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10.1016/j.coi.2018.01.001 | Control of B-1a cell development by instructive BCR signaling | B-1a cells remain one of the most enigmatic lymphocyte subsets. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the development of these cells and their regulation by the transcription factors Bhlhe41 and Arid3a as well as by the RNA-binding protein Lin28b. A large body of literature supports an instructive role of BCR signaling in B-1a cell development and lineage commitment, which is initiated only after signaling from an autoreactive BCR. While both fetal and adult hematopoiesis can generate B-1a cells, the contribution of adult hematopoiesis to the B-1a cell compartment is low under physiological conditions. We discuss several models that can reconcile the instructive role of BCR signaling with this fetal bias in B-1a cell development. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1111/febs.12358 | The recognition and removal of cellular poly(ADP-ribose) signals | Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular pathways, including, but not limited to, transcription, chromatin, DNA damage and other stress signalling. Similar to other tightly regulated post-translational modifications, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation employs 'writers', 'readers' and 'erasers' to confer regulatory functions. The generation of poly(ADP-ribose) is catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzymes, which use NAD+ as a cofactor to sequentially transfer ADP-ribose units generating long polymers, which, in turn, can affect protein function or serve as a recruitment platform for additional factors. Historically, research has focused on poly(ADP-ribose) generation pathways, with knowledge about PAR recognition and degradation lagging behind. Over recent years, several discoveries have significantly furthered our understanding of poly(ADP-ribose) recognition and, even more so, of poly(ADP-ribose) degradation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the protein modules recognizing poly(ADP-ribose) and discuss the newest developments on the complete reversibility of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is an evolutionary conserved dynamic post-translational modification involved in a variety of biological functions. Poly(ADP-ribose) has a short half-life and the cellular levels of poly(ADP-ribose) are tightly regulated by both its production and degradation. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the protein modules that recognize poly(ADP-ribose) and summarize the newest developments on the degradation of poly(ADP-ribose). | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W3044841283 | New insight on the oxidative degradation in materials used by Piero Gilardi in two second generation Nature Carpets: A micro-invasive spectroscopic approach | Abstract Nature Carpets are installations realized by Piero Gilardi using expanded polyurethane, cut, shaped, and painted with vibrant colors in order to portrait natural sceneries. Their intrinsic mixed media nature often exposes them to fast degradation. While it is well known how Nature Carpets are realized using expanded poly(ether urethane), material particularly prone to fast oxidative degradation, the chemical composition of the paint often remains unknown. Furthermore, it has been reported how the artist changed his working technique during the years, in order to increase the life-span of his artworks. Since the paint layer protects the internal expanded foam core, for conservation purposes it is extremely important to know its composition. This study presents analytical results on the materials used in two Nature Carpets: La Grotta (1981, restored in 1989) and Scoglio Sonoro Interattivo (1997), focusing in particular on the paint layer composition. A micro-spectroscopic approach was chosen to obtain as much information as possible from minimal sampling, in order not to damage the artworks. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034411 | Natural photoreceptors as a source of fluorescent proteins, biosensors, and optogenetic tools | Genetically encoded optical tools have revolutionized modern biology by allowing detection and control of biological processes with exceptional spatiotemporal precision and sensitivity. Natural photoreceptors provide researchers with a vast source of molecular templates for engineering of fluorescent proteins, biosensors, and optogenetic tools. Here, we give a brief overview of natural photoreceptors and their mechanisms of action. We then discuss fluorescent proteins and biosensors developed from light-oxygen-voltage-sensing (LOV) domains and phytochromes, as well as their properties and applications. These fluorescent tools possess unique characteristics not achievable with green fluorescent protein-like probes, including near-infrared fluorescence, independence of oxygen, small size, and photosensitizer activity. We next provide an overview of available optogenetic tools of various origins, such as LOV and BLUF (blue-light-utilizing flavin adenine dinucleotide) domains, cryptochromes, and phytochromes, enabling control of versatile cellular processes. We analyze the principles of their function and practical requirements for use. We focus mainly on optical tools with demonstrated use beyond bacteria, with a specific emphasis on their applications in mammalian cells. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00516 | Assessing the Onset of Calcium Phosphate Nucleation by Hyperpolarized Real-Time NMR | We report an experimental approach for high-resolution real-time monitoring of transiently formed species occurring during the onset of precipitation of ionic solids from solution. This is made possible by real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) monitoring using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) to amplify signals of functional intermediates and is supported by turbidimetry, cryogenic electron microscopy, and solid-state NMR measurements. D-DNP can provide drastic signal improvements in NMR signal amplitudes, permitting dramatic reductions in acquisition times and thereby enabling us to probe fast interaction kinetics such as those underlying formation of prenucleation species (PNS) that precede solid-liquid phase separation. This experimental strategy allows for investigation of the formation of calcium phosphate (CaP)-based minerals by 31P NMR - a process of substantial industrial, geological, and biological interest. Thus far, many aspects of the mechanisms of CaP nucleation remain unclear due to the absence of experimental methods capable of accessing such processes on sufficiently short time scales. The approach reported here aims to address this by an improved characterization of the initial steps of CaP precipitation, permitting detection of PNS by NMR and determination of their formation rates, exchange dynamics, and sizes. Using D-DNP monitoring, we find that under our conditions (i) in the first 2 s after preparation of oversaturated calcium phosphate solutions, PNS with a hydrodynamic radius of Rh ≈ 1 nm is formed and (ii) following this rapid initial formation, the entire crystallization processes proceed on considerably longer time scales, requiring >20 s to form the final crystal phase. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1109/IECON.2013.6699304 | Reduction Of Dc Link Capacitance For Three Phase Three Wire Shunt Active Power Filters | Three-phase three-wire shunt active power filters (APFs) usually employ very large electrolytic capacitors in the dc-link to mitigate utility side harmonics. These capacitors are however known to be bulky and of short operating lifetime, particularly for systems where high ripple currents exist. This paper presents the concept of dc-link compensator (DLC) that aims to decouple the harmonic power from the dc-link of APF. With proper system sizing and design, most of the harmonic power can be eliminated by this DLC circuit and very small electrolytic capacitors or even film type capacitors can be used instead. Moreover, DLC itself is constructed with small passive components and features very simple circuit configuration. Experimental results are provided to show its effectiveness. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.4804429 | Storing Magnetic Information In Irmn Mgo Ta Tunnel Junctions Via Field Cooling | In this paper, we demonstrate that in Ta/MgO/IrMn tunneling junctions, containing no ferromagnetic elements, distinct metastable resistance states can be set by field cooling the devices from above the Neel temperature (TN) along different orientations. Variations of the resistance up to 10% are found upon field cooling in applied fields, in-plane or out-of-plane. Well below TN, these metastable states are insensitive to magnetic fields up to 2 T, thus constituting robust memory states. Our work provides the demonstration of an electrically readable magnetic memory device, which contains no ferromagnetic elements and stores the information in an antiferromagnetic active layer. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1192/bjo.2018.12 | RETRACTED – Mental health in UK Biobank: development, implementation and results from an online questionnaire completed by 157 366 participants | Background
UK Biobank is a well-characterised cohort of over 500 000 participants that offers unique opportunities to investigate multiple diseases and risk factors. Aims
An online mental health questionnaire completed by UK Biobank participants was expected to expand the potential for research into mental disorders. Method
An expert working group designed the questionnaire, using established measures where possible, and consulting with a patient group regarding acceptability. Case definitions were defined using operational criteria for lifetime depression, mania, anxiety disorder, psychotic-like experiences and self-harm, as well as current post-traumatic stress and alcohol use disorders. Results
157 366 completed online questionnaires were available by August 2017. Comparison of self-reported diagnosed mental disorder with a contemporary study shows a similar prevalence, despite respondents being of higher average socioeconomic status than the general population across a range of indicators. Thirty-five per cent (55 750) of participants had at least one defined syndrome, of which lifetime depression was the most common at 24% (37 434). There was extensive comorbidity among the syndromes. Mental disorders were associated with high neuroticism score, adverse life events and long-term illness; addiction and bipolar affective disorder in particular were associated with measures of deprivation. Conclusions
The questionnaire represents a very large mental health survey in itself, and the results presented here show high face validity, although caution is needed owing to selection bias. Built into UK Biobank, these data intersect with other health data to offer unparalleled potential for crosscutting biomedical research involving mental health. Declaration of interest
G. B. received grants from the National Institute for Health Research during the study; and support from Illumina Ltd. and the European Commission outside the submitted work. B. C. received grants from the Scottish Executive Chief Scientist Office and from The Dr Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation during the study. C. S. received grants from the Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust during the study, and is the Chief Scientist for UK Biobank. M. H. received grants from the Innovative Medicines Initiative via the RADAR-CNS programme and personal fees as an expert witness outside the submitted work. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2981774379 | Convergent Evolution of Hydrogenosomes from Mitochondria by Gene Transfer and Loss | Abstract Hydrogenosomes are H2-producing mitochondrial homologs found in some anaerobic microbial eukaryotes that provide a rare intracellular niche for H2-utilizing endosymbiotic archaea. Among ciliates, anaerobic and aerobic lineages are interspersed, demonstrating that the switch to an anaerobic lifestyle with hydrogenosomes has occurred repeatedly and independently. To investigate the molecular details of this transition, we generated genomic and transcriptomic data sets from anaerobic ciliates representing three distinct lineages. Our data demonstrate that hydrogenosomes have evolved from ancestral mitochondria in each case and reveal different degrees of independent mitochondrial genome and proteome reductive evolution, including the first example of complete mitochondrial genome loss in ciliates. Intriguingly, the FeFe-hydrogenase used for generating H2 has a unique domain structure among eukaryotes and appears to have been present, potentially through a single lateral gene transfer from an unknown donor, in the common aerobic ancestor of all three lineages. The early acquisition and retention of FeFe-hydrogenase helps to explain the facility whereby mitochondrial function can be so radically modified within this diverse and ecologically important group of microbial eukaryotes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1038/jid.2013.535 | Efficient keratinocyte differentiation strictly depends on JNK-induced soluble factors in fibroblasts | Previous studies demonstrated that fibroblast-derived and JUN-dependent soluble factors have a crucial role on keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation during cutaneous wound healing. Furthermore, mice with a deficiency in Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), JNK1 or JNK2, showed impaired skin development and delayed wound closure. To decipher the role of dermal JNK in keratinocyte behavior during these processes, we used a heterologous coculture model combining primary human keratinocytes and murine fibroblasts. Although cocultured JNK1/JNK2-deficient fibroblasts did not affect keratinocyte proliferation, temporal monitoring of the transcriptome of differentiating keratinocytes revealed that efficient keratinocyte differentiation not only requires the support by fibroblast-derived soluble factors, but is also critically dependent on JNK1 and JNK2 signaling in these cells. Moreover, we showed that the repertoire of fibroblast transcripts encoding secreted proteins is severely disarranged upon loss of JNK under the coculture conditions applied. Finally, our data demonstrate that efficient keratinocyte terminal differentiation requires constant presence of JNK-dependent and fibroblast-derived soluble factors. Taken together, our results imply that mesenchymal JNK has a pivotal role in the paracrine cross talk between dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes during wound healing. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1145/3343507 | Typing Messages For Free In Security Protocols | Security properties of cryptographic protocols are typically expressed as reachability or equivalence properties. Secrecy and authentication are examples of reachability properties, while privacy properties such as untraceability, vote secrecy, or anonymity are generally expressed as behavioral equivalence in a process algebra that models security protocols. Our main contribution is to reduce the search space for attacks for reachability as well as equivalence properties. Specifically, we show that if there is an attack then there is one that is well-typed. Our result holds for a large class of typing systems, a family of equational theories that encompasses all standard primitives, and protocols without else branches. For many standard protocols, we deduce that it is sufficient to look for attacks that follow the format of the messages expected in an honest execution, therefore considerably reducing the search space. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-018-03026-0 | Quantum and electrochemical interplays in hydrogenated graphene | The design of electrochemically gated graphene field-effect transistors for detecting charged species in real time, greatly depends on our ability to understand and maintain a low level of electrochemical current. Here, we exploit the interplay between the electrical in-plane transport and the electrochemical activity of graphene. We found that the addition of one H-sp 3 defect per hundred thousand carbon atoms reduces the electron transfer rate of the graphene basal plane by more than five times while preserving its excellent carrier mobility. Remarkably, the quantum capacitance provides insight into the changes of the electronic structure of graphene upon hydrogenation, which predicts well the suppression of the electrochemical activity based on the non-adiabatic theory of electron transfer. Thus, our work unravels the interplay between the quantum transport and electrochemical kinetics of graphene and suggests hydrogenated graphene as a potent material for sensing applications with performances going beyond previously reported graphene transistor-based sensors. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/19 | Seven Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Wmap Observations Planets And Celestial Calibration Sources | (Abridged) We present WMAP seven-year observations of bright sources which are often used as calibrators at microwave frequencies. Ten objects are studied in five frequency bands (23 - 94 GHz): the outer planets (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) and five fixed celestial sources (Cas A, Tau A, Cyg A, 3C274 and 3C58). The seven-year analysis of Jupiter provides temperatures which are within 1-sigma of the previously published WMAP five-year values, with slightly tighter constraints on variability with orbital phase, and limits (but no detections) on linear polarization. Scaling factors are provided which, when multiplied by the Wright Mars thermal model predictions at 350 micron, reproduce WMAP seasonally averaged observations of Mars within ~2%. An empirical model is described which fits brightness variations of Saturn due to geometrical effects and can be used to predict the WMAP observations to within 3%. Seven-year mean temperatures for Uranus and Neptune are also tabulated. Uncertainties in Uranus temperatures are 3%-4% in the 41, 61 and 94 GHz bands; the smallest uncertainty for Neptune is ~8% for the 94 GHz band. Intriguingly, the spectrum of Uranus appears to show a dip at ~30 GHz of unidentified origin, although the feature is not of high statistical significance. Flux densities for the five selected fixed celestial sources are derived from the seven-year WMAP sky maps, and are tabulated for Stokes I, Q and U, along with polarization fraction and position angle. Fractional uncertainties for the Stokes I fluxes are typically 1% to 3%. Source variability over the seven-year baseline is also estimated. Significant secular decrease is seen for Cas A and Tau A: our results are consistent with a frequency independent decrease of about 0. 53% per year for Cas A and 0. 22% per year for Tau A. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
714769 | Dusting for the Fingerprints of Planet Formation | With close to 2000 detected planets, it is striking that we still do not
understand how planets form. Their building blocks form in gas disks
around young stars, where colliding dust grains form ever-larger
aggregates. But this growth is not without limits: larger particles
quickly drift towards the star and collide at speeds that shatter them
to pieces, long before gravity can bind them together. The mechanisms
involved in the assembly and transport of these building blocks remain
some of the biggest mysteries of planet formation.
Solids in protoplanetary disks evolve differently than the gas, but not
independent of it. Observations allow us to directly probe particle
growth – the first stage of planet formation. But the gas-solids
coupling also enables us to probe the gas disk structure indirectly –
just like we cannot see the wind, but we see leaves being moved by it.
With this proposal I want to answer some of the key questions of planet
formation: (1) What mechanisms drive disk evolution? (2) What role do
solids play in the transport of volatiles and the pre-biotic building
blocks of life? We will for the first time couple detailed models of the
evolution of solids in protoplanetary disks with chemical models on the
one side and with hydrodynamical simulations on the other. We aim to
derive the unique observable fingerprints of these processes and link
those predictions to upcoming observations.
With the advent of the ALMA observatory, the prospects of finding these
fingerprints are excellent. ALMA will allow us to test our predictions
through a wide range of observables at unprecedented sensitivity and
resolution, including dust continuum emission, chemical abundance
patterns, and isotopic ratios in disks, comets, and our solar system.
With our work designed to interpret these observations, we will set the
stage for a future understanding of protoplanetary disks and planet
formation. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
321717 | SITE-SPECIFIC DNA REPLICATION PERTURBATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION | Challenges to the stable maintenance of the human genome can come from both endogenous and exogenous
sources. However, one of the major threats to genome stability occurs during normal DNA metabolism. The
genome is particularly susceptible to perturbation during the S-phase of the cell cycle when DNA replication
occurs. This is because DNA replication forks can encounter chemical adducts, DNA secondary structures,
topological constraints or bound proteins that hinder their progression. In actively proliferating cells, such as
stem cells, replication perturbation can lead to fork stalling, breakage or collapse. These scenarios can, in
turn, generate deleterious chromosomal rearrangements that have the potential to initiate human disease.
Despite recent advances in our understanding of the biochemical process of DNA replication, the precise
details of the events occurring at sites where replication forks have been perturbed remain poorly
characterised. This is because in-depth analysis of the perturbation of replication represents a major technical
challenge, principally because adducts and lesions generated by DNA damaging agents are randomly
distributed throughout the genome at sites that cannot be controlled or predicted. To overcome this technical
limitation, we have developed systems for site-specific perturbation of DNA replication that can be
transferred to any locus in any cell type. The aim is to define how replication fork perturbation is detected
and engaged by cellular stress-response factors, and then tolerated or repaired. This highly integrated
proposal, and the pioneering technologies that will be used to fulfil our ambitious aims, will have significant
implications for the understanding not only of replication perturbation and its effects on chromosome
dynamics in mitosis, but also of the role of replication stress in the aetiology of cancer and premature ageing.
It will open up new horizons both in and across these fields of research. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1016/j.molmet.2018.02.014 | NAMPT-mediated NAD <sup>+</sup> biosynthesis is indispensable for adipose tissue plasticity and development of obesity | Objective: The ability of adipose tissue to expand and contract in response to fluctuations in nutrient availability is essential for the maintenance of whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Given the nutrient scarcity that mammals faced for millions of years, programs involved in this adipose plasticity were likely evolved to be highly efficient in promoting lipid storage. Ironically, this previously advantageous feature may now represent a metabolic liability given the caloric excess of modern society. We speculate that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) biosynthesis exemplifies this concept. Indeed NAD + /NADH metabolism in fat tissue has been previously linked with obesity, yet whether it plays a causal role in diet-induced adiposity is unknown. Here we investigated how the NAD + biosynthetic enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) supports adipose plasticity and the pathological progression to obesity. Methods: We utilized a newly generated Nampt loss-of-function model to investigate the tissue-specific and systemic metabolic consequences of adipose NAD + deficiency. Energy expenditure, glycemic control, tissue structure, and gene expression were assessed in the contexts of a high dietary fat burden as well as the transition back to normal chow diet. Results: Fat-specific Nampt knockout (FANKO) mice were completely resistant to high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. This was driven in part by reduced food intake. Furthermore, HFD-fed FANKO mice were unable to undergo healthy expansion of adipose tissue mass, and adipose depots were rendered fibrotic with markedly reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Yet, surprisingly, HFD-fed FANKO mice exhibited improved glucose tolerance compared to control littermates. Removing the HFD burden largely reversed adipose fibrosis and dysfunction in FANKO animals whereas the improved glucose tolerance persisted. Conclusions: These findings indicate that adipose NAMPT plays an essential role in handling dietary lipid to modulate fat tissue plasticity, food intake, and systemic glucose homeostasis. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1039/c7cs00509a | Iminium and enamine catalysis in enantioselective photochemical reactions | The rapidly growing area of iminium and enamine catalysis in enantioselective photochemistry is reviewed, with an emphasis on catalytic modes and reaction types. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.098002 | Small Activity Differences Drive Phase Separation in Active-Passive Polymer Mixtures | Recent theoretical studies found that mixtures of active and passive colloidal particles phase separate but only at very high activity ratio. The high value poses serious obstacles for experimental exploration of this phenomenon. Here we show using simulations that when the active and passive particles are polymers, the critical activity ratio decreases with the polymer length. This not only facilitates the experiments but also has implications on the DNA organization in living cell nuclei. Entropy production can be used as an accurate indicator of this nonequilibrium phase transition. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.7554/eLife.27470 | Structure and in situ organisation of the pyrococcus furiosus archaellum machinery | The archaellum is the macromolecular machinery that Archaea use for propulsion or surface adhesion, enabling them to proliferate and invade new territories. The molecular composition of the archaellum and of the motor that drives it appears to be entirely distinct from that of the functionally equivalent bacterial flagellum and flagellar motor. Yet, the structure of the archaellum machinery is scarcely known. Using combined modes of electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM), we have solved the structure of the Pyrococcus furiosus archaellum filament at 4. 2 Å resolution and visualise the architecture and organisation of its motor complex in situ. This allows us to build a structural model combining the archaellum and its motor complex, paving the way to a molecular understanding of archaeal swimming motion. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1107/S1600577514021018 | Design And Development Of A Controlled Pressure Temperature Set Up For In Situ Studies Of Solid Gas Processes And Reactions In A Synchrotron X Ray Powder Diffraction Station | A novel set-up has been designed and used for synchrotron radiation X-ray high-resolution powder diffraction (SR-HRPD) in transmission geometry (spinning capillary) for in situ solid–gas reactions and processes in an isobaric and isothermal environment. The pressure and temperature of the sample are controlled from 10−3 to 1000 mbar and from 80 to 1000 K, respectively. To test the capacities of this novel experimental set-up, structure deformation in the porous material zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF-8) by gas adsorption at cryogenic temperature has been studied under isothermal and isobaric conditions. Direct structure deformations by the adsorption of Ar and N2 gases have been observed in situ, demonstrating that this set-up is perfectly suitable for direct structural analysis under in operando conditions. The presented results prove the feasibility of this novel experimental station for the characterization in real time of solid–gas reactions and other solid–gas processes by SR-HRPD. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
Q3857868 | Miglioramento della capacità produttiva in Ecosys Ltd. | Ecosys Ltd. è stata fondata nel 2011 con la principale attività di produzione di pannelli di parquet in legno non montati. Nel corso degli anni, l'azienda si è affermata sul mercato bulgaro come partner leale e corretto. Il prerequisito principale per questo è il controllo continuo del processo produttivo, così come il team professionale e altamente qualificato di Ecosys EOOD. L'azienda ha una base produttiva moderna. Nonostante il suo sviluppo stabile nel corso degli anni, Ecosys Ltd. affronta una serie di difficoltà, principalmente legate alla capacità produttiva. A causa del notevole carico di lavoro delle attrezzature esistenti, Ecosys EOOD non dispone di capacità produttiva inutilizzata. L'impresa sta vivendo limitazioni in termini di competitività, principalmente a causa della mancanza di capacità produttiva sufficiente a soddisfare i volumi di mercato della domanda. L'attuale capacità produttiva non consente di raggiungere gli obiettivi strategici previsti dell'azienda — espansione dell'impresa, entrare in nuovi mercati (compresi i mercati esterni), aumentare i ricavi di vendita.Per superare i problemi di cui sopra e migliorare la capacità produttiva dell'impresa al fine di aumentare la sua competitività e aumentare il suo potenziale di esportazione, questa proposta di progetto prevede l'attuazione della seguente attività:1. Il progetto rientra nella categoria "ampliamento della capacità di uno stabilimento esistente" e gli investimenti previsti sono direttamente collegati ad attività volte a migliorare la capacità produttiva di Ecosys Ltd. A seguito dell'attuazione della proposta di progetto, aumenterà la competitività e il potenziale di esportazione di Ecosys EOOD aumentando il volume di produzione, ottimizzando il processo di produzione, ottenendo una maggiore produttività, riducendo i costi di produzione, migliorando il prodotto offerto. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s13524-018-0759-3 | Same-Sex Parents and Children’s School Progress: An Association That Disappeared Over Time | Research is divided as to whether children living in same-sex parent families achieve different outcomes compared with their peers. In this article, we improve on earlier estimates of such differences and subsequently study whether and why the association between parental union sex composition and children’s school progress changed over time. Data from the American Community Survey waves 2008–2015 (N = 1,952,490 including 7,792 children living with a same-sex couple) indicate that children living with same-sex couples were historically more likely to be behind in school but that this association disappeared over time. Changes in socioeconomic characteristics of same-sex couples played a minor role. In 2008, it was only in areas with unfavorable laws and attitudes toward same-sex couples that children living with same-sex couples were more likely to be behind in school. This was especially the case for adopted children. In more recent periods, no effect of parental union sex composition on school progress is observed within any area or among any group studied. Based on where and when these changes took place, it is suggested that changing attitudes toward same-sex couples might have played an important role in equalizing school progress across groups. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
772635 | Children's Palliative care Outcome Scale | Person-centred care is a core health value of modern health care. The overarching aim of C-POS (Children's Palliative care Outcome Scale) is to develop and validate a person-centred outcome measure for children, young people (CYP) and their families affected by life-limiting & life-threatening conditions (LLLTC). International systematic reviews, and clinical guides have highlighted that currently none exists. This novel study will draw together a unique multidisciplinary collaboration to pioneer new methods, enabling engagement in outcome measurement by a population currently neglected in research.
C-POS builds on an international program of work. The sequential mixed methods will collect substantive data through objectives to determine i) the primary concerns of CYP and their families affected by LLLTC & preferences to enable participation in ethical person-centred measurement (n=50); ii) view of clinicians and commissioners on optimal implementation methods (national Delphi study); iii) a systematic review of current data collection tools for CYP regardless of condition; iv) integration of objectives i-iii to develop a tool (C-POS) with face and content validity; v) cognitive interviews to determine interpretability (n=40); vi) longitudinal cohort of CYP and families to determine test-retest reliability, internal consistency, construct validity and responsiveness (n=151); vii) development of resources for routine implementation viii) translation and interpretation protocols for international adoption.
C-POS is an ambitious study that, for the first time, will enable measurement of person-centred outcomes of care. This will be a turning point in the scientific study of a hitherto neglected group. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1002/smll.201400360 | Surface microfluidic patterning and transporting organic small molecules | A microfluidic method is developed to pattern organic small molecules directly in air. When heated to above its melting point, a powder melts into liquid drops which propagate along the pattern area. The method can further be applied to transport other dye molecules, to create multicolored patterns in one step. The fluorescence microscopy image shows rhodamine B (red), fluorescein (green), and calcein blue (blue) doped N-ethyl-d-glucamine on 100-μm Au lines. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-39742-4_31 | Applying Search In An Automatic Contract Based Testing Tool | Automated random testing has been shown to be effective at finding faults in a variety of contexts and is deployed in several testing frameworks. AutoTest is one such framework, targeting programs written in Eiffel, an object-oriented language natively supporting executable pre- and postconditions; these respectively serving as test filters and test oracles. In this paper, we propose the integration of search-based techniques--along the lines of Tracey--to try and guide the tool towards input data that leads to violations of the postconditions present in the code; input data that random testing alone might miss, or take longer to find. Furthermore, we propose to minimise the performance impact of this extension by applying GPU programming to amenable parts of the computation. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
176739 | Recognition and enrichment of archival documents | The overall objective of READ is to implement a Virtual Research Environment where archivists, humanities scholars, computer scientists and volunteers are collaborating with the ultimate goal of boosting research, innovation, development and usage of cutting edge technology for the automated recognition, transcription, indexing and enrichment of handwritten archival documents. This Virtual Research Environment will not be built from the ground up, but will benefit from research, tools, data and resources generated in multiple national and EU funded research and development projects and provide a basis for sustaining the network and the technology in the future. This ICT based e-infrastructure will address the Societal Challenge mentioned in Europe in a Changing World namely the ""transmission of European cultural heritage"" and the ""uses of the past"" as one of the core requirements of a reflective society. Based on research and innovation enabled by the READ Virtual Research Environment we will be able to explore and access hundreds of kilometres of archival documents via full-text search and therefore be able to open up one of the last hidden treasures of Europe's rich cultural hertitage. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1016/j.jde.2020.06.042 | Reaction-diffusion systems with initial data of low regularity | Models issued from ecology, chemical reactions and several other application fields lead to semi-linear parabolic equations with super-linear growth. Even if, in general, blow-up can occur, these models share the property that mass control is essential. In many circumstances, it is known that this L1 control is enough to prove the global existence of weak solutions. The theory is based on basic estimates initiated by M. Pierre and collaborators, who have introduced methods to prove L2 a priori estimates for the solution. Here, we establish such a key estimate with initial data in L1 while the usual theory uses L2. This allows us to greatly simplify the proof of some results. We also establish new existence results of semilinearity which are super-quadratic as they occur in complex chemical reactions. Our method can be extended to semi-linear porous medium equations. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1111/spc3.12265 | The Intention–Behavior Gap | Bitter personal experience and meta-analysis converge on the conclusion that people do not always do the things that they intend to do. This paper synthesizes research on intention–behavior relations to address questions such as: How big is the intention–behavior gap? When are intentions more or less likely to get translated into action? What kinds of problems prevent people from realizing their intentions? And what strategies show promise in closing the intention–behavior gap and helping people do the things that they intend to do?. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1038/srep29109 | Positron spectroscopy of point defects in the skyrmion-lattice compound MnSi | Outstanding crystalline perfection is a key requirement for the formation of new forms of electronic order in a vast number of widely different materials. Whereas excellent sample quality represents a standard claim in the literature, there are, quite generally, no reliable microscopic probes to establish the nature and concentration of lattice defects such as voids, dislocations and different species of point defects on the level relevant to the length and energy scales inherent to these new forms of order. Here we report an experimental study of the archetypical skyrmion-lattice compound MnSi, where we relate the characteristic types of point defects and their concentration to the magnetic properties by combining different types of positron spectroscopy with ab-initio calculations and bulk measurements. We find that Mn antisite disorder broadens the magnetic phase transitions and lowers their critical temperatures, whereas the skyrmion lattice phase forms for all samples studied underlining the robustness of this topologically non-trivial state. Taken together, this demonstrates the unprecedented sensitivity of positron spectroscopy in studies of new forms of electronic order. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W92784938 | Etudes des mécanismes cellulaires impliqués dans la signalisation calcique lors de l'exposition à des contaminants environnementaux : les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs) | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), constitute a major family of widely-distributed environmental contaminants known to promote various deleterious effects towards human health, including the development of cancers and cardiovascular pathologies. Most of these effects have been linked to the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor primarily located in the cytosol. In addition, PAHs have been shown to elicit an early and transient increase in intracellular calcium concentration, that is required for up-regulation of AhR-mediated induction of PAHs target genes and PAHs toxicity. However, the origin of PAHs-related calcium signal still yet unknown. Our results show that AhR is not involved in the calcium signal triggered by PAHs in our models. In addition, we demonstrated the prototypical PAH B(a)P can bind to s2ADR and to consequently activate a G protein/AC/cAMP/Epac-1/IP3 pathway, which in turn resulted into [Ca2+]i increase, required for B(a)P-mediated induction of the AhR gene target CYP1B1. Such data are therefore consistent with a previously-unsuspected implication of the s2ADR system in deleterious effects of environmental PAHs. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
IB 2006003335 W | EVAPORATION PANELS FOR THE TREATING OF SEWAGE AND DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURING THEREOF | A device for the manufacturing of evaporation panels (1) by drying, comprising feeding means (9) for net portions (21, 22, 23, 24) and it is characterized in that it comprises a first (3) and a second (4) plurality of supporting members, arranged alternated therebetween and being apt to receive alternatively as rest the net portions (21, 22, 23, 24) and a plurality of welding heads (5) , apt to implement the welding of said net portions (21, 22, 23, 24) alternatively at the first (3) and the second (4) plurality of supporting members and in an intermediate position between such supporting members (3, 4) (figure 3A) . | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201116760 | Spin Orbit Inclinations Of The Exoplanetary Systems Hat P 8B Hat P 9B Hat P 16B And Hat P 23B | We report the measurement of the spin-orbit angle of the extra-solar planets HAT-P-8 b, HAT-P-9 b, HAT-P-16 b, and HAT-P-23 b, based on spectroscopic observations performed at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence with the SOPHIE spectrograph on the 1. 93-m telescope. Radial velocity measurements of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect show the detection of an apparent prograde, aligned orbit for all systems. The projected spin-orbit angles are found to be lambda = -17 degrees(+9. 2)(-11. 5), -16 degrees +/- 8 degrees, -10 degrees +/- 16 degrees, and +15 degrees +/- 22 degrees for HAT-P-8, HAT-P-9, HAT-P-16, and HAT-P-23, respectively, with corresponding projected rotational velocities of 14. 5 +/- 0. 8, 12. 5 +/- 1. 8, 3. 9 +/- 0. 8, and 7. 8 +/- 1. 6 km s(-1). These new results increase to 37 the number of accurately measured spin-orbit angles in transiting extrasolar systems. We conclude by drawing a tentative picture of the global behaviour of orbital alignement, involving the complexity and diversity of possible mechanisms. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1109/TSUSC.2018.2809574 | Hpc Cooling A Flexible Modeling Tool For Effective Design And Management | Complex computing platforms such as High Performance Computers and Data Centers are critical systems from the energy sustainability viewpoint, due to their high computational power and demanding thermal stability specifications. In this context, cooling is a crucial component to operate such systems efficiently. Adavanced solutions, based on liquid and hybrid topologies are available today, but they come with a twofold challenge. On one hand, as widely recognized in the literature, the cooling devices need to be operated in a coordinated and energy-efficient fashion. In addition, after design and deployment, the cooling system has to be dynamically managed to efficiently adapt to workload, and environmental conditions. On the other hand, at design time, the cooling hardware architecture has to be selected in order to fit in the best way the needs of the computing facility, also depending on the environmental conditions characterizing its location. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/c8cc10254f | Electrodeposition of indium from non-aqueous electrolytes | Indium(iii) is electrodeposited from organic electrolytes, in which indium(i) occurs as an intermediate species, and disproportionates to indium(iii) and indium(0) in the form of nanoparticles. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
759006 | Dissecting the role of Translational Regulation in Tumorigenesis | The control of translation is a key determinant of protein abundance, which in turn defines cellular states. The impact of translational regulation may be even greater during the transition from homeostasis to malignancy, as revealed by the surprisingly low correlations between mRNA and protein levels in human cancer databases. This raises the intriguing possibility that through an ability to generate aberrant downstream networks of translational regulators, oncogenic drivers might impose altered protein synthesis programs that become the driving force for tumor formation and malignant progression.
We recently unveiled a hitherto unappreciated role for upstream open reading frame (uORF) translation in tumorigenesis and unearthed a novel switch from conventional EIF2 initiation factor-mediated to alternative EIF2A-mediated uORF translation. These observations suggest that uORFs constitute an exciting new frontier in the field of translational regulation with the potential to fundamentally impact cellular fate.
Here, I propose to systematically analyze the function of uORFs during tumorigenesis. First, we will conduct an in vivo CRISPR/CAS9-based screen in mice to elucidate the role of thousands of uORFs in development, differentiation and upon oncogenic transformation. Second, focusing on select uORFs surfacing in the screen, we will document their role during tumor initiation and progression. Third, we will develop novel tools to detect uORF translation in vivo, exploit them to monitor uORF translation during different stages of tumorigenesis, gain mechanistic insight into their function and finally test the relevance of these findings in human cancer. Collectively, these approaches will provide unprecedented and comprehensive insight into the function of uORFs, unravel new paradigms in the control of gene expression and expose novel strategies for cancer diagnostics and treatment. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W1041015481 | Experimental Cinema and the Crystals of Time: Matthias Müller's Visual Poems | Few artistic oeuvres exemplify the myriad facets of avant-garde filmmaking more comprehensively than the work of Matthias Muller.1 The reason, as critics and theorists of Mullers work have pointed out, is Mullers profound cinephilia.2 At once facilitating and representing the return to a scene that has lastingly structured the ways we experience and relate to the world, the cinema, as it permeates Mullers films, shapes our subjecthoods between affect and intellect, across solitude and sociality. It is capable of articulating subjectivity between private and public, present and past, desire and memory. As is typical for the avant-garde, many of Mullers films are autobiographical. Whether he uses found footage or original material, whether he shares his work with festival audiences or gallery visitors, the artist makes films to express what has held central meaning in his own life. For Muller, this includes being raised in the prosperous yet stifling cold war climate of 1960s West-Germany, coming of age sexually in the post-Stonewall era, and becoming a filmmaker during the age of AIDS, when the universe of artistic possibilities that unfolded for him became instantly shaped by fear, uncertainty, and loss. These experiences are indelibly inscribed into Mullers films of the 1990s, which rank among the avant-gardes richest, most stunningly beautiful poems about memory and human affect. And Mullers post-millennial work, although marked by a shift to digital video and a move from film festivals to biennials and gallery spaces, constitutes an ongoing engagement with - and in many cases a formal troping of - loss, memory, melancholia, and the fragility and ephemerality of human experience.Mullers education as a filmmaker is equal parts academic and auto-didactic. He received formal training from German experimental filmmaker and theorist Birgit Hein at the Hochschule fur Bildende Kunst in Braunschweig, where he spent much of his time catching up on film history. But even before going to Braunschweig, Muller, together with his friend Christiane Heuwinkel and six other aspiring filmmakers, co-founded the Super 8 cooperative, Alte Kinder (Old Children), whose members repurposed their living quarters, many of which were located in public housing, as film studios (Schulte Strathaus; 2005, 12). As is well known, this mode of production was characteristic of American underground cinema, but it also defined the artistic approach of the queer German avant-garde of the late 1960s and early 70s. Some of its members, Rosa von Praunheim and Werner Schroeter, had become exposed to the work of Kenneth Anger, Jack Smith, Ron Rice, and others at the historic 1967 film festival in Knokke-le-Zoute, Belgium. While this parallel offers but one entry for placing Muller into a tradition of queer German avant-garde filmmaking, it should be noted that while von Praunheim and Schroeter would soon turn to making feature-length films for television or commercial distribution, Muller to this day remains committed to the short film. For Mullers shorts Super 8 would remain a central source medium next to video, 16mm (his main exhibition medium in the 1990s), 35mm, and digital video (his main exhibition medium in the new millennium, even as his 16mm films continue to be distributed by Canyon Cinema).Mullers fluid, synergistic use of these formats constitutes the creative richness of his oeuvre, and is central to his signature as a queer filmmaker. This is perhaps most impressively on display in Mullers first two major works, Aus der Ferne - The Memo Book (1989) and Home Stories (1990), each of which, after its respective release, became a cause celebre on the festival circuit. Using filmed letters, photographs, and footage from old Hollywood films taped off a television monitor - all of which Muller hand-processed and then blew up to 16mm - The Memo Book is a complexly structured, densely layered poem about the memories of a man who has died of AIDS, the memory of a love with all its subtending ambivalences and complexities. … | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1017/cjlj.2018.4 | The People’s Right to Know and State Secrecy | Among the classic arguments which advocates of open government use to fight government secrecy is the appeal to a “people’s right to know. ” I argue that the employment of this idea as a conceptual weapon against state secrecy misfires. I consider two prominent arguments commonly invoked to support the people’s right to know government-held information: an appeal to human rights and an appeal to democratic citizenship. While I concede that both arguments ground the people’s right to access government information, I argue that they also limit this right and in limiting it, they establish a domain of state secrecy. The argument developed in the essay provides a novel interpretation of Dennis Thompson’s claim, who in his seminal work on the place of secrecy in democratic governance, has argued that some of the best reasons for secrecy are the same reasons that argue for openness and against secrecy. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.101 | Nac1 Coordinates a Sub-network of Pluripotency Factors to Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation | Pluripotent cells give rise to distinct cell types during development and are regulated by often self-reinforcing molecular networks. How such networks allow cells to differentiate is less well understood. Here, we use integrative methods to show that external signals induce reorganization of the mouse embryonic stem cell pluripotency network and that a sub-network of four factors, Nac1, Oct4, Tcf3, and Sox2, regulates their differentiation into the alternative mesendodermal and neuroectodermal fates. In the mesendodermal fate, Nac1 and Oct4 were constrained within quantitative windows, whereas Sox2 and Tcf3 were repressed. In contrast, in the neuroectodermal fate, Sox2 and Tcf3 were constrained while Nac1 and Oct4 were repressed. In addition, we show that Nac1 coordinates differentiation by activating Oct4 and inhibiting both Sox2 and Tcf3. Reorganization of progenitor cell networks around shared factors might be a common differentiation strategy and our integrative approach provides a general methodology for delineating such networks. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0103226 | Increased drought impacts on temperate rainforests from Southern South America: Results of a process-based, dynamic forest model | Increased droughts due to regional shifts in temperature and rainfall regimes are likely to affect forests in temperate regions in the coming decades. To assess their consequences for forest dynamics, we need predictive tools that couple hydrologic processes, soil moisture dynamics and plant productivity. Here, we developed and tested a dynamic forest model that predicts the hydrologic balance of North Patagonian rainforests on Chiloé Island, in temperate South America (42uS). The model incorporates the dynamic linkages between changing rainfall regimes, soil moisture and individual tree growth. Declining rainfall, as predicted for the study area, should mean up to 50% less summer rain by year 2100. We analysed forest responses to increased drought using the model proposed focusing on changes in evapotranspiration, soil moisture and forest structure (above-ground biomass and basal area). We compared the responses of a young stand (YS, ca. 60 years-old) and an old-growth forest (OG, >500 years-old) in the same area. Based on detailed field measurements of water fluxes, the model provides a reliable account of the hydrologic balance of these evergreen, broad-leaved rainforests. We found higher evapotranspiration in OG than YS under current climate. Increasing drought predicted for this century can reduce evapotranspiration by 15% in the OG compared to current values. Drier climate will alter forest structure, leading to decreases in above ground biomass by 27% of the current value in OG. The model presented here can be used to assess the potential impacts of climate change on forest hydrology and other threats of global change on future forests such as fragmentation, introduction of exotic tree species, and changes in fire regimes. Our study expands the applicability of forest dynamics models in remote and hitherto overlooked regions of the world, such as southern temperate rainforests. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1039/c3cc49220f | Tuning porosity and activity of microporous polymer network organocatalysts by co-polymerisation | Microporous polymer networks based on binaphthyl phosphoric acids are suitable heterogeneous asymmetric organocatalysts. Herein we show that the porous characteristics of such networks can be fine-tuned by co-polymerisation. This enables us to investigate the influence of the surface area and porosity in microporous networks on their catalytic performance. In this case, the activity of the polymers in an asymmetric hydrogenation reaction is increased by the use of polymers with higher surface areas. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W1988679633 | Polymorphism in the Serotonin Receptor 2a (HTR2A) Gene as Possible Predisposal Factor for Aggressive Traits | Aggressive manifestations and their consequences are a major issue of mankind, highlighting the need for understanding the contributory factors. Still, aggression-related genetic analyses have so far mainly been conducted on small population subsets such as individuals suffering from a certain psychiatric disorder or a narrow-range age cohort, but no data on the general population is yet available. In the present study, our aim was to identify polymorphisms in genes affecting neurobiological processes that might explain some of the inter-individual variation between aggression levels in the non-clinical Caucasian adult population. 55 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were simultaneously determined in 887 subjects who also filled out the self-report Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Single marker association analyses between genotypes and aggression scores indicated a significant role of rs7322347 located in the HTR2A gene encoding serotonin receptor 2a following Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p = 0.0007) both for males and females. Taking the four BPAQ subscales individually, scores for Hostility, Anger and Physical Aggression showed significant association with rs7322347 T allele in themselves, while no association was found with Verbal Aggression. Of the subscales, relationship with rs7322347 was strongest in the case of Hostility, where statistical significance virtually equaled that observed with the whole BPAQ. In conclusion, this is the first study to our knowledge analyzing SNPs in a wide variety of genes in terms of aggression in a large sample-size non-clinical adult population, also describing a novel candidate polymorphism as predisposal to aggressive traits. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1088/1367-2630/16/1/013005 | Stochastic Multi Channel Lock In Detection | High-precision measurements benefit from lock-in detection of small signals. Here we discuss the extension of lock-in detection to many channels, using mutually orthogonal modulation waveforms, and show how the choice of waveforms affects the information content of the signal. We also consider how well the detection scheme rejects noise, both random and correlated. We address the particular difficulty of rejecting a background drift that makes a reproducible offset in the output signal and we show how a systematic error can be avoided by changing the waveforms between runs and averaging over many runs. These advances made possible a recent measurement of the electron's electric dipole moment (Hudson et al 2011 Nature 473 493). | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
3743078 | Not another history of platonism. the role of aristotle's criticisms of plato in the development of ancient platonism | The conventional historiography of ancient Platonism follows patterns that ultimately go back to Antiquity itself. While these traditional doxographical accounts are not per se inaccurate, they do overlook continuities across different phases of this thousand-year history as well as some unexpected discontinuities. The reason for these shortcomings lies in the fact that certain philosophical debates are being ignored. Some omissions could be detected by searching for the philosophical reasons explaining doctrinal developments.
This project chooses an unorthodox approach in that it does not try to reflect the issues emphasised in the sources, but instead selects one particular angle of approach: Aristotle’s critical discussion of Platonic views. By analysing Platonic responses to Aristotle’s criticisms and using these as a heuristic tool, the project pursues a twofold aim: to uncover debates that have hitherto not been picked up in scholarship; and to examine the philosophical reasons for doctrinal varieties and developments. The research hypothesis guiding this project is that Aristotle’s criticism of Platonic philosophy was a driving force for many developments in Platonism.
The aims of the project can only be achieved through a large-scale investigation spanning the entire history of Platonism, searching for Platonic responses in all relevant philosophical domains. Since scholarship has been selective in its choice of topics, it cannot be predicted whether we can find sufficient traces of pertinent discussions in all subdomains. Despite the methodological difficulties and the uncertainty of the results the project is more than worth pursuing, as the pay-off is highly significant: it will radically change the way in which we understand the history of Platonism and add a whole new dimension to our historiographical accounts. If successful, it will uncover new debates and allow us to understand philosophical justifications for many philosophical developments. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-72050-0_12 | Parallel Search With No Coordination | We consider a parallel version of a classical Bayesian search problem. k agents are looking for a treasure that is placed in one of the boxes indexed by \(\mathbb {N}^+\) according to a known distribution p. The aim is to minimize the expected time until the first agent finds it. Searchers run in parallel where at each time step each searcher can “peek” into a box. A basic family of algorithms which are inherently robust is non-coordinating algorithms. Such algorithms act independently at each searcher, differing only by their probabilistic choices. We are interested in the price incurred by employing such algorithms when compared with the case of full coordination. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/s43016-020-0060-7 | Local food crop production can fulfil demand for less than one-third of the population | The distance between the origin and end-point of food supply chains, and the ‘localness’ of food systems, are key considerations of many narratives associated with sustainability. Yet, information on the minimum distance to food crops is still scarce at the global level. Using an optimization model based on ‘foodsheds’ (that is, self-sufficient areas with internal dependencies), we calculate the potential minimum distance between food production and consumption for six crop types around the world. We show that only 11–28% of the global population can fulfil their demand for specific crops within a 100-km radius, with substantial variation between different regions and crops. For 26–64% of the population, that distance is greater than 1,000 km. Even if transnational foodsheds were in place, large parts of the globe would still depend on trade to feed themselves. Although yield gap closure and food loss reductions could favour more local food systems, particularly in Africa and Asia, global supply chains would still be needed to ensure an adequate and stable food supply. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP03(2012)055 | Towards A Precise Lattice Determination Of The Leading Hadronic Contribution To G 2 _Mu | We report on our computation of the leading hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon using two dynamical flavours of non-perturbatively O(a) improved Wilson fermions. The strange quark is introduced in the quenched approximation. Partially twisted boundary conditions are applied to improve the momentum resolution in the relevant integral. Our results, obtained at three different values of the lattice spacing, allow for a preliminary study of discretization effects. We explore a wide range of lattice volumes, namely 2 fm < L < 3 fm, with pion masses from 600 to 280 MeV and discuss different chiral extrapolations to the physical point. We observe a non-trivial dependence of a_mu(HLO) on m_pi especially for small pion masses. The final result, a_mu(HLO)=618(64)*10^(-10), is obtained by considering only the quark connected contribution to the vacuum polarization. We present a detailed analysis of systematic errors and discuss how they can be reduced in future simulations. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
US 2014/0049113 W | FURNITURE ARTICLE WITH CONCEALED STORAGE AND REMOVABLE PANELS | A modular furniture system composed from reconfigurable interlocking panels using corresponding slot and tab elements is disclosed. The ready-to-assemble furniture system includes a complementary arrangement of non-interlocking interior panels that become secured into position through the means of interlocking exterior side and end panels. The configuration of interlocking and non-interlocking panels hides the joinery formed by the slot and tab elements, and further utilizes selectively movable and/or detachable panels to conceal the contents of storage compartments. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1186/1741-7007-8-54 | Stepwise Mechanism For Transcription Fidelity | Transcription is the first step of gene expression and is characterized by a high fidelity of RNA synthesis. During transcription, the RNA polymerase active centre discriminates against not just non-complementary ribo NTP substrates but also against complementary 2'- and 3'-deoxy NTPs. A flexible domain of the RNA polymerase active centre, the Trigger Loop, was shown to play an important role in this process, but the mechanisms of this participation remained elusive. Here we show that transcription fidelity is achieved through a multi-step process. The initial binding in the active centre is the major discrimination step for some non-complementary substrates, although for the rest of misincorporation events discrimination at this step is very poor. During the second step, non-complementary and 2'-deoxy NTPs are discriminated against based on differences in reaction transition state stabilization and partly in general base catalysis, for correct versus non-correct substrates. This step is determined by two residues of the Trigger Loop that participate in catalysis. In the following step, non-complementary and 2'-deoxy NTPs are actively removed from the active centre through a rearrangement of the Trigger Loop. The only step of discrimination against 3'-deoxy substrates, distinct from the ones above, is based on failure to orient the Trigger Loop catalytic residues in the absence of 3'OH. We demonstrate that fidelity of transcription by multi-subunit RNA polymerases is achieved through a stepwise process. We show that individual steps contribute differently to discrimination against various erroneous substrates. We define the mechanisms and contributions of each of these steps to the overall fidelity of transcription. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1038/msb.2013.13 | Increasing population growth by asymmetric segregation of a limiting resource during cell division | We report that when budding yeast are transferred to low-metal environment, they adopt a proliferation pattern in which division is restricted to the subpopulation of mother cells which were born in rich conditions, before the shift. Mother cells continue to divide multiple times following the shift, generating at each division a single daughter cell, which arrests in G1. The transition to a mother-restricted proliferation pattern is characterized by asymmetric segregation of the vacuole to the mother cell and requires the transcription repressor Whi5. Notably, while deletion of WHI5 alleviates daughter cell division arrest in low-zinc conditions, it results in a lower final population size, as cell division rate becomes progressively slower. Our data suggest a new stress-response strategy, in which the dilution of a limiting cellular resource is prevented by maintaining it within a subset of dividing cells, thereby increasing population growth. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.aop.2018.10.007 | Gross–Neveu–Wilson model and correlated symmetry-protected topological phases | We show that a Wilson-type discretization of the Gross–Neveu model, a fermionic [Formula presented]-flavor quantum field theory displaying asymptotic freedom and chiral symmetry breaking, can serve as a playground to explore correlated symmetry-protected phases of matter using techniques borrowed from high-energy physics. A large-[Formula presented] study, both in the Hamiltonian and Euclidean formalisms, yields a phase diagram with trivial, topological, and symmetry-broken phases separated by critical lines that meet at a tri-critical point. We benchmark these predictions using tools from condensed matter and quantum information science, which show that the large-[Formula presented] method captures the essence of the phase diagram even at [Formula presented]. Moreover, we describe a cold-atom scheme for the quantum simulation of this lattice model, which would allow to explore the single-flavor phase diagram. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1039/c7dt03360e | Towards the continuous production of Pt-based heterogeneous catalysts using microfluidic systems | The continuous production of Pt-based heterogeneous catalysts based on ultra-small (<2 nm) noble metal nanoparticles deposited on mesoporous ordered silica and their catalytic activity in VOC abatement are here reported. Commercially available micromixers can be easily interfaced to create a multistage platform which allows the growth of metal noble NPs as well as their alloys. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP01(2016)101 | High Scale Inflation And The Tensor Tilt | In this paper, we explore a novel observational signature of gravitational corrections during slow-roll inflation. We study the coupling of the inflaton field to higher-curvature tensors in models with a minimal breaking of conformal symmetry. In that case, the most general correction to the tensor two-point function is captured by a coupling to the square of the Weyl tensor. We show that these scenarios lead to a correction to the tilt of the tensor power spectrum and hence a violation of the tensor consistency condition. We arrive at the same conclusion through an analysis in conformal perturbation theory. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.14814/phy2.12376 | Genetic and phenotypic differentiation of an andean intermediate altitude population | Highland populations living permanently under hypobaric hypoxia have been subject of extensive research because of the relevance of their physiological adaptations for the understanding of human health and disease. In this context, what is considered high altitude is a matter of interpretation and while the adaptive processes at high altitude (above 3000 m) are well documented, the effects of moderate altitude (below 3000 m) on the phenotype are less well established. In this study, we compare physiological and anthropometric characteristics as well as genetic variations in two Andean populations: the Calchaquíes (2300 m) and neighboring Collas (3500 m). We compare their phenotype and genotype to the sea-level Wichí population. We measured physiological (heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiration rate, and lung function) as well as anthropometric traits (height, sitting height, weight, forearm, and tibia length). We conducted genome-wide genotyping on a subset of the sample (n = 74) and performed various scans for positive selection. At the phenotypic level (n = 179), increased lung capacity stood out in both Andean groups, whereas a growth reduction in distal limbs was only observed at high altitude. At the genome level, Calchaquíes revealed strong signals around PRKG1, suggesting that the nitric oxide pathway may be a target of selection. PRKG1 was highlighted by one of four selection tests among the top five genes using the population branch statistic. Selection tests results of Collas were reported previously. Overall, our study shows that some phenotypic and genetic differentiation occurs at intermediate altitude in response to moderate lifelong selection pressures. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
3731340 | Integrating energy systems and supply chain optimisation for sustainable development: decentralised, energy-leveraging transformation of african development (deltadev) | This project has three core objectives:
(1) It aims to place energy systems design within the context of broader sustainable development (SD). Many of the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are known to be closely linked to energy. This project is the first to translate this nexus into a comprehensive multi-objective optimisation framework, which explicitly considers various SDG targets as objectives when planning energy systems.
(2) It intends to integrate energy systems and supply chain optimisation in a common modelling environment. Motivated by inadequate conditions for economic development in low-income countries, this allows reaping synergies from energy-enabled productivity increases across agricultural and manufacturing supply chains.
(3) Combining concepts (1) and (2), it aims to develop a bottom-up strategy for rural development, tailored to energy-deprived areas in Africa. It provides affordable and scalable electricity access to foster SD without relying on excessive amounts of external finance. A multi-objective optimisation model designs off-grid energy systems based on real-world examples by using the SDGs to define objective functions. Integrating electricity as an input for existing and new rural supply chains increases the value-add per kWh. This creates new revenue streams which, crucially, can cross-subsidise non-commercial electricity needs of SD to improve the quality of life for rural Africans while the system’s remains financial viability.
The MSCA fellowship allows me to focus my interdisciplinary expertise on a core research theme of sustainable operations for development. It advances my profile by capitalising on the project's opportunities for transformative research and impact. Furthermore my research, implementation and managerial skills are advanced through a close integration into Prof. Grit Walther’s research group during the fellowship and a firm dedication to training, a secondment and independent project management. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.30687/axon/2532-6848/2020/01/003 | List of Men of the Erechtheis Tribe Killed in Battle | This Athenian casualty list of the Erechtheis tribe, c. 460-459 BCE, is an important source for our understanding of the Athenian military effort in the Eastern Mediterranean in the central decades of the 5th century. While it can be safely dated and contextualized on the basis of Thucydides, the inscription highlights the selective and biased narrative provided by the literary sources. Furthermore, along with other similar documents, this list provides valuable information on the rationale and aims of the public celebration of the war dead in Athens, on the identity of the civic body, and on the inclusion of various social classes in the celebration of the polis. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1016/j.susc.2016.06.004 | STM study of the preparation of clean Ta(110) and the subsequent growth of two-dimensional Fe islands | This report deals with the preparation of a clean Ta(110) surface, investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy as well as by low-energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy. The surface initially exhibits a surface reconstruction induced by oxygen contamination. This reconstruction can be removed by annealing at high temperatures under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The reconstruction-free surface reveals a surface resonance at a bias voltage of about −500 mV. The stages of the transformation are presented and discussed. In a next step, Fe islands were grown on top of Ta(110) and investigated subsequently. An intermixing regime was identified for annealing temperatures of (550–590) K. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1186/s13058-014-0421-y | The dynamic range of circulating tumor DNA in metastatic breast cancer | Introduction: The management of metastatic breast cancer needs improvement. As clinical evaluation is not very accurate in determining the progression of disease, the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has evolved to a promising noninvasive marker of disease evolution. Indeed, ctDNA was reported to represent a highly sensitive biomarker of metastatic cancer disease directly reflecting tumor burden and dynamics. However, at present little is known about the dynamic range of ctDNA in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Methods: In this study, 74 plasma DNA samples from 58 patients with metastasized breast cancer were analyzed with a microfluidic device to determine the plasma DNA size distribution and copy number changes in the plasma were identified by whole-genome sequencing (plasma-Seq). Furthermore, in an index patient we conducted whole-genome, exome, or targeted deep sequencing of the primary tumor, metastases, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Deep sequencing was done to accurately determine the allele fraction (AFs) of mutated DNA fragments. Results: Although all patients had metastatic disease, plasma analyses demonstrated highly variable AFs of mutant fragments. We analyzed an index patient with more than 100,000 CTCs in detail. We first conducted whole-genome, exome, or targeted deep sequencing of four different regions from the primary tumor and three metastatic lymph node regions, which enabled us to establish the phylogenetic relationships of these lesions, which were consistent with a genetically homogeneous cancer. Subsequent analyses of 551 CTCs confirmed the genetically homogeneous cancer in three serial blood analyses. However, the AFs of ctDNA were only 2% to 3% in each analysis, neither reflecting the tumor burden nor the dynamics of this progressive disease. These results together with high-resolution plasma DNA fragment sizing suggested that differences in phagocytosis and DNA degradation mechanisms likely explain the variable occurrence of mutated DNA fragments in the blood of patients with cancer. Conclusions: The dynamic range of ctDNA varies substantially in patients with metastatic breast cancer. This has important implications for the use of ctDNA as a predictive and prognostic biomarker. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201321523 | Planck 2013 Results Xxix Planck Catalogue Of Sunyaev Zeldovich Sources | We describe the all-sky Planck catalogue of clusters and cluster candidates derived from Sunyaev--Zeldovich (SZ) effect detections using the first 15. 5 months of Planck satellite observations. The catalogue contains 1227 entries, making it over six times the size of the Planck Early SZ (ESZ) sample and the largest SZ-selected catalogue to date. It contains 861 confirmed clusters, of which 178 have been confirmed as clusters, mostly through follow-up observations, and a further 683 are previously-known clusters. The remaining 366 have the status of cluster candidates, and we divide them into three classes according to the quality of evidence that they are likely to be true clusters. The Planck SZ catalogue is the deepest all-sky cluster catalogue, with redshifts up to about one, and spans the broadest cluster mass range from (0. 1 to 1. 6) 10^{15}Msun. Confirmation of cluster candidates through comparison with existing surveys or cluster catalogues is extensively described, as is the statistical characterization of the catalogue in terms of completeness and statistical reliability. The outputs of the validation process are provided as additional information. This gives, in particular, an ensemble of 813 cluster redshifts, and for all these Planck clusters we also include a mass estimated from a newly-proposed SZ-mass proxy. A refined measure of the SZ Compton parameter for the clusters with X-ray counter-parts is provided, as is an X-ray flux for all the Planck clusters not previously detected in X-ray surveys. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.247866 | Assessing Cell And Organ Senescence Biomarkers | A major goal in cancer and aging research is to discriminate the biochemical modifications that happen locally that could account for the healthiness or malignancy of tissues. Senescence is one general antiproliferative cellular process that acts as a strong barrier for cancer progression, playing a crucial role in aging. Here, we focus on the current methods to assess cellular senescence, discriminating the advantages and disadvantages of several senescence biomarkers. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1186/1471-2202-13-48 | Increasing Levels Of Wild Type Creb Up Regulates Several Activity Regulated Inhibitor Of Death Aid Genes And Promotes Neuronal Survival | CREB (cAMP-response element binding protein) is the prototypical signal-regulated transcription factor. In neurons, it is the target of the synaptic activity-induced nuclear calcium-calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaMK) IV signaling pathway that controls the expression of genes important for acquired neuroprotection as well as other long-lasting adaptive processes in the nervous system. The function of CREB as a transcriptional activator is controlled by its phosphorylation on serine 133, which can be catalyzed by CaMKIV and leads to the recruitment of the co-activator, CREB binding protein (CBP). Activation of CBP function by nuclear calcium-CaMKIV signaling is a second regulatory step required for CREB/CBP-mediated transcription. Here we used recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) to increase the levels of wild type CREB or to overexpress a mutant version of CREB (mCREB) containing a serine to alanine mutation at position amino acid 133 in mouse hippocampal neurons. Increasing the levels of CREB was sufficient to boost neuroprotective activity even under basal conditions (i. e. , in the absence of stimulation of synaptic activity). In contrast, overexpression of mCREB increased cell death. The ratio of phospho(serine 133)CREB to CREB immunoreactivity in unstimulated hippocampal neurons was similar for endogenous CREB and overexpressed wild type CREB and, as expected, dramatically reduced for overexpressed mCREB. A gene expression analysis revealed that increased expression of CREB but not that of mCREB in hippocampal neurons led to elevated expression levels of bdnf as well as that of several members of a previously characterized set of Activity-regulated Inhibitor of Death (AID) genes, which include atf3, btg2, gadd45β, and gadd45γ. Our findings indicate that the expression levels of wild type CREB are a critical determinant of the ability of hippocampal neurons to survive harmful conditions. Increasing the levels of wild type CREB can, even without inducing synaptic activity, increase pro-survival gene expression and strengthen the neurons’ neuroprotective shield. The observed degradation of CREB protein following NMDA treatment of hippocampal neurons suggests that the known CREB shut-off associated with extrasynaptic NMDA receptor-induced excitotoxicity is followed by CREB proteolysis. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
865227 | Distributional Macroeconomics in the Long and Short Run | A key development in the “dismal science” has been the incorporation of explicit heterogeneity into models of the macroeconomy. As a result of taking micro data seriously, these theories study macroeconomic questions in terms of distributions of microeconomic variables like income or wealth rather than just aggregates. This approach opens up the door to examining the distributional implications of macroeconomic trends, shocks or policies, and to examine the two-way interaction between these distributions and the macroeconomy.
DisMaLS will advance this “distributional macroeconomics” agenda both theoretically and empirically. Theoretically, it will do so by developing new theories of the income and wealth distributions and their interactions with the macroeconomy in both the long and short run. Empirically, DisMaLS will bring to the table high-quality Norwegian administrative data to discipline and enrich these theories.
In terms of long-run trends, a striking feature regarding economic growth in many developed countries is that it has been unequally distributed. For example, in the U.S., real household incomes have grown by roughly two percent per year on average but income percentiles corresponding to the bottom 50% of the distribution have stagnated since the 1970s. DisMaLS will use its theory of income and wealth distribution to examine the potential drivers of these distributional trends, for example automation and tax policy.
Turning to the short-run, DisMaLS aims to understand the causes of infrequent but large economic crises, like the Great Recession. I aim to develop a quantitative macroeconomic theory that incorporates asset price booms driven by individuals switching out of liquid assets to buy real or illiquid financial assets, and crashes driven by the reverse movement. As part of the project, I aim to develop a new methodology for solving heterogeneous agent models with aggregate risk and both micro and macro non-linearities. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
771527 | Foundations and Tools for Client-Side Web Security | The constantly increasing number of attacks on web applications shows how their rapid development has not been accompanied by adequate security foundations and demonstrates the lack of solid security enforcement tools. Indeed, web applications expose a gigantic attack surface, which hinders a rigorous understanding and enforcement of security properties. Hence, despite the worthwhile efforts to design secure web applications, users for a while will be confronted with vulnerable, or maliciously crafted, code. Unfortunately, end users have no way at present to reliably protect themselves from malicious applications.
BROWSEC will develop a holistic approach to client-side web security, laying its theoretical foundations and developing innovative security enforcement technologies. In particular, BROWSEC will deliver the first client-side tool to secure web applications that is practical, in that it is implemented as an extension and can thus be easily deployed at large, and also provably sound, i.e., backed up by machine-checked proofs that the tool provides end users with the required security guarantees. At the core of the proposal lies a novel monitoring technique, which treats the browser as a blackbox and intercepts its inputs and outputs in order to prevent dangerous information flows. With this lightweight monitoring approach, we aim at enforcing strong security properties without requiring any expensive and, given the dynamic nature of web applications, statically infeasible program analysis.
BROWSEC is thus a multidisciplinary research effort, promising practical impact and delivering breakthrough advancements in various disciplines, such as web security, JavaScript semantics, software engineering, and program verification. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
interreg_1528 | GREen Startup Support | The need to promote a shift towards a low-carbon economy represents many business opportunities. The Small Business Act highlighted that the EU and Member States should enable SMEs to exploit these opportunities.
There are many good practice examples which build the capacity of green and blue companies, but unfortunately, many of these examples are not replicated in other regions, and remain unexploited.
The objective of GRESS is to improve policies for SMEs competitiveness by strengthening capacities to trigger and support formation of sustainable and competitive start-ups and spin-offs within the green economy.
The partners (NO, EL, PL, IT and BG) apply a policy-learning process in in five steps, 1) status on green growth in each region, 2) scan and exchange of experience and identification of good practice for mutual learning, 3) assessment and ranking of relevant practices through peer assessments in RSGs, 4) idea generation on policy intervention with interregional knowledge transfer, and 5) development and monitoring of regional action plans.
Five policy instruments will be improved through governance measures, new projects and structural change. 26 MEUR in Structural Funds, as well as 7 MEUR of other funds are estimated to be influenced by the project.
The policy improvements are envisaged to improve awareness on the opportunities for SMEs the in green & blue economy, increase the no. of participants at and improve the quality of training programmes for green start-ups, attract more SMEs to participate and succeed in public procurements of green products and services, improve access of SMEs to risk capital outside the local region, make cities and regions more attractive for young entrepreneurs in green sectors, introduce improved incentive schemes for green start-ups, enhance the performance of ecosystems, increase the no. of competitive start-ups and spin-offs within the green economy and improve their chances of survival. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
850496 | Bismuth Redox Catalysis for Sustainable Organic Synthesis | Homogeneous catalysis based on transition metals has become an indispensable strategy in the development of efficient methodologies for organic synthesis, finding application in a wide variety of processes across the chemical sciences. Inspired by the wealth of reactivity in this area, we present a proposal that departs from transition metal catalysis and aims at unlocking the potential of bismuth (Bi) as a sustainable catalyst, unravelling novel and unknown catalytic redox processes for organic chemistry. The main goal of this project is to translate the unique properties traditionally associated to transition metals to a main group element. Let-it-Bi is a quest to disclose the remarkable potential of a commonly overlooked element of the periodic table such as bismuth, in the field of catalysis and organic synthesis. Being an earth abundant, non-toxic and inexpensive element, bismuth represents an excellent candidate to be explored in catalysis and to study its fundamental reactivity. In the first part of this proposal, we describe the design of a novel Bi(III)⇄Bi(V) redox cycle towards the formation of synthetically relevant and challenging C‒C, C‒Halogen, C‒N and C‒O bonds. The last part proposes the expansion of this concept to an unprecedented Bi(I)⇄Bi(III) redox cycle. Such a unique redox system will find application in the activation of small molecules (H2, NH3, B‒H and Si‒H bonds) for the functionalization of simple and largely available olefins. In addition to provide a solution to the price, toxicity and environmental issues associated to transition metal-based transformations, this proposal aims at the exploration of uncharted territories in the area of homogeneous catalysis; thus discovering and providing novel reactivities for organic synthesis which remained elusive to date. Noteworthy, preliminary results accompany both parts demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed research. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
220508 | Play.Care – revolution in early detection and therapy of autism spectrum disorders (asd). | Autism is a serious developmental disability. Children with autism, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have social, communication and language problems. Prevalence estimates are alarming, with 1 in very 68 children being diagnosed with ASD in Europe. There is no cure for ASD. However, for many children, ASD symptoms improve with treatment and age. Early diagnosis and therapy intervention can help children with autism to significantly improve their language and behavioural skills, and raise their intelligence quotients dramatically.
However, current ASD diagnosis methods fail to deliver. Most cases of child developmental disorders are detected much too late. Recognizing the striking gap in the ASD diagnostics landscape, we have developed and preliminarily validated, in cooperation with leading ASD experts, a disruptive technology for early detection and targeted therapy of ASD, based on the latest research on movement patterns as early markers of autism. PLAY.CARE has the potential to become a new ‘gold standard’ method for early autism detection and will lead to more timely detection of autism. Our aim is to scale the technology into clinical use worldwide, providing a reliable, easy-to-use, affordable and widely accessible diagnostic and therapy monitoring tool.
The missing element to realize this vision is highest standard clinical evidence that will hold against all scientific scrutiny. Our objective is to obtain this evidence through the clinical validation pilot, subject of this proposal, and execute the necessary optimization and scalability of PLAY.CARE in light of market introduction. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
W2069988087 | Fire Control Emergency Rescue Resources Allocation Based on Calamities and Accidents Risk Evaluation | In order to solve the unreasonable fire control emergency rescue resources allocation based on local government's administrative level and improve the efficiency of the use of fire control emergency rescue resources, 9175 alarm receiving and summoning of Yunnan Fire Force of China in 2012 is analyzed by national fire statistics and management system. It shows that fire control emergency rescue resources allocation Shortage based on local government's administrative level coexist with waste of it, these fire control emergency rescue resources cannot meet with local actual requirements, not equal to the local potential risk, and Affects calamities and accidents rescue efficiency. According to the local Calamities and Accidents risk evaluation, actual occurrence of local calamities and accidents, and local fire force's ability to cope with calamities and accidents in recent five years, comprehensive fire emergency rescue resources allocation can improve the utilization efficiency of fire control emergency rescue resources. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s00214-016-1867-z | Spectroscopic fingerprints of DNA/RNA pyrimidine nucleobases in third-order nonlinear electronic spectra | Accurate ab initio modeling of spectroscopic signals in nonlinear electronic spectra, such as bidimensional (2D) spectra, requires the computation of the electronic transitions induced by the incoming pump/probe pulses, resulting in a challenging calculation of many electronic excited states. A protocol is thus required to evaluate the variations of spectral properties, like transition energies and dipole moments, with the computational level, and to estimate the sensitivity of the spectra to these variations. Such a protocol is presented here within the framework of complete and restricted active space self-consistent field (CASSCF/RASSCF) theory and its second-order perturbation theory extensions (CASPT2/RASPT2). The electronic excited-state manifolds of pyrimidine nucleobases (thymine, uracil, and cytosine) are carefully characterized in vacuo employing high-level RAS(0,0|10,8|2,12)//SS-RASPT2 calculations. The results provide a reference data set that can be used for optimizing computational efforts and costs, as required for studying computationally more demanding multichromophoric systems (e. g. , di- and oligonucleotides). The spectroscopic signatures of the 2D electronic spectrum of a perfectly stacked uracil–cytosine dimer model are characterized, and experimental setups are proposed that can resolve non-covalent interchromophoric interactions in canonical pyrimidine nucleobase-stacked dimers. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
US 2013/0073706 W | GRADIENT-BASED SINGLE WELL SAGD RANGING SYSTEM | A tool, method and system for ranging between two wellbores. The target wellbore includes a conductive member disposed within a portion of the target wellbore. An investigative wellbore includes an electromagnetic gradiometer positioned within the wellbore, as well as emitter electrode and return electrode spaced apart along an investigative wellbore, preferably in the process of being drilled. The position of the emitter electrode and the return electrode are selected to optimize current transmission to the target wellbore in order to enhance the electromagnetic field emanating from the conductive member at a desired point along the conductive member. Where the electrodes and gradiometer are carried by a drill string, gap subs are positioned along the drill string to minimize conduction of current along the drill string therebetween. In some embodiments, the gradiometer is positioned between the emitter and return electrodes. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nature19069 | Defining the clonal dynamics leading to mouse skin tumour initiation | The changes in cell dynamics after oncogenic mutation that lead to the development of tumours are currently unknown. Here, using skin epidermis as a model, we assessed the effect of oncogenic hedgehog signalling in distinct cell populations and their capacity to induce basal cell carcinoma, the most frequent cancer in humans. We found that only stem cells, and not progenitors, initiated tumour formation upon oncogenic hedgehog signalling. This difference was due to the hierarchical organization of tumour growth in oncogene-targeted stem cells, characterized by an increase in symmetric self-renewing divisions and a higher p53-dependent resistance to apoptosis, leading to rapid clonal expansion and progression into invasive tumours. Our work reveals that the capacity of oncogene-targeted cells to induce tumour formation is dependent not only on their long-term survival and expansion, but also on the specific clonal dynamics of the cancer cell of origin. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP07(2012)162 | A Gapless Hard Wall Magnetic Catalysis In Bulk And Boundary | We study various aspects of fermions and their chiral condensates, both in the bulk of AdS4 spacetime and in the dual boundary theory. For the most part, we focus on a geometry with an infra-red hard wall. We show that, contrary to common lore, there exist boundary conditions in which the hard wall gives rise to a discrete, but gapless, fermionic spectrum. In such a setting, the presence of a magnetic field induces a bulk fermion condensate which spontaneously breaks CP invariance. We develop the holographic dictionary between composite operators and show that this bulk condensate has the interpretation of boundary magnetic catalysis involving a double-trace operator. Finally, we explain how one can replace the hard wall with bulk magnetic monopoles. In such a framework, magnetic catalysis can be viewed as a consequence of the Callan-Rubakov effect. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1126/science.aao1887 | A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Vindija Cave in Croatia | To date, the only Neandertal genome that has been sequenced to high quality is from an individual found in Southern Siberia. We sequenced the genome of a female Neandertal from ~50,000 years ago from Vindija Cave, Croatia, to ~30-fold genomic coverage. She carried 1. 6 differences per 10,000 base pairs between the two copies of her genome, fewer than present-day humans, suggesting that Neandertal populations were of small size. Our analyses indicate that she was more closely related to the Neandertals that mixed with the ancestors of present-day humans living outside of sub-Saharan Africa than the previously sequenced Neandertal from Siberia, allowing 10 to 20% more Neandertal DNA to be identified in present-day humans, including variants involved in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, schizophrenia, and other diseases. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
787516 | Study of the Planetary Human-Environment Relationship: The Rise of Global Environmental Governance | SPHERE is a historical study of humanity’s relation to planetary conditions and constraints and how it has become understood as a governance issue. The key argument is that Global Environmental Governance (GEG), which has arisen in response to this issue, is inseparable from the rise of a planetary Earth systems science and a knowledge-informed understanding of global change that has affected broad communities of practice. The overarching objective is to provide a fundamentally new perspective on GEG that challenges both previous linear, progressivist narratives through incremental institutional work and the way contemporary history is written and understood.
SPHERE will be implemented as an expressly global history along four Trajectories, which will ensure both transnational as well as transdisciplinary analysis of GEG as a major contemporary phenomenon.
Trajectory I: Formation articulates a proto-history of GEG after 1945 when the concept of ‘the environment’ in its new integrative meaning was established and a slow formation of policy ideas and institutions could start.
Trajectory II: The complicated turning of environmental research into governance investigates the relation between environmental science and environmental governance which SPHERE examines as an open ended historical process. Why was it that high politics and diplomacy came in closer relations with environmental sciences?
Trajectory III: Alternative agencies – governance through business and civic society explores corporate responses, including self-regulation through the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility, to growing concerns about environmental degradation and pollution, and business-science relations.
Trajectory IV: Integrating Earth into History – scaling, mediating, remembering will turn to historiography itself and examine how concepts and ideas from the rising Earth system sciences have been influencing both GEG and the way we think historically about Earth and humanity. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1016/j.jmateco.2019.07.012 | Learning from ambiguous and misspecified models | We model inter-temporal ambiguity as the scenario in which a Bayesian learner holds more than one prior distribution over a set of models and provide sufficient conditions for ambiguity to fade away because of learning. Our conditions apply to most learning environments: iid and non-iid model-classes, well-specified and misspecified model-classes/prior support pairs. We show that ambiguity fades away if the empirical evidence supports a set of models with identical predictions, a condition much weaker than learning the truth. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1080/17588928.2010.497585 | How Consciousness Will Change Our View On Neuroscience | Abstract Victor Lamme proposed that the study of consciousness should not be based on introspection. Nevertheless, Lamme understands consciousness as a subjective phenomenon, and introspection as the way in which we acquire knowledge about consciousness. This makes the task to find introspective-free methods to study consciousness difficult. Lamme attempts to make progress by introducing “neural arguments,” but fails to show how such arguments are independent of introspective methods which seem necessary in order to decide how any neural process relates to mental phenomena. This commentary paper thus aims to show that our understanding of neural correlates is shaped by introspection. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1492726771 | High torque density magnetically-geared switched flux permanent magnet machines | Due to the high price of rare-earth magnets, it is pertinent to develop high torque density permanent magnet (PM) machines with reduced magnet volume, which is the main purpose of this paper. This paper proposes novel high torque density magnetically-geared switched flux permanent magnet machines in which the stator is partitioned into two stators but with armature windings and PM excitations separately on each stator whilst the number of rotor segmented iron pieces is approximately twice or equal to the number of the stator teeth / poles. Therefore, the developed machines are double stator / single rotor machines. The armature outer stator is equipped with concentrated non-overlapping winding and identical to the stator of a fractional-slot PM machine, whilst the structure of the inner excitation stator has interior PMs with flux focusing, but structurally identical to the rotor of a conventional interior PM machine. The influence of design parameters is investigated at a fixed copper loss by a 2-dimensional finite element analysis method. Furthermore, the effect of different rotor and stator pole combinations is also analysed in detail. The electromagnetic performance of the proposed machines show that the odd rotor pole number machines are potentially better in terms of high torque and low torque ripple compared to the equivalent even rotor pole number machines under the same condition, albeit with potential unbalanced magnetic force which may be eliminated by doubling the stator and rotor pole numbers. Finally, the predicted electromagnetic performances of the proposed machines are validated by experiments on the fabricated prototype. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1063/1.4801528 | Systematic Study Of Near Infrared Intersubband Absorption Of Polar And Semipolar Gan Aln Quantum Wells | We report on the observation of intersubband absorption in GaN/AlN quantum well superlattices grown on (112¯2)-oriented GaN. The absorption is tuned in the 1. 5–4. 5 μm wavelength range by adjusting the well thickness. The semipolar samples are compared with polar samples with identical well thickness grown during the same run. The intersubband absorption of semipolar samples shows a significant red shift with respect to the polar ones due to the reduction of the internal electric field in the quantum wells. The experimental results are compared with simulations and confirm the reduction of the polarization discontinuity along the growth axis in the semipolar case. The absorption spectral shape depends on the sample growth direction: for polar quantum wells the intersubband spectrum is a sum of Lorentzian resonances, whereas a Gaussian shape is observed in the semipolar case. This dissimilarity is explained by different carrier localization in these two cases. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
884945 | Europe'S transformation: where people matter | The project will organise the presidency event (conference) “Europe’s Transfomation: Where People Matter” in Vienna, Austria, November 2018. It encompasses the operational and strategic work required to host this event, including Innovation and Content Management (e.g. collaboration with stakeholders to jointly design the conference programme); the Conference Logistics (e.g. organising a venue and the registration process); and Dissemination and Exploitation of the conference outcomes (e.g. setting up a conference website and collaborating with media). With regard to the wider context of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, the overall aim of the conference is to foster an improved synergy between pertinent initiatives launched by the Commission and by the Member States, to the benefit of the overall coherence of actions within the field of research and innovation in the areas covered by Societal Challenge 5. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1039/C8SM01288A | Nanoliter Deposition On Star Shaped Hydrophilic Superhydrophobic Patterned Surfaces | Nanoliter sized droplet deposition has gained increasing importance in many biomedical, chemical, and microfluidic applications and in materials synthesis. In this paper, we report a simple method for rapid and high-throughput deposition of nanoliter-sized droplets by dragging a larger droplet on star-shaped hydrophilic–superhydrophobic patterned surfaces. Dragging a droplet on the patterned surface causes water to adhere to hydrophilic patterns. As the larger mother droplet detaches from a star-shaped pattern, a small daughter droplet is deposited on the pattern. Star-shaped hydrophilic patterns with a distinct number of spikes are fabricated and investigated. Systematic tests are carried out to study the influence of different process parameters including the volume of a mother droplet, the dragging velocity, the number of spikes and the dragging directions to the deposition process. The results indicate that creating microarrays by dragging large droplets on patterned hydrophilic–superhydrophobic surfaces yield a reliable, cost-efficient, high-accuracy and easily scalable deposition. The volume of the daughter droplet grows with the velocity of the mother droplet and the number of spikes in a pattern, and decreases with the volume of the mother droplet. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
EP 2012054171 W | PRODUCTION AND USE OF CYANOGUANIDINE AND CYANAMIDE | The present invention is concerned with a method of producing a composition comprising cyanoguanidine, the method comprising (a) using a source of energy to react a metal oxide with a source of carbon to produce a finely divided metal carbide at an elevated temperature and immediately reacting the hot finely divided metal carbide with nitrogen gas to form a metal cyanamide. In embodiments the method comprises the step of (b) reacting the metal cyanamide, together with any unreacted metal carbide, with water to decompose the metal carbide into acetylene and acetylene-related compounds and metal hydroxide. Furthermore, energy can be derived from the reaction by (c) combusting the acetylene and acetylene- related compounds to release energy. Furthermore metal hydroxide can be recovered from the process by (d) separating the metal cyanamide and the metal hydroxide for recycling in the production process. The cyanoguanidine can then be used, for example, as a fertilizer. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-31423-1_5 | Explaining Data With Formal Concept Analysis | We give a brief introduction into Formal Concept Analysis, an approach to explaining data by means of lattice theory. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00232 | Nonempirical Double-Hybrid Functionals: An Effective Tool for Chemists | ConspectusDensity functional theory (DFT) emerged in the last two decades as the most reliable tool for the description and prediction of properties of molecular systems and extended materials, coupling in an unprecedented way high accuracy and reasonable computational cost. This success rests also on the development of more and more performing density functional approximations (DFAs). Indeed, the Achilles' heel of DFT is represented by the exchange-correlation contribution to the total energy, which, being unknown, must be approximated. Since the beginning of the 1990s, global hybrids (GH) functionals, where an explicit dependence of the exchange-correlation energy on occupied Kohn-Sham orbitals is introduced thanks to a fraction of Hartree-Fock-like exchange, imposed themselves as the most reliable DFAs for chemical applications. However, if these functionals normally provide results of sufficient accuracy for most of the cases analyzed, some properties, such as thermochemistry or dispersive interactions, can still be significantly improved. A possible way out is represented by the inclusion, into the exchange-correlation functional, of an explicit dependence on virtual Kohn-Sham orbitals via perturbation theory. This leads to a new class of functionals, called double-hybrids (DHs). In this Account, we describe our nonempirical approach to DHs, which, following the line traced by the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof approach, allows for the definition of a GH (PBE0) and a DH (QIDH) model. In such a way, a whole family of nonempirical functionals, spanning on the highest rungs of the Perdew's quality scale, is now available and competitive with other - more empirical - DFAs. Discussion of selected cases, ranging from thermochemistry and reactions to weak interactions and excitation energies, not only show the large range of applicability of nonempirical DFAs, but also underline how increasing the number of theoretical constraints parallels with an improvement of the DFA's numerical performances. This fact further consolidates the strong theoretical framework of nonempirical DFAs. Finally, even if nonempirical DH approaches are still computationally expensive, relying on the fact that they can benefit of all technical enhancements developed for speeding up post-Hartree-Fock methods, there is substantial hope for their near future routine application to the description and prediction of complex chemical systems and reactions. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1145/3313276.3316318 | Oblivious Dimension Reduction For K Means Beyond Subspaces And The Johnson Lindenstrauss Lemma | We show that for n points in d-dimensional Euclidean space, a data oblivious random projection of the columns onto m∈ O((logk+loglogn)e−6log1/e) dimensions is sufficient to approximate the cost of all k-means clusterings up to a multiplicative (1±e) factor. The previous-best upper bounds on m are O(logn· e−2) given by a direct application of the Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma, and O(ke−2) given by [Cohen et al. -STOC’15]. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.bandl.2014.07.006 | Phoneme-free prosodic representations are involved in pre-lexical and lexical neurobiological mechanisms underlying spoken word processing | Recently we reported that spoken stressed and unstressed primes differently modulate Event Related Potentials (ERPs) of spoken initially stressed targets. ERP stress priming was independent of prime-target phoneme overlap. Here we test whether phoneme-free ERP stress priming involves the lexicon. We used German target words with the same onset phonemes but different onset stress, such as MANdel ("almond") and manDAT ("mandate" ; capital letters indicate stress). First syllables of those words served as primes. We orthogonally varied prime-target overlap in stress and phonemes. ERP stress priming did neither interact with phoneme priming nor with the stress pattern of the targets. However, polarity of ERP stress priming was reversed to that previously obtained. The present results are evidence for phoneme-free prosodic processing at the lexical level. Together with the previous results they reveal that phoneme-free prosodic representations at the pre-lexical and lexical level are recruited by neurobiological spoken word recognition. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07947.x | An orphan sensor kinase controls quinolone signal production via MexT in Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Pseudomonas aeruginosa employs both N-acylhomoserine lactone and 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolone (AQ)-mediated interbacterial signalling for the orchestration of a genome-wide gene regulatory network. Despite the many advances that have been made in understanding the target genes of quorum sensing regulation, little is known on how quorum sensing systems are influenced by environmental cues. In this study, we show that AQ production is modulated by an orphan P. aeruginosa sensor kinase. Transcriptional studies of the sensor kinase (MxtR) mutant demonstrated that an induced expression of MexT, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, largely determined the global transcriptional profile. Thereby, overexpression of the MexT-regulated MexEF-OprN efflux pump led to a delayed expression of the AQ biosynthetic genes and of AQ-dependent virulence factors. Furthermore, we demonstrated that autophosphorylation of MxtR was inhibited by ubiquinone, the central electron carrier of respiration in in vitro experiments. Our results elucidate on a mechanism by which P. aeruginosa senses environmental conditions and adapts by controlling the production of interbacterial AQ signal molecules. A regulatory function of a sensor kinase may indicate that there is a pre-emptive role of adaptation mechanisms that are turned on under distinct environmental conditions and that are important for efficient colonization and pathogenesis. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1016/j.cmet.2016.03.009 | Mitochondrial ROS Produced via Reverse Electron Transport Extend Animal Lifespan | Summary Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has long been considered a cause of aging. However, recent studies have implicated ROS as essential secondary messengers. Here we show that the site of ROS production significantly contributes to their apparent dual nature. We report that ROS increase with age as mitochondrial function deteriorates. However, we also demonstrate that increasing ROS production specifically through respiratory complex I reverse electron transport extends Drosophila lifespan. Reverse electron transport rescued pathogenesis induced by severe oxidative stress, highlighting the importance of the site of ROS production in signaling. Furthermore, preventing ubiquinone reduction, through knockdown of PINK1, shortens lifespan and accelerates aging; phenotypes that are rescued by increasing reverse electron transport. These results illustrate that the source of a ROS signal is vital in determining its effects on cellular physiology and establish that manipulation of ubiquinone redox state is a valid strategy to delay aging. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
US 2009/0000457 W | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IMAGING IONIZING RADIATION | A system and method are disclosed for capturing a radiographic or autoradiographic image of an object, in which a support member is provided to receive the object in an immobilized state; a phosphor screen is provided to transduce ionizing radiation from the source to visible light; film or a digital capture device is provided for capturing an image using the visible light; and the phosphor screen is moved incrementally to facilitate reduction of phosphor screen mottle. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-31784-3_30 | Model Checking Data Flows In Concurrent Network Updates | We present a model checking approach for the verification of data flow correctness in networks during concurrent updates of the network configuration. This verification problem is of great importance for software-defined networking (SDN), where errors can lead to packet loss, black holes, and security violations. Our approach is based on a specification of temporal properties of individual data flows, such as the requirement that the flow is free of cycles. We check whether these properties are simultaneously satisfied for all active data flows while the network configuration is updated. To represent the behavior of the concurrent network controllers and the resulting evolutions of the configurations, we introduce an extension of Petri nets with a transit relation, which characterizes the data flow caused by each transition of the Petri net. For safe Petri nets with transits, we reduce the verification of temporal flow properties to a circuit model checking problem that can be solved with effective verification techniques like IC3, interpolation, and bounded model checking. We report on encouraging experiments with a prototype implementation based on the hardware model checker ABC. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1021/nl4002475 | Binary superlattices from colloidal nanocrystals and giant polyoxometalate clusters | We report a new kind of long-range ordered binary superlattices comprising atomically defined inorganic clusters and colloidally synthesized nanocrystals. In a model system, we combined surfactant-encapsulated, nearly spherical giant polyoxometalate clusters containing 2. 9 nm polyoxomolybdate or 2. 5 nm polyoxovanadomolybdate cores with monodisperse colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (PbS, CdSe, PbS/CdS; 4-11 nm). The results are rationalized on the basis of dense packing principles of sterically stabilized particles with predominantly hard-spherelike interparticle interactions. By varying the size-ratios and relative concentrations of constituents, we obtained known thermodynamically stable binary packings of hard-spheres such as NaCl, AlB 2, and NaZn13 lattices and also CaCu5-type lattice and aperiodic quasicrystals with 12-fold symmetry. These results suggest that other kinds of cluster materials such as fullerenes and magic-sized metallic and semiconductor clusters can also be integrated into supramolecular assemblies with nanocrystals. Furthermore, synergistic effects are expected from the combination of redox and catalytic properties of polyoxometalates with excitonic and plasmonic properties of inorganic nanocrystals. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/tpj.12210 | Quantification of growth-defense trade-offs in a common currency: Nitrogen required for phenolamide biosynthesis is not derived from ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase turnover | Induced defenses are thought to be economical: growth and fitness-limiting resources are only invested into defenses when needed. To date, this putative growth-defense trade-off has not been quantified in a common currency at the level of individual compounds. Here, a quantification method for 15N-labeled proteins enabled a direct comparison of nitrogen (N) allocation to proteins, specifically, ribulose-1,5-bisposphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), as proxy for growth, with that to small N-containing defense metabolites (nicotine and phenolamides), as proxies for defense after herbivory. After repeated simulated herbivory, total N decreased in the shoots of wild-type (WT) Nicotiana attenuata plants, but not in two transgenic lines impaired in jasmonate defense signaling (irLOX3) and phenolamide biosynthesis (irMYB8). N was reallocated among different compounds within elicited rosette leaves: in the WT, a strong decrease in total soluble protein (TSP) and RuBisCO was accompanied by an increase in defense metabolites, irLOX3 showed a similar, albeit attenuated, pattern, whereas irMYB8 rosette leaves were the least responsive to elicitation, with overall higher levels of RuBisCO. Induced defenses were higher in the older compared with the younger rosette leaves, supporting the hypothesis that tissue developmental stage influences defense investments. We propose that MYB8, probably by regulating the production of phenolamides, indirectly mediates protein pool sizes after herbivory. Although the decrease in absolute N invested in TSP and RuBisCO elicited by simulated herbivory was much larger than the N-requirements of nicotine and phenolamide biosynthesis, 15N flux studies revealed that N for phenolamide synthesis originates from recently assimilated N, rather than from RuBisCO turnover. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.7554/eLife.29736 | CDK9-dependent RNA polymerase II pausing controls transcription initiation | Gene transcription can be activated by decreasing the duration of RNA polymerase II pausing in the promoter-proximal region, but how this is achieved remains unclear. Here we use a ‘multi-omics’ approach to demonstrate that the duration of polymerase pausing generally limits the productive frequency of transcription initiation in human cells (‘pause-initiation limit’). We further engineer a human cell line to allow for specific and rapid inhibition of the P-TEFb kinase CDK9, which is implicated in polymerase pause release. CDK9 activity decreases the pause duration but also increases the productive initiation frequency. This shows that CDK9 stimulates release of paused polymerase and activates transcription by increasing the number of transcribing polymerases and thus the amount of mRNA synthesized per time. CDK9 activity is also associated with long-range chromatin interactions, suggesting that enhancers can influence the pause-initiation limit to regulate transcription. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
US 201715423007 A | Draft force detection on a vehicle having a linkage | A vehicle control system for controlling the height of a linkage on a vehicle having a continuously variable transmission (CVT) in which the linkage is automatically raised and lowered depending on a draft force detected by the vehicle including an input draft force detected by sensors in the CVT or driveline is inputted into the control system and the system further processes the input draft force to provide an output draft force upon which movement of the linkage is based and the control system processes the input draft force by compensating the input draft force detected during acceleration or deceleration and/or compensating the input draft detected whilst travelling along a slope, and/or equalizing the input draft force by applying a ramp function, and/or reducing the input draft force when the linkage is at a predetermined height. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1083/jcb.201305139 | RNA-based mechanisms underlying axon guidance | Axon guidance plays a key role in establishing neuronal circuitry. The motile tips of growing axons, the growth cones, navigate by responding directionally to guidance cues that pattern the embryonic neural pathways via receptormediated signaling. Evidence in vitro in the last decade supports the notion that RNA-based mechanisms contribute to cue-directed steering during axon guidance. Different cues trigger translation of distinct subsets of mRNAs and localized translation provides precise spatiotemporal control over the growth cone proteome in response to localized receptor activation. Recent evidence has now demonstrated a role for localized translational control in axon guidance decisions in vivo. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1007/s13524-019-00809-y | Determinants of Influenza Mortality Trends: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Influenza Mortality in the United States, 1959–2016 | Abstract
This study examines the roles of age, period, and cohort in influenza mortality trends over the years 1959–2016 in the United States. First, we use Lexis surfaces based on Serfling models to highlight influenza mortality patterns as well as to identify lingering effects of early-life exposure to specific influenza virus subtypes (e. g. , H1N1, H3N2). Second, we use age-period-cohort (APC) methods to explore APC linear trends and identify changes in the slope of these trends (contrasts). Our analyses reveal a series of breakpoints where the magnitude and direction of birth cohort trends significantly change, mostly corresponding to years in which important antigenic drifts or shifts took place (i. e. , 1947, 1957, 1968, and 1978). Whereas child, youth, and adult influenza mortality appear to be influenced by a combination of cohort- and period-specific factors, reflecting the interaction between the antigenic experience of the population and the evolution of the influenza virus itself, mortality patterns of the elderly appear to be molded by broader cohort factors. The latter would reflect the processes of physiological capital improvement in successive birth cohorts through secular changes in early-life conditions. Antigenic imprinting, cohort morbidity phenotype, and other mechanisms that can generate the observed cohort effects, including the baby boom, are discussed. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W1970005760 | Effect of chronic administration of vitamin E on the hemopoietic system in hypercholesterolemia | Hypercholesterolemia induces oxidative stress, which is known to have adverse effects on the integrity of cells. Hence, hypercholesterolemia may have adverse effects on the hemopoietic system. Vitamin E, an antioxidant, is being used by normo- and hypercholesterolemic subjects. It is, however, not known if vitamin E has any beneficial or adverse effects on the hemopoietic system. The objectives of this study are to determine if (i) hypercholesterolemia has any adverse effects on the hemopoietic system [red blood cell (RBC) count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet counts, and mean platelet volume (MPV)], and (ii) vitamin E has any effect on the hemopoietic system in hypercholesterolemia. Blood samples were collected before and at various intervals during a high cholesterol diet (0.25% cholesterol) for 2 and 4 months, and while on high cholesterol diet with vitamin E (2 months) following a high cholesterol diet (2 months). Serum cholesterol was measured on an automated Clinical System Analyzer and hemopoietic parameters were measured on an automated Cell-dyn-4000. The results show that hypercholesterolemia decreased RBC count, Hct and Hb, increased MCV, RDW, MCH, and MCHC, and had no effect on WBC and platelet counts, and MPV. Vitamin E did not affect any of the parameters of the hemopoietic system. In conclusion, hypercholesterolemia of short duration has adverse effects on certain elements of the hemopoietic system. Vitamin E does not affect the hemopoietic system during hypercholesterolemia. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W1985394689 | Route selection for minimizing interference to primary users in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Reinforcement Learning approach | The dynamicity and unpredictability of channel availability in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) have imposed a major challenge to the design of routing schemes. Generally speaking, routing enables Secondary Users (SUs) to select optimal routes, while minimizing interference to Primary Users (PUs), which is a key requirement of CRNs. Nevertheless, there has been limited research in the literature for routing schemes that consider both SUs' interference to PUs and network-wide performance of SUs. This paper proposes a novel Cognitive Radio Q-routing (CRQ-routing) scheme, which aims to take account of SU-to-PU interference and SUs' end-to-end delay. Traditionally, routing schemes have been designed for specific applications and may not achieve the optimum network-wide performance in most kinds of network scenarios. In this paper, CRQ-routing has been shown to achieve network-wide performance in scenarios with various levels of channel dynamicity and unpredictability in regards to PU activities. Furthermore, CRQ-routing is simple to implement since it does not require additional hardware or geographical information. Basically, CRQ-routing is a Reinforcement Learning- (RL-) based approach that provides intelligence to SUs so that they can learn to make dynamic and efficient routing decisions on the fly while addressing the important characteristics of CRNs namely, dynamicity and unpredictability of channel availability, and SUs' interference to PUs. Simulation results show that CRQ-routing reduces the interference to PUs for up to 43% compared to traditional routing schemes, and it achieves lower end-to-end delay under highly unpredictable PU activities. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1214/17-BA1065 | Uncertainty quantification for the horseshoe (with discussion) | We investigate the credible sets and marginal credible intervals resulting from the horseshoe prior in the sparse multivariate normal means model. We do so in an adaptive setting without assuming knowledge of the sparsity level (number of signals). We consider both the hierarchical Bayes method of putting a prior on the unknown sparsity level and the empirical Bayes method with the sparsity level estimated by maximum marginal likelihood. We show that credible balls and marginal credible intervals have good frequentist coverage and optimal size if the sparsity level of the prior is set correctly. By general theory honest confidence sets cannot adapt in size to an unknown sparsity level. Accordingly the hierarchical and empirical Bayes credible sets based on the horseshoe prior are not honest over the full parameter space. We show that this is due to over-shrinkage for certain parameters and characterise the set of parameters for which credible balls and marginal credible intervals do give correct uncertainty quantification. In particular we show that the fraction of false discoveries by the marginal Bayesian procedure is controlled by a correct choice of cut-off. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
W186895675 | IMPROVING THE WRITING ABILITYOF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA NU AL MA’RUF KUDUSIN ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014BY USING THINK-PAIR-SHARE (TPS) TECHNIQUE | English is one of the international languages in the world and becomes a foreign language in Indonesia. Writing is an important thing even though it is difficult skill to develop, it is very important to be taught. The descriptive text as a part of English material senior high school. It is considered as a difficult subject. In this research, the writer carries out the research entitle “Improving Writing Ability of the Tenth Grade Students of SMA NU Al Ma’ruf in Academic Year 2013/2014 by Using Think-Pair-Share (TPS) Technique”.
The objective in this research are to find out whether Think-Pair-Share technique can improve writing ability in descriptive text of tenth grade students in SMA NU Al Ma’ruf Kudus in academic year 2013/2014 and to find out the strengths and the weaknesses of using Think-Pair-Share technique when it is applied of tenth grade students of SMA NU Al Ma’ruf Kudus in academic year 2013/2014 to improve students’ writing ability in descriptive text.
The writer conducted classroom action research to solve the research problem. The research was conducted in SMA NU Al Ma’ruf Kudus in the academic year 2013/2014, especially in X-3. The number of Students in this research is 29 students. The writer uses descriptive text of writing ability as object of the research.
The result of this research from cycle I is 2021 and the result from cycle II is 2289. So, the average score percentage of the students’ writing ability in descriptive text in cycle 1 is 69.68%. In cycle II, the average score is 78.93%. So, there is an improvement of the average score percentage of the students’ writing ability in every cycle. Besides, the students and teachers’ activity are improved and the problem that faced by the teacher are decreased in every cycle.
The students easier to make new descriptive text by their own words. They get different way in teaching and learning process. It is looked when they work together with their partner and also from the result of achievement test; there is improvement in each cycle. The writer can conclude that the use of Think-Pair-Share technique can improve the writing ability of the tenth grade students of SMA NU Al Ma’ruf kudus in the academic year 2013/2014. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1016/j.cplett.2017.02.087 | Absorption cross sections and kinetics of formation of AlO at 298 K | The rate coefficient of the Al + O2 reaction has been measured in a laser ablation-fast flow tube apparatus by monitoring atomic Al resonance absorption and AlO laser induced fluorescence (LIF). The rate constant has been found to be k(298 K) = (1. 68 ± 0. 24) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Under conditions of near-stoichiometric conversion of Al into AlO, the absorption cross section of AlO at the bandhead of the B2Σ+(v' = 0) ← X2Σ+(v'' = 0) transition has been determined to be σ(298 K, 1 hPa) = (6. 7 ± 1. 6) × 10−15 cm2 molecule−1 (0. 003 nm resolution), in very good agreement with theoretical predictions. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1186/s13062-018-0211-z | Profiling microbial strains in urban environments using metagenomic sequencing data | Background: The microbial communities populating human and natural environments have been extensively characterized with shotgun metagenomics, which provides an in-depth representation of the microbial diversity within a sample. Microbes thriving in urban environments may be crucially important for human health, but have received less attention than those of other environments. Ongoing efforts started to target urban microbiomes at a large scale, but the most recent computational methods to profile these metagenomes have never been applied in this context. It is thus currently unclear whether such methods, that have proven successful at distinguishing even closely related strains in human microbiomes, are also effective in urban settings for tasks such as cultivation-free pathogen detection and microbial surveillance. Here, we aimed at a) testing the currently available metagenomic profiling tools on urban metagenomics; b) characterizing the organisms in urban environment at the resolution of single strain and c) discussing the biological insights that can be inferred from such methods. Results: We applied three complementary methods on the 1614 metagenomes of the CAMDA 2017 challenge. With MetaMLST we identified 121 known sequence-types from 15 species of clinical relevance. For instance, we identified several Acinetobacter strains that were close to the nosocomial opportunistic pathogen A. nosocomialis. With StrainPhlAn, a generalized version of the MetaMLST approach, we inferred the phylogenetic structure of Pseudomonas stutzeri strains and suggested that the strain-level heterogeneity in environmental samples is higher than in the human microbiome. Finally, we also probed the functional potential of the different strains with PanPhlAn. We further showed that SNV-based and pangenome-based profiling provide complementary information that can be combined to investigate the evolutionary trajectories of microbes and to identify specific genetic determinants of virulence and antibiotic resistances within closely related strains. Conclusion: We show that strain-level methods developed primarily for the analysis of human microbiomes can be effective for city-associated microbiomes. In fact, (opportunistic) pathogens can be tracked and monitored across many hundreds of urban metagenomes. However, while more effort is needed to profile strains of currently uncharacterized species, this work poses the basis for high-resolution analyses of microbiomes sampled in city and mass transportation environments. Reviewers: This article was reviewed by Alexandra Bettina Graf, Daniel Huson and Trevor Cickovski. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/C4NR00076E | The Role Of Size And Coating In Au Nanoparticles Incorporated Into Bi Component Polymeric Thin Film Transistors | We describe the effect of blending poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the performance of organic thin-film transistors. To this end we have used AuNPs of two different sizes coated with chemisorbed SAMs of oligophenyl-thiols possessing increasing lengths. The electrical characteristics of the hybrid materials revealed changes in the field-effect mobility depending primarily on the AuNP size, as a result of the variable energy level of the coated metallic nanocluster and by the degree of modification of the P3HT crystalline structure. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
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