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10.1007/JHEP06(2016)008 | Gamma Ray Excess And The Minimal Dark Matter Model | We point out that the gamma-ray excesses in the galactic center and in the dwarf galaxy Reticulum II can both be well explained within the simplest dark matter model. We find that the corresponding regions of parameter space will be tested by direct and indirect dark matter searches in the near future. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1002/adfm.202005045 | Molecular Functionalization of Chemically Active Defects in WSe<inf>2</inf> for Enhanced Opto-Electronics | Structural defects are known to worsen electrical and optical properties of 2D materials. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are prone to chalcogen vacancies and molecular functionalization of these vacancies offers a powerful strategy to engineer the crystal structure by healing such defects. This molecular approach can effectively improve physical properties of 2D materials and optimize the performance of 2D electronic devices. While this strategy has been successfully exploited to heal vacancies in sulfides, its viability on selenides based TMDs has not yet been proven. Here, by using thiophenol molecules to functionalize monolayer WSe2 surface containing Se vacancies, it is demonstrated that the defect healing via molecular approach not only improves the performance of WSe2 transistors (> tenfold increase in the current density, the electron mobility, and the Ion/Ioff ratio), but also enhances the photoluminescence properties of monolayer WSe2 flakes (threefold increase of photoluminescence intensity at room temperature). Theoretical calculations elucidate the mechanism of molecular passivation, which originates from the strong interaction between thiol functional group at Se vacancy sites and neighboring tungsten atoms. These results demonstrate that the molecular approach represents a powerful strategy to engineer WSe2 transistors and optimize their optical properties, paving the way toward high-performance 2D (opto)electronic devices. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
interreg_1025 | Extension of the Danube Limes - UNESCO World Heritage in the Lower Danube | The former frontiers of the Roman Empire are set to become the world´s biggest single archaeological site. UNESCO World Heritage Site status is now in prospect for the frontiers as a whole. The enlargement of the existing World Heritage property - already inscribed are three Limes sections in UK and DE plus the prospective new SK and HU candidates for 2012/2013 - with new nominations in the Lower Danube countries is an excellent and most respected tool to achieve the long-term protection of the Limes sites. The World Heritage designation on the Danube Limes heritage would also ensure a proper and adaquate utilization of the cultural heritage resources and a massive increase in awareness raising. The overall objectives are to extend the multinational serial World Heritage Property into the Lower Danube countries. Expected results are new Danube Limes nomination documents, UNESCO Tentative List Entries and nomination documents on samples areas. A second focus lays on the development of an overall marketing strategy for the prospective extension of the World Heritage into all Danube countries. To the present day there is no closer cooperation between individual Limes regions or cross border collaboration. Final result of those activities is a concrete joint action plan on the development of a common cultural route, an additional tourist destination and a cultural brand for the whole Danube Limes. Most partners are involved in another action, the definition and development of visualization, conservation and presentation concepts for various Limes sample areas: in most prominent central urban context (MUOP-Bratislava/SK)/, well developed tourism destination (DANUNI-Hollenburg Wachau/AT), in urban regional centers (AMO-Osijek/HR), in rural surroundings (NAIM-to be selected/BG) in very remote areas (AISANU-Viminacium and Pontes/SRB). Final results are various planning concepts for the local and regional development and exploitation of the Limes heritage, which can be adopted afterwards by other partners and sites. Partners in HR, SRB, BG and RO will define their WH property and buffer zone on sample areas and sites according to the experiences and results of the former CE project on the Danube Limes in HU and SK. Best practise examples on local/regional/national protection strategies and property management and monitoring principles will help to prepare an adequate long-term protection. All project partners will define general premises on the exploitation of the Limes heritage. The Limes heritage needs to be seen as a product in the view of different target groups (tourists, investors, local inhabitants). It is essential to create local/regional and/or national focusses, visions and slogans for further exploitation and marketing measures to be compared, discussed and harmonized in a general Danube Limes marketing strategy. A revelation of various marketing channels, possibilities of promotion including media observation will be part of the activities. Additional possibilities for service improvement and training in the topics of touristic presentation and economy will be explored. The action will be finalised with the development of a concrete joint action plan to create a common identity with added value for individual regions. Regional planning activities will start with the definition of framework conditions and the elaboration of individual role models for the exploitation concept on the cultural heritage according to the existing environment will be done. All Project partners work towards the development of individual operational plans and promotion actions for the visualization, conservation and presentation of the their archaeological site(s). Some of the presentation and conservation measures recommended in the concept will be implemented in AT, SK, HU, HR, SRB, BG and RO. They will act as individual role models for other Danube Limes sites and sections. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1093/sysbio/sys070 | The evolutionary root of flowering plants | Correct rooting of the angiosperm radiation is both challenging and necessary for understanding the origins and evolution of physiological and phenotypic traits in flowering plants. The problem is known to be difficult due to the large genetic distance separating flowering plants from other seed plants and the sparse taxon sampling among basal angiosperms. Here, we provide further evidence for concern over substitution model misspecification in analyses of chloroplast DNA sequences. We show that support for Amborella as the sole representative of the most basal angiosperm lineage is founded on sequence site patterns poorly described by time-reversible substitution models. Improving the fit between sequence data and substitution model identifies Trithuria, Nymphaeaceae, and Amborella as surviving relatives of the most basal lineage of flowering plants. This finding indicates that aquatic and herbaceous species dominate the earliest extant lineage of flowering plants. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W4210339786 | ‘Guariqueña FL’: Nuevo cultivar de arroz de riego para Venezuela | La variedad de arroz GUARIQUEÑA FL es un nuevo producto tecnológico obtenido en el marco del convenio INIA-FUNDARROZ, Venezuela. Fue derivada de un cruce triple realizado por el Fondo Latinoamericano y del Caribe para Arroz de Riego (FLAR) en el año 2004, utilizando como progenitores a FL01028-8P-3-2P-1P-M-2X-3P-1P / FL03188-7P-5-3P-3P-M-1P // FL02764-3P-3-4P-2P-M-1P-M-M-1P. La primera etapa de evaluación y selección del material (hasta la etapa F5), fue realizada en Colombia utilizando el método genealógico o pedigree. En Venezuela llega en el Vivero de introducciones del FLAR en el año 2007, siendo evaluada por el equipo técnico de arroz del INIA en diferentes localidades de Barinas, Portuguesa y Guárico hasta el año 2015. En paralelo, se llevó a cabo las actividades tendientes a la obtención de semilla genética a partir de la semilla original recibida del FLAR, mediante los ensayos de purificación y estabilización. El cultivar fue inscrito en SENASEM en el año 2016, siendo evaluado en los EVACs de los ciclos seco 2016-2017, lluvioso 2017, seco 2017-2018 y seco 2018-2019. Fue liberada en el mercado nacional de Venezuela en el año 2020. La variedad Guariqueña FL se caracteriza por presentar alta resistencia a escaldado (Monographella albescens), helminstosporium (Cochiobolus miyabeanus), manchado de grano (Complejo de hongos) y sogata (Tagosodes orizicolus); resistencia a piricularia (Magnaporthe grisea) de hoja y cuello y resistencia intermedia al virus de la hoja blanca. Posee un potencial de rendimiento superior a los 11.000 kg/ha, el cual debido a una alta capacidad de macollamiento, panículas densas que pueden superar los 200 granos por panícula, con fertilidad superior al 89 %, no aristados, con peso de mil semillas secas de 29,5 g. Este material presenta tolerancia al vuelco, desgrane y retraso de cosecha. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/mmi.13899 | The dual role of MamB in magnetosome membrane assembly and magnetite biomineralization | Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 synthesizes membrane-enclosed magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, magnetosomes, for magnetotaxis. Formation of these organelles involves a complex process comprising key steps which are governed by specific magnetosome-associated proteins. MamB, a cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family member has been implicated in magnetosome-directed iron transport. However, deletion mutagenesis studies revealed that MamB is essential for the formation of magnetosome membrane vesicles, but its precise role remains elusive. In this study, we employed a multi-disciplinary approach to define the role of MamB during magnetosome formation. Using site-directed mutagenesis complemented by structural analyses, fluorescence microscopy and cryo-electron tomography, we show that MamB is most likely an active magnetosome-directed transporter serving two distinct, yet essential functions. First, MamB initiates magnetosome vesicle formation in a transport-independent process, probably by serving as a landmark protein. Second, MamB transport activity is required for magnetite nucleation. Furthermore, by determining the crystal structure of the MamB cytosolic C-terminal domain, we also provide mechanistic insight into transport regulation. Additionally, we present evidence that magnetosome vesicle growth and chain formation are independent of magnetite nucleation and magnetic interactions respectively. Together, our data provide novel insight into the role of the key bifunctional magnetosome protein MamB, and the early steps of magnetosome formation. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
ES 286522 A | Improvements in needle screed apparatus (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) | "Improvements in needle tracer devices" for the movement according to the sample of the healds, by palpating a sample cardboard by palpating needles, during the forward and backward movement of the loom, where a heald machine for the The movement of the healds is transmitted impulses through push rods, characterized in that there are several supports that each carry a palpating needle and each a locking bar, and that are each housed in a swinging lever that rotates against the force of a spring radially in relation to the drum that carries the sample cardboard, turning the oscillating levers driven by the continuous operation of the loom in radial direction to the drum that carries the cartons for the drive of the push rod connected to the machine of healds, and that fixed position supports are available for the blocking bars to prevent the movement of rotation of the pal They are oscillating in such a way that the locking bar of the supports, which are seated by the palpating needles on the sample cardboard, are outside the range of reach of the supports, and because the palpator needles do not settle, because a hole in the sample cardboard, the blocking bars are in the area of attack of the supports. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-018-30736-8 | Attentional Selection of Social Features Persists Despite Restricted Bottom-Up Information and Affects Temporal Viewing Dynamics | Previous studies have shown an attentional bias towards social features during free-viewing of naturalistic scenes. This social attention seems to be reflexive and able to defy top-down demands in form of explicit search tasks. However, the question remains whether social features continue to be prioritized when peripheral information is limited, thereby reducing the influence of bottom-up image information on gaze orienting. Therefore, we established a gaze-contingent viewing paradigm, in which the visual field was constrained and updated in response to the viewer’s eye movements. Participants viewed social and non-social images that were randomly allocated to a free and a gaze-contingent viewing condition while their eye movements were tracked. Our results revealed a strong attentional bias towards social features in both conditions. However, gaze-contingent viewing altered temporal and spatial dynamics of viewing behavior. Additionally, recurrent fixations were more frequent and closer together in time for social compared to non-social stimuli in both viewing conditions. Taken together, this study implies a predominant selection of social features when bottom-up influences are diminished and a general influence of social content on visual exploratory behavior, thus highlighting mechanisms of social attention. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
GB 2016051749 W | METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR TESTING ASPECTS OF VISION | The invention provides an advantageous system and corresponding method for measuring a plurality of aspects of vision. It is a computer-implemented, user-interactive system which can be used by practitioners such as opticians to measure and assess a patient's visual acuity. It comprises a handheld computing device arranged and configured to present at least one optotype to a user (patient) within a gamified environment. This aspect of the invention provides the advantage that it is more easily used by certain types of patients, such as children, the elderly or those suffering from medical/clinical conditions who would typically struggle to use traditional measuring tools. In a preferred embodiment, the optotype has at least one characteristic selected to facilitate the measurement of at least one, or preferably at least two, aspects of visual function; and the invention is arranged to detect the user' s response to the optotype to provide a measurement of at least one or at least two aspects of visual function. Advantageously, this can be achieved in one 'sitting'. The plurality of aspects of visual function can include visual acuity, central visual field, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis and/or colour vision, detection acuity of vision, resolution acuity of vision (spatial resolution or identification of static of dynamic directionality), recognition acuity of vision, hyperacuity of vision, temporal acuity of vision, spectral acuity of vision. The at least one optotype is repeatedly presented to the user, and the at least one characteristic is altered upon each repetition. The repetition may continue until a threshold or limit is reached. The at least one characteristic relates to the level of detail, contrast, colour, position or movement of the at least one optotype. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms15475 | Prevalence of sexual dimorphism in mammalian phenotypic traits | The role of sex in biomedical studies has often been overlooked, despite evidence of sexually dimorphic effects in some biological studies. Here, we used high-throughput phenotype data from 14,250 wildtype and 40,192 mutant mice (representing 2,186 knockout lines), analysed for up to 234 traits, and found a large proportion of mammalian traits both in wildtype and mutants are influenced by sex. This result has implications for interpreting disease phenotypes in animal models and humans. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.3389/fnins.2016.00487 | Automatic segmentation of human cortical layer-complexes and architectural areas using Ex vivo diffusion MRI and its validation | Recently, several magnetic resonance imaging contrast mechanisms have been shown to distinguish cortical substructure corresponding to selected cortical layers. Here, we investigate cortical layer and area differentiation by automatized unsupervised clustering of high-resolution diffusion MRI data. Several groups of adjacent layers could be distinguished in human primary motor and premotor cortex. We then used the signature of diffusion MRI signals along cortical depth as a criterion to detect area boundaries and find borders at which the signature changes abruptly. We validate our clustering results by histological analysis of the same tissue. These results confirm earlier studies which show that diffusion MRI can probe layer-specific intracortical fiber organization and, moreover, suggests that it contains enough information to automatically classify architecturally distinct cortical areas. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the automatic clustering approach and its appeal for MR-based cortical histology. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/s11538-017-0350-x | An Explicit Structural Model of Root Hair and Soil Interactions Parameterised by Synchrotron X-ray Computed Tomography | The rhizosphere is a zone of fundamental importance for understanding the dynamics of nutrient acquisition by plant roots. The canonical difficulty of experimentally investigating the rhizosphere led long ago to the adoption of mathematical models, the most sophisticated of which now incorporate explicit representations of root hairs and rhizosphere soil. Mathematical upscaling regimes, such as homogenisation, offer the possibility of incorporating into larger-scale models the important mechanistic processes occurring at the rhizosphere scale. However, we lack concrete descriptions of all the features required to fully parameterise models at the rhizosphere scale. By combining synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (SRXCT) and a novel root growth assay, we derive a three-dimensional description of rhizosphere soil structure suitable for use in multi-scale modelling frameworks. We describe an approach to mitigate sub-optimal root hair detection via structural root hair growth modelling. The growth model is explicitly parameterised with SRXCT data and simulates three-dimensional root hair ideotypes in silico, which are suitable for both ideotypic analysis and parameterisation of 3D geometry in mathematical models. The study considers different hypothetical conditions governing root hair interactions with soil matrices, with their respective effects on hair morphology being compared between idealised and image-derived soil/root geometries. The studies in idealised geometries suggest that packing arrangement of soil affects hair tortuosity more than the particle diameter. Results in field-derived soil suggest that hair access to poorly mobile nutrients is particularly sensitive to the physical interaction between the growing hairs and the phase of the soil in which soil water is present (i. e. the hydrated textural phase). The general trends in fluid-coincident hair length with distance from the root, and their dependence on hair/soil interaction mechanisms, are conserved across Cartesian and cylindrical geometries. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/molbev/msu227 | Massive expansion of ubiquitination-related gene families within the chlamydiae | Gene loss, gain, and transfer play an important role in shaping the genomes of all organisms; however, the interplay of these processes in isolated populations, such as in obligate intracellular bacteria, is less understood. Despite a general trend towards genome reduction in these microbes, our phylogenomic analysis of the phylum Chlamydiae revealed that within the family Parachlamydiaceae, gene family expansions have had pronounced effects on gene content. We discovered that the largest gene families within the phylum are the result of rapid gene birth-and-death evolution. These large gene families are comprised of members harboring eukaryotic-like ubiquitination-related domains, such as F-box and BTB-box domains, marking the largest reservoir of these proteins found among bacteria. A heterologous type III secretion system assay suggests that these proteins function as effectors manipulating the host cell. The large disparity in copy number of members in these families between closely related organisms suggests that nonadaptive processes might contribute to the evolution of these gene families. Gene birth-and-death evolution in concert with genomic drift might represent a previously undescribed mechanism by which isolated bacterial populations diversify. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W1974936733 | FTIR spectroscopy study of polyamide-6 irradiated by electron and proton beams | Polyamide-6 (PA-6) irradiated by a 500 kGy electron beam (EB) dose or by 500 and 1000 kGy proton beam (PB) doses was examined by FTIR spectroscopy, crosslinked portion determination, DSC and tensile properties measurements. When using the same dose (500 kGy), the decrease in both melting temperature and crystallinity is similar for both radiation types; however, the EB generates more gel than the PB. According to FTIR spectra, irradiation by PB leads to more extensive structural changes; this result is assigned to the larger proton dimension compared to the electron. The PB results in attacking original crystalline phase, generation of unsaturated structures in ethylene sequences, a splitting of macromolecules into fragments that contain amine groups and terminal methyl moieties unlike the EB where similar effects were not observable. Consequently, PB irradiation results in less pronounced growth of Young modulus and strength as well as higher elongation compared to EB. FTIR analysis of both PA-6 irradiated by the PB applying dose of 1000 kGy and gel isolated from it showed that beside amorphous phase, the gel fraction contains also mixed crystalline phase, however, a small amount of crystalline phase with fully planar conformation is also present. The results indicate that the gel crystalline phase in the gel contains also a new component that originates from shorter macromolecule fragments generated by the PB radiation. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.3389/fpls.2015.01096 | Mendelizing all components of a pyramid of three yield QTL in Tomato | Molecular markers allowed breeders to mendelize quantitative trait loci (QTL) providing another demonstration that quantitative traits are governed by the same principles as single qualitative genes. This research extends the QTL analysis to two and three QTL and tests our ability to mendelize an oligogenic trait. In tomato, agricultural yield is determined by the weight of the fruits harvested per unit area and the total soluble solids (% Brix)-sugars and acids. The current study explores the segregation of multiple independent yield-related QTL that were identified and mapped using introgression lines (IL) of Solanum pennellii in cultivated processing tomato (S. lycopersicum). We screened 45 different double and triple IL-QTL combinations for agricultural yield, to identify QTL pyramids that behaved in an additive manner and were suitable substrate for mendelizing an oligogenic trait. A pyramid ofthree independent QTL that significantly improved Brix*Yield (BXY - the soluble solids output per unit area) compared to M82 was selected. In the progenies of the tri-hybrid we bred using markers a nearly isogenic ‘immortalized F2. ’ While the common mode of QTL-QTL interactions across the 45 IL-QTLs combinations was less than additive, the three QTLs in the selected triple-stack performed in an additive manner which made it an exceptional material for breeding. This study demonstrates that using the phenotypic effect of all 27 possible QTL-alleles combinations it is possible to make reliable predictions about the genotypes that will maximize the yield. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1177/1754073912468166 | The Nature And Dynamics Of Relevance And Valence Appraisals Theoretical Advances And Recent Evidence | Appraisal theories of emotion have had a strong impact on the development of theory and experimental research in the domain of the affective sciences. While there is generally a high degree of convergence between theorists in this tradition, some central issues are open to debate. In this contribution three issues have been chosen for discussion: (a) varieties of relevance detection, (b) varieties of valence appraisal, and (c) sequential-cumulative effects of appraisal results. In addressing these issues, new theoretical ideas are suggested and an update of recent research on the sequence of appraisal processes is provided. Special emphasis is placed on nonverbal signatures of appraisal processes. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.5565/rev/papers.593 | Rupture of marriages between spaniards and foreigners with children: Comparative statistics | In Spain, marriages, births and the dissolution of marriages in binational households have increased notably in recent years, as well as the social impact of this phenomenon. The aim of this paper is to explore the specific characteristics of marital ruptures between Spanish and non-Spanish spouses and compare them to ruptures between Spanish-only couples. Using statistical data on annulments, separations and divorces published by the National Statistics Institute of Spain, the paper provides evidence of differences between both types of couples regarding 1) length of time between the marriage and the marital rupture, 2) length of the dissolution process, 3) type of sentence, and 4) child custody. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.rssm.2019.05.003 | Peers that count: The influence of deskmates on test scores | Peer effects have been shown to be important for educational development during adolescence. Peer effect from classmates and friends, nevertheless, could be the target of interventions only to a limited extent. We hypothesize that deskmates may affect educational achievement. In contrast to friendship, deskmate relations could realistically be a target of policy intervention by teachers, who can decide on the seating arrangements in class. This study examines whether deskmates have a positive impact on individual test scores that goes beyond the general influence of classmates and friends. The deskmate effect is investigated in ethnically mixed classrooms. Information on friendship and deskmates from a social network panel was merged with test score register data from secondary schools in Northern and Eastern Hungary. The study finds that, after controlling for students’ own baseline eighth-grade reading test scores and classroom-fixed effects, deskmates’ eighth-grade reading test score influences positively students’ tenth-grade reading test scores. No similar effect was found for mathematics test scores. We found no evidence that deskmates’ test scores mediate or moderate the ethnic test-score gap between Hungarian and Roma students. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1088/0264-9381/30/18/184002 | Exact Solutions In Massive Gravity | Massive gravity is a good theoretical laboratory to study modifications of General Relativity. The theory offers a concrete set-up to study models of dark energy, since it admits cosmological self-accelerating solutions in the vacuum, in which the size of the acceleration depends on the graviton mass. Moreover, non-linear gravitational self-interactions, in the proximity of a matter source, manage to mimic the predictions of linearised General Relativity, hence agreeing with solar-system precision measurements. In this article, we review our work in the subject, classifying, on one hand, static solutions, and on the other hand, self-accelerating backgrounds. For what respects static solutions we exhibit black hole configurations, together with other solutions that recover General Relativity near a source via the Vainshtein mechanism. For the self-accelerating solutions we describe a wide class of cosmological backgrounds, including an analysis of their stability. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1128/MCB.01195-12 | Senataxin Defective In The Neurodegenerative Disorder Ataxia With Oculomotor Apraxia 2 Lies At The Interface Of Transcription And The Dna Damage Response | The neurodegenerative disorder ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2 (AOA-2) is caused by defects in senataxin, a putative RNA/ DNA helicase thought to be involved in the termination of transcription at RNA polymerase pause sites. RNA/DNA hybrids (R loops) that arise during transcription pausing lead to genome instability unless they are resolved efficiently. We found that senataxin forms distinct nuclear foci in S/G2-phase human cells and that the number of these foci increases in response to impaired DNA replication or DNA damage. Senataxin colocalizes with 53BP1, a key DNA damage response protein, and with other factors involved in DNA repair. Inhibition of transcription using -amanitin, or the dissolution of R loops by transient expression of RNase H1, leads to the loss of senataxin foci. These results indicate that senataxin localizes to sites of collision between components of the replisome and the transcription apparatus and that it is targeted to R loops, where it plays an important role at the interface of transcription and the DNA damage response. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W2081673313 | Tracking the Elusive Student: Opportunities for Connection and Assessment | ABSTRACT At Eastern Michigan University, information about library resources and services for Extended Programs (off-campus and online) students was provided in a number of online locations and was sometimes inconsistent and difficult to manage. The library formed an internal task force to evaluate all of the library information and instructional materials provided to Extended Programs students. The task force consolidated key information in one location on the library Web site and collaborated with departments within the library and around campus to provide links from the relevant online locations. This case study describes how Google Analytics was used to assess the use of the revised library Web site and online instructional materials by Extended Programs students. The researchers describe examples of techniques for using Google Analytics and explain how the data collected was used to identify further enhancements to the information provided to Extended Programs students. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-62703-773-0_11 | Detecting Histone Modifications In Plants | Histone modifications play an essential role in chromatin-associated processes including gene regulation and epigenetic inheritance. It is therefore very important to quantitatively analyze histone modifications at both the single gene and whole genome level. Here, we describe a robust chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) method for Arabidopsis, which could be adapted for other plant species. This method is compatible with multiple downstream applications including qPCR, tilling arrays, and high-throughput sequencing. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-017-14830-x | Trabecular bone anisotropy imaging with a compact laser-undulator synchrotron x-ray source | Conventional x-ray radiography is a well-established standard in diagnostic imaging of human bones. It reveals typical bony anatomy with a strong surrounding cortical bone and trabecular structure of the inner part. However, due to limited spatial resolution, x-ray radiography cannot provide information on the microstructure of the trabecular bone. Thus, microfractures without dislocation are often missed in initial radiographs, resulting in a lack or delay of adequate therapy. Here we show that x-ray vector radiography (XVR) can overcome this limitation and allows for a deeper insight into the microstructure with a radiation exposure comparable to standard radiography. XVR senses x-ray ultrasmall-angle scattering in addition to the attenuation contrast and thereby reveals the mean scattering strength, its degree of anisotropy and the orientation of scattering structures. Corresponding to the structural characteristics of bones, there is a homogenous mean scattering signal of the trabecular bone but the degree of anisotropy is strongly affected by variations in the trabecular structure providing more detailed information on the bone microstructure. The measurements were performed at the Munich Compact Light Source, a novel type of x-ray source based on inverse Compton scattering. This laboratory-sized source produces highly brilliant quasi-monochromatic x-rays with a tunable energy. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1088/2041-8205/791/1/L3 | Complexity On Dwarf Galaxy Scales A Bimodal Distribution Function In Sculptor | In our previous work, we presented Schwarzschild models of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy demonstrating that this system could be embedded in dark matter halos that are either cusped or cored. Here, we show that the non-parametric distribution function recovered through Schwarzschild's method is bimodal in energy and angular momentum space for all of the best-fitting mass models explored. We demonstrate that this bimodality is directly related to the two components known to be present in Sculptor through stellar population analysis, although our method is purely dynamical in nature and does not use this prior information. It therefore constitutes independent confirmation of the existence of two physically distinct dynamical components in Sculptor and suggests a rather complex assembly history for this dwarf galaxy. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
W151191586 | Stakeholder Engagement | Oklahoma law pre-empts local governments from enacting smoking restrictions inside public places that are stricter than state law, but the sovereign status of Oklahoma's 38 Tribal nations means they are uniquely positioned to stand apart as leaders in the area of tobacco policy.To provide recommendations for employing university-Tribal partnerships as an effective strategy for tobacco policy planning in tribal communities.Using a community-based participatory research approach, researchers facilitated a series of meetings with key Tribal stakeholders in order to develop a comprehensive tobacco policy plan. Ongoing engagement activities held between January 2011 and May 2012, including interdepartmental visits, facility site tours, interviews, and attendance at tribal activities, were critical for fostering constructive and trusting relationships between all partners involved in the policy planning process.The 17-month collaborative engagement produced a plan designed to regulate the use of commercial tobacco in all Tribally owned properties. The extended period of collaboration between the researchers and Tribal stakeholders facilitated: (1) levels of trust between partners; and (2) a steadfast commitment to the planning process, ensuring completion of the plan amid uncertain political climates and economic concerns about tobacco bans.Extended engagement produced an effective foundation for policy planning that promoted collaboration between otherwise dispersed Tribal departments, and facilitated communication of diverse stakeholder interests related to the goal of tobacco policies. The findings of this study provide useful strategies and best practices for those looking to employ Tribal-university partnerships as strategies for tobacco control planning and policy-based research. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.molcel.2017.11.033 | Topoisomerase 3α Is Required for Decatenation and Segregation of Human mtDNA | How mtDNA replication is terminated and the newly formed genomes are separated remain unknown. We here demonstrate that the mitochondrial isoform of topoisomerase 3α (Top3α) fulfills this function, acting independently of its nuclear role as a component of the Holliday junction-resolving BLM-Top3α-RMI1-RMI2 (BTR) complex. Our data indicate that mtDNA replication termination occurs via a hemicatenane formed at the origin of H-strand replication and that Top3α is essential for resolving this structure. Decatenation is a prerequisite for separation of the segregating unit of mtDNA, the nucleoid, within the mitochondrial network. The importance of this process is highlighted in a patient with mitochondrial disease caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in TOP3A, characterized by muscle-restricted mtDNA deletions and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) plus syndrome. Our work establishes Top3α as an essential component of the mtDNA replication machinery and as the first component of the mtDNA separation machinery. Nicholls et al. identify a role for topoisomerase 3α in the separation of mtDNA following replication. Loss of Top3α activity impairs mtDNA segregation and, consequently, segregation of the mtDNA nucleoid within the mitochondrial network. Mutations in TOP3A cause human mitochondrial disease associated with mtDNA deletions and impaired mtDNA separation. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.5194/se-10-517-2019 | Green's theorem in seismic imaging across the scales | The earthquake seismology and seismic exploration communities have developed a variety of seismic imaging methods for passive- and active-source data. Despite the seemingly different approaches and underlying principles, many of those methods are based in some way or another on Green's theorem. The aim of this paper is to discuss a variety of imaging methods in a systematic way, using a specific form of Green's theorem (the homogeneous Green's function representation) as a common starting point. The imaging methods we cover are time-reversal acoustics, seismic interferometry, back propagation, source-receiver redatuming and imaging by double focusing. We review classical approaches and discuss recent developments that fully account for multiple scattering, using the Marchenko method. We briefly indicate new applications for monitoring and forecasting of responses to induced seismic sources, which are discussed in detail in a companion paper. | [
"Mathematics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201731019 | Galactic Supernova Remnant Candidates Discovered By Thor | Context. There is a considerable deficiency in the number of known supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Galaxy compared to that expected. This deficiency is thought to be caused by a lack of sensitive radio continuum data. Searches for extended low-surface brightness radio sources may find new Galactic SNRs, but confusion with the much larger population of H II regions makes identifying such features challenging. SNRs can, however, be separated from H II regions using their significantly lower mid-infrared (MIR) to radio continuum intensity ratios. Aims. Our goal is to find missing SNR candidates in the Galactic disk by locating extended radio continuum sources that lack MIR counterparts. Methods. We use the combination of high-resolution 1-2 GHz continuum data from The HI, OH, Recombination line survey of the Milky Way (THOR) and lower-resolution VLA 1. 4 GHz Galactic Plane Survey (VGPS) continuum data, together with MIR data from the Spitzer GLIMPSE, Spitzer MIPSGAL, and WISE surveys to identify SNR candidates. To ensure that the candidates are not being confused with H II regions, we exclude radio continuum sources from the WISE Catalog of Galactic H II Regions, which contains all known and candidate H II regions in the Galaxy. Results. We locate 76 new Galactic SNR candidates in the THOR and VGPS combined survey area of 67. 4 degrees > l > 17. 5 beta, |b| <= 1. 25 degrees and measure the radio flux density for 52 previously-known SNRs. The candidate SNRs have a similar spatial distribution to the known SNRs, although we note a large number of new candidates near l similar or equal to 30 degrees, the tangent point of the Scutum spiral arm. The candidates are on average smaller in angle compared to the known regions, 6. 4' +/- 4. 7' versus 11. 0' +/- 7. 8', and have lower integrated flux densities. Conclusions. The THOR survey shows that sensitive radio continuum data can discover a large number of SNR candidates, and that these candidates can be efficiently identified using the combination of radio and MIR data. If the 76 candidates are confirmed as true SNRs, for example using radio polarization measurements or by deriving radio spectral indices, this would more than double the number of known Galactic SNRs in the survey area. This large increase would still, however, leave a discrepancy between the known and expected SNR populations of about a factor of two. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W2734615034 | Quality management, a directive approach to patient safety | Nowadays the implementation of effective quality management systems and external evaluation in healthcare is a necessity to ensure not only transparency in activities related to health but also access to health and patient safety. The key to correctly implementing a quality management system is support from the managers of health facilities, since it is managers who design and communicate to health professionals the strategies of action involved in quality management systems. This article focuses on nursing managers' approach to quality management through the implementation of cycles of continuous improvement, participation of improvement groups, monitoring systems and external evaluation quality models (EFQM, ISO). The implementation of a quality management system will enable preventable adverse effects to be minimized or eliminated, and promote patient safety and safe practice by health professionals. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
US 2021/0044265 W | CONFIGURED GRANT TRANSMISSION IN CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS | A device (e.g., a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)) may determine which information (e.g., among multiple transport blocks (TBs)) to be sent on resource(s) of a physical uplink channel (PUCCH) transmission occasion of a configured grant (CG). In an example, the device may receive configuration information. The configuration information may indicate a resource associated with the CG. The device may determine whether to transmit (e.g., on the resource associated with CG) first information of a first TB or second information of a second TB based on one or more of downlink feedback information (DPI) reception, a reason why information of a TB (e.g., the first TB or the second TB) has not been sent in a prior transmission, and a nature of the content (e.g., control information vs. data) in the TB. The first TB may comprise the first information and the second TB may comprise the second information. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.3389/fncir.2012.00122 | Carbon nanotube based multi electrode arrays for neuronal interfacing: Progress and prospects | Carbon nanotube coatings have been demonstrated over the past several years as a promising material for neuronal interfacing applications. In particular, in the realm of neuronal implants, carbon nanotubes have major advantages owing to their unique mechanical and electrical properties. Here we review recent investigations utilizing carbon nanotubes in neuro-interfacing applications. Cell adhesion, neuronal engineering and multi electrode recordings with carbon nano tubes are described. We also highlight prospective advances in this field, in particular, progress towards flexible, bio-compatible carbon nano tube based technology. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1021/acs.est.0c00514 | Effects of Polyester Microfibers on Microphytobenthos and Sediment-Dwelling Infauna | Microfibers often dominate sediment microplastic samples, but little is known about their ecological effects on benthic organisms and functions. Polyethylene terephthalate) (PET) microfibers were added to 36 sediment chambers at six concentrations (0-0. 5 g kg-1 sediment) to assess the effects on microphytobenthos (MPB), a key deposit-feeding bivalve, Macomona liliana, and sediment nutrient pools. MPB photosynthesis was promoted in 18 chambers through a 12 h light/dark cycle. Another 18 chambers were maintained under dark conditions to inhibit photosynthesis. After 35 days of MPB growth and stabilization, four M. liliana were added to each chamber for a further 40 days. MPB biomass and composition were examined alongside M. liliana biochemical and behavioral properties and porewater dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations. Increasing microfibers resulted in lower MPB biomass, fewer diatom-associated fatty acids (FAs), and an increase in cyanobacteria. The changes in MPB coincided with up to 75% lower energy reserves and reduced burrowing activity in M. liliana. In the light, nitrate + nitrate (NOx) was significantly elevated and related to M. liliana and MPB biochemical properties. Ammoniu (NH4+) concentrations increased but were variable in both the light and the dark. Our results suggest that increasing microfiber concentrations influence the interactions between M. liliana and MPB and affect biogeochemical processing in coastal marine sediments. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2546865567 | Accelerating Big Data processing chain in Image Information Mining using a hybrid HPC approach | The recent development in sensor technology shows the unprecedented growth of Remote Sensing (RS) data archives-Big Data. However, this growth in RS archives has resulted in many processing challenges. The three V's of big data- Volume, Velocity and Variety is highly relevant in situations such as flood, earthquake disaster, where real/near real time processing of data from different RS data sources is vital to deploy rescue operations. In this work, we have demonstrated a high-performance analytics approach- Message Passing Interface (MPI) along with the emerging Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) (i.e. hybrid MPI+GPU) technology to overcome the big data processing limitation. The different processing/analysis stages of our Spatial Image Information Mining (SIIM) system are parallelized using the above approach. The experimental results for parallel segmentation process show the applicability of MPI+GPU hybrid approach in disaster scenario. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.3389/fncir.2019.00059 | Neural Dynamics Indicate Parallel Integration of Environmental and Self-Motion Information by Place and Grid Cells | Place cells and grid cells in the hippocampal formation are thought to integrate sensory and self-motion information into a representation of estimated spatial location, but the precise mechanism is unknown. We simulated a parallel attractor system in which place cells form an attractor network driven by environmental inputs and grid cells form an attractor network performing path integration driven by self-motion, with inter-connections between them allowing both types of input to influence firing in both ensembles. We show that such a system is needed to explain the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of place cell firing when rats run on a linear track in which the familiar correspondence between environmental and self-motion inputs is changed. In contrast, the alternative architecture of a single recurrent network of place cells (performing path integration and receiving environmental inputs) cannot reproduce the place cell firing dynamics. These results support the hypothesis that grid and place cells provide two different but complementary attractor representations (based on self-motion and environmental sensory inputs, respectively). Our results also indicate the specific neural mechanism and main predictors of hippocampal map realignment and make predictions for future studies. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W4226344126 | The City as a Laboratory | Treating cities as laboratories and as learning and experimental objects has many advantages playing an important role in fostering and supporting the circular transition. A city is an accessible and inexhaustible resource for considering motivating challenges to those learning any subject, and its nearness and complexity make it ideal for university students. This chapter explains this concept and describes the method and results obtained by two different examples and a related workshop with groups of students of the European Project Semester. The first was a learning experiment on the inclusive city carried out during the academic year 2018/19, and the second was on the redesign of the Valencia bus station as a challenge during the 2020/2021 academic year, including the workshop as preparatory activity. In this chapter, the authors explain a reflexive-type activity that contributes to exploring the city as a complex environment collaborating through university activity in the necessary transition towards more sustainable cities. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.3758/s13414-015-1000-8 | Different effects of executive and visuospatial working memory on visual consciousness | Consciousness and working memory are two widely studied cognitive phenomena. Although they have been closely tied on a theoretical and neural level, empirical work that investigates their relation is largely lacking. In this study, the relationship between visual consciousness and different working memory components is investigated by using a dual-task paradigm. More specifically, while participants were performing a visual detection task to measure their visual awareness threshold, they had to concurrently perform either an executive or visuospatial working memory task. We hypothesized that visual consciousness would be hindered depending on the type and the size of the load in working memory. Results showed that maintaining visuospatial content in working memory hinders visual awareness, irrespective of the amount of information maintained. By contrast, the detection threshold was progressively affected under increasing executive load. Interestingly, increasing executive load had a generic effect on detection speed, calling into question whether its obstructing effect is specific to the visual awareness threshold. Together, these results indicate that visual consciousness depends differently on executive and visuospatial working memory. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1039/C6CS00163G | Applications Of N Heterocyclic Imines In Main Group Chemistry | The imidazolin-2-imino group is an N-heterocyclic imino functionality that derives from the class of compounds known as guanidines. The exocyclic nitrogen atom preferably bonds to electrophiles and its electron-donating character is markedly enhanced by efficient delocalization of cationic charge density into the five-membered imidazoline ring. Thus, this imino group is an excellent choice for thermodynamic stabilization of electron-deficient species. Due to the variety of available imidazoline-based precursors to this ligand, its steric demand can be tailored to meet the requirements for kinetic stabilization of otherwise highly reactive species. Consequently, it does not come as a surprise that the imidazolin-2-iminato ligand has found widespread applications in transition-metal chemistry to furnish pincer complexes or “pogo stick” type compounds. In comparison, the field of main-group metal compounds of this ligand is still in its infancy; however, it has received growing attention in recent years. A considerable number of electron-poor main-group element species have been described today which are stabilized by N-heterocyclic iminato ligands. These include low-valent metal cations and species that are marked by formerly unknown bonding modes. In this article we provide an overview on the present chemistry of main-group element compounds of the imidazolin-2-iminato ligand, as well as selected examples for the related imidazolidin- and benzimidazolin-2-imino system. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
741541 | Simulating 2d Spin Lattices with Ion Crystals | The objective of this project is to experimentally realize a 100-particle quantum simulator with complete quantum control at the single-particle level that will be used for investigating models of interacting spins in two dimensions.
The experimental platform is a two-dimensional crystal of laser-cooled ions held in a radio-frequency trap. In this approach, the quantum state of a spin is encoded in two electronic levels of an ion. Effective spin-spin interactions are induced by laser fields coupling the ions’ electronic levels to excitations of the crystal lattice. Single-particle quantum control will be achieved by manipulating individual ions with a strongly focused steerable laser beam. Single-shot quantum measurements with near-unit detection efficiency will enable measurements of arbitrary spin correlation functions.
The main goals of SPICY are:
1. Trapping and laser-cooling of two-dimensional ion crystals to millikelvin temperatures in a radio-frequency trap.
2. Realization of quantum spin models with particle numbers for which the simulation becomes intractable by numerical techniques.
3. Development of methods for validating quantum simulators
4. Investigation of various models with spin-frustration in two-dimensional geometries.
SPICY builds on my experience with small-scale one-dimensional trapped-ion simulators. The exploration of two-dimensional lattice geometries will overcome difficulties in scaling up one-dimensional trapped-ion systems and enable the experimental investigation of the rich physics of two-dimensional spin models. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1145/2048066.2048128 | Variability Aware Parsing In The Presence Of Lexical Macros And Conditional Compilation | In many projects, lexical preprocessors are used to manage different variants of the project (using conditional compilation) and to define compile-time code transformations (using macros). Unfortunately, while being a simple way to implement variability, conditional compilation and lexical macros hinder automatic analysis, even though such analysis is urgently needed to combat variability-induced complexity. To analyze code with its variability, we need to parse it without preprocessing it. However, current parsing solutions use unsound heuristics, support only a subset of the language, or suffer from exponential explosion. As part of the TypeChef project, we contribute a novel variability-aware parser that can parse almost all unpreprocessed code without heuristics in practicable time. Beyond the obvious task of detecting syntax errors, our parser paves the road for further analysis, such as variability-aware type checking. We implement variability-aware parsers for Java and GNU C and demonstrate practicability by parsing the product line MobileMedia and the entire X86 architecture of the Linux kernel with 6065 variable features. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
819404 | Breaking barriers between Science and Heritage approaches to Levantine Rock Art through Archaeology, Heritage Science and IT | LArcHer project aims at pioneering a new and more comprehensive way of understanding one of Europe’s most extraordinary bodies of prehistoric art, awarded Unesco World Heritage status in 1998: Levantine rock art (LRA). The ground-breaking nature of the project relies on combining a multidisciplinary (Archaeology, Heritage Science and IT) and multiscale approach (from microanalysis to landscape perspectives) to gain a holistic view of this art. It also aims at closing existing gaps between science and heritage mainstreams, to better understand the values and threats affecting this tradition and bring about a change in the way we understand, care, use and manage this millenary legacy. LArcHer aims are: a) Use cross-disciplinary knowledge and methods to redefine LRA (i.e. new dating techniques to refine chronology, new analytical methods to understand the creative process); b) Use LRA as a proxy to raise new questions of global interest on the evolution of creative thinking and human cognition (i.e. the timing and driving forces behind the birth of anthropocentrism and visual narratives in the history of prehistoric art); c) Develop new research agendas to set off complementary goals between science and heritage and define best practices for open air rock art conservation and management.
Spread across Mediterranean Iberia, LRA is the only European body of figurative art dominated by humans engaged in dynamic narratives of hunting, violence, warfare, dances and so forth. These scenes are unique to explore past social dynamics, human behaviour and cultural practices. As such, it is the only body of European rock art with potential to answer some of the new questions raised by LArcHer.
Key to LArcHer are the systematic recording and analysis of the art through 3D Digital technologies, management and data storage systems, GIS, physicochemical analysis of pigments and bedrock and comparative analysis with other major bodies of art with equivalent developments. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1182/blood-2015-09-672980 | Perturbed hematopoiesis in mice lacking ATMIN | The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-interacting protein ATMIN mediates noncanonical ATM signaling in response to oxidative and replicative stress conditions. Like ATM, ATMIN can function as a tumor suppressor in the hematopoietic system: deletion of Atmin under the control of CD19-Cre results in B-cell lymphomas in aging mice. ATM signaling is essential for lymphopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function; however, little is known about the role of ATMIN in hematopoiesis. We thus sought to investigate whether the absence of ATMIN would affect primitive hematopoietic cells in an ATM-dependent or -independent manner. Apart from its role in B-cell development, we show that ATMIN has an ATM-independent function in the common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) by deletion of Atmin in the entire hematopoietic system using Vav-Cre. Despite the lack of lymphoma formation, ATMIN-deficient mice developed chronic leukopenia as a result of high levels of apoptosis in B cells and CMPs and induced a compensatory mechanism in which HSCs displayed enhanced cycling. Consequently, ATMIN-deficient HSCs showed impaired regeneration ability with the induction of the DNA oxidative stress response, especially when aged. ATMIN, therefore, has multiple roles in different cell types, and its absence results in perturbed hematopoiesis, especially during stress conditions and aging. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W2364577270 | Regional Financial Harmonious Development and Analysis of Weakest Link Effect | Regional financial harmonious development not only concerns the coordination of financial system itself in narrow sense,but also indicates the coordinated development of financial system,economic system and social system in broad sense.To some extent,such development is an interaction and dynamic adaptive process between finance and the other eight forces,namely economic force,cultural force,labor force,science technology force,infrastructure force,opening-up force,agglomeration force and environmental force.For lack of quantitative studies on financial harmony,the paper conducts a quantitative analysis on the regional financial development in terms of both displayable indices and explanatory indices and reveals the coordinated development of financial system from the angle of narrow sense and broad sense respectively.It provides references to the establishment of a paradigm of quantitative studies on financial harmony and the analysis of weakest link effects of regional financial harmonious development. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
291740 | Transcriptional networks controlling lymphocyte development | Acquired immunity to foreign pathogens depends on functional B and T cells. The objective of this proposal is to elucidate the transcriptional control of lymphocyte development at three stages by deciphering the transcriptional networks specifying pro-B and pro-T cells in early lymphopoiesis and plasma cells in terminal B cell differentiation.
To this end, we generated knock-in mice carrying a biotin acceptor sequence at the C-terminus of transcription factors, which can be biotinylated by transgenic co-expression of the E. coli biotin ligase BirA. In vivo biotinylation facilitates antibody-independent precipitation of these transcription factors by streptavidin pulldown (Bio-ChIP). Preliminary Bio-ChIP sequencing experiments validated this approach for genome-wide identification of transcription factor target genes.
Bio-ChIP sequencing will be used to identify the target genes of key transcription factors controlling the development of pro-B cells (Ikaros, E2A, STAT5, EBF1, Pax5, PU.1, IRF4), pro-T cells (Notch1, RBP-J, GATA3, Ikaros, E2A, STAT5) and plasma cells (Blimp1, IRF4, XBP1). RNA sequencing of wild-type and mutant lymphocytes will determine the regulated target genes of these factors, which are ultimately relevant for the elucidation of transcriptional networks. The function of selected target genes at central nodes of these networks will be analyzed by the latest miR30-shRNA knockdown technology. Finally, regulatory complexes interacting with these transcription factors will be identified by streptavidin-pulldown purification and mass spectrometry followed by their integration into the transcriptional networks by ChIP-seq mapping to the transcription factor target genes.
These experiments will provide fundamentally new molecular insight into the generation of all three lymphocyte stages and will contribute to a better understanding of how deregulation of the transcriptional control promotes the development of lymphoid malignancies. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
Q2867088 | iDTool .: Technics of Identification of Cutting Tools with RFID tags for smart tool management | The iDTool project consists of integrating RFID technology into cutting tools for trimming, aiming to create an intelligent identification and management solution through the development of an agile and decentralised data management system. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1093/nar/gkaa285 | Protein disorder-to-order transition enhances the nucleosome-binding affinity of H1 | Intrinsically disordered proteins are crucial elements of chromatin heterogenous organization. While disorder in the histone tails enables a large variation of inter-nucleosome arrangements, disorder within the chromatin-binding proteins facilitates promiscuous binding to a wide range of different molecular targets, consistent with structural heterogeneity. Among the partially disordered chromatin-binding proteins, the H1 linker histone influences a myriad of chromatin characteristics including compaction, nucleosome spacing, transcription regulation, and the recruitment of other chromatin regulating proteins. Although it is now established that the long C-terminal domain (CTD) of H1 remains disordered upon nucleosome binding and that such disorder favours chromatin fluidity, the structural behaviour and thereby the role/function of the N-terminal domain (NTD) within chromatin is yet unresolved. On the basis of microsecond-long parallel-tempering metadynamics and temperature-replica exchange atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of different H1 NTD subtypes, we demonstrate that the NTD is completely unstructured in solution but undergoes an important disorder-to-order transition upon nucleosome binding: it forms a helix that enhances its DNA binding ability. Further, we show that the helical propensity of the H1 NTD is subtype-dependent and correlates with the experimentally observed binding affinity of H1 subtypes, suggesting an important functional implication of this disorder-to-order transition. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W4313257464 | From crisis to crisis: emergencies and uncertainties in large metropolitan areas and cities of Southern Europe | quel impact sur la transformation et la valorisation territoriales? | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
1262262 | Dirac semimetals based terahertz components | This project aims to provide theoretical and experimental basis, to perform proof of concept experiments and to build prototypes of the thinnest ever alignment–free components of the THz photonics. Being based on 2D Dirac semimetals (graphene, silicene, germanene) and metamaterials paradigm, the fabricated lenses, filters and polarizers will be capable to outdoing the existing ones in terms of performance, footprint and tunability in lab-on-chip integrated solutions. The project relies on solid theoretical background that will enable calculation of the constituent parameters of 2D semimetals with account for defects, doping, stacking, strain and external fields using ab initio and tight binding approaches. The advances in nanoelectromagnetics will be employed to reveal physical phenomena underlying the response of both individual Dirac semimetal based metaatoms and their arrays in the THz spectral range. From the experimental side, the DiSeTCom will feed into the development of feasible and easy to use techniques for fabrication of metasurfaces based on graphene/silecene/germanene that will lead to prototype of tunable THz passive components with unprecedented performance. Robust design and sensitivity analysis will allow us to develop revolutionary THz devices thereby contributing to the European technology and creativity through joint R&D and R&I multisectorial and international cooperation activities supported by knowledge sharing. The consortium will implement research/innovations by means of functional secondments and organization of training courses, research and industrial workshops aimed at knowledge and technology transfer, wider professional networking, acquiring new skills and exploitation of project results by European THz industry. Implementation of the DiSeTCom will bring in considerable enhancement of the potential and future career prospects of the researchers involved via well balanced profiles and world-wide professional network of the consortium. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/TASLP.2014.2375558 | Cooperative Learning And Its Application To Emotion Recognition From Speech | In this paper, we propose a novel method for highly efficient exploitation of unlabeled data--Cooperative Learning. Our approach consists of combining Active Learning and Semi-Supervised Learning techniques, with the aim of reducing the costly effects of human annotation. The core underlying idea of Cooperative Learning is to share the labeling work between human and machine efficiently in such a way that instances predicted with insufficient confidence value are subject to human labeling, and those with high confidence values are machine labeled. We conducted various test runs on two emotion recognition tasks with a variable number of initial supervised training instances and two different feature sets. The results show that Cooperative Learning consistently outperforms individual Active and Semi-Supervised Learning techniques in all test cases. In particular, we show that our method based on the combination of Active Learning and Co-Training leads to the same performance of a model trained on the whole training set, but using 75% fewer labeled instances. Therefore, our method efficiently and robustly reduces the need for human annotations. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
883730 | Enhancing Global Clean Energy Services Using Orbiting Solar Reflectors | The delivery of global clean energy services is arguably the preeminent engineering grand challenge for the 21st century. Indeed, it is clear that the unprecedented scale and pace of this challenge will require daring and disruptive new thinking. This project will devise, develop and demonstrate an adventurous strategy to enhance the delivery of global clean energy services using ultra-lightweight orbiting solar reflectors. The strategy will utilise a constellation of reflectors to illuminate large terrestrial solar power plants, particularly at dawn and dusk, when their output is low but electricity demand and spot prices are high.
First, we will devise new families of orbits for constellations of reflectors by leveraging solar radiation pressure perturbations. Then, we will develop novel pointing and attitude control strategies by integrating actuators into the structure and membrane of the reflectors themselves. As a key breakthrough, we will devise and demonstrate in the laboratory new processes to enable the automated in-orbit fabrication of large gossamer reflectors. This will overcome the launch vehicle vibration loads imposed on deployable reflectors and payload faring volume constraints. In parallel, impacts on the global energy economy will be assessed and optimised, as will issues such as the suppression of stray light, policy and regulation.
The overarching goal of the project is to demonstrate, in simulation and hardware, the immense opportunities of utilising orbiting solar reflectors to accelerate the delivery of global clean energy services into the 21st century. Such technology represents a step-change for the space sector, from the delivery of information-based data services to the delivery of physical resources. Importantly, it represents an opportunity to demonstrate bold and imaginative new ways of meeting the energy grand challenges of the future. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Earth System Science",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1093/hmg/ddt178 | Human RTEL1 deficiency causes hoyeraal-hreidarsson syndrome with short telomeres and genome instability | Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS), a severe variant of dyskeratosis congenita (DC), is characterized by early onset bone marrowfailure, immunodeficiency and developmental defects. Several factors involved in telomere length maintenance and/or protection are defective in HHS/DC, underlining the relationship between telomeredysfunctionandthese diseases. Bycombining whole-genomelinkage analysisandexomesequencing,we identified compound heterozygous RTEL1 (regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1) mutations in three patients with HHS from two unrelated families. RTEL1 is a DNA helicase that participates in DNA replication, DNA repair and telomere integrity. We show that, in addition to short telomeres, RTEL1-deficient cells from patients exhibit hallmarks of genome instability, including spontaneous DNA damage, anaphase bridges and telomeric aberrations. Collectively, these results identify RTEL1 as a novel HHS-causing gene and highlight its role as a genomic caretaker in humans. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.023 | Leisure-time physical activity at moderate and high intensity is associated with parameters of body composition, muscle strength and sarcopenia in aged adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus study | Aims: We aimed to examine the associations of leisure-time physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with the prevalence of sarcopenia, body composition and muscle strength among older adults having overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome, from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Methods: Cross-sectional baseline analysis including 1539 men and women (65 ± 5 y). Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass (according to FNIH cut-offs) plus low muscle strength (lowest sex-specific tertile for 30-s chair-stand test). We applied multivariable-adjusted Cox regression with robust variance and constant time (given the cross-sectional design) for the associations of self-reported leisure-time PA and SB with sarcopenia; and multivariable-linear regression for the associations with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived bone mass, fat mass, lean mass and lower-limb muscle strength. Results: Inverse associations were observed between sarcopenia and each hourly increment in total [prevalence ratio 0. 81 (95% confidence interval, 0. 70, 0. 93)], moderate [0. 80 (0. 66, 0. 97)], vigorous [0. 51 (0. 32, 0. 84)], and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) [0. 74 (0. 62, 0. 89)]. Incrementing 1-h/day total-PA and MVPA was inversely associated with body-mass-index, waist circumference (WC), fat mass, and positively associated with bone mass and lower-limb muscle strength (all P <. 05). One h/day increase in total SB, screen-based SB and TV-viewing was positively associated with body-mass-index, WC and fat mass. Light-PA was not significantly associated with any outcome. Conclusions: Total-PA and PA at moderate and high intensities may protect against the prevalence of sarcopenia, have a beneficial role on body composition and prevent loss of muscle strength. SB, particularly TV-viewing, may have detrimental effects on body composition in older adults at high cardiovascular risk. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
268671 | Connecting the activities of c-Myc in genome regulation, cellular growth control and oncogenesis | The c-myc proto-oncogene is a general driving force in cancer. The cmyc product (Myc) is a transcription factor that binds thousands of genomic loci. However, the identity of the Myc-target genes that influence tumor development, as well as the mechanisms through which Myc acts on these genes, remain most elusive questions in the field. We will use next-generation DNA sequencing to create a multi-layered set of genome-wide profiles. We will analyze cultured mouse cells and developing tumors, the latter in a transgenic model of Myc-induced lymphoma. The profiles will include (i.) quantitative mapping of the RNA transcriptome (coding, non-coding and small RNAs), (ii.) protein-DNA interaction profiles, (iii.) epigenome profiling, (iv.) 3D-folding of genomic DNA, (v.) mutational analysis. These datasets will provide broad views and will answer pointed questions about the action of Myc. We will address the hypothesis that many Myc target genes may not be regulated at the level of net mRNA accumulation, but rather of co-transcriptional processing events. We will provide maps for the RNA-Polymerase II complex, transcriptional co-factors and histone-modifying enzymes. We will whether the Myc-binding sites that do not map within promoters may act as enhancers and/or replication origins. We will address the hypothesis that Myc contributes to reprogramming of the genome independently from its localized effects on target genes. We will also ask which genes are targets of mutations and/or epigenetic silencing in Myc-induced lymphoma. High-throughput functional genomics will be used to address which genes suppress or promote Myc-induced lymphoma. Altogether, our data will provide an unprecedented level of insight into Myc function and into the early stages of tumor progression. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
320917 | Interacting Photon Bose-Einstein Condensates in Variable Potentials | Bose-Einstein condensation, the macroscopic ground state occupation of a system of bosonic particles below a critical temperature, has in the last two decades been observed in cold atomic gases and in solid-state physics quasiparticles. The perhaps most widely known example of a bosonic gas, photons in blackbody radiation, however exhibits no Bose-Einstein condensation, because the particle number is not conserved and at low temperatures the photons disappear in the system’s walls instead of massively occupying the cavity ground mode. This is not the case in a small optical cavity, with a low-frequency cutoff imprinting a spectrum of photon energies restricted to well above the thermal energy. Using a microscopic cavity filled with dye solution at room temperature, my group has recently observed the first Bose-Einstein condensate of photons.
Building upon this work, the grant applicant here proposes to study the physics of interacting photon Bose-Einstein condensates in variable potentials. We will study the flow of the light condensate around external perturbations, and exploit signatures for superfluidity of the two-dimensional photon gas. Moreover, the condensate will be loaded into variable potentials induced by optical index changes, forming a periodic array of nanocavities. We plan to investigate the Mott insulating regime, and study thermal equilibrium population of more complex entangled manybody states for the photon gas. Other than in an ultracold atomic gas system, loading and cooling can proceed throughout the lattice manipulation time in our system. We expect to be able to directly condense into a macroscopic occupation of highly entangled quantum states. This is an issue not achievable in present atomic physics Bose-Einstein condensation experiments. In the course of the project, quantum manybody states, when constituting the system ground state, will be macroscopically populated in a thermal equilibrium process. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1145/3205455.3205510 | Data Efficient Neuroevolution With Kernel Based Surrogate Models | Surrogate-assistance approaches have long been used in computationally expensive domains to improve the data-efficiency of optimization algorithms. Neuroevolution, however, has so far resisted the application of these techniques because it requires the surrogate model to make fitness predictions based on variable topologies, instead of a vector of parameters. Our main insight is that we can sidestep this problem by using kernel-based surrogate models, which require only the definition of a distance measure between individuals. Our second insight is that the well-established Neuroevolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) algorithm provides a computationally efficient distance measure between dissimilar networks in the form of "compatibility distance", initially designed to maintain topological diversity. Combining these two ideas, we introduce a surrogate-assisted neuroevolution algorithm that combines NEAT and a surrogate model built using a compatibility distance kernel. We demonstrate the data-efficiency of this new algorithm on the low dimensional cart-pole swing-up problem, as well as the higher dimensional half-cheetah running task. In both tasks the surrogate-assisted variant achieves the same or better results with several times fewer function evaluations as the original NEAT. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1002/2016GL071975 | Assessment of simulated aerosol effective radiative forcings in the terrestrial spectrum | In its fifth assessment report (AR5), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change provides a best estimate of the effective radiative forcing (ERF) due to anthropogenic aerosol at −0. 9 W m−2. This value is considerably weaker than the estimate of −1. 2 W m−2 in AR4. A part of the difference can be explained by an offset of +0. 2 W m−2 which AR5 added to all published estimates that only considered the solar spectrum, in order to account for adjustments in the terrestrial spectrum. We find that, in the CMIP5 multimodel median, the ERF in the terrestrial spectrum is small, unless microphysical effects on ice- and mixed-phase clouds are parameterized. In the latter case it is large but accompanied by a very strong ERF in the solar spectrum. The total adjustments can be separated into microphysical adjustments (aerosol “effects”) and thermodynamic adjustments. Using a kernel technique, we quantify the latter and find that the rapid thermodynamic adjustments of water vapor and temperature profiles are small. Observation-based constraints on these model results are urgently needed. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.aim.2019.01.047 | Bounded normal generation and invariant automatic continuity | We study the question of how quickly products of a fixed conjugacy class in the projective unitary group of a II1-factor von Neumann algebra cover the entire group. Our result is that the number of factors that are needed is essentially as small as permitted by the 1-norm – in analogy to results of Liebeck and Shalev for non-abelian finite simple groups. As an application of the techniques, we prove that every homomorphism from the projective unitary group of a finite factor to a Polish SIN group is continuous – a result which is even new for PU(n). Moreover, we show that the projective unitary group of a II1-factor carries a unique Polish group topology. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1111/acel.12742 | Changes at the nuclear lamina alter binding of pioneer factor Foxa2 in aged liver | Increasing evidence suggests that regulation of heterochromatin at the nuclear envelope underlies metabolic disease susceptibility and age-dependent metabolic changes, but the mechanism is unknown. Here, we profile lamina-associated domains (LADs) using lamin B1 ChIP-Seq in young and old hepatocytes and find that, although lamin B1 resides at a large fraction of domains at both ages, a third of lamin B1-associated regions are bound exclusively at each age in vivo. Regions occupied by lamin B1 solely in young livers are enriched for the forkhead motif, bound by Foxa pioneer factors. We also show that Foxa2 binds more sites in Zmpste24 mutant mice, a progeroid laminopathy model, similar to increased Foxa2 occupancy in old livers. Aged and Zmpste24-deficient livers share several features, including nuclear lamina abnormalities, increased Foxa2 binding, de-repression of PPAR- and LXR-dependent gene expression, and fatty liver. In old livers, additional Foxa2 binding is correlated to loss of lamin B1 and heterochromatin (H3K9me3 occupancy) at these loci. Our observations suggest that changes at the nuclear lamina are linked to altered Foxa2 binding, enabling opening of chromatin and de-repression of genes encoding lipid synthesis and storage targets that contribute to etiology of hepatic steatosis. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
220623 | Arctic cultures: sites of collection in the formation of the european and american northlands | The Arctic has risen to global attention in recent years, as it has been reconfigured through debates about global environmental change, resource extraction and disputes over sovereign rights. Within these discourses, little attention has been paid to the cultures of the Arctic. Indeed, it often seems as if the Circumpolar Arctic in global public understanding remains framed as a 'natural region' - that is, a place where the environment dominates the creation of culture. This framing has consequences for the region, because through this the Arctic becomes constructed as a space where people are absent. This proposal aims to discover how and why this might be so.
The proposal argues that this construction of the Arctic emerged from the exploration of the region by Europeans and North Americans and their contacts with indigenous people from the middle of the eighteenth century. Particular texts, cartographic representations and objects were collected and returned to sites like London, Copenhagen, Berlin and Philadelphia. The construction of the Arctic thereby became entwined within the growth of colonial museum cultures and, indeed, western modernity. This project aims to delineate the networks and collecting cultures involved in this creation of Arctic Cultures. It will bring repositories in colonial metropoles into dialogue with sites of collection in the Arctic by tracing the contexts of discovery and memorialisation. In doing so, it aspires to a new understanding of the consequences of certain forms of colonial representation for debates about the Circumpolar Arctic today.
The project involves research by the Principal Investigator and four Post Doctoral Researchers at museums, archives, libraries and repositories across Europe and North America, as well as in Greenland and the Canadian Arctic. A Project Assistant based in Oxford will help facilitate the completion of the research. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
217703 | Hydrophobic nano coating for cardboard food packaging with a 40% increased resistance to water and 3x times longer durability | HydroNanoCoating will reduce up to 30 times the water absorption compared to common untreated cardboard and by 40% the water absorption compared to current paper protecting alternatives (paraffin). HydroNanoCoating will enlarge up to 3x times the lifespan of paper, cardboard and corrugated cardboard by drastically avoiding water damages to the contained products and its consequent loss that can reach 9M€.
Almost 5% of the EU losses of products packaged with cardboard are caused by contact with water. Moisture, environmental humidity, rains and water spills dramatically reduce cardboard mechanical properties. Corrugated cardboard packs and protects more than 34% of European goods, but if cardboard is wet, the box collapses and the content loses its value. In Spain alone, which is the largest fruit and vegetables exporter in EU with 11M tons, a 5% loss is worth €1.8 billion.
HydroNanoCoating is a super hydrophobic coating that can be applied on both sides (external and internal surface) of paper, cardboard or corrugated cardboard, improving its water resistance x30 times related to kraft cardboard and 40% to paraffin coatings. This confers improved mechanical properties compared to other solutions: ECT (ability of a particular board construction to resist crushing) lost <8% in 30 days, and has 45 days of durability at 100%humidity.
HydroNanoCoating will release the moisture and humidity consequences, reducing losses by up to 90% on the supply chain. It will allow best printing resolution using common inks and reduce production costs related with adhesives, as it improves adhesion of flaps and other gluing areas. It will be ideal for any kind of cardboard or corrugated packaging, as it complies with EU legislation and food contact requirements to keep content healthy and safe. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
682679 | Dissecting the (epi)genetic origins of phenotypic variation and metabolic disease susceptibility | Current estimates place the prevalence of obesity beyond 1 billion by the year 2030. As a critical risk factor for heart disease, diabetes and stroke, obesity represents one of the chief socio-economic challenges of our day. While studies have mapped a genetic framework for understanding obesity, the etiological contribution of several regulatory layers, and in particular epigenetic regulation, remain poorly understood. A perfect example, we know that isogenic C57Bl6/J mice can vary by as much as 100% in body weight upon high fat feeding; currently, we have no mechanistic explanation for the emergence of such phenotypic variation. Here, I propose three aims dedicated towards understanding the (epi)genetic control of phenotypic variation and disease susceptibility. First, we will catalogue epigenome and phenome variation to an unprecedented depth and resolution in the isogenic context. Next, we will examine two completely novel models of epigenetically sensitized bi-stable obesity and thus begin a mechanistic dissection of phenotypic variation. Finally, we will map a series of gene-gene and gene-environment epistasis interactions including eight models of developmental plasticity and approximately a dozen chromatin regulator mutants. The latter epistasis matrix will identify the molecular mechanisms that trigger, amplify and buffer phenotypic variation and stochastic obesity in mice. The functional (epi)phenomics approach is unique. It builds the first unbiased framework against which to understand developmental plasticity and phenotypic variation, and at the same time generates powerful resources for disease researchers worldwide. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1126/sciadv.aax4001 | Widespread activation of developmental gene expression characterized by PRC1-dependent chromatin looping | Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 have been historically described as transcriptional repressors, but recent reports suggest that PRC1 might also support activation, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that stage-specific PRC1 binding at a subset of active promoters and enhancers during Drosophila development coincides with the formation of three-dimensional (3D) loops, an increase in expression during development and repression in PRC1 mutants. Dissection of the dachshund locus indicates that PRC1-anchored loops are versatile architectural platforms that persist when surrounding genes are transcriptionally active and fine-tune their expression. The analysis of RING1B binding profiles and 3D contacts during neural differentiation in mice suggests that this role is conserved in mammals. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2964299006 | Ambienti per design. Note di lettura | Ambienti per design un suono udito una cosa vista (EXIT) di Zeno Birolli uscì nel 1983, all’interno della raccolta Sorbi, tordi & nitidezze, un volume che radunava materiali vecchi e lavori nuovi con il sottotitolo di Arte in Italia dopo la Metafisica. Il libro, relativamente noto nella produzione storico artistica di Zeno Birolli, rappresenta il frutto di una stagione intensa di elaborazione intellettuale e progettuale: nell’idea dell’autore doveva presentarsi come una sorta di silloge di un decennio di riflessioni sulle arti nel periodo tra le due guerre. Tra i nuovi studi critici pubblicati nella raccolta, Ambienti per design risulta essere sia per numero di pagine sia per contenuti uno dei più autorevoli e impegnati. Il testo è la descrizione dettagliata di alcuni interni creati per le mostre dell’abitazione e dell’arredamento moderno della Triennale milanese del 1936, ma il tema dominante si raccoglie intorno all’idea che vi sia “un legame che procede dalla prima metafisica di De Chirico [...], si permuta nell’opera di alcuni pittori e scultori della postmetafisica e nel razionalismo architettonico degli anni trenta e quaranta, sino allo spazio scenico di Antonioni”. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.05.001 | Use of CellNetAnalyzer in biotechnology and metabolic engineering | Mathematical models of the cellular metabolism have become an essential tool for the optimization of biotechnological processes. They help to obtain a systemic understanding of the metabolic processes in the used microorganisms and to find suitable genetic modifications maximizing the production performance. In particular, methods of stoichiometric and constraint-based modeling are frequently used in the context of metabolic and bioprocess engineering. Since metabolic networks can be complex and comprise hundreds or even thousands of metabolites and reactions, dedicated software tools are required for an efficient analysis. One such software suite is CellNetAnalyzer, a MATLAB package providing, among others, various methods for analyzing stoichiometric and constraint-based metabolic models. CellNetAnalyzer can be used via command-line based operations or via a graphical user interface with embedded network visualizations. Herein we will present key functionalities of CellNetAnalyzer for applications in biotechnology and metabolic engineering and thereby review constraint-based modeling techniques such as metabolic flux analysis, flux balance analysis, flux variability analysis, metabolic pathway analysis (elementary flux modes) and methods for computational strain design. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W1650516990 | Disaster experience in the context of life: Perspectives five to six years after the 2003 Canberra Bushfire | Introduction To gain deeper understanding of the long-term lived experiences of adults affected by the 2003 Canberra bushfire, approximately five to six years after the disaster. Methods We present an overview of themes that emerged from thematic analysis of transcripts of in-depth semi-structured interviews of 25 adults directly affected by the 2003 Canberra bushfire interviewed from April 2008 to March 2009. Coincidentally, six of these participants were interviewed following the 2009 Victorian Bushfires and, where relevant, this is noted. Results The overarching themes that emerged were sensory memory from the day of the fires, emotions, relationships, and other life events. Participants reported an extraordinary sensory experience. They also reported and demonstrated mixed emotions over five years after the incident, such as fear, grief and anger, intertwined with gratitude and a sense of achievement. The disaster experience bonded some relationships, strained others, and often simultaneously supported and caused difficulties in close relationships. In terms of other life events, participants gauged the impact of the fires in relation to other significant personal life events before or after the fire. A few reported a sense of having to face a series of hardships; however, others reported that experiencing other hardships put the bushfires in perspective. Those interviewed following the 2009 Victorian bushfires also presented an interplay between emotions relating to their own experience and their thoughts and feelings relating to the more recent bushfire in Victoria. Conclusion Findings highlighted how the subjective experiences, perceived supportive and unsupportive factors, and meaning-making of people affected by disaster are embedded in the context of their lives in a dynamic and multi-dimensional way. People's thoughts and feelings cannot be solely attributed to the disaster in question, and arguably it would not be relevant to do so, as disasters always occur in the context of people's lives. Other life events not only add to the disaster experience, but the various life events can become lenses in which other life events are perceived, experienced, and processed. Grief, loss, fear, anxiety, and guilt can be intertwined with, and thus balanced by, a sense of gratitude and achievement. The role of life events and other factors such as relationships, thus cannot be simply categorised as supportive or risk factors. Subsequent disasters act as painful reminders of one's own experiences, but can also provide an opportunity to work through and relate to them as one who has gone through a similar experience and survived several years down the track. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1182/blood-2015-03-632984 | Functional-genetic dissection of HDAC dependencies in mouse lymphoid and myeloid malignancies | Key Points
Genetic studies suggest HDAC3-selective suppression may prove useful for treatment of hematological tumors but will not induce apoptosis. Genetic and pharmacological cosuppression of HDAC1 with HDAC2 induces a potent pro-apoptotic response of tumor cells. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
680263 | Novel 2D quantum device concepts enabled by sub-nanometre precision nanofabrication | IIn today’s electronics, the information storage and processing are performed by independent technologies. The information-processing is based on semiconductor (silicon) devices, while non-volatile data storage relies on ferromagnetic metals. Integrating these tasks on a single chip and within the same material technology would enable disruptively new device concepts opening the way towards ultra-high speed electronic circuits. Due to the unique versatility of its electronic and magnetic properties, graphene has a strong potential as a platform for the implementation of such devices. By engineering their structure at the atomic level, graphene nanostructures of metallic, semiconducting, as well as magnetic properties can be realized. Here we propose that the unmatched precision and full edge orientation control of our STM-based nanofabrication technique enables the reliable implementation of such graphene nanostructures, as well as their complex, functional networks. In particular, we propose to experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of (1) semiconductor graphene nanostructures based on the quantum confinement effect, (2) spin-based devices from graphene nanostructures with magnetic edges, as well as (3) novel operation principles based on the interplay of the electronic and spin-degrees of freedom. We propose to demonstrate the electrical control of magnetism in graphene nanostructures, as well as a novel switching mechanism for graphene field effect transistors induced by the transition between two magnetic edge configurations. Exploiting such novel operation mechanisms in graphene nanostructure engineered at the atomic scale is expected to lay the foundations of disruptively new device concepts combining electronic and spin-based mechanisms that can overcome some of the fundamental limitations of today’s electronics. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1985135792 | The Texture of Everyday Life | This paper will explore some of the ways in which personal experience turns into life writing; the process in which a record of a life lived becomes a story, such as the textualization of the “texture” of life, or from body to book; the emplotment of the incidences of life into a life narrative (White); the heteroglossia of life writing (Bakhtin); the finding of voice for one’s self (Eakin); and the role of memory in life writing (Olney). As a specific backdrop to the discussion, two well-known examples of Canadian literature, Susanna Moodie’s Roughing It in the Bush and Margaret Atwood’s reinscription The Journals of Susanna Moodie, will be used to exemplify some of the main arguments raised in the paper. | [
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1016/j.pbi.2015.06.007 | VIGS, HIGS and FIGS: Small RNA silencing in the interactions of viruses or filamentous organisms with their plant hosts | Recent evidence indicates two-way traffic of silencing RNA between filamentous organisms and their plant hosts. There are also indications that suppressors of RNA silencing are transferred from filamentous organisms into host plant cells where they influence the innate immune system. Here I use virus disease as a template for interpretation of RNA silencing in connection with filamentous organisms and infected plant cells. I propose that host plant interactions of these organisms are influenced by RNA silencing networks in which there are: small interfering RNAs from the host that are transported into the filamentous organism and vice versa; silencing suppressors from the organism that are transported into the host; endogenous small interfering RNAs and micro RNAs that target components of the innate immune system or endogenous suppressors of the innate immune system. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pbio.1002457 | GPCRs Direct Germline Development and Somatic Gonad Function in Planarians | Planarians display remarkable plasticity in maintenance of their germline, with the ability to develop or dismantle reproductive tissues in response to systemic and environmental cues. Here, we investigated the role of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in this dynamic germline regulation. By genome-enabled receptor mining, we identified 566 putative planarian GPCRs and classified them into conserved and phylum-specific subfamilies. We performed a functional screen to identify NPYR-1 as the cognate receptor for NPY-8, a neuropeptide required for sexual maturation and germ cell differentiation. Similar to NPY-8, knockdown of this receptor results in loss of differentiated germ cells and sexual maturity. NPYR-1 is expressed in neuroendocrine cells of the central nervous system and can be activated specifically by NPY-8 in cell-based assays. Additionally, we screened the complement of GPCRs with expression enriched in sexually reproducing planarians, and identified an orphan chemoreceptor family member, ophis, that controls differentiation of germline stem cells (GSCs). ophis is expressed in somatic cells of male and female gonads, as well as in accessory reproductive tissues. We have previously shown that somatic gonadal cells are required for male GSC specification and maintenance in planarians. However, ophis is not essential for GSC specification or maintenance and, therefore, defines a secondary role for planarian gonadal niche cells in promoting GSC differentiation. Our studies uncover the complement of planarian GPCRs and reveal previously unappreciated roles for these receptors in systemic and local (i. e. , niche) regulation of germ cell development. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
US 82527104 A | Projection system | An image projector that modifies projected images. An imaging device preferably senses information about a projection screen upon which an image is projected. Based on the sensed information about the projection screen, the projector modifies the image in a desired manner, such as rescaling, or correcting distortion in, the projected image. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1324176111 | IgH class switching exploits a general property of two DNA breaks to be joined in cis over long chromosomal distances | Antibody class switch recombination (CSR) in B lymphocytes joins two DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) lying 100-200 kb apart within switch (S) regions in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus (IgH). CSR-activated B lymphocytes generate multiple S-region DSBs in the donor Su and in a downstream acceptor S region, with a DSB in Su being joined to a DSB in the acceptor S region at sufficient frequency to drive CSR in a large fraction of activated B cells. Such frequent joining of widely separated CSR DSBs could be promoted by IgH-specific or B-cell-specific processes or by general aspects of chromosome architecture and DSB repair. Previously, we found that B cellswith two yeast I-SceI endonuclease targets in place of S?1 undergo I-SceI-dependent class switching from IgM to IgG1 at 5-10% of normal levels. Now, we report that B cells in which S?1 is replaced with a 28 I-SceI target array, designed to increase I-SceI DSB frequency, undergo I-SceI-dependent class switching at almost normal levels. High-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing revealed that I-SceI-generated DSBs introduced in cis at Su and S?1 sites are joined together in T cells at levels similar to those of B cells. Such high joining levels also occurred between I-SceI-generated DSBs within c-myc and I-SceI- or CRISPR/Cas9-generated DSBs 100 kb downstream within Pvt1 in B cells or fibroblasts, respectively. We suggest that CSR exploits a general propensity of intrachromosomal DSBs separated by several hundred kilobases to be frequently joined together and discuss the relevance of this finding for recurrent interstitial deletions in cancer. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1038/nature12340 | Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells | Following pioneering work, solution-processable organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites - such as CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) - have attracted attention as light-harvesting materials for mesoscopic solar cells. So far, the perovskite pigment has been deposited in a single step onto mesoporous metal oxide films using a mixture of PbX 2 and CH 3 NH 3 X in a common solvent. However, the uncontrolled precipitation of the perovskite produces large morphological variations, resulting in a wide spread of photovoltaic performance in the resulting devices, which hampers the prospects for practical applications. Here we describe a sequential deposition method for the formation of the perovskite pigment within the porous metal oxide film. PbI 2 is first introduced from solution into a nanoporous titanium dioxide film and subsequently transformed into the perovskite by exposing it to a solution of CH 3 NH 3 I. We find that the conversion occurs within the nanoporous host as soon as the two components come into contact, permitting much better control over the perovskite morphology than is possible with the previously employed route. Using this technique for the fabrication of solid-state mesoscopic solar cells greatly increases the reproducibility of their performance and allows us to achieve a power conversion efficiency of approximately 15 per cent (measured under standard AM1. 5G test conditions on solar zenith angle, solar light intensity and cell temperature). This two-step method should provide new opportunities for the fabrication of solution-processed photovoltaic cells with unprecedented power conversion efficiencies and high stability equal to or even greater than those of today's best thin-film photovoltaic devices. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W4226285189 | Supporting a Sustainable Multi-Energy Planning: The Case Study of Sulcis Iglesiente Province in Italy | In the energy transition context, the design of integrated multi-energy systems is key for reaching ambitious sustainability objectives.Due to the intermittent nature of the renewable energy sources, introducing technologies for storing and transforming energy in different carriers (e.g., electricity, gas, heat) is, in fact, a strategic solution for fully exploiting the renewable power generation, increasing the flexibility of the system, and contributing to the decarbonization.Although the need to rely on multi-energy systems is widely shared, identifying their optimal design requires the use of complex modelling tools able to characterize the territory, simulate the system dynamics, and evaluate the solutions with respect to different sustainability objectives.To support the decarbonization decision-making process, in this work we develop a three-step modelling chain for planning optimal multi-energy systems at the local scale.More precisely, we first perform a territory characterization by estimating, through different methodologies, input data of renewable resource availability, territory exploitation potential, and energy demand of electricity and heat.Then, we carry out a multi-energy analysis identifying Pareto optimal system designs with respect to two sustainability objectives, namely the Net Present Cost and the CO 2 emissions.Finally, we perform an intersectoral Multi Criteria Analysis-Cost Benefit Analysis (MCA-CBA) for evaluating the solutions obtained in the previous step with respect to a wide range of indicators representing energy, economic, and social acceptance aspects.The CBA approach is adopted for evaluating the financial and economic viability of the investment options, while the assessment of non-monetary impacts is performed through the MCA approach.We apply the modelling chain to the real case study of Sulcis Iglesiente (Sardinia, Italy), a territory characterized by carbon-intensive industries, recently selected for receiving funding from the Just Transition Fund launched by the EU Commission in the context of the Green Deal.Expected results aim to demonstrate the validity of the proposed modelling chain in the identification of the best interventions for supporting the decarbonization and the sustainable development of Sulcis Iglesiente. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0114210 | Altercentric intrusions from multiple perspectives: Beyond dyads | Recent findings suggest that in dyadic contexts observers rapidly and involuntarily process the visual perspective of others and cannot easily resist interference from their viewpoint. To investigate whether spontaneous perspective taking extends beyond dyads, we employed a novel visual perspective task that required participants to select between multiple competing perspectives. Participants were asked to judge their own perspective or the visual perspective of one or two avatars who either looked at the same objects or looked at different objects. Results indicate that when a single avatar was present in the room, participants processed the irrelevant perspective even when it interfered with participants' explicit judgments about the relevant perspective. A similar interference effect was observed when two avatars looked at the same discs, but not when they looked at different discs. Indeed, when the two avatars looked at different discs, the interference from the irrelevant perspective was significantly reduced. This is the first evidence that the number and orientation of agents modulate spontaneous perspective taking in non-dyadic contexts: observers may efficiently compute another's perspective, but in presence of more individuals holding discrepant perspectives, they may not spontaneously track multiple viewpoints. These findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that perspective calculation occurs in an effortless and automatic manner. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
DE 112017005584 T | REGELUNG FÜR EIN SIMULIERTES BOHRLOCH ZUM PRÜFEN MIT DYNAMISCHEM UNTERDRUCK | Um die Effizienz eines Perforierungswerkzeugsystems zu optimieren, können untertage herrschende Bedingungen simuliert werden, um die optimale Auslegung für das Perforierungswerkzeugsystem zu bestimmen. Ein simuliertes Bohrloch ist in einer simulierten Bohrlochummantelung angeordnet und an eine Formationsprobe gekoppelt. Das simulierte Bohrloch umfasst das Perforierungswerkzeugsystem und eine oder mehrere Füllscheiben, die ein Volumen des simulierten Bohrlochs aufbrauchen. Die Füllscheiben werden verwendet, um den dynamischen Unterdruck für eine jeweilige Simulation eines Perforierungswerkzeugsystems zu regeln. Eine oder mehrere Messungen, die mit dem Perforierungswerkzeugsystem verbunden sind, können zusammen mit einer oder mehreren Aufnahmen generiert werden, nachdem Sprengladungen des Perforierungswerkzeugsystems zum Detonieren gebracht worden sind. Das Perforierungswerkzeugsystem kann zumindest teilweise auf der Grundlage der einen oder mehreren Messungen und der einen oder mehreren Aufnahmen für den spezifischen dynamischen Unterdruck der Simulation modifiziert werden. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2016519563 | Fabrication of perovskite-type Ba(Sn1−x Ta x )O3 ceramics and their power factors | Perovskite-type Ba(Sn1−x
Ta
x
)O3 (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) ceramics with high relative densities (92.7–94.4 %) were fabricated using the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) method at 1273 K and 196 MPa for 4 h in an atmosphere of argon gas. The lattice parameter decreased slightly with increasing x. From the XPS measurement, the Ta5+ ion was stable in Ba(Sn1−x
Ta
x
)O3 ceramics and the broad peak of the Ta4f level was the overlap between the Ta5+4f5/2 and Ta5+4f7/2 levels. Ba(Sn1−x
Ta
x
)O3 ceramics were n-type semiconductors, and their electrical resistivities increased with increasing x. The increase in the electrical resistivity was explained by impurity scattering due to the presence of the Ta ions. The absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient (S) increased with increasing temperature and x. The power factor (S
2
σ), which was calculated from electrical conductivity (σ) and the Seebeck coefficient, was ca. 1.0 × 10−5 W m−1 K−2 at x = 0.01. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W1982690360 | Maximizing the bandwidth multiplier effect for hybrid cloud-P2P content distribution | Hybrid cloud-P2P content distribution (“CloudP2P”) provides a promising alternative to the conventional cloud-based or peer-to-peer (P2P)-based large-scale content distribution. It addresses the potential limitations of these two conventional approaches while inheriting their advantages. A key strength of CloudP2P lies in the so-called bandwidth multiplier effect: by appropriately allocating a small portion of cloud (server) bandwidth S i to a peer swarm i (consisting of users interested in the same content) to seed the content, the users in the peer swarm — with an aggregate download bandwidth D i — can then distribute the content among themselves; we refer to the ratio D i /S i as the bandwidth multiplier (for peer swarm i). A major problem in the design of a CloudP2P content distribution system is therefore how to allocate cloud (server) bandwidth to peer swarms so as to maximize the overall bandwidth multiplier effect of the system. In this paper, using real-world measurements, we identify the key factors that affect the bandwidth multipliers of peer swarms and thus construct a fine-grained performance model for addressing the optimal bandwidth allocation problem (OBAP). Then we develop a fast-convergent iterative algorithm to solve OBAP. Both trace-driven simulations and prototype implementation confirm the efficacy of our solution. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.032 | The Role of SurA PPIase Domains in Preventing Aggregation of the Outer-Membrane Proteins tOmpA and OmpT | SurA is a conserved ATP-independent periplasmic chaperone involved in the biogenesis of outer-membrane proteins (OMPs). Escherichia coli SurA has a core domain and two peptidylprolyl isomerase (PPIase) domains, the role(s) of which remain unresolved. Here we show that while SurA homologues in early proteobacteria typically contain one or no PPIase domains, the presence of two PPIase domains is common in SurA in later proteobacteria, implying an evolutionary advantage for this domain architecture. Bioinformatics analysis of > 350,000 OMP sequences showed that their length, hydrophobicity and aggregation propensity are similar across the proteobacterial classes, ruling out a simple correlation between SurA domain architecture and these properties of OMP sequences. To investigate the role of the PPIase domains in SurA activity, we deleted one or both PPIase domains from E. coli SurA and investigated the ability of the resulting proteins to bind and prevent the aggregation of tOmpA (19 kDa) and OmpT (33 kDa). The results show that wild-type SurA inhibits the aggregation of both OMPs, as do the cytoplasmic OMP chaperones trigger factor and SecB. However, while the ability of SurA to bind and prevent tOmpA aggregation does not depend on its PPIase domains, deletion of even a single PPIase domain ablates the ability of SurA to prevent OmpT aggregation. The results demonstrate that the core domain of SurA endows its generic chaperone ability, while the presence of PPIase domains enhances its chaperone activity for specific OMPs, suggesting one reason for the conservation of multiple PPIase domains in SurA in proteobacteria. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1039/C5GC01610J | Enhanced Tunability Afforded By Aqueous Biphasic Systems Formed By Fluorinated Ionic Liquids And Carbohydrates | This work unveils the formation of novel aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) formed by perfluoroalkylsulfonate-based ionic liquids (ILs) and a large number of carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides and polyols) aiming at establishing more benign alternatives to the salts commonly used. The respective ternary phase diagrams were determined at 298 K. The aptitude of the carbohydrates to induce phase separation closely follows their hydration capability, while the length of the IL cation/anion fluorinated chain also plays a crucial role. Finally, these systems were investigated as liquid–liquid extraction strategies for four food dyes. Single-step extraction efficiencies for the carbohydrate-rich phase up to 94% were obtained. Remarkably and contrarily to the most investigated IL-salt ABS, most dyes preferentially migrate for the most hydrophilic and biocompatible carbohydrate-rich phase – an outstanding advantage when envisaging the products recovery and further use. On the other hand, more hydrophobic dyes preferentially partition to the IL-rich phase, disclosing therefore these novel systems as highly amenable to be tuned by the proper choice of the phase-forming components. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.87.205143 | Optical spectra of solids obtained by time-dependent density functional theory with the jellium-with-gap-model exchange-correlation kernel | Within the framework of ab initio time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), we propose a static approximation to the exchange-correlation kernel based on the jellium-with-gap model. This kernel accounts for electron-hole interactions, and it is able to address both strongly bound excitons and weak excitonic effects. TD-DFT absorption spectra of several bulk materials (both semiconductor and insulators) are reproduced in very good agreement with the experiments and with a low computational cost. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W3000617922 | Enhancing Europe’s Global Power: A Scenario Exercise with Eight Proposals | In the present context of intensifying competition between the major trading economies and potentially game-changing technological developments, the European Union is generally seen as the weaker party. Lacking the ‘hard power’ derived from military capabilities, it has laid claim to a ‘soft power’ of normative influence externally, yet even that is only partially utilised. Nor has Europe been able to exercise the power to coerce – ‘sharp power’ – commensurate with its economic weight as a trading bloc equivalent in size and reach to the US or China, its most prominent global competitors. How can Europe strengthen its position, and in what fields? Through a scenario exercise, we develop eight policy proposals aimed at countering Europe´s vulnerabilities and enabling it to assert its sharp and soft power more effectively. Specifically, we consider the feasibility, means and scope for their realisation. Together, they provide a transformative agenda for the EU’s position in the world. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W52721404 | Étude de la qualité de vie dans les néoplasies ovariennes : outils et enjeux | Health-related quality of life (QoL) in patients treated for ovarian cancer is directly and heavily impacted by the natural history of cancer, its evolution and its therapeutic modalities. The evaluation and consideration of various parameters of QoL seems to be a major issue. Indeed, on the one hand, it is essential to take into account the opinion of patients in the choice of therapeutic strategies for this cancer with a poor prognosis and, on the other hand, more and more studies show that QoL is an independent prognostic factor in ovarian cancer. Improvement in this case, in addition to being an endpoint by itself, would potentially improve the overall survival of patients. To date there are several tools to assess QOL of patients with ovarian cancer. The 2 questionnaires most commonly used are: FACT-O and the EORTC QLQ-OV28. The aim of our study was to evaluate from a review of the literature, the reciprocal effects of ovarian cancer on QoL and QoL on ovarian cancer survival, as well as specificities of each of the 2 questionnaires most commonly used in assessing the QoL. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30090-3 | Lean Economies And Innovation In Mental Health Systems | Poor access to mental health care is widely reported, although it differs according to sociopolitical and economic contexts. In emerging economies, including Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS), there has been increased public investment in recent years, but rapid economic growth in these countries has now slowed. Precarious global transitions affect both the burden of mental health problems and demand for services. Innovations prompted by these transitions, in both high-income and low-income countries, could help meet population needs during times of economic shock, whether scarcity or affluence. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W4280616681 | Evaluating the growth of genetically improved tilapia <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> reared at different temperatures | Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the growth and performance of genetically improved tilapia reared at different temperatures. Four hundred and eighty fingerlings of Genomar Supreme Tilapia, GST (8.39 ± 0.60 g) were equally separated into three indoor water recirculation systems maintained at 22, 26 and 30 ºC. Each of four tanks contained 500 liters with 40 fish per tank in natural photoperiod. The fish were fed ad libitum with the same feed for each growth phase, weighing the total feed supplied. After 30 min of feeding, leftover feed was collected, dried in an oven and weighed. Ten fish from each tank were weighed at days 1, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210. Survival, weight gain, feed conversion and feed intake in each period were determined. Fish reared at 30 ºC and 26 ºC showed a higher specific growth rate than that of fish reared at 22ºC (P≤0.05). Feed intake increased along temperature and feed conversion and was poorest in fish reared at 26ºC (P≤0.05). Final fish weight estimates at day 210 by the Gompertz model were 597.84, 819.26 and 1079.39 g for 22, 26 and 30 ºC, respectively. At 30 ºC, fish had a higher absolute growth rate (7.76 g day −1 ) and lower weight (459.30 g) and age (95.85 days) at the inflection point. Tilapia at 22 ºC had a higher weight (539.57 g) and age (197 days) and lower absolute growth rate (4.52 g day −1 ). It was concluded that GST tilapia can potentially improve aquaculture in all Brazilian regions based on different rearing temperatures. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP03(2017)022 | Dichroic Subjettiness Ratios To Distinguish Colour Flows In Boosted Boson Tagging | $N$-subjettiness ratios are in wide use for tagging heavy boosted objects, in particular the ratio of 2-subjettiness to 1-subjettiness for tagging boosted electroweak bosons. In this article we introduce a new, \emph{dichroic} ratio, which uses different regions of a jet to determine the two subjettiness measures, emphasising the hard substructure for the 1-subjettiness and the full colour radiation pattern for the 2-subjettiness. Relative to existing $N$-subjettiness ratios, the dichroic extension, combined with SoftDrop (pre-)grooming, makes it possible to increase the ultimate signal significance by about $25\%$ (for $2\,\text{TeV}$ jets), or to reduce non-perturbative effects by a factor of $2{-}3$ at $50\%$ signal efficiency while maintaining comparable background rejection. We motivate the dichroic approach through the study of Lund diagrams, supplemented with resummed analytical calculations. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W402103026 | Developing Sustainable Process in Water Economy Using Social Media | The main idea developed here is how to involve people to promote a new behavior to economize water as supported by the local authorities process. Usually, the population is affected by the cities policies when they are subject to fines related to high water use during times of crisis. Then the local authorities impose solutions without consultations of concerned communities. This top-down process is often considered as imposed by the mayor or the local authority and may lead to bad feeling by the population and is not corresponding to a new societal behavior in the social web era. We will suggest a new way to involve the population using the social media as a new approach to imply them in this process. This information can be conveyed and shared with the public in such way to support mayor or authorities policies. In other way we will propose a new approach using social media processes as a node in the first hand to encourage the population to participate to the debate and to fit a new solution encouraging all population to get part of the policies adopted based on a bayesian approach. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
170253 | Feasibility study to evaluate a novel prostate cancer diagnostic | Palpation Diagnostics is developing the ProstaPalp technology, a novel in vivo medical device, which can measure the physical characteristics of the prostate during a routine digital rectal examination. The technology has been developed over the last 17 years in collaboration between clinicians at the Edinburgh Western General Hospital and engineers at Heriot-Watt University.
The technology addresses the unmet need of a diagnostic that can be used in the active monitoring and triaging of patients, with suspected prostate cancer. Every year more than 45 million men worldwide are screened for prostate cancer and 8 million men referred for a biopsy – around 1.3m biopsies in the EU. Around 75% of these biopsies are unnecessary. The biopsy procedure is painful and associated with a number of secondary complications, such as erectile dysfunction and
incontinence. Our device provides a triage test allowing patients without significant disease to be removed from the clinical care pathway. It can also be used to actively monitor those patients remaining. The commercial potential is significant, with an addressable global market of over £1bn.
Palpation Diagnostics will conduct a feasibility study to detail the commercialisation route for the technology. It will further validate the clinical need, regulatory environment, quantify key markets, detail products development costs and route to market. The feasibility will complement an on-going clinical trial in Edinburgh and lead into an application for Phase 2
Horizon funding. This will then be used for further clinical validation and product development. Our device can triage patient from the clinical pathway and provides a low cost approach for active monitoring. The
Prostapalp helps addresses the global and European challenge of spiralling healthcare costs, which is largely due to an aging population (EU Ageing Report: Economic and Budgetary Projections, 2012). | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.tecto.2009.04.010 | Implications of incremental emplacement of magma bodies for magma differentiation, thermal aureole dimensions and plutonism-volcanism relationships | Field observations and geophysical data indicate that many igneous bodies grow by amalgamation of successive magma pulses that commonly take the shape of horizontal sheets (sills). Emplacement styles and emplacement rates of magma bodies have fundamental implications on magma differentiation, country rock metamorphism and assimilation, and for the formation of large magma chambers in the upper crust. When a magma body begins to grow by slow accretion of sills, each successive intrusion solidifies before the injection of the next one. When the system is thermally mature, sill temperatures equilibrate above the solidus, melts accumulate and older sills can re-melt. The time needed for each magma injection to cool down and equilibrate with its surrounding is short relatively to the total emplacement time of the body. The transition from a mafic crystal-poor magma to a partially molten rock that retains a highly differentiated melt is fast, whereas the resulting evolved residual melt can reside in the crust for protracted periods. As long as temperatures in the system are relatively low, highly differentiated melts are generated, which may explain the bi-modal character and the absence of intermediate compositions in some magmatic provinces. The level of emplacement of successive magma pulses controls the shape of the thermal anomaly associated with the magma body growth. Metamorphism, partial melting and assimilation of the country rock are favoured if successive magma sheets are emplaced at or close to the country rock-magma body boundary. If the magma emplacement rate is low, the size of the thermal aureole is controlled by the size of one pulse and not by the size of the entire igneous body. Understanding emplacement of magma bodies is fundamental for our understanding of the plutonism-volcanism relationship. Magma emplacement rates of several centimetres per year are needed for a magma body to evolve into a large magma chamber able to feed large silicic explosive eruptions. The time-averaged emplacement rates of plutons are lower than this critical emplacement rate. Eruptions of 100s to 1000s cubic kilometres of silicic products show that such high volumes of magmas can accumulate in the upper crust. This suggests that the emplacement of magma bodies is a multi-timescale process with the development of large magma chambers corresponding to the highest magma fluxes. Because they control magmatic processes and the impact of magma intrusion on the country rock, future studies should focus on magma emplacement rates and on magma emplacement geometries. These studies should integrate field observation on plutons and geophysical data on active magmatic systems, coupled with laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
648785 | Using Embodied Cognition to Create the Next Generations of Body-based User Interfaces | Recent advances in user interfaces (UIs) allow users to interact with computers using only their body, so-called body-based UIs. Instead of moving a mouse or tapping a touch surface, people can use whole-body movements to navigate in games, gesture in mid-air to interact with large displays, or scratch their forearm to control a mobile phone. Body-based UIs are attractive because they free users from having to hold or touch a device and because they allow always-on, eyes-free interaction. Currently, however, research on body-based UIs proceeds in an ad hoc fashion and when body-based UIs are compared to device-based alternatives, they perform poorly. This is likely because little is known about the body as a user interface and because it is unclear whether theory and design principles from human-computer interaction (HCI) can be applied to body-based UIs. While body-based UIs may well be the next interaction paradigm for HCI, results so far are mixed.
This project aims at establishing the scientific foundation for the next generations of body-based UIs. The main novelty in my approach is to use results and methods from research on embodied cognition. Embodied cognition suggest that thinking (including reasoning, memory, and emotion) is shaped by our bodies, and conversely, that our bodies reflect thinking. We use embodied cognition to study how body-based UIs affect users, and to increase our understanding of similarities and differences to device-based input. From those studies we develop new body-based UIs, both for input (e.g., gestures in mid-air) and output (e.g., stimulating users’ muscles to move their fingers), and evaluate users’ experience of interacting through their bodies. We also show how models, evaluation criteria, and design principles in HCI need to be adapted for embodied cognition and body-based UIs. If successful, the project will show how to create body-based UIs that are usable and orders of magnitude better than current UIs. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201834800 | Spatial Segregation Of Dust Grains In Transition Disks Sphere Observations Of 2Mass J16083070 3828268 And Rxj1852 3 3700 | Context. The mechanisms governing the opening of cavities in transition disks are not fully understood. Several processes have been proposed but their occurrence rate is still unknown. Aims. We present spatially resolved observations of two transition disks and aim at constraining their vertical and radial structure using multiwavelength observations. Methods. We have obtained near-IR scattered light observations with VLT/SPHERE of the transition disks J1608 and J1852. We complement our datasets with ALMA observations and with unresolved photometric observations covering a wide range of wavelengths. We performed radiative transfer modeling to analyze the morphology of the disks and compare the results with a sample of 20 other transition disks observed with both SPHERE and ALMA. Results. The scattered light image of J1608 reveals a very inclined disk, with two bright lobes and a large cavity. J1852 shows an inner ring extending beyond the coronagraphic radius up to 15au, a gap and a second ring at 42au. Our radiative transfer model of J1608 indicates that the millimeter-sized grains are less extended vertically and radially than the micron-sized grains, indicating advanced settling and radial drift. We find good agreement with the observations of J1852 with a similar model, but due to the low inclination of the system, the model remains partly degenerate. The analysis of 22 transition disks shows that, in general, the cavities observed in scattered light are smaller than the ones detected at millimeter wavelengths. Conclusions. The analysis of a sample of transition disks indicates that the small grains can flow inward of the region where millimeter grains are trapped. While 15 out of the 22 cavities in our sample could be explained by a planet of less than 13 Jupiter masses, the others either require the presence of a more massive companion or of several low-mass planets. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
170704 | Controls on knickpoint migration and consequences for landscape evolution: experimental and numerical modelling | As the link between the fluvial network and hillslopes, bedrock channels mediate the response of the landscape to changing boundary conditions, such as tectonics and climate through migrating ‘knickzones’ or ‘knickpoints’, yet the complexities of the mechanisms of knickpoint retreat are often ignored in studies of landscape evolution. This fellowship aims to understand the controls on knickpoint retreat rate and explore the implications for landscape evolution (e.g. channel-hillslope coupling) and other processes that respond through an ‘upstream incision wave’ such as gully erosion, using a range of complementary experimental and numerical modelling approaches. The experimental modelling will isolate the impact of different controls (discharge, knickpoint erosion mechanism, bedrock strength, sediment flux) on knickpoint retreat which will be used to develop an understanding of the key factors that can be used to predict knickpoint retreat through landscapes. This understanding will then be implemented in the numerical landscape evolution code €ros, through the adaptation of the parameters that control knickpoint retreat (currently based on the stream-power incision model assumption that knickpoint retreat scales with drainage area). The model will be run on several mountain landscapes ranging from areas where previous work has identified a strong correlation between knickpoint retreat rate and discharge/drainage area (e.g. New Zealand) to study areas where other factors are thought to be more dominant in controlling the retreat rate (e.g. Iceland). This will improve the understanding of how these landscapes have responded to changes in past changes tectonic/climate forcing, and can also be used to predict how the landscapes will respond to future transient forcing over short and long timescales. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.4954926 | Ultra High Vacuum Compatible Induction Heated Rod Casting Furnace | We report the design of a radio-frequency induction-heated rod casting furnace that permits the preparation of polycrystalline ingots of intermetallic compounds under ultra-high vacuum compatible conditions. The central part of the system is a bespoke water-cooled Hukin crucible supporting a casting mold. Depending on the choice of the mold, typical rods have a diameter between 6 mm and 10 mm and a length up to 90 mm, suitable for single-crystal growth by means of float-zoning. The setup is all-metal sealed and may be baked out. We find that the resulting ultra-high vacuum represents an important precondition for processing compounds with high vapor pressures under a high-purity argon atmosphere up to 3 bars. Using the rod casting furnace, we succeeded to prepare large high-quality single crystals of two half-Heusler compounds, namely, the itinerant antiferromagnet CuMnSb and the half-metallic ferromagnet NiMnSb. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.061 | Structural Insights into the Mammalian Late-Stage Initiation Complexes | In higher eukaryotes, the mRNA sequence in the direct vicinity of the start codon, called the Kozak sequence (CRCCaugG, where R is a purine), is known to influence the rate of the initiation process. However, the molecular basis underlying its role remains poorly understood. Here, we present the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of mammalian late-stage 48S initiation complexes (LS48S ICs) in the presence of two different native mRNA sequences, β-globin and histone 4, at overall resolution of 3 and 3. 5 Å, respectively. Our high-resolution structures unravel key interactions from the mRNA to eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs): 1A, 2, 3, 18S rRNA, and several 40S ribosomal proteins. In addition, we are able to study the structural role of ABCE1 in the formation of native 48S ICs. Our results reveal a comprehensive map of ribosome/eIF-mRNA and ribosome/eIF-tRNA interactions and suggest the impact of mRNA sequence on the structure of the LS48S IC. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
883420 | Development and commercialisation of the hand-held smart testing equipment for the instantaneous quality control of the concrete and cement | Cementitious materials are used in virtually all construction and engineering projects and the far reaching consequences of
poor quality control cannot be underestimated. This is illustrated by the numerous examples of structural failure in buildings
and civil engineering projects and the disastrous failure of the cement of the Maconda oil well in 2010 causing the BP
Deepwater Horizon oil spill and explosion killing 11 people and injuring 17 others, plus enormous environmental damage.
There are a large variety of tests that are applied to cements and concretes including slump tests, compactability, flow table
tests, density and air content. These tests yield results in a short period of time so a batch that does not meet the
specification can be identified quickly. However, the direct measurement of strength according to standards BS
EN197-1:2011/EN196-1 (cement) and BS EN 206:2013/ BS EN 12390-1:2012 (concrete) requires that samples are cured for
28 days. Concrete and cement manufacturers, concrete suppliers and their customers all experience long delays waiting for
confirmation of the strength of cementitious building products.
Our ConcTest technology alleviates such uncertainty. The handheld instrument rapidly and reliably predicts the ultimate
strength whilst the concrete (or cement) is in the wet state. This provides the whole value-chain with high levels of
confidence regarding the strength that will be achieved allowing better stock management. Out of specification batches can
be identified and corrected immediately, and building and construction projects can assess the quality of concrete on the day
of pouring, avoiding the need for remedial works if the product fails the 28 day tests.
This project application relates to commercialisation of a truly novel and ground-breaking device which will be used for the
rapid quality assurance of cementitious products through the whole value-chain. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/2014GC005414 | Dynamics Of Lithospheric Thinning And Mantle Melting By Edge Driven Convection Application To Moroccan Atlas Mountains | Edge-driven convection (EDC) forms in the upper mantle at locations of lithosphere thickness gradients, e. g. , craton edges. In this study we show how the traditional style of EDC, a convection cell governed by the cold downwelling below an edge alternates with another style of EDC, in which the convection cell forms as a secondary feature with a hot asthenospheric shear flow from underneath the thicker lithosphere. These alternating EDC styles produce episodic lithosphere erosion and decompression melting. Three-dimensional models of EDC show that convection rolls form perpendicular to the thickness gradient at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Stagnant-lid convection scaling laws are used to gain further insight in the underlying physical processes. Application of our models to the Moroccan Atlas mountains region shows that the combination of these two styles of EDC can reproduce many of the observations from the Atlas mountains, including two distinct periods of Cenozoic volcanism, a semicontinuous corridor of thinned lithosphere under the Atlas mountains, and piecewise delamination of the lithosphere. A very good match between observations and numerical models is found for the lithosphere thicknesses across the study area, amounts of melts produced, and the length of the quiet gap in between volcanic episodes show quantitative match to observations. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1098/rspb.2017.2003 | Macroecological factors shape local-scale spatial patterns in agriculturalist settlements | Macro-scale patterns of human systems ranging from population distribution to linguistic diversity have attracted recent attention, giving rise to the suggestion that macroecological rules shape the assembly of human societies. However, in which aspects the geography of our own species is shaped by macroecological factors remains poorly understood. Here, we provide a first demonstration that macroecological factors shape strong local-scale spatial patterns in human settlement systems, through an analysis of spatial patterns in agriculturalist settlements in eastern mainland China based on high-resolution Google Earth images. We used spatial point pattern analysis to show that settlement spatial patterns are characterized by over-dispersion at fine spatial scales (0. 05–1. 4 km), consistent with territory segregation, and clumping at coarser spatial scales beyond the over-dispersion signals, indicating territorial clustering. Statistical modelling shows that, at macroscales, potential evapotranspiration and topographic heterogeneity have negative effects on territory size, but positive effects on territorial clustering. These relationships are in line with predictions from territory theory for hunter-gatherers as well as for many animal species. Our results help to disentangle the complex interactions between intrinsic spatial processes in agriculturalist societies and external forcing by macroecological factors. While one may speculate that humans can escape ecological constraints because of unique abilities for environmental modification and globalized resource transportation, our work highlights that universal macroecological principles still shape the geography of current human agricultural societies. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1111/pce.13189 | Genome-wide signatures of flowering adaptation to climate temperature: Regional analyses in a highly diverse native range of Arabidopsis thaliana | Current global change is fueling an interest to understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to climate. In particular, altered flowering time is a common strategy for escape from unfavourable climate temperature. In order to determine the genomic bases underlying flowering time adaptation to this climatic factor, we have systematically analysed a collection of 174 highly diverse Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from the Iberian Peninsula. Analyses of 1. 88 million single nucleotide polymorphisms provide evidence for a spatially heterogeneous contribution of demographic and adaptive processes to geographic patterns of genetic variation. Mountains appear to be allele dispersal barriers, whereas the relationship between flowering time and temperature depended on the precise temperature range. Environmental genome-wide associations supported an overall genome adaptation to temperature, with 9. 4% of the genes showing significant associations. Furthermore, phenotypic genome-wide associations provided a catalogue of candidate genes underlying flowering time variation. Finally, comparison of environmental and phenotypic genome-wide associations identified known (Twin Sister of FT, FRIGIDA-like 1, and Casein Kinase II Beta chain 1) and new (Epithiospecifer Modifier 1 and Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 5) genes as candidates for adaptation to climate temperature by altered flowering time. Thus, this regional collection provides an excellent resource to address the spatial complexity of climate adaptation in annual plants. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313531 | Single-cell sequencing of the mammalian heart time to dive deeper | Recent developments in RNA sequencing are now al lowing us to study genome-wide gene expression dif-ferences in individual cells. Although still relatively in early days, knowledge obtained by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) has already signifcantly improved our understanding in biology and disease and will undoubtedly continue to do so. However, as is true for many new technologies, scRNA seq still comes with limitations that confne the insights that can be gained from the acquired data. Both biology and current methodology impact the outcomes and restrict us in getting a complete and true view on genome-wide gene expression changes occurring at a single-cell level. Although further improvements will surely resolve at least a part of these limitations, as yet, we should be mindful of how to appropriately mine the data to advance our knowledge of molecular mechanisms relevant for biology. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
US 201715806630 A | MAGNETIC PAPER PRODUCT CAPABLE OF BEING DIRECTLY PRINTED | A magnetic paper product capable of being printed directly and the preparation method thereof are provided. The product has the unique feature, consisting of a friction-holding covering thin layer, on which sequentially set with a magnetic layer and a printable layer. The friction-holding covering thin layer is a nonwoven fabric called cotton paper (mianzhi) in Chinese. It can achieve the effect of printing magnetic paper after being magnetized, eliminating the trouble that the terminal user has to magnetize the paper after printing, improving the grade of inflexibility of the magnetic paper, reflection of the light and the flatness of the printing surface, solving the problem which has been a plague of the magnetic paper industry and the printing industry for long time. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s10444-014-9364-1 | An algorithm for total variation regularized photoacoustic imaging | Recovery of image data from photoacoustic measurements asks for the inversion of the spherical mean value operator. In contrast to direct inversion methods for specific geometries, we consider a semismooth Newton scheme to solve a total variation regularized least squares problem. During the iteration, each matrix vector multiplication is realized in an efficient way using a recently proposed spectral discretization of the spherical mean value operator. All theoretical results are illustrated by numerical experiments. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
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