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683108 | Single molecule imaging of transmembrane protein structure and function in their native state | TransPhorm will pioneer a transformative technology platform based on Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) magnetometry to enable the structure and function of transmembrane proteins (TMPs) to be studied in their native state with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution. TMPs reside in the membrane of biological cells and are critical to cellular function and communication. It is essential that TMPs are characterised in their native state as their structure and function is dependent on their interaction with the local environment. This is technically demanding and despite previous attempts using a multitude of complementary techniques no single method has provided a suitable solution. Here a breakthrough approach will be taken to demonstrate in situ TMP characterisation with single molecule sensitivity, nanoscale spatial resolution and millisecond measurement speed.
The concepts proposed in TransPhorm are distinct from current implementations of NV magnetometry for detection and mapping of weak magnetic fields originating from external nuclear spins. Here magnetic field mapping will be achieved using a totally new approach based on widefield, high speed structured illumination total internal reflection microscopy. The concepts TransPhorm are built on will also enable structural and functional single molecular characterisation with high specificity by exploiting the outstanding sensitivity to the local environment of fluorine-19 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) reporters and the ion selectivity of sodium-23 and potassium-39 NMR spectroscopy.
In short, TransPhorm will deliver a ground-breaking technology to far surpass current state-of-the-art techniques and provide the extreme sensitivity needed to understand the molecular scale dynamic changes that underpin TMP function. Overall the strategy and technologies proposed here will pave an untravelled path to the realisation of nanoscale NMR imaging and deliver tremendous scientific gains. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2019544209 | A non-electromagnetic wavefield in affine <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si6.gif" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>-spacetime with covariance properties under a Lorentz-type of transformation | A non-electromagnetic wavefield is constructed that shows covariance properties under a Lorentz-type of transformation of the relevant space–time coordinates and associated field and source quantities in affine ( N + 1 ) -spacetime. The construction goes along the lines of the axiomatic physical approach that has served to construct Lorentz-covariant electromagnetic fields in ( N + 1 ) -spacetime as a generalization of their ( 3 + 1 ) -spacetime counterparts. In accordance with general concepts about wave phenomena as the carriers of information (in the field quantities) and accompanied by a transfer of energy (descriptive of the wave’s interaction with other thermodynamic systems) and a transfer of momentum (descriptive of the wave’s interaction with mechanical systems), one kind of field and source quantities is taken as a tensor of rank one (vector), the other as an omnidirectional tensor of rank two (which is equivalent to a scalar). The wavelike character of the solutions of the field equations has been ascertained by letting the relative changes in space of the intensive field quantities be counterbalanced by relative changes in time of the extensive field quantities. The existence of covariant field equations under a Lorentz-type of transformation of the special relativity type in ( N + 1 ) -spacetime leads to the conjecture that the field under consideration could correspond to some physical field in the universe that (in line with Lorentz’s view on physical cosmology) differs in properties from the electromagnetic one and, if it exists, could couple to the electromagnetic field. • A non-electromagnetic Lorentz-covariant wavefield in ( N + 1 )-spacetime is constructed. • The wavefield equations in affine ( N + 1 )-spacetime are array-structured. • The wavefield is (conjectured) candidate for the gravitational field in physical cosmology. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
W2476942463 | Complex Systems Dynamics and Sustainability | This chapter explores the implications of a complex dynamic systems perspective for the adequate conception of sustainability and satisfactory sustainability policy. The essence of sustainability policy is the appropriate management of human interaction with the natural world, with a particular emphasis on interactions that involve risks to valuable, especially life-supporting, environmental processes. The limitations on predictability also suggest that responsible sustainability policy will be a co-evolutionary learning process, not only at tactical scales among intention, prediction and action, but also at strategic scales between theory and observation, and between values, which direct policy goals, and descriptive understanding. Inherent limitations on dynamical modeling, prediction and normative development imply that a portfolio of precautionary do-a-little-to-learn activities is as important a component of sustainability strategy as is activity directed at maintaining current substantively valued conditions and processes. The dynamics of these learning processes are also characterized by strong positive feedback loops and path-dependent sensitivity to initial conditions. Furthermore, achieving the adequate management of risk in behaviorally complex systems implies a requirement for a robust appreciation of the significance of values implicit in both learning and other methodological norms, in addition to the traditionally recognized significance of values in the determination of substantive policy goals. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
W1996936086 | Graph indexing of road networks for shortest path queries with label restrictions | The current widespread use of location-based services and GPS technologies has revived interest in very fast and scalable shortest path queries. We introduce a new shortest path query type in which dynamic constraints may be placed on the allowable set of edges that can appear on a valid shortest path (e.g., dynamically restricting the type of roads or modes of travel which may be considered in a multimodal transportation network). We formalize this problem as a specific variant of formal language constrained shortest path problems, which we call the Kleene Language Constrained Shortest Paths problem. To efficiently support this type of dynamically constrained shortest path query for large-scale datasets, we extend the hierarchical graph indexing technique known as Contraction Hierarchies. Our experimental evaluation using the North American road network dataset (with over 50 million edges) shows an average query speed and search space improvement of over 3 orders of magnitude compared to the naïve adaptation of the standard Dijkstra's algorithm to support this query type. We also show an improvement of over 2 orders of magnitude compared to the only previously-existing indexing technique which could solve this problem without additional preprocessing. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
984631 | B25Tr - new and innovative turbocharged engine | B25Tr is a new and innovative turbocharged engine. The B25Tr will be proposed to the LSA and GA markets. To
realize this product, it is necessary to upgrade the aspirated engine to a turbo-charged engine.
The world of LSA manufacturers and that of aircraft engine manufacturers have advanced at two different
speeds: the aircrafts have advanced rapidly and with obvious innovative transformations, while the engines
have advanced slowly or almost still mainly due to the absence of competition. The LSA market is hungry for
technological innovation and is rapidly expanding worldwide and therefore it needs engines with greater
performance to better express the LSA aircraft potential. The GA market has stopped growing due to the high
costs of purchase and maintenance.
B25Tr introduces novelty and added value: it will offer the best power/weight ratio with the highest efficiency
of the market of aero engines. It will be the only engine completely water cooled, with a gear box, fuel
injection, SOHC, the crank shaft of ball bearing and connecting rod on needle bearing.
B25Tr delivers tangible and direct benefits: it allows to use the engine at Hight altitude: the LSA aircrafts will
have the possibility to use lightweight engines with more power, without loss of performance with altitude, so
will be more competitive with the actual GA aircrafts. It allows to offer a new generation engine with better
weight/power ratios and better performance. It allows to have cheaper purchase and maintenance costs. It
allows to have a reduction of fuel consumption and polluting effects with greater attention to the
environmental impact (20 litres/hour against the 40 litres/hours).
B25Tr addresses the needs of a large B2B and B2C user B25Tr addresses the needs of the LSA and GA Market,
based on aircraft characteristics. There is also the category of homebuilt aircrafts and drones used for border
control and safety control.
B25Tr’s Total Addressable Market (TAM) is 72bn EUR in EU 28. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/acscatal.6b00668 | Electrochemical Behavior of Electrodeposited Nanoporous Pt Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction | Nanoporous Pt based nanoparticles (NP's) are promising fuel cell catalysts due to their high surface area and increased electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR. In this work a direct double-pulse electrodeposition procedure at room temperature is applied to obtain dendritic Pt structures (89 nm diameter) with a high level of porosity (ca. 25%) and nanopores of 2 nm protruding until the center of the NP's. The particle morphology is characterized using aberration-corrected high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and electron tomography (ET) combined with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and macroscopic electrochemical measurements to assess their activity and stability toward the ORR. Macroscopic determination of the active surface area through hydrogen UPD measurements in combination with FESEM and ET showed that a considerable amount of the active sites inside the pores of the low overpotential NP's were accessible to oxygen species. As a result of this accessibility, up to a 9-fold enhancement of the Pt mass corrected ORR activity at 0. 85 V vs RHE was observed at the highly porous structures. After successive potential cycling upward to 1. 5 V vs RHE in a deaerated HClO4 solution a negative shift of 71 mV in half-wave potential occurred. This decrease in ORR activity could be correlated to the partial collapse of the nanopores, visible in both the EASA values and 3D ET reconstructions. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W284736636 | Peer Review Pressure | Last night, at one of the area's nicest restaurants, Jim Jensen and his firm had hosted a dinner for Carla Fielding, the accounting department chair at the local state university, and many of her faculty members. Jim was the managing partner of Flanigan & Smith, one of the city's largest accounting firms. The firm had long been a strong supporter and advocate of the accounting department. In his after-dinner presentation, after expressing some heartfelt praise for the department and its graduates, Jim went on to air an issue that had been troubling him. He expressed concern that the firm's senior accountants seemed incapable, or at least unwilling, to critique in a meaningful way the team members they supervised in the firm. These senior accountants just would not say anything critical of their staff; it seemed to him that peer pressure not to judge others was impairing the firm's peer review process. This lack of critical review had become a growing problem for the firm over the past few years as fairly recent hires moved into senior positions. As the discussion unfolded, Jim left little doubt that, in his opinion, there was a need for the university to improve the peer review and evaluation skills of its graduates as part of its curriculum. The next day, Carla and some of her faculty members discussed the issue Jim had raised. Though brief, the lively discussion ranged widely. One end of the range included a possible value-added perspective. If higher quality peer review training could be added to the curriculum, it might be an opportunity to differentiate the department's graduates from its competitors. At the other end of the range was the opinion that perhaps such training was not directly part of an accounting education and really wasn't the department's responsibility. Although large corporations often possessed the critical mass necessary to provide in-house training programs to grow employees' skill sets, most accounting firms did not--they were just too small. The issue was a sticky one; did the problem really demand the department's attention or was it something that could just be ignored? And what might be the consequences of either course of action? Wading into the Issue Carla continued to think about Jim's request. What, if anything, needed to be done in response? It wasn't as if the criticism were provided by an insignificant supporter. This was one of the largest firms in the area, which supported the department both by hiring its graduates and by sponsoring a faculty lectureship. She knew that the partner's concern was real and that there was little danger of losing his support. But she also knew the firm recruited elsewhere and the importance of securing external financial support was growing as the state's budgetary problems continued to reduce funding for higher education. Carla wanted the department to be proactive and sensitive to the needs of those who hired its graduates, but where did the department's responsibility end and that of employers begin? The accounting major already had a demanding curriculum with more credit hours than any other business major. Course offerings were impacted through topic coverage needed to pass the professional CPA Exam. In addition, new accounting, auditing, and legal (tax laws) standards were routinely being promulgated, applying increasing pressure to squeeze even more content into a relatively fixed number of course offerings. Given this situation, was the imposition of increased coverage of a non-content item like peer review training into the department curriculum even reasonable to consider? What role should the department assume with respect to peer review skill development? Did the department's responsibility extend beyond helping its graduates obtain entry level professional positions, or was increased training in peer review something for which the profession itself should assume the major responsibility? … | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
3739086 | Integrated microfluidic platform for proteomic and genetic exosome detection | In order to adapt treatment to the multicity of cancer types, cancer patient management has been revolutionized in the past decades by personalized medicine. As part of this strategy, liquid biopsy has emerged as a non-invasive approach for personalized diagnostics and treatment. So far, this approach has focused on circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA. However, extracellular vesicles termed exosomes, which are implicated in cellular communication and molecule transfer, have risen as promising biomarkers for earlier and more accurate detection. The IMPED project aims at developing a next-generation technology able to extract and analyse single exosomes or sub-groups of exosomes on both the proteomic and genomic level. This platform will offer beyond state-of-the-art information on the involvement of exosomes in cancer development. It has the potential to increase the precision of liquid biopsy analysis and provide clinically relevant insight for personalized cancer management. Toward this goal, the IMPED project will gather three technologies allowing low-cost extraction and analysis of exosomes from human plasma: (1) Continuous label-free extraction of exosomes from complex matrices (plasma) using thermophoresis (2) Proteomic profiling of single exosomes immobilized on a nanoarray with possibility of release (3) Droplet-based reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of exosomes for RNA content analysis To our knowledge, this would be the first technology to couple intra- and extra-vesicle detection on a single/subpopulation exosome level within a single platform. The IMPED project is interdisciplinary, connecting physics, microfluidics and bioassay development for biomedical applications. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.crma.2010.12.008 | A Note on the von Neumann algebra of a Baumslag-Solitar group | We study qualitative properties of the von Neumann algebra of a Baumslag-Solitar group. Namely, we prove that, in the non-amenable and ICC case, the associated II1 factor is prime, not solid, and does not have any Cartan subalgebra. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2017875940 | Traffic-Driven vs. Topology-Driven Strategies for Regeneration Sites Placement | Many studies have been carried out in the field of translucent network design during the last years. Translucent networks use sparse regeneration strategy where electrical regeneration is performed at a limited number of network nodes in order to improve the signal budget. The objective of translucent network design is to judiciously choose the regeneration sites to overcome the signal degradation and to maintain a predefined quality of transmission. Pachnicke et al. have recently proposed an approach for routing and regenerator placement. In this paper, we propose a novel heuristic called COR2P for translucent network design. Our concern is both to minimize the number of required regenerators and to concentrate them in a limited number of sites. In addition, we propose an improved version of Pachnicke's algorithm under the name of RP-CBR+ and we proceed to the comparison of these two approaches. On one hand, both COR2P and RP-CBR+ choose, a priori, a set of regeneration sites, before the effective RWA phase. Our approach is both traffic and topology-driven since it considers the effective traffic matrix and the limited capacity of the network. Oppositely, regeneration sites placement in RP-CBR+ is only topology-driven since it considers a connection demand between any pair of nodes under unlimited network capacity. On the other hand, COR2P differs from RP-CBR+ in three points: the order in which traffic demands are processed, the wavelength assignment strategy and the possibility or not to use additional regeneration sites. Simulation results show that unlike RP-CBR+, COR2P accepts all traffic demands under low traffic load, using the same number of regenerators. Under high traffic load, our algorithm presents much lower blocking ratios than RP-CBR+ at the price of a larger number of regenerators. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1952100173 | Cost Analysis of Medical versus Surgical Management of Glaucoma in Nigeria. | To analyze the cost of glaucoma medical therapy and compare it with that of surgical management in Nigeria.The cost of glaucoma drugs and that of surgical therapy in patients who attended the eye clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, between December 2002 and November 2008 were calculated over a 3 year period of follow-up. Costs of medical and surgical therapy were compared based on November 2008 estimates.One hundred and eight patients met the inclusion criteria of the study, of which, 90 patients (83.33%) received medical therapy and 18 patients (16.67%) underwent surgery. The most expensive drugs were the prostaglandin analogues, travoprost (Travatan) and latanoprost (Xalatan). The least expensive topical drugs were beta-blockers and miotics. The mean annual cost of medical treatment was US$ 273.47±174.42 (range, $41.54 to $729.23) while the mean annual cost of surgical treatment was US$ 283.78±202.95 (range, $61.33 to $592.63). There was no significant difference between the mean costs of medical and surgical therapy over the 3-year period (P = 0.37). Older age (P = 0.02) and advanced glaucoma (P < 0.001) were associated with higher costs of therapy.The cost of medical therapy was comparable to that of surgical therapy for glaucoma in Nigeria over a 3-year period. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.03.002 | Global continental and ocean basin reconstructions since 200Ma | Global plate motion models provide a spatial and temporal framework for geological data and have been effective tools for exploring processes occurring at the earth's surface. However, published models either have insufficient temporal coverage or fail to treat tectonic plates in a self-consistent manner. They usually consider the motions of selected features attached to tectonic plates, such as continents, but generally do not explicitly account for the continuous evolution of plate boundaries through time. In order to explore the coupling between the surface and mantle, plate models are required that extend over at least a few hundred million years and treat plates as dynamic features with dynamically evolving plate boundaries. We have constructed a new type of global plate motion model consisting of a set of continuously-closing topological plate polygons with associated plate boundaries and plate velocities since the break-up of the supercontinent Pangea. Our model is underpinned by plate motions derived from reconstructing the seafloor-spreading history of the ocean basins and motions of the continents and utilizes a hybrid absolute reference frame, based on a moving hotspot model for the last 100. Ma, and a true-polar wander corrected paleomagnetic model for 200 to 100. Ma. Detailed regional geological and geophysical observations constrain plate boundary inception or cessation, and time-dependent geometry. Although our plate model is primarily designed as a reference model for a new generation of geodynamic studies by providing the surface boundary conditions for the deep earth, it is also useful for studies in disparate fields when a framework is needed for analyzing and interpreting spatio-temporal data. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.jeem.2016.02.006 | Second-best carbon taxation in the global economy: The Green Paradox and carbon leakage revisited | Acceleration of global warming resulting from a future carbon tax is large if the price elasticities of oil demand are large and that of oil supply is small. The fall in the world interest rate weakens this weak Green Paradox effect, especially if intertemporal substitution is weak. Still, social damages from greenhouse gases drop if the fall in oil supply and cumulative emissions is strong enough. If the current carbon tax is set too low, the second-best future carbon tax is set below the first best too to mitigate adverse Green Paradox effects. Unilateral second-best optimal carbon taxes exceed the first-best taxes due to an import tariff component. The intertemporal terms of trade effects of the future carbon tax increase current and future tariffs and those of the current tax lower the current tariff. Finally, carbon leakage and globally altruistic and unilateral second-best optimal carbon taxes if non-Kyoto oil importers price carbon too low are analysed in a three-country model of the global economy. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1007/s00265-018-2490-x | Spatial structure of foraging meerkat groups is affected by both social and ecological factors | Abstract: Group-living animals need to trade off the benefits and the costs of close proximity to conspecifics. Benefits can be increased, and costs reduced by preferentially choosing specific locations within a group best adjusted to an individual’s needs or by associating with specific group members and/or avoiding others. We investigated the spatial structure of meerkat (Suricata suricatta) groups and whether it was shaped by social factors such as affiliation or aggression among group members, predation risk, foraging success, or a mix of these different factors. Using social network analyses, based on spatial networks, we found associations between the dominant pair, among males and among same aged individuals, and dis-assortment by sex only in one to two of the six groups. In addition, the structure of meerkat groups was highly variable, as individual strength within the calculated networks was not repeatable over time. Meerkats seemed to adjust their location to their physical environment, as dominant individuals were located further toward the front of the group, where foraging success is likely higher and young individuals located further toward the back of the group, where they can benefit most from the vigilance effort of their conspecifics. We conclude that meerkat groups display a dynamic spatial structure depending on both the current social and physical environmental. Significance: Group-living animals can achieve greater benefits from close association with conspecifics by choosing specific locations within a group or associating with specific group members and/or avoiding others. A considerable body of work has examined how differences in predation risk or foraging success affect the relative location of individuals within a group. Several studies investigated the association between individuals, in order to draw conclusions on the social structure. However, it is important to disentangle the impact of all of these different aspects on the spatial structure of a group. Here, we provide evidence that both the social and physical environment is important for the spatial assortment of meerkats, a social mongoose foraging in cohesive groups. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
2729584 | Car body shells, doors and interiors | The success of the European rail system requires cost-efficient passenger trains with high capability and reliability. The development of these high demanding trains involves a concerted effort in improving a comprehensive range of elements. CARBODIN contributes to this effort by combining the research effort along with the future CFM-IP1-01-2019 and the ongoing CFM-IP1-01-2017 projects to manufacture car body shell parts, doors and to improve the interior design of passenger trains.
CARBODIN will improve car body shell manufacture by exploring the possibilities offered by composite materials. To this end, CARBODIN advocates for a modular tooling to manufacture a wide range of parts of varying size. In addition, the proposed process will combine different production techniques, automation concepts, introduction of co-cured and co-bonded composite parts and multi-material integrated joints and inserts. Besides, predictive maintenance will be reinforced by testing intelligent sensor nodes.
Composite materials will also be the core idea for cost-efficient doors with reduced LCC. The creation of modular tooling combined with 3D technology will enable the production of lighter doors with enhanced thermal and acoustic properties in the door and its vicinity.
CARBODIN will facilitate the design of attractive train interiors by developing a configuration tool based on virtual reality. This will be complemented by innovative manufacturing tools for interior components. Other strategies for improving cost-effectiveness of manufacturing processes such as the integration of low-volt circuits in panels will be also explored. CARBODIN also aims at improving the performance of the future HMI system through a European survey to identify key interactions such as drivers’ gestures or voices.
CARBODIN will benefit from a strong multidisciplinary consortium, made of 14 partners from 7 countries, committed to the mentioned actions towards maximisation of the project’s impact. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
interreg_3883 | VIA ALPINA: promoting the natural and cultural heritage of the Alps on a network of hiking trails | The project consists in establishing Via Alpina as the first identified hiking route linking the eight Alpine countries: Italy, Austria, France, Switzerland, Germany, Slovenia, Liechtenstein and Monaco. The trail network links sites of high natural and cultural value throughout the Alps and emphasises the common Alpine identity. Multilingual tools are developed to insure its efficient promotion and provide the international public with an entry to each of the Alpine regions. Pilot projects are carried out to look into possible developments of sustainable tourism offers and trail management with a trans-national perspective. Via Alpina is a powerful instrument for sustainable development of the mountain regions, both as a tourism product with local economic impact and as a prestigious showcase for the Alpine environment. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2031388906 | How much does Disease Activity Score in 28 joints ESR and CRP calculations underestimate disease activity compared with the Simplified Disease Activity Index? | Objectives Disease Activity Score in 28 joints calculated with C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) is used instead of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) to assess rheumatoid arthritis disease activity; however, values for remission and low disease activity (LDA) for DAS28-CRP have not been validated. American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) guidelines suggest remission should be calculated by Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) rather than DAS28-ESR. We examined values of remission and LDA of DAS28-CRP that correspond to the respective cut-off points for DAS28-ESR and SDAI from five clinical trials. Methods DAS28-CRP cut-offs that best correspond to DAS28-ESR remission <2.6 and LDA ≤3.2 were obtained by cumulative distribution plots, receiver operating curves and maximum concordance and averaged for each approach, treatment group and study. Level of agreement between DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR remission and LDA cut-offs was compared against each other and versus SDAI remission ≤3.3 and LDA ≤11. Results Percentage of patients who achieved remission and LDA by DAS28-ESR cut-offs was greater for DAS28-CRP versus DAS28-ESR regardless of patient population or treatment group. Discordance between CRP and ESR cut-offs ranged from 4%–26% and 8%–23% for remission and LDA, respectively, and 19%–40% and 6%–11% for DAS28-CRP versus SDAI, respectively. Estimated (range) remission and LDA thresholds were 2.4 (2.2–2.6) and 2.9 (2.6–3.3), 1.9 (1.6–2.2) and 3.1 (3.1–3.3) and 2.2 (1.1–2.9) and 3.6 (3.4–4.0) for DAS28-CRP versus DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP versus SDAI and DAS28-ESR versus SDAI, respectively. Conclusions DAS28-CRP underestimates disease activity when using cut-off points validated for DAS28-ESR; therefore, DAS28-ESR cut-off values should not be applied to DAS28-CRP. Although DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR cut-offs for LDA ≤3.2 correspond to SDAI LDA, neither corresponds well to SDAI remission. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W1986556977 | Analysis of Driver's Characteristics Based on Internet of Vehicles | The road traffic accidents caused huge economic losses and casualties, so it had been focused by the researchers. Lane changing characteristic is the most relevant characteristic with safety. The intent of lane changing was discussed. Firstly, the factors affecting the intent were analyzed, the speed satisfaction value and the space satisfaction value were proposed; then the data from the University of California, Berkeley was extracted and the number of vehicles changed lane more often and the vehicle ID were obtained; the BP neural network classification model was established, it was trained and testified by actual data. The results shown the method could predict the intent accurately. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
176545 | Control of energy by advanced artificial materials | The objective of the present project is to control the energy carried out by mechanical and electromagnetic waves by means of a new type of advanced artificial structures. To achieve this control resonant cavities for the simultaneous localization of elastic and electromagnetic waves will bedeveloped. The mentioned structures will be based on artificial anisotropic and inhomogeneous materials, designed by properly engineered periodic arrangements of scattering units.
The project aims to exploit the unusual properties of these complex structures for the localization of the energy carried out by mechanical and electromagnetic waves, offering in this way a new insight to the field of artificial materials (metamaterials), where less attention has been given to the problem of localization of waves, since it has focused efforts in the extraordinary propagation characteristics of waves along them (negative refraction, cloaking, transformation acoustics and electromagnetics, etc.).
The objectives of the project will be accomplished by the deep understanding of a new type of structures: Radial Wave Crystals (RWC), a special type of sonic and photonic crystals which present cylindrical or spherical symmetries.
It is well known that cylindrical shells of RWC present extraordinary resonant properties. However, their study has been slow given the difficulties found in their physical realization. In this proposal this feasibility will be explored, and also less restrictive versions of RWC will be seek, but trying to keep their extraordinary properties.
Finally, based on RWC a new type of optomechanical cavities will be investigated, by studying the electromagnetic and mechanical properties of these structures embedded in finite substrates. An iterative discussion with experimentalists at the IEMN (the host institution) will lead to a realistic proposal for the fabrication of an efficient optomechanical cavity based on inhomogeneous and anisotropic structures. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/ni.3269 | Glycolysis controls the induction of human regulatory T cells by modulating the expression of FOXP3 exon 2 splicing variants | Human regulatory T cells (T reg cells) that develop from conventional T cells (T conv cells) following suboptimal stimulation via the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) (induced T reg cells (iT reg cells)) express the transcription factor Foxp3, are suppressive, and display an active proliferative and metabolic state. Here we found that the induction and suppressive function of iT reg cells tightly depended on glycolysis, which controlled Foxp3 splicing variants containing exon 2 (Foxp3-E2) through the glycolytic enzyme enolase-1. The Foxp3-E2-related suppressive activity of iT reg cells was altered in human autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, and was associated with impaired glycolysis and signaling via interleukin 2. This link between glycolysis and Foxp3-E2 variants via enolase-1 shows a previously unknown mechanism for controlling the induction and function of T reg cells in health and in autoimmunity. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
336749 | Interfacing quantum states in carbon nanotube devices | Coherent control and sensitive detection of quantum states in condensed matter are among the most topical challenges of modern physics. They drive the development of novel materials, theoretical concepts, and experimental methods to advance our understanding of fundamental laws of quantum mechanics and to create transformative technologies for future applications. During the past decades carbon has emerged as a new material platform to address these challenges: graphene and carbon nanotubes have been created as paradigm systems with exceptional physical properties.
As atomically-thin cylinders carbon nanotubes combine ultra-low mass with extreme mechanical stiffness. This identifies them as perfect candidates for the realization of ultra-high quality mechanical resonators with applications in quantum metrology and sensing. Their crystalline lattice can be made free of nuclear spins by material engineering to ensure ultra-long electron spin coherence times for quantum information processing and coherent spintronics. In addition, semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes exhibit optical resonances with unprecedented tunability in color for quantum communication and cryptography. These outstanding material properties form the basis for our scientific research proposal.
Our vision is to realize up-conversion schemes interfacing light with spin, mechanical, and spin-mechanical degrees of freedom in carbon nanotube devices. In particular, we will study spin dynamics in carbon nanotubes with an isotopically engineered nuclear spin lattice and we will suspend individual carbon nanotubes in high-fidelity optical micro-cavities to detect and control mechanical motion down to the quantum ground state. Ultimately, our devices will realize entirely novel regimes of quantum states by hybridizing light with magnetic or mechanical excitations and explore the foundations of emerging technologies at the quantum limit. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
Q4244558 | PROJECT TITLE: SERMA — PERSONAL FABRICATION | SERMA SRL WAS FOUNDED IN 2005, FOR ITS EXCLUSIVE WORKS REALISED THROUGH THE PROCESSING OF METAL, STEEL AND ALUMINIUM AND OTHER METALS. HE WORKS FOR COMPONENTS FOR CRANES, GATES AND LIGHT CARPENTRY. L — ACTIVITY TAKES PLACE ON AN APPROPRIATE SHED AND WITH CUTTING-EDGE MACHINERY, OUTSIDE OF THE WAREHOUSE C — IS A LARGE OPEN SPACE FOR THE STORAGE OF PROCESSED SEEDS AND FINISHED PRODUCTS. L — COMPANY SERMA SRL AND COMPOSED OF 4 WELDERS SPECIALISED IN METAL, STEEL AND ALUMINIUM PROCESSING. THE ACTIVITIES ARE: * METAL STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS FOR L — CONSTRUCTION * TRANSENNE AND GATES, METAL OR STAINLESS STEEL GATES OR ALUMINUM GATES * PARTS AND ACCESSORIES FOR CRANES OR ARMOR. ARMS AND AVAMBECCHI FOR CRANES * BALUSTRADES, RAILINGS AND SIDES OF SAFETY RAILINGS, METAL OR METAL RAILINGS * STAIRS AND EQUIPMENT FOR STAIRS, METAL OR ALUMINIUM RAILINGS EVERY NEED, SO CUSTOMISED, HAS BEEN CONCRETED | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2413293672 | SUPPLEMENTATION OF SELENIUM IN ITS DIFFERENT FORMS AND THE FERTILIZATION OF SOIL WITH SELENIUM ON DAIRY COW PERFORMANCE | Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in camels and dairy cows diet in which deficiency affects animal health and performances. In the regions where soils are characterized by low selenium concentrations to meet the animal requirements, deficient and marginal intakes are widespread and have been associated to various health disorders in human and animals. Many cases of degenerative myocarditis were reported in camels, thus, all concentrates given to camels are enriched in selenium under different forms.
The aim of this presentation is to highlight the recent research results and their implications to enhance the antioxidant status of camels and dairy cows by selenium supplementation either in inorganic compound, organic compound, or enriched fodder. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s10585-017-9858-6 | Collective invasion in ductal and lobular breast cancer associates with distant metastasis | Breast cancer undergoes collective tissue invasion and, in experimental models, can collectively metastasize. The prevalence of collective invasion and its contribution to distant metastasis in clinical disease, however, remains poorly defined. We here scored the adipose tissue invasion of primary invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), expressing E-cadherin, and E-cadherin negative invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and identified predominantly collective invasion patterns (86/86 samples) in both carcinoma types. Whereas collective invasion in IDC lesions retained adherens junctions, multicellular clusters and “Indian files” in ILC, despite the absence of adherens junctions (AJ) proteins E-cadherin and β-catenin, retained CD44 at cell–cell contacts. By histomorphological scoring and semi-automated image analysis, we show that the extent of collective invasion into the adipose tissue correlated with decreased distant metastasis-free survival (5-year follow-up; hazard ratio: 2. 32 and 2. 29, respectively). Thus, collective invasion represents the predominant invasion mode in breast cancer, develops distinct junctional subtypes in IDC and ILC, and associates with distant metastasis, suggesting a critical role in systemic dissemination. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b09608 | Direct visualization of au atoms bound to TiO<inf>2</inf>(110) O-vacancies | Au nanoparticles supported on reducible metal oxide surfaces are known to be active catalysts for a number of reactions including CO oxidation and hydrogen production. The exact choice of a metal oxide support has been shown to have a marked impact on activity, suggesting that interactions between Au and the support play a key role in catalysis. For TiO2, a model substrate for Au catalysis, it had been thought that bridging oxygen vacancies are involved in binding Au atoms to the (110) surface based on indirect evidence. However, a recent scanning transmission electron microscopy study of single Pt atoms on TiO2(110) suggests that subsurface vacancies are more important. To clarify the role of bridging or subsurface vacancies we employ scanning tunneling microscopy to determine the bonding site of single Au atoms on TiO2(110). Using in situ deposition as well as a manipulation method, we provide definitive evidence that the bonding site is atop surface oxygen vacancies. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102129 | Zooarchaeological and stable isotope evidence of Sámi reindeer offerings | This paper presents new osteometric and stable isotope evidence of Sámi reindeer offerings. Previous archaeological studies have shown that reindeer domestication and intensification of reindeer herding transformed Sámi indigenous religion. However, because of the methodological challenges in the identification of wild and domesticated reindeer in the archaeological record, the exact nature of the relationship between people and offered reindeer has remained elusive. To address this problem, we analyze zooarchaeological and stable isotope data from thirteen Sámi offering sites situated in Finland and Sweden and dating to c. 1200–1700 CE. We employ zooarchaeological analysis of age, sex and size and explore the possibilities of these analyses to identify domestication and other characteristics of reindeer selected for offering. Analyses of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur are utilized to identify human influence on reindeer feeding patterns and mobility. Our results show that many kinds of reindeer with different engagements with people were offered. The results confirm that people had different motives for giving offerings and that a simple dichotomy of wild/domesticated does not adequately reflect the range of relationships the Sámi had with reindeer. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
989047 | First one-stop video game culturalization management platform | Game culturalization is a complex process that involves many specialists: specialized translation (localization), software
interventions, design adaptation interventions, video captions, voice-over and transcriptions, conversion of requirements and
addressing regional, national and local regulations. Whilst there are many localization (specialized translation) agencies, the
video game industry lacks a unified solution to facilitate culturalization activities. As a result, games are full of inconsistences
in the final contents, the process is costly, time consuming and lacks expertise. Our Solution ALTAGRAM 4.0 represents an
innovative and disruptive one-stop web solution that optimizes and largely automates the culturalization process of video
games. At ALTAGRAM GmbH, we are the one-stop solution for video game localization and culturalization. The overall
objective of the Phase 2 project is, to transition our corporate strategy as service provider to become a service and product
provider. We will achieve this by scaling our existing platform ALTAGRAM which is in its version 3.0 into the full 4.0 version.
We will a) beta-test the current ALTAGRAM 3.0 platform with external users, b) launch our marketplace functionalities to
open up to further users and c) design and integrate semantics/deep learning. We are a European company and our
freelancers are all based in Europe and our team consists of Europeans. We bring revenues to Europe from our clients
spread in four continents. Our aim is to contribute to Europe being the most integrated and culturally sensitive in can be.
And, for European game companies/publishers to help them successfully enter foreign markets by having culturally
adequate and relevant game contents, especially bridging the East-West divide. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W1593536475 | Drug Abuse and Consequences by this Phenomenon into Albanian Adolescents in Tetovo | Given the facts that deviant behavior such as: delinquency, alcoholism, narcomany, violence, crimes among adolescent peoples are very spread in our country, it is more important to know what are the social causes and consequences from abuse with narcotics substances at young peoples, especially in the town Tetovo and its surrounding. The social elements who describe the narcomany and abuse with drug types among adolescent peoples is to talk about personality of these children, influences of their family, school and educations impact, the neighborhood etc. So in this work amy research is based in empirical facts and arguments that will arrive by survey and opinions from groups of students of high schools in Tetovo, focused in means of access for the kind of drugs who used their peers, locations that exploitation for using drugs and consequences by abuses with drugs substances. Keywords: teenager, drug abuse, family, school, peers. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
336921 | Three Dimensional Single Cell Analysis of the Cancer Stem Cell Inducing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Signaling Networks in Breast Cancer by Mass Cytometry | Tumor metastases, relapse, and resistance to therapy are the main causes of death in cancer patients. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive cancer growth, are likely responsible for cancer reoccurrence, and provide the potential to colonize a metastatic site. A cell plasticity process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) generates CSCs from epithelial cancer cells and simultaneously equips these cells with motility and invasiveness, features prerequisite for metastasis. Consequently, therapeutic strategies that target EMT and CSC signaling networks are highly attractive. However, the properties of these signaling networks and their dependency on the tumor microenvironment and cancer genotypes are poorly understood. Here we propose to generate quantitative, time-resolved biomarker signatures and network models of EMT stages and CSCs on the single-cell level and to define their dependency on breast cancer tumor microenvironments and genotypes. Using mass cytometry, a technology able to quantify up to 100 proteins and phosphorylation sites simultaneously in a single-cell, the signaling network structure of EMT and CSC state will be gauged by modulation of cancer-related and signaling genes. These data will be used to infer mathematical signaling network descriptions of EMT and the CSC states, and to determine their master regulators and regulatory sub-networks. By extending mass cytometry to spatially resolved measurements, the EMT/CSC network states and their microenvironment will be analyzed in three dimensions in patient samples, and data will be correlated with associated genomic and clinical information. Based on these in vivo data, follow-up experiments in mouse models will be performed to validate the identified network states and cell-to-cell interaction as therapeutic targets. Finally, the in vivo dataset and its correlation with genomic and clinical information will be used to identify biomarkers for personalized medicine approaches. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
interreg_2014 | Knowledge Network Management in Technology Parks | Know-Man improves regional development and spatial innovation policies by exchanging and transferring regional approaches, competencies and instruments of knowledge network management (KNM) to strengthen the region’s global competitiveness. To achieve this goal, the partnership uses instruments developed for intra-firm knowledge management transferring them to a regional level. In business science, knowledge management helps to identify, mobilise, and combine implicit (person-bound) knowledge and competencies making it available for other employees in order to improve the firm’s competitiveness. In the project, such instruments (e.g. knowledge maps, benchmarking, action reviews) are implemented to identify and connect regional cross-sectoral and cross-institutional knowledge potentials within the participating regions.
The project does not intend to introduce a new organisational level within the participating regions. Rather, it unites regional development stakeholders and decision
makers (1. public authorities, 2. economic actors represented by technology parks, and 3. academic representatives) – altogether representing regional TRIPLE HELIX STRUCTURES – to create links between regional endogenous potentials in the knowledge economy. Know-Man specifically intends to improve policies in favour of innovative SMEs, because due to their limited financial and personal resources, SMEs face difficulties to successfully gain access to either regional or global knowledge networks. Each partner contributes to the project’s objectives with rich experiences in strengthening the triple helix structure, in initiating links between enterprises and universities, or by having developed unique policies for innovative SMEs. Uniting these spatially separated experiences, knowledge and competencies, the partnership will be able to elaborate, transfer and publish policies supporting regional KNM. Technology Parks are an ideal partner for KNM as they were institutionalised by public
authorities as a regional economic development & innovation instruments and have proven to be a motor for local economic development with a regional dimension.
The project’s activities have following objectives:
1. strengthening the creative interaction in the knowledge–business–public triangle through an intensive involvement of triple-helix stakeholders
2. identifying, publishing and transferring best practices KNM policies, instruments and tools and their transfer conditions, such as demand analyses, benchmarking KNM services, and regional knowledge atlases
3. Implementing KNM in participating regions through pilot actions
4. developing KNM policy instruments that accelerate the process of bringing new and innovative ideas from public R&D facilities to markets.
The project supports and initiates regional innovation impulses and strengthens each region’s competitiveness. Furthermore, the project develops KNM policies and instruments that can be transferred to other European regions. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1088/0965-0393/22/2/025020 | Modelling 1 0 0 And 0 1 0 Screw Dislocations In Mgsio3 Perovskite Based On The Peierls Nabarro Galerkin Model | In this study, we model the core structure of screw dislocations with [1 0 0] and [0 1 0] Burgers vector in MgSiO3 perovskite, in the pressure range of Earth's lower mantle (25–130 GPa). We use a generalized Peierls–Nabarro model, called Peierls–Nabarro–Galerkin, based on generalized stacking-fault energy calculations. These stacking-fault energy calculations are performed using a pairwise potential parametrization and compared to ab initio results. The results of Peierls–Nabarro–Galerkin calculations demonstrate that [1 0 0] dislocation and [0 1 0] are, respectively, characterized by a planar core spreading in (0 1 0) and (1 0 0). Our results emphasize the role of [1 0 0](0 1 0) and [0 1 0](1 0 0) slip systems in the deformation mechanism of MgSiO3 perovskite. Furthermore, we validate the use of pairwise potential for further dislocation modelling of such minerals at the atomic scale. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1111/evo.13205 | Ploidy tug-of-war: Evolutionary and genetic environments influence the rate of ploidy drive in a human fungal pathogen | Variation in baseline ploidy is seen throughout the tree of life, yet the factors that determine why one ploidy level is maintained over another remain poorly understood. Experimental evolution studies using asexual fungal microbes with manipulated ploidy levels intriguingly reveals a propensity to return to the historical baseline ploidy, a phenomenon that we term “ploidy drive. ” We evolved haploid, diploid, and polyploid strains of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans under three different nutrient limitation environments to test whether these conditions, hypothesized to select for low ploidy levels, could counteract ploidy drive. Strains generally maintained or acquired smaller genome sizes (measured as total nuclear DNA through flow cytometry) in minimal medium and under phosphorus depletion compared to in a complete medium, while mostly maintained or acquired increased genome sizes under nitrogen depletion. Improvements in fitness often ran counter to changes in genome size; in a number of scenarios lines that maintained their original genome size often increased in fitness more than lines that converged toward diploidy (the baseline ploidy of C. albicans). Combined, this work demonstrates a role for both the environment and genotype in determination of the rate of ploidy drive, and highlights questions that remain about the force(s) that cause genome size variation. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
2714544 | Research and training for the palace museum of tomorrow | PALAMUSTO ETN, a network of leading European universities, heritage institutions and palace-museums, investigates the court residence or palace as a phenomenon of cultural exchange, not only in the past but also today and in the future. A new history of the palace is indeed needed in order to define its relevance for present-day Europe.
The palace’s status as heritage, as prime touristic attraction and as part of the experience economy offers a continuous challenge to society in a global context, considering that the heritage industry is gradually replacing many traditional sectors of European economy. PALAMUSTO ETN offers multidisciplinary, trans-sectoral training to early career researchers who will become the first exponents of a new professional profile capable of meeting these challenges. Training through individual research on the palace, shored up by specific methodology modules, will run parallel with teaching the palace as heritage in all its complexity. PALAMUSTO researchers will learn to conserve, curate and manage the palace-museum on-site, interacting with professionals. They will learn to explain the palace’s societal relevance to all stakeholders and audiences engaged with this heritage.
Together the PALAMUSTO researchers will establish a new history of the palace, based on the insight they gain in the material culture and architecture of the courts which constitute the case-studies of their doctoral research. They will map the patterns of diffusion of specified movable objects with representational value in the world of European courts, paying special attention to location and display; some of these define the palace as functional machine. In parallel, they will map specific representational architectural spaces of the palace, their functioning, placing, and routing to/from. The overlay of patterns of diffusion, realized through digital means based on a GIS platform, is expected to generate a new understanding of the court residence. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1172/JCI84708 | Sorla Facilitates Insulin Receptor Signaling In Adipocytes And Exacerbates Obesity | In humans, genetic variation of sortilin-related receptor, L(DLR class) A repeats containing (SORL1), which encodes the intracellular sorting receptor SORLA, is a major genetic risk factor for familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease. Recent GWAS analysis has also associated SORL1 with obesity in humans and in mouse models, suggesting that this receptor may play a role in regulating metabolism. Here, using mouse models with genetic loss or tissue-specific overexpression of SORLA as well as data from obese human subjects, we observed a gene-dosage effect that links SORLA expression to obesity and glucose tolerance. Overexpression of human SORLA in murine adipose tissue blocked hydrolysis of triacylglycerides and caused excessive adiposity. In contrast, Sorl1 gene inactivation in mice accelerated breakdown of triacylglycerides in adipocytes and protected animals from diet-induced obesity. We then identified the underlying molecular mechanism whereby SORLA promotes insulin-induced suppression of lipolysis in adipocytes. Specifically, we determined that SORLA acts as a sorting factor for the insulin receptor (IR) that redirects internalized receptor molecules from endosomes to the plasma membrane, thereby enhancing IR surface expression and strengthening insulin signal reception in target cells. Our findings provide a molecular mechanism for the association of SORL1 with human obesity and confirm a genetic link between neurodegeneration and metabolism that converges on the receptor SORLA. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00268 | Turn-timing in signed conversations: Coordinating stroke-to-stroke turn boundaries | In spoken interactions, interlocutors carefully plan, and time their utterances, minimizing gaps and overlaps between consecutive turns. Cross-linguistic comparison has indicated that spoken languages vary only minimally in terms of turn-timing, and language acquisition research has shown pre-linguistic vocal turn-taking in the first half year of life. These observations suggest that the turn-taking system may provide a fundamental basis for our linguistic capacities. The question remains, however, to what extent our capacity for rapid turn-taking is determined by modality constraints. The avoidance of overlapping turns could be motivated by the difficulty of hearing and speaking at the same time. If so, turn-taking in sign might show greater toleration for overlap. Alternatively, signed conversations may show a similar distribution of turn-timing as spoken languages, thus avoiding both gaps and overlaps. To address this question we look at turn-timing in question-answer sequences in spontaneous conversations of Sign Language of the Netherlands. The findings indicate that although there is considerable overlap in two or more signers' articulators in conversation, when proper allowance is made for onset preparation, post-utterance retraction and the intentional holding of signs for response, turn-taking latencies in sign look remarkably like those reported for spoken language. This is consistent with the possibility that, at least with regard to responses to questions, speakers and signers follow similar time courses in planning and producing their utterances in on-going conversation. This suggests that turn-taking systems may well be a shared cognitive infrastructure underlying all modern human languages, both spoken and signed. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W155098458 | Response of the Amazon Tropical Forests to Deforestation, Climate, and Extremes, and the Occurrence of Drought and Fire | To the extent that many studies of the last two decades deepen the understanding about the Amazon tropical forest and more is known about the environmental services it offers, they also increased our level of awareness about the growing threats that this system has been subjected to. In addition to the process of uncontrolled expansion of the agriculture frontier, the Amazon, for its large scale, is an ecosystem highly susceptible to climate at regional and global scales. In this chapter we address issues related to environmental drivers of change in the Amazon: deforestation, climate, climate extremes, and fire. The goal is to present aspects of a synergistic action of these effects and the possible responses of Amazonian ecosystems to these drivers of change: (1) short-term responses as the mortality of some species (biodiversity loss), loss of living biomass with consequent influence on storage, and exchanges of carbon with the atmosphere to (2) long-term responses, such as ‘savannization’ and Amazon dieback. On the other hand, it has been hypothesized that the forest may show some degree of resilience to tolerate those impacts before starting to respond with degradation of the ecosystems. One of the challenges of Amazonian science today is to find out how close those drivers might be from exceeding ‘tipping points’ of stability of the Amazonian system. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1039/C3DT52622D | Thienylpyridine Based Cyclometallated Iridium Iii Complexes And Their Use In Solid State Light Emitting Electrochemical Cells | The synthesis and characterization of four iridium(III) complexes [Ir(thpy)2(N^N)][PF6] where Hthpy = 2-(2′-thienyl)pyridine and N^N are 6-phenyl-2,2′-bipyridine (1), 4,4′-di-tbutyl-2,2′-bipyridine (2), 4,4′-di-tbutyl-6-phenyl-2,2′-bipyridine (3) or 4,4′-dimethylthio-2,2′-bipyridine (4) are described. The single crystal structures of ligand 4 and the complexes containing the [Ir(thpy)2(1)]+ and [Ir(thpy)2(4)]+ cations have been determined. In [Ir(thpy)2(1)]+, the pendant phenyl ring engages in an intra-cation π-stacking interaction with one of the thienyl rings in the solid state, and undergoes hindered rotation on the NMR timescale in [Ir(thpy)2(1)]+ and [Ir(thpy)2(3)]+. The solution spectra of [Ir(thpy)2(1)][PF6] and [Ir(thpy)2(4)][PF6] show emission maxima around 640 nm and are significantly red-shifted compared with [Ir(thpy)2(2)][PF6] and [Ir(thpy)2(3)][PF6] which have structured emission bands with maxima around 550 and 590 nm. In thin films, the emission spectra of the four complexes are similar with emission peaks around 550 and 590 nm and a shoulder around 640 nm that are reminiscent of the features observed in solution. In solution, quantum yields are low, but in thin films, values range from 29% for [Ir(thpy)2(1)][PF6] to 51% for [Ir(thpy)2(4)][PF6]. Density functional theory calculations rationalize the structured emission observed for the four complexes in terms of the 3LC nature predicted for the lowest-energy triplet states that mainly involve the cyclometallated [thpy]− ligands. Support for this theoretical result comes from the observed features of the low temperature (in frozen MeCN) photoluminescence spectra of the complexes. Photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectra of the complexes in a light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) device configuration have been investigated. The electroluminescence spectra are similar for all [Ir(thpy)2(N^N)][PF6] complexes with emission maxima at ≈600 nm, but device performances are relatively poor probably due to the poor charge-transporting properties of the complexes. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1890/15-0302.1 | Nutrient Fluxes From Insect Herbivory Increase During Ecosystem Retrogression In Boreal Forest | Ecological theory, developed largely from ungulates and grassland systems, predicts that herbivory accelerates nutrient cycling more in productive than unproductive systems. This prediction may be important for understanding patterns of ecosystem change over time and space, but its applicability to other ecosystems and types of herbivore remain uncertain. We estimated fluxes of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from herbivory of a common tree species (Betula pubescens) by a common species of herbivorous insect along a -5000-yr boreal chronosequence. Contrary to established theory, fluxes of N and P via herbivory increased along the chronosequence despite a decline in plant productivity. The herbivore-mediated N and P fluxes to the soil are comparable to the main alternative pathway for these nutrients via tree leaf litterfall. We conclude that insect herbivores can make large contributions to nutrient cycling even in unproductive systems, and influence the rate and pattern of ecosystem development, particularly in systems with low external nutrient inputs. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W574166373 | Merlin and the Lost King of England: A Legend from Britain | Merlin and the Lost King of England is a humorous retelling of the legend of King Arthur and the magical test of the sword in the stone. Captivating versions of some of the best myths and legends from around the world. TreeTops Myths and Legends are fascinating and action-packed stories that will motivate and inspire junior readers. These are some of the oldest and most enduring stories in the world, retold by leading contemporary children's authors to bring out all of the action, drama, humour and depth of the original stories in a way that makes them as exciting and meaningful today as ever. The stories are beautifully illustrated in a range of styles to bring each tale to life. Books contain inside cover notes to support children in their reading. Help with children's reading development also available at www.oxfordowl.co.uk. The books are finely levelled, making it easy to match every child to the right book. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
803208 | Violence, State formation and memory politics: an off-site ethnography of post-revolution Iran | How can violence be studied when access to the field is impossible? Fieldwork is a trademark of ethnography, which is fast becoming a key practice in qualitative research across disciplines. In conflict and post-conflict zones, social scientists tend to negotiate access to fieldwork through an international community of experts and practitioners. But empirical investigation proves more difficult in strong regimes that are closed or restricted, and exert (tight) surveillance over academics and the civil society. The power-knowledge apparatus draws some boundaries for researchers to respect in order to keep access to the field: thus, subjects that fall outside the domain of ‘researchability’ disqualify for ethnographic study. Consequently, research is (re)oriented by opportunities of access to the field. The study of violence (its mechanisms, effects, genealogy and everyday experiences) in repressive States thus remains a blind spot, with protracted effects on the understanding of societies that are built on this history of violence.
Based on the case of Iran, this pioneering research seeks to change our ways of studying ‘locked’ societies, by adapting our methods and episteme to the global circulation of norms, data and people. Through the anthropology of the State and violence, archive ethnography and the use of new technologies, it experiments trans-disciplinary methods in the production of empirical study off-site, in order to fill a substantive gap in scientific knowledge on the Khomeini years in Iran (1979-1988), and how their legacy reappears in todays’ politics of memory. By classifying and reviewing available sources in a digital “counter-archive”, the project will establish a genealogy of post-revolutionary violence and state formation in Iran, and make this documentation available for further research. It will also document and analyze the memory politics linked to this foundational past and how they redefine the boundaries of political participation. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
US 2007/0001169 W | HOLE PUNCH | A hole punch having one or more punch elements located above a base and having substantially upward opening slot(s) to hold a stack of papers or sheet media to be punched, and an L-shaped handle pivoting at the elbow in the L on the base, wherein one or more of the handle connectors extend in between, underneath, or along the outside of the punch elements. The punch elements include a horizontally translating punch pin having a notch hooked by an actuating end of the pivoting handle to produce the punching action. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W2312886948 | Directional Superradiant Emission from Statistically Independent Incoherent Nonclassical and Classical Sources | Superradiance is one of the outstanding problems in quantum optics since Dicke introduced the concept of enhanced directional spontaneous emission by an ensemble of identical two-level atoms. The effect is based on correlated collective Dicke states which turn out to be highly entangled. Here we show that enhanced directional emission of spontaneous radiation can be produced also with statistically independent incoherent sources via the measurement of higher order correlation functions of the emitted radiation. Our analysis is applicable to a wide variety of quantum systems like trapped atoms, ions, quantum dots or NV-centers, and is also valid for statistically independent incoherent classical emitters. This is experimentally confirmed with up to eight independent thermal light sources. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.08.011 | Microcirculation in the murine liver: a computational fluid dynamic model based on 3D reconstruction from in vivo microscopy | The liver is organized in hexagonal functional units – termed lobules – characterized by a rather peculiar blood microcirculation, due to the presence of a tangled network of capillaries – termed sinusoids. A better understanding of the hemodynamics that governs liver microcirculation is relevant to clinical and biological studies aimed at improving our management of liver diseases and transplantation. Herein, we built a CFD model of a 3D sinusoidal network, based on in vivo images of a physiological mouse liver obtained with a 2-photon microscope. The CFD model was developed with Fluent 16. 0 (ANSYS Inc. , Canonsburg, PA), particular care was taken in imposing the correct boundary conditions representing a physiological state. To account for the remaining branches of the sinusoids, a lumped parameter model was used to prescribe the correct pressure at each outlet. The effect of an adhered cell on local hemodynamics is also investigated for different occlusion degrees. The model here proposed accurately reproduces the fluid dynamics in a portion of the sinusoidal network in mouse liver. Mean velocities and mass flow rates are in agreement with literature values from in vivo measurements. Our approach provides details on local phenomena, hardly described by other computational studies, either focused on the macroscopic hepatic vasculature or based on homogeneous porous medium model. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
Q4940251 | (7161.24052017.110000235) RMOLEIFICIOINTERNAZIONALISATION | SPA OLEIFICIO RM? UM OLEIFICIO QUE OPERA EM LUCCA DESDE 1960. É UMA DAS EMPRESAS MAIS IMPORTANTES? IMPORTANTE NO SETOR PETROLÍFERO ITALIANO. A EMPRESA DESEMPENHA UM PAPEL IMPORTANTE NOS MERCADOS ESTRANGEIROS E NO SEU INTERESSE? PARA FORTALECER AS RELAÇÕES COM OS CLIENTES. PATECIPATING ENTÃO EM FEIRAS, ESPECIALMENTE EM DUBAI E ALEMANHA, ONDE SEU OBJETIVO? ENTRE EM CONTATO COM POTENCIAIS CLIENTES ÁRABES E CANADIANOS. A OLEIFICIO RM TAMBÉM PRETENDE ORGANIZAR UMA ENTRADA DO CANADÁ PARA PERMITIR QUE SEUS POTENCIAIS CLIENTES ENTREM EM CONTATO COM A PRÓPRIA EMPRESA E O TERRITÓRIO, APRIMORANDO O PRODUTO E OS PROCESSOS DEDICADOS A ELE. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1097/01.mpg.0000450392.23156.10 | Celiac disease genetics: Past, present and future challenges | In the past few years there has been enormous progress in unraveling the genetic basis of celiac disease (CD). Apart from the well-known association to HLA, there are currently 40 genomic loci associated to CD. Most of these loci show pleiotropic effects across many autoimmune diseases and highlight the importance of a dysregulated immune system in the predisposition to CD. It is still too early, however, to use genetics in clinical practice for predicting individual risk. The major challenge for the future is to translate genetic findings into a better understanding of the underlying disease mechanism and to design new ways to treat CD and prevent its development. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
Q4430095 | Implementation of the rental service as an opportunity for the development of the company | The project will consist of the purchase of new services indicated in the Budget, which will directly contribute to the introduction of new services. Therefore, the project will lead to diversification of the Company’s offer, the realisation of the objectives of the project will be possible thanks to the planned investments. The project will be implemented in the Voivodeship. The Lower Silesian. The tasks provided for in the project will follow each other in a logical dependency, in order to ensure their full consistency, the implementation will be based on an analysis of possible hazards and the possibility to mitigate them, while taking into account the project’s intended results. The project will allow to broaden the scope of the Applicant’s activities with new, previously unoffered services: renting campers. The planned investments will adapt the company to the provision of services such as: rental of campers equipped with access to RES. In addition, pro-environmental effects will be achieved thanks to the investment in camper, which will contribute to reducing environmental pollution. The investment will be financed from a loan, own funds and the Applicant also plans to use the advance. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1039/c2sm07179g | Synchrotron XRR study of soft nanofilms at the mica-water interface | We describe here the design of a liquid cell specific for synchrotron X-ray reflectometry (XRR) characterisation of soft matter nanofilms at the mica-water interface. The feature of the cell is a "bending mica" method: by slightly bending the mica substrate over an underling cylinder the rigidity of the mica sheet along the bending axis is enhanced, providing sufficient flatness along the apex of the cylinder as required by XRR measurements. Using this cell, we have performed XRR measurements for a number of systems and in this article we show example results: (1) a cationic surfactant, C 16TAB; (2) a zwitterionic surfactant, C 12H 25PC; (3) a semi-fluorinated surfactant, F 4H 11(d)TAB; and (4) surface complex of an anionic fluorinated surfactant, CsPFN, and a positively charged polymer, PEI. For the data analysis we have taken into account the mica crystal truncation rod, i. e. the reflectivity from the mica substrate, and fitted the data with a custom Java™ based software package. Our results unravel detailed structural information of these soft nanofilms, indicating that this method is suitable for XRR measurements of a wide range of soft matter structures at the mica-water interface. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
PH 12019501988 A | AN ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING ESSENTIAL OIL AND ANTIMICROBIAL LIPID | This invention relates to an antimicrobial composition, especially one which provides synergistic anti-dandruff or anti-acne efficacy. This is achieved through a judicious combination of select essential oil actives chosen from thymol, or terpineol and certain antimicrobial lipids selected from sapienic acid, palmitoleic acid, sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, phytosphingosine, and 6-hydroxysphingosine. These compositions can be delivered through very many different types of personal care products e.g. shampoo, conditioner; face wash or hand wash product; or a leave on cream/lotion. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
269460 | Oral culture, manuscript and print in early modern Italy, 1450-1700 | From the palazzo to the piazza, from the church to the private household, the spoken and sung word had uniquely important roles to play in transmitting information, opinions and texts in the society of early modern Italy. Oral discussion and performance, both formal and informal, were used intensively in the culture of the literate minority, while the verbal culture of the uneducated depended mainly or solely on orality. Constant interaction between the oral and the written enriched and shaped both forms of expression. Yet the voices that were so prominent throughout the cultural life of this period have been neglected. This pioneering project will provide the first integrated study of the practices and the social, intellectual and aesthetic values of oral culture, thus opening up new horizons for the study of early modern Italian culture as a whole.
The challenge is to recapture the rich but ephemeral world of Renaissance orality through correlated studies of the traces it has left in written sources such as diaries, archival records, literary texts, treatises and correspondence. The fundamental research question to be asked is: how did oral culture relate to written culture and how far was it independent of writing? The investigation will focus on four key areas: social performance, politics, religion and linguistic usage. It will encompass spaces such as courts, council chambers, churches, academies, streets, houses and the countryside; men and women of all social classes; and contexts including ceremonial and ritual events, oratory, public and private performance, and scripted and improvised entertainment. This unique research will also lead to a new understanding of the cultural functions of the exceptionally wide spectrum of languages used throughout the peninsula. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
215982 | Trauma studies in the digital age: the impact of social media on trauma processing in life narratives and in trauma literature: the case of hungary | The aim of the TRAPRODIG project is to analyse cultural and literary trauma processing in the framework of digital memory studies, particularly in relation to the similarities and differences of collective trauma processing and trauma literature in modern democracies and dictatorships; with a special trans-cultural focus on the case of Hungary as a post-socialist country with unresolved twentieth century collective traumas and on life narratives of Hungarian migrants in Europe, especially in the United Kingdom.
The interdisciplinary scientific goal of the project is to introduce the concept of “digital (cultural and literary) trauma processing” and develop the scientific field of “digital trauma studies” at the intersection of digital memory studies and cultural trauma studies; based on the outcomes of the two way knowledge transfer in the training-through research of the applicant, who is an expert on literary and cultural trauma studies, at the leading research centre of cultural and digital memory studies at the University of Amsterdam.
The TRAPRODIG project is of clear relevance to the Marie Sklodowska-Curie actions programme as it will contribute to a better understanding of the link of current cultural developments to the collective traumas of the past in post-socialist countries; it draws attention to the voices of contemporary migrants within the European cultural framework; and it will also add significantly to the mapping of trauma literature and life narratives in Europe by analysing how the 21st century digital environment influences both personal and collective trauma processing in local, national and trans-national communities within Europe. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1111/cdev.12049 | Child care in infancy and cognitive performance until middle childhood in the millennium cohort study | This study used a British cohort (n = ∼13,000) to investigate the association between child care during infancy and later cognition while controlling for social selection and missing data. It was found that attending child care (informal or center based) at 9 months was positively associated with cognitive outcomes at age 3 years, but only for children of mothers with low education. These effects did not persist to ages 5 or 7 years. Early center-based care was associated with better cognitive outcomes than informal care at ages 3 and 5 years, but not at 7 years. Effect sizes were larger among children whose mother had low education. Propensity score matching and multiple imputation revealed significant findings undetected using regression and complete-case approaches. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1600469097 | Induction of Diploid Androgenesis in the Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis | This study reports the results on induced diploid androgenesis in the Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was used to inactivate maternal genome of H. fossilis. Complete inactivation of maternal genome was recorded at 12,500 ergs/mm2. These genome-inactivated eggs of H. fossilis were inseminated with conspecific sperm. The sperm suspension was diluted to 1 × 107 sperm ml/L in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution. Egg viability was assessed for different exposure durations at fertilization, hatching, haploidy, and diploidization. Majority of the larvae derived from irradiated eggs had abnormal appearance. Complete inactivation of maternal genome was detected by haploid syndrome and confirmed by chromosome counting (n = 29). These eggs activated with sperm were subjected to heat shock at 40 and 41 C for different postactivation times and durations. Diploid androgens had a normal appearance as controls and confirmed by chromosome counting (n = 58). A maximum of 21 and 14% of diploidization was recorded at 30 min after activation, at 40 and 41 C, which corresponds to the first cleavage suppression time. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
787576 | Artificial Intelligence for Air Quality | The IntelliAQ project will develop novel approaches for the analysis and synthesis of global air quality data based on deep neural networks. The foundation of this project is the world’s largest collection of surface air quality measurements, which was recently assembled by the principal investigator and plays a pivotal role in the ongoing first comprehensive Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR). This database will be complemented with data from the world’s leading effort to collect global air pollutant measurements in near realtime and combined with high-resolution geodata, weather information, and satellite retrievals of atmospheric composition in order to characterize individual measurement locations and regional air pollution patterns. State-of-the-art deep learning methods will be applied to this unprecedented dataset in order to 1) fill observation gaps in space and time, 2) provide short-term forecasts of air quality, and 3) assess the quality of air pollutant information from diverse measurements. The combination of diverse data sources is unique, and the project will be the first to apply the full potential of deep neural networks on global air quality data. The achievement of the three IntelliAQ objectives will shift the analysis of global air pollutant observations to a new level and provide a basis for the future development of innovative air quality services with robust scientific underpinning. Due to the heterogeneity of the multivariate data, lack of structure, and generally unknown uncertainty of the input data, the project also poses challenges for existing deep learning methods, and will thus lead to new developments in this field. Direct outcomes of the project will be a substantial improvement of global air quality information including methods to assess the quality of air pollution measurements, and a new data-driven method for forecasting air quality at local scales. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-61779-264-9_14 | Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation Assay To Monitor Kinase Substrate Interactions In Vivo | Enzyme-substrate interactions are weak and occur only transiently and thus, a faithful analysis of these interactions typically requires elaborated biochemical methodology. The bimolecular-fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay, also referred to as split YFP assay, is a powerful and straightforward tool to test protein-protein interactions. This system is commonly used due to many advantages and especially due to its simple ease of use. BIFC relies on the reconstitution of an N-terminal and C-terminal half of YFP into a functional, i. e. , fluorescent protein. Noteworthy, the dissociation constant of the two YFP halves is much lower than the association constant leading to a stabilization of the protein-protein interaction to be monitored. Whereas this property is sometimes critical, it also increases the sensitivity of the detection system by stabilizing transient interactions. Here, we exploit this property to detect and monitor interaction between a kinase and its substrate. In particular, we characterize with the BiFC system kinase-variants that show an altered substrate binding. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318483 | Interleukin-22 orchestrates a pathological endoplasmic reticulum stress response transcriptional programme in colonic epithelial cells | ObjectiveThe functional role of interleukin-22 (IL22) in chronic inflammation is controversial, and mechanistic insights into how it regulates target tissue are lacking. In this study, we evaluated the functional role of IL22 in chronic colitis and probed mechanisms of IL22-mediated regulation of colonic epithelial cells. DesignTo investigate the functional role of IL22 in chronic colitis and how it regulates colonic epithelial cells, we employed a three-dimentional mini-gut epithelial organoid system, in vivo disease models and transcriptomic datasets in human IBD. ResultsAs well as inducing transcriptional modules implicated in antimicrobial responses, IL22 also coordinated an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response transcriptional programme in colonic epithelial cells. In the colon of patients with active colonic Crohn’s disease (CD), there was enrichment of IL22-responsive transcriptional modules and ER stress response modules. Strikingly, in an IL22-dependent model of chronic colitis, targeting IL22 alleviated colonic epithelial ER stress and attenuated colitis. Pharmacological modulation of the ER stress response similarly impacted the severity of colitis. In patients with colonic CD, antibody blockade of IL12p40, which simultaneously blocks IL12 and IL23, the key upstream regulator of IL22 production, alleviated the colonic epithelial ER stress response. ConclusionsOur data challenge perceptions of IL22 as a predominantly beneficial cytokine in IBD and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of IL22-mediated pathogenicity in chronic colitis. Targeting IL22-regulated pathways and alleviating colonic epithelial ER stress may represent promising therapeutic strategies in patients with colitis. Trial registration numberNCT02749630. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
226462 | Modelling, Optimization and Control of Biomedical Systems | The main aim of the proposed project is to develop models and model based control and optimization methods and tools for drug delivery systems, which would ensure: (i) Reliable and fast calculation of the optimal drug dosage without the need for an on-line computer while taking into account the specifics and constraints of the patient model (personalised health care) (ii) Flexibility to adapt to changing patient characteristics, (iii) Incorporation of the physician s performance criteria (iv) Safety of the patients (v) Reduced size effects by optimising the drug infusion rates The overall control and optimisation approach will rely on the novel multi-parametric model-based control technology developed by the PI over the past 15 years, which will be further extended and implemented in the context of the following biomedical systems (a) insulin delivery (b) control of anaesthesia and hemodynamic variables, (c) optimal chemotherapy design for anti-cancer (d) optimal control of the chemotherapy for HIV. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.proci.2016.07.104 | A comparison between direct numerical simulation and experiment of the turbulent burning velocity-related statistics in a turbulent methane-air premixed jet flame at high Karlovitz number | A three-dimensional (3D) direct numerical simulation (DNS) of an experimental turbulent premixed jet flame at high Karlovitz number was studied. A reduced chemical mechanism for premixed methane/air flames with NOx was used. The 3D and 2D flame curvatures evaluated with the O2-based method were compared in the DNS. The 3D curvature PDF showed that the curvature distribution is positively skewed with a negative mean. The 2D curvature PDF however were symmetric and their means were near zero. The DNS results were almost identical to the experimental ones indicating that the DNS and experiment have very similar wrinkling characteristics. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
336792 | Classifying the Range of Exoplanetary Atmospheres using Transmission and Emission Spectroscopy | Rarely in astrophysics are there opportunities to spectrally classify a completely new group of astrophysical objects. This is the challenge facing the exoplanets christened “hot Jupiters”. The detection and subsequent spectroscopic information now achievable for a large number of these exoplanets are now allowing for detailed comparative exoplanetology. This project uses a twofold approach to advance both the theory and observation of these exoplanets beyond their current limitations. Hot Jupiter atmospheric spectra are built from two large observational survey programmes headed by Dr. Sing to obtain a vast amount of high quality data on transmission spectra. One large programme uses the HST which alone will quadruple the number of broadband exoplanet transmission spectra. The Hubble survey will be augmented by a large programme on the GTC telescope, where we will put efforts into pioneering multi-object spectroscopy, capable of delivering space-like quality spectra. Both large programmes will be further complemented by followup observations, as well as existing near-IR spectroscopy. This project will combine this plethora of data in a coherent fashion, enabling studies of nearly the entire planetary atmosphere. Our observational efforts will be combined with a broad and inclusive theoretical modeling programme, where we will incorporate clouds and hazes, modelling the complete atmosphere in a self-consistent manner with a 3D global circulation model. Our library of transmission spectra across the hot-Jupiter class will be used to address long outstanding and complex issues. We will focus our efforts on two key areas, addressing why some hot Jupiters have hazes & clouds while others do not, and the outstanding issue on the presence or absence of stratospheres. For the first time a comprehensive set of high quality exoplanet spectra will be available with which to inter-compare using the required set of theoretical tools. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020208 | Ultrafast 2D NMR: An emerging tool in analytical spectroscopy | Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy is widely used in chemical and biochemical analyses. Multidimensional NMR is also witnessing increased use in quantitative and metabolic screening applications. Conventional 2D NMR experiments, however, are affected by inherently long acquisition durations, arising from their need to sample the frequencies involved along their indirect domains in an incremented, scan-by-scan nature. A decade ago, a so-called ultrafast (UF) approach was proposed, capable of delivering arbitrary 2D NMR spectra involving any kind of homo- or heteronuclear correlation, in a single scan. During the intervening years, the performance of this subsecond 2D NMR methodology has been greatly improved, and UF 2D NMR is rapidly becoming a powerful analytical tool experiencing an expanded scope of applications. This review summarizes the principles and main developments that have contributed to the success of this approach and focuses on applications that have been recently demonstrated in various areas of analytical chemistry-from the real-time monitoring of chemical and biochemical processes, to extensions in hyphenated techniques and in quantitative applications. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W1827093709 | Detecting compartmental non-Gaussian diffusion with symmetrized double-PFG MRI | Diffusion in tissue and porous media is known to be non-Gaussian and has been used for clinical indications of stroke and other tissue pathologies. However, when conventional NMR techniques are applied to biological tissues and other heterogeneous materials, the presence of multiple compartments (pores) with different Gaussian diffusivities will also contribute to the measurement of non-Gaussian behavior. Here we present symmetrized double PFG (sd-PFG), which can separate these two contributions to non-Gaussian signal decay as having distinct angular modulation frequencies. In contrast to prior angular d-PFG methods, sd-PFG can unambiguously extract kurtosis as an oscillation from samples with isotropic or uniformly oriented anisotropic pores, and can generally extract a combination of compartmental anisotropy and kurtosis. The method further fixes its sensitivity with respect to the time dependence of the apparent diffusion coefficient. We experimentally demonstrate the measurement of the fourth cumulant (kurtosis) of diffusion and find it consistent with theoretical predictions. By enabling the unambiguous identification of contributions of compartmental kurtosis to the signal, sd-PFG has the potential to help identify the underlying micro-structural changes corresponding to current kurtosis based diagnostics, and act as a novel source of contrast to better resolve tissue micro-structure. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W1974109001 | Psychometric analysis of the new ADHD DSM-V derived symptoms | Following the agreements on the reformulating and revising of ADHD diagnostic criteria, recently, the proposed revision for ADHD added 4 new symptoms to the hyperactivity and Impulsivity aspect in DSM-V. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the proposed ADHD diagnostic criteria.ADHD diagnosis was made according to DSM-IV. The parents completed the screening test of ADHD checklist of Child Symptom Inventory-4 and the 4 items describing the new proposed symptoms in DSM-V.The confirmatory factor analysis of the ADHD DSM-V derived items supports the loading of two factors including inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity. There is a sufficient reliability for the items. However, confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model is better fitted than the two-factor one. Moreover, the results of the exploratory analysis raised some concerns about the factor loading of the four new items.The current results support the two-factor model of the DSM-V ADHD diagnostic criteria including inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity. However, the four new items can be considered as a third factor. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1007/s10853-013-7458-7 | Developing plant fibre composites for structural applications by optimising composite parameters: A critical review | Plant fibres, perceived as environmentally sustainable substitutes to E-glass, are increasingly being employed as reinforcements in polymer matrix composites. However, despite the promising technical properties of cellulose-based fibres and the historic use of plant fibre reinforced plastics (PFRPs) in load-bearing components, the industrial uptake of PFRPs in structural applications has been limited. Through an up-to-date critical review of the literature, this manuscript presents an overview on key aspects that need consideration when developing PFRPs for structural applications, including the selection of (I) the fibre type, fibre extraction process and fibre surface modification technique, (II) fibre volume fraction, (III) reinforcement geometry and interfacial properties, (IV) reinforcement packing arrangement and orientation and (V) matrix type and composite manufacturing technique. A comprehensive materials selection chart (Ashby plot) is also produced to facilitate the design of a PFRP component, based on the (absolute and specific) tensile properties. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-91268-4_19 | Integrating Simulink Models Into The Model Checker Cosmos | We present an implementation for Simulink model executions in the statistical model-checker Cosmos. We take profit of this implementation for hybrid modeling and simulations combining Petri nets and Simulink models. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1098/rspb.2010.0394 | Trisomy and triploidy are sources of embryo mortality in the zebra finch | Hatching failure is a surprisingly common phenomenon given that natural selection constantly works against it. In birds, an average of about 10 per cent of eggs across species fail to hatch, often owing to the death of embryos. While embryo mortality owing to inbreeding is both well-documented and evolutionarily plausible, this is not true for other sources of mortality. In fact, the basis for hatching failure in natural populations remains largely unexplained. Here, we demonstrate that embryo mortality in captive zebra finches (
Taeniopygia guttata
) follows from chromosomal aneuploidy or polyploidy. As part of microsatellite genotyping of a captive breeding population, we found 12 individuals (3. 6%) with three alleles among 331 embryos that had died during development, while there were no such cases observed among 1210 adult birds. Subsequent genotyping of 1920 single nucleotide polymorphism markers distributed across the genome in birds with three alleles at microsatellite loci, and in greater than 1000 normal birds, revealed that the aberrant karyotypes involved cases of both trisomies and triploidy. Cases of both maternally and paternally inherited trisomies resulted from non-disjunction during meiosis. Maternally inherited cases of triploidy were attributable to failure of meiosis leading to diploid eggs, while paternally inherited triploidy could have arisen either from diploid sperm or from dispermy. Our initial microsatellite screening set only had the power to detect less than 10 per cent of trisomies and by extrapolation, our data therefore tentatively suggest that trisomy might be a major cause of embryo mortality in zebra finches. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
US 202217870528 A | STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR A TELEOPERATIONAL MEDICAL SYSTEM | A system comprises a manipulator assembly, one or more sensing elements configured to sense an arrangement of the assembly, and a control system configured to: determine a motion limit of the manipulator assembly based on the sensed arrangement of the assembly by using a position of a joint of a plurality of joints or using a position of a link of a plurality of links; store a plurality of threshold limits, where each of the plurality of threshold limits is associated with a procedure type and defines a limit of a range to be potentially travelled by the manipulator assembly to perform a procedure of the associated procedure type; select a threshold limit of the plurality of threshold limits based on which procedure type is to be performed; and provide a notification indicative of whether the selected threshold limit is outside a range of motion bounded by the motion limit. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/adom.201800999 | Light Scattering by Structurally Anisotropic Media: A Benchmark with Transparent Wood | Transparent wood (TW) is a biocomposite material with hierarchical structure, which exhibits high optical transmittance and anisotropic light scattering. Here, the relation between anisotropic scattering and the internal structure of transparent wood is experimentally studied and the dependence of scattering anisotropy on material thickness, which characterizes the fraction of ballistic photons in the propagating light, is shown. The limitations of the conventional haze, as it is implemented to isotropic materials, are discussed, and a modified characteristic parameter of light scattering—the degree of anisotropic scattering is defined. This parameter together with the transport mean free path value is more practical and convenient for characterization of the material scattering properties. It is believed that the generic routine described in this paper can be applied for scattering characterization and comparison of other TW materials of either different thickness, optical quality or based on various wood species. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
3730809 | Nanoscale digital microscope | The NanoXim project proposes a disruptive nanoscale holographic microscope with a sensing architecture that can compensate for the lack of complexity of usual optical components (confocal) or markers (fluorescent) by use of novel theories and numerical algorithms. The technique based on digital holography allows to realize 3D movies with sub-µm resolution.
The instrument developed CEA builds phase contrast maps of a specimen by using 3D propagation and numerical reconstruction algorithms already implemented in a user-friendly interface. We propose realize a study of the a large panel of end-users and also to validate immediate needs and requirements in health problems and bio-technology.
First objective consists in supporting CEA to bridge the gap from research prototypes to the pre-commercial products and initiate the creation of a start-up. We will increase of the technology readiness of the instrument. TEMATYS SME will support this by bringing a market analysis and set a full business model. We will seek for valorization through patenting and licensing to put the instrument close to the market. A startup creation willbe initiated. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10405 | Primary Aldosteronism And Cardiovascular Events It Is Time To Take Guideline Recommendations Seriously | It is nowadays widely accepted that primary aldosteronism is the most frequent cause of endocrine hypertension. Prevalence rates among patients with hypertension are 6% in the primary care setting and 11% in tertiary care referral centers (1). The 2016 Endocrine Society Practice Guidelines (2) recommend screening of hypertensive subjects with increased pre-test probability which accounts to roughly 50% of all hypertensives. Nevertheless, these recommendations stand isolated and are not fully reflected by current hypertension guidelines in the US or Europe. More importantly, current health care data suggest that little has changed in terms of screening: according to a 2015 survey only 1% of hypertensives are screened in Italy and 2% in Germany by general practitioners (3). It is in this context in the current issue of the journal, that Ohno et al. publish their data from the recently founded Japan Primary Aldosteronism Study (4). | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1038/srep26171 | The proactive bilingual brain: Using interlocutor identity to generate predictions for language processing | The present study investigated the proactive nature of the human brain in language perception. Specifically, we examined whether early proficient bilinguals can use interlocutor identity as a cue for language prediction, using an event-related potentials (ERP) paradigm. Participants were first familiarized, through video segments, with six novel interlocutors who were either monolingual or bilingual. Then, the participants completed an audio-visual lexical decision task in which all the interlocutors uttered words and pseudo-words. Critically, the speech onset started about 350 ms after the beginning of the video. ERP waves between the onset of the visual presentation of the interlocutors and the onset of their speech significantly differed for trials where the language was not predictable (bilingual interlocutors) and trials where the language was predictable (monolingual interlocutors), revealing that visual interlocutor identity can in fact function as a cue for language prediction, even before the onset of the auditory-linguistic signal. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01904 | Visualization of Water-Induced Surface Segregation of Polarons on Rutile TiO<inf>2</inf>(110) | Water-oxide surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and of widespread importance to phenomena like corrosion as well as contemporary industrial challenges such as energy production through water splitting. So far, a reasonably robust understanding of the structure of such interfaces under certain conditions has been obtained. Considerably less is known about how overlayer water modifies the inherent reactivity of oxide surfaces. Here we address this issue experimentally for rutile TiO2(110) using scanning tunneling microscopy and photoemission, with complementary density functional theory calculations. Through detailed studies of adsorbed water nanoclusters and continuous water overlayers, we determine that excess electrons in TiO2 are attracted to the top surface layer by water molecules. Measurements on methanol show similar behavior. Our results suggest that adsorbate-induced surface segregation of polarons could be a general phenomenon for technologically relevant oxide materials, with consequences for surface chemistry and the associated catalytic activity. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
CA 2009000367 W | PROCESS OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE BLEACHING OF CHEMICAL PULPS USING MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE OR MAGNESIUM OXIDE | The present invention provides an improved process for chlorine dioxide bleaching of chemical pulps in an aqueous suspension, which uses magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide. The process involves the addition of magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide to the pulp, in addition to chlorine dioxide, maintaining the mixture at a pH between about 2.5 to 7.5 for about 1 or more hours, most suitably between about 1 - 4 hours. This process can be used in the D1 or D2 stage of a typical D0EopD1E2D2 bleaching sequence, as well as in the chlorine dioxide brightening stage of other three, four, five, and six-stage bleaching sequences of either the so-called ECF process, or those containing elemental chlorine (Cl2). The temperature is between about 40 to about 90°C, and the pulp consistency is between about 1 to about 16%. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.197376 | Risk stratification by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and estimated glomerular filtration rate in 5322 subjects from 11 populations | No previous study addressed whether in the general population estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR [Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula]) adds to the prediction of cardiovascular outcome over and beyond ambulatory blood pressure. We recorded health outcomes in 5322 subjects (median age, 51. 8 years; 43. 1% women) randomly recruited from 11 populations, who had baseline measurements of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP24) and eGFR. We computed hazard ratios using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression. Median follow-up was 9. 3 years. In fully adjusted models, which included both ABP24 and eGFR, ABP24 predicted (P≤0. 008) both total (513 deaths) and cardiovascular (206) mortality; eGFR only predicted cardiovascular mortality (P=0. 012). Furthermore, ABP24 predicted (P≤0. 0056) fatal combined with nonfatal events as a result of all cardiovascular causes (555 events), cardiac disease (335 events), or stroke (218 events), whereas eGFR only predicted the composite cardiovascular end point and stroke (P≤0. 035). The interaction terms between ABP24 and eGFR were all nonsignificant (P=0. 082). For cardiovascular mortality, the composite cardiovascular end point, and stroke, ABP24 added 0. 35%, 1. 17%, and 1. 00% to the risk already explained by cohort, sex, age, body mass index, smoking and drinking, previous cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and antihypertensive drug treatment. Adding eGFR explained an additional 0. 13%, 0. 09%, and 0. 14%, respectively. Sensitivity analyses stratified for ethnicity, sex, and the presence of hypertension or chronic kidney disease (eGFR <60 mL/min per 1. 73 m) were confirmatory. In conclusion, in the general population, eGFR predicts fewer end points than ABP24. Relative to ABP24, eGFR is as an additive, not a multiplicative, risk factor and refines risk stratification 2-to 14-fold less. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1093/bib/bbr035 | A toolbox for developing bioinformatics software | Creating useful software is a major activity of many scientists, including bioinformaticians. Nevertheless, software development in an academic setting is often unsystematic, which can lead to problems associated with maintenance and long-term availibility. Unfortunately, well-documented software development methodology is difficult to adopt, and technical measures that directly improve bioinformatic programming have not been described comprehensively. We have examined 22 software projects and have identified a set of practices for software development in an academic environment. We found them useful to plan a project, support the involvement of experts (e. g. experimentalists), and to promote higher quality and maintainability of the resulting programs. This article describes 12 techniques that facilitate a quick start into software engineering. We describe 3 of the 22 projects in detail and give many examples to illustrate the usage of particular techniques. We expect this toolbox to be useful for many bioinformatics programming projects and to the training of scientific programmers. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms9207 | Novel PRD-like homeodomain transcription factors and retrotransposon elements in early human development | Transcriptional program that drives human preimplantation development is largely unknown. Here, by using single-cell RNA sequencing of 348 oocytes, zygotes and single blastomeres from 2- to 3-day-old embryos, we provide a detailed analysis of the human preimplantation transcriptome. By quantifying transcript far 5′-ends (TFEs), we include in our analysis transcripts that derive from alternative promoters. We show that 32 and 129 genes are transcribed during the transition from oocyte to four-cell stage and from four- to eight-cell stage, respectively. A number of identified transcripts originates from previously unannotated genes that include the PRD-like homeobox genes ARGFX, CPHX1, CPHX2, DPRX, DUXA, DUXB and LEUTX. Employing de novo promoter motif extraction on sequences surrounding TFEs, we identify significantly enriched gene regulatory motifs that often overlap with Alu elements. Our high-resolution analysis of the human transcriptome during preimplantation development may have important implications on future studies of human pluripotent stem cells and cell reprograming. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.apal.2017.06.002 | Clustered cell decomposition in P-minimal structures | We prove that in a P-minimal structure, every definable set can be partitioned as a finite union of classical cells and regular clustered cells. This is a generalization of previously known cell decomposition results by Denef and Mourgues, which were dependent on the existence of definable Skolem functions. Clustered cells have the same geometric structure as classical, Denef-type cells, but do not have a definable function as center. Instead, the center is given by a definable set whose fibers are finite unions of balls. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2552364413 | The significance of biologically active zones of the skin in the electric exchange of the body with the external environment (on the example, operational damage) | This work is devoted to the phenomenon occurring in long-term damage to the biologically active
 zones (BAZ) by metal spokes and leading to local and general disorders of the organism corresponding to
 the specific damaged BAZ.
 On a large clinical material of the application of the apparatuses for external trans-osseous fixation for the
 treatment of injuries of bones and joints, the author found the phenomenon of energetic exchange between the
 organism and environment, occurring through BAZ and representing a link of the functional system of adaptive
 regulation.
 This allows to attribute the disorders of the normal energetic exchange due to the skin damage, to important
 pathogenetic factors that must be considered in the treatment of trauma patients.
 For the first time, the nature of some complications developing in long-term trauma of BAZ, is established
 and scientifically proven.
 For the first time in academic medicine, the position on the role of BAZ as a functional system of adaptive
 regulation of the human body, is proposed and experimentally substantiated. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1039/C7TC02775C | Controlling Crystallization To Imprint Nanophotonic Structures Into Halide Perovskites Using Soft Lithography | Halide perovskites have recently gained widespread attention for their high efficiencies in photovoltaics, and they have also been studied for applications in light emission. Both of these fields can benefit from nanophotonic patterning. Here, by controlling the crystallization of the perovskite film in contact with a nanotextured silicone polymer stamp, nanostructures are reproduced in the perovskite. Soft lithography techniques such as this imprinting are particularly useful for halide perovskites, which are incompatible with the aqueous solutions and plasmas used in conventional patterning processes. Additionally, soft lithography can pattern over defects and avoids damaging the master. By extending nanoscale soft lithography to halide perovskites, new opportunities arise in merging nanophotonics with these remarkable materials. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1973745191 | Water-Cluster-Detecting Breath Sensor and Applications in Cars for Detecting Drunk or Drowsy Driving | Developing safety measures to prevent drunk and drowsy driving is a major technical challenge for the car industry. I have developed a system for this that involves the water-cluster-detecting (WDC) breath sensor. The WCD breath sensor detects breath by measuring electric currents of positively or negatively charged water clusters in breath that are separated by using an electric field. The WCD breath-alcohol sensor couples the WCD breath sensor with an alcohol sensor and simultaneously detects the electrical signals of both breath and alcohol in the breath. This ensures that the sample is from a person's breath, not an artificial source. Furthermore, the WCD breath sensor can detect breath from about 50 cm and can also test the level of alertness of a subject sitting in the driver's seat of a car. This is done by measuring the point of time at which the breathing changes from conscious, such as in pursed-lip breathing, to unconscious, such as when the driver becomes drowsy. This is the first result that one device has been used to detect both drunk and drowsy driving. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/ICCV.2013.396 | Towards Understanding Action Recognition | Although action recognition in videos is widely studied, current methods often fail on real-world datasets. Many recent approaches improve accuracy and robustness to cope with challenging video sequences, but it is often unclear what affects the results most. This paper attempts to provide insights based on a systematic performance evaluation using thoroughly-annotated data of human actions. We annotate human Joints for the HMDB dataset (J-HMDB). This annotation can be used to derive ground truth optical flow and segmentation. We evaluate current methods using this dataset and systematically replace the output of various algorithms with ground truth. This enables us to discover what is important - for example, should we work on improving flow algorithms, estimating human bounding boxes, or enabling pose estimation? In summary, we find that high-level pose features greatly outperform low/mid level features, in particular, pose over time is critical, but current pose estimation algorithms are not yet reliable enough to provide this information. We also find that the accuracy of a top-performing action recognition framework can be greatly increased by refining the underlying low/mid level features, this suggests it is important to improve optical flow and human detection algorithms. Our analysis and J-HMDB dataset should facilitate a deeper understanding of action recognition algorithms. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.94.035435 | Theoretical and computational analysis of second- and third-harmonic generation in periodically patterned graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers | Remarkable optical and electrical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers, offer vast technological potential for novel and improved optoelectronic nanodevices, many of which rely on nonlinear optical effects in these 2D materials. This paper introduces a highly effective numerical method for efficient and accurate description of linear and nonlinear optical effects in nanostructured 2D materials embedded in periodic photonic structures containing regular three-dimensional (3D) optical materials, such as diffraction gratings and periodic metamaterials. The proposed method builds upon the rigorous coupled-wave analysis and incorporates the nonlinear optical response of 2D materials by means of modified electromagnetic boundary conditions. This allows one to reduce the mathematical framework of the numerical method to an inhomogeneous scattering matrix formalism, which makes it more accurate and efficient than previously used approaches. An overview of linear and nonlinear optical properties of graphene and TMDC monolayers is given and the various features of the corresponding optical spectra are explored numerically and discussed. To illustrate the versatility of our numerical method, we use it to investigate the linear and nonlinear multiresonant optical response of 2D-3D heteromaterials for enhanced and tunable second- and third-harmonic generation. In particular, by employing a structured 2D material optically coupled to a patterned slab waveguide, we study the interplay between geometric resonances associated to guiding modes of periodically patterned slab waveguides and plasmon or exciton resonances of 2D materials. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1556/032.2018.68.3.6 | Publishing Ideas The Factors Determining The Number Of Book Titles | The number of books published in a country reflects its economic, social and cultural development. Yet, all too often, the production of books is looked upon solely in economic terms, i. e. as a part of national income, or as a proxy for human capital which, in turn, might explain economic growth. In this paper, we aim to give books their day in court. Using a dataset with book titles per 1,000 inhabitants for a large number of countries since 1950, we find that the number of titles was mainly driven by the level of education and income in the lower quantiles. The reduction of printing after 1990 was, surprisingly, not caused by a rise in other media, such as the internet, but, mostly, by a reduction in the effect of education in the poorer countries. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1039/C7CY02194A | Steel Based Electrocatalysts For Efficient And Durable Oxygen Evolution In Acidic Media | High overpotentials, particularly an issue of common anode materials, hamper the process of water electrolysis for clean energy generation. Thanks to immense research efforts, up-to-date oxygen evolution electrocatalysts based on earth-abundant elements work efficiently and stably in neutral and alkaline regimes. However, non-noble metal-based anode materials that can withstand low pH regimes are considered to be an indispensable prerequisite for the water splitting to succeed in the future. All oxygen-evolving electrodes working durably and actively in acids contain Ir at least as an additive. Due to their scarcity and high acquisition costs, noble elements like Pt, Ru and Ir need to be replaced by earth-abundant elements. We have evaluated a Ni-containing stainless steel for use as an oxygen-forming electrode in diluted H2SO4. Unmodified Ni42 steel showed a significant weight loss after long-term OER polarization experiments. Moreover, a substantial loss of the OER performance of the untreated steel specimen seen in linear sweep voltammetry measurements turned out to be a serious issue. However, upon anodization in LiOH, Ni42 alloy was rendered in OER electrocatalysts that exhibit, under optimized synthesis conditions, stable overpotentials down to 445 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at pH 0. Even more importantly, the resulting material has been proven to be robust upon long-term usage (weight loss: 20 μg mm−2 after 50 ks of chronopotentiometry at pH 1) towards OER in H2SO4. Our results suggest that electrochemical oxidation of Ni42 steel in LiOH (sample Ni42Li205) results in the formation of a metal oxide-containing outer zone that supports solution route-based oxygen evolution in the acidic regime accompanied by good stability of the catalyst. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2267118901 | Conservation agriculture for enhancing crop productivity and resource-use efficiency | At global scale much emphasis has been given on conservation agriculture. During the last four decades intensive agriculture has been practiced by using excessive chemical fertilizers without taking care of organic manures. This leads to decline in production and profitability of farmers’ income. Rampant decline in resources forced many countries at global scale to shift towards conservation agriculture. Globally, conservation agriculture has been adopted over 106 million ha area. USA, Australia, Canada, Brazil and Argentina are leading countries. The main aim of this technology is minimal disturbance of soil, no tillage and retention of crop residue on soil surface with reduced traffic. Use of cover crops and green manuring should be included in cropping cycle. Adoption of conservation agriculture practices will lead to enhanced and sustained crop production, soil quality and sound environment which is required for sustainable agriculture. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.immuni.2019.04.002 | Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Are Essential Components of the Subcapsular Sinus Macrophage Niche | In lymph nodes, subcapsular sinus macrophages (SSMs) form an immunological barrier that monitors lymph drained from peripheral tissues. Upon infection, SSMs activate B and natural killer T (NKT) cells while secreting inflammatory mediators. Here, we investigated the mechanisms regulating development and homeostasis of SSMs. Embryonic SSMs originated from yolk sac hematopoiesis and were replaced by a postnatal wave of bone marrow (BM)-derived monocytes that proliferated to establish the adult SSM network. The SSM network self-maintained by proliferation with minimal BM contribution. Upon pathogen-induced transient deletion, BM-derived cells contributed to restoring the SSM network. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were the main source of CSF-1 within the lymph node and conditional deletion of Csf1 in adult LECs decreased the network of SSMs and medullary sinus macrophages (MSMs). Thus, SSMs have a dual hematopoietic origin, and LECs are essential to the niche supporting these macrophages. Mondor et al. demonstrate that subcapsular sinus macrophages (SSMs) self-maintain by proliferation in the adult mouse lymph node and that homeostasis of SSMs and medullary sinus macrophages (MSMs) relies on secretion of CSF-1 by neighboring lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0143681 | Fast Calcium Imaging with Optical Sectioning via HiLo Microscopy | Imaging intracellular calcium concentration via reporters that change their fluorescence properties upon binding of calcium, referred to as calcium imaging, has revolutionized our way to probe neuronal activity non-invasively. To reach neurons densely located deep in the tissue, optical sectioning at high rate of acquisition is necessary but difficult to achieve in a cost effective manner. Here we implement an accessible solution relying on HiLo microscopy to provide robust optical sectioning with a high frame rate in vivo. We show that large calcium signals can be recorded from dense neuronal populations at high acquisition rates. We quantify the optical sectioning capabilities and demonstrate the benefits of HiLo microscopy compared to wide-field microscopy for calcium imaging and 3D reconstruction. We apply HiLo microscopy to functional calcium imaging at 100 frames per second deep in biological tissues. This approach enables us to discriminate neuronal activity of motor neurons from different depths in the spinal cord of zebrafish embryos. We observe distinct time courses of calcium signals in somata and axons. We show that our method enables to remove large fluctuations of the background fluorescence. All together our setup can be implemented to provide efficient optical sectioning in vivo at low cost on a wide range of existing microscopes. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
817754 | Global and Local Health Impact Assessment of Transport: methods for prioritising model development | Transport is a major determinant of population health. Adverse health impacts are greatest in lower and middle income cities. Research and policy models are being used to predict how changes in travel patterns and related exposures (e.g. physical activity, air pollution, and road traffic danger) might influence health outcomes (e.g. injuries, heart disease, some cancers and diabetes). However, current methods are not able to produce reliable or comparable results for the questions researchers and policy makers are asking. Results are needed for settings with limited data. Methods are needed to integrate with the separate discipline of transport modelling. There is a need to develop the next generation of transport and health impact models and tools that are academically robust and practically useful.
I will develop the next generation of models through the following objectives:
1. To develop methods and computer programs that allow researchers to compare health impact models and data. By collating and comparing models across many settings and scenario I will identify the circumstances in which variation in model structure and parameters makes an important difference to model results. This information will be used to create and test models for new settings and problems.
2. To integrate health impact modelling methods with the models used by transport researchers. This will make health impacts visible to transport planners. I will investigate the added value that land use/transport models can bring to health impact modelling from improved spatial and temporal detail and following households’ residential location over time.
3. To use the methods from (1) and findings from (1) and (2) to develop a global city-level model and tool that utilises the best data available in any setting to create comparable exposure and disease estimates. This will transform the opportunities for modelling health impacts of transport policies and scenarios across the world. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
Q2908540 | Lap – Strengthening the test capacity of patients infected with COVID-19 | This project aims to realise the investment necessary to enable LAP the necessary equipment to enhance its ability to carry out tests for clinical diagnosis of infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus, ensuring a test capacity of more than 4 thousand tests per day. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
W2067146823 | Effect of replacing soybean protein with protein from ensiled stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. var. guianensis) on growth performance, carcass traits and organ weights of exotic (Landrace × Yorkshire) and native (Moo Lath) Lao pigs | The present study examined the impact of replacing crude protein (CP) from soybean with CP from ensiled stylo (ES) on growth performance, carcass traits and organ weights in Landrace × Yorkshire (LY) and Moo Lath (ML) native Lao pigs. Twenty-four castrated male pigs, 12 of each breed, were allocated to the diet treatments according to a completely randomised 3 × 2 factorial (three ES levels × two breeds) arrangement, with four pigs per diet treatment. Pigs were kept in individual pens and fed at 4 % dry matter of body weight for 98 days. The control diet was formulated with soybean meal as the main CP source, and in the other two experimental diets, CP from soybean was replaced at 25 % (ES25) and 50 % (ES50) by CP from ES. Calculated metabolisable energy intake decreased with ES50 diet, while dry matter intake (DMI) and CP intake (CPI) were the highest in ES25 diet (P < 0.001). Overall, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were unaffected by diet treatments. Carcass weight, backfat thickness and dressing percentage were unaffected by soybean CP replacement, while the weights of lung, large intestine and stomach were higher (P < 0.001) when 25 % of soybean CP was replaced by CP from ES. LY pigs had higher (P < 0.001) DMI, CPI and ADG and poorer (P < 0.001) FCR than ML pigs. LY pigs had higher carcass weight (P < 0.001), lower backfat thickness (P < 0.001) and higher organ weight (P < 0.001) than ML pigs, except for small intestine weight, where there was no difference between the LY and ML pigs (P > 0.05). In conclusion, ES can replace up to 50 % of soybean CP in the diet of growing Lao LY and ML pigs without negative effects on performance and carcass traits. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/ijc.28830 | Circulating tumor cells detection has independent prognostic impact in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer | High-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) progresses to metastatic disease in 10-15% of cases, suggesting that micrometastases may be present at first diagnosis. The prediction of risks of progression relies upon EORTC scoring systems, based on clinical and pathological parameters, which do not accurately identify which patients will progress. Aim of the study was to investigate whether the presence of CTC may improve prognostication in a large population of patients with Stage I bladder cancer who were all candidate to conservative surgery. A prospective single center trial was designed to correlate the presence of CTC to local recurrence and progression of disease in high-risk T1G3 bladder cancer. One hundred two patients were found eligible, all candidate to transurethral resection of the tumor followed by endovesical adjuvant immunotherapy with BCG. Median follow-up was 24. 3 months (minimum-maximum: 4-36). The FDA-approved CellSearch System was used to enumerate CTC. Kaplan-Meier methods, log-rank test and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis was applied to establish the association of circulating tumor cells with time to first recurrence (TFR) and progression-free survival. CTC were detected in 20% of patients and predicted both decreased TFR (log-rank p < 0. 001; multivariable adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2. 92 [95% confidence interval: 1. 38-6. 18], p = 0. 005), and time to progression (log-rank p < 0. 001; HR 7. 17 [1. 89-27. 21], p = 0. 004). The present findings provide evidence that CTC analyses can identify patients with Stage I bladder cancer who have already a systemic disease at diagnosis and might, therefore, potentially benefit from systemic treatment. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
W2385846799 | RESEARCH ON DIFFERENT ACUMULATION CHRACTER OF GAS POOL FOR THE FIRST MEMBER OF SHAXIMIAO FORMATION IN THE DATACHANG AREA OF SOUTH SICHUAN | For the obvious selective accumulation characteristics of shallow low-pressure gas reservoir of Datachang in the south of Sichuan,the use of oil and gas accumulation of secondary migration theory is used to analyze the low-pressure gas reservoir of Shaximiao Formation in this area.The differences in oil and gas accumulation in the layer section are controlled by structures,reservoir properties,migration pathways,blocking conditions,which formed a combination of factors and the matching conditions.The accumulation of oil and gas possesses following characters:① Main channel sand body in the high part of structure connects with boundary faults at depth.② Sand body of main river channel sedimentation pinch out upwards with well developed small faults and fissures under the sand bodies.③ Stacked channel sand bodies lie in the channel of oil and gas migration.It is thought that the formation and accumulation of gas and oil in the first Member of Shaximiao Formation were controlled by structures,physical property of reservoir,migration channel and shelter conditions. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1364/OE.20.008907 | Negative Radiation Pressure And Negative Effective Refractive Index Via Dielectric Birefringence | We show that light guided in a planar dielectric slab geometry incorporating a biaxial medium has lossless modes with group and phase velocities in opposite directions. Particles in a vacuum gap inserted into the structure experience negative radiation pressure: the particles are pulled by light rather than pushed by it. This effectively one-dimensional dielectric structure represents a new geometry for achieving negative radiation pressure in a wide range of frequencies with minimal loss. Moreover, this geometry provides a straightforward platform for experimentally resolving the Abrahams-Minkowski dilemma. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
interreg_2409 | Mediterranean Tourism Network | The project MedTourNet aims at promoting the notion of sustainable tourism development of insular and coastal areas through: a) The development of new tourism products (eg. conference, educational, religious, cultural tourism, agrotourism); b) Reduction of the seasonality phenomenon thanks to the provision of new tourism products; c) The promotion of local traditional products; d) The use of new methods and tools for the promotion of traditional products and tourism products to the European and global market. Tourism industry in the regions involved is one of the most important growing economic sectors, and is exhibiting similar weaknesses but at the same time similar opportunities for future development. The partnership has active involvement in local and regional development and has identified common characteristics critical in the tourism sustainable development as follows: • Tourism in these areas has a seasonal demand pattern with impact to quality of services. National and private investment is needed in order to have significant magnitude of operation, retain experienced personnel, provide high quality service and amortize repair and upgrade capital expenditures over larger periods of time. However Tourism business is mostly small SMEs, unable to carry this long investment. • Tourism is not focused on niche markets that are profitable like conference, educational, therapeutic, sports and other thematic tourist areas. • There is no Tourism Local Resources Exploitation Plan that will take advantage of existing infrastructure and tourism resources (sightseeing, museums, theatres, festivals etc). In tourist areas there is no central organized tourism plan that can offer solutions and facilities (eg a daily excursion schedule for family entertainment, or one day visitors) that can be included in ‘tourism packages’. • Tourist enterprises are not centrally directed or controlled and thus planning of activities and synergies are left to private entrepreneurship with know-how spill over and synergies to be minimal. At the same time, the size of tourist enterprises is very small SMEs and the lack of networking, use of IT and Telecom technology, as well as lack of proper language and tourist services training makes the situation even more difficult. Med Tour Net objective is to support sustainable tourism development through the exploitation of existing tourism resources and the expansion of the tourism market which is a) tourism period and b) target tourism segment. During the MedTourNet project the partnership will take the necessary actions to describe the existing situation, infrastructure, tourism resources and existing services, and to define new tourism products that can be developed in the area according to existing resources | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
222814 | Multifunctional polymer composites doped with novel 2d nanoparticles for advanced applications | NANO2DAY is aiming at the development of advanced multifunctional composites with outstanding electronic and mechanical properties by incorporation of novel MXene nanosheets into polymer matrixes. The project will firstly go forward to the rational design and systematic exploration of MXene-polymer nanocomposites for wearable electronics and advanced structural components for airspace applications. This will be achieved by i) intersectoral consolidation and sharing of knowledge and expertise of 11 members from Europe and USA working in different areas and ii) collaborative research on the development and assessment of novel materials, including technology, characterisation, modelling, and validation. The concept explored in the project accounts for finding and extending the application potential of MXene-doped polymers and validation of their effectiveness compared to well-known graphene-doped polymers. The innovative aspects followed in the project are based on up-scaling of novel technologies for “close-to-industrial” synthesis of MXenes and MXene-doped polymer masterbatches and implementation of MXenes into design of structural polymer composites, including FRPs. NANO2DAY will essentially contribute to the integration of scientific insights into innovation-based industrial environment and successful implementation of novel advanced materials into practical applications. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/c9qi00875f | Electro-activity and magnetic switching in lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets | The present work reviews switching of single-molecule magnetic behaviour achieved through various stimuli such as temperature, light irradiation, redox processes, solvation/desolvation, and magnetic field. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00208 | Adverse Outcome Pathways and Drug-Induced Liver Injury Testing | (Figure Presented) Drug-induced liver injury is a prominent reason for premarketing and postmarketing drug withdrawal and can be manifested in a number of ways, such as cholestasis, steatosis, and fibrosis. The mechanisms driving these toxicological processes have been well characterized and have been emdedded in adverse outcome pathway frameworks in recent years. This review evaluates these constructs and simultaneously illustrates their use in the preclinical testing of drug-induced liver injury. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.concog.2019.05.006 | Visuo-tactile congruency influences the body schema during full body ownership illusion | Previous research showed that full body ownership illusions in virtual reality (VR) can be robustly induced by providing congruent visual stimulation, and that congruent tactile experiences provide a dispensable extension to an already established phenomenon. Here we show that visuo-tactile congruency indeed does not add to already high measures for body ownership on explicit measures, but does modulate movement behavior when walking in the laboratory. Specifically, participants who took ownership over a more corpulent virtual body with intact visuo-tactile congruency increased safety distances towards the laboratory's walls compared to participants who experienced the same illusion with deteriorated visuo-tactile congruency. This effect is in line with the body schema more readily adapting to a more corpulent body after receiving congruent tactile information. We conclude that the action-oriented, unconscious body schema relies more heavily on tactile information compared to more explicit aspects of body ownership. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1039/C1NJ20163H | Activation Of P4 By U Η5 C5Me5 Η8 C8H6 Siipr3 2 1 4 Thf The X Ray Structure Of U Η5 C5Me5 Η8 C8H6 Siipr3 2 1 4 2 Μ Η2 Η2 P4 | The uranium(III) mixed sandwich complex [U(η5-C5Me5)(η8-C8H6(SiiPr3)2-1,4)(THF)] reacts with white phosphorus to afford dimeric [U(η5-C5Me4H)(η8-C8H6(SiiPr3)2-1,4)]2(μ-η2:η2−P4), whose X-ray structure reveals a novel η2,η2bonding mode for the bridging P4 unit. DFT computational studies confirm that the P4 ring is doubly reduced and show interaction of the uranium atoms with both a σ and a π orbital of the P4 ring. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
2719105 | Microbial production of custom-made, pure and sustainable anthocyanins | The colour industry is undergoing a radical change as it moves from harmful, synthetic colorants to natural, plant-based colour compounds. This change creates several problems as natural colours are poor in quality, they are impure and they compete directly with agricultural land use and food. To overcome these limitations, at N-CHROMA we have developed a new revolutionary technology to produce colour compounds suitable for the Food & Beverage and Colour Cosmetics industries. We do this by using microorganisms to produce custom-made, high quality and pure anthocyanin compounds in a sustainable and cost effective manner. To achieve this we are using baker’s yeast as a microbial cell factory to produce stable anthocyanins. This class of colour compounds shows advanced characteristics in terms of stability to pH changes, making them more attractive to the target markets.
With the SME instrument phase 1 grant, we aim to assess the functionality of our ingredients to existing products. Also, the cost-in-use of our highly pure compounds will be assessed during the technical feasibility study. In addition, we will perform commercial feasibility studies for the use of anthocyanins in the cosmetic, personal care and nutraceutical markets. Such markets have not been investigated so far but they hold great potential for anthocyanins due to their high antioxidant activity and biological function. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP11(2015)173 | Lepton Flavor Non Universality In B Meson Decays From A U 2 Flavor Model | We address the recent anomalies in semi-leptonic $B$-meson decays using a model of fermion masses based on the $U(2)$ flavor symmetry. The new contributions to $b \to s \ell \ell$ transitions arise due to a tree-level exchange of a $Z^\prime$ vector boson gauging a $U(1)$ subgroup of the flavor symmetry. They are controlled by a single parameter and are approximately aligned to the Standard Model prediction, with constructive interference in the $e$-channel and destructive interference in the $\mu$-channel. The current experimental data on semi-leptonic $B$-meson decays can be very well reproduced without violating existing constraints from flavor violation in the quark and lepton sectors. Our model will be tested by new measurements of $b \to s \ell \ell$ transitions and also by future electroweak precision tests, direct $Z^\prime$ searches, and $\mu$-$e$ conversion in nuclei. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP11(2013)040 | Weighted Laplacians Cocycles And Recursion Relations | Hodge's formula represents the gravitational MHV amplitude as the deter- minant of a minor of a certain matrix. When expanded, this determinant becomes a sum over weighted trees, which is the form of the MHV formula first obtained by Bern, Dixon, Perelstein, Rozowsky and rediscovered by Nguyen, Spradlin, Volovich and Wen. The gravity MHV amplitude satisfies the Britto, Cachazo, Feng and Witten recursion re- lation. The main building block of the MHV amplitude, the so-called half-soft function, satisfies a different, Berends-Giele-type recursion relation. We show that all these facts are illustrations to a more general story. We consider a weighted Laplacian for a complete graph of n vertices. The matrix tree theorem states that its diagonal minor determinants are all equal and given by a sum over spanning trees. We show that, for any choice of a cocycle on the graph, the minor determinants satisfy a Berends-Giele as well as Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten type recursion relation. Our proofs are purely combinatorial. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
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