by the joint design of the feedback and precoding strategy following a team decision framework. Specifically, the users and the base station (BS) minimize a common mean squared error (MSE) metric based on their individual observations on the imperfect global CSI. The solutions are found to take similar forms as the regularized zero-forcing (RZF) precoder, with additional regularizations that capture any level of uncertainty in the exchanged CSI, in case the D2D links are absent or unreliable. Numerical results demonstrate superior performance of the proposed scheme for an arbitrary D2D link quality setup. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1145/3106234 | Separations In Query Complexity Based On Pointer Functions | In 1986, Saks and Wigderson conjectured that the largest separation between deterministic and zero-error randomized query complexity for a total Boolean function is given by the function f on n = 2k bits defined by a complete binary tree of NAND gates of depth k, which achieves R0(f) = O(D(f)0. 7537…). We show that this is false by giving an example of a total Boolean function f on n bits whose deterministic query complexity is Ω(n) while its zero-error randomized query complexity is O(√ n). We further show that the quantum query complexity of the same function is O(n1/4), giving the first example of a total function with a super-quadratic gap between its quantum and deterministic query complexities. We also construct a total Boolean function g on n variables that has zero-error randomized query complexity Ω(n/ log (n)) and bounded-error randomized query complexity R(g) = O(√n). This is the first super-linear separation between these two complexity measures. The exact quantum query complexity of the same function is QE(g) = O(√n). These functions show that the relations D(f) = O(R1(f)2) and R0(f) = O(R(f)2) are optimal, up to polylogarithmic factors. Further variations of these functions give additional separations between other query complexity measures: a cubic separation between Q and R0, a 3/2-power separation between QE and R, and a 4th-power separation between approximate degree and bounded-error randomized query complexity. All of these examples are variants of a function recently introduced by Goos, Pitassi, and Watson, which they used to separate the unambiguous 1-certificate complexity from deterministic query complexity and to resolve the famous Clique versus Independent Set problem in communication complexity. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/c7lc00509a | Microfluidic systems for high-throughput and high-content screening using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans | A review of the latest research on microfluidic devices forC. elegansanalysis reveals a clear potential for their fruitful application in high-throughput and high-content screening contexts. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/cid/ciw861 | 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America’s Clinical Practice Guidelines for Healthcare-Associated Ventriculitis and Meningitis* | Abstract
The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Standards and Practice Guidelines Committee collaborated with partner organizations to convene a panel of 10 experts on healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis. The panel represented pediatric and adult specialists in the field of infectious diseases and represented other organizations whose members care for patients with healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis (American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, and Neurocritical Care Society). The panel reviewed articles based on literature reviews, review articles and book chapters, evaluated the evidence and drafted recommendations. Questions were reviewed and approved by panel members. Subcategories were included for some questions based on specific populations of patients who may develop healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis after the following procedures or situations: cerebrospinal fluid shunts, cerebrospinal fluid drains, implantation of intrathecal infusion pumps, implantation of deep brain stimulation hardware, and general neurosurgery and head trauma. Recommendations were followed by the strength of the recommendation and the quality of the evidence supporting the recommendation. Many recommendations, however, were based on expert opinion because rigorous clinical data are not available. These guidelines represent a practical and useful approach to assist practicing clinicians in the management of these challenging infections. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
679103 | Observation and Modelling of Radiocarbon in Atmospheric Methane for Methane Source Identification | Observation and Modelling of Radiocarbon in Atmospheric Methane for Methane Source Identification
Greenhouse gas emissions are the primary cause of global climate change, and methane (CH4) is the second most important contributor after carbon dioxide (CO2). Major sources of methane are both natural (wetlands) and anthropogenic (agriculture, landfills and fossil fuels). Current efforts to assess the anthropogenic CH4 influence on climate change and the effectiveness of mitigation policies for CH4 are limited by large uncertainties in estimates of total methane emissions and their attribution to various sources by accounting-based techniques. This project will pioneer and apply innovative techniques for atmospheric observation and modelling of radiocarbon in CH4 that will enable unique quantification of fossil fuel vs. biogenic CH4 sources at regional and global scales, thereby improving the estimation and attribution of CH4 emissions of different types. The proposed work will significantly advance the frontier of current research on atmospheric methane and the characterization of anthropogenic sources on policy-relevant scales, and it has the potential to influence climate policy and industrial practices over the next 10-20 years. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP11(2015)009 | Charm Production In The Forward Region Constraints On The Small X Gluon And Backgrounds For Neutrino Astronomy | The recent observation by the IceCube experiment of cosmic neutrinos at energies up to a few PeV heralds the beginning of neutrino astronomy. At such high energies, the conventional neutrino flux is suppressed and the prompt component from charm meson decays is expected to become the dominant background to astrophysical neutrinos. Charm production at high energies is however theoretically uncertain, both since the charm mass is at the boundary of applicability of perturbative QCD, and also because the calculations are sensitive to the poorly-known gluon PDF at small-x. In this work we provide detailed perturbative QCD predictions for charm and bottom production in the forward region, and validate them by comparing with recent data from the LHCb experiment at 7 TeV. Finding good agreement between data and theory, we use the LHCb measurements to constrain the small-x gluon PDF, achieving a substantial reduction in its uncertainties. Using these improved PDFs, we provide predictions for charm and bottom production at LHCb at 13 TeV, as well as for the ratio of cross-sections between 13 and 7 TeV. The same calculations are used to compute the energy distribution of neutrinos from charm decays in pA collisions, a key ingredient towards achieving a theoretically robust estimate of charm-induced backgrounds at neutrino telescopes. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
interreg_407 | BEtter management and implementation of NATURa 2000 sites | One of the current most important and demanding challenges is to face the loss of biodiversity, encompassing the diversity of both habitat and species types. A strong EU legal basis for the nature conservation provides the foundation for the preservation of the EU natural heritage. We refer in particular to Habitats and Birds Directives, whose design of Natura 2000 network is based on. The SEE Countries are at different stages of the application of 92/43/EEC Dir. for the implementation of Nature 2000, as well as of management of natural sites. BE-NATUR aims therefore at favouring the better management and implementation of Nature 2000 sites in the SEE eco-regions, focussing in particular on wetlands (rivers, lakes, coastal shores). The exchange of knowledge and best practices within the consortium will be the basis for the definition of a Transnational Joint Strategy for the better management and improvement of Natura 2000 network, and the definition of Joint Transnational Action Plans for the conservation of species and habitats common to the PP areas, to concretely implement the EU legislative framework. The project and therefore the activities planned are based on: - learning process as the constant and proper management of protected areas is a very big challenge for all EU Member states and still more for candidates - policies integration and concrete application to face the increasing demand of land to the detriment of environment, and mitigate the related conflicts - uniformity of strategies and lobbying for the reduction of gaps in the field of environment management and protection - transnational communication and awareness raising to raise people's consciousness on environment as "cultural" requirement to improve and support the conservation activities and policies in the future | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W2026420194 | Relationship between environmental factor and maximum daily stem shrinkage in apple tree in arid region of northwest China | After measuring maximum daily stem shrinkage (MDS) of irrigated apple tree using dendrometer during the year 2007–2010 in arid region of northwest China, we analyzed the respective relationships between MDS and single plant physiological index and environmental factors to investigate whether MDS can indicate the water status of apple tree and to establish empirical multiple regression equation among MDS and environmental factors. Results show that MDS increased at the beginning and then decreased gradually during whole growing stage. The close relationships between MDS and stem water potential, predawn water potential, stomatal conductance were found, showing that MDS can indicate the water status of mature apple tree. The relationships between MDS and single meteorological variable were significant at the other growth stages except at the bud development and flowering stage, because the canopy structure was not developed, and the order of determination coefficient (r2) over the whole growing stage was maximum vapour pressure deficit > maximum air temperature > net radiation. There were also significant correlations between MDS and soil volumetric water content and reference crop evapotranspiration over the whole growing stage. However, the determination coefficient among MDS and meteorological variables and soil volumetric water content at 0–120 cm depth was higher than those between MDS and single variable. Thus the multiple regression equation among MDS and meteorological variables and soil volumetric water content at 0–120 cm depth can be used to estimate MDS under fully irrigated apple orchard. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201423934 | Spectral And Temporal Properties Of Rx J0520 5 6932 Lxp 8 04 During A Type I Outburst | We observed RX J0520. 5-6932 in the X-rays and studied the optical light curve of its counterpart to verify it as a Be/X-ray binary. We performed an XMM-Newton anticipated target of opportunity observation in January 2013 during an X-ray outburst of the source in order to search for pulsations and derive its spectral properties. We monitored the source with Swift to follow the evolution of the outburst and to look for further outbursts to verify the regular pattern seen in the optical light curve with a period of ~24. 4 d. The XMM-Newton EPIC light curves show coherent X-ray pulsations with a period of 8. 035331(15) s (1 sigma). The X-ray spectrum can be modelled by an absorbed power law with photon index of ~0. 8, an additional black-body component with temperature of ~0. 25 keV and an Fe K line. Phase-resolved X-ray spectroscopy reveals that the spectrum varies with pulse phase. We confirm the identification of the optical counterpart within the error circle of XMM-Newton at an angular distance of ~0. 8 arcsec, which is an O9Ve star with known Halpha emission. By analyzing the combined data from three OGLE phases we derived an optical period of 24. 43 d. The X-ray pulsations and long-term variability, as well as the properties of the optical counterpart, confirm that RX J0520. 5-6932 is a Be/X-ray binary pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Based on the X-ray monitoring of the source we conclude that the event in January 2013 was a moderately bright type-I X-ray outburst, with a peak luminosity of 1. 79e36 erg/s. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pgen.1006847 | Flipping chromosomes in deep-sea archaea | One of the major mechanisms driving the evolution of all organisms is genomic rearrangement. In hyperthermophilic Archaea of the order Thermococcales, large chromosomal inversions occur so frequently that even closely related genomes are difficult to align. Clearly not resulting from the native homologous recombination machinery, the causative agent of these inversions has remained elusive. We present a model in which genomic inversions are catalyzed by the integrase enzyme encoded by a family of mobile genetic elements. We characterized the integrase from Thermococcus nautili plasmid pTN3 and showed that besides canonical site-specific reactions, it catalyzes low sequence specificity recombination reactions with the same outcome as homologous recombination events on DNA segments as short as 104bp both in vitro and in vivo, in contrast to other known tyrosine recombinases. Through serial culturing, we showed that the integrase-mediated divergence of T. nautili strains occurs at an astonishing rate, with at least four large-scale genomic inversions appearing within 60 generations. Our results and the ubiquitous distribution of pTN3-like integrated elements suggest that a major mechanism of evolution of an entire order of Archaea results from the activity of a selfish mobile genetic element. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
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