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10.1007/s00222-014-0531-2 | Faithful actions of the absolute Galois group on connected components of moduli spaces | We use a canonical procedure associating to an algebraic number (Formula presented. ) first a hyperelliptic curve (Formula presented. ), and then a triangle curve (Formula presented. ) obtained through the normal closure of an associated Belyi function. In this way we show that the absolute Galois group (Formula presented. ) acts faithfully on the set of isomorphism classes of marked triangle curves, and on the set of connected components of marked moduli spaces of surfaces isogenous to a higher product (these are the free quotients of a product (Formula presented. ) of curves of respective genera (Formula presented. ) by the action of a finite group (Formula presented. ). We show then, using again the surfaces isogenous to a product, first that it acts faithfully on the set of connected components of the moduli space of surfaces of general type (amending an incorrect proof in a previous arXiv version of the paper); and then, as a consequence, we obtain our main result: for each element (Formula presented. ), not in the conjugacy class of complex conjugation, there exists a surface of general type (Formula presented. ) such that (Formula presented. ) and the Galois conjugate surface (Formula presented. ) have nonisomorphic fundamental groups. Using polynomials with only two critical values, we can moreover exhibit infinitely many explicit examples of such a situation. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2023602333 | A dynamic statistical method based on peer grouping for spatial data access laws in a distributed system | The spatial data access laws reflects the general characteristics of user preferences in tile access. According to the access laws, the strategy of storage and organization can be adjusted and utilized to store the spatial data in right place. However, the tile access has dynamic features(server peer capability, storage device and hot tiles have dynamic features). Dynamic statistical method are an important theoretical basis for improving the accuracy of storage and organization. A dynamic statistical method for the access law of spatial data based on the peer grouping is proposed in this paper to resolve above-mentioned problems. All distributed server peers are grouped and the size of group is controlled to reduce the flow rate of exchanging spatial data access information each other. The capabilities of the server nodes are calculated in this algorithm. And the leader peer with good service capabilities are chosen preferentially in the group to fuse dynamic statistical information. The experimental results show that this method has a shorter average fusion time for the dynamic statistics of spatial data access laws and thus can improve the efficiency of the large scale distributed spatial information service system. Keywords-Grouping; Spatial data; Distribution law; Dynamic statistics | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W3030826278 | Challenges in Modeling Pheromone Capture by Pectinate Antennae | Insect pectinate antennae are very complex objects and studying how they capture pheromone is a challenging mass transfer problem. A few works have already been dedicated to this issue and we review their strengths and weaknesses. In all cases, a common approach is used: the antenna is split between its macro- and microstructure. Fluid dynamics aspects are solved at the highest level of the whole antenna first, that is, the macrostructure. Then, mass transfer is estimated at the scale of a single sensillum, that is, the microstructure. Another common characteristic is the modeling of sensilla by cylinders positioned transversal to the flow. Increasing efforts in faithfully modeling the geometry of the pectinate antenna and their orientation to the air flow are required to understand the major advantageous capture properties of these complex organs. Such a model would compare pectinate antennae to cylindrical ones and may help to understand why such forms of antennae evolved so many times among Lepidoptera and other insect orders. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
interreg_2174 | Cross-border Start-ups accelerator | The 5 regions of the MarittimoTech project share 4 priority supply chains that are opportunities to stimulate their economy marked by the crisis and reach smart, inclusive and lasting growth objectives: leisure boating, shipyard, sustainable tourism, biotechnology and "blue" and "green" renewable energy. The development and pursuit of excellence of these sectors are springboards for young, innovative, high-potential companies with significant economic and geographical ambitions. However, the lasting success of these companies (low 3-year survival rates and turnover compared to the national averages) clashes with scarce collaborative ties and synergies between the various forces (entrepreneurs, industries and universities) and lack of funding. For this reason, the 8 MarittimoTech partners propose to design, develop, test and maintain a cross- border accelerator of startups specialised in the priority supply chains. MarittimoTech will provide selected startups (with a target of 45 startups in 2017-2018) with an intense 4-month support as follows: - Individual support and community workshops (training services, legal instruments, accountants and marketing) - Consultancy, webinars and possible synergies (Masterclasses) - Access to financing (cross-border Roadshows). The Accelerator will be both physical (for each project area) and virtual (by way of a Franco-Italian collaborative platform). It will also be an innovation laboratory with all the actors involved collaborating to single out new markets and technological solutions. In this way, MarittimoTech offers to the cooperation area a cross-border fabric of knowledge and specialities and fosters the cross-border complementarity of smart regional specialisations. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1424856112 | An early secretory pathway mediated by GNOM-LIKE 1 and GNOM is essential for basal polarity establishment in Arabidopsis thaliana | Spatial regulation of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, or auxin) is essential for plant development. Auxin gradient establishment is mediated by polarly localized auxin transporters, including PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins. Their localization and abundance at the plasma membrane are tightly regulated by endomembrane machinery, especially the endocytic and recycling pathways mediated by the ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARF-GEF) GNOM. We assessed the role of the early secretory pathway in establishing PIN1 polarity in Arabidopsis thaliana by pharmacological and genetic approaches. We identified the compound endosidin 8 (ES8), which selectively interferes with PIN1 basal polarity without altering the polarity of apical proteins. ES8 alters the auxin distribution pattern in the root and induces a strong developmental phenotype, including reduced root length. The ARF-GEF–defective mutants gnom-like 1 (gnl1-1) and gnom (van7) are significantly resistant to ES8. The compound does not affect recycling or vacuolar trafficking of PIN1 but leads to its intracellular accumulation, resulting in loss of PIN1 basal polarity at the plasma membrane. Our data confirm a role for GNOM in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi trafficking and reveal that a GNL1/GNOM-mediated early secretory pathway selectively regulates PIN1 basal polarity establishment in a manner essential for normal plant development. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.072 | Micro-poro-elasticity of baghdadite-based bone tissue engineering scaffolds: A unifying approach based on ultrasonics, nanoindentation, and homogenization theory | Microstructure-elasticity relations for bone tissue engineering scaffolds are key to rational biomaterial design. As a contribution thereto, we here report comprehensive length measuring, weighing, and ultrasonic tests at 0. 1 MHz frequency, on porous baghdadite (Ca3ZrSi2O9) scaffolds. The resulting porosity-stiffness relations further confirm a formerly detected, micromechanically explained, general relationship for a great variety of different polycrystals, which also allows for estimating the zero-porosity case, i. e. Young modulus and Poisson ratio of pure (dense) baghdadite. These estimates were impressively confirmed by a physically and statistically independent nanoindentation campaign comprising some 1750 indents. Consequently, we can present a remarkably complete picture of porous baghdadite elasticity across a wide range of porosities, and, thanks to the micromechanical understanding, reaching out beyond classical elasticity, towards poroelastic properties, quantifying the effect of pore pressure on the material system behavior. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2020199490 | A prototypical Java-like language with records and traits | Traits have been designed as units of fine-grained behavior reuse in the object-oriented paradigm. In this paper, we present the language Sugared Welterweight Record-Trait Java (SWRTJ), a Java dialect with records and traits. Records have been devised to complement traits for fine-grained state reuse. Records and traits can be composed by explicit linguistic operations, allowing code manipulations to achieve fine-grained code reuse. Classes are assembled from (composite) records and traits and instantiated to generate objects. We present the prototypical implementation of SWRTJ using Xtext, an Eclipse framework for the development of programming languages as well as other domain-specific languages. Our implementation comprises an Eclipse-based editor for SWRTJ with typical IDE functionalities, and a stand-alone compiler, which translates SWRTJ programs into standard Java programs. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1002/ece3.729 | A multievent approach to estimating pair fidelity and heterogeneity in state transitions | Fidelity rates of pair-bonded individuals are of considerable interest to behavioral and population biologists as they can influence population structure, mating rates, population productivity, and gene flow. Estimates of fidelity rates calculated from direct observations of pairs in consecutive breeding seasons may be biased because (i) individuals that are not seen are assumed to be dead, (ii) variation in the detectability of individuals is ignored, and (iii) pair status must be known with certainty. This can lead to a high proportion of observations being ignored. This approach also restricts the way variation in fidelity rates for different types of individuals, or the covariation between fidelity and other vital rates (e. g. , survival) can be analyzed. In this study, we develop a probabilistic multievent capture-mark-recapture (MECMR) modeling framework for estimating pair fidelity rates that accounts for imperfect detection rates and capture heterogeneity, explicitly incorporates uncertainty in the assessment of pair status, and allows estimates of state-dependent survival and fidelity rates to be obtained simultaneously. We demonstrate the utility of our approach for investigating patterns of fidelity in pair-bonded individuals, by applying it to 30 years of breeding data from a wild population of great tits Parus major Linnaeus. Results of model selection supported state-dependent recapture, survival, and fidelity rates. Recapture rates were higher for individuals breeding with their previous partner than for those breeding with a different partner. Faithful birds that were breeding with the same partner as in the previous breeding season (i. e. , at t - 1) experienced substantially higher survival rates (between t and t + 1) and were also more likely to remain faithful to their current partner (i. e. , to remain in the faithful state at t + 1). First year breeders were more likely to change partner than older birds. These findings imply that traditional estimates, which do not account for state-dependent parameters, may be both inaccurate and biased, and hence, inferences based on them may conceal important biological effects. This was demonstrated in the analysis of simulated capture histories, which showed that our MECMR model was able to estimate state-dependant survival and pair fidelity rates in the face of varying state-dependant recapture rates robustly, and more accurately, than the traditional method. In addition, this new modeling approach provides a statistically rigorous framework for testing hypothesis about the causes and consequences of fidelity to a partner for natural populations. The novel modeling approach described here can readily be applied, either in its current form or via extension, to other populations and other types of dyadic interactions (e. g. , between nonpaired individuals, such as parent-offspring relationships, or between individuals and locations, such as nest-site fidelity). Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms15509 | Preventing tissue fibrosis by local biomaterials interfacing of specific cryptic extracellular matrix information | Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to the breakdown of tissue structures such as the basement membrane, promoting tissue fibrosis. Here we developed an electrospun membrane biofunctionalized with a fragment of the laminin β1-chain to modulate the expression of MMP2 in this context. We demonstrate that interfacing of the β1-fragment with the mesothelium of the peritoneal membrane via a biomaterial abrogates the release of active MMP2 in response to transforming growth factor β1 and rescues tissue integrity ex vivo and in vivo in a mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis. Importantly, our data demonstrate that the membrane inhibits MMP2 expression. Changes in the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related molecules further point towards a contribution of the modulation of EMT. Biomaterial-based presentation of regulatory basement membrane signals directly addresses limitations of current therapeutic approaches by enabling a localized and specific method to counteract MMP2 release applicable to a broad range of therapeutic targets. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.jet.2011.06.018 | Aggregation of multiple prior opinions | Experts are asked to provide their advice in a situation of uncertainty. They adopt the decision maker's utility function, but each has a potentially different set of prior probabilities, and so does the decision maker. The decision maker and the experts maximize the minimal expected utility with respect to their sets of priors. We show that a natural Pareto condition is equivalent to the existence of a set Λ of probability vectors over the experts, interpreted as possible allocations of weights to the experts, such that (i) the decision maker's set of priors is precisely all the weighted-averages of priors, where an expert's prior is taken from her set and the weight vector is taken from Λ; (ii) the decision maker's valuation of an act is the minimal weighted valuation, over all weight vectors in Λ, of the experts' valuations. | [
"Mathematics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
638743 | Imaging the cosmic dawn and the first galaxies with 21cm and atomic line intensity mapping | Modern astrophysics has pushed the observational frontier to a time a billion years after the Big Bang. Lying beyond this frontier is the period when the first stars and galaxies formed, whose light heated and ionized the Universe in the process known as reionization. Understanding this ""epoch of reionization"" would fill in a key missing period in our picture of the history of the Universe. Existing observational techniques have scratched the surface, but new observational techniques are required to truly understand this early period of galaxy formation. My work will lay the theoretical foundations for three novel probes of this period - 21 cm tomography, the 21 cm global signal, and line intensity mapping - that would enable three dimensional maps of the epoch of reionization. If realized through challenging radio-frequency observations, these techniques would transform our understanding of the first galaxies.
Through this ERC starting grant, I will build the theoretical framework needed to predict and interpret observations of line emission from gas in and surrounding the first generation of galaxies. My team will aim to develop models of the interplay between radiation from the first galaxies and the heating, ionization, and illumination of hydrogen gas that lies in the space between galaxies. At the same time, we will build models of the formation and properties of the atomic and molecular gas that fills the space inside galaxies. By combining probes of this ""inner"" and ""outer"" space a complete nature of galaxy formation during the first billion years might be achieved. Analysis of sky averaged 21 cm observations will complement this with a broad overview of galaxies back to a few hundred million years after the big bang. This work will provide a clear theoretical road map to guide the design of next generation radio telescopes, such as the Square Kilometer Array, to achieve this ambitious goal. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.4818597 | Influence Of The Repulsive Coulomb Barrier On Photoelectron Spectra And Angular Distributions In A Resonantly Excited Dianion | A photoelectron imaging study of the gas-phase dianion of pyrromethene-556 is presented. The photoelectron spectra and angular distributions following resonant excitation of the S1 excited state with nanosecond and femtosecond laser pulses are compared, and the influence of the repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB) in both cases evaluated. Photoelectron angular distributions show the effect of molecular alignment due to an allowed electronic excitation and can be understood qualitatively based on the calculated RCB surface using the Local Static Approximation. Comparison between femtosecond and nanosecond excitation reveals marked differences in the photoelectron spectra. While femtosecond experiments confirm that tunneling through the RCB is adiabatic, nanosecond experiments show a broad photoelectron feature peaking near the RCB maximum. This is explained in terms of the lifetime of internal conversion, which has been determined by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to be ∼120 ps: as this is faster than the nanosecond laser pulses, multiple photons can be absorbed through the S1 ← S0 transition which leads to large amounts of internal energy and enables electron detachment directly above the RCB. Fragmentation and detachment from the monoanion are also inferred by the presence of photoelectrons emitted at very low kinetic energy. Our results highlight the difficulty in interpreting photoelectron spectra of polyanions in which a resonant state is excited. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1364/BOE.6.005039 | Oct Based Crystalline Lens Topography In Accommodating Eyes | Custom Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) provided with automatic quantification and distortion correction algorithms was used to measure anterior and posterior crystalline lens surface elevation in accommodating eyes and to evaluate relationships between anterior segment surfaces. Nine young eyes were measured at different accommodative demands. Anterior and posterior lens radii of curvature decreased at a rate of 0. 78 ± 0. 18 and 0. 13 ± 0. 07 mm/D, anterior chamber depth decreased at 0. 04 ± 0. 01 mm/D and lens thickness increased at 0. 04 ± 0. 01 mm/D with accommodation. Three-dimensional surface elevations were estimated by subtracting best fitting spheres. In the relaxed state, the spherical term accounted for most of the surface irregularity in the anterior lens (47%) and astigmatism (70%) in the posterior lens. However, in accommodated lenses astigmatism was the predominant surface irregularity (90%) in the anterior lens. The RMS of high-order irregularities of the posterior lens surface was statistically significantly higher than that of the anterior lens surface (x2. 02, p<0. 0001). There was significant negative correlation in vertical coma (Z3 (-1)) and oblique trefoil (Z3 (-3)) between lens surfaces. The astigmatic angle showed high degree of alignment between corneal surfaces, moderate between corneal and anterior lens surface (~27 deg), but differed by ~80 deg between the anterior and posterior lens surfaces (including relative anterior/posterior lens astigmatic angle shifts (10-20 deg). | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.04.015 | From good to bad: Intravital imaging of the hijack of physiological processes by cancer cells | Homeostasis of tissues is tightly regulated at the cellular, tissue and organismal level. Interestingly, tumor cells have found ways to hijack many of these physiological processes at all the different levels. Here we review how intravital microscopy techniques have provided new insights into our understanding of tissue homeostasis and cancer progression. In addition, we highlight the different strategies that tumor cells have adopted to use these physiological processes for their own benefit. We describe how visualization of these dynamic processes in living mice has broadened to our view on cancer initiation and progression. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2968722766 | Model-based deployment of secure multi-cloud applications | The wide diffusion of cloud services, offering functionalities in different application domains and addressing different computing and storage needs, opens up the possibility of building multi-cloud applications relying upon heterogeneous services, offered by multiple cloud service providers. This flexibility not only enables an efficient usage of resources, but also allows to cope with specific requirements in terms of security and performance, while requiring, however, a typically high development effort. The MUSA framework leverages a DevOps approach to develop multi-cloud applications with desired Security Service Level Agreements (SSLA). This paper describes the MUSA Deployer models and tools, which aim at decoupling the multi-cloud application modelling and development from application deployment and cloud services provisioning. With MUSA tools, designers and developers are able to express and easily evaluate the application security requirements, and to deploy it automatically by acquiring and configuring cloud services with the needed software components. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/nme.6213 | A convergence study of monolithic simulations of flow and deformation in fractured poroelastic media | A consistent linearisation has been carried out for a monolithic solution procedure of a poroelastic medium with fluid-transporting fractures, including a comprehensive assessment of the convergence behaviour. The fracture has been modelled using a subgrid scale model with a continuous pressure across the fracture. The contributions to the tangential stiffness matrix of the fracture have been investigated to assess their impact on convergence. Simulations have been carried out for different interpolation orders and for Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines as interpolants vs Lagrangian polynomials. To increase the generality of the results, Newtonian as well as non-Newtonian (power-law) fluids have been considered. Unsurprisingly, a consistent linearisation invariably yields a quadratic convergence but comes at the expense of a loss of symmetry and recalculation of the contribution of the interface to the stiffness matrix at each iteration. When using a linear line search, however, the inclusion of only those terms of the interface stiffness that result in a symmetric and constant tangential stiffness matrix is sufficient to obtain a stable and convergent iterative process. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W4308426181 | O CALOR DA ARTE NA CULTURA DO FRIO | A relação das cidades com o gênero ainda é frágil, pois ainda é dominada pelos padrões sociais. O que dificulta sua apropriação pelos dissidentes de gênero, impedindo a criação de vínculos de pertencimento: elemento fundamental para o desenvolvimento humano. Em contrapartida a dominância, existe o movimento da cultura alternativa utilizado pelas minorias sociais para equilibrar o direito à cidade. Mas como estas manifestações se comportam na cultura do frio? Este artigo visa compreender como a produção artística das minorias de gênero interferem na urbe. Para o desenvolvimento foi utilizado a revisão bibliográfica, além do estudo das produções artísticas dos dissidentes em Satolep. Os resultados obtidos, revelam que a produção artística interfere positivamente no desenvolvimento da cidade, além de contribuir para a constituição de vínculos com o Poder Público. A arte e a cultura acendem a fagulha do calor dentro da cultura do frio, lançando um futuro promissor para os dissidentes. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
169659 | Multi-Instrument analysis of rosetta data – establishing a new paradigm for cometary activity | The MiARD project will use a wide range of data sets from the Rosetta mission (including the Philae lander) to refine the 3D topography of specific areas of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, to study the activity and changes caused by subliming volatiles as the comet nears the Sun, to make inferences about the nature of the top 10 cm of the surface of the comet, to assess whether the landing site on the comet is representative of the entire comet, and to create an improved outgassing model. The new knowledge will be used to improve models of cometary orbits and dust generation in order to allow better hazard assessment.
A strong emphasis will be placed upon public communication activities, making full use of the visual nature of the data products to be produced by the project. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
US 2021/0051626 W | CORONAVIRUS REPLICONS FOR ANTIVIRAL SCREENING AND TESTING | This application provides materials and methods related to replication competent, noninfectious coronavirus reporter replicons, such as for SARS-CoV-2, MERS, or SARS-CoV-1 comprising at least one coronavirus gene and at least one reporter gene. The application also provides methods for assaying candidate agents for inhibition of coronavirus viral replication. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1109/ITW.2015.7133095 | Broadcast Channels With Cooperation Capacity And Duality For The Semi Deterministic Case | The semi-deterministic (SD) broadcast channel (BC) where the decoders cooperate via a one-sided link is considered and its capacity region is derived. The direct proof relies on an achievable region for the general BC that is tight for the SD scenario. This achievable region follows by a coding scheme that combines rate-splitting and binning with Marton and superposition coding. The SD-BC is shown to be operationally equivalent to a class of relay-BCs (RBCs) and the correspondence between their capacity regions is established. Furthermore, a dual source coding problem, referred to as the Wyner-Ahlswede-Korner (WAK) problem with one-sided encoder cooperation, is proposed. Transformation principles between the problems are presented and the optimal rate region for the AK problem is stated. The SD-BC capacity and the admissible region of the AK problem are shown to be dual to one another in the sense that the information measures defining the corner points of both regions coincide. Special cases of the two problems are inspected and shown to maintain duality. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1093/mnras/stv2797 | LOFAR MSSS: Detection of a low-frequency radio transient in 400 h of monitoring of the North Celestial Pole | We present the results of a four-month campaign searching for low-frequency radio transients near the North Celestial Pole with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR), as part of the Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS). The data were recorded between 2011 December and 2012 April and comprised 2149 11-min snapshots, each covering 175 deg2. We have found one convincing candidate astrophysical transient, with a duration of a few minutes and a flux density at 60 MHz of 15-25 Jy. The transient does not repeat and has no obvious optical or high-energy counterpart, as a result of which its nature is unclear. The detection of this event implies a transient rate at 60 MHz of 3. 9-3. 7+14. 7 × 10-4 d-1 deg-2, and a transient surface density of 1. 5 × 10-5 deg-2, at a 7. 9-Jy limiting flux density and ~10-min time-scale. The campaign data were also searched for transients at a range of other time-scales, from 0. 5 to 297 min, which allowed us to place a range of limits on transient rates at 60MHz as a function of observation duration. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2145189976 | Direct evidence to support the restriction of intramolecular rotation hypothesis for the mechanism of aggregation-induced emission: temperature resolved terahertz spectra of tetraphenylethene | In contrast to the traditional fluorescent dyes that exhibit a decrease in fluorescence upon aggregation, Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) molecules are a family of fluorophors which exhibit increased fluorescence upon aggregation. Consequently, AIE molecules represent an interesting new material with potential applications in fluorescent chemo/biosensors, light emitting devices and medical diagnostics. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, including E–Z isomerization, and restriction of intramolecular rotations (RIR). However, there has not been any direct experimental evidence to support either one of these hypotheses. Here we use terahertz time-domain-spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and solid-state computational simulations of an AIE molecule to link the increase in intensity of intramolecular rotation and rocking modes to the measured fluorescence and reveal direct evidence supporting the RIR hypothesis. This is the first time that terahertz spectroscopy has been used to directly probe such molecular motions in AIE materials and in doing so we have found conclusive evidence to fully explain the AIE mechanism. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1038/nature10309 | Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection | Modern computing technology is based on writing, storing and retrieving information encoded as magnetic bits. Although the giant magnetoresistance effect has improved the electrical read out of memory elements, magnetic writing remains the object of major research efforts. Despite several reports of methods to reverse the polarity of nanosized magnets by means of local electric fields and currents, the simple reversal of a high-coercivity, single-layer ferromagnet remains a challenge. Materials with large coercivity and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy represent the mainstay of data storage media, owing to their ability to retain a stable magnetization state over long periods of time and their amenability to miniaturization. However, the same anisotropy properties that make a material attractive for storage also make it hard to write to. Here we demonstrate switching of a perpendicularly magnetized cobalt dot driven by in-plane current injection at room temperature. Our device is composed of a thin cobalt layer with strong perpendicular anisotropy and Rashba interaction induced by asymmetric platinum and AlO x interface layers. The effective switching field is orthogonal to the direction of the magnetization and to the Rashba field. The symmetry of the switching field is consistent with the spin accumulation induced by the Rashba interaction and the spin-dependent mobility observed in non-magnetic semiconductors, as well as with the torque induced by the spin Hall effect in the platinum layer. Our measurements indicate that the switching efficiency increases with the magnetic anisotropy of the cobalt layer and the oxidation of the aluminium layer, which is uppermost, suggesting that the Rashba interaction has a key role in the reversal mechanism. To prove the potential of in-plane current switching for spintronic applications, we construct a reprogrammable magnetic switch that can be integrated into non-volatile memory and logic architectures. This device is simple, scalable and compatible with present-day magnetic recording technology. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W4280641304 | Emprendimiento Femenino en el desarrollo local en Ecuador | En el contexto pandémico que se caracteriza por ser complejo e incierto, afectando negativamente a la economía de la mujer ecuatoriana, por ello, es pertinente analizar el emprendimiento femenino en el marco del desarrollo local en la provincia del Cañar de la República de Ecuador. Desde la epistemología feminista, se realizó una investigación empirista, con un diseño de campo. Se recolectaron los datos mediante un cuestionario estructurado fiable con escala Likert, cuyos resultados fueron tratados con la estadística descriptiva. Los resultados indican que el emprendimiento de género en el desarrollo local de la provincia del Cañar se caracteriza por inestable, incierto y complejo. Se concluye que el emprendimiento femenino ha tenido que enfrentar los retos impuestos por la pandemia, profundizando las complejidades de vida de la mujer para independizarse económicamente en la provincia, dificultando el impulso del desarrollo local. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.5802/jep.64 | Statistical mechanics of the uniform electron gas | In this paper we define and study the classical Uniform Electron Gas (UEG), a system of infinitely many electrons whose density is constant everywhere in space. The UEG is defined differently from Jellium, which has a positive constant background but no constraint on the density. We prove that the UEG arises in Density Functional Theory in the limit of a slowly varying density, minimizing the indirect Coulomb energy. We also construct the quantum UEG and compare it to the classical UEG at low density. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
884008 | Long autonomy e-bike through enhanced regenerative braking | The e-bike industry is a blooming market since it provides a solid alternative for cleaner, more sustainable urban mobility. Annual e-bike sales are in the order of 3,400 M€ in Europe only and are expected to rise up to 7, 200 M€ by 2025. However, there is still an unsolved and recurrent complaint related to the limited autonomy of e-bikes.
LONGRIDER is a novel control system for e-bikes that provides extended battery autonomy by supporting the cyclist only when necessary and by applying extensive and efficient regenerative braking. By cleverly controlling the energy use (deliver and recover), the feeling for the cyclist is that of continuously riding on flat terrain irrespective of the terrain slope, and in the limit case it is even possible to make the battery last close-to-indefinitely (provided that the user is willing to compensate the system inefficiencies by pedaling). Thus, the value proposition of the LONGRIDER e-bike can be formulated in 2 ways:
-An e-bike with the same battery size as competitors that can last significantly more (up to 200% more with mild regenerative braking, and above that with a more intensive regeneration set-up)
-An e-bike with a smaller battery size than competitors for the same autonomy (LONGRIDER requires a battery-pack 60-70% smaller with the associated cost and weight reduction)
The development of this new concept is being carried out by a team that has extensive experience in the electric mobility industry developing next generation motors for electric vehicles, as well as a solid background in bicycles with over 10 patents related to innovative concepts for bicycles, some of them under licensing discussions with major brands in the bicycle industry (Sram, Campagnolo and FSA). ZUMA is currently working on patenting the LONGRIDER-related developments to secure a leading market position. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1167/14.1.16 | Backward Position Shift In Apparent Motion | We investigated the perceived position of visual targets in apparent motion. A disc moved horizontally through three positions from -10° to +10° in the far periphery (20° above fixation), generating a compelling impression of apparent motion. In the first experiment, observers compared the position of the middle of the three discs to a subsequently presented reference. Unexpectedly, observers judged its position to be shifted backward, in the direction opposite that of the motion. We then tested the middle disc in sequences of 3, 5, and 7 discs, each covering the same spatial and temporal extents (similar speeds). The backwards shift was only found for the three-disc sequence. With the extra discs approaching more continuous motion, the perceived shift was in the same direction as the apparent motion. Finally, using a localization task with constant static references, we measured the position shifts of all the disc locations for two-disc, three-disc and four-disc apparent motion sequences. The backward shift was found for the second location of all sequences. We suggest that the backward shift of the second element along an apparent motion path is due to an attraction effect induced by the initial point of the motion. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-1483 | Clinical applications of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA as liquid biopsy | “Liquid biopsy” focusing on the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the blood of patients with cancer has received enormous attention because of its obvious clinical implications for personalized medicine. Analyses of CTCs and ctDNA have paved new diagnostic avenues and are, to date, the cornerstones of liquid biopsy diagnostics. The present review focuses on key areas of clinical applications of CTCs and ctDNA, including detection of cancer, prediction of prognosis in patients with curable disease, monitoring systemic therapies, and stratification of patients based on the detection of therapeutic targets or resistance mechanisms. Significance: The application of CTCs and ctDNA for the early detection of cancer is of high public interest, but it faces serious challenges regarding specificity and sensitivity of the current assays. Prediction of prognosis in patients with curable disease can already be achieved in several tumor entities, particularly in breast cancer. Monitoring the success or failure of systemic therapies (i. e. , chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or other targeted therapies) by sequential measurements of CTCs or ctDNA is also feasible. Interventional studies on treatment stratification based on the analysis of CTCs and ctDNA are needed to implement liquid biopsy into personalized medicine. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.19.061301 | Toward high-energy laser-driven ion beams: Nanostructured double-layer targets | The development of novel target concepts is crucial to make laser-driven acceleration of ion beams suitable for applications. We tested double-layer targets formed of an ultralow density nanostructured carbon layer (∼7 mg=cm3, 8-12 μm-thick) deposited on a μm-thick solid Al foil. A systematic increase in the total number of the accelerated ions (protons and C6+) as well as enhancement of both their maximum and average energies was observed with respect to bare solid foil targets. Maximum proton energies up to 30 MeV were recorded. Dedicated three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations were in remarkable agreement with the experimental results, giving clear indication of the role played by the target nanostructures in the interaction process. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
866386 | Envisioning the Reward: Neuronal circuits for goal-directed learning | Our ability to learn relies on the potential of neuronal circuits to change through experience. The overall theme of this project is to understand how sensory cortical circuits are modified by experience and learning. Recent results have shown that learning the association of a visual stimulus with a reward modifies neuronal responses in primary visual cortex (V1). However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these experience-dependent changes remain largely unknown. Computational and experimental studies suggest that feedback pathways are crucial for adapting sensory processing by task demands, together with local interneurons that gate feedback through dendritic inhibition. I will test the hypothesis that feedback projections from higher level areas selectively enhance task-relevant information in V1 and that this process depends on dorsomedial striatal (DMS) output.
Toward this aim, I am using chronic two-photon calcium imaging to monitor the activity of neuronal sub-populations in mouse V1, before, during and after two types of visual experience: a passive exposure to a visual stimulus and a rewarded visually-guided task. Published and preliminary results indicate that the representation of task-relevant features is enhanced and stabilised in V1 during learning while responses to non-relevant stimuli are suppressed.
This project is organized around 3 aims:
1. To characterize top-down inputs to V1 neurons during passive and rewarded visual experience.
2. To characterize local circuits and single-neuron computation of task-relevant features within V1
3. To characterize the output of V1 neurons to higher cortical areas and DMS, during goal-directed learning.
The expected results will show how behavioural training changes the neocortex to improve the encoding of behaviourally relevant visual objects. This project will uncover the circuits that are changed by and in turn dynamically gate relevant sensory information when an animal is learning a goal-directed task. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1063/1.5092611 | Efficient Geometric Integrators For Nonadiabatic Quantum Dynamics I The Adiabatic Representation | Geometric integrators of the Schrodinger equation conserve exactly many invariants of the exact solution. Among these integrators, the split-operator algorithm is explicit and easy to implement, but, unfortunately, is restricted to systems whose Hamiltonian is separable into a kinetic and potential terms. Here, we describe several implicit geometric integrators applicable to both separable and non-separable Hamiltonians, and, in particular, to the nonadiabatic molecular Hamiltonian in the adiabatic representation. These integrators combine the dynamic Fourier method with recursive symmetric composition of the trapezoidal rule or implicit midpoint method, which results in an arbitrary order of accuracy in the time step. Moreover, these integrators are exactly unitary, symplectic, symmetric, time-reversible, and stable, and, in contrast to the split-operator algorithm, conserve energy exactly, regardless of the accuracy of the solution. The order of convergence and conservation of geometric properties are proven analytically and demonstrated numerically on a two-surface NaI model in the adiabatic representation. Although each step of the higher order integrators is more costly, these algorithms become the most efficient ones if higher accuracy is desired; a thousand-fold speedup compared to the second-order trapezoidal rule (the Crank-Nicolson method) was observed for wavefunction convergence error of $10^{-10}$. In a companion paper [J. Roulet, S. Choi, and J. Van\'icek (2019)], we discuss analogous, arbitrary-order compositions of the split-operator algorithm and apply both types of geometric integrators to a higher-dimensional system in the diabatic representation. | [
"Mathematics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.048 | Congenital blindness is associated with large-scale reorganization of anatomical networks | Blindness is a unique model for understanding the role of experience in the development of the brain's functional and anatomical architecture. Documenting changes in the structure of anatomical networks for this population would substantiate the notion that the brain's core network-level organization may undergo neuroplasticity as a result of life-long experience. To examine this issue, we compared whole-brain networks of regional cortical-thickness covariance in early blind and matched sighted individuals. This covariance is thought to reflect signatures of integration between systems involved in similar perceptual/cognitive functions. Using graph-theoretic metrics, we identified a unique mode of anatomical reorganization in the blind that differed from that found for sighted. This was seen in that network partition structures derived from subgroups of blind were more similar to each other than they were to partitions derived from sighted. Notably, after deriving network partitions, we found that language and visual regions tended to reside within separate modules in sighted but showed a pattern of merging into shared modules in the blind. Our study demonstrates that early visual deprivation triggers a systematic large-scale reorganization of whole-brain cortical-thickness networks, suggesting changes in how occipital regions interface with other functional networks in the congenitally blind. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1080/00207179.2018.1535200 | Tight Bound On Parameter Of Surplus Based Averaging Algorithm Over Balanced Digraphs | We study a continuous-time surplus-based algorithm for multi-agent average consensus, and derive a tight upper bound on the key parameter included in this algorithm that ensures convergence over st. . . | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2105379137 | Salt and Revenue in Frontier Formation: State Mobilized Ethnic Politics in the Yunnan-Burma Borderland since the 1720s | Abstract This research reviews the formation of the Yunnan-Burma frontier since the 1720s, when the Qing government reformed the administrative systems from chieftainships to official counties in the middle and southern Yunnan mountains areas. One of some crucial political changes was the policy of salt revenue which directly stimulated large scale ethnic resistance in the region of salt wells. However, the social political context of continuing ethnic conflicts was not only rooted in the reshaping of the salt-consuming districts, but also rooted in social changes in the Yunnan-Burma borderland because of increasing Han Chinese immigration and their penetration into mining, long distance trade and local agriculture. In order to successfully control mountain resources as the base of revenue, the Qing government continued to gradually integrate native Dai chieftains into official counties. Local resistance continued and reached a peak from the 1790s to the 1810s. Pushed by the Qing government, and with the collaboration of different social actors, the synthesized mobilization of frontier formation had made ethnic politics a main style of social political reconstruction, even if commercial exchange, long distance trade, and demographic reshaping also continued to be mixed with ethnic politics as another layer of the Yunnan-Burma frontier formation. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
IB 2010054991 W | USING MAXIMAL SUM-RATE MUTUAL INFORMATION TO OPTIMIZE JCMA CONSTELLATIONS | A method and a system for calculating a JCMA constellation for use in a JCMA communication system where the method includes a step of using maximum sum-rate mutual information criterion to select an optimal JCMA constellation for the number of transmitters N, SNR and modulation schemes used by the transmitters. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1088/0264-9381/31/2/025012 | Error Analysis And Comparison To Analytical Models Of Numerical Waveforms Produced By The Nrar Collaboration | The Numerical-Relativity-Analytical-Relativity (NRAR) collaboration is a joint effort between members of the numerical relativity, analytical relativity and gravitational-wave data analysis communities. The goal of the NRAR collaboration is to produce numerical-relativity simulations of compact binaries and use them to develop accurate analytical templates for the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration to use in detecting gravitational-wave signals and extracting astrophysical information from them. We describe the results of the first stage of the NRAR project, which focused on producing an initial set of numerical waveforms from binary black holes with moderate mass ratios and spins, as well as one non-spinning binary configuration which has a mass ratio of 10. All of the numerical waveforms are analysed in a uniform and consistent manner, with numerical errors evaluated using an analysis code created by members of the NRAR collaboration. We compare previously-calibrated, non-precessing analytical waveforms, notably the effective-one-body (EOB) and phenomenological template families, to the newly-produced numerical waveforms. We find that when the binary's total mass is ~100-200 solar masses, current EOB and phenomenological models of spinning, non-precessing binary waveforms have overlaps above 99% (for advanced LIGO) with all of the non-precessing-binary numerical waveforms with mass ratios <= 4, when maximizing over binary parameters. This implies that the loss of event rate due to modelling error is below 3%. Moreover, the non-spinning EOB waveforms previously calibrated to five non-spinning waveforms with mass ratio smaller than 6 have overlaps above 99. 7% with the numerical waveform with a mass ratio of 10, without even maximizing on the binary parameters. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
226639 | Inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like materials: new synthetic strategies lead to new materials | Inorganic nanotubes (INT) and particularly inorganic fullerene-like materials (IF) from 2-D layered compounds, which were discovered in the PI laboratory 16 years ago, are now in commercial use as solid lubricants (www.apnano.com) with prospects for numerous applications, also as part of nanocomposites, optical coatings, etc. The present research proposal capitalizes on the leadership role of the PI and recent developments in his laboratory, much of them not yet published. New synthetic approaches will be developed, in particular using the WS2 nanotubes as a template for the growth of new nanotubes. This include, for example PbI2@WS2 or WS2 | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/C5NR03002A | Bilayer Insulator Tunnel Barriers For Graphene Based Vertical Hot Electron Transistors | Vertical graphene-based device concepts that rely on quantum mechanical tunneling are intensely being discussed in the literature for applications in electronics and optoelectronics. In this work, the carrier transport mechanisms in semiconductor–insulator–graphene (SIG) capacitors are investigated with respect to their suitability as electron emitters in vertical graphene base transistors (GBTs). Several dielectric materials as tunnel barriers are compared, including dielectric double layers. Using bilayer dielectrics, we experimentally demonstrate significant improvements in the electron injection current by promoting Fowler–Nordheim tunneling (FNT) and step tunneling (ST) while suppressing defect mediated carrier transport. High injected tunneling current densities approaching 103 A cm−2 (limited by series resistance), and excellent current–voltage nonlinearity and asymmetry are achieved using a 1 nm thick high quality dielectric, thulium silicate (TmSiO), as the first insulator layer, and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a high electron affinity second layer insulator. We also confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach in a full GBT structure which shows dramatic improvement in the collector on-state current density with respect to the previously reported GBTs. The device design and the fabrication scheme have been selected with future CMOS process compatibility in mind. This work proposes a bilayer tunnel barrier approach as a promising candidate to be used in high performance vertical graphene-based tunneling devices. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1717873115 | Human bony labyrinth is an indicator of population history and dispersal from Africa | The dispersal of modern humans from Africa is now well documented with genetic data that track population history, as well as gene flow between populations. Phenetic skeletal data, such as cranial and pelvic morphologies, also exhibit a dispersal-from-Africa signal, which, however, tends to be blurred by the effects of local adaptation and in vivo phenotypic plasticity, and that is often deteriorated by postmortem damage to skeletal remains. These complexities raise the question of which skeletal structures most effectively track neutral population history. The cavity system of the inner ear (the so-called bony labyrinth) is a good candidate structure for such analyses. It is already fully formed by birth, which minimizes postnatal phenotypic plasticity, and it is generally well preserved in archaeological samples. Here we use morphometric data of the bony labyrinth to show that it is a surprisingly good marker of the global dispersal of modern humans from Africa. Labyrinthine morphology tracks genetic distances and geography in accordance with an isolation-by-distance model with dispersal from Africa. Our data further indicate that the neutral-like pattern of variation is compatible with stabilizing selection on labyrinth morphology. Given the increasingly important role of the petrous bone for ancient DNA recovery from archaeological specimens, we encourage researchers to acquire 3D morphological data of the inner ear structures before any invasive sampling. Such data will constitute an important archive of phenotypic variation in present and past populations, and will permit individual-based genotype–phenotype comparisons. | [
"Earth System Science",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
W4226187170 | Control of the Effect of Human Activities as a Confounding Variable in a Study Conducted within the Influence Zone of Highway 40d in Mexico | Roads cause disturbances to wildlife from the beginning of their construction and once the road is in operation, people usually make use of the habitats, reducing the quality of these. Added to this are the effects caused by light and noise from vehicles. These propagate through the land adjacent to the road causing changes in the use that fauna make of the habitat. This led us to ask ourselves what attributes inherent to the road and the terrain influence the vertebrate fauna and what factors associated with human activities can be considered as confounding variables for the interpretation of the results? The study was conducted in the proximity of the Durango - Mazatlan (40D) highway in Mexico. Three paired areas were selected where signs of wildlife presence were recorded during spring and fall from 2018 to 2020 and these data were used as response variable. We used as explanatory variables the inherent characteristics of the natural terrain and the road, as well as those related to human presence in the habitat. GLM's were adjusted to determine the influence of these on our response variable. We found that the inherent variables of the road and terrain have a significant influence on the number of faunal traces found. The method used allowed us to identify and distinguish the influence that human activities exert on the fauna within the road's influence zone. The differential way in which organisms respond to human presence and activity makes it difficult to isolate this effect from the one we wish to evaluate, such as that of the road. Therefore, it is suggested that the variables used in this study be used as a control measure of this effect in the work carried out in the proximity of roads. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-0716-0227-0_4 | Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride Cleavage In Boc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis | Solid phase peptide synthesis using tert-butyloxycarbonyl/benzyl chemistry (Boc-SPPS) is important for producing peptides for fundamental research as well as for clinical use. During Boc-SPPS, liquid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) is used to remove the side chain protecting groups of the assembled peptide and to release it from the resin. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for "HF cleavage," aiming to improve accessibility and the use of this valuable and well-validated technique. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1111/nyas.12387 | The role of lymph node sinus macrophages in host defense | Strategically positioned along lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes act as filter stations preventing systemic pathogen dissemination; they are primary sites of innate immune responses and provide the staging grounds for the generation of adaptive immunity. Critical mediators of these lymph node functions are two phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of macrophages: the subcapsular sinus macrophages and the medullary macrophages. This review focuses on the phenotype and function of these lymph node sinus-resident macrophages and summarizes methods for their proper identification and experimental manipulation. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
852096 | Fundamental Building Blocks – Understanding plasticity in complex crystals based on their simplest, intergrown units | New structural materials with higher strength and temperature capabilities are the key enablers of sustain-able energy conversion and transport technology of the future.
The question is: How do we find those central high-performers combining high strength and the essential deformability giving safety in application?
It is the aim of FUNBLOCKS to provide the first systematic studies of plasticity mechanisms in the most fundamental building blocks of complex crystals. These will allow us to deduce the missing basic mechanisms and signatures of plasticity. FUNBLOCKS will take a new approach by studying the much simpler sub-units that form the multitude of more complex crystals with large unit cells amongst the intermetallics. This has three major implications: i) the reduction to fundamental units allows suffi-cient time to unravel the major deformation mechanisms to the atomic level, ii) the recurrent nature of the few fundamental building blocks will allow a transfer of this knowledge to a large number of complex phases and iii) together, this will enable data mining from the vast and largely unexplored phase space of intermetallics.
The key aspect of FUNBLOCKS is therefore to close the existing gap in knowledge and allow us to find promising new phases by elucidating the fundamental relationships between crystal structure and plasticity beyond what we know in simple metals. To identify and quantify the intrinsic mechanical properties of each sub-unit, state-of-the-art micromechanical testing techniques will be used. Transfer of data and verification of the central hypothesis, that fundamental units govern plasticity in complex crystals, will be achieved via additional alloyed crystals forming ternary variants of the binary structures.
Ultimately, FUNBLOCKS will answer fundamental questions in plasticity, most prominently the interplay of deformation and structure in complex crystals, and thereby support the development of new high performance materials. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
983326 | Uncovering molecular mechanisms of active transcriptional repression. | Animal development and homeostasis critically depend on the accurate regulation of gene expression, which includes the silencing of genes that should not be active. Silencing or repression of transcription is mediated by a specific class of transcription factors termed repressors that, typically via the recruitment of co-repressors, can dominantly suppress transcription, even in the presence of activating cues. While the importance of such “active repression” is emphasized by severe developmental defects and diseases like cancer that can result when repressors are mutated, how repressors function is not well understood. In particular, how repression is achieved mechanistically and whether all repressors can repress all activators has remained elusive. Here, I propose to study the functional properties of repressors and the mechanisms of active repression by an interdisciplinary approach that combines genome-wide experiments, targeted assays, and bioinformatics. Specifically, I will use high-throughput functional assays in combination with the Gal4/UAS system to systematically test whether transcriptional repressors can repress all active promoters and enhancers or only specific ones but not others. Further, I aim to uncover the mechanisms behind active repression by recruiting repressors to active promoters and enhancers in a rapidly inducible manner, using chemically-inducible-proximity, to then assess the changes to DNA accessibility, histone modifications, and Pol II activity. In addition, I will measure differential protein composition and PTMs at active genomic regions, before and during induced repression. These approaches should identify critical molecular events, proteins, or PTMs and allow me to test their causal involvement in repression. This project has the potential to greatly improve our mechanistic understanding of transcriptional repression, which despite its importance for gene expression, development and disease has remained poorly understood. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W1974712377 | Molecular and serological in-herd prevalence of Anaplasma marginale infection in Texas cattle | Bovine anaplasmosis is an infectious, non-contagious disease caused by the rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma marginale (A. marginale). The organism has a global distribution and infects erythrocytes, resulting in anemia, jaundice, fever, abortions and death. Once infected, animals remain carriers for life. The carrier status provides immunity to clinical disease, but is problematic if infected and naïve cattle are comingled. Knowledge of infection prevalence and spatial distribution is important in disease management. The objective of this study was to assess A. marginale infection in-herd prevalence in Texas cattle using both molecular and serological methods. Blood samples from 11 cattle herds within Texas were collected and analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Samples from experimentally infected animals were also analyzed and RT-qPCR detected A. marginale infection up to 15 days before cELISA, providing empirical data to support the interpretation of herd prevalence results. Herds with high prevalence were located in the north Texas Rolling Plains and west Trans-Pecos Desert, with RT-qPCR prevalence as high as 82% and cELISA prevalence as high as 88%. Overall prevalence was significantly higher in cattle in north and west Texas compared to cattle in east Texas (p<0.0001 for prevalence based on both RT-qPCR and cELISA). The overall RT-qPCR and cELISA results exhibited 90% agreement (kappa=0.79) and provide the first A. marginale infection prevalence study for Texas cattle using two diagnostic methods. Since cattle are the most important reservoir host for A. marginale and can serve as a source of infection for tick and mechanical transmission, information on infection prevalence is beneficial in the development of prevention and control strategies. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2121375821 | Narrow noise band detection in a complex masker: Masking level difference due to harmonicity | Three experiments investigated listeners' ability to detect a narrow band of noise, centered on one partial of a random-phase complex tone, as a function of inharmonicity. Inharmonicity was generated by randomly mistuning the partial frequencies from a 100-Hz fundamental frequency (F0). In experiment 1, masked detection thresholds were lower when the masker was harmonic than when it was inharmonic for target bands in the range 0.5-2.5 kHz. The presence of this masking level difference due to harmonicity (HMLD) in regions of resolved partials and the reduction of the HMLD with increasing center frequency did not support the idea that HMLD was primarily caused by the envelope modulations produced by the beating of unresolved partials within an auditory filter. In experiment 2, masker mistunings ranging beyond 12% of the F0 disrupted the HMLD while smaller mistunings gave thresholds similar to a harmonic masker. In experiment 3, all partials contributed to some extent to the HMLD, but the harmonicity of partials neighboring the target had a greater influence than distant partials. The observed HMLDs can best be accounted for by a mechanism of harmonic cancellation. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201321570 | Planck 2015 Results Ii Low Frequency Instrument Data Processing | We describe the processing of the 531 billion raw data samples from the High Frequency Instrument (hereafter HFI), which we performed to produce six temperature maps from the first 473 days of Planck-HFI survey data. These maps provide an accurate rendition of the sky emission at 100, 143, 217, 353, 545, and 857 GHz with an angular resolution ranging from 9. 7 to 4. 6 arcmin. The detector noise per (effective) beam solid angle is respectively, 10, 6, 12 and 39 microKelvin in HFI four lowest frequency channel (100--353 GHz) and 13 and 14 kJy/sr for the 545 and 857 GHz channels. Using the 143 GHz channel as a reference, these two high frequency channels are intercalibrated within 5% and the 353 GHz relative calibration is at the percent level. The 100 and 217 GHz channels, which together with the 143 GHz channel determine the high-multipole part of the CMB power spectrum (50 < l <2500), are intercalibrated at better than 0. 2 %. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1364/OE.23.013358 | Magnitude And Phase Resolved Infrared Vibrational Nanospectroscopy With A Swept Quantum Cascade Laser | We demonstrate a method of rapidly acquiring background-free infrared near-field spectra by combining magnitude and phase resolved scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) with a wavelength-swept quantum cascade laser (QCL). Background-free measurement of both near-field magnitude and phase allows for direct comparison with far-field absorption spectra, making the technique particularly useful for rapid and straightforward nanoscale material identification. Our experimental setup is based on the commonly used pseudo-heterodyne detection scheme, which we modify by operating the interferometer in the white light position; we show this adjustment to be critical for measurement repeatability. As a proof-of-principle experiment we measure the near-field spectrum between 1690 and 1750 cm(-1) of a PMMA disc with a spectral resolution of 1. 5 cm(-1). We finish by chemically identifying two fibers on a sample surface by gathering their spectra between 1570 and 1750 cm(-1), each with a measurement time of less than 2. 5 minutes. Our method offers the possibility of performing both nanoscale-resolved point spectroscopy and monochromatic imaging with a single laser that is capable of wavelength-sweeping. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1126/sciadv.aat9618 | Transient exciton-polariton dynamics in WSe2by ultrafast near-field imaging | Van der Waals (vdW) materials offer an exciting platform for strong light-matter interaction enabled by their polaritonic modes and the associated deep subwavelength light confinement. Semiconductor vdW materials such as WSe2are of particular interest for photonic and quantum integrated technologies because they sustain visible–near-infrared (VIS-NIR) exciton-polariton (EP) modes at room temperature. Here, we develop a unique spatiotemporal imaging technique at the femtosecond-nanometric scale and observe the EP dynamics in WSe2waveguides. Our method, based on a novel ultrafast broadband intrapulse pump-probe near-field imaging, allows direct visualization of EP formation and propagation in WSe2showing, at room temperature, ultraslow EP with a group velocity ofvg~ 0. 017c. Our imaging method paves the way for in situ ultrafast coherent control and extreme spatiotemporal imaging of condensed matter. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
682383 | Enabling Hydrogen-enriched burner technology for gas turbines through advanced measurement and simulation | A major impediment to the economic viability of carbon-free renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power is an inability to effectively utilize the power they generate if it is not immediately needed. One option to address this is to use excess generator capacity during off-peak demand periods to produce hydrogen (H2), a high energy-content, carbon-free fuel that can be mixed with natural gas and distributed to end-users via existing natural gas pipeline infrastructure, where its energy content is recovered via combustion in conventional gas-turbine (GT) power plants. H2-enrichment, however, dramatically alters the combustion dynamics of natural-gas and its effect on turbulent flame dynamics, combustion stability and pollutant formation in GT combustors is not well enough understood today for this scenario to be safely implemented with existing power plants.
The objective of this study is to facilitate Europe’s transition to a reliable and cost-effective energy system based on carbon-free renewable power generation. It will accomplish this by developing advanced laser measurement techniques for use in high-pressure combustion test facilities and using them to acquire the data necessary to develop robust predictive analysis tools for hydrogen-enriched natural gas combustor technology. This data will analyzed in close collaboration with the simulation and modelling teams and used to rigorously test and validate combustion models and predictive analysis tools currently under development. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1212/WNL.0000000000000172 | Clinical Characteristics And Outcome Of Brain Abscess Systematic Review And Meta Analysis | Objective: To define clinical characteristics, causative organisms, and outcome, and evaluate trends in epidemiology and outcome of brain abscesses over the past 60 years. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on brain abscesses published between 1970 and March 2013. Studies were included if they reported at least 10 patients with brain abscesses, included less than 50% extra-axial CNS infections (empyema) without brain abscess, and did not solely report on brain abscesses caused by a single pathogen. Results: We identified 123 studies including 9,699 patients reported between 1935 and 2012. There was a male predominance of 2. 4 to 1, and the mean age of patients with brain abscesses was 34 years. The most common causative microorganisms were Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species, comprising 2,000 (34%) and 1,076 (18%) of 5,894 cultured bacteria. Geographical distribution of causative microorganisms over continents was similar and did not substantially change over the past 60 years. Predisposing conditions were present in 8,134 of 9,484 patients (86%) and mostly consisted of contiguous or metastatic foci of infection. The classic triad of fever, headache, and focal neurologic deficits was present in 131 of 668 (20%) of patients. Case fatality rate decreased from 40% to 10% over the past 5 decades, while the rate of patients with full recovery increased from 33% to 70%. Conclusions: The prognosis of patients with brain abscesses has gradually improved over the past 60 years. Important changes over time were the modality of cranial imaging, neurosurgical technique, and antimicrobial regimen. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2020033788 | On complete spacelike hypersurfaces with two distinct principal curvatures in Lorentz–Minkowski space | We investigate complete spacelike hypersurfaces in Lorentz–Minkowski space with two distinct principal curvatures and constant m th mean curvature. By using Otsuki’s idea, we obtain the global classification result. As their applications, we obtain some characterizations for hyperbolic cylinders. We prove that the only complete spacelike hypersurfaces in Lorentz–Minkowski ( n + 1 ) -spaces ( n ≥ 3 ) of nonzero constant m th mean curvature ( m ≤ n − 1 ) with two distinct principal curvatures λ and μ satisfying inf ( λ − μ ) 2 > 0 are the hyperbolic cylinders. We also obtain a global characterization for hyperbolic cylinder H n − 1 ( c ) × R in terms of square length of the second fundamental form. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
interreg_966 | Stakeholder oriented flood risk assessment for the Danube floodplains | The Danube River is one of the most important natural axes in South-East-Europe. It links most of the countries in the SEE area. Thus the improvement and good examples of transnational cooperation of all countries at this river will be a brilliant signal for the whole region. This project has a far reaching strategic focus beyond risk management and could become a flagship project for the SEE programme. It will improve safer sustainable conditions for living environment and economy in the Danube floodplains. It integrates stakeholders and different acting groups and disciplines. Flood risk increases with ongoing climate change. Risk reduction in large international river basins can only be achieved through transnational, interdisciplinary and stakeholder oriented approaches within the framework of a joint transnational project. Practice has shown that starting this kind of cooperation is extremely difficult, due to practical, political and financial reasons. If incentives exist, like the transnational cooperation programme, the start up can be successful. The long term process will be self-running after the starting phase. The DANUBE FLOODRISK project focuses on the most cost-effective measures for flood risk reduction: risk assessment, risk mapping, involvement of stakeholders, risk reduction by adequate spatial planning. The project will bring together scientists, public servants, NGOs and stakeholders who develop jointly a scalable system of flood risk maps for the Danube River floodplains. Transnational methodology and models will be defined and implemented for flood risk assessment and mapping. This results in proposals for flood mitigation measures, adjustments of spatial development plans, assessment tools for economic development in flood plains and raised awareness of flood risk of stakeholders, politicians, planners and the public. Infrastructures at risk like industry, power stations and supply infrastructure will be considered in the project. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201423668 | Real Time Calibration Of The Aartfaac Array For Transient Detection | The search for transient phenomena at low radio frequencies is now coming of age with the development of radio sky monitors with a large field of view, which are made feasible by new developments in calibration algorithms and computing. However, accurate calibration of such arrays is challenging, especially within the latency requirements of near real-time transient monitors, and is the main cause of limiting their sensitivities. This paper describes a strategy for real-time, wide-field direction-dependent calibration of the Amsterdam-ASTRON Radio Transients Facility and Analysis Center (AARTFAAC) array, which is a sensitive, continuously available all-sky monitor based on the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR). The monitor operates in a zenith pointing, snapshot imaging mode for image plane detection of bright radio transients. We show that a tracking calibration approach with solution propagation satisfiesour latency, computing, and calibration accuracy constraints. Wecharacterize theinstrument and verifythe calibration strategy under a variety of observing conditions. This brings out several phenomena, which can bias the calibration. The real-time nature of the application further imposes strict latency and computational constraints. We find that although ionosphere-induced phase errors present a major impediment to accurate calibration, these can be corrected in the direction of the brightest few sources to significantly improve image quality. Our real-timecalibration pipeline implementation processes a single spectral channel of a snapshot observation in ∼0. 2 s on test hardware, which is well within its latency budget. Autonomously calibrating and imaging one second snapshots, our approach leads to a typical image noise of ∼10 Jy for a ∼90 kHz channel, reaching dynamic ranges of ∼2000:1. We also show that difference imaging allows thermal-noise limited transient detection, despite the instrument being confusion-noise limited. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.07.003 | From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions: The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900–2015 | The size and structure of the socioeconomic metabolism are key for the planet's sustainability. In this article, we provide a consistent assessment of the development of material flows through the global economy in the period 1900–2015 using material flow accounting in combination with results from dynamic stock-flow modelling. Based on this approach, we can trace materials from extraction to their use, their accumulation in in-use stocks and finally to outflows of wastes and emissions and provide a comprehensive picture of the evolution of societies metabolism during global industrialization. This enables outlooks on inflows and outflows, which environmental policy makers require for pursuing strategies towards a more sustainable resource use. Over the whole time period, we observe a growth in global material extraction by a factor of 12 to 89 Gt/yr. A shift from materials for dissipative use to stock building materials resulted in a massive increase of in-use stocks of materials to 961 Gt in 2015. Since materials increasingly accumulate in stocks, outflows of wastes are growing at a slower pace than inputs. In 2015, outflows amounted to 58 Gt/yr, of which 35% were solid wastes and 25% emissions, the reminder being excrements, dissipative use and water vapor. Our results indicate a significant acceleration of global material flows since the beginning of the 21st century. We show that this acceleration, which took off in 2002, was not a short-term phenomenon but continues since more than a decade. Between 2002 and 2015, global material extraction increased by 53% in spite of the 2008 economic crisis. Based on detailed data on material stocks and flows and information on their long-term historic development, we make a rough estimate of what a global convergence of metabolic patterns at the current level in industrialized countries paired with a continuation of past efficiency gains might imply for global material demand. We find that in such a scenario until 2050 average global metabolic rates double to 22 t/cap/yr and material extraction increases to around 218 Gt/yr. Overall the analysis indicates a grand challenge calling for urgent action, fostering a continuous and considerable reduction of material flows to acceptable levels. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1038/onc.2014.300 | Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 induces a pro-tumourigenic increase of miR-210 in lung adenocarcinoma cells and their exosomes | Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) recently emerged as a pro-metastatic factor highly associated with poor prognosis in a number of cancers. This correlation seemed paradox as TIMP-1 is best described as an inhibitor of pro-tumourigenic matrix metalloproteinases. Only recently, TIMP-1 has been revealed as a signalling molecule that can regulate cancer progression independent of its inhibitory properties. In the present study, we demonstrate that an increase of both exogenous and endogenous TIMP-1 led to the upregulation of miR-210 in a CD63/PI3K/AKT/HIF-1-dependent pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. TIMP-1 induced P110/P85 PI3K-signalling and AKT phosphorylation. It also led to increase of HIF-1α protein levels positively correlating with HIF-1-regulated mRNA expression and upregulation of the microRNA miR-210. Downstream targets of miR-210, namely FGFRL1, E2F3, VMP-1, RAD52 and SDHD, were decreased in the presence of TIMP-1. Upon the overexpression of TIMP-1 in tumour cells, miR-210 was accumulated in exosomes in vitro and in vivo. These exosomes promoted tube formation activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs), which was reflected in increased angiogenesis in A549L-derived tumour xenografts. Activation and elevation of PI3K, AKT, HIF-1A and miR-210 in tumours additionally confirmed our in vitro data. This new pro-tumourigenic signalling function of TIMP-1 may explain why elevated TIMP-1 levels in lung cancer patients are highly correlated with poor prognosis. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.018 | Distinct Compartmentalization of the Chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 and the Atypical Receptor ACKR1 Determine Discrete Stages of Neutrophil Diapedesis | Girbl et al. find that sequential interactions with the chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 guide neutrophil crawling and subsequent migration through venular walls during inflammation. Transmigrating neutrophils promoted unidirectional luminal-to-abluminal migration by depositing CXCL2 on the chemokine receptor ACKR1 at endothelial junctions, providing a paradigm of self-guided migration. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2969622131 | Enhancing the Environmental Impact Assessment for the Foreign Direct Investment Regime in Vietnam: an Analysis from Integration Perspective | Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in the economic growth of Vietnam, contributing to nearly 22 per cent of the GDP. To attract FDI the government has committed to promoting investment climate and ensuring FDI protection under various international arrangements. FDI inflows into the manufacturing and processing sectors have seen a strong increase after Vietnam’s successful accession to the WTO. However, FDI also contributes to various environmental problems and challenges in Vietnam. From 2008 to 2017, most serious environmental disputes related to manufacturing activities were caused by FDI enterprises. The sanctions against FDI enterprises, however, may jeopardise the state’s responsibilities under investment protection treaties. One of the few realistic approaches to strengthening the environmental management of FDI is to promote the participation of the public in the environmental risk assessment and amend the investment treaties to regulate the issue of environment management. This study will adopt an integrative approach by integrating the rules and principles of environmental management into the FDI regime of Vietnam. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-16-0108 | Olaparib, monotherapy or with ionizing radiation, exacerbates DNA damage in normal tissues: Insights from a new p21 reporter mouse | Many drugs targeting the DNA damage response are being developed as anticancer therapies, either as single agents or in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) or other cytotoxic agents. Numerous clinical trials in this area are either in progress or planned. However, concerns remain about the potential of such treatments to increase toxicity to normal tissues. In order to address this issue, a novel reporter mouse line was created through the simultaneous incorporation of multiple reporters, β-galactosidase, and firefly luciferase, into the DNA damage-inducible p21 (CDKN1A) locus. The data demonstrate that in situ β-galactosidase staining facilitates high fidelity mapping of p21 expression across multiple organs and tissues at single-cell resolution, whereas the luciferase reporter permits noninvasive bioluminescent imaging of p21 expression. This model was used to determine the capacity of a number of DNA-damaging agents, including IR, cisplatin, and etoposide to induce p21 expression in normal tissues. In addition, the PARP inhibitor olaparib was examined alone or in combination with IR as well as cisplatin. A single exposure to olaparib alone caused DNA damage to cells in the mucosal layer lining mouse large intestine. It also exacerbated DNA damage induced in this organ and the kidney by coadministered IR. These studies suggest that olaparib has carcinogenic potential and illustrate the power of this new model to evaluate the safety of new therapeutic regimens involving combination therapies. Implications: Olaparib causes DNA damage to normal tissues and might be a carcinogen. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W65748200 | Expression and characterization of the recombinant Trichoderma virens endochitinase Cht2 | An endochitinase, Cht2, from Trichoderma virens UKM1 was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, and its biochemical properties were characterized. Both the cht2 gene and its cDNA have been cloned and sequenced, the endochitinase gene cht2 encodes 321 amino acids from an open reading frame comprised of an 1169 bp nucleotide sequence separated by three introns. Cht2 is predicted to be an extracellular enzyme due to the presence of a signal peptide of 20 amino acids. Cht2 cDNA was cloned into the pPICZaC expression vector under the regulation of a methanol-inducing a promoter and transformed into P. pastoris X33. Expression in P. pastoris showed that the recombinant Cht2 was secreted into the culture medium with a protein size of approximately 35 kDa when induced with 0.5% methanol. Biochemical characterization of the partially purified enzyme showed a specific enzyme activity of 1.34 U/mg towards colloidal chitin at a pH of 6.0 and at a temperature of 35° C. The enzyme showed optimal activity at this pH and temperature and also showed higher affinity toward colloidal chitin in comparison to glycol chitin. It is stable in the pH range of 5.0 - 7.0 and in the temperature range of 30 - 55° C, where it retained more than 70% of its residual activity. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.15184/aqy.2017.140 | Islands of history: the Late Neolithic timescape of Orkney | Abstract | [
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.4310/PAMQ.2015.v11.n4.a3 | The hypergeometric functions of the faber-zagier and pixton relations | The relations in the tautological ring of the moduli space Mg of nonsingular curves conjectured by Faber-Zagier in 2000 and extended to the moduli space Mg,n of stable curves by Pixton in 2012 are based upon two hypergeometric series A and B. The question of the geometric origins of these series has been solved in at least two ways (via the Frobenius structures associated to 3-spin curves and to P1). The series A and B also appear in the study of descendent integration on the moduli spaces of open and closed curves. We survey here the various occurrences of A and B starting from their appearance in the asymptotic expansion of the Airy function (calculated by Stokes in the 19th century). Several open questions are proposed. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1029/2012JD017522 | Nitrogenated and aliphatic organic vapors as possible drivers for marine secondary organic aerosol growth | Measurements of marine aerosol chemistry, using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, as well as aerosol microphysics, hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity were undertaken during new particle growth events. The events were detected in air advecting over North East (NE) Atlantic waters during the EUCAARI Intensive Observation Period in June 2008 at Mace Head, Ireland. During these growth events, the aerosol mass spectrometers illustrated increases in accumulation mode aerosol phase nitrogenated and aliphatic compounds thought to condense from the gas phase. Since the composition changes observed in the accumulation mode occurred simultaneously to the growth of the accumulation, Aitken and nucleation modes, the growth of both the nucleation mode and the Aitken mode is attributed to the condensation of these species. Nitrogenated compounds like amines are also plausible candidates in the nucleation process, as suggested by quantum mechanic calculations. It is also plausible that amides and organic nitrites, also identified by the mass spectrometers, are possible candidate chemical compounds, suggesting that multiple types of chemical species may be contributing. Given that these open ocean aerosol formation and growth events occur in very clean polar marine air masses, we suggest that the organic compounds responsible for particle formation and growth are mainly of biogenic origin. Despite increasing the particle number concentration, the initial effect is to suppress hygroscopicity and CCN activity. All Rights Reserved. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-29436-6_28 | Induction In Saturation Based Proof Search | Many applications of theorem proving, for example program verification and analysis, require first-order reasoning with both quantifiers and theories such as arithmetic and datatypes. There is no complete procedure for reasoning in such theories but the state-of-the-art in automated theorem proving is still able to reason effectively with real-world problems from this rich domain. In this paper we contribute to a missing part of the puzzle: automated induction inside a saturation-based theorem prover. Our goal is to incorporate lightweight automated induction in a way that complements the saturation-based approach, allowing us to solve problems requiring a combination of first-order reasoning, theory reasoning, and inductive reasoning. We implement a number of techniques and heuristics and evaluate them within the Vampire theorem prover. Our results show that these new techniques enjoy practical success on real-world problems. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
820124 | Knowledge based design of complex synthetic microbial communities for plant protection | Complex microbial communities (""microbiota"") that populate surfaces of higher organisms critically impact health of their hosts: They contribute to vital functions such as host fitness, nutrient acquisition, stress tolerance and pathogen resistance but are, at the same time, reservoirs for facultative pathogens or can promote pathogenesis. How and why communities shift from a beneficial to a detrimental state is largely unknown and we are far from utilizing identified mechanisms.
In order to cure detrimental microbiota, that were damaged or reverted through stress factors including previous diseases, decoding the complex processes governing microbiota dynamics is a key challenge. To develop durable probiotics, communal stability or the ability of a community to return to a steady state following perturbation is a key factor.
Our lab has broad expertise in studying microbial communities through lab experiments and analyzing factors that shape the microbiota of Arabidopsis thaliana plants under natural conditions and common garden experiments. We have discovered a hierarchical order in microbial community networks with hub microbes as key elements. A recent breakthrough was the discovery of microbial taxa that persist throughout the life of A. thaliana plants and their importance in network stability.
In this project we will use our expertise to identify key stability factors and drivers of communal dynamics to reconstitute synthetic communities. How to seed microbial communities that develop into functional probiotics is a key challenge. We will use knowledge based assembly of complex communities to seeds protective microbiota. We will challenge those through pathogens and abiotic factors to refine and test the predictive power of our analyses. Therefore, DeCoCt represents a highly innovative approach that holds the potential to gain novel insights beyond the current scope of microbiota and probiotics research. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.3390/galaxies6030086 | Molecular Data Needs for Modelling AGB Stellar Winds and Other Molecular Environments | The modern era of highly sensitive telescopes is enabling the detection of more and more molecular species in various astronomical environments. Many of these are now being carefully examined for the first time. However, to move beyond detection to more detailed analysis such as radiative transfer modelling, certain molecular properties need to be properly measured and calculated. The importance of contributions from vibrationally excited states or collisional (de-)excitations can vary greatly, depending on the specific molecule and the environment being studied. Here, we discuss the present molecular data needs for detailed radiative transfer modelling of observations of molecular rotational transitions, primarily in the (sub-)millimetre and adjacent regimes, and with a focus on the stellar winds of AGB stars. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
AU 2007/001467 W | POST REMOVAL DEVICE | A post removal device (10), including a support (11 ), and a lever (12) which is rotatable about a fulcrum (13). The lever (12) extends on either side of the fulcrum (13) to define a first portion (14) and a second portion (15), whereby downward movement of the first portion (14) results in upward movement of the second portion (15). The second portion (15) is connected to a gripping arrangement (19) which includes a pair of post grippers (23), which are movable during rotation of the lever (12), from an open condition to a gripping condition. The extent of rotational movement of the lever (12) is sufficient for the grippers (23) to move from the open condition to the gripping condition and for the gripping arrangement (19) to be lifted with the grippers (23) in the gripping condition for lifting a post. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.3982/ECTA10876 | The Economics Of Density Evidence From The Berlin Wall | This paper develops a quantitative model of internal city structure that features agglomeration and dispersion forces and an arbitrary number of heterogeneous city blocks. The model remains tractable and amenable to empirical analysis because of stochastic shocks to commuting decisions, which yield a gravity equation for commuting flows. To structurally estimate agglomeration and dispersion forces, we use data on thousands of city blocks in Berlin for 1936, 1986, and 2006 and exogenous variation from the city's division and reunification. We estimate substantial and highly localized production and residential externalities. We show that the model with the estimated agglomeration parameters can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the observed changes in city structure. We show how our quantitative framework can be used to undertake counterfactuals for changes in the organization of economic activity within cities in response, for example, to changes in the transport network. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
3726859 | Transformations of latin astronomy, 1000-1250 | The research aim of this Fellowship is to advance scholarly and public understanding of Europe’s role in the history of pre-modern science and the precise nature of its intellectual debts to the Islamic world. It will do so thorough investigating the development of medieval European astronomy in the watershed period from 1000 to 1250 based on an analysis of unpublished or neglected sources. The two interlocking themes of this investigation will be (i) the role of observation in medieval astronomy and (ii) the ways in which Latin astronomers assimilated new knowledge from Islamic sources as well as their motivations for doing so. In order to address these questions, the Researcher, Philipp Nothaft, will be based at the History Department of Trinity College Dublin, where he will work under the supervision of Dr. Immo Warntjes, an expert in medieval scientific manuscripts. The duration of the fellowship is 24 months, during which time the Researcher will acquire transferable skills in the areas of Digital Humanities, manuscript research, and research project management. He will also be able to gain experience in academic teaching and receive further training through programmes provided by TCD’s Centre for Academic Practice & eLearning (CAPSL) and Research Development Office. Together, these measures will fundamentally improve his career prospects and employability. The fellowship will be critical in enabling the Researcher to acquire the research and professional expertise necessary to attain his career goal of becoming an international leader in research on the history of science in pre-modern Europe. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
W1983492406 | Immersion of 17-Methyltestosterone Dose&Duration on Tilapia Masculinization | Thirty five Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L. 1758) eggs or fry at the ages of 2 and 14 days post fertilization (dpf) were randomly selected and put into a 1L plastic bottle incubator. These were then immersed either in 0, 250 or 500μg/L of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96h separately. Controls were established using eggs or fry at the same age groups immersed only in ethanol (250μL/L) instead of MT at the same amount and duration. At the end of the treatment, they were washed and nursed in 10L plastic containers and 100L glass aquaria which were replenished with water according to their growth. They were fed with 40% protein pellet until 62 - 65dpf then dissected for gonadal sex determination using aceto-carmine squash method. The results showed that both the 250 and 500μg/L MT induced (P | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1177/0022343317712576 | Words and deeds | Dissidents can choose among different tactics to redress political grievances, yet violent and nonviolent mobilization tend to be studied in isolation. We examine why some countries see the emergence of organized dissident activity over governmental claims, and why in some cases these organizational claims result in civil wars or nonviolent campaigns, while others see no large-scale collective action. We develop a two-stage theoretical framework examining the organized articulation of political grievance and then large-scale violent and nonviolent collective action. We test implications of this framework using new data on governmental incompatibilities in a random sample of 101 states from 1960 to 2012. We show that factors such as demography, economic development, and civil society have differential effects on these different stages and outcomes of mobilization. We demonstrate that the common finding that anocracies are more prone to civil war primarily stems from such regimes being more prone to see maximalist political demands that could lead to violent mobilization, depending on other factors conducive to creating focused military capacity. We find that non-democracy generally promotes nonviolent campaigns as anocracies and autocracies are both more likely to experience claims and more prone to nonviolent campaigns, conditional on claims. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1002/jmri.25833 | Spatial distribution of flow and oxygenation in the cerebral venous drainage system | Purpose: To investigate the venous oxygenation and flow in the brain, and determine how they might change under challenged states. Materials and Methods: Eight healthy human subjects (24–37 years) were studied. T 2 -relaxation under spin tagging (TRUST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and phase-contrast MRI were performed to measure venous oxygenation and venous blood flow, respectively, in the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), the straight sinus (SS), and the internal jugular veins (IJVs). Venous oxygenation was assessed at room air (0. 03%CO 2 , 21%O 2 ) and under hyperoxia (O%CO 2 , 95%O 2 , and 5%N 2 ) conditions. Venous blood flow was assessed at room air and under hypercapnia (5%CO 2 , 21%O 2 , and 74%N 2 ) conditions. Whole-brain blood flow was also measured at the four feeding arteries of the brain using phase-contrast MRI. The changes in venous oxygenation and blood flow from room air to hyperoxia or hypercapnia conditions were tested using paired t-tests. Results: Venous oxygenation in the SSS, the SS, and the IJVs was 61 ± 4%, 64 ± 4%, and 62 ± 4%, respectively, at room air, and increased to 70 ± 3% (P < 0. 01 compared to room air), 71 ± 5% (P = 0. 59), and 68 ± 5% (P < 0. 05) under hyperoxic condition. The SSS, SS, and IJV drained 46 ± 9%, 16 ± 4%, and 79 ± 1% of whole-brain blood flow, respectively, and this flow distribution did not change under hypercapnic condition (P > 0. 5). Conclusion: The results found in this study provide insight into the venous oxygenation and venous flow distribution and its heterogeneity among different venous structures. Level of Evidence: 1. Technical Efficacy: Stage 1. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1091–1098. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms13973 | Signature of type-II Weyl semimetal phase in MoTe 2 | Topological Weyl semimetal (TWS), a new state of quantum matter, has sparked enormous research interest recently. Possessing unique Weyl fermions in the bulk and Fermi arcs on the surface, TWSs offer a rare platform for realizing many exotic physical phenomena. TWSs can be classified into type-I that respect Lorentz symmetry and type-II that do not. Here, we directly visualize the electronic structure of MoTe 2, a recently proposed type-II TWS. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we unravel the unique surface Fermi arcs, in good agreement with our ab initio calculations that have nontrivial topological nature. Our work not only leads to new understandings of the unusual properties discovered in this family of compounds, but also allows for the further exploration of exotic properties and practical applications of type-II TWSs, as well as the interplay between superconductivity (MoTe 2 was discovered to be superconducting recently) and their topological order. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1021/jacs.9b13507 | Covalent C-N Bond Formation through a Surface Catalyzed Thermal Cyclodehydrogenation | The integration of substitutional dopants at predetermined positions along the hexagonal lattice of graphene-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is a critical tool in the design of functional electronic materials. Here, we report the unusually mild thermally induced oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of dianthryl pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxalines to form the four covalent C-N bonds in tetraazateranthene on Au(111) and Ag(111) surfaces. Bond-resolved scanning probe microscopy, differential conductance spectroscopy, along with first-principles calculations unambiguously confirm the structural assignment. Detailed mechanistic analysis based on ab initio density functional theory calculations reveals a stepwise mechanism featuring a rate determining barrier of only ΔE⧧ = 0. 6 eV, consistent with the experimentally observed reaction conditions. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-33226-6 | Multimodal Brain Image Analysis And Mathematical Foundations Of Computational Anatomy | This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Multimodal Brain Image Analysis, MBAI 2019, and the 7th International Workshop on Mathematical Foundations of Computational Anatomy, MFCA 2019, held in conjunction with the 22nd International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2019, in Shenzhen, China, in October 2019. The 16 full papers presented at MBAI 2019 and the 7 full papers presented at MFCA 2019 were carefully reviewed and selected. The MBAI papers intend to move forward the state of the art in multimodal brain image analysis, in terms of analysis methodologies, algorithms, software systems, validation approaches, benchmark datasets, neuroscience, and clinical applications. The MFCA papers are devoted to statistical and geometrical methods for modeling the variability of biological shapes. The goal is to foster the interactions between the mathematical community around shapes and the MICCAI community around computational anatomy applications. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W219815317 | Diseño de integración de los sistemas de gestión de seguridad física y calidad al sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud modelo Ecuador, con enfoque a una cadena de supermercados. | In the Supermarket Chain, on which the present study was designed, the concept of security was managed through a general approach and limited only to physical security. The era of the standardization of managerial business systems in which we are immersed and the need to manage those systems in an effective and coordinated way in order to take advantage of the resources, puts nowadays the concept of integration.
This document describes the analysis of the elements of safety and health, quality and physical safety systems in order to design an integrated system through a software tool that operates in real time and assists to the effectiveness and efficiency of all the operations in the company.
The work was done in all areas of the company with the support of people involved, and is based on the systems of health and safety management Model Ecuador. A comparative analysis of all the four pillars of this system versus the management systems in physical safety and quality was conducted.
The results were that the elements of the technical management in each system are unique; the elements of the administrative management, human skills and operational processes are mostly integrated, but in several cases it is necessary to develop and document them.
In conclusion this study identified activities and processes that are compatible, complementary and particular, associated with health and safety, quality and physical safety management, allowing design an integrated management system. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003987 | How Anacetrapib Inhibits the Activity of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein? Perspective through Atomistic Simulations | Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates the reciprocal transfer of neutral lipids (cholesteryl esters, triglycerides) and phospholipids between different lipoprotein fractions in human blood plasma. A novel molecular agent known as anacetrapib has been shown to inhibit CETP activity and thereby raise high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and decrease low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, thus rendering CETP inhibition an attractive target to prevent and treat the development of various cardiovascular diseases. Our objective in this work is to use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to shed light on the inhibitory mechanism of anacetrapib and unlock the interactions between the drug and CETP. The results show an evident affinity of anacetrapib towards the concave surface of CETP, and especially towards the region of the N-terminal tunnel opening. The primary binding site of anacetrapib turns out to reside in the tunnel inside CETP, near the residues surrounding the N-terminal opening. Free energy calculations show that when anacetrapib resides in this area, it hinders the ability of cholesteryl ester to diffuse out from CETP. The simulations further bring out the ability of anacetrapib to regulate the structure-function relationships of phospholipids and helix X, the latter representing the structural region of CETP important to the process of neutral lipid exchange with lipoproteins. Altogether, the simulations propose CETP inhibition to be realized when anacetrapib is transferred into the lipid binding pocket. The novel insight gained in this study has potential use in the development of new molecular agents capable of preventing the progression of cardiovascular diseases. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1088/1538-3873/aadbf3 | The transiting exoplanet community early release science program for JWST | The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) presents the opportunity to transform our understanding of planets and the origins of life by revealing the atmospheric compositions, structures, and dynamics of transiting exoplanets in unprecedented detail. However, the high-precision, timeseries observations required for such investigations have unique technical challenges, and prior experience with Hubble, Spitzer, and other facilities indicates that there will be a steep learning curve when JWST becomes operational. In this paper, we describe the science objectives and detailed plans of the Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science (ERS) Program, which is a recently approved program for JWST observations early in Cycle 1. We also describe the simulations used to establish the program. The goal of this project, for which the obtained data will have no exclusive access period, is to accelerate the acquisition and diffusion of technical expertise for transiting exoplanet observations with JWST, while also providing a compelling set of representative data sets that will enable immediate scientific breakthroughs. The Transiting Exoplanet Community ERS Program will exercise the timeseries modes of all four JWST instruments that have been identified as the consensus highest priorities, observe the full suite of transiting planet characterization geometries (transits, eclipses, and phase curves), and target planets with host stars that span an illustrative range of brightnesses. The observations in this program were defined through an inclusive and transparent process that had participation from JWST instrument experts and international leaders in transiting exoplanet studies. The targets have been vetted with previous measurements, will be observable early in the mission, and have exceptional scientific merit. Community engagement in the project will be centered on a twophase Data Challenge that culminates with the delivery of planetary spectra, timeseries instrument performance reports, and open-source data analysis toolkits in time to inform the agenda for Cycle 2 of the JWST mission. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/1132516.1132602 | Bounded Error Quantum State Identification And Exponential Separations In Communication Complexity | We consider the problem of bounded-error quantum state identification: given either state α0 or state α1, we are required to output '0', '1' or 'DONO' ("don't know"), such that conditioned on outputting '0' or '1', our guess is correct with high probability. The goal is to maximize the probability of not outputting 'DONO'. We prove a direct product theorem: if we're given two such problems, with optimal probabilities a and b, respectively, and the states in the first problem are pure, then the optimal probability for the joint bounded-error state identification problem is O(ab). Our proof is based on semidefinite programming duality and may be of wider interest. Using this result, we present two exponential separations in the simultaneous message passing model of communication complexity. First, we describe a relation that can be computed with O(log n) classical bits of communication in the presence of shared randomness, but needs Ω(n1/3) communication if the parties don't share randomness, even if communication is quantum. This shows the optimality of Yao's recent exponential simulation of shared-randomness protocols by quantum protocols without shared randomness. Second, we describe a relation that can be computed with O(log n) classical bits of communication in the presence of shared entanglement, but needs Ω((n/log n)1/3) communication if the parties share randomness but no entanglement, even if communication is quantum. This is the first example in communication complexity where entanglement buys you much more than quantum communication does. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W1972419871 | Classically scale-invariant B-L model and dilaton gravity | We consider a coupling of dilaton gravity to the classically scale-invariant B-L extended standard model which has been recently proposed as a phenomenologically viable model realizing the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism of breakdown of the electroweak symmetry. It is shown in the present model that without recourse to the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, the B-L gauge symmetry is broken in the process of spontaneous symmetry breakdown of scale invariance at the tree level and as a result the B-L gauge field becomes massive via the Higgs mechanism. Since the dimensionful parameter is only the Planck mass in our model, one is forced to pick up very small coupling constants if one wishes to realize the breaking of the B-L symmetry at TeV scale. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-40084-1_10 | Encoding Functions With Constant Online Rate Or How To Compress Garbled Circuits Keys | Randomized encodings of functions can be used to replace a “complex” function f(x) by a “simpler” randomized mapping \(\hat{f}(x;r)\) whose output distribution on an input x encodes the value of f(x) and hides any other information about x. One desirable feature of randomized encodings is low online complexity. That is, the goal is to obtain a randomized encoding \(\hat{f}\) of f in which most of the output can be precomputed and published before seeing the input x. When the input x is available, it remains to publish only a short string \(\hat{x}\), where the online complexity of computing \(\hat{x}\) is independent of (and is typically much smaller than) the complexity of computing f. Yao’s garbled circuit construction gives rise to such randomized encodings in which the online part \(\hat{x}\) consists of n encryption keys of length κ each, where n = |x| and κ is a security parameter. Thus, the online rate \(|\hat{x}|/|x|\) of this encoding is proportional to the security parameter κ. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W404277369 | Peritoneal dialysis for extremely low birth weight infants | Objective: We determined the mortality ratio and risk factors of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Methods: PD was performed in 14 ELBW infants (9 males and 5 females) from 1997 to 2010, out of more than 151 total ELBW infants seen during that period. Treatment with PD fluid was started at 10 ml/kg and gradually increased to 40 ml/kg checking for leakage and hyperglycemia, with a storage time of 60-90 min/cycle continuing for 24 hours. Results: Fourteen ELBW infants were treated, 9 of whom were successfully weaned (6 infants died within several weeks after discontinuation and 3 survived). The mortality rate of patients treated with PD (9.2% of all ELBWI infants) was 79%. Patients that had complications involving fewer organs survived. All patients who received PD and suffered from intracranial hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, or disseminated intravascular coagulation died. Among the 7 patients with patent ductus arteriosus for whom PD was performed, 6 died. Among the 3 patients with pulmonary hemorrhage for whom PD was performed, 2 died. Patients who survived were weaned off PD within 6 days. The side effects of treatment included hyperglycemia, peritonitis, leakage of the PD fluid, and catheter obstruction. Conclusions: Mortality of ELBW infants with AKI is quite high because patients' organs are immature and, therefore, often have other organ failures; however, PD itself can be performed safely. Starting PD treatment before the onset of anuria may improve the survival rate of ELBW infants with AKI. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01765.x | Soil nutrient heterogeneity modulates ecosystem responses to changes in the identity and richness of plant functional groups | Recent research has shown that biodiversity may have its greatest impact on ecosystem functioning in heterogeneous environments. However, the role of soil heterogeneity as a modulator of ecosystem responses to changes in biodiversity remains poorly understood, as few biodiversity studies have explicitly considered this important ecosystem feature. We conducted a microcosm experiment over two growing seasons to evaluate the joint effects of changes in plant functional groups (grasses, legumes, non-legume forbs and a combination of them), spatial distribution of soil nutrients (homogeneous and heterogeneous) and nutrient availability (50 and 100mg of nitrogen (N) added as organic material) on plant productivity and surrogates of carbon, phosphorous and N cycling (β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase enzymes and in situ N availability, respectively). Soil nutrient heterogeneity interacted with nutrient availability and plant functional diversity to determine productivity and nutrient cycling responses. All the functional groups exhibited precise root foraging patterns. Above- and below-ground productivity increased under heterogeneous nutrient supply. Surrogates of nutrient cycling were not directly affected by soil nutrient heterogeneity. Regardless of their above- and below-ground biomass, legumes increased the availability of soil inorganic N and the activity of the acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase enzymes. Our study emphasizes the role of soil nutrient heterogeneity as a modulator of ecosystem responses to changes in functional diversity beyond the species level. Functional group identity, rather than richness, can play a key role in determining the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning. Synthesis. Our results highlight the importance of explicitly considering soil heterogeneity in diversity-ecosystem functioning experiments, where the identity of the plant functional group is of major importance. Such consideration will improve our ability to fully understand the role of plant diversity on ecosystem functioning in ubiquitous heterogeneous environments. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W327553996 | Formation, composition, structure, and catalytic activity in CO oxidation of SiO 2 + TiO 2 /Ti composite before and after modification by MnO x or CoO x | Abstract The composition and structure of SiO 2 + TiO 2 oxide layers formed on titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and MO x (M = Co or Mn) + SiO 2 + TiO 2 /Ti composites fabricated on their basis using impregnation and annealing methods have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that silicon and titanium are rather homogeneously distributed within the SiO 2 + TiO 2 coating bulk. In the galvanostatic process mode, the titanium/silicon ratio in the coating bulk can be controlled by the current density value. The coating outer part is silicon-enriched and titanium-depleted. The MnO x + SiO 2 + TiO 2 /Ti composites catalyze the CO oxidation into CO 2 at temperatures above 100 °C, whereas the CoO x + SiO 2 + TiO 2 /Ti composites do the same above 200 °C. Nanosized particles have been found on the surface of the composites under study: for CoO x + SiO 2 + TiO 2 /Ti — granules of a diameter of a few dozen nm; for MnO x + SiO 2 + TiO 2 /Ti — nanowhiskers consisting predominantly of manganese oxides. The obtained oxide catalysts are promising for testing as catalysts of redox reactions, including titanium-based microreactors. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2056530779 | Well-posedness of the modified Camassa–Holm equation in Besov spaces | In this paper, we consider the modified Camassa–Holm equation of the form
$$y_t + 2 u_x y + uy_x = 0, \quad y = (1 - \partial_x^2)^{2}u.$$
We prove that the Cauchy problem for this equation is locally well-posed in the critical Besov space \({B_{2, 1}^{7/2}}\) or in \({B_{p, r}^{s}}\) with \({1\leq p, r\leq + \infty}\), \({s > \max\{3 + 1/p, 7/2\}}\). Particularly, our method used to prove the local well-posedness in \({B_{2, 1}^{7/2}}\) is different from the previous one used in critical Besov space which involves extracting a convergent subsequence from an iterative sequence. We also prove that if a weaker \({B_{p, r}^q}\)-topology is used, then the solution map becomes Holder continuous. Furthermore, we obtain the peakon-like solution which enable us to prove the ill-posedness in \({B_{2, \infty}^{7/2}}\). Finally, when \({x \in \mathbb{T} = \mathbb{R}/2 \pi \mathbb{Z}}\), we show that the solution map is not uniformly continuous in \({B_{2, r}^{s}}\) with \({1\leq r\leq \infty}\) and \({s > 7/2}\) or \({r = 1, s = 7/2}\). | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
EP 0200925 W | LINEAR GUIDE FOR MACHINE ELEMENTS MOVING RELATIVE TO ONE ANOTHER | The invention relates to a linear guide for machine elements moving relative to one another, for example a carriage guide for machine tools, said guide containing a machine bed (1) as stationary machine element and a carriage (2) as movable machine element, which is supported by rolling bodies on the tracks in the machine bed (1) in such a way that it can move longitudinally. According to the invention, several axial roller bearings (3) having two rolling rings or rolling discs and a set of rolling bodies located between the latter are arranged in the carriage (2). At least one of said rolling discs culminates in a bushing and is retained in the carriage (2) while the other rolling disc is configured in the shape of a dome and is supported with its convex dome surface on the adjacent surface of the machine bed (1), wherein the central axis of the bushing is offset at an angle relative to the normal line of the surface of the machine bed (1). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1202174109 | Amino acid starvation induces reactivation of silenced transgenes and latent HIV-1 provirus via down-regulation of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) | The epigenetic silencing of exogenous transcriptional units integrated into the genome represents a critical problem both for long-term gene therapy efficacy and for the eradication of latent viral infections. We report here that limitation of essential amino acids, such as methionine and cysteine, causes selective up-regulation of exogenous transgene expression in mammalian cells. Prolonged amino acid deprivation led to significant and reversible increase in the expression levels of stably integrated transgenes transcribed by means of viral or human promoters in HeLa cells. This phenomenon was mediated by epigenetic chromatin modifications, because histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors reproduced starvation- induced transgene up-regulation, and transcriptome analysis, ChIP, and pharmacological and RNAi approaches revealed that a specific class II HDAC, namely HDAC4, plays a critical role in maintaining the silencing of exogenous transgenes. This mechanism was also operational in cells chronically infected with HIV-1, the etiological agent of AIDS, in a latency state. Indeed, both amino acid starvation and pharmacological inhibition of HDAC4 promoted reactivation of HIV-1 transcription and reverse transcriptase activity production in HDAC4 + ACH-2 T-lymphocytic cells but not in HDAC4 - U1 promonocytic cells. Thus, amino acid deprivation leads to transcriptional derepression of silenced transgenes, including integrated plasmids and retroviruses, by a process involving inactivation or down-regulation of HDAC4. These findings suggest that selective targeting of HDAC4 might represent a unique strategy for modulating the expression of therapeutic viral vectors, as well as that of integrated HIV-1 proviruses in latent reservoirs without significant cytotoxicity. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
W1974305380 | Structural Visualization of Mitotic Cycle by Three-Dimensional Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB-SEM) with Nanoscale Resolution at Whole Cell Level | To understand the frontier Biosciences, it is also important to observe the three-dimensional structure of biological molecules in cells and tissue. We describe a new biological application of FIB-SEM, which is normally used to visualize metals and ceramics surface, for the 3D reconstruction of an entire cell at a nanoscale resolution that lies between those of EM tomography and X-ray tomography.We used FIB-SEM to visualize the 3D architecture of Cyanidioschyzon merolae (C. marolae) , which is thinking as the primitive unicellular red algae. C. marolae is the only eukaryotic organism which can control its chloroplast, mitochondria and cell division by light/dark adjustment. Because cell division is expected a basis of life, we can know the basic mechanism of eukaryotic cells by examining the structure of C. merolae in each division process. Our system could image simple individual double-membrane organelles like nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria, and single-membrane organelles like the ER, Golgi, lysosome and peroxisome inside C. merolae of 2-5 μm in length. We stained C. merolae cells with Hoechst 33342 and visualized them by fluorescence microscopy, succeeding to resolve the DNA of the chloroplast, mitochondria and cell nucleus. The position of the chloroplast was determined by the autofluorescence. Cells can be classified into five types (correspond by G1, S, G2 early, G2 late, M-phase) based on differences in shape, size and distribution of the organelles during mitosis. By effective synchronizing cells to a 6-h light/18-h dark cycle according to Moriyama T. et al. (Microbiology , 156 , 1730-7, 2010) with some modifications, we obtained > 70% S/M-phase cells. We will show you 3-D surface models of the different C. merolae cell types from the obtained sequential 2D-SEM images. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1063/1.4976518 | Markov State Models From Short Non Equilibrium Simulations Analysis And Correction Of Estimation Bias | Many state of the art methods for the thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of large and complex biomolecular systems by simulation rely on ensemble approaches, where data from large numbers of relatively short trajectories are integrated. In this context, Markov state models (MSMs) are extremely popular because they can be used to compute stationary quantities and long-time kinetics from ensembles of short simulations, provided that these short simulations are in "local equilibrium" within the MSM states. However, in the last over 15 years since the inception of MSMs, it has been controversially discussed and not yet been answered how deviations from local equilibrium can be detected, whether these deviations induce a practical bias in MSM estimation, and how to correct for them. In this paper, we address these issues: We systematically analyze the estimation of Markov state models (MSMs) from short non-equilibrium simulations, and we provide an expression for the error between unbiased transition probabilities and the expected estimate from many short simulations. We show that the unbiased MSM estimate can be obtained even from relatively short non-equilibrium simulations in the limit of long lag times and good discretization. Further, we exploit observable operator model (OOM) theory to derive an unbiased estimator for the MSM transition matrix that corrects for the effect of starting out of equilibrium, even when short lag times are used. Finally, we show how the OOM framework can be used to estimate the exact eigenvalues or relaxation timescales of the system without estimating an MSM transition matrix, which allows us to practically assess the discretization quality of the MSM. Applications to model systems and molecular dynamics simulation data of alanine dipeptide are included for illustration. The improved MSM estimator is implemented in PyEMMA as of version 2. 3. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2122426952 | Control and data flow compatibility in the interaction between dynamic business processes | In the coming years, one of the challenges for business processes is to obtain a high degree of flexibility and ability to adapt to the changing contexts. Two key elements for achieving this are the use of Semantic Web technologies and the possibility of decoupling the business and the interaction aspects in a business process. Nevertheless, these solutions open up new challenges related to the necessity of checking whether a set of processes can successfully cooperate. Compatibility questions should be considered from a control flow point of view (the order of the interactions should be appropriate) and also from a data flow point of view (the information exchanged should be—semantically—adequate). In this paper, we concentrate on the compatibility of a set of processes executed in DENEB, a platform for the Development and ExecutioN of wEB processes based on the Net-within-Nets formalism and that follows a conversational approach. More specifically, this paper examines whether a set of interactions among a set of processes is compatible and also whether a given (imposed) interaction logic is compatible with a given business logic. Processes and their interactions have been semantically enhanced by means of domain ontologies and compatibility questions are studied using standard Petri net analysis techniques. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/ICCV.2013.259 | Ensemble Projection For Semi Supervised Image Classification | This paper investigates the problem of semi-supervised classification. Unlike previous methods to regularize classifying boundaries with unlabeled data, our method learns a new image representation from all available data (labeled and unlabeled) and performs plain supervised learning with the new feature. In particular, an ensemble of image prototype sets are sampled automatically from the available data, to represent a rich set of visual categories/attributes. Discriminative functions are then learned on these prototype sets, and image are represented by the concatenation of their projected values onto the prototypes (similarities to them) for further classification. Experiments on four standard datasets show three interesting phenomena: (1) our method consistently outperforms previous methods for semi-supervised image classification, (2) our method lets itself combine well with these methods, and (3) our method works well for self-taught image classification where unlabeled data are not coming from the same distribution as labeled ones, but rather from a random collection of images. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.msea.2019.138305 | Pt-20Rh dispersion strengthened by ZrO<inf>2</inf> - Microstructure and strength | Pt-20Rh dispersion strengthened by ZrO2 particles in different volume fractions has been produced by consolidation of milled powder which has been internally oxidized. The microstructure has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy; tensile properties have been determined at RT and 1000 °C. The Pt-20Rh matrix is subdivided on the submicrometer scale by low angle dislocation boundaries and high angle boundaries. ZrO2 particles with sizes in the range 5–35 nm are uniformly distributed and with increasing volume fraction the flow stress increases and at 0. 9% it is doubled both at RT and at 1000 °C. Based on the superposition of particle and matrix strengthening, the flow stress has been calculated and good accord has been found with experiment both at RT and 1000 °C. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
835180 | Rome and the Coinages of the Mediterranean: 200 BCE to 64 CE | Silver coinage formed the backbone of state finance in Classical antiquity. The fineness and quality of a coinage is often taken by historians to be a comment on the fiscal health of the issuing state, yet very little is really known about its fineness and chemical composition, and many of the existing analyses are inadequate to answer key questions. Samples for analysis are commonly taken from the surfaces, or from just beneath the surfaces, of silver coins, and these are not representative of the original alloys used, leading to erroneous estimates of overall composition. The aim of the project is to examine financial and monetary strategies from c. 150 BCE to a major coin reform in c. 64 CE – a period that witnessed the creation of an overarching currency for the Mediterranean world and increasing monetisation – by providing a detailed and reliable set of analyses of the chemical composition of all major silver coinages of the period, obtained by taking samples from deep within the coins. It will also evaluate two new, non-destructive techniques to see how they compare with established protocols. The period witnessed a major increase in long distance trade and probably also economic growth and a rise in per capita income. Roman conquest led to greater economic and monetary integration of the Mediterranean area, and Rome’s apparent currency monopoly may have had its own consequences for the development of coinage and management of finances. Flows of precious metals to Rome and other important centres of power helped to finance Roman expansion, and understanding the chemical composition of silver coinage will transform our understanding of Roman monetary strategy as an instrument of imperialism. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1057/9780230299382_4 | Migration And The Machine Readable Body Identification And Biometrics | Since time immemorial, migrants and travellers have been the subject of surveillance by governments and authorities. Wherever an authority’s jurisdiction is delimited by territorial borders, those that cross the borders whilst travelling remove themselves from the authority exercised in the area they are leaving only to enter a new area where their status is as yet unclear. They do not belong to this local community so, initially, they fall outside the powers exerted by the local authority. That is why it is very important for the authorities to find ways to gain control over migrants and travellers. One of the most important means of doing this is establishing identities and issuing documents proving these identities and the associated status as a member/non-member of the community. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
340915 | Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) from “Vaccinobacter”: A Synthetic Biology approach for effective vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer | This proposal intends to apply Synthetic Biology to create a new bacterial species, Vaccinobacter, devoted to the production of multivalent, highly effective vaccines. The project originates from the evidence that Outer membrane Vesicles (OMVs) naturally produced by all Gram-negative bacteria can induce remarkable protective immunity, a property already exploited to develop anti-Neisseria vaccines now available for human use. OMV protection is mediated by the abundance of Pathogen-Associated-Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), known to play a key role in stimulating innate immunity. Moreover, OMVs can be engineered by delivering recombinant proteins to bacterial periplasm and outer membrane. Intrinsic adjuvanticity and propensity to be manipulated potentially make OMVs an ideal vaccine platform, particularly indicated when antigen combinations (for pathogens with genetic variability) and strong potentiation of immunity (for the elderly and cancer) are needed. However, full exploitation of OMVs as vaccines is prevented by: i) presence of potentially reactogenic compounds such as LPS, virulence factors, and toxins, ii) presence of several irrelevant proteins, which dilute immune responses, iii) lack of broadly applicable molecular tools to load OMVs with foreign antigens. Scope of the project is to provide novel solutions to solve these limitations and demonstrate the unique performance OMVs as vaccines by testing them on complex pathogens and cancer. Main project activities are: 1) remodelling of E. coli genome to create “Vaccinobacter”, a “living factory” of OMVs deprived of all unnecessary components but carrying the relevant immune potentiators, 2) characterization and optimization of the immune stimulatory properties of OMVs, 3) development of novel methods to incorporate foreign antigens into Vaccinobacter-derived OMVs, 4) loading of OMVs with selected pathogen- and cancer-derived antigens and demonstration of their protective efficacy in appropriate animal models. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/s00182-014-0442-x | Waiting times in evolutionary dynamics with time-decreasing noise | Expected waiting times for equilibrium selection are exponentially increasing as the noise level goes to zero in evolutionary models with time-constant noise, raising questions about whether the history independent prediction of equilibrium selection is relevant in economic and social studies. However, by using the theoretical results on simulated annealing, we show that expected waiting times in models with time-decreasing noise need not tend toward infinity in the small noise limit. Our model thus describes conditions under which the waiting-time critique of the predictions of stochastic stability theory may have less force. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1002/fld.3983 | A two-dimensional numerical scheme of dry/wet fronts for the Saint-Venant system of shallow water equations | We propose a new two-dimensional numerical scheme to solve the Saint-Venant system of shallow water equations in the presence of partially flooded cells. Our method is well balanced, positivity preserving, and handles dry states. The latter is ensured by using the draining time step technique in the time integration process, which guarantees non-negative water depths. Unlike previous schemes, our technique does not generate high velocities at the dry/wet boundaries, which are responsible for small time step sizes and slow simulation runs. We prove that the new scheme preserves 'lake at rest' steady states and guarantees the positivity of the computed fluid depth in the partially flooded cells. We test the new scheme, along with another recent scheme from the literature, against the analytical solution for a parabolic basin and show the improved simulation performance of the new scheme for two real-world scenarios. | [
"Mathematics",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
interreg_1759 | Improvement the effectiveness of regional development policies in eco-INNovation for smart hOme and independent liVing to increase the quality of life of Aging people | INNOVAge aims to increase the effectiveness of regional development policies in the field of eco-independent living for elderly by networking and mentoring activities at regional and interreg.level.
Ageing is considered part of an overall strategy of mutually reinforced INNOVATION policies and regional competitiveness.Ageing poses significant challenges to regions dependent on traditional policy division of competencies and traditional industries:demographic trend demands innovative policy approach,strengthening creative interaction in the knowledge triangle(business-private-research);from economic point of view,intelligent home solutions means cutting local edge techn- and system-level approach to design new electromechanical systems merging mechanical,electrical control and embedded software design.
Recognizing the important role of ICT in dealing with these challenges,pj focuses on:1.INDEPENDENT LIVING:aim at helping elderly people to live independently for longer in their homes,
increasing their autonomy and assisting them in carrying out their daily activities.2.ECO INNOVATION applied to SMART&SUSTAINABLE HOME:making smart choices,home becomes more accessible and comfortable for elderly,with a valuable contribution to minimize the environmental impact of daily life.
Despite the potential of independent living and relative eco-innovation solutions,its benefits and technical maturity are still limited.INNOVAge turns abovementioned requirements into strength matching more innovative Partners(Mentoring group)with less innovative(Learning Group).15 partners from 14 EU countries join INNOVAge representing innovation driven clusters,regional authorities and technical partners with highexperience in the project field.
Project foresees following main activities:1.identification-selection of GP as learning process that not only share experiences but also transferring them,re-design policies and approaches to be more innovative,users needs centric and multidisciplinary
2.activities supporting the exchange of Good Practice,promoting the innovation driven cluster governance model to overcome traditional lack of cooperation between triple helix actors,to integrate policies-research in a multidisciplinary approach.Strategic partnership are the core of clustering governance model where policy solutions to support independent living are elaborated according to Open Method of Coordination.Strategic partnership are build up through the following activities:n.14 regional INNOVATION HUB to link regional authorities to innov.stakeholders,to PP’s InnoHubs and to EU inno. driven clusters;n.6 WORKSHOP to engage innovation stakeholders;n.5 STUDY VISIT,open to external technical expertise from LG’regions;n.3 INTERREG.TRAINING SESSION to support policymakers to better understand their requirements and facilitates the transfer of GP,relative success and durability
3.comm.activities supporting pj through information+publicity activities to ensure pj results disseminat. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
947684 | Understanding the causal nature of the relationship between infertility and cardiovascular disease | The burden of infertility is high across Europe. Modest evidence indicates that infertile couples might have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but several questions need clarification to establish a cause-and-effect relationship. This includes understanding: whether both infertile men and women have an increased risk of CVD; how well-known risk factors for CVD (blood-pressure, body-mass index, cholesterol and smoking) relate to infertility; whether there exists common genetic determinants of infertility and CVD; and whether the connection between infertility and CVD in women can be explained by the use of assisted reproductive technologies or pregnancy complications. These questions will be answered by the INFERTILITY project. The working hypothesis of INFERTILITY is that both infertile men and women have an increased risk of CVD, and that this might at least partly reflect a greater burden of CVD risk factors. I will test this by using data from cohort studies and national health registries in Norway and the United Kingdom. I will use genetic markers as instrumental variables to establish the relationship between CVD risk factors and infertility. This is vital to understand whether infertile couples truly have an increased risk of CVD or whether infertility instead reflects a pre-existing propensity for CVD. I will conduct a genome-wide association study of infertility and identify overlapping genetic markers between any findings from this investigation and published studies of CVD. The INFERTILITY project will also clarify whether offspring cardiometabolic health trajectories differ according to parental fertility problems. This will highlight whether any relationship between infertility and CVD also crosses generations. The INFERTILITY project will elucidate whether infertile couples should be followed more closely to mitigate their risk of CVD and whether interventions targeting well-known CVD risk factors could reduce the burden of infertility. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00234 | Restoring Light Sensitivity in Blind Retinae Using a Photochromic AMPA Receptor Agonist | Retinal degenerative diseases can have many possible causes and are currently difficult to treat. As an alternative to therapies that require genetic manipulation or the implantation of electronic devices, photopharmacology has emerged as a viable approach to restore visual responses. Here, we present a new photopharmacological strategy that relies on a photoswitchable excitatory amino acid, ATA. This freely diffusible molecule selectively activates AMPA receptors in a light-dependent fashion. It primarily acts on amacrine and retinal ganglion cells, although a minor effect on bipolar cells has been observed. As such, it complements previous pharmacological approaches based on photochromic channel blockers and increases the potential of photopharmacology in vision restoration. (Figure Presented). | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
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