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US 9003838 W | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MOBILIZING AN ELECTROSURGICAL GENERATOR AND INERT GAS SYSTEM | Un chariot (10) est prévu pour transporter de manière avantageuse un générateur électrochirurgical (14) et pour fournir de l'électricité à partir du générateur (14) et un gaz inerte à partir des réservoirs de gaz (66-68) à un crayon électrochirurgical (40). Le chariot (10) comprend une plate-forme (12) construite et agencée pour recevoir le générateur électrochirurgical (14). Une structure de support sur roues (16) permet le stockage et le transport des composants nécessaires au fonctionnement du générateur (14) et du crayon (40). Le chariot (10) contient un espace qui reçoit les réservoirs de gaz (66-68) et les connexions pour transférer le gaz des réservoirs (66-68) au crayon (40) avec un débit désiré. Le chariot (10) présente également des connexions électriques pour l'électricité du générateur (14) et du crayon (40), simultanément avec le gaz inerte. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s10623-011-9555-4 | The de Bruijn-Erdo″s theorem for hypergraphs | Fix integers n ≤ r ≤ 2. A clique partition of ( r[n] ) is a collection of proper subsets A 1, A 2,. . . , A t ⊂ [n] such that ∪ i ( rAi) is a partition of ( r[n]). Let cp(n, r) denote the minimum size of a clique partition of ( r[n]). A classical theorem of de Bruijn and Erdo″s states that cp(n, 2) = n. In this paper we study cp(n, r), and show in general that for each fixed r ≤ 3, cp(n, r) ≤ (1 + o(1))n r/2 as n → ∞. We conjecture cp(n, r) = (1 + o(1))n r/2. This conjecture has already been verified (in a very strong sense) for r = 3 by Hartman-Mullin-Stinson. We give further evidence of this conjecture by constructing, for each r ≤ 4, a family of (1+o(1))n r/2 subsets of [n] with the following property: no two r -sets of [n] are covered more than once and all but o(n r) of the r -sets of [n] are covered. We also give an absolute lower bound cp(n, r) ≤ (nr)/( rq+r-1) when n = q 2 + q + r - 1, and for each r characterize the finitely many configurations achieving equality with the lower bound. Finally we note the connection of cp(n, r) to extremal graph theory, and determine some new asymptotically sharp bounds for the Zarankiewicz problem. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1007/s00330-014-3445-x | A 16-channel MR coil for simultaneous PET/MR imaging in breast cancer | Objectives: To implement and evaluate a dedicated receiver array coil for simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging in breast cancer. Methods: A 16-channel receiver coil design was optimized for simultaneous PET/MR imaging. To assess MR performance, the signal-to-noise ratio, parallel imaging capability and image quality was evaluated in phantoms, volunteers and patients and compared to clinical standard protocols. For PET evaluation, quantitative 18 F-FDG PET images of phantoms and seven patients (14 lesions) were compared to images without the coil. In PET image reconstruction, a CT-based template of the coil was combined with the MR-acquired attenuation correction (AC) map of the phantom/patient. Results: MR image quality was comparable to clinical MR-only examinations. PET evaluation in phantoms showed regionally varying underestimation of the standardised uptake value (SUV; mean 22 %) due to attenuation caused by the coil. This was improved by implementing the CT-based coil template in the AC (<2 % SUV underestimation). Patient data indicated that including the coil in the AC increased the SUV values in the lesions (21 ± 9 %). Conclusions: Using a dedicated PET/MR breast coil, state-of-the-art MRI was possible. In PET, accurate quantification and image homogeneity could be achieved if a CT-template of this coil was included in the AC for PET image reconstruction. Key Points: • State-of-the-art breast MRI using a dedicated PET/MR breast coil is feasible. • A multi-channel design facilitates shorter MR acquisition times via parallel imaging. • An MR coil inside a simultaneous PET/MR system causes PET photon attenuation. • Including a coil CT-template in PET image reconstruction results in recovering accurate quantification. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.5032291 | Bright Single Photon Sources In Lateral Silicon Carbide Light Emitting Diodes | Single-photon emitting devices have been identified as an important building block for applications in quantum information and quantum communication. They allow us to transduce and collect quantum information over a long distance via photons as so-called flying qubits. In addition, substrates like silicon carbide provide an excellent material platform for electronic devices. In this work, we combine these two features and show that one can drive single photon emitters within a silicon carbide p-i-n-diode. To achieve this, we specifically designed a lateral oriented diode. We find a variety of new color centers emitting non-classical lights in the visible and near-infrared range. One type of emitter can be electrically excited, demonstrating that silicon carbide can act as an ideal platform for electrically controllable single photon sources. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W1979402179 | An apple B-box protein, MdCOL11, is involved in UV-B- and temperature-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis | Our studies showed that an apple B-box protein, MdCOL11, the homolog of AtBBX22, is involved in UV-B- and temperature-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple peel. Anthocyanin is responsible for the red pigmentation in apple peel and a R2R3 MYB gene, MdMYBA/1/10, a homolog of MdMYBA, controls its accumulation. Arabidopsis PAP1 is under the control of a series of upstream factors involved in light signal transduction and photomorphogenesis, such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and B-box family (BBX) proteins. In this study, we identified and characterized the homolog of Arabidopsis BBX22 in apple, designated as MdCOL11. Overexpression of MdCOL11 in Arabidopsis enhanced the accumulation of anthocyanin. In apples, MdCOL11 was differentially expressed in all tissues, with the highest expression in petals and the lowest expression in the xylem. Transcripts of MdCOL11 noticeably accumulated at the ripening stage, concomitant with increases in the expressions of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. In an in vitro treatment experiment, MdCOL11 was upregulated in an ultra-violet (UV)-B- and temperature-dependent manner, together with the inductions of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes and anthocyanin accumulation in apple peel. Furthermore, a dual-luciferase assay indicated that (1) MdCOL11 regulated the expression of MdMYBA and (2) MdCOL11 was a target of MdHY5. Taken together, our results suggest that MdCOL11 is involved in MdHY5-mediated signal transduction and regulates anthocyanin accumulation in apple peel, which sheds new light on anthocyanin accumulation in apples. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.2178/jsl.7804020 | Decidability of Definability | AbstractFor a fixed countably infinite structure Γ with finite relational signature τ, we study the following computational problem: input are quantifier-free τ-formulas ϕ0, ϕ1, …, ϕn that define relations R0, R1, …, Rn over Γ. The question is whether the relation R0 is primitive positive definable from R1, …, Rn, i. e. , definable by a first-order formula that uses only relation symbols for R1, …, Rn, equality, conjunctions, and existential quantification (disjunction, negation, and universal quantification are forbidden). We show decidability of this problem for all structures Γ that have a first-order definition in an ordered homogeneous structure Δ with a finite relational signature whose age is a Ramsey class and determined by finitely many forbidden substructures. Examples of structures Γ with this property are the order of the rationals, the random graph, the homogeneous universal poset, the random tournament, all homogeneous universal C-relations, and many more. We also obtain decidability of the problem when we replace primitive positive definability by existential positive, or existential definability. Our proof makes use of universal algebraic and model theoretic concepts, Ramsey theory, and a recent characterization of Ramsey classes in topological dynamics. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
184694 | Speciation, sources, and fate of atmospheric organic phosphorus over the mediterranean sea: a missing piece of the p cycle? | Phosphorus is a critical nutrient affecting primary productivity in large areas in oceanic ecosystems. The principal source of externally supplied nutrients in many marine ecosystems is the atmospheric deposition. As the ocean is an important sink of atmospheric CO2, phosphorus through productivity limitation can indirectly affect global warming by removing more CO2 from the atmosphere. The importance of organic P as a potential pool of bioavailable P in the atmosphere is not widely recognized. It is important to note that the only available data in the literature are the atmospheric measurements of phosphate and total phosphorus, while there are almost no data about the organic P, especially over Mediterranean Sea (MS). The main goal of PHOSPHOTRAC is to shed light on the atmospheric organic P chemical identification and to test the hypothesis that the increased acidification of the atmosphere may significantly impact the bioavailability of organic P. PHOSPHOTRAC proposes new methodologies and modern instrumentation for the identification of organic P compounds in the atmosphere. Most of them are implemented for the first time in atmospheric samples, and they will provide new insights into a nutrient cycle of P in MS. Organic P-rich compounds of interest are DNA, RNA, ATP, phytic acid, phospholipids, degradation products of chemical weapons, organophosphate ester flame retardants and organophosphorous pesticides. Further identification of atmospheric organic P sources in the region will be performed by using the chemical analysis data of specific tracers (ergosterol, anhydrosugars, trace metals), with statistical analysis, and implementation of atmospheric transport model TM4-ECPL coupled with the thermodynamic model ISORROPIA-II. The proposed project is highly interdisciplinary as it combines analytical chemistry, biology, and atmospheric modeling in order to address a question of extreme ecological importance related to climate change in the MS. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.2478/raon-2014-0045 | Mild hyperthermia influence on Herceptin® properties | Background. Mild hyperthermia (mHT) increases the tumor perfusion and vascular permeability, and reduces the interstitial fluid pressure, resulting in better intra-tumoral bioavailability of low molecular weight drugs. This approach is potentially also attractive for delivery of therapeutic macromolecules, such as antibodies. Here, we investigated the effects of mHT on the stability, immunological and pharmacological properties of Herceptin®, a clinically approved antibody, targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) overexpressed in breast cancer. Results. Herceptin® was heated to 37°C (control) and 42°C (mHT) for 1 hour. Formation of Herceptin® aggregates was measured using Nile Red assay. mHT did not result in additional Herceptin® aggregates compared to 37°C, showing the Herceptin® stability is unchanged. Immunological and pharmacological properties of Herceptin® were evaluated following mHT using HER-2 positive breast cancer cells (BT-474). Exposure of Herceptin® to mHT preserved recognition and binding affinity of Herceptin® to HER-2. Western-blot and cell proliferation assays on BT-474 cells showed that mHT left the inhibitory activities of Herceptin® unchanged. Conclusions. The stability, and the immunological and pharmacological properties of Herceptin® are not negatively affected by mHT. Further in-vivo studies are required to evaluate the influence of mHT on intra-tumoral bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of Herceptin®. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.3389/fgene.2013.00019 | Genome maintenance and transcription integrity in aging and disease | DNA damage contributes to cancer development and aging. Congenital syndromes that affect DNA repair processes are characterized by cancer susceptibility, developmental defects, and accelerated aging (Schumacher etal. , 2008). DNA damage interferes with DNA metabolism by blocking replication and transcription. DNA polymerase blockage leads to replication arrest and can gives rise to genome instability. Transcription, on the other hand, is an essential process for utilizing the information encoded in the genome. DNA damage that interferes with transcription can lead to apoptosis and cellular senescence. Both processes are powerful tumor suppressors (Bartek and Lukas, 2007). Cellular response mechanisms to stalled RNA polymerase II complexes have only recently started to be uncovered. Transcription-coupled DNA damage responses might thus play important roles for the adjustments to DNA damage accumulation in the aging organism (Garinis etal. , 2009). Here we review human disorders that are caused by defects in genome stability to explore the role of DNA damage in aging and disease. We discuss how the nucleotide excision repair system functions at the interface of transcription and repair and conclude with concepts how therapeutic targeting of transcription might be utilized in the treatment of cancer. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W4308435283 | COMUNICAÇÃO VIRTUAL E ENSINO: DIÁLOGOS E EXPERIÊNCIAS DOCENTES NO CONTEXTO EDUCACIONAL REMOTO | Este artigo apresenta as experiências de professores no Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE), em meio ao cenário pandêmico, por causa da Covid-19. O objetivo do estudo é analisar as vivências dos docentes nos anos de 2020 e 2021 na comunicação virtual com finalidade pedagógica no contexto educacional remoto na rede municipal de ensino no Fundamental I em Macapá/AP e Palmas/TO. A metodologia pauta-se no esboço teórico em torno dos conceitos comunicação/comunicação virtual, da pesquisa bibliográfica sobre ensino remoto emergencial, e das fontes escritas e orais – normativas e entrevista com os docentes. Os resultados apontam, ainda que novas tecnologias digitais emergentes na contemporaneidade, em tempos que deflagram uma sociedade em rede, os docentes se viram tendo que adaptar pedagogicamente à comunicação virtual, que já tinham as funções de mediação, sociabilidade e interação à distância, contudo, pouca funcionalidade na rede básica de ensino até a implementação do ERE. As vivências mostram a importância da comunicação virtual, como meio interativo e participativo nesse momento, contudo a ausência de recursos como as tecnologias digitais, tornaram o processo de ensino-aprendizagem difícil, mas não um obstáculo à suspensão das aulas. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/nsmb.3087 | Impact of holdase chaperones Skp and SurA on the folding of β-barrel outer-membrane proteins | Chaperones increase the folding yields of soluble proteins by suppressing misfolding and aggregation, but how they modulate the folding of integral membrane proteins is not well understood. Here we use single-molecule force spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy to observe the periplasmic holdase chaperones SurA and Skp shaping the folding trajectory of the large β-barrel outer-membrane receptor FhuA from Escherichia coli. Either chaperone prevents FhuA from misfolding by stabilizing a dynamic, unfolded state, thus allowing the substrate to search for structural intermediates. During this search, the SurA-chaperoned FhuA polypeptide inserts β-hairpins into the membrane in a stepwise manner until the β-barrel is folded. The membrane acts as a free-energy sink for β-hairpin insertion and physically separates transient folds from chaperones. This stabilization of dynamic unfolded states and the trapping of folding intermediates funnel the FhuA polypeptide toward the native conformation. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1007/s00038-018-1129-z | Linking criminal contexts to injury outcomes: findings and lessons from a national study of robbery in South Africa | Objectives: South Africa has high rates of violence. The country has benefitted enormously from the use of injury surveillance data from the health sector, but there is a need to explore other avenues of routine data to advance violence prevention. We demonstrate the value of using routinely collected police data for enhancing our understanding of robbery as an important situational context for violence in South Africa. Methods: We analysed 1,841,253 cases reported to the police between 2003 and 2014 to describe the distribution and predictors of robbery violence in South Africa. Results: Robbery is prevalent in South Africa, but the use of violence beyond the threat of force is rare. After adjusting for confounding factors, the probability of co-occurring violence increases when robbery occurs at night, on weekends, involves cash and where the victims are black, young and female. Conclusions: Using routinely collected police data is valuable for investigating the situational dimensions of violence, thereby enhancing our understanding of contexts that shape violence and its injury outcomes. Such an approach can advance contextually sensitive violence prevention strategies. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
174976 | Modulation of cortical circuits and predictive neural coding by serotonin | Serotonin (5-HT) is a central neuromodulator and a major target of therapeutic psychoactive drugs, but relatively little is known about how it modulates information processing in neural circuits. The theory of predictive coding postulates that the brain combines raw bottom-up sensory information with top-down information from internal models to make perceptual inferences about the world. We hypothesize, based on preliminary data and prior literature, that a role of 5-HT in this process is to report prediction errors and promote the suppression and weakening of erroneous internal models. We propose that it does this by inhibiting top-down relative to bottom-up cortical information flow. To test this hypothesis, we propose a set of experiments in mice performing olfactory perceptual tasks. Our specific aims are: (1) We will test whether 5-HT neurons encode sensory prediction errors. (2) We will test their causal role in using predictive cues to guide perceptual decisions. (3) We will characterize how 5-HT influences the encoding of sensory information by neuronal populations in the olfactory cortex and identify the underlying circuitry. (4) Finally, we will map the effects of 5-HT across the whole brain and use this information to target further causal manipulations to specific 5-HT projections. We accomplish these aims using state-of-the-art optogenetic, electrophysiological and imaging techniques (including 9.4T small-animal functional magnetic resonance imaging) as well as psychophysical tasks amenable to quantitative analysis and computational theory. Together, these experiments will tackle multiple facets of an important general computational question, bringing to bear an array of cutting-edge technologies to address with unprecedented mechanistic detail how 5-HT impacts neural coding and perceptual decision-making. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.4171/CMH/357 | Long Time Behaviour Of Ricci Flow On Open 3 Manifolds | We study the long time behaviour of Ricci flow with bubbling-off on a possibly noncompact $3$-manifold of finite volume whose universal cover has bounded geometry. As an application, we give a Ricci flow proof of Thurston's hyperbolisation theorem for $3$-manifolds with toral boundary that generalizes Perelman's proof of the hyperbolisation conjecture in the closed case. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03692 | A Quantitative Theoretical Framework for Protein-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement-Förster-Type Resonance Energy Transfer (PIFE-FRET) | Single-molecule, protein-induced fluorescence enhancement (PIFE) serves as a molecular ruler at molecular distances inaccessible to other spectroscopic rulers such as Förster-type resonance energy transfer (FRET) or photoinduced electron transfer. In order to provide two simultaneous measurements of two distances on different molecular length scales for the analysis of macromolecular complexes, we and others recently combined measurements of PIFE and FRET (PIFE-FRET) on the single molecule level. PIFE relies on steric hindrance of the fluorophore Cy3, which is covalently attached to a biomolecule of interest, to rotate out of an excited-state trans isomer to the cis isomer through a 90° intermediate. In this work, we provide a theoretical framework that accounts for relevant photophysical and kinetic parameters of PIFE-FRET, show how this framework allows the extraction of the fold-decrease in isomerization mobility from experimental data, and show how these results provide information on changes in the accessible volume of Cy3. The utility of this model is then demonstrated for experimental results on PIFE-FRET measurement of different protein-DNA interactions. The proposed model and extracted parameters could serve as a benchmark to allow quantitative comparison of PIFE effects in different biological systems. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30124-2 | Neurofilament Light Protein In Blood As A Potential Biomarker Of Neurodegeneration In Huntington S Disease A Retrospective Cohort Analysis | Summary Background Blood biomarkers of neuronal damage could facilitate clinical management of and therapeutic development for Huntington's disease. We investigated whether neurofilament light protein NfL (also known as NF-L) in blood is a potential prognostic marker of neurodegeneration in patients with Huntington's disease. Methods We did a retrospective analysis of healthy controls and carriers of CAG expansion mutations in HTT participating in the 3-year international TRACK-HD study. We studied associations between NfL concentrations in plasma and clinical and MRI neuroimaging findings, namely cognitive function, motor function, and brain volume (global and regional). We used random effects models to analyse cross-sectional associations at each study visit and to assess changes from baseline, with and without adjustment for age and CAG repeat count. In an independent London-based cohort of 37 participants (23 HTT mutation carriers and 14 controls), we further assessed whether concentrations of NfL in plasma correlated with those in CSF. Findings Baseline and follow-up plasma samples were available from 97 controls and 201 individuals carrying HTT mutations. Mean concentrations of NfL in plasma at baseline were significantly higher in HTT mutation carriers than in controls (3·63 [SD 0·54] log pg/mL vs 2·68 [0·52] log pg/mL, p r =–0·374, p r =–0·248, p=0·0033), total functional capacity ( r =–0·289, p=0·0264), and brain atrophy (caudate r =0·178, p=0·0087; whole-brain r =0·602, p r =0·518, p r =0·588, p r =–0·589, p r =0·868, p Interpretation NfL in plasma shows promise as a potential prognostic blood biomarker of disease onset and progression in Huntington's disease. Funding Medical Research Council, GlaxoSmithKline, CHDI Foundation, Swedish Research Council, European Research Council, Wallenberg Foundation, and Wolfson Foundation. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W1444928859 | Determination of lipid composition of the two principal cherimoya cultivars grown in Andalusian Region | Abstract Cherimoya (Annona cherimola) is a tropical fruit, native to inter-Andean valleys from Peru and Ecuador. The main cherimoya growing in the Mediterranean basin is the coast of Granada–Malaga (Spain), the so-called Costa Tropical. Recently, the number of studies related to economic exploitation of seeds and other by-products proceeding from new oleaginous vegetable sources has increased. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterize the lipid fraction of the edible portion of the cherimoya and its by-products. Different fatty acids were identified in pulp, seed, and skin. The major fatty acids were palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic. On the other hand, α-tocopherol was identified in seeds and peel. Moreover, three different phospholipids were identified. Finally, β-sitosterol was the principle sterol in all samples and, to our knowledge, γ-sitosterol was identified only in pulp and peel of cherimoya for the first time. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1098/rspb.2010.2270 | Visual information gleaned by observing grasping movement in allocentric and egocentric perspectives | One of the major functions of vision is to allow for an efficient and active interaction with the environment. In this study, we investigate the capacity of human observers to extract visual information from observation of their own actions, and those of others, from different viewpoints. Subjects discriminated the size of objects by observing a point-light movie of a hand reaching for an invisible object. We recorded real reach-and-grasp actions in three-dimensional space towards objects of different shape and size, to produce two-dimensional 'point-light display' movies, which were used to measure size discrimination for reach-and-grasp motion sequences, release-and-withdraw sequences and still frames, all in egocentric and allocentric perspectives. Visual size discrimination from action was significantly better in egocentric than in allocentric view, but only for reach-and-grasp motion sequences: release-and-withdraw sequences or still frames derived no advantage from egocentric viewing. The results suggest that the system may have access to an internal model of action that contributes to calibrate visual sense of size for an accurate grasp. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
819819 | Advanced Signal Processing Technologies for Wireless Powered Communications | Wireless power transfer (WPT), pioneered by Tesla, is an idea at least as old as radio communications. However, on the one hand, due to health concerns and the large antenna dimensions required for transmission of high energy levels, until recently WPT has been limited mostly to very short distance applications. On the other hand, recent advances in silicon technology have significantly reduced the energy needs of electronic systems, making WPT over radio waves a potential source of energy for low power devices. Although WPT through radio waves has already found various short-range applications (such as the radio-frequency identification technology, healthcare monitoring etc.), its integration as a building block in the operation of wireless communications systems is still unexploited. On the other hand, conventional radio wave based information and energy transmissions have largely been designed separately. However, many applications can benefit from simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT).
The overall objective of the APOLLO project is to study the integration of WPT/SWIPT technology into future wireless communication systems. Compared to past and current research efforts in this area, our technical approach is deeply interdisciplinary and more comprehensive, combining the expertise of wireless communications, control theory, information theory, optimization, and electronics/microwave engineering.
The key outcomes of the project include: 1) a rigorous and complete mathematical theory for WPT/SWIPT via information/communication/control theoretic studies; 2) new physical and cross-layer mechanisms that will enable the integration of WPT/SWIPT into future communication systems; 3) new network architectures that will fully exploit potential benefits of WPT/SWIPT; and 4) development of a proof-of-concept by implementing highly-efficient and multi-band metamaterial energy harvesting sensors for SWIPT. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/nature17160 | Intrinsic honesty and the prevalence of rule violations across societies | Deception is common in nature and humans are no exception. Modern societies have created institutions to control cheating, but many situations remain where only intrinsic honesty keeps people from cheating and violating rules. Psychological, sociological and economic theories suggest causal pathways to explain how the prevalence of rule violations in people's social environment, such as corruption, tax evasion or political fraud, can compromise individual intrinsic honesty. Here we present cross-societal experiments from 23 countries around the world that demonstrate a robust link between the prevalence of rule violations and intrinsic honesty. We developed an index of the 'prevalence of rule violations'(PRV) based on country-level data from the year 2003 of corruption, tax evasion and fraudulent politics. We measured intrinsic honesty in an anonymous die-rolling experiment 5. We conducted the experiments with 2,568 young participants (students) who, due to their young age in 2003, could not have influenced PRV in 2003. We find individual intrinsic honesty is stronger in the subject pools of low PRV countries than those of high PRV countries. The details of lying patterns support psychological theories of honesty. The results are consistent with theories of the cultural co-evolution of institutions and values, and show that weak institutions and cultural legacies that generate rule violations not only have direct adverse economic consequences, but might also impair individual intrinsic honesty that is crucial for the smooth functioning of society. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/446/1/012010 | Interference Effects Between The Initial And Final State Radiation In A Qcd Medium | Coherence between multiple emitters is one of the most remarkable properties of QCD jet physics in vacuum. In the presence of a QCD medium one expects that the coherence pattern between multiple emitters is affected. In this work we calculate the gluon emission spectrum off an asymptotic quark traversing a dilute QCD medium. When interferences between initial and final quark are included, the medium induced gluon distribution gets modified. The coherent, incoherent and soft limit of the medium induced spectrum are studied. In the soft limit we find an elegant and intuitive probabilistic interpretation. We comment on possible phenomenological applications of this setup for studying coherence effects on observables studied in high energy nuclear collisions. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
EP 0005214 W | USE OF MIXTURES CONSISTING OF RESINS AND FATTY SUBSTANCES | Disclosed is the use of mixtures consisting of (a) resins and/or resin esters and (b) fatty substances selected from the group which is formed by fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty alcohols, fatty alcohol polyglycolethers and paraffins and (c) optionally fatty alcohol polyglycolether sulphates. Said mixtures are used as hydrophobing means for paper. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/3143361.3143362 | Sixpack Securing Internet Exchange Points Against Curious Onlookers | Internet eXchange Points (IXPs) play an ever-growing role in Internet inter-connection. To facilitate the exchange of routes amongst their members, IXPs provide Route Server (RS) services to dispatch the routes according to each member's peering policies. Nowadays, to make use of RSes, these policies must be disclosed to the IXP. This poses fundamental questions regarding the privacy guarantees of route-computation on confidential business information. Indeed, as evidenced by interaction with IXP administrators and a survey of network operators, this state of affairs raises privacy concerns among network administrators and even deters some networks from subscribing to RS services. We design Sixpack1, an RS service that leverages Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC) to keep peering policies confidential, while extending, the functionalities of today's RSes. As SMPC is notoriously heavy in terms of communication and computation, our design and implementation of Sixpack aims at moving computation outside of the SMPC without compromising the privacy guarantees. We assess the effectiveness and scalability of our system by evaluating a prototype implementation using traces of data from one of the largest IXPs in the world. Our evaluation results indicate that Sixpack can scale to support privacy-preserving route-computation, even at IXPs with many hundreds of member networks. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.stem.2017.09.004 | Distinct Cell-Cycle Control in Two Different States of Mouse Pluripotency | Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) cultured in serum are characterized by hyper-phosphorylated RB protein, lack of G1 control, and rapid progression through the cell cycle. Here, we show that ESCs grown in the presence of two small-molecule inhibitors (2i ESCs) have a longer G1-phase with hypo-phosphorylated RB, implying that they have a functional G1 checkpoint. Deletion of RB, P107, and P130 in 2i ESCs results in a G1-phase similar to that of serum ESCs. Inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway in serum ESCs results in the appearance of hypo-phosphorylated RB and the reinstatement of a G1 checkpoint. In addition, induction of a dormant state by the inhibition of MYC, resembling diapause, requires the presence of the RB family proteins. Collectively, our data show that RB-dependent G1 restriction point signaling is active in mouse ESCs grown in 2i but abrogated in serum by ERK-dependent phosphorylation. It is widely thought that embryonic stem cells have an unusual and very rapid cell cycle, lacking normal G1 regulation. Stunnenberg and colleagues show that, in mouse ESCs, G1 regulation is, in fact, intact but abrogated in serum by ERK signaling and RB phosphorylation | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1093/nar/gkv331 | The transcriptional PPARβ/δ network in human macrophages defines a unique agonist-induced activation state | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) is a lipid ligand-inducible transcription factor with established metabolic functions, whereas its anti-inflammatory function is poorly understood. To address this issue, we determined the global PPARβ/δ-regulated signaling network in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Besides cell type-independent, canonical target genes with metabolic and immune regulatory functions we identified a large number of inflammation-associated NFκB and STAT1 target genes that are repressed by agonists. Accordingly, PPARβ/δ agonists inhibited the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators and induced an anti-inflammatory, IL-4-like morphological phenotype. Surprisingly, bioinformatic analyses also identified immune stimulatory effects. Consistent with this prediction, PPARβ/δ agonists enhanced macrophage survival under hypoxic stress and stimulated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activation, concomitantly with the repression of immune suppressive target genes and their encoded products CD274 (PD-1 ligand), CD32B (inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), as well as a diminished release of the immune suppressive IDO-1 metabolite kynurenine. Comparison with published data revealed a significant overlap of the PPARβ/δ transcriptome with coexpression modules characteristic of both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings indicate that PPARβ/δ agonists induce a unique macrophage activation state with strong anti-inflammatory but also specific immune stimulatory components, pointing to a context-dependent function of PPARβ/δ in immune regulation. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201935007 | Rocky Super Earths Or Waterworlds The Interplay Of Planet Migration Pebble Accretion And Disc Evolution | Recent observations have found a valley in the size distribution of close-in super-Earths that is interpreted as a signpost that close-in super-Earths are mostly rocky in composition. However, new models predict that planetesimals should first form at the water ice line such that close-in planets are expected to have a significant water ice component. Here we investigate the water contents of super-Earths by studying the interplay between pebble accretion, planet migration and disc evolution. Planets' compositions are determined by their position relative to different condensation fronts (ice lines) throughout their growth. Migration plays a key role. Assuming that planetesimals start at or exterior to the water ice line ($r>r_{\rm H_2O}$), inward migration causes planets to leave the source region of icy pebbles and therefore to have lower final water contents than in discs with either outward migration or no migration. The water ice line itself moves inward as the disc evolves, and delivers water as it sweeps across planets that formed dry. The relative speed and direction of planet migration and inward drift of the water ice line is thus central in determining planets' water contents. If planet formation starts at the water ice line, this implies that hot close-in super-Earths (r<0. 3 AU) with water contents of a few percent are a signpost of inward planet migration during the early gas phase. Hot super-Earths with larger water ice contents on the other hand, experienced outward migration at the water ice line and only migrated inwards after their formation was complete either because they become too massive to be contained in the region of outward migration or in chains of resonant planets. Measuring the water ice content of hot super-Earths may thus constrain their migration history. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.02.003 | Inositol pyrophosphates and Akt/PKB: Is the pancreatic β-cell the exception to the rule? | The inositol pyrophosphate, diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (IP 7 ), is thought to negatively regulate the critical insulin signaling protein Akt/PKB. Knockdown of the IP 7 -generating inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 (IP6K1) results in a concomitant increase in signaling through Akt/PKB in most cell types so far examined. Total in vivo knockout of IP6K1 is associated with a phenotype resistant to high-fat diet, due to enhanced Akt/PKB signaling in classic insulin regulated tissues, counteracting insulin resistance. In contrast, we have shown an important positive role for IP6K1 in insulin exocytosis in the pancreatic β-cell. These cells also possess functional insulin receptors and the feedback loop following insulin secretion is a key aspect of their normal function. Thus we examined the effect of silencing IP6K1 on the activation of Akt/PKB in β-cells. Silencing reduced the glucose-stimulated increase in Akt/PKB phosphorylation on T308 and S473. These effects were reproduced with the selective pan-IP6K inhibitor TNP. The likely explanation for IP 7 reduction decreasing rather than increasing Akt/PKB phosphorylation is that IP 7 is responsible for generating the insulin signal, which is the main source of Akt/PKB activation. In agreement, insulin receptor activation was compromised in TNP treated cells. To test whether the mechanism of IP 7 inhibition of Akt/PKB still exists in β-cells, we treated them at basal glucose with an insulin concentration equivalent to that reached during glucose stimulation. TNP potentiated the Akt/PKB phosphorylation of T308 induced by exogenous insulin. Thus, the IP 7 regulation of β-cell Akt/PKB is determined by two opposing forces, direct inhibition of Akt/PKB versus indirect stimulation via secreted insulin. The latter mechanism is dominant, masking the inhibitory effect. Consequently, pharmacological strategies to knock down IP6K activity might not have the same positive output in the β-cell as in other insulin regulated tissues. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1111/jere.12239 | Fake Sales: A Dynamic Pricing Perspective | Some sellers display high “regular” prices, but mark down these prices the vast majority of the time, advertising the good as “on sale” or “discounted”. This note suggests a framework for understanding the practice, emphasising the role of buyer uncertainty about their future valuations for the good. We argue that so-called “regular” prices set buyers’ expectations regarding future prices, expectations that need not be tethered to the prices actually set. By manipulating upwards buyers’ expectations of future prices, the seller can increase demand for the good at the current “sale” price, increasing profits. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1186/s13567-017-0496-4 | Role in virulence of phospholipases, listeriolysin O and listeriolysin S from epidemic Listeria monocytogenes using the chicken embryo infection model | Most human listeriosis outbreaks are caused by Listeria monocytogenes evolutionary lineage I strains which possess four exotoxins: a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PlcA), a broad-range phospholipase C (PlcB), listeriolysin O (LLO) and listeriolysin S (LLS). The simultaneous contribution of these molecules to virulence has never been explored. Here, the importance of these four exotoxins of an epidemic lineage I L. monocytogenes strain (F2365) in virulence was assessed in chicken embryos infected in the allantoic cavity. We show that LLS does not play a role in virulence while LLO is required to infect and kill chicken embryos both in wild type transcriptional regulator of virulence PrfA (PrfAWT) and constitutively active PrfA (PrfA∗) backgrounds. We demonstrate that PlcA, a toxin previously considered as a minor virulence factor, played a major role in virulence in a PrfA∗background. Interestingly, GFP transcriptional fusions show that the plcA promoter is less active than the hly promoter in vitro, explaining why the contribution of PlcA to virulence could be observed more importantly in a PrfA∗background. Together, our results suggest that PlcA might play a more important role in the infectious lifecycle of L. monocytogenes than previously thought, explaining why all the strains of L. monocytogenes have conserved an intact copy of plcA in their genomes. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
2729692 | Envisioning the reward: neuronal circuits for goal-directed learning | Our ability to learn relies on the potential of neuronal circuits to change through experience. The overall theme of this project is to understand how sensory cortical circuits are modified by experience and learning. Recent results have shown that learning the association of a visual stimulus with a reward modifies neuronal responses in primary visual cortex (V1). However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these experience-dependent changes remain largely unknown. Computational and experimental studies suggest that feedback pathways are crucial for adapting sensory processing by task demands, together with local interneurons that gate feedback through dendritic inhibition. I will test the hypothesis that feedback projections from higher level areas selectively enhance task-relevant information in V1 and that this process depends on dorsomedial striatal (DMS) output.
Toward this aim, I am using chronic two-photon calcium imaging to monitor the activity of neuronal sub-populations in mouse V1, before, during and after two types of visual experience: a passive exposure to a visual stimulus and a rewarded visually-guided task. Published and preliminary results indicate that the representation of task-relevant features is enhanced and stabilised in V1 during learning while responses to non-relevant stimuli are suppressed.
This project is organized around 3 aims:
1. To characterize top-down inputs to V1 neurons during passive and rewarded visual experience.
2. To characterize local circuits and single-neuron computation of task-relevant features within V1
3. To characterize the output of V1 neurons to higher cortical areas and DMS, during goal-directed learning.
The expected results will show how behavioural training changes the neocortex to improve the encoding of behaviourally relevant visual objects. This project will uncover the circuits that are changed by and in turn dynamically gate relevant sensory information when an animal is learning a goal-directed task. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1093/ntr/ntt155 | The predictive value of smoking expectancy and the heritability of its accuracy | Introduction: Among smokers, former smokers, and never-smokers, this study aimed to (a) determine the predictive value of smoking expectancy on future smoking status, and (b) test the relative contribution of genes and environment to a person's ability to accurately predict future smoking status. For smokers, smoking expectancy reflects the intention to continue smoking; for former smokers, it reflects the intention to take up smoking again; and for never-smokers, it reflects the intention to initiate smoking. Methods: A longitudinal design was employed in which participants of the Netherlands Twin Register completed 2 consecutive surveys 2 years apart between 1993 and 2011 (3,591 adolescents aged 14-18 years), or between 1993 and 2004 (11,568 adults, aged 18+ years). Smoking expectancy was measured by asking, "Do you think you'll smoke in a year's time? ", with answer categories ranging from "certainly not" to "absolutely yes" on a 5-point scale. To determine the predictive value of smoking expectancy, analyses were performed in smokers, former smokers, and never-smokers separately. Data of 2,987 adolescents and 4,911 adult twins were analyzed to estimate heritability. A dichotomous variable reflected the ability to predict future smoking status (correct/incorrect). Results: Smoking expectancy significantly predicted future smoking status among former smokers and never-smokers. The ability to accurately predict future smoking status was explained by additive genetic factors for 59% of adolescents and 27% of adults, with the remainder being explained by unique environmental factors. Conclusions: A single question on smoking expectancy helps predict future smoking status. Variation in how well subjects predict their future smoking behavior is influenced by genetic factors, especially during adolescence. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1002/cpa.21875 | Geometry and Temperature Chaos in Mixed Spherical Spin Glasses at Low Temperature: The Perturbative Regime | We study the Gibbs measure of mixed spherical p-spin glass models at low temperature, in (part of) the 1-RSB regime, including, in particular, models close to pure in an appropriate sense. We show that the Gibbs measure concentrates on spherical bands around deep critical points of the (extended) Hamiltonian restricted to the sphere of radius (Formula presented. ), where (Formula presented. ) is the rightmost point in the support of the overlap distribution. We also show that the relevant critical points are pairwise orthogonal for two different low temperatures. This allows us to explain why temperature chaos occurs for those models, in contrast to the pure spherical models. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1128/genomeA.00526-17 | Draft genome sequences of two gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs isolated from rice ecosystems | The genomes of the aerobic methanotrophs “Methyloterricola oryzae” strain 73aT and Methylomagnum ishizawai strain 175 were sequenced. Both strains were isolated from rice plants. Methyloterricola oryzae strain 73aT represents the first isolate of rice paddy cluster I, and strain 175 is the second representative of the recently described genus Methylomagnum. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2508630121 | Construction of full-diversity 1-level LDPC lattices for block-fading channels | LDPC lattices were the first family of lattices which have an efficient decoding algorithm in high dimensions over an AWGN channel. When we consider Construction D' of lattices with one binary LDPC code as its underlying code, 1-level LDPC lattices are obtained. Block fading channel (BF) is a useful model for various wireless communication channels in both indoor and outdoor environments. In this type of channel, a lattice point is divided into multiple blocks such that fading is constant within a block but changes, independently, across blocks. The design of lattices for BF channels offers a challenging problem, which differs greatly from its counterparts like AWGN channels. In this paper we construct full diversity 1-level LDPC lattices for block fading channels. We propose a new iterative decoding method for these family of lattices which has complexity that grows linearly in the dimension of lattice. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
201936 | The Synapse Nanomap | Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy is one of the most important recent developments in light microscopy (Willig et al., 2006, Nature 440:935-9). STED allows for imaging cellular elements with diffraction-unlimited resolution; in practical terms, the resolution (normally limited to ~200-300 nm) is improved down to 30-60 nm. Together with the development of two-color STED microscopy (Donnert et al., 2007, Biophys J. 92:L67-9), this technique allows experimenters to pinpoint the position of various cellular elements with nanometer precision. Obtaining a cellular nanomap is not feasible with conventional light microscopy, due to its low resolution. Electron microscopy cannot be applied, as its labeling efficiency it too low. I propose here to use STED microscopy to characterize the positions of the major components of the synapse. The preparation will be cultured hippocampal neurons, which have numerous small (about one micron in diameter) synaptic nerve terminals. I will determine the locations of synaptic proteins involved in neurotransmitter release, in membrane retrieval and in pre- and post-synaptic active zone structure. Less specialized elements such as the cytoskeleton, mitochondria and endosomes of the synapse will also be investigated. The work will provide answers for a number of questions in the neuroscience field, such as how and where the synaptic vesicles get retrieved, how pre- and post-synaptic active zone elements correlate, and what the role of cytoskeletal elements is in synaptic transmission. The small size and relatively low complexity (compared to whole cells) of the synaptic boutons will allows the work to be completed within a reasonable timeframe. Successful completion of the project will encourage researchers to perform larger scale cellular nano-maps, which would eventually replace the largely erroneous cellular fractionation techniques currently used nowadays to determine the location of various proteins. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
173227 | Transferring activomics into the clinical setting | Transferring Activomics into the Clinical Setting (TACTICS). Advancing our proprietary biomarker discovery tool, Activomics, into the clinical laboratory represents an exciting milestone in the introduction of this disruptive technology to the global diagnostics market. Unlike current protein-concentration focussed diagnostics, such as ELISA and MS proteomics, our approach switches the emphasis towards the enzymatic activities of a subset of these proteins, vital cell-signalling enzymes inextricably linked to disease and its progression. We have developed highly sensitive methods to detect Activomic biomarkers in blood. Screening of sera obtained from large patient cohorts led us to identify a novel Activomic biomarker that can differentiate IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) patients from healthy and unhealthy controls with high accuracy (86%) and sensitivity (86%). This first effective serological marker for IBD promises to be a major breakthrough in the diagnostics and/or prognostics of this debilitating disease that counts millions of sufferers worldwide. In Europe alone, over 1 million people currently have the disease, bringing with it a major toll on public health and a concomitant heavy economic burden for the healthcare system and taxpayer. Better diagnosis and targeted therapy of IBD would reduce suffering and costs alike. We participate in this call in order to achieve this goal, allowing us to devise a comprehensive business plan that will act as a roadmap to bring our biomarker into clinical diagnostic laboratories. SME-phase 2 funding and/or further private investment will be sought using the detailed business plan in order to fully validate clinical utility. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-20351-1_15 | Learning Low Dimensional Representations Of Shape Data Sets With Diffeomorphic Autoencoders | Contemporary deformation-based morphometry offers parametric classes of diffeomorphisms that can be searched to compute the optimal transformation that warps a shape into another, thus defining a similarity metric for shape objects. Extending such classes to capture the geometrical variability in always more varied statistical situations represents an active research topic. This quest for genericity however leads to computationally-intensive estimation problems. Instead, we propose in this work to learn the best-adapted class of diffeomorphisms along with its parametrization, for a shape data set of interest. Optimization is carried out with an auto-encoding variational inference approach, offering in turn a coherent model-estimator pair that we name diffeomorphic auto-encoder. The main contributions are: (i) an original network-based method to construct diffeomorphisms, (ii) a current-splatting layer that allows neural network architectures to process meshes, (iii) illustrations on simulated and real data sets that show differences in the learned statistical distributions of shapes when compared to a standard approach. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.3389/fnhum.2014.00668 | How action selection can be embodied: Intracranial gamma band recording shows response competition during the Eriksen flankers test | Recent findings in monkeys suggest that action selection is based on a competition between various action options that are automatically planned by the motor system. Here we discuss data from intracranial EEG recordings in human premotor cortex (PMC) during a bimanual version of the Eriksen flankers test that suggest that the same principles apply to human action decisions. Recording sites in the dorsal PMC show an early but undifferentiated activation, a delayed response that depends on the experimental conditions and, finally, a movement related activation during action execution. Additionally, we found that the medial part of the PMC show a significant increase in response for ipsilateral trials, suggesting a role in inhibiting the wrong response. The ventral PMC seems to be involved in action execution, rather than action selection. Together these findings suggest that the human PMC is part of a network that specifies, selects, and executes actions. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1021/ic400037c | Enhanced vapor-phase processing in fluorinated Fe<inf>4</inf> single-molecule magnets | A new tetrairon(III) single-molecule magnet with enhanced volatility and processability was obtained by partial fluorination of the ancillary β-diketonato ligands. Fluorinated proligand Hpta = pivaloyltrifluoroacetone was used to assemble the bis(alkoxido)-bridged dimer [Fe2(OEt) 2(pta)4] (1) in crystalline form, from which the new tetranuclear complex [Fe4(L)2(pta)6] (2) was synthesized in a one-pot reaction with H3L = 2-hydroxymethyl-2- phenylpropane-1,3-diol, NaOEt, and FeCl3 in a Et2O:EtOH solvent mixture. The structure of compound 2 was inferred from 1H NMR, mass spectrometry, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations. Direct current magnetic data are consistent with the expected metal-centered triangular topology for the iron(III) ions, with an antiferromagnetic coupling constant J = 16. 20(6) cm-1 between the central iron and the peripheral ones and consequent stabilization of an S = 5 spin ground state. Alternating current (ac) susceptibility measurements in 0 and 1 kOe static applied fields show the presence of a thermally activated process for magnetic relaxation, with τ0 = 2. 3(1) 10-7 s and Ueff/kB = 9. 9(1) K at zero static field and τ0 = 2. 0(2) 10-7 s and Ueff/kB = 13. 0(2) K at 1 kOe. At a pressure of 10 -7 mbar, compound 2 sublimates at (440 ± 5) K vs (500 ± 10) K for the nonfluorinated variant [Fe4(L)2(dpm) 6] (Hdpm = dipivaloylmethane). According to XPS, ToF-SIMS, and ac susceptibility studies, the chemical composition, fragmentation pattern, and slow magnetic relaxation of the pristine material are retained in sublimated samples, suggesting that the molecular structure remains totally unaffected upon vapor-phase processing. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1007/s12265-018-9842-9 | Cardiac Progenitor Cell–Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduce Infarct Size and Associate with Increased Cardiovascular Cell Proliferation | Cell transplantation studies have shown that injection of progenitor cells can improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). Transplantation of human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) results in an increased ejection fraction, but survival and integration are low. Therefore, paracrine factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs) are likely to contribute to the beneficial effects. We investigated the contribution of EVs by transplanting hCPCs with reduced EV secretion. Interestingly, these hCPCs were unable to reduce infarct size post-MI. Moreover, injection of hCPC-EVs did significantly reduce infarct size. Analysis of EV uptake showed cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells primarily positive and a higher Ki67 expression in these cell types. Yes-associated protein (YAP), a proliferation marker associated with Ki67, was also increased in the entire infarcted area. In summary, our data suggest that EV secretion is the driving force behind the short-term beneficial effect of hCPC transplantation on cardiac recovery after MI. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1186/s13148-019-0701-6 | Whole-genome DNA hyper-methylation in iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons from Parkinson's disease patients | Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DAn). Previously, we described the presence of DNA hyper- and hypo-methylation alterations in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived DAn from PD patients using the Illumina 450K array which prominently covers gene regulatory regions. Methods: To expand and contextualize previous findings, we performed the first whole-genome DNA bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) using iPSC-derived DAn from representative PD subjects: one sporadic PD (sPD) patient, one monogenic LRRK2-associated PD patient (L2PD), and one control. Results: At the whole-genome level, we detected global DNA hyper-methylation in the PD which was similarly spread across the genome in both sPD and L2PD and mostly affected intergenic regions. Conclusion: This study implements previous epigenetic knowledge in PD at a whole genome level providing the first comprehensive and unbiased CpG DNA methylation data using iPSC-derived DAn from PD patients. Our results indicate that DAn from monogenic or sporadic PD exhibit global DNA hyper-methylation changes. Findings from this exploratory study are to be validated in further studies analyzing other PD cell models and patient tissues. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.89.045403 | Quantum-bath-driven decoherence of mixed spin systems | The decoherence of mixed electron-nuclear spin qubits is a topic of great current importance, but understanding is still lacking: While important decoherence mechanisms for spin qubits arise from quantum spin bath environments with slow decay of correlations, the only analytical framework for explaining observed sharp variations of decoherence times with magnetic field is based on the suppression of classical noise. Here we obtain a general expression for decoherence times of the central spin system which exposes significant differences between quantum-bath decoherence and decoherence by classical field noise. We perform measurements of decoherence times of bismuth donors in natural silicon using both electron spin resonance (ESR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) transitions, and in both cases find excellent agreement with our theory across a wide parameter range. The universality of our expression is also tested by quantitative comparisons with previous measurements of decoherence around "optimal working points" or "clock transitions" where decoherence is strongly suppressed. We further validate our results by comparison to cluster expansion simulations. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W93007491 | Evolution of water-in-oil emulsions stabilized with solid particles | Abstract Water-in-oil emulsions made of water droplets dispersed in a continuous paraffin oil phase were prepared and stabilized with hydrophobic silica particles alone. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments were carried out to characterize the water droplets freezing transitions and their evolution with time. Water droplet size distribution, oil–water interfacial tension, and rheological stress–strain properties were determined alongside to better understand the role of particles in the formation and stabilization of emulsions. The results obtained were compared to the properties of emulsions prepared with a non-ionic emulsifier, sorbitan monooleate. No interfacial tension reduction was observed at the oil/water interface in presence of particles. As a consequence, the fragmentation of water into droplets required more energy in absence of surface-active emulsifiers. The resulting emulsion droplet size distribution is polydisperse and contains large droplets. Rheology measurements showed that the stability of the emulsion prepared with particles originates from the formation of a 3D network of particles in the continuous oil phase. In emulsion samples containing sorbitan monooleate, calorimetry experiments revealed a progressive displacement of the water droplet freezing transition due to a change in ice nucleation mechanism. The interpretation points out a possible reorganization of the emulsifier film at the water/oil interface, which could modify the conditions of crystallization of dispersed water droplets and affect the emulsion long-term stability. Calorimetry, when used together with other techniques, such as laser light scattering, provides complementary information on the evolution with time of the structure of the emulsion. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
IB 2006001626 W | SYSTEM, TERMINAL, METHOD AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT OR ESTABLISHING A TRANSPORT-LEVEL CONNECTION WITH A SERVER LOCATED BEHIND A NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATOR AND/OR FIREWALL | A system, terminating node, method, and computer program product enable an originating node in a public network to communicate with a terminating node in a private network by sending a non-IP-based message from the originating node to the terminating node, thereby causing the terminating node to initiate IP -based communication with the originating node. Because a client behind a NAT and/or firewall in a private network will generally be able to connect and establish a TCP/IP session to a server in the public network, this improves the ability of the originating node to communicate with the terminating node whenever desired. Once the IP -based communication session is established, the two nodes can exchange data in both directions until the connection between them is closed by either node. As such, unmodified client and server TCP/IP applications are able to traverse a NAT/firewall, without the need for configuration of an intermediary node. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.007 | When time is space: Evidence for a mental time line | Time and space are tightly linked in the physical word. Recently, several lines of evidence have suggested that the mental representation of time might be spatial in nature. For instance, time-space interactions have been described as a strong preference to associate the past with the left space and the future with the right space. Here we review the growing evidence of interactions between time and space processing, systematized according to the type of interaction being investigated. We present the empirical findings supporting the possibility that humans represent the subjective time flow on a spatially oriented "mental time line" that is accessed through spatial attention mechanisms. The heterogeneous time-space interactions are then compared with the number-space interactions described in the numerical cognition literature. An alternative hypothesis, which maintains a common system for magnitude processing, including time, space, and number, is also discussed. Finally, we extend the discussion to the more general issue of how the representation of these concepts might be grounded into the cortical circuits that support spatial attention and sensorimotor transformations. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.3982/ECTA10499 | An Approach To Asset Pricing Under Incomplete And Diverse Perceptions | We model a dynamic, competitive market, where in every period, risk-neutral traders trade a one-period bond against an infinitely lived asset, with limited short-selling of the long-term asset. Traders lack structural knowledge and use different “incomplete theories,” all of which give statistically correct beliefs about next period's market price of the long-term asset. The more theories there are in the market, the higher is the equilibrium price of the long-term asset. Investors with more complete theories do not necessarily earn higher returns than those with less complete ones, who can earn above the risk-free rate. We provide two necessary conditions for a trader to earn above the risk-free rate. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1007/s11084-016-9488-z | PLANET TOPERS: Planets, Tracing the Transfer, Origin, Preservation, and Evolution of their ReservoirS | The Interuniversity Attraction Pole (IAP) ‘PLANET TOPERS’ (Planets: Tracing the Transfer, Origin, Preservation, and Evolution of their Reservoirs) addresses the fundamental understanding of the thermal and compositional evolution of the different reservoirs of planetary bodies (core, mantle, crust, atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and space) considering interactions and feedback mechanisms. Here we present the first results after 2 years of project work. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2154658620 | A REVIEW OF TREE CONVEX SETS TEST | A collection of sets may have some interesting properties which help identify efficient algorithms for constraint satisfaction problems and combinatorial auction problems. One of the properties is tree convexity. A collection S of sets is tree convex if we can find a tree T whose nodes are the union of the sets of S and each set of S is the nodes of a subtree of T . This concept extends that of row convex sets each of which is an interval over a total ordering of the elements of the union of these sets. An interesting problem is to find efficient algorithms to test whether a collection of sets is tree convex. It is not known before if there exists a linear time algorithm for this test. In this paper, we review the materials that are the key to a linear algorithm: hypergraphs, a characterization of tree convex sets and the acyclic hypergraph test algorithm. Some typos in the original paper of the acyclicity test are corrected here. Some experiments show that the linear algorithm is significantly faster than a well-known existing algorithm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
NO 2016000011 W | APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR INSTALLING A SUBSTRUCTURE | There is described apparatus for use in installing a substructure, and related methods. In embodiments of the invention, the apparatus comprises a positioning device attached to a leg of the substructure. The substructure comprises at least one leg to be mounted to at least one base, and the positioning device comprising at least one jack for supporting the leg upon the base, such that at least part of the weight of the substructure is supported on the base via the jack. In this way, relative movement between the leg and the base can be reduced, to allow permanent mounting of the leg to the base for example by using a curable material. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/srep24006 | CADM1 inhibits squamous cell carcinoma progression by reducing STAT3 activity | Although squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs) of the lungs, head and neck, oesophagus, and cervix account for up to 30% of cancer deaths, the mechanisms that regulate disease progression remain incompletely understood. Here, we use gene transduction and human tumor xenograft assays to establish that the tumour suppressor Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) inhibits SqCC proliferation and invasion, processes fundamental to disease progression. We determine that the extracellular domain of CADM1 mediates these effects by forming a complex with HER2 and integrin α6β4 at the cell surface that disrupts downstream STAT3 activity. We subsequently show that treating CADM1 null tumours with the JAK/STAT inhibitor ruxolitinib mimics CADM1 gene restoration in preventing SqCC growth and metastases. Overall, this study identifies a novel mechanism by which CADM1 prevents SqCC progression and suggests that screening tumours for loss of CADM1 expression will help identify those patients most likely to benefit from JAK/STAT targeted chemotherapies. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
US 2006/0028445 W | HIGHLY POROUS SELF-COHERED WEB MATERIALS | The present invention is directed to implantable bioabsorbable non-woven self-cohered web materials having a high degree of porosity. The web materials are very supple and soft, while exhibiting proportionally increased mechanical strength in one or more directions. The web materials often possess a high degree of loft. The web materials can be formed into a variety of shapes and forms suitable for use as implantable medical devices or components thereof. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP04(2016)020 | Relaxion Monodromy And The Weak Gravity Conjecture | The recently proposed relaxion models require extremely large trans-Planckian axion excursions as well as a potential explicitly violating the axion shift symmetry. The latter property is however inconsistent with the axion periodicity, which corresponds to a gauged discrete shift symmetry. A way to make things consistent is to use monodromy, i. e. both the axion and the potential parameters transform under the discrete shift symmetry. The structure is better described in terms of a 3-form field C
μνρ
coupling to the SM Higgs through its field strength F
4. The 4-form also couples linearly to the relaxion, in the Kaloper-Sorbo fashion. The extremely small relaxion-Higgs coupling arises in a see-saw fashion as g ≃ F
4
/f , with f being the axion decay constant. We discuss constraints on this type of constructions from membrane nucleation and the Weak Gravity Conjecture. The latter requires the existence of membranes, whose too fast nucleation could in principle drive the theory out of control, unless the cut-off scale is lowered. This allows to rule out the simplest models with the QCD axion as relaxion candidate on purely theoretical grounds. We also discuss possible avenues to embed this structure into string theory. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1039/C7NR03410E | Nanostructured Interfacial Self Assembled Peptide Polymer Membranes For Enhanced Mineralization And Cell Adhesion | Soft interfacial materials, such as self-assembled polymer membranes, are gaining increasing interest as biomaterials since they can provide selective barriers and/or controlled affinity interactions important to regulate cellular processes. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of multiscale structured membranes integrating selective molecular functionalities for potential applications in bone regeneration. The membranes were obtained by interfacial self-assembly of miscible aqueous solutions of hyaluronan and multi-domain peptides (MDPs) incorporating distinct biochemical motifs, including mineralizing (EE), integrin-binding (RGDS) and osteogenic (YGFGG) peptide sequences. Circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses of the MDPs revealed a predominant β-sheet conformation, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the formation of fibre-like nanostructures with different lengths. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the membranes showed an anisotropic structure and surfaces with different nanotopographies, reflecting the morphological differences observed under TEM. All the membranes were able to promote the deposition of a calcium-phosphate mineral on their surface when incubated in a mineralizing solution. The ability of the MDPs, coated on coverslips or presented within the membranes, to support cell adhesion was investigated using primary adult periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) under serum-free conditions. Cells on the membranes lacking RGDS remained round, while in the presence of RGDS they appear to be more elongated and anchored to the membrane. These observations were confirmed by SEM analysis that showed cells attached to the membrane and exhibiting an extended morphology with close interactions with the membrane surface. We anticipate that these molecularly designed interfacial membranes can both provide relevant biochemical signals and structural biomimetic components for stem cell growth and differentiation and ultimately promote bone regeneration. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.020 | Decoding sound and imagery content in early visual cortex | Human early visual cortex was traditionally thought to process simple visual features such as orientation, contrast, and spatial frequency via feedforward input from the lateral geniculate nucleus (e. g. , [1]). However, the role of nonretinal influence on early visual cortex is so far insufficiently investigated despite much evidence that feedback connections greatly outnumber feedforward connections [2-5]. Here, we explored in five fMRI experiments how information originating from audition and imagery affects the brain activity patterns in early visual cortex in the absence of any feedforward visual stimulation. We show that category-specific information from both complex natural sounds and imagery can be read out from early visual cortex activity in blindfolded participants. The coding of nonretinal information in the activity patterns of early visual cortex is common across actual auditory perception and imagery and may be mediated by higher-level multisensory areas. Furthermore, this coding is robust to mild manipulations of attention and working memory but affected by orthogonal, cognitively demanding visuospatial processing. Crucially, the information fed down to early visual cortex is category specific and generalizes to sound exemplars of the same category, providing evidence for abstract information feedback rather than precise pictorial feedback. Our results suggest that early visual cortex receives nonretinal input from other brain areas when it is generated by auditory perception and/or imagery, and this input carries common abstract information. Our findings are compatible with feedback of predictive information to the earliest visual input level (e. g. , [6]), in line with predictive coding models [7-10]. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1145/2381966.2381974 | Ace An Efficient Key Exchange Protocol For Onion Routing | The onion routing (OR) network Tor provides privacy to Internet users by facilitating anonymous web browsing. It achieves anonymity by routing encrypted traffic across a few routers, where the required encryption keys are established using a key exchange protocol. Goldberg, Stebila and Ustaoglu recently characterized the security and privacy properties required by the key exchange protocol used in the OR network. They defined the concept of one-way authenticated key exchange (1W-AKE) and presented a provably secure 1W-AKE protocol called ntor, which is under consideration for deployment in Tor. In this paper, we present a novel 1W-AKE protocol Ace that improves on the computation costs of ntor: in numbers, the client has an efficiency improvement of 46% and the server of nearly 19%. As far as communication costs are concerned, our protocol requires a client to send one additional group element to a server, compared to the ntor protocol. However, an additional group element easily fits into the 512 bytes fix-sized Tor packets (or cell) in the elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) setting. Consequently, our protocol does not produce a communication overhead in the Tor protocol. Moreover, we prove that our protocol Ace constitutes a 1W-AKE. Given that the ECC setting is under consideration for the Tor system, the improved computational efficiency, and the proven security properties make our 1W-AKE an ideal candidate for use in the Tor protocol. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/TIA.2017.2770103 | Restoration Of Low Voltage Distribution Systems With Inverter Interfaced Dg Units | The increasing share of distributed generation (DG) offers new chances in grid restoration of low-voltage distribution grids. Instead of relying on the transmission or high- and medium-voltage levels, establishing islanding operation in low-voltage grids might be a good option after a wide-area voltage collapse. This paper proposes a restoration strategy from zero-voltage conditions for inverter-interfaced DG under islanded conditions. In the approach, a flexible and scalable master DG inverter concept is introduced for DGs, where no communication is needed and an outage of the master can be balanced by other DG inverters. The control strategy ensures the tracking of nominal values of the system voltage and frequency without zero steady-state error. The influences of noncontrollable DG are also taken into account in the strategy with an effective countermeasure developed. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
217922 | Penumbral rescue by normobaric o=o administration in patients with ischaemic stroke and target mismatch profile: a phase ii proof-of-concept trial | Ischemic stroke (IS), caused by occlusion of arteries that supply blood to the brain, remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Disruption of blood and oxygen supply to the brain leads to neuronal death in the ischemic core within minutes. The hypoperfused tissue surrounding the ischemic core, the penumbra, is at high risk for infarction over time but still salvageable. Neuroprotective “bridgingâ€, sustaining the penumbra until reperfusion, may widen the therapeutic window, make recanalization treatments accessible to more patients and improve overall IS outcomes.
As ischemic cell death is primarily mediated by hypoxia, increasing oxygen supply to the penumbra seems THE logical approach. In animal models of IS, normobaric hyperoxygenation (NBHO) significantly increased penumbral oxygen pressure and attenuated brain injury when initiated early after onset of ischaemia and vessel occlusion was transient (35 to 50% infarct volume reduction).
The PROOF project now seeks to demonstrate that NBHO (high-flow 100% oxygen at >45 L/min via a non-rebreather mask, or FiO2=1.0 for intubation/ventilation) reduces infarct growth from baseline to 24 hours compared to standard treatment if administered ≤3 hours after onset of anterior circulation IS, in patients with proximal vessel occlusion and salvageable tissue at risk. The study is multi-center, adaptive phase-IIb, randomized, open-label with blinded-endpoint (PROBE design).
The primary efficacy criterion will be infarct growth from baseline to 24 hours. Secondary endpoints will be NIHSS 24h, categorical shift in the pre-stroke modified Rankin Score, QoL and cognition at day 90.
Potential surrogate biomarkers, health economics and societal impacts will be assessed.
If NBHO proves its neuroprotective potential in this selected population, phase-III trials in all IS patients may be undertaken. Considering its low costs and ease of use, NBHO may impact stroke care worldwide. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1038/sdata.2016.30 | Daphnia magna transcriptome by RNA-Seq across 12 environmental stressors | The full exploration of gene-environment interactions requires model organisms with well-characterized ecological interactions in their natural environment, manipulability in the laboratory and genomic tools. The waterflea Daphnia magna is an established ecological and toxicological model species, central to the food webs of freshwater lentic habitats and sentinel for water quality. Its tractability and cyclic parthenogenetic life-cycle are ideal to investigate links between genes and the environment. Capitalizing on this unique model system, the STRESSFLEA consortium generated a comprehensive RNA-Seq data set by exposing two inbred genotypes of D. magna and a recombinant cross of these genotypes to a range of environmental perturbations. Gene models were constructed from the transcriptome data and mapped onto the draft genome of D. magna using EvidentialGene. The transcriptome data generated here, together with the available draft genome sequence of D. magna and a high-density genetic map will be a key asset for future investigations in environmental genomics. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1145/3239235.3240500 | Are Mutants Really Natural A Study On How Naturalness Helps Mutant Selection | Background: Code is repetitive and predictable in a way that is similar to the natural language. This means that code is "natural" and this "naturalness" can be captured by natural language modelling techniques. Such models promise to capture the program semantics and identify source code parts that `smell', i. e. , they are strange, badly written and are generally error-prone (likely to be defective). Aims: We investigate the use of natural language modelling techniques in mutation testing (a testing technique that uses artificial faults). We thus, seek to identify how well artificial faults simulate real ones and ultimately understand how natural the artificial faults can be. Our intuition is that natural mutants, i. e. , mutants that are predictable (follow the implicit coding norms of developers), are semantically useful and generally valuable (to testers). We also expect that mutants located on unnatural code locations (which are generally linked with error-proneness) to be of higher value than those located on natural code locations. Method: Based on this idea, we propose mutant selection strategies that rank mutants according to a) their naturalness (naturalness of the mutated code), b) the naturalness of their locations (naturalness of the original program statements) and c) their impact on the naturalness of the code that they apply to (naturalness differences between original and mutated statements). We empirically evaluate these issues on a benchmark set of 5 open-source projects, involving more than 100k mutants and 230 real faults. Based on the fault set we estimate the utility (i. e. capability to reveal faults) of mutants selected on the basis of their naturalness, and compare it against the utility of randomly selected mutants. Results: Our analysis shows that there is no link between naturalness and the fault revelation utility of mutants. We also demonstrate that the naturalness-based mutant selection performs similar (slightly worse) to the random mutant selection. Conclusions: Our findings are negative but we consider them interesting as they confute a strong intuition, i. e. , fault revelation is independent of the mutants' naturalness. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
694272 | Higher-dimensional topological solids realized with multiterminal superconducting junctions | Recently I revealed a deep operational analogy between an exotic material and an electronic device, i.e. between a 3-dimensional topological solid and a 4-terminal superconducting junction. Specifically, the 3d Weyl singularities revealed in the energy spectrum of this quantum device give rise to quantized trans-conductance in two leads that is typical for 2-dimensional topological Quantum Hall materials. The quantized value can be tuned with the third control phase.
I propose to capitalize on this breakthrough by realizing artificial n-dimensional (topological) solid materials by (n+1)-terminal superconducting junctions. This seemed to be fundamentally forbidden so far. In particular, in the framework of one research direction I will address the realization of higher Chern numbers. The edges and interfaces are important in topological solids, they need to be structured. For the artificial topological materials made with multi-terminal superconducting junctions such structuring is impossible in geometric coordinate space. However, the fact that the charge and superconducting phase are quantum-conjugated quantities provide the unique possibility for the structuring in multi-dimensional charge space that I will access in the framework of another direction. These two research directions will be supplemented by a more technical effort devoted to computational (quantum) dynamics of multi-terminal superconducting junctions.
The proposed way to ""conquer"" higher dimensions for condensed matter physics is of clear fundamental importance. Exciting applications are at the horizon, too. The exotic quantum states under consideration can be topologically protected and thus useful for quantum information processing. Quantized trans-resistance as well as other topological invariants may be important in metrology. More generally, the research proposed will boost the whole field of electronic devices wherever topology guarantees the discrete stability of device characteristics | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1172/JCI58431 | Fosl2 Promotes Leptin Gene Expression In Human And Mouse Adipocytes | Theadipocyte-derivedhormoneleptinisacriticalregulatorofmanyphysiologicalfunctions,�rangingfrom� satietytoimmunity. �Surprisingly,�verylittleisknownaboutthetranscriptionalpathwaysthatregulateadi- pocyte-specificexpressionofleptin. �Here,�wereportstudiesinwhichwepursuedastrategyintegratingBAC� transgenicreportermice,�reporterassays,�andchromatinstatemappingtolocateanadipocyte-specificcis-ele- mentupstreamoftheleptin�(LEP)�geneinhumanfatcells. �Quantitativeproteomicswithaffinityenrichment� ofprotein-DNAcomplexesidentifiedthetranscriptionfactorFOS-likeantigen�2�(FOSL2)�asbindingspecifi- callytotheidentifiedregion,�aresultthatwasconfirmedbyChIP. �KnockdownofFOSL2�inhumanadipocytes� decreasedLEPexpression,�andoverexpressionofFosl2�increasedLepexpressioninmouseadipocytes. �More- over,�theelevatedLEPexpressionobservedinobesitycorrelatedwellwithincreasedFOSL2�levelsinmiceand� humans,�andadipocyte-specificgeneticdeletionofFosl2�inmicereducedLepexpression. �Takentogether,�these� dataidentifyFOSL2�asacriticalregulatorofleptinexpressioninadipocytes. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.5194/acp-11-4191-2011 | Heterogeneous freezing of water droplets containing kaolinite particles | Abstract. Clouds composed of both ice particles and supercooled liquid water droplets exist at temperatures above ~236 K. These mixed phase clouds, which strongly impact climate, are very sensitive to the presence of solid particles that can catalyse freezing. In this paper we describe experiments to determine the conditions at which the clay mineral kaolinite nucleates ice when immersed within water droplets. These are the first immersion mode experiments in which the ice nucleating ability of kaolinite has been determined as a function of clay surface area, cooling rate and also at constant temperatures. Water droplets containing a known amount of clay mineral were supported on a hydrophobic surface and cooled at rates of between 0. 8 and 10 K min−1 or held at constant sub-zero temperatures. The time and temperature at which individual 10–50 μm diameter droplets froze were determined by optical microscopy. For a cooling rate of 10 K min−1, the median nucleation temperature of 10–40 μm diameter droplets increased from close to the homogeneous nucleation limit (236 K) to 240. 8 ± 0. 6 K as the concentration of kaolinite in the droplets was increased from 0. 005 wt% to 1 wt%. This data shows that the probability of freezing scales with surface area of the kaolinite inclusions. We also show that at a constant temperature the number of liquid droplets decreases exponentially as they freeze over time. The constant cooling rate experiments are consistent with the stochastic, singular and modified singular descriptions of heterogeneous nucleation; however, freezing during cooling and at constant temperature can be reconciled best with the stochastic approach. We report temperature dependent nucleation rate coefficients (nucleation events per unit time per unit area) for kaolinite and present a general parameterisation for immersion nucleation which may be suitable for cloud modelling once nucleation by other important ice nucleating species is quantified in the future. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.molcel.2017.08.014 | Transcription of Nearly All Yeast RNA Polymerase II-Transcribed Genes Is Dependent on Transcription Factor TFIID | Previous studies suggested that expression of most yeast mRNAs is dominated by either transcription factor TFIID or SAGA. We re-examined the role of TFIID by rapid depletion of S. cerevisiae TFIID subunits and measurement of changes in nascent transcription. We find that transcription of nearly all mRNAs is strongly dependent on TFIID function. Degron-dependent depletion of Taf1, Taf2, Taf7, Taf11, and Taf13 showed similar transcription decreases for genes in the Taf1-depleted, Taf1-enriched, TATA-containing, and TATA-less gene classes. The magnitude of TFIID dependence varies with growth conditions, although this variation is similar genome-wide. Many studies have suggested differences in gene-regulatory mechanisms between TATA and TATA-less genes, and these differences have been attributed in part to differential dependence on SAGA or TFIID. Our work indicates that TFIID participates in expression of nearly all yeast mRNAs and that differences in regulation between these two gene categories is due to other properties. Early work suggested that expression of yeast mRNA genes is primarily dependent on either transcription factor TFIID or SAGA. Warfield et al. now find that transcription of nearly all these genes is strongly TFIID dependent. This finding has important implications for the mechanism and regulation of transcription at all mRNA genes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
2717263 | The first integral repairing method for electric and hybrid vehicle batteries which considers their full life-cycle | TARANIS is a Spanish company with objective of providing disruptive technology in the field of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
(EV/HEV), making them more efficient and positively impacting on environment and society. Over the last 2 years we have
developed BATT3RY, the first integral repairing method for EV/HEV batteries which considers their full life-cycle and directly
responds to the end-users´ demands (reduce amortisation period of the investment to acquire EV/HEV and cut down on
maintenance costs while increasing their lifespan). Current solutions in the market either replace the whole battery when
only a few cells are not operating or repair the battery with limited energy storage capacity cells. BATT3RY ground-breaking
proposition consists of extending the life of the batteries of EV/HEV by repairing them with our own designed method and
cells support modules; reusing those cells that are not suitable for automotive use any longer by giving them a second life as
part of batteries for domestic use; recycling the elements and materials of those which are unusable with our fully efficient
separation method.
BATT3RY will disrupt in the market allowing EV/HEV owners to save up to 18,000€ in maintenance of their vehicles life while
extending their operative life. BATT3RY will directly contribute to the development of a greater sustainable mobility by
making the positively impacting on the adoption of EV/HEV by the end-users. BATT3RY is fully aligned with the Circular
Economy EU Legislation as it considers batteries full life-cycle with a much more efficient and sustainable approach than any
other competing solution in the market. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s11625-018-0547-4 | Environmental justice and the expanding geography of wind power conflicts | Wind power is expanding globally. Simultaneously, a growing number of conflicts against large-scale wind farms are emerging in multiple locations around the world. As these processes occur, new questions arise on how electricity from wind is being generated, how such energy is flowing within societies, and how these production-flows are being shaped by specific power structures. The present paper explores the expanding geography of wind energy conflicts by analyzing 20 case studies from across the Americas, Africa, Asia and Europe. Based on the Environmental Justice Atlas database, it reflects on how land pressures and patterns of uneven development emerge as two features of the current expansion of wind farms. Following a relational analysis, these patterns are examined to interpret the plural instances of opposition emerging throughout the rural spaces of the world. The article argues that previously unexplored forms of collective action are expanding the scope and content of the “wind energy debate”. In addition to the claims of “landscape” and “wildlife protection” addressed by the existing literature, this study sheds light on the rural/peripheral contexts where opposition emerges through the defense of indigenous territories, local livelihoods and communal development projects. The study contends that these “emerging storylines” embrace an environmental justice perspective when challenging the socially unequal and geographically uneven patterns reproduced by the ecological modernization paradigm. From this lens, cases of local opposition are not interpreted as selfish forces blocking a low-carbon transition, but instead, are understood as political instances that enable a wider discussion about the ways such transition should take place. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W2141231418 | Identifying Areas of the Visual Field Important for Quality of Life in Patients with Glaucoma | The purpose of this study was to create a vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) prediction system to identify visual field (VF) test points associated with decreased VRQoL in patients with glaucoma.VRQoL score was surveyed in 164 patients with glaucoma using the 'Sumi questionnaire'. A binocular VF was created from monocular VFs by using the integrated VF (IVF) method. VRQoL score was predicted using the 'Random Forest' method, based on visual acuity (VA) of better and worse eyes (better-eye and worse-eye VA) and total deviation (TD) values from the IVF. For comparison, VRQoL scores were regressed (linear regression) against: (i) mean of TD (IVF MD); (ii) better-eye VA; (iii) worse-eye VA; and (iv) IVF MD and better- and worse-eye VAs. The rank of importance of IVF test points was identified using the Random Forest method.The root mean of squared prediction error associated with the Random Forest method (0.30 to 1.97) was significantly smaller than those with linear regression models (0.34 to 3.38, p<0.05, ten-fold cross validation test). Worse-eye VA was the most important variable in all VRQoL tasks. In general, important VF test points were concentrated along the horizontal meridian. Particular areas of the IVF were important for different tasks: peripheral superior and inferior areas in the left hemifield for the 'letters and sentences' task, peripheral, mid-peripheral and para-central inferior regions for the 'walking' task, the peripheral superior region for the 'going out' task, and a broad scattered area across the IVF for the 'dining' task.The VRQoL prediction model with the Random Forest method enables clinicians to better understand patients' VRQoL based on standard clinical measurements of VA and VF. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1111/aor.13462 | Heart valve inspired and multi-stream aortic cannula: Novel designs for cardiopulmonary bypass improvement in neonates | In a typical open-heart surgery, the blood flow through the aortic cannula is a critical element of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedure. Especially for the neonatal and pediatric CPB flow conditions, the need for small hydraulic diameter and large blood flow results confined turbulent jet flow regimes that exacerbate blood damage and platelet activation. Simultaneously, the confined jet wake leads to complex stagnation and recirculating flows that cause considerable thrombosis, blood, and endothelial cell damage through the aorta. Thus, an ideal neonatal CPB cannula should be able to generate optimal jet expansion so that sufficient cerebral perfusion is achieved through the head-neck vessels to avoid postoperative neurological complications and developmental defects in children. To address these challenges, a formal bio-inspired design framework is conducted to reach the desired cannula function through novel analogous biological components, first-time in literature. Among the biological jet flow regimes studied, the ventricle filling-jet generated through the atrio-ventricle (AV) valves are found to be the most promising. Inspired from human AV valve shapes, 8 different novel cannula designs, considering the size constrains of neonatal and pediatric patients are built via high-accurate micro stereo-lithography. Using 2-dimensional time-resolved particle image velocimetry the turbulent jet wake characteristics are measured and compared. The proposed designs have exhibited a significant improvement as compared to standard circular cannula by around 30% reduction in maximum outflow velocity and more than 80% reduction in potential core length and spatial energy dissipation which results in a lower risk of cardiovascular and blood damage. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1557/mrs.2017.277 | RNA nanotechnology—The knots and folds of RNA nanoparticle engineering | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
|
10.1039/c2cp40482f | Preparation, microstructure characterization and catalytic performance of Cu/ZnO and ZnO/Cu composite nanoparticles for liquid phase methanol synthesis | Stearate@Cu/ZnO nanocomposite particles with molar ratios of ZnO : Cu = 2 and 5 are synthesized by reduction of the metal-organic Cu precursor [Cu{(OCH(CH3)CH2N(CH3)2)}2] in the presence of stearate@ZnO nanoparticles. In the case of ZnO : Cu = 5, high-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) combined with electron-energy-loss-spectroscopy (EELS) as well as attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy are used to localize the small amount of Cu deposited on the surface of 3-5 nm sized stearate@ZnO particles. For ZnO : Cu = 2, the microstructure of the nanocomposites after catalytic activity testing is characterized by HAADF-STEM techniques. This reveals the construction of large Cu nanoparticles (20-50 nm) decorated by small ZnO nanoparticles (3-5 nm). The catalytic activity of both composites for the synthesis of methanol from syn gas is evaluated. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
US 2019/0038062 W | NOVEL OLIGOSACCHARIDES FOR USE IN PREBIOTIC APPLICATIONS | Mare's milk plays a major role in the health of neonatal foals and may be used for human or other mammalian health. Oligosaccharides (OS) possess various bioactivities in many mammalian milks, and Mare's milk may be a source of novel oligosaccharides. The invention relates to the identification of novel structures in mare's milk that may be synthesized or otherwise purified for use in a variety of animal and human applications related to the gut microbiome and mammalian health. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/1742-5468/2016/05/053106 | Quasi Local Conserved Charges And Spin Transport In Spin 1 Integrable Chains | We consider the integrable one-dimensional spin-$1$ chain defined by the Zamolodchikov-Fateev (ZF) Hamiltonian. The latter is parametrized, analogously to the XXZ spin-$1/2$ model, by a continuous anisotropy parameter and at the isotropic point coincides with the well-known spin-$1$ Babujian-Takhtajan Hamiltonian. Following a procedure recently developed for the XXZ model, we explicitly construct a continuous family of quasi-local conserved operators for the periodic spin-$1$ ZF chain. Our construction is valid for a dense set of commensurate values of the anisotropy parameter in the gapless regime where the isotropic point is excluded. Using the Mazur inequality, we show that, as for the XXZ model, these quasi-local charges are enough to prove that the high-temperature spin Drude weight is non-vanishing in the thermodynamic limit, thus establishing ballistic spin transport at high temperature. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1088/1748-0221/9/04/C04024 | The Torch Project | TORCH is a DIRC-style detector concept designed for high-precision time-of-flight measurements over large areas. It has been proposed for the upgrade of the LHCb experiment to complement the particle identification capabilities of the RICH detectors, covering the momentum region 1. 5–10 GeV/c for K–π separation. The current status of the detector design and R&D is presented. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2460544383 | В кармане у подпольного парадоксалиста | For many years, the F. Dostoyevsky researchers have been arguing about the function of money in the writer’s works. The majority of the Dostoyevsky specialists maintain that, even though the material issue remains urgent in all Dostoevsky’s works, it does not determine the characters’ attitudes and behavior. In order to refute this conventional opinion, the authors of the article have applied some of the most important aspects (Production, Internal Circulation, Metatheoretical) of the New Economic Criticism, a new method of literary analysis, originated a few decades ago in the United States, and also discuss various aspects of money as the economic category of Dostoyevsky’s works. The article is focused on the Notes from Underground, one of the most important novels of Dostoyevsky, written in the full swing of the incipient yet extensive reforms of the mid-19th century Russia. The article seeks to demonstrate that the economic practices of the main character not only determine the entire course of the story, but also reflect the essential principles of the Russian economic system functioning and its further change as well as help to reveal the meanings of the text no longer being recognized today. | [
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1038/s41564-019-0400-2 | Recombination between phages and CRISPR−cas loci facilitates horizontal gene transfer in staphylococci | CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) loci and their associated (cas) genes encode an adaptive immune system that protects prokaryotes from viral1 and plasmid2 invaders. Following viral (phage) infection, a small fraction of the prokaryotic cells are able to integrate a small sequence of the invader’s genome into the CRISPR array1. These sequences, known as spacers, are transcribed and processed into small CRISPR RNA guides3–5 that associate with Cas nucleases to specify a viral target for destruction6–9. Although CRISPR−cas loci are widely distributed throughout microbial genomes and often display hallmarks of horizontal gene transfer10–12, the drivers of CRISPR dissemination remain unclear. Here, we show that spacers can recombine with phage target sequences to mediate a form of specialized transduction of CRISPR elements. Phage targets in phage 85, ΦNM1, ΦNM4 and Φ12 can recombine with spacers in either chromosomal or plasmid-borne CRISPR loci in Staphylococcus, leading to either the transfer of CRISPR-adjacent genes or the propagation of acquired immunity to other bacteria in the population, respectively. Our data demonstrate that spacer sequences not only specify the targets of Cas nucleases but also can promote horizontal gene transfer. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W1985160933 | Entrevista com o Prof. Dr. Josep Fontana. | Entrevista com o Prof. Dr. Josep Fontana. Realizada em Barcelona, em 2 de junho de 2010. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
interreg_3251 | Study for the creation of a Permanent Observatory structure for the Spatial Planning Development of the South Eastern Mediterranean Area | The SEMSON: “South Eastern Mediterranean Spatial Planning Observatory Network” project originates in the successfully evolving INTERREG-IIIB/CADSES project “ESTIA-SPOSE” (CADSES area) and aims at the promotion of spatial development policy integration in SE Mediterranean area. The Archi-Med macro-region, consisting of 4 EU members and several “third” peripheral countries, is currently a scattered area due to the administrative and political constrains, although the historical roots and common features between the Mediterranean basin countries (cultural corridors, tourism exchanges, navigation, common traditions, common interest for environmental protection, hazards, etc.) might address a hopeful perspective for a common spatial integration through territorial cooperation actions, a fact that requires a territorial overview of the socio-economic, urban network, accessibility and environmental identity of the area. The main objective and concrete results of SEMSON project is to enhance the ability of the SE Mediterranean countries to collaborate on spatial development and planning issues at a trans-national level through particular activities and actions related to the foundation of core territorial indicators, the testing through Pilot Applications, properly addressed to illustrate the specialized features and outstanding advantages as well as the bottlenecks of the macro-region and finally the establishment of a spatial observatory platform, as well as networks composed of administrative authorities and academic institutes responsible on spatial and regional planning. The overall geo-graphical area for the implementation of the project will cover the total territory of the Archi-Med macro-region and the focus area for the pilot application of the Territorial Indicators System will cover the EU member’s territory. The added value and the synergy to all other similar projects (e.g. ESPON and ESTIA-SPOSE) is the target to reveal the neglected common spatial portrait of the Southeast Mediterranean Basin which is totally discerned from the rest European macro-regions. The already produced ESPON indicators are not sufficient and they do not give a specific analysis of the spatial trends of the Archi-Med space, especially due to their general content and nature. For this reason, the avoidance of duplication is secured, due to the applied methodology which will reveal and promote the specialized features of SE Mediterranean area and will contribute to the lack of comparable knowledge for this space (general spatial structure, coastal and insular character – spatial interactions, cultural corridors, hazards situation identification, territorial identification of Turkey, etc.). The major expected impact of the project is the better territorial understanding of the SE Mediterranean space through comparable and reliable data and territorial indicators which will enhance the spatial cohesion of the entire SEMSON area and the deliverables will include comprehensive reports and special documents, conferences and workshops, pilot applications, institutional structures, database and web site. The target group of SEMSON is consisting by all public and private agencies and institutions that are directly and/or indirectly involved with spatial planning and spatial development policies. A rough approximation might lead to about 150 agencies which are expected to become involved as potential users. The direct and indirect beneficiaries (around 500-700) are the practitioners from the public and private sector, research institutions involved with spatial planning and spatial development policies as well as the specialized departments in the various administrative tiers, as well as the relevant institutions and practitioners from the neighboring countries within Archi-Med space (Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Israel, Palestinian Authority and Jordan). Finally, among the beneficiaries the women participation at least with a percentage of 30% will be a target of the project, aiming at the promotion of the gender equality. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
W1644308042 | Threshold optimization of pseudo-inverse linear discriminants based on overall accuracies | A pseudo-inverse linear discriminants has nothing in common with a Fisher linear discriminant (FLD) if the desired outputs of each sample are changeable. With the customarily desired outputs {1, −1}, a simple and size-related threshold is acquired, which. Multiple thresholds related to sample sizes and distribution regions are thus developed, and the optimal ones may be singled out from among by means of the OCA criterions. Enormous experimental results for the benchmark datasets have verified that the PILDs with optimal thresholds have good learning and generalization performances, and even reach the top OCAs for some datasets among the existing classifiers. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1111/1467-9477.12044 | Implementing Democratic Equality In Political Parties Organisational Consequences In The Swedish And The German Pirate Parties | This article theorises and empirically assesses some important intra-organisational implications of maximising democratic equality in political parties both between followers and members and between members and elites. They include weak member commitment, passivity of the rank-and-file membership and – depending on party structure – high levels of internal conflict. To substantiate the arguments, two parties that implement principles of democratic equality in their organisations are examined: the Swedish and German Pirate parties. These cases show, first, that while organisational structures implementing norms of equality allowed them to rapidly mobilise a considerable following, the same structures systematically reduced their capacity to consolidate support in the longer term – a weakness that might eventually put these parties' survival at risk. Second, they show that differences in the extent to which subnational units provide a foundation for member mobilisation helps to explain variation in the level of internal conflict experienced by these parties. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.001 | Defensive freezing links Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-axis activity and internalizing symptoms in humans | The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA)-axis plays an important role in the expression of defensive freezing. Adaptive freezing reactivity, characterized by an immediate increase in acute stress and timely termination upon threat offset or need to act, is essential for adequate stress coping. Blunted HPA-axis activity in animals is associated with blunted freezing reactivity and internalizing symptoms. Despite their potential relevance, it remains unknown whether these mechanisms apply to humans and human psychopathology. Using a well-established method combining electrocardiography and posturography, we assessed freezing before, immediately after, and one hour after a stress induction in 92 human adolescents. In line with animal models, human adolescents showed stress-induced freezing, as quantified by relative reductions in heart rate and body sway after, as compared to before, stress. Moreover, relatively lower basal cortisol was associated with reduced stress-induced freezing reactivity (i. e. , less immediate freezing and less recovery). Path analyses showed that decreased freezing recovery in individuals with reduced cortisol levels was associated with increased levels of internalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that reduced freezing recovery may be a promising marker for the etiology of internalizing symptoms. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
GB 9601843 W | VEHICLE COMPARTMENT STRUCTURE | A structure (10) comprising a load or passenger carrying compartment of a vehicle having a ventilating apparatus internal for moving air between a first environment (13) and a second internal environment (14) along an air flow path (15), the air regulating means (11; 12) comprising a rotatable member (16; 17) rotatable by a drive means (35) about an axis (A; B) of rotation, and the member (16; 17) having a plurality of generally axially extending elements (18; 19) which extend generally outwardly of the axis of rotation (A; B) and the elements (18; 19) being spaced from one another by axially extending spaces (S; S') between each pair of the elements, the arrangement being such that as the member (16; 17) is rotated, each of the elements (18; 19), in turn, engages a reaction surface (21; 22) to cause a volume of air to be moved from the first (13) or second (14) environment and be driven into the second (14) or first (13) environment. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
996701 | Active managed buildings with energy performance contracting | The AmBIENCe project aims at extending the concept of Energy Performance Contracting to Active Buildings and making it available and attractive to a wider range of buildings. AmBIENCe will provide new concepts and business models for performance guarantees of Active Buildings, combining savings from energy efficiency measures with additional savings and earnings resulting from the active control of assets leveraging for instance price based incentive contracts (Implicit Demand Response). The willingness to invest in additional sensorisation, ICT an IoT will be increased by offering adjacent other-than-energy services, e.g. related to comfort, security or maintenance.
Within the course of AmBIENCe, we will leverage the experience of the project’s business and research partners, and extend this through regional workshops where we will bring together various stakeholders to make an assessment of best practices and learnings. Based on this, an integrated modular concept will be proposed, and a proof-of-concept platform will be developed, to support the creation of Active Building Performance Contracts. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2108058680 | Performance Profiling in Primary Care | Background. Profiling is increasingly being used to generate input for improvement efforts in health care. For these efforts to be successful, profiles must reflect true provider performance, requiring an appropriate statistical model. Sophisticated models are available to account for the specific features of performance data, but they may be difficult to use and explain to providers. Objective. To assess the influence of the statistical model on the performance profiles of primary care providers. Data Source. Administrative data (2006–2008) on 2.8 million members of a Dutch health insurer who were registered with 1 of 4396 general practitioners. Methods. Profiles are constructed for 6 quality measures and 5 resource use measures, controlling for differences in case mix. Models include ordinary least squares, generalized linear models, and multilevel models. Separately for each model, providers are ranked on z scores and classified as outlier if belonging to the 10% with the worst or best performance. The impact of the model is evaluated using the weighted kappa for rankings overall, percentage agreement on outlier designation, and changes in rankings over time. Results. Agreement among models was relatively high overall (kappa typically >0.85). Agreement on outlier designation was more variable and often below 80%, especially for high outliers. Rankings were more similar for processes than for outcomes and expenses. Agreement among annual rankings per model was low for all models. Conclusions. Differences among models were relatively small, but the choice of statistical model did affect the rankings. In addition, most measures appear to be driven largely by chance, regardless of the model that is used. Profilers should pay careful attention to the choice of both the statistical model and the performance measures. | [
"Mathematics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/s10680-016-9392-2 | The Parenthood Happiness Puzzle: An Introduction to Special Issue | Contrary to conventional wisdom, recent studies argue that parenthood is not necessarily related to higher parental subjective well-being (SWB). However, parenthood remains an important aspect of adults’ lives, also in highly developed societies where childbearing has become optional, financially expensive and affecting other goals in life. Whereas a great deal of effort has been put into answering why fertility is low in so many developed countries, one may even ask why is it not even lower. The answer is not obvious but stems from the fact that, to date, the relationship between fertility and SWB has been understudied and the mechanisms at work are not well understood. This special issue makes a step forward in this line of research, providing a coherent set of papers addressing different dimensions of the relationship between fertility and SWB and its mechanisms, starting from a demographic perspective, but integrating theories and research results from other disciplines. The collection of papers assesses the effect of the birth of a child on the individual SWB from angles still unexplored with the idea that the effects of fertility on individuals’ SWB are diverse depending on individual, couple and country contextual factors. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
W4308432119 | CARTOGRAFIA DO DESEJO NAS CIDADES PEQUENAS | As cidades pequenas remetem à análise de um urbano de outra centralidade, estes territórios são múltiplos e seus estudos carregados de desejos, sobretudo na área da arquitetura e urbanismo. Um pouco dessa diversidade será expressa neste ensaio, com objetivo de cartografar os desejos nas cidades pequenas. Buscamos apresentar a noção de cidades pequenas e o contexto dos territórios da região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul que serão abordados: Arroio do Padre, Cerrito, Cristal, Morro Redondo, Pedro Osório e Turuçu. Em seguida, refletimos teoricamente sobre o conceito de desejo, relacionado ao método cartográfico e aos procedimentos de pesquisa realizados: a pedagogia da viagem, a entrevista de manejo cartográfico, e o agenciamento de conceitos da filosofia da diferença. Por fim, compartilhamos alguns resultados desta cartografia que revelou desejos relacionados às questões do parcelamento, uso e ocupação do solo; aos aspectos de composição da paisagem; e sobre a noção de segurança. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1007/s00220-012-1511-2 | Models in Boundary Quantum Field Theory Associated with Lattices and Loop Group Models | In this article we give new examples of models in boundary quantum field theory, i. e. local time-translation covariant nets of von Neumann algebras, using a recent construction of Longo and Witten, which uses a local conformal net A on the real line together with an element of a unitary semigroup associated with A. Namely, we compute elements of this semigroup coming from Hölder continuous symmetric inner functions for a family of (completely rational) conformal nets which can be obtained by starting with nets of real subspaces, passing to its second quantization nets and taking local extensions of the former. This family is precisely the family of conformal nets associated with lattices, which as we show contains as a special case the level 1 loop group nets of simply connected, simply laced groups. Further examples come from the loop group net of Spin(n) at level 2 using the orbifold construction. | [
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W2014563735 | Predicting SNAP Participation in Older Adults: Do Age Categorizations Matter? | Prior, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) research reveals limited age cohort analyses that may not accurately reflect nuanced age differences in SNAP participation. The purpose of this study was to add depth to older age analysis and SNAP participation via four models of age categorizations. This secondary data analysis used a sample of 10,116 older adults from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and physical factors, logistic regression tested four age categorization models: Third-Age and Fourth-Age groupings; young-old, middle-old, and oldest old groupings; generic decade cohorts; and continuous age. Hypotheses for each model predicted older age as negative to SNAP participation. Significant predictors of SNAP participation included female gender; non-White, non-Hispanic, and Hispanic ethnicities; lower household income; inadequate food budget; and difficulty in self-dressing. Odds ratios confirmed age as a negative factor to SNAP partic... | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1007/s11886-020-01361-7 | Cardiac Regeneration After Myocardial Infarction: an Approachable Goal | Purpose of Review Until recently, cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction has remained a holy grail in cardiology. Failure of clinical trials using adult stem cells and scepticism about the actual existence of such cells has reinforced the notion that the heart is an irreversibly post-mitotic organ. Recent evidence has drastically challenged this conclusion. Recent Findings Cardiac regeneration can successfully be obtained by at least two strategies. First, new cardiomyocytes can be generated from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells and administered to the heart either as cell suspensions or upon ex vivo generation of contractile myocardial tissue. Alternatively, the endogenous capacity of cardiomyocytes to proliferate can be stimulated by the delivery of individual genes or, more successfully, of selected microRNAs. Summary Recent experimental success in large animals by both strategies now fuels the notion that cardiac regeneration is indeed possible. Several technical hurdles, however, still need to be addressed and solved before broad and successful clinical application is achieved. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
US 2010/0027328 W | LIQUID CRYSTAL FORMULATIONS AND STRUCTURES FOR SMECTIC A OPTICAL DEVICES | The present invention relates to liquid crystal compositions having a smectic A structure for use in an optical device in which the composition is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes (12-15). In essence the composition includes a siloxane oligomer (component (a)) which may be seen to construct a layered SmA system of particular spacing and "strength". Within this structure a low molar mass nematic mesogen (component (c)) is provided that may be considered to be that of a "plasticiser" which moderates the layer "strength", while simultaneously providing tuneability to the properties of the composition, e.g. its refractive index or dielectric anisotropy. The addition of a side chain liquid crystal polysiloxane (component (d)) allows such systems to be further moderated since they can be considered as binding together the layers, both within a given layer and between layers. An ionic dopant (component (b)) is also included in the composition that migrates through the composition when low frequency electric fields are applied to the composition by the electrodes, thereby disrupting the order to the composition. Order in the composition can be restored by applying a higher frequency field that does not allow the dopant time to migrate significantly. Chromophores may also be included in the formulation. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30242-0 | Spectrum And Prevalence Of Genetic Predisposition In Medulloblastoma A Retrospective Genetic Study And Prospective Validation In A Clinical Trial Cohort | Summary Background Medulloblastoma is associated with rare hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes; however, consensus medulloblastoma predisposition genes have not been defined and screening guidelines for genetic counselling and testing for paediatric patients are not available. We aimed to assess and define these genes to provide evidence for future screening guidelines. Methods In this international, multicentre study, we analysed patients with medulloblastoma from retrospective cohorts (International Cancer Genome Consortium [ICGC] PedBrain, Medulloblastoma Advanced Genomics International Consortium [MAGIC], and the CEFALO series) and from prospective cohorts from four clinical studies (SJMB03, SJMB12, SJYC07, and I-HIT-MED). Whole-genome sequences and exome sequences from blood and tumour samples were analysed for rare damaging germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes. DNA methylation profiling was done to determine consensus molecular subgroups: WNT (MB WNT ), SHH (MB SHH ), group 3 (MB Group3 ), and group 4 (MB Group4 ). Medulloblastoma predisposition genes were predicted on the basis of rare variant burden tests against controls without a cancer diagnosis from the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). Previously defined somatic mutational signatures were used to further classify medulloblastoma genomes into two groups, a clock-like group (signatures 1 and 5) and a homologous recombination repair deficiency-like group (signatures 3 and 8), and chromothripsis was investigated using previously established criteria. Progression-free survival and overall survival were modelled for patients with a genetic predisposition to medulloblastoma. Findings We included a total of 1022 patients with medulloblastoma from the retrospective cohorts (n=673) and the four prospective studies (n=349), from whom blood samples (n=1022) and tumour samples (n=800) were analysed for germline mutations in 110 cancer predisposition genes. In our rare variant burden analysis, we compared these against 53 105 sequenced controls from ExAC and identified APC, BRCA2, PALB2, PTCH1, SUFU , and TP53 as consensus medulloblastoma predisposition genes according to our rare variant burden analysis and estimated that germline mutations accounted for 6% of medulloblastoma diagnoses in the retrospective cohort. The prevalence of genetic predispositions differed between molecular subgroups in the retrospective cohort and was highest for patients in the MB SHH subgroup (20% in the retrospective cohort). These estimates were replicated in the prospective clinical cohort (germline mutations accounted for 5% of medulloblastoma diagnoses, with the highest prevalence [14%] in the MB SHH subgroup). Patients with germline APC mutations developed MB WNT and accounted for most (five [71%] of seven) cases of MB WNT that had no somatic CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations. Patients with germline mutations in SUFU and PTCH1 mostly developed infant MB SHH . Germline TP53 mutations presented only in childhood patients in the MB SHH subgroup and explained more than half (eight [57%] of 14) of all chromothripsis events in this subgroup. Germline mutations in PALB2 and BRCA2 were observed across the MB SHH , MB Group3 , and MB Group4 molecular subgroups and were associated with mutational signatures typical of homologous recombination repair deficiency. In patients with a genetic predisposition to medulloblastoma, 5-year progression-free survival was 52% (95% CI 40–69) and 5-year overall survival was 65% (95% CI 52–81); these survival estimates differed significantly across patients with germline mutations in different medulloblastoma predisposition genes. Interpretation Genetic counselling and testing should be used as a standard-of-care procedure in patients with MB WNT and MB SHH because these patients have the highest prevalence of damaging germline mutations in known cancer predisposition genes. We propose criteria for routine genetic screening for patients with medulloblastoma based on clinical and molecular tumour characteristics. Funding German Cancer Aid; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; German Childhood Cancer Foundation (Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung); European Research Council; National Institutes of Health; Canadian Institutes for Health Research; German Cancer Research Center; St Jude Comprehensive Cancer Center; American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities; Swiss National Science Foundation; European Molecular Biology Organization; Cancer Research UK; Hertie Foundation; Alexander and Margaret Stewart Trust; V Foundation for Cancer Research; Sontag Foundation; Musicians Against Childhood Cancer; BC Cancer Foundation; Swedish Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Cancer Society; the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority; Danish Strategic Research Council; Swiss Federal Office of Public Health; Swiss Research Foundation on Mobile Communication; Masaryk University; Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic; Research Council of Norway; Genome Canada; Genome BC; Terry Fox Research Institute; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; The Family of Kathleen Lorette and the Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre; Montreal Children's Hospital Foundation; The Hospital for Sick Children: Sonia and Arthur Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Chief of Research Fund, Cancer Genetics Program, Garron Family Cancer Centre, MDT's Garron Family Endowment; BC Childhood Cancer Parents Association; Cure Search Foundation; Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation; Brainchild; and the Government of Ontario. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
864698 | Solvated Ions in Solid Electrodes: Alternative routes toward rechargeable batteries based on abundant elements | Storing large amounts of electrical energy is a major challenge for the forthcoming decades. Today, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered the best option for electric vehicles and grid storage but these rising markets put severe pressure on resource and supply chains. The principle of LIBs is based on solid electrodes separated by a liquid electrolyte between which Li ions are reversibly exchanged during charge and discharge. The efficient Li+ transport in the different phases and across the interfaces is essential for achieving a good performance. A fundamental difference between ion transport in solid phases and ion transport in solutions is that the ions are “naked” in the solid phase but solvated in the liquid phase. Recently major efforts have been initiated to adopt the successful LIB concept to other working ions such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ or Al3+. This is motivated by the promise of lower cost thanks to their abundance as well as in some cases higher energy density. The progress, however, is limited mainly due to an unfavourable mismatch between the solid electrode host structures and the ion radii or too large charge/radius ratios. Especially multivalent ions lead to severe lattice polarization frustrating ion mobility in solid electrodes.
This project aims at a radically different concept, i.e. instead of “naked” ions, solvated ions will be intercalated into the electrodes. Solvent co-intercalation is traditionally considered as highly detrimental. Latest results, however, question the generality of this argument. The SEED project will explore the concept of using solvated ions in solid electrodes for the reversible storage of a variety of ions. As the solvation shell acts as electrostatic shield and can be tuned in its composition, lattice polarization can be minimized. Using this effect, the SEED project finally aims at enabling reversible charge storage of multivalent ions in host structures with properties far beyond current state-of-the art. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
2731022 | Thorium nuclear clocks for fundamental tests of physics | Th-229 has an exceptionally low-energy excited nuclear isomer state with an excitation energy of only a few electron volts, making it accessible to laser manipulation. With a predicted relative radiative linewidth of 1e-19, constructing a Thorium nuclear clock becomes possible that could rival todays most advanced optical atomic clocks.
The few-eV transition emerges from a fortunate near-degeneracy of the two lowest nuclear energy levels. However, the Coulomb and strong-force contributions to these level energies differ on the MeV level. This makes the Th-229 nuclear level structure uniquely sensitive to variations of fundamental constants and ultralight dark matter.
Very recently, the applicants have proven the long-sought existence of the low-energy isomer, determined the lifetime in different electronic environments, quantified the nuclear moments and charge radius based on the hyperfine splitting, and constrained the isomer energy. However, knowledge on the electronic and nuclear properties is still insufficient to exploit the Th-229 system for fundamental tests.
This project aims to close this gap and realize three prototype nuclear Thorium clocks using complementary approaches in trapped ions and solids. We will develop customized VUV laser systems and perform precision spectroscopy of the Th-229 nuclear transition. Comparing these clocks among each other and with state-of-the-art optical clocks will allow us to benchmark the new frequency standard before ultimately applying it to test fundamental physics.
This project requires a unique combination of experimental and theoretical expertise in atomic and nuclear physics, high precision metrology and fundamental symmetries. Furthermore, special infrastructure is required for (distributed) clock comparison, precision spectroscopy as well as processing of Th-229. The synergy team is composed to optimally respond to these challenges while being rooted in established and successful collaborations. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0055819 | M tuberculosis in the Adjuvant Modulates Time of Appearance of CNS-Specific Effector T Cells in the Spleen through a Polymorphic Site of TLR2 | DC deliver information regulating trafficking of effector T cells along T-cell priming. However, the role of pathogen-derived motives in the regulation of movement of T cells has not been studied. We hereinafter report that amount of M tuberculosis in the adjuvant modulates relocation of PLP139-151 specific T cells. In the presence of a low dose of M tuberculosis in the adjuvant, T cells (detected by CDR3 BV-BJ spectratyping, the so-called "immunoscope") mostly reach the spleen by day 28 after immunization ("late relocation") in the SJL strain, whereas T cells reach the spleen by d 14 with a high dose of M tuberculosis ("early relocation"). The C57Bl/6 background confers a dominant "early relocation" phenotype to F1 (SJL×C57Bl/6) mice, allowing early relocation of T cells in the presence of low dose M tuberculosis. A single non-synonymous polymorphism of TLR2 is responsible for "early/late" relocation phenotype. Egress of T lymphocytes is regulated by TLR2 expressed on T cells. Thus, pathogens engaging TLR2 on T cells regulate directly T-cell trafficking, and polymorphisms of TLR2 condition T-cell trafficking upon a limiting concentration of ligand. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1080/17441692.2012.728239 | Evidence Based Medicine And The Governance Of Pandemic Influenza | The conventional response of governments to protect their populations against the threat of influenza has been to ensure adequate vaccine production and/or access to supplies of vaccines and antiviral medications. This focus has, in turn, shaped the global governance structures around pandemic influenza, with collective efforts centred on facilitating virus sharing, maintaining and increasing vaccine production, and ensuring access to pharmaceuticals - responses that remain unattainable for many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the short to medium term. This paper argues that this emphasis on pharmacological responses reflects a particular view of biomedicine that pays inadequate attention to the weak capacity of many health systems. In more recent years, this dynamic has been further exacerbated by the influence of evidence-based medicine (EBM) that preferences certain types of biomedical knowledge and practice. This paper explores the role that EBM has played in shaping the global governance of pandemic influenza, and how it has served to reinforce and reify the authority of particular groups of actors, including policy-makers, elected officials and the medical community. The paper concludes that only by unpacking these structures and revealing the political authority in play can alternative policy responses more appropriate to LMICs be considered. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
interreg_572 | CASE MEDITERRANEE | The project aims at promoting the Mediterranean Homes energy saving and sustainable buildings while the recovery of Mediterranean historic towns by encouraging experimentation and the use of materials and energy-efficient construction techniques - both traditional and modern - that are compatible with and respect the traditions of heritage and any constraints to its protection.
An initial identification phase of construction techniques, regulatory issues and present - coordinated by a technical committee Scientific transnational - will produce a series of guidelines that will flow into the building regulations of the municipalities concerned.
A second phase will be the implementation of 5 pilot sites with educational and demonstrative character. These sites, conducted by technical / expert teachers, it will have a double meaning: to apply and test one or more of the energy-saving technologies previously identified and at the same time designers and craftsmen are able to form, then, to propose such solutions in other contexts.
Study visits will be organized in parallel between the different sites and information days / training for designers and craftsmen of the area of maritime cooperation Italy-France sometimes the transfer and exchange of know-how, technical / scientific. The sites also allow you to collect multimedia content (DVD, slides, etc..) Which will be converted into teaching modules to be used, not only for the training of other operators in the construction industry, but also for the dissemination of energy-saving solutions to the general public.
The ultimate goal of the project is the creation of a permanent network of Commons partners from other municipalities to expand the transnational maritime territory, for the updating and further development of issues related to the theme of energy saving and more specifically in the context of the Mediterranean bioclimatic houses
| [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1093/eurpub/ckt134 | Differential impact of the economic recession on alcohol use among white British adults, 2004-2010 | Background: Unlike other west European countries, there is a long-term trend of rising alcohol consumption and mortality in England. Whether drinking will rise or fall during the current recession is widely debated. We examined how the recession affected alcohol use in adults in England using individual-level data. Methods: We analysed a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized white persons aged 20-60 years from seven waves of the Health Survey for England, 2004-2010 (n = 36 525), to assess trends in alcohol use and frequency before, during and after the recession and in association with unemployment, correcting for possible changes in sample composition and socio-demographic confounders. The primary analysis compared 2006/7 with 2008/9, following the official onset of the UK recession in early 2008. Results: During England's recession, there was a significant decrease in frequent drinking defined as drinking four or more days in the past week (27. 1% in 2006 to 23. 9% in 2009, P < 0. 001), the number of units of alcohol imbibed on the heaviest drinking day (P < 0. 01) and the number of days that individuals reported drinking over the past seven days (P < 0. 01). However, among current drinkers who were unemployed there was a significantly elevated risk of binge drinking in 2009 and 2010 (odds ratio = 1. 64, 95% confidence interval: 1. 22-2. 19, P = 0. 001) that was not previously observed in 2004-2008 (1. 03, 0. 76-1. 41; test for effect heterogeneity: P = 0. 036). Conclusions: England's recession was associated with less hazardous drinking among the population overall, but with rises in binge drinking among a smaller high-risk group of unemployed drinkers. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1002/2017WR020578 | A Spatial Markov Model For The Evolution Of The Joint Distribution Of Groundwater Age Arrival Time And Velocity In Heterogeneous Media | The evolution of the joint distribution of groundwater age, velocity, and arrival times based on a Markov model for the velocities of fluid particles in heterogeneous porous media has been quantified. An explicit evolution equation for the joint distribution of age, arrival time, and particle velocity is derived, which is equivalent to a continuous time random walk for age, velocity, and arrival time. The approach is fully parameterized by the correlation model and the distribution of groundwater flow velocities. The transition probability for subsequent particle velocities along streamlines is implemented by a Copula, which is an efficient method to generate a correlated velocity series with prescribed marginal distribution. We discuss different solution methods based on finite-differences and random walk particle tracking. The latter is based on continuous time random walks, whose transition times are obtained kinematically from the flow velocities. Specifically, we discuss a renormalization scheme to accelerate the particle-tracking simulations based on the definition of aggregate particle transitions while at the same time renormalizing velocity correlation. The impact of velocity correlation and velocity distribution on the evolution of age at different distances from the inlet plane is also studied. At distances of the order of the correlation length, persistent particle velocities give the same behavior as stochastic streamtube models. For velocity distributions which give rise to transition times with finite variance, the age distributions evolve toward an inverse Gaussian. For heavy-tailed weighting times, they evolve toward stable distribution as the distance from the inlet increases. | [
"Mathematics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
Q10201 | Special clothing and textile products of high utility properties based on a new generation of intelligent materials that will increase the effectiveness of health and social care for the elderly. | The project addresses the issue of special needs of clothing and textile products for elderly people who have specific requirements for clothing and other textile products for health and hygiene reasons. The intention is to improve or innovate products and processes that meet their needs. New functional and utility properties will contribute to a higher quality of their lives. a. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1080/14725843.2019.1607718 | Ahmed Kathrada In Post War Europe Holocaust Memory And Apartheid South Africa 1951 1952 | This paper is part of a larger study exploring cultural and discursive performances of Holocaust memory in South Africa under the apartheid racist regime (1948–1994). During the years of apartheid . . . | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/942/1/012012 | Quantum Post Newtonian Theory For Corpuscular Black Holes | We discuss an effective theory for the quantum static gravitational potential in spherical symmetry up to the first post-Newtonian correction. We build a suitable Lagrangian from the weak field limit of the Einstein-Hilbert action coupled to pressureless matter. Classical solutions of the field equation lead to the correct post-Newtonian expansion. Furthermore, we portray the Newtonian results in a quantum framework by means of a coherent quantum state, which is properly corrected to accomodate post-Newtonian corrections. These considerations provide a link between the corpuscular model of Dvali and Gomez and standard post-Newtonian gravity, laying the foundations for future research. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
W1978799957 | Efficient Modeling of Large-Scale Electromagnetic Well-Logging Problems Using an Improved Nonconformal FEM-DDM | The numerical modeling of the advanced electromagnetic well-logging problems is very challenging because it requires tremendous workload of grid meshing and computation. For example, global meshing and simulation have to be done repeatedly for every logging position, because the model includes complex sensor arrays moving continuously along the borehole. In this paper, an efficient nonconformal finite element domain decomposition method is developed to solve these problems efficiently. First, the well-logging model is divided into two nonconformal subdomains so that the sensing arrays inside the borehole are separated from the beds outside. Since the mesh size between different subdomains can be inconsistent, well-logging modeling can significantly reduce the unknowns and computational cost. Second, a second-order transmission condition is implemented successfully in a quasi-symmetrical form via a novel treatment of Gaussian integration on the nonconformal interface. Finally, a hierarchical hexahedral basis function is introduced to further reduce the unknowns and extend the applicability of the method to multiscale problems. Numerical examples show that this method greatly reduces the memory cost and speeds up the computation compared with the traditional finite element method, especially when the response needs to be simulated repeatedly while the logging tools keep moving along the borehole. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
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