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4,300 | 14,661,652 | 1,712 | Described herein are compositions and methods for forming silicon oxide films. In one aspect, the film is deposited from at least one precursor having the following formula:
R 1 n Si(NR 2 R 3 ) m H 4-m-n
wherein R 1 is independently selected from a linear C 1 to C 6 alkyl group, a branched C 2 to C 6 alkyl group, a C 3 to C 6 cyclic alkyl group, a C 2 to C 6 alkenyl group, a C 3 to C 6 alkynyl group, and a C 4 to C 10 aryl group; wherein R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, a C 1 to C 6 linear alkyl group, a branched C 2 to C 6 alkyl group, a C 3 to C 6 cyclic alkyl group, a C 2 to C 6 alkenyl group, a C 3 to C 6 alkynyl group, and a C 4 to C 10 aryl group, wherein R 2 and R 3 are linked or, are not linked, to form a cyclic ring structure; n=1, 2, 3; and m=1, 2. | 1. A method to deposit a film comprising silicon and oxide onto a substrate comprises steps of:
a) providing a substrate in a reactor; b) introducing into the reactor at least one silicon precursor comprising a compound having the following formula A:
R1 nSi(NR2R3)mH4-m-n A
wherein R1 is independently selected from a linear C1 to C6 alkyl group, a branched C3 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C6 cyclic alkyl group, a C2 to C6 alkenyl group, a C3 to C6 alkynyl group, a C4 to C10 aryl group; wherein R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C1 to C6 linear alkyl group, a branched C3 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C6 cyclic alkyl group, a C2 to C6 alkenyl group, a C3 to C6 alkynyl group, a C4 to C10 aryl group, wherein R2 and R3 in Formula A are selected from R2 and R3 are linked to form a cyclic ring structure and R2 and R3 are not linked to form a cyclic ring structure; n=1, 2, 3; and m=1, 2; c) purging the reactor with purge gas; d) introducing an oxygen-containing source into the reactor; and e) purging the reactor with purge gas; and wherein steps b through e are repeated until a desired thickness of film is deposited; and wherein the method is conducted at one or more temperatures ranging from about 25° C. to 300° C. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of dimethylaminotrimethylsilane, dimethylaminotrimethylsilane, di-iso-propylaminotrimethylsilane, piperidinotrimethylsilane, 2,6-dimethylpiperidinotrimethylsilane, di-sec-butylaminotrimethylsilane, iso-propyl-sec-butylaminotrimethylsilane, tert-butylaminotrimethylsilane, iso-propylaminotrimethylsilane, diethylaminodimethylsilane, dimethylaminodimethylsilane, di-iso-propylaminodimethylsilane, piperidinodimethylsilane, 2,6-dimethylpiperidinodimethylsilane, di-sec-butylaminodimethylsilane, iso-propyl-sec-butylaminodimethylsilane, tert-butylaminodimethylsilane, Iso-propylaminodimethylsilane, tert-pentylaminodimethylaminosilane, dimethylaminomethylsilane, di-iso-propylaminomethylsilane, iso-propyl-sec-butylaminomethylsilane, 2,6-dimethylpiperidinomethylsilane, di-sec-butylaminomethylsilane, bis(dimethylamino)methylsilane, bis(diethylamino)methylsilane, bis(di-iso-propylamino)methylsilane, bis(iso-propyl-sec-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(2,6-dimethylpiperidino)methylsilane, bis(iso-propylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(sec-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-pentylamino)methylsilane, bis(cyclohexylamino)methylsilane, bis(iso-propylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(iso-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(sec-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(tert-pentylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(cyclohexylamino)dimethylsilane, and combinations. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen-containing source is selected from the group consisting of an ozone, an oxygen plasma, a plasma comprising oxygen and argon, a plasma comprising oxygen and helium, an ozone plasma, a water plasma, a nitrous oxide plasma, a carbon dioxide plasma, and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the oxygen-containing source comprises plasma. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the plasma is generated in situ. 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the plasma is generated remotely. 7. The method of claim 4 wherein a density of the film is about 2.1 g/cc or greater. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the film further comprises carbon. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein a density of the film is about 1.8 g/cc or greater. 10. The method of claim 8 wherein a carbon content of the film is 0.5 atomic weight percent (at.%) as measured by x-ray photospectroscopy or greater. 11. A method to deposit a film selected from a silicon oxide film and a carbon doped silicon oxide film onto a substrate, the method comprising steps of:
a. providing the substrate in a reactor; b. introducing into the reactor at least one silicon precursor comprising a compound having the following formula:
R1 nSi(NR2R3)mH4-m-n
wherein R1 is independently selected from a linear C1 to C2 alkyl group, R2 is selected from a C1 to C6 linear alkyl group, a branched C3 to C6 alkyl group; R3 is hydrogen; n=1 or 2; and m=2; c. purging the reactor with a purge gas; d. introducing an oxygen-containing source into the reactor; and e. purging reactor with purge gas; and
wherein steps b through e are repeated until a desired thickness of film is deposited; and
wherein the method is conducted at one or more temperatures ranging from about 25° C. to about 300° C. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one silicon precursor is selected from the group consisting of bis(iso-propylamino)methylsilane, bis(iso-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(sec-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-pentylamino)methylsilane, bis(cyclohexylamino)methylsilane, bis(iso-propylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(iso-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(sec-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(tert-pentylamino)dimethylsilane, and bis(cyclohexylamino)dimethylsilane. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the oxygen-containing source is selected from the group consisting of an ozone, an oxygen plasma, a plasma comprising oxygen and argon, a plasma comprising oxygen and helium, an ozone plasma, a water plasma, a nitrous oxide plasma, a carbon dioxide plasma, and combinations thereof. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the oxygen-containing source comprises plasma. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the density of the film is about 2.1 g/cc or greater. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the plasma is generated in situ. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the plasma is generated remotely. 18. A composition for depositing a film selected from a silicon oxide or a carbon doped silicon oxide film using a vapor deposition process, the composition comprising: a compound having the following formula B:
R1 nSi(NR2H)mH4-m-n B
wherein R1 is independently selected from a linear C1 to C2 alkyl group, R2 is independently selected from a C1 to C6 linear alkyl group and a branched C3 to C6 alkyl group; n=1 or 2; and m=2. 19. The composition of claim 18, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of bis(iso-propylamino)methylsilane, bis(iso-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(sec-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-pentylamino)methylsilane, bis(cyclohexylamino)methylsilane, bis(iso-propylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(iso-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(sec-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(tert-pentylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(cyclohexylamino)dimethylsilane, and combinations thereof. 20. A silicon precursor for depositing a film comprising silicon and oxide, the silicon precursor comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of bis(sec-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)methylsilane, and bis(cyclohexylamino)methylsilane. | Described herein are compositions and methods for forming silicon oxide films. In one aspect, the film is deposited from at least one precursor having the following formula:
R 1 n Si(NR 2 R 3 ) m H 4-m-n
wherein R 1 is independently selected from a linear C 1 to C 6 alkyl group, a branched C 2 to C 6 alkyl group, a C 3 to C 6 cyclic alkyl group, a C 2 to C 6 alkenyl group, a C 3 to C 6 alkynyl group, and a C 4 to C 10 aryl group; wherein R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, a C 1 to C 6 linear alkyl group, a branched C 2 to C 6 alkyl group, a C 3 to C 6 cyclic alkyl group, a C 2 to C 6 alkenyl group, a C 3 to C 6 alkynyl group, and a C 4 to C 10 aryl group, wherein R 2 and R 3 are linked or, are not linked, to form a cyclic ring structure; n=1, 2, 3; and m=1, 2.1. A method to deposit a film comprising silicon and oxide onto a substrate comprises steps of:
a) providing a substrate in a reactor; b) introducing into the reactor at least one silicon precursor comprising a compound having the following formula A:
R1 nSi(NR2R3)mH4-m-n A
wherein R1 is independently selected from a linear C1 to C6 alkyl group, a branched C3 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C6 cyclic alkyl group, a C2 to C6 alkenyl group, a C3 to C6 alkynyl group, a C4 to C10 aryl group; wherein R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C1 to C6 linear alkyl group, a branched C3 to C6 alkyl group, a C3 to C6 cyclic alkyl group, a C2 to C6 alkenyl group, a C3 to C6 alkynyl group, a C4 to C10 aryl group, wherein R2 and R3 in Formula A are selected from R2 and R3 are linked to form a cyclic ring structure and R2 and R3 are not linked to form a cyclic ring structure; n=1, 2, 3; and m=1, 2; c) purging the reactor with purge gas; d) introducing an oxygen-containing source into the reactor; and e) purging the reactor with purge gas; and wherein steps b through e are repeated until a desired thickness of film is deposited; and wherein the method is conducted at one or more temperatures ranging from about 25° C. to 300° C. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of dimethylaminotrimethylsilane, dimethylaminotrimethylsilane, di-iso-propylaminotrimethylsilane, piperidinotrimethylsilane, 2,6-dimethylpiperidinotrimethylsilane, di-sec-butylaminotrimethylsilane, iso-propyl-sec-butylaminotrimethylsilane, tert-butylaminotrimethylsilane, iso-propylaminotrimethylsilane, diethylaminodimethylsilane, dimethylaminodimethylsilane, di-iso-propylaminodimethylsilane, piperidinodimethylsilane, 2,6-dimethylpiperidinodimethylsilane, di-sec-butylaminodimethylsilane, iso-propyl-sec-butylaminodimethylsilane, tert-butylaminodimethylsilane, Iso-propylaminodimethylsilane, tert-pentylaminodimethylaminosilane, dimethylaminomethylsilane, di-iso-propylaminomethylsilane, iso-propyl-sec-butylaminomethylsilane, 2,6-dimethylpiperidinomethylsilane, di-sec-butylaminomethylsilane, bis(dimethylamino)methylsilane, bis(diethylamino)methylsilane, bis(di-iso-propylamino)methylsilane, bis(iso-propyl-sec-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(2,6-dimethylpiperidino)methylsilane, bis(iso-propylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(sec-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-pentylamino)methylsilane, bis(cyclohexylamino)methylsilane, bis(iso-propylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(iso-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(sec-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(tert-pentylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(cyclohexylamino)dimethylsilane, and combinations. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen-containing source is selected from the group consisting of an ozone, an oxygen plasma, a plasma comprising oxygen and argon, a plasma comprising oxygen and helium, an ozone plasma, a water plasma, a nitrous oxide plasma, a carbon dioxide plasma, and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the oxygen-containing source comprises plasma. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the plasma is generated in situ. 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the plasma is generated remotely. 7. The method of claim 4 wherein a density of the film is about 2.1 g/cc or greater. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the film further comprises carbon. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein a density of the film is about 1.8 g/cc or greater. 10. The method of claim 8 wherein a carbon content of the film is 0.5 atomic weight percent (at.%) as measured by x-ray photospectroscopy or greater. 11. A method to deposit a film selected from a silicon oxide film and a carbon doped silicon oxide film onto a substrate, the method comprising steps of:
a. providing the substrate in a reactor; b. introducing into the reactor at least one silicon precursor comprising a compound having the following formula:
R1 nSi(NR2R3)mH4-m-n
wherein R1 is independently selected from a linear C1 to C2 alkyl group, R2 is selected from a C1 to C6 linear alkyl group, a branched C3 to C6 alkyl group; R3 is hydrogen; n=1 or 2; and m=2; c. purging the reactor with a purge gas; d. introducing an oxygen-containing source into the reactor; and e. purging reactor with purge gas; and
wherein steps b through e are repeated until a desired thickness of film is deposited; and
wherein the method is conducted at one or more temperatures ranging from about 25° C. to about 300° C. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one silicon precursor is selected from the group consisting of bis(iso-propylamino)methylsilane, bis(iso-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(sec-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-pentylamino)methylsilane, bis(cyclohexylamino)methylsilane, bis(iso-propylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(iso-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(sec-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(tert-pentylamino)dimethylsilane, and bis(cyclohexylamino)dimethylsilane. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the oxygen-containing source is selected from the group consisting of an ozone, an oxygen plasma, a plasma comprising oxygen and argon, a plasma comprising oxygen and helium, an ozone plasma, a water plasma, a nitrous oxide plasma, a carbon dioxide plasma, and combinations thereof. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the oxygen-containing source comprises plasma. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the density of the film is about 2.1 g/cc or greater. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the plasma is generated in situ. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the plasma is generated remotely. 18. A composition for depositing a film selected from a silicon oxide or a carbon doped silicon oxide film using a vapor deposition process, the composition comprising: a compound having the following formula B:
R1 nSi(NR2H)mH4-m-n B
wherein R1 is independently selected from a linear C1 to C2 alkyl group, R2 is independently selected from a C1 to C6 linear alkyl group and a branched C3 to C6 alkyl group; n=1 or 2; and m=2. 19. The composition of claim 18, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of bis(iso-propylamino)methylsilane, bis(iso-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(sec-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-pentylamino)methylsilane, bis(cyclohexylamino)methylsilane, bis(iso-propylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(iso-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(sec-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(tert-pentylamino)dimethylsilane, bis(cyclohexylamino)dimethylsilane, and combinations thereof. 20. A silicon precursor for depositing a film comprising silicon and oxide, the silicon precursor comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of bis(sec-butylamino)methylsilane, bis(tert-butylamino)methylsilane, and bis(cyclohexylamino)methylsilane. | 1,700 |
4,301 | 14,842,160 | 1,792 | A food preparation device may include at least two energy sources, a chamber into which at least two types of energy are providable via the at least two energy sources, and a cooking controller operably coupled to the at least two energy sources to selectively distribute power to respective ones of the at least two energy sources. The at least two energy sources may include a radio frequency (RF) capacitive heating source and a cold air source. | 1. A food preparation device comprising:
at least two energy sources; a chamber into which at least two types of energy are providable via the at least two energy sources; and a cooking controller operably coupled to the at least two energy sources to selectively distribute power to respective ones of the at least two energy sources, wherein the at least two energy sources comprise a radio frequency (RF) capacitive heating source and a cold air source. 2. The food preparation device of claim 1, wherein the RF capacitive heating source comprises a ground plate and an anode plate, and one of the ground plate or the anode plate is mobile along an axis. 3. The food preparation device of claim 2, further comprising a proximity sensor to sense a distance between the ground plate and the anode plate. 4. The food preparation device of claim 1, further comprising:
a door configured to hingedly operate to alternately allow access to the chamber and close the chamber for food preparation; and an interface panel. 5. The food preparation of device of claim 1, wherein the RF capacitive heating source transmits RF energy from about 10 MHz to about 50 MHz. 6. The food preparation device of claim 1, further comprising a heat source. 7. The food preparation device of claim 6, wherein each of the cold air source and the heat source comprises an air flow generator, the cold air source further comprising a chilling element, and the heat source further comprising a heating element. 8. The food preparation device of claim 1, further comprising a wireless thermal probe having a quartz-crystal resonator and a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) coil, wherein the quartz-crystal resonator changes quartz resonance frequency in response to temperature variations, and the NMR coil detects changes in the quartz resonance frequency. 9. The food preparation device of claim 6, wherein the heat source comprises at least one of magnetic induction, infrared light, hot convection air, steam, or any combination thereof. 10. The food preparation device of claim 1, wherein the cooking controller monitors at least one of humidity, temperature, time, or any combination thereof. 11. The food preparation device of claim 1, wherein the cooking controller is configured to control volumetric thermal conditions of a food product having an interior core and an exterior surface. 12. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to rapidly thaw the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the cold air source, such that the cooking controller thaws the food product interior core to about 35° F. and maintains the food product at about 35° F. until ready for use. 13. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to rapidly temper the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the cold air source, such that the cooking controller thaws the food product interior core and maintains a cold environment in the food preparation device from about −20° F. to about 32° F. 14. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to blast chill the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the cold air source, such that the cooking controller rapidly chills the food product interior core to about 35° F. and holds the food product in refrigerated storage. 15. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to shock freeze the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the cold air source, such that the cooking controller rapidly chills the food product interior core to about 0° F. and holds the food product in frozen storage. 16. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to hold the food product at a selected temperature via the RF capacitive heating source and the heat source, such that the cooking controller maintains a warm environment in the food preparation device from about 145° F. to about 220° F. 17. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to proof the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the heat source, such that the cooking controller maintains a refrigerated to warm environment in the food preparation device from about 34° F. to about 120° F. 18. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to slow-cook the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the heat source, such that the cooking controller maintains a warm to hot environment in the food preparation device from about 175° F. to about 350° F. 19. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to re-thermalize the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the heat source, such that the cooking controller maintains a warm to hot environment in the food preparation device from about 145° F. to about 300° F. 20. A method of preparing food, comprising:
receiving a food product having an interior core and an exterior surface in a food preparation device chamber; initiating a food preparation program in response to an operator selecting the food preparation program on an interface panel; and controlling volumetric thermal conditions of the food product via a radio frequency (RF) capacitive heating source and an air source according to the food preparation program, wherein the RF capacitive heating source comprises a ground plate and an anode plate, and wherein the air source comprises at least one of a cold air source or a heat source. | A food preparation device may include at least two energy sources, a chamber into which at least two types of energy are providable via the at least two energy sources, and a cooking controller operably coupled to the at least two energy sources to selectively distribute power to respective ones of the at least two energy sources. The at least two energy sources may include a radio frequency (RF) capacitive heating source and a cold air source.1. A food preparation device comprising:
at least two energy sources; a chamber into which at least two types of energy are providable via the at least two energy sources; and a cooking controller operably coupled to the at least two energy sources to selectively distribute power to respective ones of the at least two energy sources, wherein the at least two energy sources comprise a radio frequency (RF) capacitive heating source and a cold air source. 2. The food preparation device of claim 1, wherein the RF capacitive heating source comprises a ground plate and an anode plate, and one of the ground plate or the anode plate is mobile along an axis. 3. The food preparation device of claim 2, further comprising a proximity sensor to sense a distance between the ground plate and the anode plate. 4. The food preparation device of claim 1, further comprising:
a door configured to hingedly operate to alternately allow access to the chamber and close the chamber for food preparation; and an interface panel. 5. The food preparation of device of claim 1, wherein the RF capacitive heating source transmits RF energy from about 10 MHz to about 50 MHz. 6. The food preparation device of claim 1, further comprising a heat source. 7. The food preparation device of claim 6, wherein each of the cold air source and the heat source comprises an air flow generator, the cold air source further comprising a chilling element, and the heat source further comprising a heating element. 8. The food preparation device of claim 1, further comprising a wireless thermal probe having a quartz-crystal resonator and a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) coil, wherein the quartz-crystal resonator changes quartz resonance frequency in response to temperature variations, and the NMR coil detects changes in the quartz resonance frequency. 9. The food preparation device of claim 6, wherein the heat source comprises at least one of magnetic induction, infrared light, hot convection air, steam, or any combination thereof. 10. The food preparation device of claim 1, wherein the cooking controller monitors at least one of humidity, temperature, time, or any combination thereof. 11. The food preparation device of claim 1, wherein the cooking controller is configured to control volumetric thermal conditions of a food product having an interior core and an exterior surface. 12. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to rapidly thaw the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the cold air source, such that the cooking controller thaws the food product interior core to about 35° F. and maintains the food product at about 35° F. until ready for use. 13. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to rapidly temper the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the cold air source, such that the cooking controller thaws the food product interior core and maintains a cold environment in the food preparation device from about −20° F. to about 32° F. 14. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to blast chill the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the cold air source, such that the cooking controller rapidly chills the food product interior core to about 35° F. and holds the food product in refrigerated storage. 15. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to shock freeze the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the cold air source, such that the cooking controller rapidly chills the food product interior core to about 0° F. and holds the food product in frozen storage. 16. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to hold the food product at a selected temperature via the RF capacitive heating source and the heat source, such that the cooking controller maintains a warm environment in the food preparation device from about 145° F. to about 220° F. 17. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to proof the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the heat source, such that the cooking controller maintains a refrigerated to warm environment in the food preparation device from about 34° F. to about 120° F. 18. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to slow-cook the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the heat source, such that the cooking controller maintains a warm to hot environment in the food preparation device from about 175° F. to about 350° F. 19. The food preparation device of claim 11, wherein the cooking controller is configured to re-thermalize the food product via the RF capacitive heating source and the heat source, such that the cooking controller maintains a warm to hot environment in the food preparation device from about 145° F. to about 300° F. 20. A method of preparing food, comprising:
receiving a food product having an interior core and an exterior surface in a food preparation device chamber; initiating a food preparation program in response to an operator selecting the food preparation program on an interface panel; and controlling volumetric thermal conditions of the food product via a radio frequency (RF) capacitive heating source and an air source according to the food preparation program, wherein the RF capacitive heating source comprises a ground plate and an anode plate, and wherein the air source comprises at least one of a cold air source or a heat source. | 1,700 |
4,302 | 14,991,979 | 1,792 | An apparatus and method for brewing kava beverage. Using the apparatus and method, kava beverage is brewed by filling a hollow two-piece spherical structure with extremely fine mesh screens with kava. The filled apparatus is placed in a shaker bottle filled with liquid and is shaken vigorously, extracting the kavalactones from the root into the liquid, creating the kava beverage. This method of brewing kava beverage is quicker and simpler than traditional methods of brewing kava beverage. | 1. A kava beverage brewing apparatus for rapidly brewing kava beverage, said apparatus comprising a spherical structure capable of containing a supply of kava root, said structure being submersible in a liquid to effect brewing of said kava, structurally supported to withstand being vigorously shaken inside of a larger shaker device while submerged in a liquid, capable of being opened, closed, and sealed to allow the addition and removal of kava, containing a plurality of perforations that are covered by a fine mesh screen capable of confining the kava inside the spherical structure. 2. The kava beverage brewing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said opening, closing, and sealing functionality is achieved by dividing the spherical structure into two separate hemispheres which have mating connections which allow the facilitate opening, closing, and sealing. 3. The kava beverage brewing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said mating connections are male and female threaded connectors. 4. The kava beverage brewing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said fine mesh screen is constructed of wire mesh with mesh size 200 or finer. 5. The kava beverage brewing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said fine mesh screen is constructed of stainless steel. 6. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 1, wherein said spherical structure is comprised of two hemispheres constructed of a corrosion resistant material with mating threaded connections containing a plurality of larger perforations that are covered by a 200 mesh or finer, stainless steel mesh screen. 7. A kava beverage brewing assembly for rapidly brewing kava beverage, said assembly comprising:
a spherical structure capable of containing a supply of kava root, said structure being submersible in a liquid to effect brewing of said kava, structurally supported to withstand being vigorously shaken inside of a larger shaker device while submerged in a liquid, capable of being opened, closed, and sealed to allow the addition and removal of kava, containing a plurality of perforations that are covered by a fine mesh screen capable of confining the kava inside the spherical structure; a means for brewing the kava beverage which will contain the aforementioned spherical structure and beverage medium. 8. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 7, wherein said means for brewing the kava beverage is a beverage shaker with removable top and secondary smaller lid which is capable of being filled with sufficient brewing medium and the aforementioned spherical structure and shaken vigorously. 9. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 7, wherein said spherical structure is comprised of two hemispheres constructed of corrosion resistant materials with mating threaded connections containing a plurality of larger perforations that are covered by a 200 mesh or finer, stainless steel mesh screen. 10. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 9, wherein said means for brewing the kava beverage is a beverage shaker with removable top and secondary smaller lid which is capable of being filled with sufficient brewing medium and the aforementioned spherical structure and shaken vigorously. 11. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 7, further comprising at least one weighted, corrosion resistant, spherical object which can be placed inside of the spherical structure along with the kava to accelerate and increase the efficiency of the brewing process. 12. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 11, wherein said spherical structure is comprised of two hemispheres constructed of corrosion resistant materials with mating threaded connections containing a plurality of larger perforations that are covered by a 200 mesh or finer, stainless steel mesh screen. 13. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 12, wherein said means for brewing the kava beverage is a beverage shaker with removable top and secondary smaller lid which is capable of being filled with sufficient brewing medium and the aforementioned spherical structure and shaken vigorously. 14. A method of brewing a kava beverage, comprising the steps of:
providing an a filter apparatus filled with kava root; placing the filter apparatus into a means for brewing the kava beverage which will contain the aforementioned spherical structure and beverage medium; filling the aforementioned means for brewing the kava beverage with a brewing medium; securing the cap on the aforementioned means; vigorously agitating the means for brewing the kava beverage for a period of time, extracting the kavalactones from the kava root into the beverage medium. 15. The method of brewing a kava beverage as recited in claim 14, wherein said filter apparatus is comprised of a spherical structure capable of containing a supply of kava root, said structure being submersible in a liquid to effect brewing of said kava, structurally supported to withstand being vigorously shaken inside of a larger shaker device while submerged in a liquid, capable of being opened, closed, and sealed to allow the addition and removal of kava, containing a plurality of perforations that are covered by a fine mesh screen capable of confining kava inside the spherical structure. 16. The method of brewing a kava beverage as recited in claim 15, wherein said means for brewing the kava beverage is comprised of a beverage shaker with removable top and secondary smaller lid which is capable of being filled with sufficient brewing medium and the aforementioned spherical structure and shaken vigorously. 17. The method of brewing a kava beverage as recited in claim 16, wherein at least one smaller weighted spherical structure is placed inside the filter apparatus along with the kava root. 18. The method of brewing a kava beverage as recited in claim 14, wherein the filter apparatus is a disposable, sealed filter bag filled with kava root, capable of containing the kava to the filter bag. 19. The method of brewing a kava beverage as recited in claim 18, wherein at least one smaller weighted spherical structure is placed inside the filter apparatus along with the kava root. | An apparatus and method for brewing kava beverage. Using the apparatus and method, kava beverage is brewed by filling a hollow two-piece spherical structure with extremely fine mesh screens with kava. The filled apparatus is placed in a shaker bottle filled with liquid and is shaken vigorously, extracting the kavalactones from the root into the liquid, creating the kava beverage. This method of brewing kava beverage is quicker and simpler than traditional methods of brewing kava beverage.1. A kava beverage brewing apparatus for rapidly brewing kava beverage, said apparatus comprising a spherical structure capable of containing a supply of kava root, said structure being submersible in a liquid to effect brewing of said kava, structurally supported to withstand being vigorously shaken inside of a larger shaker device while submerged in a liquid, capable of being opened, closed, and sealed to allow the addition and removal of kava, containing a plurality of perforations that are covered by a fine mesh screen capable of confining the kava inside the spherical structure. 2. The kava beverage brewing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said opening, closing, and sealing functionality is achieved by dividing the spherical structure into two separate hemispheres which have mating connections which allow the facilitate opening, closing, and sealing. 3. The kava beverage brewing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said mating connections are male and female threaded connectors. 4. The kava beverage brewing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said fine mesh screen is constructed of wire mesh with mesh size 200 or finer. 5. The kava beverage brewing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said fine mesh screen is constructed of stainless steel. 6. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 1, wherein said spherical structure is comprised of two hemispheres constructed of a corrosion resistant material with mating threaded connections containing a plurality of larger perforations that are covered by a 200 mesh or finer, stainless steel mesh screen. 7. A kava beverage brewing assembly for rapidly brewing kava beverage, said assembly comprising:
a spherical structure capable of containing a supply of kava root, said structure being submersible in a liquid to effect brewing of said kava, structurally supported to withstand being vigorously shaken inside of a larger shaker device while submerged in a liquid, capable of being opened, closed, and sealed to allow the addition and removal of kava, containing a plurality of perforations that are covered by a fine mesh screen capable of confining the kava inside the spherical structure; a means for brewing the kava beverage which will contain the aforementioned spherical structure and beverage medium. 8. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 7, wherein said means for brewing the kava beverage is a beverage shaker with removable top and secondary smaller lid which is capable of being filled with sufficient brewing medium and the aforementioned spherical structure and shaken vigorously. 9. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 7, wherein said spherical structure is comprised of two hemispheres constructed of corrosion resistant materials with mating threaded connections containing a plurality of larger perforations that are covered by a 200 mesh or finer, stainless steel mesh screen. 10. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 9, wherein said means for brewing the kava beverage is a beverage shaker with removable top and secondary smaller lid which is capable of being filled with sufficient brewing medium and the aforementioned spherical structure and shaken vigorously. 11. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 7, further comprising at least one weighted, corrosion resistant, spherical object which can be placed inside of the spherical structure along with the kava to accelerate and increase the efficiency of the brewing process. 12. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 11, wherein said spherical structure is comprised of two hemispheres constructed of corrosion resistant materials with mating threaded connections containing a plurality of larger perforations that are covered by a 200 mesh or finer, stainless steel mesh screen. 13. The kava beverage brewing assembly according to claim 12, wherein said means for brewing the kava beverage is a beverage shaker with removable top and secondary smaller lid which is capable of being filled with sufficient brewing medium and the aforementioned spherical structure and shaken vigorously. 14. A method of brewing a kava beverage, comprising the steps of:
providing an a filter apparatus filled with kava root; placing the filter apparatus into a means for brewing the kava beverage which will contain the aforementioned spherical structure and beverage medium; filling the aforementioned means for brewing the kava beverage with a brewing medium; securing the cap on the aforementioned means; vigorously agitating the means for brewing the kava beverage for a period of time, extracting the kavalactones from the kava root into the beverage medium. 15. The method of brewing a kava beverage as recited in claim 14, wherein said filter apparatus is comprised of a spherical structure capable of containing a supply of kava root, said structure being submersible in a liquid to effect brewing of said kava, structurally supported to withstand being vigorously shaken inside of a larger shaker device while submerged in a liquid, capable of being opened, closed, and sealed to allow the addition and removal of kava, containing a plurality of perforations that are covered by a fine mesh screen capable of confining kava inside the spherical structure. 16. The method of brewing a kava beverage as recited in claim 15, wherein said means for brewing the kava beverage is comprised of a beverage shaker with removable top and secondary smaller lid which is capable of being filled with sufficient brewing medium and the aforementioned spherical structure and shaken vigorously. 17. The method of brewing a kava beverage as recited in claim 16, wherein at least one smaller weighted spherical structure is placed inside the filter apparatus along with the kava root. 18. The method of brewing a kava beverage as recited in claim 14, wherein the filter apparatus is a disposable, sealed filter bag filled with kava root, capable of containing the kava to the filter bag. 19. The method of brewing a kava beverage as recited in claim 18, wherein at least one smaller weighted spherical structure is placed inside the filter apparatus along with the kava root. | 1,700 |
4,303 | 13,692,380 | 1,793 | A method for reducing the heating time of an egg patty includes adding an effective amount of a calcium additive to the egg patty, where the calcium additive reduces the microwave heating time required to achieve a target temperature as compared to an egg patty in which the calcium additive is not present. | 1. A method for reducing the heating time of an egg patty comprising adding an effective amount of a calcium additive to the egg patty, wherein the calcium additive reduces the microwave heating time required to achieve a target temperature as compared to an egg patty in which the calcium additive is not present. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the target temperature is the average temperature of the egg patty. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the average temperature of the egg patty is from about 48° C. to about 88° C. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the average temperature of the egg patty is from about 66° C. to about 71° C. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the average temperature of the egg patty is at least 71° C. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium additive comprises calcium chloride, calcium caseinate, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium phosphates, calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate gluconate, dehydrated whey, and a fraction or a mixture of any two or more thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium additive is present at about 0.02 wt % to about 0.15 wt %. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium additive comprises calcium chloride. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the calcium chloride comprises anhydrous calcium chloride. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium chloride comprises anhydrous calcium chloride. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium additive comprises dehydrated whey. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating time required to reach the target temperature is from about 60 seconds to about 120 seconds. 13. A composition comprising:
whole eggs, egg whites, egg yolks, a fraction thereof, or a mixture of any two or more thereof; and a calcium additive; wherein:
the composition is an egg patty; and
the composition exhibits a reduced microwave heating time required to achieve a target temperature, as compared to an egg patty in which the calcium additive is not present. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition is a pre-cooked egg patty. 15. The composition of claim 13, wherein calcium additive comprises calcium chloride, calcium caseinate, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium phosphates, calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate gluconate, or dehydrated whey. 16. The composition of claim 13, wherein the calcium additive is calcium chloride. 17. The composition of claim 13, wherein the calcium additive is dehydrated whey. 18. The composition of claim 13, wherein the calcium additive is present from about 0.02 wt % to about 0.15 wt %. 19. The composition of claim 13, wherein the calcium additive is present at about 0.1 wt %. 20. The composition of claim 13, wherein the microwave heating time is from about 60 second to about 75 seconds. 21. A comestible comprising the composition of claim 13, a bread product, and optionally one or more meat products. 22. The comestible of claim 21 that is a sandwich of the bread product and the composition. | A method for reducing the heating time of an egg patty includes adding an effective amount of a calcium additive to the egg patty, where the calcium additive reduces the microwave heating time required to achieve a target temperature as compared to an egg patty in which the calcium additive is not present.1. A method for reducing the heating time of an egg patty comprising adding an effective amount of a calcium additive to the egg patty, wherein the calcium additive reduces the microwave heating time required to achieve a target temperature as compared to an egg patty in which the calcium additive is not present. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the target temperature is the average temperature of the egg patty. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the average temperature of the egg patty is from about 48° C. to about 88° C. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the average temperature of the egg patty is from about 66° C. to about 71° C. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the average temperature of the egg patty is at least 71° C. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium additive comprises calcium chloride, calcium caseinate, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium phosphates, calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate gluconate, dehydrated whey, and a fraction or a mixture of any two or more thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium additive is present at about 0.02 wt % to about 0.15 wt %. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium additive comprises calcium chloride. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the calcium chloride comprises anhydrous calcium chloride. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium chloride comprises anhydrous calcium chloride. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium additive comprises dehydrated whey. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating time required to reach the target temperature is from about 60 seconds to about 120 seconds. 13. A composition comprising:
whole eggs, egg whites, egg yolks, a fraction thereof, or a mixture of any two or more thereof; and a calcium additive; wherein:
the composition is an egg patty; and
the composition exhibits a reduced microwave heating time required to achieve a target temperature, as compared to an egg patty in which the calcium additive is not present. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition is a pre-cooked egg patty. 15. The composition of claim 13, wherein calcium additive comprises calcium chloride, calcium caseinate, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium phosphates, calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate gluconate, or dehydrated whey. 16. The composition of claim 13, wherein the calcium additive is calcium chloride. 17. The composition of claim 13, wherein the calcium additive is dehydrated whey. 18. The composition of claim 13, wherein the calcium additive is present from about 0.02 wt % to about 0.15 wt %. 19. The composition of claim 13, wherein the calcium additive is present at about 0.1 wt %. 20. The composition of claim 13, wherein the microwave heating time is from about 60 second to about 75 seconds. 21. A comestible comprising the composition of claim 13, a bread product, and optionally one or more meat products. 22. The comestible of claim 21 that is a sandwich of the bread product and the composition. | 1,700 |
4,304 | 15,140,129 | 1,796 | Embodiments of the invention provide amperometric analyte sensors having optimized elements such as interference rejection membranes as well as methods for making and using such sensors. The amperometric analyte sensor apparatus comprises: a base layer; a conductive layer disposed on the base layer and comprising a working electrode; an interference rejection membrane disposed on an electroactive surface of the working electrode, wherein the interference rejection membrane comprises poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymers crosslinked by an acid crosslinker, wherein the crosslinker is a dicarboxylic acid type monomer or a polymer comprising a carboxylic acid group; and an analyte sensing layer. While embodiments of the innovation can be used in a variety of contexts, typical embodiments of the invention include glucose sensors used in the management of diabetes. | 1. An amperometric analyte sensor apparatus comprising:
a base layer; a conductive layer disposed on the base layer and comprising a working electrode; an interference rejection membrane disposed on an electroactive surface of the working electrode, wherein the interference rejection membrane comprises poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymers crosslinked by an acid crosslinker, wherein the crosslinker is a dicarboxylic acid type monomer or a polymer comprising a carboxylic acid group; and an analyte sensing layer. 2. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interference rejection membrane comprises 5 wt % poly(vinyl alcohol) crosslinked with 10-20 wt % crosslinker. 3. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer has a molecular weight (Mw) of at least 45K. 4. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interference rejection membrane inhibits the diffusion therethrough of compounds having a molecular weight greater than 140 Daltons. 5. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 5, wherein the interference rejection membrane inhibits the diffusion of acetaminophen therethrough in a manner that decreases a signal in the analyte sensor apparatus that results from a concentration of acetaminophen by at least 50% as compared to a control analyte sensor apparatus lacking the interference rejection membrane. 6. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the crosslinker is selected from the group consisting of sulfosuccinic acid (SSA), maleic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, poly(acrylic acid), poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) (PAM), succinic acid, malonic acid, and poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid). 7. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 6, wherein the crosslinker is sulfosuccinic acid. 8. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 7, wherein the interference rejection membrane comprises 5-35 wt % sulfosuccinic acid. 9. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 7, wherein the interference rejection membrane comprises 5 wt % poly(vinyl alcohol) crosslinked with 10 wt % sulfosuccinic acid. 10. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 6, wherein the crosslinker is poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid). 11. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the degree of hydrolysis of the poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer is from 87% to 98%. 12. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interference rejection membrane has a thickness of 0.3-2 μm. 13. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 12, wherein the interference rejection membrane has a thickness of 0.4-0.8 μm. 14. A method of making a sensor apparatus for implantation within a mammal comprising the steps of:
providing a base layer; forming a conductive layer on the base layer, wherein the conductive layer includes a working electrode; forming an interference rejection membrane over the working electrode, wherein the interference rejection membrane comprises poly(vinyl alcohol) polymers crosslinked with sulfosuccinic acid or poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid); forming an analyte sensing layer over the interference rejection membrane, wherein the analyte sensing layer includes an oxidoreductase; and forming an analyte modulating layer over the analyte sensing layer, wherein the analyte modulating layer includes a composition that modulates the diffusion of the analyte therethrough. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the interference rejection membrane comprises 5 wt % poly(vinyl alcohol) crosslinked with 10-20 wt % crosslinker. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein materials forming the interference rejection membrane and materials forming the analyte modulating layer are selected so that the diffusivity of O2 diffusion coefficient through said layers is at least 1.0×10−5 cm2/s. 17. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer has a molecular weight (Mw) of at least 45K. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the degree of hydrolysis of the poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer is from 87% to 98%. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the interference rejection membrane is between 0.3-2 μm thick, and formed on the electrode by a spin coating process at 400-1200 rpm and cured at a temperature between 130° C.-150° C. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the interference rejection membrane is between 0.4-0.8 μm thick, and formed on the electrode by a spin coating process at 400-500 rpm and cured at a temperature of 130° C. for at least 40 minutes. | Embodiments of the invention provide amperometric analyte sensors having optimized elements such as interference rejection membranes as well as methods for making and using such sensors. The amperometric analyte sensor apparatus comprises: a base layer; a conductive layer disposed on the base layer and comprising a working electrode; an interference rejection membrane disposed on an electroactive surface of the working electrode, wherein the interference rejection membrane comprises poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymers crosslinked by an acid crosslinker, wherein the crosslinker is a dicarboxylic acid type monomer or a polymer comprising a carboxylic acid group; and an analyte sensing layer. While embodiments of the innovation can be used in a variety of contexts, typical embodiments of the invention include glucose sensors used in the management of diabetes.1. An amperometric analyte sensor apparatus comprising:
a base layer; a conductive layer disposed on the base layer and comprising a working electrode; an interference rejection membrane disposed on an electroactive surface of the working electrode, wherein the interference rejection membrane comprises poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymers crosslinked by an acid crosslinker, wherein the crosslinker is a dicarboxylic acid type monomer or a polymer comprising a carboxylic acid group; and an analyte sensing layer. 2. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interference rejection membrane comprises 5 wt % poly(vinyl alcohol) crosslinked with 10-20 wt % crosslinker. 3. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer has a molecular weight (Mw) of at least 45K. 4. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interference rejection membrane inhibits the diffusion therethrough of compounds having a molecular weight greater than 140 Daltons. 5. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 5, wherein the interference rejection membrane inhibits the diffusion of acetaminophen therethrough in a manner that decreases a signal in the analyte sensor apparatus that results from a concentration of acetaminophen by at least 50% as compared to a control analyte sensor apparatus lacking the interference rejection membrane. 6. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the crosslinker is selected from the group consisting of sulfosuccinic acid (SSA), maleic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, poly(acrylic acid), poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) (PAM), succinic acid, malonic acid, and poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid). 7. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 6, wherein the crosslinker is sulfosuccinic acid. 8. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 7, wherein the interference rejection membrane comprises 5-35 wt % sulfosuccinic acid. 9. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 7, wherein the interference rejection membrane comprises 5 wt % poly(vinyl alcohol) crosslinked with 10 wt % sulfosuccinic acid. 10. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 6, wherein the crosslinker is poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid). 11. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the degree of hydrolysis of the poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer is from 87% to 98%. 12. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interference rejection membrane has a thickness of 0.3-2 μm. 13. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 12, wherein the interference rejection membrane has a thickness of 0.4-0.8 μm. 14. A method of making a sensor apparatus for implantation within a mammal comprising the steps of:
providing a base layer; forming a conductive layer on the base layer, wherein the conductive layer includes a working electrode; forming an interference rejection membrane over the working electrode, wherein the interference rejection membrane comprises poly(vinyl alcohol) polymers crosslinked with sulfosuccinic acid or poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid); forming an analyte sensing layer over the interference rejection membrane, wherein the analyte sensing layer includes an oxidoreductase; and forming an analyte modulating layer over the analyte sensing layer, wherein the analyte modulating layer includes a composition that modulates the diffusion of the analyte therethrough. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the interference rejection membrane comprises 5 wt % poly(vinyl alcohol) crosslinked with 10-20 wt % crosslinker. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein materials forming the interference rejection membrane and materials forming the analyte modulating layer are selected so that the diffusivity of O2 diffusion coefficient through said layers is at least 1.0×10−5 cm2/s. 17. The analyte sensor apparatus of claim 1, wherein the poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer has a molecular weight (Mw) of at least 45K. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the degree of hydrolysis of the poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer is from 87% to 98%. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the interference rejection membrane is between 0.3-2 μm thick, and formed on the electrode by a spin coating process at 400-1200 rpm and cured at a temperature between 130° C.-150° C. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the interference rejection membrane is between 0.4-0.8 μm thick, and formed on the electrode by a spin coating process at 400-500 rpm and cured at a temperature of 130° C. for at least 40 minutes. | 1,700 |
4,305 | 15,405,561 | 1,712 | A process for the production of a coated rubber item, comprising:
(i) provision of a semifinished product having the main shape of the rubber item, where the semifinished product is composed of a rubber composition comprising at least one rubber and at least one crosslinking agent; (ii) coating of the semifinished product with a solvent-free coating composition comprising at least one monomer amenable to free-radical polymerization, (iii) crosslinking of the rubber composition and polymerization of the coating composition, to give a coated rubber item;
wherein the boiling point of the at least one monomer amenable to free-radical polymerization is ≧150° C. and the crosslinking of the rubber composition takes place at the same time as the polymerization of the coating composition. | 1. A process for the production of a coated rubber item, comprising the following steps:
(i) providing a semifinished product having the main shape of the rubber item, wherein the semifinished product is composed of a rubber composition comprising at least one rubber and at least one crosslinking agent; (ii) coating the semifinished product with a solvent-free coating composition comprising at least one monomer amenable to free-radical polymerization, and (iii) crosslinking of the rubber composition and polymerization of the coating composition, to give a coated rubber item; characterized in that the boiling point of the at least one monomer amenable to free-radical polymerization is ≧150° C. and the crosslinking of the rubber composition takes place at the same time as the polymerization of the coating composition. 2. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the crosslinking agent is a peroxide compound. 3. The process according to claim 1 characterized in that the coating composition comprises a friction-reducing additive and optionally at least one thermal initiator. 4. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one monomer amenable to free-radical polymerization has at least one functional group selected from an acrylate group, a methacrylate group, an acrylamide group, a methacrylamide group, a styryl group and a vinyl group. 5. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass transition temperature TG of the homopolymer of the monomer or of the copolymer of the monomer mixture is below 20° C., measured by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 6. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the melting point of the at least one monomer amenable to free-radical polymerization is above 60° C. 7. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that step (iii) is carried out in a salt bath. 8. A coated rubber item comprising a structure made of crosslinked rubber on which a polymer layer obtained via free-radical polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers with boiling point ≧150° C. has been grafted. 9. A method of producing a friction-reducing coating, the method comprising
a) applying, to a surface requiring coating, a coating composition comprising the following: at least one monomer with boiling point above 150° C. amenable to free-radical polymerization, at least one friction-reducing additive and at least one thermal initiator, and b) heating the coated surface to a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the initiator. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the surface is the surface of a rubber item or is the surface of an article across which a rubber item is intended to slide. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the rubber item is a wiper-rubber profile (10) of a windshield wiper and the article over which the rubber item is intended to slide is a windshield. | A process for the production of a coated rubber item, comprising:
(i) provision of a semifinished product having the main shape of the rubber item, where the semifinished product is composed of a rubber composition comprising at least one rubber and at least one crosslinking agent; (ii) coating of the semifinished product with a solvent-free coating composition comprising at least one monomer amenable to free-radical polymerization, (iii) crosslinking of the rubber composition and polymerization of the coating composition, to give a coated rubber item;
wherein the boiling point of the at least one monomer amenable to free-radical polymerization is ≧150° C. and the crosslinking of the rubber composition takes place at the same time as the polymerization of the coating composition.1. A process for the production of a coated rubber item, comprising the following steps:
(i) providing a semifinished product having the main shape of the rubber item, wherein the semifinished product is composed of a rubber composition comprising at least one rubber and at least one crosslinking agent; (ii) coating the semifinished product with a solvent-free coating composition comprising at least one monomer amenable to free-radical polymerization, and (iii) crosslinking of the rubber composition and polymerization of the coating composition, to give a coated rubber item; characterized in that the boiling point of the at least one monomer amenable to free-radical polymerization is ≧150° C. and the crosslinking of the rubber composition takes place at the same time as the polymerization of the coating composition. 2. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the crosslinking agent is a peroxide compound. 3. The process according to claim 1 characterized in that the coating composition comprises a friction-reducing additive and optionally at least one thermal initiator. 4. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one monomer amenable to free-radical polymerization has at least one functional group selected from an acrylate group, a methacrylate group, an acrylamide group, a methacrylamide group, a styryl group and a vinyl group. 5. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass transition temperature TG of the homopolymer of the monomer or of the copolymer of the monomer mixture is below 20° C., measured by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 6. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the melting point of the at least one monomer amenable to free-radical polymerization is above 60° C. 7. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that step (iii) is carried out in a salt bath. 8. A coated rubber item comprising a structure made of crosslinked rubber on which a polymer layer obtained via free-radical polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers with boiling point ≧150° C. has been grafted. 9. A method of producing a friction-reducing coating, the method comprising
a) applying, to a surface requiring coating, a coating composition comprising the following: at least one monomer with boiling point above 150° C. amenable to free-radical polymerization, at least one friction-reducing additive and at least one thermal initiator, and b) heating the coated surface to a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the initiator. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the surface is the surface of a rubber item or is the surface of an article across which a rubber item is intended to slide. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the rubber item is a wiper-rubber profile (10) of a windshield wiper and the article over which the rubber item is intended to slide is a windshield. | 1,700 |
4,306 | 12,817,310 | 1,711 | Methods and apparatuses for integrated cleaning of objects comprising a sequence of wet cleaning and vacuum drying in a same process chamber. The present integrated cleaning process can eliminate moving parts, improving the system reliability. Vacuum decontamination can be included for degassing and decontaminating the cleaned objects. In an embodiment, a cleaner system combines various movements into an integrated movement to be handled by a robot, for example, to improve the throughput. For example, an integrated robot movement comprising picking up a closed container from the input load port, moving both the lid and body together, and then depositing the body and lid separately into the appropriate positions in the cleaner to be cleaned. | 1. An apparatus for transferring articles comprising multiple portions, the apparatus comprising:
a transferring mechanism for holding an article and for transferring the article between a first station and a second station, wherein the transferring mechanism accepts the article from the first station or delivers the article to the first station; a portion transfer mechanism for transferring individual portions of the article to or from separate locations of the second station, wherein the apparatus detaches the multiple portions during transferring from the first station to the second station or attaches the multiple portions during transfer from the second station to the first station. 2. An apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising:
an access mechanism for locking or unlocking the multiple portions of the article. 3. A cleaner system for cleaning containers, each container comprising at least a container body and a container lid, the system comprising:
one or more load ports for holding a container; a cleaning chamber for cleaning the container in separated configuration, wherein the container body and lid are detached and disposed in separate locations in the cleaning chamber; a transfer mechanism for transfer the container between a load port of the one or more load ports and the cleaning chamber, wherein the transfer mechanism transfers the container with the body and lid in assembled configuration at the load ports and transfers the container with the body and lid in disassembled and separated configuration at the cleaning chamber, and wherein the transfer mechanism assembles or disassembles the body and the lid on-the-fly during transferring. 4. A cleaner system as in claim 3 wherein the transfer mechanism comprises one of a locking mechanism for locking the body and lid together and an unlocking mechanism for unlocking the body and lid. 5. A cleaner system as in claim 3 wherein the transfer mechanism comprises a portion transfer mechanism for sequentially or parallely delivering the body and the lid into separate locations in the cleaning chamber. 6. A cleaner system as in claim 3 wherein the transfer mechanism comprises a portion transfer mechanism for sequentially or parallely accepting the body and the lid from separate locations in the cleaning chamber. 7. A method for transferring an article comprising multiple portions, the method comprising:
transferring an article with the multiple portions in assembled configuration between a first station and a transfer mechanism; moving the article, by the transfer mechanism, between the first station and a second station; transferring the multiple portions of the article between a second station and the transfer mechanism, wherein the multiple portions are disposed in separate locations in the second station. 8. A method as in claim 7 wherein the article is a container comprising a body portion and a lid portion. 9. A method as in claim 7 wherein transferring an article with the multiple portions in assembled configuration between a first station and a transfer mechanism comprises accepting an article having multiple portions locked together from the first station to the transfer mechanism. 10. A method as in claim 7 wherein transferring an article with the multiple portions in assembled configuration between a first station and a transfer mechanism comprises delivering an article having multiple portions locked together from the transfer mechanism to the first station. 11. A method as in claim 7 further comprising:
unlocking the multiple portions during moving the article. 12. A method as in claim 7 further comprising:
locking the multiple portions during moving the article. 13. A method as in claim 7 further comprising:
disassembling the multiple portions during moving the article. 14. A method as in claim 7 further comprising:
assembling the multiple portions during moving the article. 15. A method as in claim 7 wherein transferring the multiple portions of the article between a second station and the transfer mechanism comprises sequentially delivering multiple portions from the transfer mechanism to their appropriate locations in the second station. 16. A method as in claim 7 wherein transferring the multiple portions of the article between a second station and the transfer mechanism comprises parallely delivering multiple portions from the transfer mechanism to their appropriate locations in the second station. 17. A method as in claim 7 wherein transferring the multiple portions of the article between a second station and the transfer mechanism comprises sequentially accepting multiple portions from their appropriate locations in the second station to the transfer mechanism. 18. A method as in claim 7 wherein transferring the multiple portions of the article between a second station and the transfer mechanism comprises parallely accepting multiple portions from their appropriate locations in the second station to the transfer mechanism. 19. A method as in claim 7 further comprising:
cleaning the multiple portions in the second station. 20. A method as in claim 7 further comprising:
sequentially cleaning and vacuum drying the multiple portions in the second station. | Methods and apparatuses for integrated cleaning of objects comprising a sequence of wet cleaning and vacuum drying in a same process chamber. The present integrated cleaning process can eliminate moving parts, improving the system reliability. Vacuum decontamination can be included for degassing and decontaminating the cleaned objects. In an embodiment, a cleaner system combines various movements into an integrated movement to be handled by a robot, for example, to improve the throughput. For example, an integrated robot movement comprising picking up a closed container from the input load port, moving both the lid and body together, and then depositing the body and lid separately into the appropriate positions in the cleaner to be cleaned.1. An apparatus for transferring articles comprising multiple portions, the apparatus comprising:
a transferring mechanism for holding an article and for transferring the article between a first station and a second station, wherein the transferring mechanism accepts the article from the first station or delivers the article to the first station; a portion transfer mechanism for transferring individual portions of the article to or from separate locations of the second station, wherein the apparatus detaches the multiple portions during transferring from the first station to the second station or attaches the multiple portions during transfer from the second station to the first station. 2. An apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising:
an access mechanism for locking or unlocking the multiple portions of the article. 3. A cleaner system for cleaning containers, each container comprising at least a container body and a container lid, the system comprising:
one or more load ports for holding a container; a cleaning chamber for cleaning the container in separated configuration, wherein the container body and lid are detached and disposed in separate locations in the cleaning chamber; a transfer mechanism for transfer the container between a load port of the one or more load ports and the cleaning chamber, wherein the transfer mechanism transfers the container with the body and lid in assembled configuration at the load ports and transfers the container with the body and lid in disassembled and separated configuration at the cleaning chamber, and wherein the transfer mechanism assembles or disassembles the body and the lid on-the-fly during transferring. 4. A cleaner system as in claim 3 wherein the transfer mechanism comprises one of a locking mechanism for locking the body and lid together and an unlocking mechanism for unlocking the body and lid. 5. A cleaner system as in claim 3 wherein the transfer mechanism comprises a portion transfer mechanism for sequentially or parallely delivering the body and the lid into separate locations in the cleaning chamber. 6. A cleaner system as in claim 3 wherein the transfer mechanism comprises a portion transfer mechanism for sequentially or parallely accepting the body and the lid from separate locations in the cleaning chamber. 7. A method for transferring an article comprising multiple portions, the method comprising:
transferring an article with the multiple portions in assembled configuration between a first station and a transfer mechanism; moving the article, by the transfer mechanism, between the first station and a second station; transferring the multiple portions of the article between a second station and the transfer mechanism, wherein the multiple portions are disposed in separate locations in the second station. 8. A method as in claim 7 wherein the article is a container comprising a body portion and a lid portion. 9. A method as in claim 7 wherein transferring an article with the multiple portions in assembled configuration between a first station and a transfer mechanism comprises accepting an article having multiple portions locked together from the first station to the transfer mechanism. 10. A method as in claim 7 wherein transferring an article with the multiple portions in assembled configuration between a first station and a transfer mechanism comprises delivering an article having multiple portions locked together from the transfer mechanism to the first station. 11. A method as in claim 7 further comprising:
unlocking the multiple portions during moving the article. 12. A method as in claim 7 further comprising:
locking the multiple portions during moving the article. 13. A method as in claim 7 further comprising:
disassembling the multiple portions during moving the article. 14. A method as in claim 7 further comprising:
assembling the multiple portions during moving the article. 15. A method as in claim 7 wherein transferring the multiple portions of the article between a second station and the transfer mechanism comprises sequentially delivering multiple portions from the transfer mechanism to their appropriate locations in the second station. 16. A method as in claim 7 wherein transferring the multiple portions of the article between a second station and the transfer mechanism comprises parallely delivering multiple portions from the transfer mechanism to their appropriate locations in the second station. 17. A method as in claim 7 wherein transferring the multiple portions of the article between a second station and the transfer mechanism comprises sequentially accepting multiple portions from their appropriate locations in the second station to the transfer mechanism. 18. A method as in claim 7 wherein transferring the multiple portions of the article between a second station and the transfer mechanism comprises parallely accepting multiple portions from their appropriate locations in the second station to the transfer mechanism. 19. A method as in claim 7 further comprising:
cleaning the multiple portions in the second station. 20. A method as in claim 7 further comprising:
sequentially cleaning and vacuum drying the multiple portions in the second station. | 1,700 |
4,307 | 14,388,301 | 1,767 | An electrical device containing a dielectric fluid, the dielectric fluid comprising heptafluoroisobutyronitrile or 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy) propanenitrile. | 1. An electrical device comprising a dielectric fluid according to the formula: (i) (CF3)2CFCN; or (ii) CF3CF(OCF3)CN. 2. The electrical device of claim 1, further comprising a reservoir, wherein the reservoir contains an amount of the dielectric fluid in liquid form. 3. The electrical device of claim 1, wherein the electrical device is selected from the group consisting of: gas-insulated circuit breakers, current-interruption equipment, gas-insulated transmission lines, gas-insulated transformers, and gas-insulated substations. 4. The electrical device of claim 1, further comprising a second dielectric fluid having a vapor pressure of at least about 70 kPa at 0° C. 5. The electrical device of claim 4, wherein the second dielectric gas is selected from nitrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide (N2O), helium, argon, air or a perfluoroalkane. 6. A dielectric composition comprising:
a fluid according to the formula: (i) (CF3)2CFCN,or (ii) CF3CF(OCF3)CN; and a gaseous dielectric comprising an inert gas having a vapor pressure of at least about 70 kPa at 0° C. 7. The dielectric composition of claim 6, wherein a ratio of the vapor pressure of the gaseous dielectric to the fluid is at least about 2.5:1. 8. The dielectric composition of claim 6, wherein the inert gas is selected from nitrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide (N2O), helium, air and argon. 9. A dielectric composition for use in an electrical device as an insulator, comprising:
a fluid according to the formula: (i) (CF3)2CFCN, or (ii) CF3CF(OCF3)CN. 10. The dielectric composition of claim 9, further comprising a dielectric gas having a vapor pressure of at least about 70 kPa at 0° C. 11. The dielectric composition of claim 10, wherein a ratio of the vapor pressure of the dielectric gas to the fluid is at least about 2.5:1. | An electrical device containing a dielectric fluid, the dielectric fluid comprising heptafluoroisobutyronitrile or 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy) propanenitrile.1. An electrical device comprising a dielectric fluid according to the formula: (i) (CF3)2CFCN; or (ii) CF3CF(OCF3)CN. 2. The electrical device of claim 1, further comprising a reservoir, wherein the reservoir contains an amount of the dielectric fluid in liquid form. 3. The electrical device of claim 1, wherein the electrical device is selected from the group consisting of: gas-insulated circuit breakers, current-interruption equipment, gas-insulated transmission lines, gas-insulated transformers, and gas-insulated substations. 4. The electrical device of claim 1, further comprising a second dielectric fluid having a vapor pressure of at least about 70 kPa at 0° C. 5. The electrical device of claim 4, wherein the second dielectric gas is selected from nitrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide (N2O), helium, argon, air or a perfluoroalkane. 6. A dielectric composition comprising:
a fluid according to the formula: (i) (CF3)2CFCN,or (ii) CF3CF(OCF3)CN; and a gaseous dielectric comprising an inert gas having a vapor pressure of at least about 70 kPa at 0° C. 7. The dielectric composition of claim 6, wherein a ratio of the vapor pressure of the gaseous dielectric to the fluid is at least about 2.5:1. 8. The dielectric composition of claim 6, wherein the inert gas is selected from nitrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide (N2O), helium, air and argon. 9. A dielectric composition for use in an electrical device as an insulator, comprising:
a fluid according to the formula: (i) (CF3)2CFCN, or (ii) CF3CF(OCF3)CN. 10. The dielectric composition of claim 9, further comprising a dielectric gas having a vapor pressure of at least about 70 kPa at 0° C. 11. The dielectric composition of claim 10, wherein a ratio of the vapor pressure of the dielectric gas to the fluid is at least about 2.5:1. | 1,700 |
4,308 | 14,910,831 | 1,721 | The present disclosure provides a photovoltaic device that has a photon receiving surface and a first single homojunction silicon solar cell. The first single homojunction silicon solar cell comprises two doped silicon portions with opposite polarities and has a first bandgap. The photovoltaic device further comprises a second solar cell structure that has an absorber material with a Perovskite structure and has a second bandgap that is larger than the first bandgap. The photovoltaic device is arranged such that each of the first and second solar cells absorb a portion of the photons that are received by the photon receiving surface. | 1. A photovoltaic device comprising:
a photon receiving surface; a first single homojunction silicon solar cell comprising two doped silicon portions with opposite polarities and having a first bandgap; and a second solar cell structure comprising an absorber material that has a Perovskite structure and having a second bandgap that is larger than the first bandgap; wherein the photovoltaic device is arranged such that each of the first and second solar cells absorb a portion of the photons that are received by the photon receiving surface. 2. (canceled) 3. The photovoltaic device according to claim 1 wherein the first silicon solar cell has a junction region having dopant atoms associated with a first polarity and which are diffused into silicon material of a second polarity. 4-6. (canceled) 7. A photovoltaic device comprising:
a photon receiving surface; a first single silicon solar cell comprising two doped silicon portions with opposite polarities and having a first bandgap; a second solar cell structure comprising an absorber material that has a Perovskite structure and has a second bandgap that is larger than the first bandgap; and at least one third solar cell structure comprising a material that has a Perovskite structure and having a third bandgap that is larger than the second bandgap; and wherein the photovoltaic device is arranged such that each of the first, second and at least one third solar cell structures absorb a portion of the photons that are received by the photon receiving surface. 8-9. (canceled) 10. The photovoltaic device according to claim 1 further comprising an interconnecting region disposed in proximity to a portion of the first solar cell and arranged to facilitate the transport of charge carriers from one the solar cell to another. 11. The photovoltaic device according to claim 4 wherein the interconnecting region includes the portion of the first solar cell. 12. The photovoltaic device according to claim 4 wherein the interconnecting region comprises a transparent conductive oxide layer or a doped semiconductor layer with a higher bandgap than the first bandgap. 13. The photovoltaic device according to claim 4 wherein the portion of the first solar cell is a surface portion and has a sheet resistivity between 5 and 300 Ohm/square along the planar direction of the surface portion. 14. The photovoltaic device according to claim 7 wherein the surface portion has a resistivity between 10 and 30 Ohm/square along the planar direction of the surface portion. 15. (canceled) 16. The photovoltaic device according to claim 4 wherein the interconnecting region includes a portion of the second solar cell. 17. The photovoltaic device according to claim 4 wherein the interconnecting region comprises a region with a concentration of electrically active defects above 1018 cm−3. 18-19. (canceled) 20. The photovoltaic device according to claim 1 wherein the first solar cell is a mono-crystalline silicon solar cell configured as a Passivated Emitter and Rear Locally-diffused (PERL) silicon solar cell. 21. (canceled) 22. The photovoltaic device according to claim 1 wherein the second solar cell structure is a thin film solid state solar cell. 23-25. (canceled) 26. The photovoltaic device according to claim 1 wherein the absorber material of the second solar cell comprises a self-assembled inorganic-organic compound. 27. (canceled) 28. The photovoltaic device according to claim 13 wherein the light absorbing layer comprises any one or a combination of MAPb(I(1-X)BrX)3, MAPb(1-X)SnXI3, Al2O3, SrTiO3 and TiO2. 29. (canceled) 30. The photovoltaic device according to claim 14 wherein the bandgaps of one or more solar cells are tuned by controlling the amount of Br, Sn or the organic cation employed during the manufacturing of the photovoltaic device. 31-32. (canceled) 33. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate; forming a first single silicon homojunction solar cell using the substrate, the first solar cell comprising two doped silicon portions with opposite polarities and, having a first bandgap; and depositing at least one second solar cell structure over the first solar cell structure, the at least one second solar cell structure comprising an absorber material that has a Perovskite structure and having a second bandgap that is larger than the first bandgap. 34. The method according to claim 16 wherein the substrate is a silicon substrate and the first solar cell has a p-n junction. 35-36. (canceled) 37. The method according to claim 16 further comprising the step of forming an interconnecting region between the first and the second solar cell arranged to facilitate the transport of charge carriers from one solar cell to another. 38. The method according to claim 18 wherein the step of forming the interconnecting region comprises the step of processing a surface between the first and the second solar cell in manner such that the carrier recombination velocity at the surface is increased. 39. (canceled) 40. The method according to claim 16 wherein the step of depositing at least one second solar cell structure over the first solar cell comprises a self-assembling deposition step, a spin coating step, a CVD step, or a PVD step. | The present disclosure provides a photovoltaic device that has a photon receiving surface and a first single homojunction silicon solar cell. The first single homojunction silicon solar cell comprises two doped silicon portions with opposite polarities and has a first bandgap. The photovoltaic device further comprises a second solar cell structure that has an absorber material with a Perovskite structure and has a second bandgap that is larger than the first bandgap. The photovoltaic device is arranged such that each of the first and second solar cells absorb a portion of the photons that are received by the photon receiving surface.1. A photovoltaic device comprising:
a photon receiving surface; a first single homojunction silicon solar cell comprising two doped silicon portions with opposite polarities and having a first bandgap; and a second solar cell structure comprising an absorber material that has a Perovskite structure and having a second bandgap that is larger than the first bandgap; wherein the photovoltaic device is arranged such that each of the first and second solar cells absorb a portion of the photons that are received by the photon receiving surface. 2. (canceled) 3. The photovoltaic device according to claim 1 wherein the first silicon solar cell has a junction region having dopant atoms associated with a first polarity and which are diffused into silicon material of a second polarity. 4-6. (canceled) 7. A photovoltaic device comprising:
a photon receiving surface; a first single silicon solar cell comprising two doped silicon portions with opposite polarities and having a first bandgap; a second solar cell structure comprising an absorber material that has a Perovskite structure and has a second bandgap that is larger than the first bandgap; and at least one third solar cell structure comprising a material that has a Perovskite structure and having a third bandgap that is larger than the second bandgap; and wherein the photovoltaic device is arranged such that each of the first, second and at least one third solar cell structures absorb a portion of the photons that are received by the photon receiving surface. 8-9. (canceled) 10. The photovoltaic device according to claim 1 further comprising an interconnecting region disposed in proximity to a portion of the first solar cell and arranged to facilitate the transport of charge carriers from one the solar cell to another. 11. The photovoltaic device according to claim 4 wherein the interconnecting region includes the portion of the first solar cell. 12. The photovoltaic device according to claim 4 wherein the interconnecting region comprises a transparent conductive oxide layer or a doped semiconductor layer with a higher bandgap than the first bandgap. 13. The photovoltaic device according to claim 4 wherein the portion of the first solar cell is a surface portion and has a sheet resistivity between 5 and 300 Ohm/square along the planar direction of the surface portion. 14. The photovoltaic device according to claim 7 wherein the surface portion has a resistivity between 10 and 30 Ohm/square along the planar direction of the surface portion. 15. (canceled) 16. The photovoltaic device according to claim 4 wherein the interconnecting region includes a portion of the second solar cell. 17. The photovoltaic device according to claim 4 wherein the interconnecting region comprises a region with a concentration of electrically active defects above 1018 cm−3. 18-19. (canceled) 20. The photovoltaic device according to claim 1 wherein the first solar cell is a mono-crystalline silicon solar cell configured as a Passivated Emitter and Rear Locally-diffused (PERL) silicon solar cell. 21. (canceled) 22. The photovoltaic device according to claim 1 wherein the second solar cell structure is a thin film solid state solar cell. 23-25. (canceled) 26. The photovoltaic device according to claim 1 wherein the absorber material of the second solar cell comprises a self-assembled inorganic-organic compound. 27. (canceled) 28. The photovoltaic device according to claim 13 wherein the light absorbing layer comprises any one or a combination of MAPb(I(1-X)BrX)3, MAPb(1-X)SnXI3, Al2O3, SrTiO3 and TiO2. 29. (canceled) 30. The photovoltaic device according to claim 14 wherein the bandgaps of one or more solar cells are tuned by controlling the amount of Br, Sn or the organic cation employed during the manufacturing of the photovoltaic device. 31-32. (canceled) 33. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate; forming a first single silicon homojunction solar cell using the substrate, the first solar cell comprising two doped silicon portions with opposite polarities and, having a first bandgap; and depositing at least one second solar cell structure over the first solar cell structure, the at least one second solar cell structure comprising an absorber material that has a Perovskite structure and having a second bandgap that is larger than the first bandgap. 34. The method according to claim 16 wherein the substrate is a silicon substrate and the first solar cell has a p-n junction. 35-36. (canceled) 37. The method according to claim 16 further comprising the step of forming an interconnecting region between the first and the second solar cell arranged to facilitate the transport of charge carriers from one solar cell to another. 38. The method according to claim 18 wherein the step of forming the interconnecting region comprises the step of processing a surface between the first and the second solar cell in manner such that the carrier recombination velocity at the surface is increased. 39. (canceled) 40. The method according to claim 16 wherein the step of depositing at least one second solar cell structure over the first solar cell comprises a self-assembling deposition step, a spin coating step, a CVD step, or a PVD step. | 1,700 |
4,309 | 15,527,199 | 1,792 | A bacon analogue or a reconstructed bacon product having a first component with about 42% lean meat, such as a lean pork muscle and about 58% fat and a second component with at least about 85% lean meat, such as a lean pork muscle is provided. The bacon analogue may have a ratio of first to second components of between about 35:65 to about 65:35 and a total fat percentage of about 28% to about 48%. In another configuration, the ratio of first to second components is about 25:75 to about 75:25. In one approach, the bacon analogue is free from alginate binders and free of emulsified meat. In one configuration, the first and the second components are ground to a size of about 0.125-inch to 0.5-inch. After the first and second components are separately mixed and cured, the components are pumped together into a marbled slab having an appearance similar to a pork-belly, which may then be sliced. | 1. A bacon-analogue product comprising:
a first component including pork fat trim having about 42% lean pork muscle and about 58% fat; a second component including a lean trim having about 85% lean pork muscle or higher; wherein the first component has a first meat piece size of between about 0.125-inch to about 0.5-inch and the second component has a second meat piece size of between about 0.125-inch to about 0.5-inch; and wherein a ratio of the first component to the second component in the bacon-analogue product is between about 35:65 to about 65:35 and wherein the product comprises a plurality of slices, each of which has an appearance similar to that of a slice of bacon. 2. The bacon-analogue product of claim 1 wherein a total raw fat percentage of the bacon-analogue product is about 28% to about 48%. 3. The bacon-analogue product of any one of the preceding claims claim 1 wherein the second component comprises at least one of:
an extra trim ham including at least one of inside pork muscles, outside pork muscles, knuckle pork muscles, and light pork butt muscles; or
a chopped ham having about 95% lean muscle. 4. The bacon-analogue product of claim 1 wherein the bacon-analogue product is free from at least one of alginate binders and emulsified meat. 5.-6. (canceled) 7. The bacon-analogue product of claim 1 wherein the bacon-analogue product comprises about 90-95% pork fat trim and lean trim and about 5-10% added ingredients. 8.-10. (canceled) 11. The bacon-analogue product of claim 1 wherein the second component further comprises a portion of pork fat trim. 12. The bacon-analogue product of claim 11 wherein about 85% of the second component comprises the lean trim and about 15% of the second component comprises the pork fat trim. 13. (canceled) 14. A bacon-analogue product comprising:
a first component including pork fat trim having about 42% lean pork muscle and about 58% fat; a second component including a lean ham trim having 85% lean pork muscle or higher; wherein the first component has a first meat piece size of between about 0.125-inch to about 0.25-inch and the second component has a second meat piece size of between about 0.125-inch to about 0.5-inch; and wherein a ratio of the first component to the second component in the bacon-analogue product is between about 35:65 to about 65:35 and the first and second components are disposed in an irregular, marbled slab. 15.-16. (canceled) 17. The bacon-analogue product of claim 14 wherein the marbled slab is configured to be sliced into bacon-analogue slices and arranged in a shingled configuration. 18.-20. (canceled) 21. The bacon-analogue product of claim 14 wherein the second component further comprises a portion of pork fat trim, and wherein about 85% of the second component comprises the lean ham trim and about 15% of the second component comprises the pork fat trim. 22.-23. (canceled) 24. A process comprising:
providing a first meat stream comprising a pork fat trim with about 42% lean pork muscle and about 58% fat; chopping the pork fat trim with a first plate having first plate openings of about 0.25-inch; mixing the pork fat trim with a first cure mixture; providing a second meat stream comprising a lean trim having about 85% lean pork muscle or higher; chopping the lean trim with a second plate having second plate openings of between about 0.125-inch and about 0.5-inch; mixing the lean trim with a second cure mixture; and pumping the first and second meat streams together to create a marbled slab. 25. The process of claim 24 further comprising thermally processing the marbled slab in a stepped process. 26. The process of claim 25 further comprising chilling the marbled slab after the thermal processing. 27. The process of claim 24 further comprising slicing the marbled slab to produce bacon analogue slices. 28. The process of claim 24 wherein pumping the first and second meat streams together initially combines the first and second meat streams at a ratio of first meat stream to second meat stream of between about 35:65 to about 65:35. 29.-33. (canceled) 34. The process of claim 24 wherein the pumping of the first and second meat streams further comprises advancing the first and second meat streams through an extrusion horn to combine the first and the second meat streams into the marbled slab. 35. The process of claim 24 wherein the second meat stream further comprises a portion of pork fat trim and wherein about 85% of the second meat stream comprises the lean trim and about 15% of the second meat stream comprises the pork fat trim. 36. (canceled) 37. The process of claim 35 further comprising chopping the lean trim of the second meat stream with a second plate having second plate openings of 0.5-inch and chopping the pork fat trim of the second meat stream with a third plate having third plate openings of 0.125-inch. 38.-53. (canceled) 54. A process comprising:
providing a first meat component comprising a meat with about 20% to about 42% lean meat and about 58% to about 80% fat; chopping the first meat component with a first plate having first plate openings of about 0.125 to about 0.25-inch; mixing the first meat component with a first cure mixture; providing a second meat component having a lean content with about 72% to about 90% lean meat and about 10% to about 28% fat; chopping the lean content with a second plate having second plate openings of about 0.125-inch to about 0.5-inch; and wherein the first and second meat streams together are combined at a ratio of first meat stream to second meat stream of about 25:75 to about 75:25. 55. The process of claim 54 wherein pumping the first and second meat streams occurs at a ratio of the first meat stream to the second meat stream of about 70-to-30 such that a first pump advancing the first meat stream operates faster than a second pump advancing the second meat stream. | A bacon analogue or a reconstructed bacon product having a first component with about 42% lean meat, such as a lean pork muscle and about 58% fat and a second component with at least about 85% lean meat, such as a lean pork muscle is provided. The bacon analogue may have a ratio of first to second components of between about 35:65 to about 65:35 and a total fat percentage of about 28% to about 48%. In another configuration, the ratio of first to second components is about 25:75 to about 75:25. In one approach, the bacon analogue is free from alginate binders and free of emulsified meat. In one configuration, the first and the second components are ground to a size of about 0.125-inch to 0.5-inch. After the first and second components are separately mixed and cured, the components are pumped together into a marbled slab having an appearance similar to a pork-belly, which may then be sliced.1. A bacon-analogue product comprising:
a first component including pork fat trim having about 42% lean pork muscle and about 58% fat; a second component including a lean trim having about 85% lean pork muscle or higher; wherein the first component has a first meat piece size of between about 0.125-inch to about 0.5-inch and the second component has a second meat piece size of between about 0.125-inch to about 0.5-inch; and wherein a ratio of the first component to the second component in the bacon-analogue product is between about 35:65 to about 65:35 and wherein the product comprises a plurality of slices, each of which has an appearance similar to that of a slice of bacon. 2. The bacon-analogue product of claim 1 wherein a total raw fat percentage of the bacon-analogue product is about 28% to about 48%. 3. The bacon-analogue product of any one of the preceding claims claim 1 wherein the second component comprises at least one of:
an extra trim ham including at least one of inside pork muscles, outside pork muscles, knuckle pork muscles, and light pork butt muscles; or
a chopped ham having about 95% lean muscle. 4. The bacon-analogue product of claim 1 wherein the bacon-analogue product is free from at least one of alginate binders and emulsified meat. 5.-6. (canceled) 7. The bacon-analogue product of claim 1 wherein the bacon-analogue product comprises about 90-95% pork fat trim and lean trim and about 5-10% added ingredients. 8.-10. (canceled) 11. The bacon-analogue product of claim 1 wherein the second component further comprises a portion of pork fat trim. 12. The bacon-analogue product of claim 11 wherein about 85% of the second component comprises the lean trim and about 15% of the second component comprises the pork fat trim. 13. (canceled) 14. A bacon-analogue product comprising:
a first component including pork fat trim having about 42% lean pork muscle and about 58% fat; a second component including a lean ham trim having 85% lean pork muscle or higher; wherein the first component has a first meat piece size of between about 0.125-inch to about 0.25-inch and the second component has a second meat piece size of between about 0.125-inch to about 0.5-inch; and wherein a ratio of the first component to the second component in the bacon-analogue product is between about 35:65 to about 65:35 and the first and second components are disposed in an irregular, marbled slab. 15.-16. (canceled) 17. The bacon-analogue product of claim 14 wherein the marbled slab is configured to be sliced into bacon-analogue slices and arranged in a shingled configuration. 18.-20. (canceled) 21. The bacon-analogue product of claim 14 wherein the second component further comprises a portion of pork fat trim, and wherein about 85% of the second component comprises the lean ham trim and about 15% of the second component comprises the pork fat trim. 22.-23. (canceled) 24. A process comprising:
providing a first meat stream comprising a pork fat trim with about 42% lean pork muscle and about 58% fat; chopping the pork fat trim with a first plate having first plate openings of about 0.25-inch; mixing the pork fat trim with a first cure mixture; providing a second meat stream comprising a lean trim having about 85% lean pork muscle or higher; chopping the lean trim with a second plate having second plate openings of between about 0.125-inch and about 0.5-inch; mixing the lean trim with a second cure mixture; and pumping the first and second meat streams together to create a marbled slab. 25. The process of claim 24 further comprising thermally processing the marbled slab in a stepped process. 26. The process of claim 25 further comprising chilling the marbled slab after the thermal processing. 27. The process of claim 24 further comprising slicing the marbled slab to produce bacon analogue slices. 28. The process of claim 24 wherein pumping the first and second meat streams together initially combines the first and second meat streams at a ratio of first meat stream to second meat stream of between about 35:65 to about 65:35. 29.-33. (canceled) 34. The process of claim 24 wherein the pumping of the first and second meat streams further comprises advancing the first and second meat streams through an extrusion horn to combine the first and the second meat streams into the marbled slab. 35. The process of claim 24 wherein the second meat stream further comprises a portion of pork fat trim and wherein about 85% of the second meat stream comprises the lean trim and about 15% of the second meat stream comprises the pork fat trim. 36. (canceled) 37. The process of claim 35 further comprising chopping the lean trim of the second meat stream with a second plate having second plate openings of 0.5-inch and chopping the pork fat trim of the second meat stream with a third plate having third plate openings of 0.125-inch. 38.-53. (canceled) 54. A process comprising:
providing a first meat component comprising a meat with about 20% to about 42% lean meat and about 58% to about 80% fat; chopping the first meat component with a first plate having first plate openings of about 0.125 to about 0.25-inch; mixing the first meat component with a first cure mixture; providing a second meat component having a lean content with about 72% to about 90% lean meat and about 10% to about 28% fat; chopping the lean content with a second plate having second plate openings of about 0.125-inch to about 0.5-inch; and wherein the first and second meat streams together are combined at a ratio of first meat stream to second meat stream of about 25:75 to about 75:25. 55. The process of claim 54 wherein pumping the first and second meat streams occurs at a ratio of the first meat stream to the second meat stream of about 70-to-30 such that a first pump advancing the first meat stream operates faster than a second pump advancing the second meat stream. | 1,700 |
4,310 | 15,854,676 | 1,742 | A technique for depositing fiber-reinforced thermoplastic filament in an arc is disclosed that mitigates the centripetal forces that arise in the prior art. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment, the centripetal forces are ameliorated by twisting the filament while depositing it in an arc. | 1. A method of depositing a thermoplastic filament that comprises (i) a longitudinal axis L and (ii) a reinforcing fiber that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L, the method comprising:
depositing a first portion of a segment of the thermoplastic filament in a straight line without twisting the thermoplastic filament around the longitudinal axis L and without twisting the reinforcing fiber around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the first straight portion of the segment has a length of S1 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; and depositing a second portion of the segment of the thermoplastic filament in a first arc of θ1 radians and radius R1 while twisting the second portion and the reinforcing fiber φ1 radians around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the second portion of the segment has a length of S2 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; and depositing a third portion of the segment of the thermoplastic filament in a straight line without twisting the thermoplastic filament around the longitudinal axis L and without twisting the reinforcing fiber around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the third portion of the segment has a length of S3 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; wherein the first portion of the segment and the second portion of the segment are contiguous; and wherein the second portion of the segment and the third portion of the segment are contiguous; wherein S1, S2, S3, and R1 are positive real numbers, and wherein θ1 and φ1 are real non-zero numbers. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein φ1=2πN1 where N1 is a non-zero integer. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein φ1=2π. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the reinforcing fiber in the thermoplastic filament in the second portion of the segment has the form of a helix with a rate of twist of
d
ϕ
1
d
S
2
≠
0
such that
d
2
ϕ
1
d
S
2
2
=
0. 5. A method of depositing a thermoplastic filament that comprises (i) a longitudinal axis L and (ii) a reinforcing fiber that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L, the method comprising:
depositing a first portion of the segment of the thermoplastic filament in a first arc of θ1 radians and radius R1 while twisting the first portion and the reinforcing fiber φ1 radians around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the first portion of the segment has a length of S1 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; depositing a second portion of the segment of the thermoplastic filament in a straight line without twisting the thermoplastic filament around the longitudinal axis L and without twisting the reinforcing fiber around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the second portion of the segment has a length of S2 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; and depositing a third portion of the segment of the thermoplastic filament in a second arc of θ2 radians and radius R2 while twisting the third portion and the reinforcing fiber φ2 radians around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the third portion of the segment has a length of S3 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; wherein the first portion of the segment and the second portion of the segment are contiguous; wherein the second portion of the segment and the third portion of the segment are contiguous; and wherein S1, S2, S3, R1, and R2 are positive real numbers, and wherein θ1, θ2, φ1, and φ2 are real non-zero numbers. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein φ1=2πN1 and φ2=2πN2, and wherein N1 and N2 are non-zero integers. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein N1=−N2. 8. The method of claim 6 wherein N1=1 and N2=−1. 9. The method of claim 5 wherein θ1≠θ2 and φ1=φ2. 10. The method of claim 5 wherein R1≠R2 and φ1=φ2. 11. The method of claim 5 wherein R1θ1≠R2θ2 and φ1=φ2. 12. The method of claim 5 wherein the reinforcing fiber in the thermoplastic filament in the second portion of the segment has the form of a helix with a rate of twist of
d
ϕ
1
d
S
1
≠
0
such that
d
2
ϕ
1
d
S
1
2
=
0
;
and
wherein the reinforcing fiber in the thermoplastic filament in the third portion of the segment has the form of a helix with a rate of twist of
d
ϕ
2
d
S
3
≠
0
such that
d
2
ϕ
2
d
S
3
2
=
0. 13. A method of depositing a thermoplastic filament that comprises (i) a longitudinal axis L and (ii) a reinforcing fiber that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L, the method comprising:
depositing a first portion of a segment of the thermoplastic filament in a first arc of θ1 radians and radius R 1 while twisting the first portion and the reinforcing fiber φ1 radians around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the first portion of the segment has a length of S1 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; and depositing a second portion of the segment of the thermoplastic filament in a second arc of θ2 radians and radius R2 while twisting the second portion and the reinforcing fiber φ2 radians around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the second portion of the segment has a length of S2 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; wherein the first portion of the segment and the second portion of the segment are contiguous; and wherein S1, S2, R1, and R2 are positive real numbers, and wherein θ1, θ2, φ1 and φ2 are real non-zero numbers. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein φ1 =2N1 and φ2=2N2, and wherein N1 and N2 are non-zero integers. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein N1=−N2. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein N1=1 and N2=−1. 17. The method of claim 13 wherein θ1≠θ2 and φ1=φ2. 18. The method of claim 13 wherein R1≠R2 and φ1=φ2. 19. The method of claim 13 wherein R1θ1≠R2θ2 and φ1=φ2. 20. The method of claim 13 wherein the reinforcing fiber in the thermoplastic filament in the first portion of the segment has the form of a helix around a curved portion of the longitudinal axis L with a rate of twist of
d
ϕ
1
d
S
1
≠
0
such that
d
2
ϕ
1
d
S
1
2
=
0
;
and
wherein the reinforcing fiber in the thermoplastic filament in the second portion of the segment has the form of a helix around a curved portion of the longitudinal axis L with a rate of twist of
d
ϕ
2
d
S
2
≠
0
such that
d
2
ϕ
2
d
S
2
2
=
0. | A technique for depositing fiber-reinforced thermoplastic filament in an arc is disclosed that mitigates the centripetal forces that arise in the prior art. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment, the centripetal forces are ameliorated by twisting the filament while depositing it in an arc.1. A method of depositing a thermoplastic filament that comprises (i) a longitudinal axis L and (ii) a reinforcing fiber that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L, the method comprising:
depositing a first portion of a segment of the thermoplastic filament in a straight line without twisting the thermoplastic filament around the longitudinal axis L and without twisting the reinforcing fiber around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the first straight portion of the segment has a length of S1 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; and depositing a second portion of the segment of the thermoplastic filament in a first arc of θ1 radians and radius R1 while twisting the second portion and the reinforcing fiber φ1 radians around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the second portion of the segment has a length of S2 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; and depositing a third portion of the segment of the thermoplastic filament in a straight line without twisting the thermoplastic filament around the longitudinal axis L and without twisting the reinforcing fiber around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the third portion of the segment has a length of S3 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; wherein the first portion of the segment and the second portion of the segment are contiguous; and wherein the second portion of the segment and the third portion of the segment are contiguous; wherein S1, S2, S3, and R1 are positive real numbers, and wherein θ1 and φ1 are real non-zero numbers. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein φ1=2πN1 where N1 is a non-zero integer. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein φ1=2π. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the reinforcing fiber in the thermoplastic filament in the second portion of the segment has the form of a helix with a rate of twist of
d
ϕ
1
d
S
2
≠
0
such that
d
2
ϕ
1
d
S
2
2
=
0. 5. A method of depositing a thermoplastic filament that comprises (i) a longitudinal axis L and (ii) a reinforcing fiber that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L, the method comprising:
depositing a first portion of the segment of the thermoplastic filament in a first arc of θ1 radians and radius R1 while twisting the first portion and the reinforcing fiber φ1 radians around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the first portion of the segment has a length of S1 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; depositing a second portion of the segment of the thermoplastic filament in a straight line without twisting the thermoplastic filament around the longitudinal axis L and without twisting the reinforcing fiber around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the second portion of the segment has a length of S2 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; and depositing a third portion of the segment of the thermoplastic filament in a second arc of θ2 radians and radius R2 while twisting the third portion and the reinforcing fiber φ2 radians around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the third portion of the segment has a length of S3 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; wherein the first portion of the segment and the second portion of the segment are contiguous; wherein the second portion of the segment and the third portion of the segment are contiguous; and wherein S1, S2, S3, R1, and R2 are positive real numbers, and wherein θ1, θ2, φ1, and φ2 are real non-zero numbers. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein φ1=2πN1 and φ2=2πN2, and wherein N1 and N2 are non-zero integers. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein N1=−N2. 8. The method of claim 6 wherein N1=1 and N2=−1. 9. The method of claim 5 wherein θ1≠θ2 and φ1=φ2. 10. The method of claim 5 wherein R1≠R2 and φ1=φ2. 11. The method of claim 5 wherein R1θ1≠R2θ2 and φ1=φ2. 12. The method of claim 5 wherein the reinforcing fiber in the thermoplastic filament in the second portion of the segment has the form of a helix with a rate of twist of
d
ϕ
1
d
S
1
≠
0
such that
d
2
ϕ
1
d
S
1
2
=
0
;
and
wherein the reinforcing fiber in the thermoplastic filament in the third portion of the segment has the form of a helix with a rate of twist of
d
ϕ
2
d
S
3
≠
0
such that
d
2
ϕ
2
d
S
3
2
=
0. 13. A method of depositing a thermoplastic filament that comprises (i) a longitudinal axis L and (ii) a reinforcing fiber that is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis L, the method comprising:
depositing a first portion of a segment of the thermoplastic filament in a first arc of θ1 radians and radius R 1 while twisting the first portion and the reinforcing fiber φ1 radians around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the first portion of the segment has a length of S1 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; and depositing a second portion of the segment of the thermoplastic filament in a second arc of θ2 radians and radius R2 while twisting the second portion and the reinforcing fiber φ2 radians around the longitudinal axis L, wherein the second portion of the segment has a length of S2 as measured along the longitudinal axis L; wherein the first portion of the segment and the second portion of the segment are contiguous; and wherein S1, S2, R1, and R2 are positive real numbers, and wherein θ1, θ2, φ1 and φ2 are real non-zero numbers. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein φ1 =2N1 and φ2=2N2, and wherein N1 and N2 are non-zero integers. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein N1=−N2. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein N1=1 and N2=−1. 17. The method of claim 13 wherein θ1≠θ2 and φ1=φ2. 18. The method of claim 13 wherein R1≠R2 and φ1=φ2. 19. The method of claim 13 wherein R1θ1≠R2θ2 and φ1=φ2. 20. The method of claim 13 wherein the reinforcing fiber in the thermoplastic filament in the first portion of the segment has the form of a helix around a curved portion of the longitudinal axis L with a rate of twist of
d
ϕ
1
d
S
1
≠
0
such that
d
2
ϕ
1
d
S
1
2
=
0
;
and
wherein the reinforcing fiber in the thermoplastic filament in the second portion of the segment has the form of a helix around a curved portion of the longitudinal axis L with a rate of twist of
d
ϕ
2
d
S
2
≠
0
such that
d
2
ϕ
2
d
S
2
2
=
0. | 1,700 |
4,311 | 14,724,930 | 1,726 | A system and method for improving solar collector design to provide thermal and electric output during times of low or no solar intensity. The improved solar collector design includes an infrared heater to supplement energy provided by the sun during time of low or no solar intensity. | 1. A solar-infrared hybrid collector comprising:
a reflector; a receiver positioned in proximity to the reflector configured to collect solar radiation and infrared radiation from the reflector; an infrared heater positioned in proximity to the receiver and configured to provide infrared radiation to the receiver; and wherein the receiver converts solar radiation and infrared radiation into at least one of electricity and thermal energy. 2. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises a photovoltaic (PV) cell to convert solar radiation and infrared radiation into electricity. 3. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 2 wherein the photovoltaic (PV) cell comprises at least one of gallium and indium. 4. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises a heat exchanger device for absorbing solar radiation and infrared radiation in a heat transfer medium. 5. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the receiver comprises a photovoltaic (PV) cell and a heat exchanger mechanism, wherein the photovoltaic (PV) cells convert solar radiation and infrared radiation into electricity and the heat exchanger mechanism cools the photovoltaic (PV) cells. 6. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the reflector comprises a substantially parabolic dish and the receiver is located proximate to a focal point of the substantially parabolic dish. 7. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the reflector comprises a substantially parabolic trough and the receiver is located proximate to an axis of the substantially parabolic trough. 8. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the reflector comprises a compound parabolic dish and the receiver is located in proximity to dual focal points of the compound parabolic dish. 9. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the reflector comprises a compound parabolic trough and the receiver is located in proximity to dual axes of the compound parabolic trough. 10. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the reflector is coated on an incident side to maximize reflection of solar radiation and infrared radiation and to minimize absorption of solar radiation and infrared radiation. 11. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the reflector includes a heat exchanger. 12. A method of using the solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein when a demand for energy is greater than provided by the sun, the infrared heater is activated. 13. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the infrared heater includes a focusing reflector and a lens. 14. A solar-infrared hybrid collector comprising:
a reflector; a receiver including a heat exchanger with a heat transfer medium, the receiver positioned in proximity to the reflector and configured to collect solar radiation and infrared radiation from the reflector; an infrared heater including a fuel, wherein the fuel is burned to convert the fuel into radiant energy to provide infrared radiation to the receiver; and wherein the receiver converts solar radiation and infrared radiation into thermal energy. 15. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the receiver further includes a photovoltaic (PV) cell to convert solar radiation and infrared radiation to electricity. 16. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the receiver includes a tube through which the heat transfer medium passes. 17. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the heat transfer medium comprises at least one of Therminol, a glycol water solution, a particle/gas mixture, molten salts and eutectic metals. 18. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein at least a portion of the receiver is enclosed in a vacuum glass tube to minimize heat loss. 19. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the fuel comprises at least one of natural gas, synthetic gas, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, vaporized fuel oil, and biofuel. 20. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the infrared heater includes a coating applied to a radiant surface to provide a desired radiant energy characteristics. 21. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the infrared heater includes a catalyst to promote combustion. 22. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the infrared heater includes a heat recovery means for capturing and recycling an exhaust heat as one of a thermal energy and a chemical energy. | A system and method for improving solar collector design to provide thermal and electric output during times of low or no solar intensity. The improved solar collector design includes an infrared heater to supplement energy provided by the sun during time of low or no solar intensity.1. A solar-infrared hybrid collector comprising:
a reflector; a receiver positioned in proximity to the reflector configured to collect solar radiation and infrared radiation from the reflector; an infrared heater positioned in proximity to the receiver and configured to provide infrared radiation to the receiver; and wherein the receiver converts solar radiation and infrared radiation into at least one of electricity and thermal energy. 2. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises a photovoltaic (PV) cell to convert solar radiation and infrared radiation into electricity. 3. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 2 wherein the photovoltaic (PV) cell comprises at least one of gallium and indium. 4. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises a heat exchanger device for absorbing solar radiation and infrared radiation in a heat transfer medium. 5. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the receiver comprises a photovoltaic (PV) cell and a heat exchanger mechanism, wherein the photovoltaic (PV) cells convert solar radiation and infrared radiation into electricity and the heat exchanger mechanism cools the photovoltaic (PV) cells. 6. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the reflector comprises a substantially parabolic dish and the receiver is located proximate to a focal point of the substantially parabolic dish. 7. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the reflector comprises a substantially parabolic trough and the receiver is located proximate to an axis of the substantially parabolic trough. 8. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the reflector comprises a compound parabolic dish and the receiver is located in proximity to dual focal points of the compound parabolic dish. 9. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the reflector comprises a compound parabolic trough and the receiver is located in proximity to dual axes of the compound parabolic trough. 10. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the reflector is coated on an incident side to maximize reflection of solar radiation and infrared radiation and to minimize absorption of solar radiation and infrared radiation. 11. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the reflector includes a heat exchanger. 12. A method of using the solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein when a demand for energy is greater than provided by the sun, the infrared heater is activated. 13. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 1, wherein the infrared heater includes a focusing reflector and a lens. 14. A solar-infrared hybrid collector comprising:
a reflector; a receiver including a heat exchanger with a heat transfer medium, the receiver positioned in proximity to the reflector and configured to collect solar radiation and infrared radiation from the reflector; an infrared heater including a fuel, wherein the fuel is burned to convert the fuel into radiant energy to provide infrared radiation to the receiver; and wherein the receiver converts solar radiation and infrared radiation into thermal energy. 15. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the receiver further includes a photovoltaic (PV) cell to convert solar radiation and infrared radiation to electricity. 16. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the receiver includes a tube through which the heat transfer medium passes. 17. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the heat transfer medium comprises at least one of Therminol, a glycol water solution, a particle/gas mixture, molten salts and eutectic metals. 18. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein at least a portion of the receiver is enclosed in a vacuum glass tube to minimize heat loss. 19. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the fuel comprises at least one of natural gas, synthetic gas, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, vaporized fuel oil, and biofuel. 20. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the infrared heater includes a coating applied to a radiant surface to provide a desired radiant energy characteristics. 21. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the infrared heater includes a catalyst to promote combustion. 22. The solar-infrared hybrid collector of claim 14, wherein the infrared heater includes a heat recovery means for capturing and recycling an exhaust heat as one of a thermal energy and a chemical energy. | 1,700 |
4,312 | 14,067,605 | 1,713 | An abrasive composition for polishing substrates including a plurality of abrasive particles having a poly-dispersed particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers; a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein the fraction of particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. | 1. An abrasive composition for polishing substrates comprising:
a plurality of colloidal silica abrasive particles comprising a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 2. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 15% by volume of the abrasive particles. 3. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 10% by volume of the abrasive particles. 4. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 5. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 18 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 6. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 20 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 7. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 22 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. An abrasive slurry composition for polishing substrates comprising:
a plurality of colloidal silica abrasive particles comprising a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, and a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles; and a solution having one or more chemical reactants. 12. An abrasive slurry according to claim 11, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 10% by volume of the abrasive particles. 13. An abrasive slurry according to claim 11, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 18 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 14. An abrasive slurry according to claim 11, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 20 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. A method for polishing substrates with an abrasive composition comprising:
providing a substrate to be polished;
and polishing the substrate using a plurality of colloidal silica abrasive particles comprising, a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, and wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 18. A method according to claim 17, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 10% by volume of the abrasive particles. 19. A method according to claim 17, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 18 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 20. A method according to claim 17, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 20 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein the span value, by volume, is at least 25 nanometers. 24. An abrasive composition according to claim wherein the span value, by volume, is at least 30 nanometers. | An abrasive composition for polishing substrates including a plurality of abrasive particles having a poly-dispersed particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers; a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein the fraction of particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles.1. An abrasive composition for polishing substrates comprising:
a plurality of colloidal silica abrasive particles comprising a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 2. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 15% by volume of the abrasive particles. 3. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 10% by volume of the abrasive particles. 4. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 5. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 18 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 6. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 20 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 7. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 22 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. An abrasive slurry composition for polishing substrates comprising:
a plurality of colloidal silica abrasive particles comprising a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, and a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles; and a solution having one or more chemical reactants. 12. An abrasive slurry according to claim 11, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 10% by volume of the abrasive particles. 13. An abrasive slurry according to claim 11, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 18 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 14. An abrasive slurry according to claim 11, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 20 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. A method for polishing substrates with an abrasive composition comprising:
providing a substrate to be polished;
and polishing the substrate using a plurality of colloidal silica abrasive particles comprising, a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, and wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 18. A method according to claim 17, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 15 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 10% by volume of the abrasive particles. 19. A method according to claim 17, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 18 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 20. A method according to claim 17, wherein said abrasive particles comprise a polydisperse particle size distribution with median particle size, by volume, being about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers, a span value, by volume, being greater than or equal to about 20 nanometers, wherein a fraction of said particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. An abrasive composition according to claim 1, wherein the span value, by volume, is at least 25 nanometers. 24. An abrasive composition according to claim wherein the span value, by volume, is at least 30 nanometers. | 1,700 |
4,313 | 15,440,070 | 1,721 | A photovoltaic array includes a two-dimensional array of photovoltaic cells having a plurality of rows, each row having a pivot axis parallel to the row. Each cell has a lens which has a front surface configured to concentrate light normal to the front surface onto the photovoltaic element. The photovoltaic array further includes a rotational actuator, coupled to the array of photovoltaic cells configured to rotate the array of photovoltaic cells about an axis perpendicular to a plane defined by the array of photovoltaic elements and a tilt actuator, coupled to each of the rows of photovoltaic elements configured to pivot the rows of photovoltaic elements about their pivot axes. | 1. A photovoltaic array comprising:
a two-dimensional array of photovoltaic cells having a plurality of rows, each row of photovoltaic cells having a pivot axis parallel to the row, each cell having a lens having a front surface configured to concentrate light normal to the front surface onto the photovoltaic element; a rotational actuator, coupled to the array of photovoltaic cells configured to rotate the array of photovoltaic cells about an axis perpendicular to a plane defined by the array of photovoltaic elements; and a tilt actuator, coupled to each of the rows of photovoltaic elements to pivot the rows of photovoltaic elements about their pivot axes. 2. The photovoltaic array of claim 1, further comprising:
a stepper motor as the rotational actuator for rotating the array of photovoltaic elements; and a motor with a helical lead screw as the tilt actuator for pivoting the rows of photovoltaic elements. 3. The photovoltaic array of claim 1, further comprising:
flexible wiring electrically connecting the photovoltaic cells to each other. 4. The photovoltaic array of claim 1, further comprising:
a fixed axis bar connected to of each of the rows by a first pin; and a pivot driver bar connected to each of the rows by a second pin, wherein the tilt actuator pivots the rows by moving the pivot driver bar relative to the fixed axis bar. 5. The photovoltaic array of claim 1, further comprising:
an open loop controller for controlling the rotational actuator and the tilt actuator to track sunlight based on time of day values and date of year values provided by a clock circuit. 6. The photovoltaic array of claim 1, further comprising:
a closed loop controller for controlling the rotational actuator and the tilt actuator to track sunlight based on time of day values and date of year values provided by a clock circuit, and based on a signal output by the array. 7. The photovoltaic array of claim 1, further comprising:
a partially analog controller for controlling the rotational actuator and tilt actuator to track sunlight based on time of day values and date of year values provided by a clock circuit, and based on an analog comparison between a present signal output by the array and a previous signal output by the array stored in a capacitor. 8. A method for controlling a photovoltaic array including a two-dimensional array of photovoltaic cells having a plurality of rows, each row of photovoltaic cells having a pivot axis parallel to the row, each cell having a lens having a front surface configured to concentrate light normal to the front surface onto the photovoltaic element, the method comprising:
rotating, by a rotational actuator coupled to the array of photovoltaic cells, the array of photovoltaic cells about an axis perpendicular to a plane defined by the array of photovoltaic elements; and tilting, by a tilt actuator coupled to each of the rows of photovoltaic elements, the rows of photovoltaic elements to pivot about their pivot axes. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
rotating, by a stepper motor as the rotational actuator, the array of photovoltaic elements; and tilting, by a motor with a helical lead screw as the tilt actuator, the rows of photovoltaic elements. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
conducting, by flexible wiring electrically connecting the photovoltaic cells, electrical current between the cells. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
pivoting, by a tilt actuator, the rows of the array by moving a pivot driver bar connected to each of the rows by a second pin relative to a fixed axis bar connected to of each of the rows by a first pin. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
controlling, by an open loop controller, the rotational actuator and tilt actuator to track sunlight based on time of day values and date of year values provided by a clock circuit. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
controlling, by a closed loop controller, the rotational actuator and the tilt actuator to track sunlight based on time of day values and date of year values provided by a clock circuit, and based on a signal output by the array. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
controlling, by a partially analog controller, the rotational actuator and the tilt actuator to track sunlight based on time of day values and date of year values provided by a clock circuit, and based on an analog comparison between a present signal output by the array and a previous signal output by the array stored in a capacitor. | A photovoltaic array includes a two-dimensional array of photovoltaic cells having a plurality of rows, each row having a pivot axis parallel to the row. Each cell has a lens which has a front surface configured to concentrate light normal to the front surface onto the photovoltaic element. The photovoltaic array further includes a rotational actuator, coupled to the array of photovoltaic cells configured to rotate the array of photovoltaic cells about an axis perpendicular to a plane defined by the array of photovoltaic elements and a tilt actuator, coupled to each of the rows of photovoltaic elements configured to pivot the rows of photovoltaic elements about their pivot axes.1. A photovoltaic array comprising:
a two-dimensional array of photovoltaic cells having a plurality of rows, each row of photovoltaic cells having a pivot axis parallel to the row, each cell having a lens having a front surface configured to concentrate light normal to the front surface onto the photovoltaic element; a rotational actuator, coupled to the array of photovoltaic cells configured to rotate the array of photovoltaic cells about an axis perpendicular to a plane defined by the array of photovoltaic elements; and a tilt actuator, coupled to each of the rows of photovoltaic elements to pivot the rows of photovoltaic elements about their pivot axes. 2. The photovoltaic array of claim 1, further comprising:
a stepper motor as the rotational actuator for rotating the array of photovoltaic elements; and a motor with a helical lead screw as the tilt actuator for pivoting the rows of photovoltaic elements. 3. The photovoltaic array of claim 1, further comprising:
flexible wiring electrically connecting the photovoltaic cells to each other. 4. The photovoltaic array of claim 1, further comprising:
a fixed axis bar connected to of each of the rows by a first pin; and a pivot driver bar connected to each of the rows by a second pin, wherein the tilt actuator pivots the rows by moving the pivot driver bar relative to the fixed axis bar. 5. The photovoltaic array of claim 1, further comprising:
an open loop controller for controlling the rotational actuator and the tilt actuator to track sunlight based on time of day values and date of year values provided by a clock circuit. 6. The photovoltaic array of claim 1, further comprising:
a closed loop controller for controlling the rotational actuator and the tilt actuator to track sunlight based on time of day values and date of year values provided by a clock circuit, and based on a signal output by the array. 7. The photovoltaic array of claim 1, further comprising:
a partially analog controller for controlling the rotational actuator and tilt actuator to track sunlight based on time of day values and date of year values provided by a clock circuit, and based on an analog comparison between a present signal output by the array and a previous signal output by the array stored in a capacitor. 8. A method for controlling a photovoltaic array including a two-dimensional array of photovoltaic cells having a plurality of rows, each row of photovoltaic cells having a pivot axis parallel to the row, each cell having a lens having a front surface configured to concentrate light normal to the front surface onto the photovoltaic element, the method comprising:
rotating, by a rotational actuator coupled to the array of photovoltaic cells, the array of photovoltaic cells about an axis perpendicular to a plane defined by the array of photovoltaic elements; and tilting, by a tilt actuator coupled to each of the rows of photovoltaic elements, the rows of photovoltaic elements to pivot about their pivot axes. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
rotating, by a stepper motor as the rotational actuator, the array of photovoltaic elements; and tilting, by a motor with a helical lead screw as the tilt actuator, the rows of photovoltaic elements. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
conducting, by flexible wiring electrically connecting the photovoltaic cells, electrical current between the cells. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
pivoting, by a tilt actuator, the rows of the array by moving a pivot driver bar connected to each of the rows by a second pin relative to a fixed axis bar connected to of each of the rows by a first pin. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
controlling, by an open loop controller, the rotational actuator and tilt actuator to track sunlight based on time of day values and date of year values provided by a clock circuit. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
controlling, by a closed loop controller, the rotational actuator and the tilt actuator to track sunlight based on time of day values and date of year values provided by a clock circuit, and based on a signal output by the array. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
controlling, by a partially analog controller, the rotational actuator and the tilt actuator to track sunlight based on time of day values and date of year values provided by a clock circuit, and based on an analog comparison between a present signal output by the array and a previous signal output by the array stored in a capacitor. | 1,700 |
4,314 | 15,222,964 | 1,773 | A method for manufacturing a composite porous film for fluid separation is provided. In such method, a coating film of a silica precursor is formed at least on one side of a microporous film including a fluoropolymer resin, and then applying at least one of treatment selected from heat treatment and steam treatment to convert the silica precursor into a SiO 2 glass, and thus a SiO 2 glass layer is formed at least on one side of the microporous film, and a composite porous film coated with the SiO 2 glass is obtained. The composite porous film has both a sufficient chemical resistance and strength allowing suppression of heat deflection under a liquid at a high temperature. | 1. A method for manufacturing a composite porous film for fluid separation, wherein a coating film of a silica precursor is formed at least on one side of a microporous film including a fluoropolymer resin, and then applying at least one of treatment selected from heat treatment and steam treatment to convert the silica precursor into a SiO2 glass, and thus a SiO2 glass layer is formed at least on one side of the microporous film, and a composite porous film coated with the SiO2 glass is obtained. 2. The method for manufacturing the composite porous film for fluid separation according to claim 1, wherein the silica precursor is at least one kind selected from polysilazane and organic silazane. | A method for manufacturing a composite porous film for fluid separation is provided. In such method, a coating film of a silica precursor is formed at least on one side of a microporous film including a fluoropolymer resin, and then applying at least one of treatment selected from heat treatment and steam treatment to convert the silica precursor into a SiO 2 glass, and thus a SiO 2 glass layer is formed at least on one side of the microporous film, and a composite porous film coated with the SiO 2 glass is obtained. The composite porous film has both a sufficient chemical resistance and strength allowing suppression of heat deflection under a liquid at a high temperature.1. A method for manufacturing a composite porous film for fluid separation, wherein a coating film of a silica precursor is formed at least on one side of a microporous film including a fluoropolymer resin, and then applying at least one of treatment selected from heat treatment and steam treatment to convert the silica precursor into a SiO2 glass, and thus a SiO2 glass layer is formed at least on one side of the microporous film, and a composite porous film coated with the SiO2 glass is obtained. 2. The method for manufacturing the composite porous film for fluid separation according to claim 1, wherein the silica precursor is at least one kind selected from polysilazane and organic silazane. | 1,700 |
4,315 | 15,448,306 | 1,734 | An energetic material composite comprising fuel particles and a hydrated compound is disclosed. The energetic material composite is formed by dispersing fuel particles, which have a negative standard reduction potential relative to a standard hydrogen electrode, in a solvent containing dissolved hydrate, followed by a removal of solvent. When initiated, the fuel particles react with the water bound in the hydrated compound to release energy and hydrogen gas. | 1. An energetic composition, comprising:
a solid hydrate; and a plurality of fuel particles having a specific surface area of greater than 1 m2/g, wherein said fuel particles have a negative standard reduction potential relative to a standard hydrogen electrode and are dispersed within said hydrate. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said fuel particles are selected from the group of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, boron, and silicon. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein said fuel particles have a specific, surface area greater than 11 m2/g. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein said fuel particles are dispersed in more than one type of hydrate. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein said fuel particles have different sizes. | An energetic material composite comprising fuel particles and a hydrated compound is disclosed. The energetic material composite is formed by dispersing fuel particles, which have a negative standard reduction potential relative to a standard hydrogen electrode, in a solvent containing dissolved hydrate, followed by a removal of solvent. When initiated, the fuel particles react with the water bound in the hydrated compound to release energy and hydrogen gas.1. An energetic composition, comprising:
a solid hydrate; and a plurality of fuel particles having a specific surface area of greater than 1 m2/g, wherein said fuel particles have a negative standard reduction potential relative to a standard hydrogen electrode and are dispersed within said hydrate. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said fuel particles are selected from the group of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, boron, and silicon. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein said fuel particles have a specific, surface area greater than 11 m2/g. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein said fuel particles are dispersed in more than one type of hydrate. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein said fuel particles have different sizes. | 1,700 |
4,316 | 13,809,623 | 1,712 | The invention relates to a method for producing a panel, in particular a furniture or floor panel, wherein a decor, preferably a wood imitating decor, is applied to at least one surface of a plate-shaped substrate, and wherein the substrate or the decor is provided with an areal, three-dimensional structure. The method is substantially characterised in that to produce the structure, liquid and/or powdery application material is applied in a single layer or multiple layers to the substrate or the decor, in that the application material applied is solidified in regions by means of at least one digitally controllable device, and in that the device is controlled using structural data present in digital form. | 1. A method for producing a panel, in particular a furniture or floor panel, wherein a decor, preferably a wood imitating decor, is applied to at least one surface of a plate-shaped substrate, and wherein the substrate or the decor is provided with an areal, three-dimensional structure, wherein to produce the structure liquid, powdery, or a combination of liquid and powdery application material is applied in a single layer or multiple layers to the substrate or the decor, in that the application material applied is solidified in regions by means of at least one digitally controllable device, and in that the device is controlled using structural data present in digital form. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a liquid, powdery, or a combination of liquid and powdery application material is used as the application material and is solidified under the action of radiation, preferably light thermal radiation, or a combination of light and thermal radiation, the application material applied to the substrate or the decor being solidified in a locally limited manner in the region of the structure to be produced by supplying said radiation. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a liquid, powdery, or a combination of liquid and powdery application material is used as the application material and is solidified under the action of a binder or a component of a binder, the application material applied to the substrate or the decor being solidified in a locally limited manner in the region of the structure to be produced by supplying said binder or the binder component. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the locally limited solidification of the application material, non-solidified, excess application material is removed from the plate-shaped substrate. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the removed excess application material is reused to produce further structural portions. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the decor is printed onto the plate-shaped substrate or onto the three-dimensional structure by means of a digital printing device. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein digital decor data to control the printing device are obtained by scanning patterns produced from natural products. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the structural data are obtained by scanning patterns produced from natural products. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the structural data are obtained by scanning the decor applied to the plate-shaped substrate. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the structural data are stored in a memory. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application material is applied to the substrate or the decor over the entire area. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein powdery application material is used as the application material, the powdery application material being applied to the substrate or the decor by means of one or more spreading devices. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein liquid application material is used as the application material, the liquid application material being applied to the substrate or the decor by means of one or more application rollers. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application material applied is solidified in regions by means of a plurality of digitally controllable devices, the devices covering different surface regions of the substrate. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application material is applied to the substrate or the decor in multiple layers. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application material used contains hard particles. 17. A panel, in particular furniture or floor panel, produced by a method according to claim 1. | The invention relates to a method for producing a panel, in particular a furniture or floor panel, wherein a decor, preferably a wood imitating decor, is applied to at least one surface of a plate-shaped substrate, and wherein the substrate or the decor is provided with an areal, three-dimensional structure. The method is substantially characterised in that to produce the structure, liquid and/or powdery application material is applied in a single layer or multiple layers to the substrate or the decor, in that the application material applied is solidified in regions by means of at least one digitally controllable device, and in that the device is controlled using structural data present in digital form.1. A method for producing a panel, in particular a furniture or floor panel, wherein a decor, preferably a wood imitating decor, is applied to at least one surface of a plate-shaped substrate, and wherein the substrate or the decor is provided with an areal, three-dimensional structure, wherein to produce the structure liquid, powdery, or a combination of liquid and powdery application material is applied in a single layer or multiple layers to the substrate or the decor, in that the application material applied is solidified in regions by means of at least one digitally controllable device, and in that the device is controlled using structural data present in digital form. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a liquid, powdery, or a combination of liquid and powdery application material is used as the application material and is solidified under the action of radiation, preferably light thermal radiation, or a combination of light and thermal radiation, the application material applied to the substrate or the decor being solidified in a locally limited manner in the region of the structure to be produced by supplying said radiation. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a liquid, powdery, or a combination of liquid and powdery application material is used as the application material and is solidified under the action of a binder or a component of a binder, the application material applied to the substrate or the decor being solidified in a locally limited manner in the region of the structure to be produced by supplying said binder or the binder component. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the locally limited solidification of the application material, non-solidified, excess application material is removed from the plate-shaped substrate. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the removed excess application material is reused to produce further structural portions. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the decor is printed onto the plate-shaped substrate or onto the three-dimensional structure by means of a digital printing device. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein digital decor data to control the printing device are obtained by scanning patterns produced from natural products. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the structural data are obtained by scanning patterns produced from natural products. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the structural data are obtained by scanning the decor applied to the plate-shaped substrate. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the structural data are stored in a memory. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application material is applied to the substrate or the decor over the entire area. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein powdery application material is used as the application material, the powdery application material being applied to the substrate or the decor by means of one or more spreading devices. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein liquid application material is used as the application material, the liquid application material being applied to the substrate or the decor by means of one or more application rollers. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application material applied is solidified in regions by means of a plurality of digitally controllable devices, the devices covering different surface regions of the substrate. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application material is applied to the substrate or the decor in multiple layers. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application material used contains hard particles. 17. A panel, in particular furniture or floor panel, produced by a method according to claim 1. | 1,700 |
4,317 | 14,773,293 | 1,777 | The present disclosure provides systems for refrigeration facility cooling and water desalination. In certain aspects, the systems include a refrigeration facility having a water cooling subsystem configured to receive cool water and output warm water and a desalination plant co-located with the refrigeration facility and configured to receive and desalinate the warm water. Aspects of the invention also include methods for cooling a refrigeration facility using a water cooling subsystem and desalinating water with a desalination plant that is co-located with the refrigeration facility. | 1. A system comprising:
(a) a refrigeration facility comprising a water cooling subsystem configured to receive cool water and output warm water; and (b) a water desalination plant co-located with the refrigeration facility and configured to receive and desalinate the output warm water. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the cool water is received from an ocean or sea. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the water cooling subsystem comprises a water intake. 4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the water intake is positioned at a depth of 15 m or more in a water source. 5. The system according to claim 3, wherein the water intake is positioned below the photic zone in a water source. 6. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a water discharge for discharging brine from the water desalination plant. 7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the water discharge is positioned at a depth of 15 m or more in a body of water. 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the body of water is the same body of water from which the water cooling subsystem receives the cool water. 9. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a power plant co-located with the refrigeration facility and the water desalination plant. 10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the power plant is operably connected to both of the refrigeration facility and the water desalination plant. 11. The system according to claim 1, wherein the refrigeration facility and water desalination plant are configured to produce fewer carbon emissions as compared to the same refrigeration facility and water desalination plant operating independently. 12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the refrigeration facility and water desalination plant are configured to use less energy per amount of refrigeration facility cooling and per volume of water desalinated as compared to the same refrigeration facility and water desalination plant operating independently. 13. The system according to claim 1, wherein the water desalination plant is a reverse osmosis desalination plant. 14. A method of cooling a refrigeration facility, the method comprising:
(a) cooling a refrigeration facility with a water cooling subsystem comprising a cool water intake and a warm water discharge; and (b) desalinating warm water received from the warm water discharge at a desalination plant that is co-located with the refrigeration facility. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the method is practiced using a system according to claim 1. | The present disclosure provides systems for refrigeration facility cooling and water desalination. In certain aspects, the systems include a refrigeration facility having a water cooling subsystem configured to receive cool water and output warm water and a desalination plant co-located with the refrigeration facility and configured to receive and desalinate the warm water. Aspects of the invention also include methods for cooling a refrigeration facility using a water cooling subsystem and desalinating water with a desalination plant that is co-located with the refrigeration facility.1. A system comprising:
(a) a refrigeration facility comprising a water cooling subsystem configured to receive cool water and output warm water; and (b) a water desalination plant co-located with the refrigeration facility and configured to receive and desalinate the output warm water. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the cool water is received from an ocean or sea. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the water cooling subsystem comprises a water intake. 4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the water intake is positioned at a depth of 15 m or more in a water source. 5. The system according to claim 3, wherein the water intake is positioned below the photic zone in a water source. 6. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a water discharge for discharging brine from the water desalination plant. 7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the water discharge is positioned at a depth of 15 m or more in a body of water. 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the body of water is the same body of water from which the water cooling subsystem receives the cool water. 9. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a power plant co-located with the refrigeration facility and the water desalination plant. 10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the power plant is operably connected to both of the refrigeration facility and the water desalination plant. 11. The system according to claim 1, wherein the refrigeration facility and water desalination plant are configured to produce fewer carbon emissions as compared to the same refrigeration facility and water desalination plant operating independently. 12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the refrigeration facility and water desalination plant are configured to use less energy per amount of refrigeration facility cooling and per volume of water desalinated as compared to the same refrigeration facility and water desalination plant operating independently. 13. The system according to claim 1, wherein the water desalination plant is a reverse osmosis desalination plant. 14. A method of cooling a refrigeration facility, the method comprising:
(a) cooling a refrigeration facility with a water cooling subsystem comprising a cool water intake and a warm water discharge; and (b) desalinating warm water received from the warm water discharge at a desalination plant that is co-located with the refrigeration facility. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the method is practiced using a system according to claim 1. | 1,700 |
4,318 | 14,193,910 | 1,793 | The present invention relates to an infusion product for making a beverage, more specifically to a plant-based composition for making a beverage, and to a herbal and/or vegetable composition or bouquet garni. The plants are fruits, herbs, medicinal plants, tea, vegetables and/or spices. The invention further relates to a method for producing said compositions or infusion product, its use for making a (tea) beverage, and a (tea) beverage so obtained. Further, the present invention relates to a fiber-web, preferably a tea bag, made from said fruits, herbs, medicinal plants, tea, vegetable and/or spices. | 1. A composition for making a beverage, a broth or a herbal, vegetable and/or spice composition, the composition comprising a layer of fibrous plant product and a plant extract applied thereto. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of fruits, herbs, medicinal plants, tea, vegetables and/or spices. 3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the fruits, herbs, medicinal plants, tea, vegetables and spices are selected from artemisia, balm, basil, chamomile, chive, cloves, coffee, coriander, dill, garlic, ginger, ginseng, gingko, jasmine, lavender, mint, orange blossom, oregano, persil, rooibos, rosa centifolia, rosemary, thyme, turmeric, sage, pepper, chili pepper, stevia rebaudiana, tarragon, white tea, yellow tea, green tea, oolong tea, black tea, pu-erh tea, vanilla, red or green vine, violet and/or willow; and/or Ajwain, carom seeds (Trachyspermum ammi), Akudjura (Solanum centrale), Alexanders (Smymium olusatrum), Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria), Alligator pepper, mbongo spice (mbongochobi), hepper pepper (Aframomum danielli, A. citratum, A. exscapum), Allspice (Pimenta dioica), Angelica (Angelica archangelica), Anise (Pimpinella anisum), Aniseed myrtle (Syzygium anisatum), Annatto (Bixa orellana), Apple mint (Mentha suaveolens), Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida), Asarabacca (Asarum europaeum), Avens (Geum urbanum), Avocado leaf (Peresea americana), Barberry (Berberis vulgaris and other Berberis spp.), Basil, sweet (Ocimum basilicum), Basil, lemon (Ocimum×citriodorum), Basil, Thai (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora), Basil, Holy (Ocimum tenuiflorum), Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis), Bay leaf, Indian, tejpat, malabathrum, Boldo (Peumus boldus), Borage (Borago officinalis), Black cardamom (Amomum subulatum, Amomum costatum), Black mustard (Brassica nigra), Blue fenugreek, blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea), Brown mustard (Brassica juncea), Caraway (Carum carvi), Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), Carob (Ceratonia siliqua), Catnip (Nepeta cataria), Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum), Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Celery leaf (Apium graveolens), Celery seed (Apium graveolens), Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium), Chicory (Cichorium intybus), Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.), Chives (Allium schoenoprasum), Cicely, sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata), Cilantro, coriander greens, coriander herb (Coriandrum sativum), Cinnamon, Indonesian (Cinnamomum burmannii, Cassia vera), Cinnamon, Saigon or Vietnamese (Cinnamomum loureiroi), Cinnamon, true or Ceylon (Cinnamomum verum, C. zeylanicum), Cinnamon, white (Canella winterana), Cinnamon myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia), Clary, Clary sage (Salvia sclarea), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum), Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita), Cuban oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus), Cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba), Cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.), Culantro, culangot, long coriander (Eryngium foetidum), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii), Curry plant (Helichrysum italicum), Dill seed (Anethum graveolens), Dill herb or weed (Anethum graveolens), Elderflower (Sambucus spp.), Epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Filé powder, gumbo filé (Sassafras albidum), Fingerroot, krachai, temu kuntji (Boesenbergia rotunda), Galangal, greater (Alpinia galanga), Galangal, lesser (Alpinia officinarum), Galingale (Cyperus spp.), Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Garlic, elephant (Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Ginger, torch, bunga siantan (Etlingera elatior) (Indonesia), Golpar, Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) (Iran), Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta), Grains of Selim, Kani pepper (Xylopia aethiopica), Horseradish (Armoracla rusticana), Houttuynia cordata (Vietnam), Huacatay, Mexican marigold, mint marigold (Tagetes minuta), Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), Indonesian bay leaf, daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum), Jasmine flowers (Jasminum spp.), Jimbu (Allium hypsistum) (Nepal), Juniper berry (Juniperus communis), Kaffir lime leaves, Makrud lime leaves (Citrus hystrix) (Southeast Asia), Kala zeera (or kala jira), black cumin (Bunium persicum) (South Asia), Kawakawa seeds (Macropiper excelsum) (New Zealand), Kencur, galangal, kentjur (Kaempferia galanga), Keluak, kluwak, kepayang (Pangium edule), Kinh gioi, Vietnamese balm (Elsholtzia ciliata), Kokam seed (Garcinia indica) (Indian confectionery), Korarima, Ethiopian cardamom, false cardamom (Aframomum corrorima) (Eritrea), Koseret leaves (Lippia adoensis) (Ethiopia), Lavender (Lavandula spp.), Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other Cymbopogon spp.), Lemon ironbark (Eucalyptus staigeriana) (Australia), Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) (Australia), Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora), Leptotes bicolor (Paraguay and southern Brazil), Lesser calamint (Calamintha nepeta), nipitella, nepitella (Italy), Licorice, liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Lime flower, linden flower (Tilia spp.), Lovage (Levisticum officinale), Mace (Myristica fragrans), Mahlab, St. Lucie cherry (Prunus mahaleb), Marjoram (Origanum majorana), Marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis), Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus), Mint (Mentha spp.), Mountain horopito (Pseudowintera colorata) ‘Pepper-plant’ (New Zealand), Musk mallow, abelmosk (Abelmoschus moschatus), Mustard, black, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica nigra), Mustard, brown, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica juncea), Mustard, white, mustard plant, mustard seed (Sinapis alba), Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus), Nigella, kalonji, black caraway, black onion seed (Nigella saetiva), Njangse, djansang (Ricinodendron heudelotii) (West Africa), Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), Neem, Olida (Eucalyptus olida) (Australia), Oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species), Orris root (Iris germanica, I. florentina, I. pallida), Pandan flower, kewra (Pandanus odoratissimus), Pandan leaf, screwpine (Pandanus amaryllifolius, Paprika (Capsicum annuum), Paracress (Spilanthes acmella, Soleracea) (Brazil), Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Pepper black, white, and green (Piper nigrum), Pepper, Dorrigo (Tasmannia stipitata) (Australia), Pepper, long (Piper longum), Pepper, mountain, Cornish pepper leaf (Tasmannia lanceolata), Peppermint (Mentha piperata), Peppermint gum leaf (Eucalyptus dives), Perilla, shiso (Perilla spp.), Peruvian pepper (Schinus molle), Pandanus amaryllifolius, Brazilian pepper or Pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius), Quassia (Quassia amara) (bitter spice in aperitifs and some beers and fortified wines), Ramsons, wood garlic (Allium ursinum), Rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatica) (Vietnam), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Rue (Ruta graveolens), Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), for yellow color, Saffron (Crocus sativus), Sage (Salvia officinalis), Saigon cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi), Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor), Salep (Orchis mascula), Sassafras (Sassafras albidum), Savory, summer (Satureja hortensis), Savory, winter (Satureja montana), Silphium, silphion, laser, laserpicium, lasarpicium (Ancient Roman cuisine, Ancient Greek cuisine), Shiso (Perilla frutescens), Sorrel (Rumex acetosa), Sorrel, sheep (Rumex acetosella), Spearmint (Mentha spicata), Spikenard (Nardostachys grandiflora or N. jatamansi), Star anise (Illicium verum), Sumac (Rhus coriaria), Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum), Szechuan pepper, Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum), Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Thyme, lemon (Thymus×citriodorus), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia), Vietnamese cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi), Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata), Voatsiperifery (Piper borbonense), Wasabi (Wasabia japonica), Water-pepper, smartweed (Polygonum hydropiper), Watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquatica), Wattleseed (from about 120 spp. of Australian Acacia), White mustard (Sinapis alba), Wild betel (Piper sarmentosum) (Southeast Asia), Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum), Willow herb (Epilobium parviflorum), Winter savory (Satureja montana), Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), Wood avens, herb bennet (Geum urbanum), Woodruff (Galium odoratum), Wormwood, absinthe (Artemisia absinthium), Yellow mustard (Brassica hirta=Sinapis alba), Yerba buena, any of four different species, many unrelated, Za'atar (herbs from the genera Origanum, Calamintha, Thymus, and/or Satureja), Zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria); and/or Anise tea (seeds or leaves), Asiatic penny-wort leaf, Artichoke tea, Bee Balm, Boldo, Burdock, Caraway tea, Catnip tea, Chamomile tea, Che Dang tea (Ilex causue leaves), Chinese knot-weed tea, Chrysanthemum tea, Cinnamon, Coca tea, Coffee tea leaves and coffee cherry tea, Cerasse, Citrus peel (including bergamot, lemon and orange peel), Dandelion coffee, Dill tea, Echinacea tea, Elderberry, European Mistletoe (Viscum album), Essiac tea, Fennel, Gentian, Ginger root, Ginseng, Goji, Hawthorn, Hibiscus, Ho Yan Hor Herbal Tea, Honeybush, Horehound, Houttuynia, Hydrangea tea (Hydrangea serrata Amacha), Jiaogulan, Kapor tea, Kava root, Kratom, Kuzuyu, Labrador tea, Lapacho (also known as Taheebo), Lemon Balm, Lemon and ginger tea, Lemon grass, Luo han guo, Licorice root, Lime blossom, Mint, Mountain Tea, Neem leaf, Nettle leaf, New Jersey Tea, Noni tea, Oksusu cha, Pennyroyal leaf, Pine tea, Qishr, Red clover tea, Red raspberry leaf, Roasted barley tea, Roasted wheat, Rooibos (Red Bush), Rose hip, Roselle petals (species of Hibiscus; aka Bissap, Dah, etc.), Rosemary, Sagebrush, California Sagebrush, Sage, Sakurayu, Salvia, Scorched rice, Skullcap, Serendib (tea), Sobacha, Spicebush (Lindera benzoin), Spruce tea, Staghorn sumac fruit, Stevia, St. John's Wort, Tea (Camellia sinensis), Thyme, Tulsi, Holy Basil, Uncaria tomentosa, commonly known as Cat's Claw, Valerian, Verbena (Vervains), Vetiver, Wax gourd, Wong Lo Kat, Woodruff, and/or Yarrow; and/or Açai (Euterpe oleracea, Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Arnica (Arnica Montana, Asthma weed (Euphorbia hirta), Astragalus (Astragalus propinquus), Barberry (Berberis vulgaris), Belladonna (Atropa belladonna, Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), Bitter orange (Citrus×aurantium), Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), Blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus), Blueberries (genus Vaccinium), Burdock (Arctium lappa), Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa), Cayenne (Capsicum annuum), Celery (Apium graveolens), Chamomille (Matricaria recutita and Anthemis nobilis), Chaparral (Larrea tridentata), Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus), Chili (Capsicum frutescens), Cinchona, Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis), Comfrey (Symphytum officinale), Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), Dong quai (Angelica sinensis), Elderberry (Sambucus nigra), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), European Mistletoe (Viscum album), Evening primrose (Oenothera spp.), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Gingko (Gingko biloba), Ginseng (Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius), Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Hawthorn (specifically Crataegus monogyna and Crataegus laevigata), Hoodia (Hoodia gordonii), Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Horsetail (Equisetum arvense), Jamaica dogwood (Piscidia erythrina or Piscidia piscipula), Kava (Piper methysticum), Kha, Konjac (Amorphophallus konjac), Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), Kanna (Sceletium tortuosum), Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), Lemon (Citrus limon), Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Marigold (Calendula officinalis), Marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis), Milk thistle (Silybum marianum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Noni (Morinda citrifolia), Oregano (Origanum vulgare), Papaya (Carica papaya), Peppermint (Mentha×piperita), Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), Passion Flower (Passiflora), Red clover (Trifolium pratense), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Sage (Salvia officinalis), Syrian Rue (aka Harmal) (Peganum harmala), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), Thunder God Vine (Tripterygium wilfordii), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Tulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum or Holy Basil), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Umckaloabo (Pelargonium sidoides), Valerian (Valeriana officinalis), White willow (Salix alba), and/or Yerba santa (Eriodictyon crassifolium); and/or white tea, yellow tea, green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and/or pu-erh tea; including mixtures or blends thereof. 4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the layer of fibrous plant product comprises a blend of different plants. 5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the plant extract comprises a blend of different plants. 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the layer of fibrous plant product and the plant extract are from the same plant or from different plants. 7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the layer of fibrous plant product comprises at least 70% of fibrous plant product from one plant. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the and the plant extract comprises at least 70% of a plant extract from one plant. 9. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the at least 70% of fibrous plant product and the at least 70% of a plant extract is from tea. 10. A method for producing a composition for making a beverage, the composition comprising a layer of fibrous plant product and a plant extract applied thereto, the method comprising the steps of:
a) extracting components of at least one plant with a solvent; b) separating the soluble portion (plant extract) from the non-soluble portion (solid plant particles); c) optionally refining the non-soluble portion; d) preparing a sheet-like product from the non-soluble portion; e) optionally concentrating the soluble portion; f) applying the soluble portion of step b) or concentrated soluble portion of step e) to the sheet of step d); and g) drying the product of step f) to obtain the composition for making a beverage. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the extracting step is performed using components of a blend of plants. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the extracting step is performed using components of a single plant. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the non-soluble portion of the plant is mixed with the non-soluble portion of at least one further plant prior to preparing the sheet. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the soluble portion of step b) or concentrated soluble portion of step e) is mixed with the soluble portion or concentrated soluble portion of at least one further plant prior to applying the soluble portion or concentrated soluble portion to the sheet. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of adding or removing ingredients from the soluble portion (plant extract) and/or from the non-soluble portion (solid plant particles) prior to applying the soluble portion of step b) or concentrated soluble portion of step e) to the sheet of step d). 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the composition of step g) is further cut or broken into small regularly or irregularly shaped forms or formed into shapes, dimensions and formats, such as sheets, leafs, sticks, bands, cups, mugs, bowls, flasks, kettles, bottles, straws or tubes, discs or sheets. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of fruits, herbs, medicinal plants, tea, vegetables and spices or mixtures thereof. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the fruits, herbs, medicinal plants, tea, vegetables and spices are selected from artemisia, balm, basil, chamomile, chive, cloves, coffee, coriander, dill, garlic, ginger, ginseng, gingko, jasmine, lavender, mint, orange blossom, oregano, persil, rooibos, rosa centifolia, rosemary, thyme, turmeric, sage, pepper, chili pepper, stevia rebaudiana, tarragon, white tea, yellow tea, green tea, oolong tea, black tea, pu-erh tea, vanilla, red or green vine, violet and/or willow; and/or Ajwain, carom seeds (Trachyspermum ammi), Akudjura (Solanum centrale), Alexanders (Smymium olusatrum), Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria), Alligator pepper, mbongo spice (mbongochobi), hepper pepper (Aframomum danielli, A. citratum, A. exscapum), Allspice (Pimenta dioica), Angelica (Angelica archangelica), Anise (Pimpinella anisum), Aniseed myrtle (Syzygium anisatum), Annatto (Bixa orellana), Apple mint (Mentha suaveolens), Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida), Asarabacca (Asarum europaeum), Avens (Geum urbanum), Avocado leaf (Peresea americana), Barberry (Berberis vulgaris and other Berberis spp.), Basil, sweet (Ocimum basilicum), Basil, lemon (Ocimum×citriodorum), Basil, Thai (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora), Basil, Holy (Ocimum tenuiflorum), Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis), Bay leaf, Indian, tejpat, malabathrum, Boldo (Peumus boldus), Borage (Borago officinalis), Black cardamom (Amomum subulatum, Amomum costatum), Black mustard (Brassica nigra), Blue fenugreek, blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea), Brown mustard (Brassica juncea), Caraway (Carum carvi), Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), Carob (Ceratonia siliqua), Catnip (Nepeta cataria), Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum), Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Celery leaf (Apium graveolens), Celery seed (Apium graveolens), Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium), Chicory (Cichorium intybus), Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.), Chives (Allium schoenoprasum), Cicely, sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata), Cilantro, coriander greens, coriander herb (Coriandrum sativum), Cinnamon, Indonesian (Cinnamomum burmannii, Cassia vera), Cinnamon, Saigon or Vietnamese (Cinnamomum loureirori), Cinnamon, true or Ceylon (Cinnamomum verum, C. zeylanicum), Cinnamon, white (Canella winterana), Cinnamon myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia), Clary, Clary sage (Salvia sclarea), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum), Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita), Cuban oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus), Cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba), Cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.), Culantro, culangot, long coriander (Eryngium foetidum), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii), Curry plant (Helichrysum italicum), Dill seed (Anethum graveolens), Dill herb or weed (Anethum graveolens), Elderflower (Sambucus spp.), Epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Filé powder, gumbo filé (Sassafras albidum), Fingerroot, krachai, temu kuntji (Boesenbergia rotunda), Galangal, greater (Alpinia galanga), Galangal, lesser (Alpinia officinarum), Galingale (Cyperus spp.), Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Garlic, elephant (Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Ginger, torch, bunga siantan (Etlingera elatior) (Indonesia), Golpar, Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) (Iran), Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta), Grains of Selim, Kani pepper (Xylopia aethiopica), Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), Houttuynia cordata (Vietnam), Huacatay, Mexican marigold, mint marigold (Tagetes minuta), Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), Indonesian bay leaf, daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum), Jasmine flowers (Jasminum spp.), Jimbu (Allium hypsistum) (Nepal), Juniper berry (Juniperus communis), Kaffir lime leaves, Makrud lime leaves (Citrus hystrix) (Southeast Asia), Kala zeera (or kala jira), black cumin (Bunium persicum) (South Asia), Kawakawa seeds (Macropiper excelsum) (New Zealand), Kencur, galangal, kentjur (Kaempferia galanga), Keluak, kluwak, kepayang (Pangium edule), Kinh gioi, Vietnamese balm (Elsholtzia ciliata), Kokam seed (Garcinia indica) (Indian confectionery), Korarima, Ethiopian cardamom, false cardamom (Aframomum corrorima) (Eritrea), Koseret leaves (Lippia adoensis) (Ethiopia), Lavender (Lavandula spp.), Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other Cymbopogon spp.), Lemon ironbark (Eucalyptus staigeriana) (Australia), Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) (Australia), Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora), Leptotes bicolor (Paraguay and southern Brazil), Lesser calamint (Calamintha nepeta), nipitella, nepitella (Italy), Licorice, liquorice (Glycynhiza glabra), Lime flower, linden flower (Tilia spp.), Lovage (Levisticum officinale), Mace (Myristica fragrans), Mahlab, St. Lucie cherry (Prunus mahaleb), Marjoram (Origanum majorana), Marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis), Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus), Mint (Mentha spp.), Mountain horopito (Pseudowintera colorata) ‘Pepper-plant’ (New Zealand), Musk mallow, abelmosk (Abelmoschus moschatus), Mustard, black, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica nigra), Mustard, brown, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica juncea), Mustard, white, mustard plant, mustard seed (Sinapis alba), Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus), Nigella, kalonji, black caraway, black onion seed (Nigella sativa), Njangsa, djansang (Ricinodendron heudelotii) (West Africa), Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), Neem, Olida (Eucalyptus olida) (Australia), Oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species), Orris root (Iris germanica, I. florentina, I. pallida), Pandan flower, kewra (Pandanus odoratissimus), Pandan leaf, screwpine (Pandanus amaryllifolius, Paprika (Capsicum annuum), Paracress (Spilanthes acmella, Soleracea) (Brazil), Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Pepper black, white, and green (Piper nigrum), Pepper, Dorrigo (Tasmannia stipitata) (Australia), Pepper, long (Piper longum), Pepper, mountain, Cornish pepper leaf (Tasmannia lanceolata), Peppermint (Mentha piperata), Peppermint gum leaf (Eucalyptus dives), Perilla, shiso (Perilla spp.), Peruvian pepper (Schinus molle), Pandanus amaryllifolius, Brazilian pepper or Pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius), Quassia (Quassia amara) (bitter spice in aperitifs and some beers and fortified wines), Ramsons, wood garlic (Allium ursinum), Rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatica) (Vietnam), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Rue (Ruta graveolens), Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), for yellow color, Saffron (Crocus sativus), Sage (Salvia officinalis), Saigon cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi), Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor), Salep (Orchis mascula), Sassafras (Sassafras albidum), Savory, summer (Satureja hortensis), Savory, winter (Satureja montana), Silphium, silphion, laser, laserpicium, lasarpicium (Ancient Roman cuisine, Ancient Greek cuisine), Shiso (Perilla frutescens), Sorrel (Rumex acetosa), Sorrel, sheep (Rumex acetosella), Spearmint (Mentha spicata), Spikenard (Nardostachys grandiflora or N. jatamansi), Star anise (Illicium verum), Sumac (Rhus coriaria), Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum), Szechuan pepper, Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum), Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Thyme, lemon (Thymus×citriodorus), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia), Vietnamese cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi), Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata), Voatsiperifery (Piper borbonense), Wasabi (Wasabia japonica), Water-pepper, smartweed (Polygonum hydropiper), Watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquatica), Wattleseed (from about 120 spp. of Australian Acacia), White mustard (Sinapis alba), Wild betel (Piper sarmentosum) (Southeast Asia), Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum), Willow herb (Epilobium parviflorum), Winter savory (Satureja montana), Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), Wood avens, herb bennet (Geum urbanum), Woodruff (Galium odoratum), Wormwood, absinthe (Artemisia absinthium), Yellow mustard (Brassica hirta=Sinapis alba), Yerba buena, any of four different species, many unrelated, Za'atar (herbs from the genera Origanum, Calamintha, Thymus, and/or Satureja), Zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria); and/or Anise tea (seeds or leaves), Asiatic penny-wort leaf, Artichoke tea, Bee Balm, Boldo, Burdock, Caraway tea, Catnip tea, Chamomile tea, Che Dang tea (Ilex causue leaves), Chinese knot-weed tea, Chrysanthemum tea, Cinnamon, Coca tea, Coffee tea leaves and coffee cherry tea, Cerasse, Citrus peel (including bergamot, lemon and orange peel), Dandelion coffee, Dill tea, Echinacea tea, Elderberry, European Mistletoe (Viscum album), Essiac tea, Fennel, Gentian, Ginger root, Ginseng, Goji, Hawthorn, Hibiscus, Ho Yan Hor Herbal Tea, Honeybush, Horehound, Houttuynia, Hydrangea tea (Hydrangea serrata Amacha), Jiaogulan, Kapor tea, Kava root, Kratom, Kuzuyu, Labrador tea, Lapacho (also known as Taheebo), Lemon Balm, Lemon and ginger tea, Lemon grass, Luo han guo, Licorice root, Lime blossom, Mint, Mountain Tea, Neem leaf, Nettle leaf, New Jersey Tea, Noni tea, Oksusu cha, Pennyroyal leaf, Pine tea, Qishr, Red clover tea, Red raspberry leaf, Roasted barley tea, Roasted wheat, Rooibos (Red Bush), Rose hip, Roselle petals (species of Hibiscus; aka Bissap, Dah, etc.), Rosemary, Sagebrush, California Sagebrush, Sage, Sakurayu, Salvia, Scorched rice, Skullcap, Serendib (tea), Sobacha, Spicebush (Lindera benzoin), Spruce tea, Staghorn sumac fruit, Stevia, St. John's Wort, Tea (Camellia sinensis), Thyme, Tulsi, Holy Basil, Uncaria tomentosa, commonly known as Cat's Claw, Valerian, Verbena (Vervains), Vetiver, Wax gourd, Wong Lo Kat, Woodruff, and/or Yarrow; and/or Açai (Euterpe oleracea, Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Arnica (Arnica Montana, Asthma weed (Euphorbia hirta), Astragalus (Astragalus propinquus), Barberry (Berberis vulgaris), Belladonna (Atropa belladonna, Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), Bitter orange (Citrus×aurantium), Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), Blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus), Blueberries (genus Vaccinium), Burdock (Arctium lappa), Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa), Cayenne (Capsicum annuum), Celery (Apium graveolens), Chamomille (Matricaria recutita and Anthemis nobilis), Chaparral (Larrea tridentata), Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus), Chili (Capsicum frutescens), Cinchona, Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis), Comfrey (Symphytum officinale), Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), Dong quai (Angelica sinensis), Elderberry (Sambucus nigra), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), European Mistletoe (Viscum album), Evening primrose (Oenothera spp.), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Gingko (Gingko biloba), Ginseng (Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius), Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Hawthorn (specifically Crataegus monogyna and Crataegus laevigata), Hoodia (Hoodia gordonii), Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Horsetail (Equisetum arvense), Jamaica dogwood (Piscidia erythrina or Piscidia piscipula), Kava (Piper methysticum), Kha, Konjac (Amorphophallus konjac), Kratom (Mitregyna speciosa), Kanna (Sceletium tortuosum), Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), Lemon (Citrus limon), Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Marigold (Calendula officinalis), Marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis), Milk thistle (Silybum marianum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Noni (Morinda citrifoblia), Oregano (Origanum vulgare), Papaya (Carica papaya), Peppermint (Mentha×piperita), Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), Passion Flower (Passiflora), Red clover (Trifolium pretense), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Sage (Salvia officinalis), Syrian Rue (aka Harmal) (Peganum harmala), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), Thunder God Vine (Tripterygium wilfordii), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Tulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum or Holy Basil), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Umckaloabo (Pelargonium sidoides), Valerian (Valeriana officinalis), White willow (Salix alba), and/or Yerba santa (Eriodictyon crassifolium); and/or white tea, yellow tea, green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and/or pu-erh tea; including mixtures or blends thereof. 19. The method of claim 10, wherein the sheet-like product is a fiber web. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein, the fiber-web comprises from about 5% to about 100% (w/w) tea or herbs fibers. 21-33. (canceled) | The present invention relates to an infusion product for making a beverage, more specifically to a plant-based composition for making a beverage, and to a herbal and/or vegetable composition or bouquet garni. The plants are fruits, herbs, medicinal plants, tea, vegetables and/or spices. The invention further relates to a method for producing said compositions or infusion product, its use for making a (tea) beverage, and a (tea) beverage so obtained. Further, the present invention relates to a fiber-web, preferably a tea bag, made from said fruits, herbs, medicinal plants, tea, vegetable and/or spices.1. A composition for making a beverage, a broth or a herbal, vegetable and/or spice composition, the composition comprising a layer of fibrous plant product and a plant extract applied thereto. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of fruits, herbs, medicinal plants, tea, vegetables and/or spices. 3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the fruits, herbs, medicinal plants, tea, vegetables and spices are selected from artemisia, balm, basil, chamomile, chive, cloves, coffee, coriander, dill, garlic, ginger, ginseng, gingko, jasmine, lavender, mint, orange blossom, oregano, persil, rooibos, rosa centifolia, rosemary, thyme, turmeric, sage, pepper, chili pepper, stevia rebaudiana, tarragon, white tea, yellow tea, green tea, oolong tea, black tea, pu-erh tea, vanilla, red or green vine, violet and/or willow; and/or Ajwain, carom seeds (Trachyspermum ammi), Akudjura (Solanum centrale), Alexanders (Smymium olusatrum), Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria), Alligator pepper, mbongo spice (mbongochobi), hepper pepper (Aframomum danielli, A. citratum, A. exscapum), Allspice (Pimenta dioica), Angelica (Angelica archangelica), Anise (Pimpinella anisum), Aniseed myrtle (Syzygium anisatum), Annatto (Bixa orellana), Apple mint (Mentha suaveolens), Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida), Asarabacca (Asarum europaeum), Avens (Geum urbanum), Avocado leaf (Peresea americana), Barberry (Berberis vulgaris and other Berberis spp.), Basil, sweet (Ocimum basilicum), Basil, lemon (Ocimum×citriodorum), Basil, Thai (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora), Basil, Holy (Ocimum tenuiflorum), Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis), Bay leaf, Indian, tejpat, malabathrum, Boldo (Peumus boldus), Borage (Borago officinalis), Black cardamom (Amomum subulatum, Amomum costatum), Black mustard (Brassica nigra), Blue fenugreek, blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea), Brown mustard (Brassica juncea), Caraway (Carum carvi), Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), Carob (Ceratonia siliqua), Catnip (Nepeta cataria), Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum), Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Celery leaf (Apium graveolens), Celery seed (Apium graveolens), Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium), Chicory (Cichorium intybus), Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.), Chives (Allium schoenoprasum), Cicely, sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata), Cilantro, coriander greens, coriander herb (Coriandrum sativum), Cinnamon, Indonesian (Cinnamomum burmannii, Cassia vera), Cinnamon, Saigon or Vietnamese (Cinnamomum loureiroi), Cinnamon, true or Ceylon (Cinnamomum verum, C. zeylanicum), Cinnamon, white (Canella winterana), Cinnamon myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia), Clary, Clary sage (Salvia sclarea), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum), Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita), Cuban oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus), Cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba), Cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.), Culantro, culangot, long coriander (Eryngium foetidum), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii), Curry plant (Helichrysum italicum), Dill seed (Anethum graveolens), Dill herb or weed (Anethum graveolens), Elderflower (Sambucus spp.), Epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Filé powder, gumbo filé (Sassafras albidum), Fingerroot, krachai, temu kuntji (Boesenbergia rotunda), Galangal, greater (Alpinia galanga), Galangal, lesser (Alpinia officinarum), Galingale (Cyperus spp.), Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Garlic, elephant (Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Ginger, torch, bunga siantan (Etlingera elatior) (Indonesia), Golpar, Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) (Iran), Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta), Grains of Selim, Kani pepper (Xylopia aethiopica), Horseradish (Armoracla rusticana), Houttuynia cordata (Vietnam), Huacatay, Mexican marigold, mint marigold (Tagetes minuta), Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), Indonesian bay leaf, daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum), Jasmine flowers (Jasminum spp.), Jimbu (Allium hypsistum) (Nepal), Juniper berry (Juniperus communis), Kaffir lime leaves, Makrud lime leaves (Citrus hystrix) (Southeast Asia), Kala zeera (or kala jira), black cumin (Bunium persicum) (South Asia), Kawakawa seeds (Macropiper excelsum) (New Zealand), Kencur, galangal, kentjur (Kaempferia galanga), Keluak, kluwak, kepayang (Pangium edule), Kinh gioi, Vietnamese balm (Elsholtzia ciliata), Kokam seed (Garcinia indica) (Indian confectionery), Korarima, Ethiopian cardamom, false cardamom (Aframomum corrorima) (Eritrea), Koseret leaves (Lippia adoensis) (Ethiopia), Lavender (Lavandula spp.), Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other Cymbopogon spp.), Lemon ironbark (Eucalyptus staigeriana) (Australia), Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) (Australia), Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora), Leptotes bicolor (Paraguay and southern Brazil), Lesser calamint (Calamintha nepeta), nipitella, nepitella (Italy), Licorice, liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Lime flower, linden flower (Tilia spp.), Lovage (Levisticum officinale), Mace (Myristica fragrans), Mahlab, St. Lucie cherry (Prunus mahaleb), Marjoram (Origanum majorana), Marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis), Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus), Mint (Mentha spp.), Mountain horopito (Pseudowintera colorata) ‘Pepper-plant’ (New Zealand), Musk mallow, abelmosk (Abelmoschus moschatus), Mustard, black, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica nigra), Mustard, brown, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica juncea), Mustard, white, mustard plant, mustard seed (Sinapis alba), Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus), Nigella, kalonji, black caraway, black onion seed (Nigella saetiva), Njangse, djansang (Ricinodendron heudelotii) (West Africa), Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), Neem, Olida (Eucalyptus olida) (Australia), Oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species), Orris root (Iris germanica, I. florentina, I. pallida), Pandan flower, kewra (Pandanus odoratissimus), Pandan leaf, screwpine (Pandanus amaryllifolius, Paprika (Capsicum annuum), Paracress (Spilanthes acmella, Soleracea) (Brazil), Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Pepper black, white, and green (Piper nigrum), Pepper, Dorrigo (Tasmannia stipitata) (Australia), Pepper, long (Piper longum), Pepper, mountain, Cornish pepper leaf (Tasmannia lanceolata), Peppermint (Mentha piperata), Peppermint gum leaf (Eucalyptus dives), Perilla, shiso (Perilla spp.), Peruvian pepper (Schinus molle), Pandanus amaryllifolius, Brazilian pepper or Pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius), Quassia (Quassia amara) (bitter spice in aperitifs and some beers and fortified wines), Ramsons, wood garlic (Allium ursinum), Rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatica) (Vietnam), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Rue (Ruta graveolens), Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), for yellow color, Saffron (Crocus sativus), Sage (Salvia officinalis), Saigon cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi), Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor), Salep (Orchis mascula), Sassafras (Sassafras albidum), Savory, summer (Satureja hortensis), Savory, winter (Satureja montana), Silphium, silphion, laser, laserpicium, lasarpicium (Ancient Roman cuisine, Ancient Greek cuisine), Shiso (Perilla frutescens), Sorrel (Rumex acetosa), Sorrel, sheep (Rumex acetosella), Spearmint (Mentha spicata), Spikenard (Nardostachys grandiflora or N. jatamansi), Star anise (Illicium verum), Sumac (Rhus coriaria), Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum), Szechuan pepper, Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum), Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Thyme, lemon (Thymus×citriodorus), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia), Vietnamese cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi), Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata), Voatsiperifery (Piper borbonense), Wasabi (Wasabia japonica), Water-pepper, smartweed (Polygonum hydropiper), Watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquatica), Wattleseed (from about 120 spp. of Australian Acacia), White mustard (Sinapis alba), Wild betel (Piper sarmentosum) (Southeast Asia), Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum), Willow herb (Epilobium parviflorum), Winter savory (Satureja montana), Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), Wood avens, herb bennet (Geum urbanum), Woodruff (Galium odoratum), Wormwood, absinthe (Artemisia absinthium), Yellow mustard (Brassica hirta=Sinapis alba), Yerba buena, any of four different species, many unrelated, Za'atar (herbs from the genera Origanum, Calamintha, Thymus, and/or Satureja), Zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria); and/or Anise tea (seeds or leaves), Asiatic penny-wort leaf, Artichoke tea, Bee Balm, Boldo, Burdock, Caraway tea, Catnip tea, Chamomile tea, Che Dang tea (Ilex causue leaves), Chinese knot-weed tea, Chrysanthemum tea, Cinnamon, Coca tea, Coffee tea leaves and coffee cherry tea, Cerasse, Citrus peel (including bergamot, lemon and orange peel), Dandelion coffee, Dill tea, Echinacea tea, Elderberry, European Mistletoe (Viscum album), Essiac tea, Fennel, Gentian, Ginger root, Ginseng, Goji, Hawthorn, Hibiscus, Ho Yan Hor Herbal Tea, Honeybush, Horehound, Houttuynia, Hydrangea tea (Hydrangea serrata Amacha), Jiaogulan, Kapor tea, Kava root, Kratom, Kuzuyu, Labrador tea, Lapacho (also known as Taheebo), Lemon Balm, Lemon and ginger tea, Lemon grass, Luo han guo, Licorice root, Lime blossom, Mint, Mountain Tea, Neem leaf, Nettle leaf, New Jersey Tea, Noni tea, Oksusu cha, Pennyroyal leaf, Pine tea, Qishr, Red clover tea, Red raspberry leaf, Roasted barley tea, Roasted wheat, Rooibos (Red Bush), Rose hip, Roselle petals (species of Hibiscus; aka Bissap, Dah, etc.), Rosemary, Sagebrush, California Sagebrush, Sage, Sakurayu, Salvia, Scorched rice, Skullcap, Serendib (tea), Sobacha, Spicebush (Lindera benzoin), Spruce tea, Staghorn sumac fruit, Stevia, St. John's Wort, Tea (Camellia sinensis), Thyme, Tulsi, Holy Basil, Uncaria tomentosa, commonly known as Cat's Claw, Valerian, Verbena (Vervains), Vetiver, Wax gourd, Wong Lo Kat, Woodruff, and/or Yarrow; and/or Açai (Euterpe oleracea, Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Arnica (Arnica Montana, Asthma weed (Euphorbia hirta), Astragalus (Astragalus propinquus), Barberry (Berberis vulgaris), Belladonna (Atropa belladonna, Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), Bitter orange (Citrus×aurantium), Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), Blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus), Blueberries (genus Vaccinium), Burdock (Arctium lappa), Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa), Cayenne (Capsicum annuum), Celery (Apium graveolens), Chamomille (Matricaria recutita and Anthemis nobilis), Chaparral (Larrea tridentata), Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus), Chili (Capsicum frutescens), Cinchona, Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis), Comfrey (Symphytum officinale), Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), Dong quai (Angelica sinensis), Elderberry (Sambucus nigra), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), European Mistletoe (Viscum album), Evening primrose (Oenothera spp.), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Gingko (Gingko biloba), Ginseng (Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius), Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Hawthorn (specifically Crataegus monogyna and Crataegus laevigata), Hoodia (Hoodia gordonii), Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Horsetail (Equisetum arvense), Jamaica dogwood (Piscidia erythrina or Piscidia piscipula), Kava (Piper methysticum), Kha, Konjac (Amorphophallus konjac), Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), Kanna (Sceletium tortuosum), Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), Lemon (Citrus limon), Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Marigold (Calendula officinalis), Marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis), Milk thistle (Silybum marianum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Noni (Morinda citrifolia), Oregano (Origanum vulgare), Papaya (Carica papaya), Peppermint (Mentha×piperita), Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), Passion Flower (Passiflora), Red clover (Trifolium pratense), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Sage (Salvia officinalis), Syrian Rue (aka Harmal) (Peganum harmala), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), Thunder God Vine (Tripterygium wilfordii), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Tulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum or Holy Basil), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Umckaloabo (Pelargonium sidoides), Valerian (Valeriana officinalis), White willow (Salix alba), and/or Yerba santa (Eriodictyon crassifolium); and/or white tea, yellow tea, green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and/or pu-erh tea; including mixtures or blends thereof. 4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the layer of fibrous plant product comprises a blend of different plants. 5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the plant extract comprises a blend of different plants. 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the layer of fibrous plant product and the plant extract are from the same plant or from different plants. 7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the layer of fibrous plant product comprises at least 70% of fibrous plant product from one plant. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the and the plant extract comprises at least 70% of a plant extract from one plant. 9. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the at least 70% of fibrous plant product and the at least 70% of a plant extract is from tea. 10. A method for producing a composition for making a beverage, the composition comprising a layer of fibrous plant product and a plant extract applied thereto, the method comprising the steps of:
a) extracting components of at least one plant with a solvent; b) separating the soluble portion (plant extract) from the non-soluble portion (solid plant particles); c) optionally refining the non-soluble portion; d) preparing a sheet-like product from the non-soluble portion; e) optionally concentrating the soluble portion; f) applying the soluble portion of step b) or concentrated soluble portion of step e) to the sheet of step d); and g) drying the product of step f) to obtain the composition for making a beverage. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the extracting step is performed using components of a blend of plants. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the extracting step is performed using components of a single plant. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the non-soluble portion of the plant is mixed with the non-soluble portion of at least one further plant prior to preparing the sheet. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the soluble portion of step b) or concentrated soluble portion of step e) is mixed with the soluble portion or concentrated soluble portion of at least one further plant prior to applying the soluble portion or concentrated soluble portion to the sheet. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of adding or removing ingredients from the soluble portion (plant extract) and/or from the non-soluble portion (solid plant particles) prior to applying the soluble portion of step b) or concentrated soluble portion of step e) to the sheet of step d). 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the composition of step g) is further cut or broken into small regularly or irregularly shaped forms or formed into shapes, dimensions and formats, such as sheets, leafs, sticks, bands, cups, mugs, bowls, flasks, kettles, bottles, straws or tubes, discs or sheets. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of fruits, herbs, medicinal plants, tea, vegetables and spices or mixtures thereof. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the fruits, herbs, medicinal plants, tea, vegetables and spices are selected from artemisia, balm, basil, chamomile, chive, cloves, coffee, coriander, dill, garlic, ginger, ginseng, gingko, jasmine, lavender, mint, orange blossom, oregano, persil, rooibos, rosa centifolia, rosemary, thyme, turmeric, sage, pepper, chili pepper, stevia rebaudiana, tarragon, white tea, yellow tea, green tea, oolong tea, black tea, pu-erh tea, vanilla, red or green vine, violet and/or willow; and/or Ajwain, carom seeds (Trachyspermum ammi), Akudjura (Solanum centrale), Alexanders (Smymium olusatrum), Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria), Alligator pepper, mbongo spice (mbongochobi), hepper pepper (Aframomum danielli, A. citratum, A. exscapum), Allspice (Pimenta dioica), Angelica (Angelica archangelica), Anise (Pimpinella anisum), Aniseed myrtle (Syzygium anisatum), Annatto (Bixa orellana), Apple mint (Mentha suaveolens), Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida), Asarabacca (Asarum europaeum), Avens (Geum urbanum), Avocado leaf (Peresea americana), Barberry (Berberis vulgaris and other Berberis spp.), Basil, sweet (Ocimum basilicum), Basil, lemon (Ocimum×citriodorum), Basil, Thai (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora), Basil, Holy (Ocimum tenuiflorum), Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis), Bay leaf, Indian, tejpat, malabathrum, Boldo (Peumus boldus), Borage (Borago officinalis), Black cardamom (Amomum subulatum, Amomum costatum), Black mustard (Brassica nigra), Blue fenugreek, blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea), Brown mustard (Brassica juncea), Caraway (Carum carvi), Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), Carob (Ceratonia siliqua), Catnip (Nepeta cataria), Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum), Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), Celery leaf (Apium graveolens), Celery seed (Apium graveolens), Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium), Chicory (Cichorium intybus), Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.), Chives (Allium schoenoprasum), Cicely, sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata), Cilantro, coriander greens, coriander herb (Coriandrum sativum), Cinnamon, Indonesian (Cinnamomum burmannii, Cassia vera), Cinnamon, Saigon or Vietnamese (Cinnamomum loureirori), Cinnamon, true or Ceylon (Cinnamomum verum, C. zeylanicum), Cinnamon, white (Canella winterana), Cinnamon myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia), Clary, Clary sage (Salvia sclarea), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum), Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita), Cuban oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus), Cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba), Cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.), Culantro, culangot, long coriander (Eryngium foetidum), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii), Curry plant (Helichrysum italicum), Dill seed (Anethum graveolens), Dill herb or weed (Anethum graveolens), Elderflower (Sambucus spp.), Epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Filé powder, gumbo filé (Sassafras albidum), Fingerroot, krachai, temu kuntji (Boesenbergia rotunda), Galangal, greater (Alpinia galanga), Galangal, lesser (Alpinia officinarum), Galingale (Cyperus spp.), Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Garlic, elephant (Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Ginger, torch, bunga siantan (Etlingera elatior) (Indonesia), Golpar, Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) (Iran), Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta), Grains of Selim, Kani pepper (Xylopia aethiopica), Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), Houttuynia cordata (Vietnam), Huacatay, Mexican marigold, mint marigold (Tagetes minuta), Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), Indonesian bay leaf, daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum), Jasmine flowers (Jasminum spp.), Jimbu (Allium hypsistum) (Nepal), Juniper berry (Juniperus communis), Kaffir lime leaves, Makrud lime leaves (Citrus hystrix) (Southeast Asia), Kala zeera (or kala jira), black cumin (Bunium persicum) (South Asia), Kawakawa seeds (Macropiper excelsum) (New Zealand), Kencur, galangal, kentjur (Kaempferia galanga), Keluak, kluwak, kepayang (Pangium edule), Kinh gioi, Vietnamese balm (Elsholtzia ciliata), Kokam seed (Garcinia indica) (Indian confectionery), Korarima, Ethiopian cardamom, false cardamom (Aframomum corrorima) (Eritrea), Koseret leaves (Lippia adoensis) (Ethiopia), Lavender (Lavandula spp.), Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other Cymbopogon spp.), Lemon ironbark (Eucalyptus staigeriana) (Australia), Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) (Australia), Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora), Leptotes bicolor (Paraguay and southern Brazil), Lesser calamint (Calamintha nepeta), nipitella, nepitella (Italy), Licorice, liquorice (Glycynhiza glabra), Lime flower, linden flower (Tilia spp.), Lovage (Levisticum officinale), Mace (Myristica fragrans), Mahlab, St. Lucie cherry (Prunus mahaleb), Marjoram (Origanum majorana), Marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis), Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus), Mint (Mentha spp.), Mountain horopito (Pseudowintera colorata) ‘Pepper-plant’ (New Zealand), Musk mallow, abelmosk (Abelmoschus moschatus), Mustard, black, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica nigra), Mustard, brown, mustard plant, mustard seed (Brassica juncea), Mustard, white, mustard plant, mustard seed (Sinapis alba), Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus), Nigella, kalonji, black caraway, black onion seed (Nigella sativa), Njangsa, djansang (Ricinodendron heudelotii) (West Africa), Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), Neem, Olida (Eucalyptus olida) (Australia), Oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species), Orris root (Iris germanica, I. florentina, I. pallida), Pandan flower, kewra (Pandanus odoratissimus), Pandan leaf, screwpine (Pandanus amaryllifolius, Paprika (Capsicum annuum), Paracress (Spilanthes acmella, Soleracea) (Brazil), Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Pepper black, white, and green (Piper nigrum), Pepper, Dorrigo (Tasmannia stipitata) (Australia), Pepper, long (Piper longum), Pepper, mountain, Cornish pepper leaf (Tasmannia lanceolata), Peppermint (Mentha piperata), Peppermint gum leaf (Eucalyptus dives), Perilla, shiso (Perilla spp.), Peruvian pepper (Schinus molle), Pandanus amaryllifolius, Brazilian pepper or Pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius), Quassia (Quassia amara) (bitter spice in aperitifs and some beers and fortified wines), Ramsons, wood garlic (Allium ursinum), Rice paddy herb (Limnophila aromatica) (Vietnam), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Rue (Ruta graveolens), Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), for yellow color, Saffron (Crocus sativus), Sage (Salvia officinalis), Saigon cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi), Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor), Salep (Orchis mascula), Sassafras (Sassafras albidum), Savory, summer (Satureja hortensis), Savory, winter (Satureja montana), Silphium, silphion, laser, laserpicium, lasarpicium (Ancient Roman cuisine, Ancient Greek cuisine), Shiso (Perilla frutescens), Sorrel (Rumex acetosa), Sorrel, sheep (Rumex acetosella), Spearmint (Mentha spicata), Spikenard (Nardostachys grandiflora or N. jatamansi), Star anise (Illicium verum), Sumac (Rhus coriaria), Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum), Szechuan pepper, Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum), Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Thyme, lemon (Thymus×citriodorus), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia), Vietnamese cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi), Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata), Voatsiperifery (Piper borbonense), Wasabi (Wasabia japonica), Water-pepper, smartweed (Polygonum hydropiper), Watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquatica), Wattleseed (from about 120 spp. of Australian Acacia), White mustard (Sinapis alba), Wild betel (Piper sarmentosum) (Southeast Asia), Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum), Willow herb (Epilobium parviflorum), Winter savory (Satureja montana), Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), Wood avens, herb bennet (Geum urbanum), Woodruff (Galium odoratum), Wormwood, absinthe (Artemisia absinthium), Yellow mustard (Brassica hirta=Sinapis alba), Yerba buena, any of four different species, many unrelated, Za'atar (herbs from the genera Origanum, Calamintha, Thymus, and/or Satureja), Zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria); and/or Anise tea (seeds or leaves), Asiatic penny-wort leaf, Artichoke tea, Bee Balm, Boldo, Burdock, Caraway tea, Catnip tea, Chamomile tea, Che Dang tea (Ilex causue leaves), Chinese knot-weed tea, Chrysanthemum tea, Cinnamon, Coca tea, Coffee tea leaves and coffee cherry tea, Cerasse, Citrus peel (including bergamot, lemon and orange peel), Dandelion coffee, Dill tea, Echinacea tea, Elderberry, European Mistletoe (Viscum album), Essiac tea, Fennel, Gentian, Ginger root, Ginseng, Goji, Hawthorn, Hibiscus, Ho Yan Hor Herbal Tea, Honeybush, Horehound, Houttuynia, Hydrangea tea (Hydrangea serrata Amacha), Jiaogulan, Kapor tea, Kava root, Kratom, Kuzuyu, Labrador tea, Lapacho (also known as Taheebo), Lemon Balm, Lemon and ginger tea, Lemon grass, Luo han guo, Licorice root, Lime blossom, Mint, Mountain Tea, Neem leaf, Nettle leaf, New Jersey Tea, Noni tea, Oksusu cha, Pennyroyal leaf, Pine tea, Qishr, Red clover tea, Red raspberry leaf, Roasted barley tea, Roasted wheat, Rooibos (Red Bush), Rose hip, Roselle petals (species of Hibiscus; aka Bissap, Dah, etc.), Rosemary, Sagebrush, California Sagebrush, Sage, Sakurayu, Salvia, Scorched rice, Skullcap, Serendib (tea), Sobacha, Spicebush (Lindera benzoin), Spruce tea, Staghorn sumac fruit, Stevia, St. John's Wort, Tea (Camellia sinensis), Thyme, Tulsi, Holy Basil, Uncaria tomentosa, commonly known as Cat's Claw, Valerian, Verbena (Vervains), Vetiver, Wax gourd, Wong Lo Kat, Woodruff, and/or Yarrow; and/or Açai (Euterpe oleracea, Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Arnica (Arnica Montana, Asthma weed (Euphorbia hirta), Astragalus (Astragalus propinquus), Barberry (Berberis vulgaris), Belladonna (Atropa belladonna, Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), Bitter orange (Citrus×aurantium), Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), Blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus), Blueberries (genus Vaccinium), Burdock (Arctium lappa), Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa), Cayenne (Capsicum annuum), Celery (Apium graveolens), Chamomille (Matricaria recutita and Anthemis nobilis), Chaparral (Larrea tridentata), Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus), Chili (Capsicum frutescens), Cinchona, Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), Coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis), Comfrey (Symphytum officinale), Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), Dong quai (Angelica sinensis), Elderberry (Sambucus nigra), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), European Mistletoe (Viscum album), Evening primrose (Oenothera spp.), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Gingko (Gingko biloba), Ginseng (Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius), Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Hawthorn (specifically Crataegus monogyna and Crataegus laevigata), Hoodia (Hoodia gordonii), Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Horsetail (Equisetum arvense), Jamaica dogwood (Piscidia erythrina or Piscidia piscipula), Kava (Piper methysticum), Kha, Konjac (Amorphophallus konjac), Kratom (Mitregyna speciosa), Kanna (Sceletium tortuosum), Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), Lemon (Citrus limon), Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Marigold (Calendula officinalis), Marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis), Milk thistle (Silybum marianum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Noni (Morinda citrifoblia), Oregano (Origanum vulgare), Papaya (Carica papaya), Peppermint (Mentha×piperita), Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), Passion Flower (Passiflora), Red clover (Trifolium pretense), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Sage (Salvia officinalis), Syrian Rue (aka Harmal) (Peganum harmala), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), Thunder God Vine (Tripterygium wilfordii), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Tulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum or Holy Basil), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Umckaloabo (Pelargonium sidoides), Valerian (Valeriana officinalis), White willow (Salix alba), and/or Yerba santa (Eriodictyon crassifolium); and/or white tea, yellow tea, green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and/or pu-erh tea; including mixtures or blends thereof. 19. The method of claim 10, wherein the sheet-like product is a fiber web. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein, the fiber-web comprises from about 5% to about 100% (w/w) tea or herbs fibers. 21-33. (canceled) | 1,700 |
4,319 | 16,231,042 | 1,712 | There is provided a thin film manufacturing method which allows both a reduction in the carbon impurity concentration and a high film forming speed, as well as allows separate formation of stable crystal structures. There is provided a method for manufacturing an oxide crystal thin film. The method includes carrying raw material fine particles to a film forming chamber by means of a carrier gas, the raw material fine particles being formed from a raw material solution including water and at least one of a gallium compound and an indium compound, and forming an oxide crystal thin film on a sample on which films are to be formed, the sample being placed in the film forming chamber. At least one of the gallium compound and the indium compound is bromide or iodide. | 1. A method of manufacturing an oxide crystal film comprising:
preparing a raw material solution comprising water and at least one compound that is selected from among gallium bromide, gallium iodide, indium bromide and indium iodide; forming raw material particles from the raw material solution comprising water and the at least one compound; carrying the raw material particles to a surface of a sample by a carrier gas; and forming an oxide crystal film comprising a corundum structure on the surface of the sample that comprises a corundum structure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure comprises an α-phase In2O3 crystal. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure comprises an α-phase Ga2O3 crystal. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure is a mixed crystal film. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein
the at least one compound with a concentration that is 0.005 to 2 mol/L is comprised in the raw material solution. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein
the carrier gas has a flow rate of 0.5 to 10 L/min. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein
the α-phase In2O3 crystal is oriented to a crystal axis. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein
the α-phase Ga2O3 crystal is oriented to a crystal axis. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein
the forming the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure on the surface of the sample that comprises the corundum structure is conducted at a temperature of 400 to 700° C. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein
the raw material particles carried to the surface of the sample further comprises particles formed from another raw material solution that comprises an aluminum organometallic complex. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure is a mixed crystal film. 12. A method of manufacturing an oxide crystal film comprising:
preparing a first raw material solution comprising water and at least one compound that is selected from gallium bromide and gallium iodide; forming raw material particles from the first raw material solution comprising water and the at least one compound; carrying the raw material particles to a surface of a sample by a carrier gas, the raw material particles to the surface of the sample further comprising particles formed from a second raw material solution that comprises water and an aluminum organometallic complex; and forming an oxide crystal film comprising a corundum structure on the surface of the sample that comprises a corundum structure. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure is a mixed crystal film. 14. A method of manufacturing an oxide crystal film comprising:
preparing a raw material solution comprising water and at least one compound that is selected from indium bromide and indium iodide; forming raw material particles from the raw material solution comprising water and the at least one compound; carrying the raw material particles to a surface of a sample by a carrier gas; and forming an oxide crystal film comprising a corundum structure on the surface of the sample that comprises a corundum structure. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure comprises an α-phase In2O3 crystal. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein
the raw material particles carried to the surface of the sample further comprises particles formed from another raw material solution that comprises an aluminum organometallic complex. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure is a mixed crystal film. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein
the at least one compound with a concentration that is 0.005 to 2 mol/L is comprised in the raw material solution. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein
the carrier gas has a flow rate of 0.5 to 10 L/min. 20. The method of claim 3, wherein
the α-phase Ga2O3 crystal is a corundum-structured single phase. | There is provided a thin film manufacturing method which allows both a reduction in the carbon impurity concentration and a high film forming speed, as well as allows separate formation of stable crystal structures. There is provided a method for manufacturing an oxide crystal thin film. The method includes carrying raw material fine particles to a film forming chamber by means of a carrier gas, the raw material fine particles being formed from a raw material solution including water and at least one of a gallium compound and an indium compound, and forming an oxide crystal thin film on a sample on which films are to be formed, the sample being placed in the film forming chamber. At least one of the gallium compound and the indium compound is bromide or iodide.1. A method of manufacturing an oxide crystal film comprising:
preparing a raw material solution comprising water and at least one compound that is selected from among gallium bromide, gallium iodide, indium bromide and indium iodide; forming raw material particles from the raw material solution comprising water and the at least one compound; carrying the raw material particles to a surface of a sample by a carrier gas; and forming an oxide crystal film comprising a corundum structure on the surface of the sample that comprises a corundum structure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure comprises an α-phase In2O3 crystal. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure comprises an α-phase Ga2O3 crystal. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure is a mixed crystal film. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein
the at least one compound with a concentration that is 0.005 to 2 mol/L is comprised in the raw material solution. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein
the carrier gas has a flow rate of 0.5 to 10 L/min. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein
the α-phase In2O3 crystal is oriented to a crystal axis. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein
the α-phase Ga2O3 crystal is oriented to a crystal axis. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein
the forming the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure on the surface of the sample that comprises the corundum structure is conducted at a temperature of 400 to 700° C. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein
the raw material particles carried to the surface of the sample further comprises particles formed from another raw material solution that comprises an aluminum organometallic complex. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure is a mixed crystal film. 12. A method of manufacturing an oxide crystal film comprising:
preparing a first raw material solution comprising water and at least one compound that is selected from gallium bromide and gallium iodide; forming raw material particles from the first raw material solution comprising water and the at least one compound; carrying the raw material particles to a surface of a sample by a carrier gas, the raw material particles to the surface of the sample further comprising particles formed from a second raw material solution that comprises water and an aluminum organometallic complex; and forming an oxide crystal film comprising a corundum structure on the surface of the sample that comprises a corundum structure. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure is a mixed crystal film. 14. A method of manufacturing an oxide crystal film comprising:
preparing a raw material solution comprising water and at least one compound that is selected from indium bromide and indium iodide; forming raw material particles from the raw material solution comprising water and the at least one compound; carrying the raw material particles to a surface of a sample by a carrier gas; and forming an oxide crystal film comprising a corundum structure on the surface of the sample that comprises a corundum structure. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure comprises an α-phase In2O3 crystal. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein
the raw material particles carried to the surface of the sample further comprises particles formed from another raw material solution that comprises an aluminum organometallic complex. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein
the oxide crystal film comprising the corundum structure is a mixed crystal film. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein
the at least one compound with a concentration that is 0.005 to 2 mol/L is comprised in the raw material solution. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein
the carrier gas has a flow rate of 0.5 to 10 L/min. 20. The method of claim 3, wherein
the α-phase Ga2O3 crystal is a corundum-structured single phase. | 1,700 |
4,320 | 15,591,903 | 1,745 | Resin infusing a composite preform includes placing a first vacuum bagging film over a tool surface and the composite preform to define a sealed first chamber. A bridge structure has an underside defining a cavity above the first vacuum bagging film. A second vacuum bagging film is placed over the first vacuum bagging film and the bridge structure to define a sealed second chamber. At least partial vacuum pressure is applied to the first chamber to drive resin from a resin supply through the first chamber, infusing the composite preform with resin. Partial vacuum pressure is applied inside the second chamber and an exterior pressure is applied outside the second vacuum bagging film while. The exterior pressure exceeds the pressure applied to the first and second chambers, thereby compacting the composite preform outside of a region, with the bridge supporting the second vacuum bagging film against the exterior pressure. | 1. A method of resin infusing a composite preform, said method comprising:
locating a composite preform on an upper tool surface of a tool; placing a first vacuum bagging film over said tool surface to cover said composite preform and define a sealed first chamber between said tool surface and said first vacuum bagging film; locating a bridge structure over said first vacuum bagging film over a region of said composite preform, said bridge structure having an underside defining a recess forming a cavity above said first vacuum bagging film; placing a second vacuum bagging film over said first vacuum bagging film and said bridge structure to define a sealed second chamber between said first and second vacuum bagging films; communicating a resin supply with said first chamber on an upstream side of said composite preform; applying at least partial vacuum pressure to said first chamber on a downstream side of said composite preform to establish a pressure differential to drive resin from said resin supply through said first chamber, infusing said composite preform with resin; applying at least partial vacuum pressure to said second chamber, including to said cavity, whilst infusing said composite preform; exposing the exterior of said second vacuum bagging film to an exterior pressure whilst infusing said composite preform, said exterior pressure exceeding the pressure applied to said first and second chambers, thereby acting on said composite preform outside of said region to compact said composite preform outside of said region; and supporting said second vacuum bagging film against said exterior pressure with said bridge structure whilst infusing said composite preform. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said exterior pressure substantially equal to, or greater than, atmospheric pressure. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein locating said bridge structure comprises locating said bridge structure over a region of said composite preform susceptible to resin starvation. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein locating said composite preform comprises locating a composite preform having a non-uniform thickness on said tool surface, and locating said bridge structure comprises locating said bridge structure over a region of said composite preform having a thickness greater than an average thickness of said composite preform. 5. A method of fabricating a composite structure, said method comprising:
resin infusing a composite preform according to the method of claim 1 to form a resin infused composite preform; and curing said resin infused composite preform. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising, whilst curing said resin infused composite preform, applying a pressure to said second chamber, including to said cavity, exceeding the at least partial vacuum pressure applied whilst infusing said composite preform. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein curing said resin infused composite preform comprises heating said resin infused composite preform to a cure temperature, said bridge structure structurally failing during said heating, collapsing said cavity, such that said bridge structure does not support said second vacuum bagging film during curing of said resin infused composite preform, allowing said exterior pressure to act on said region of said composite preform during curing. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein locating said bridge structure comprises locating a bridge structure formed of a thermoplastic material with a melting temperature at or below said cure temperature, said bridge structure structurally failing by melting. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein said thermoplastic material has a melting temperature of between 110° C. and 160° C. 10. A resin infusion system for resin infusing a composite preform, said system comprising:
a tool having an upper tool surface receiving a composite preform to be resin infused; a first vacuum bagging film covering said composite preform to define a sealed first chamber between said first vacuum bagging film and said tool surface; a second vacuum bagging film covering said first vacuum bagging film to define a sealed second chamber between said first and second vacuum bagging films; a bridge structure located in said second chamber over a region of said composite preform, said bridge structure supporting said second vacuum bagging film and having an underside defining a recess forming a cavity above said first vacuum bagging film; a resin supply communicating with said first chamber on an upstream side of said composite preform; a vacuum source communicating with said first chamber on a downstream side of said composite preform; and a vacuum source communicating with said second chamber, including with said cavity. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein said composite preform has a non-uniform thickness, said region of said composite preform having a thickness greater than an average thickness of said composite preform. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein said bridge structure is configured to structurally fail at a temperature at or below a cure temperature of said resin. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said bridge structure is formed of a thermoplastic material having a melting temperature at or below said cure temperature, said bridge structure being configured to structurally fail by melting. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein said thermoplastic material has a melting temperature of between 110° C. and 160° C. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein said thermoplastic material has a melting temperature between 120° C. and 140° C. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein said bridge structure comprises a roof and at least one wall depending from a periphery of said roof to an edge of said bridge structure located on said first vacuum bagging film. 17. The system of claim 16 wherein said bridge structure has a pair of said walls depending from opposing sides of said periphery of said roof. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein said bridge structure has one wall extending about a periphery of said roof. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein each said wall flares outwardly towards said edge to define a foot supported by said first vacuum bagging film. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein a thickness of said foot tapers to said edge. | Resin infusing a composite preform includes placing a first vacuum bagging film over a tool surface and the composite preform to define a sealed first chamber. A bridge structure has an underside defining a cavity above the first vacuum bagging film. A second vacuum bagging film is placed over the first vacuum bagging film and the bridge structure to define a sealed second chamber. At least partial vacuum pressure is applied to the first chamber to drive resin from a resin supply through the first chamber, infusing the composite preform with resin. Partial vacuum pressure is applied inside the second chamber and an exterior pressure is applied outside the second vacuum bagging film while. The exterior pressure exceeds the pressure applied to the first and second chambers, thereby compacting the composite preform outside of a region, with the bridge supporting the second vacuum bagging film against the exterior pressure.1. A method of resin infusing a composite preform, said method comprising:
locating a composite preform on an upper tool surface of a tool; placing a first vacuum bagging film over said tool surface to cover said composite preform and define a sealed first chamber between said tool surface and said first vacuum bagging film; locating a bridge structure over said first vacuum bagging film over a region of said composite preform, said bridge structure having an underside defining a recess forming a cavity above said first vacuum bagging film; placing a second vacuum bagging film over said first vacuum bagging film and said bridge structure to define a sealed second chamber between said first and second vacuum bagging films; communicating a resin supply with said first chamber on an upstream side of said composite preform; applying at least partial vacuum pressure to said first chamber on a downstream side of said composite preform to establish a pressure differential to drive resin from said resin supply through said first chamber, infusing said composite preform with resin; applying at least partial vacuum pressure to said second chamber, including to said cavity, whilst infusing said composite preform; exposing the exterior of said second vacuum bagging film to an exterior pressure whilst infusing said composite preform, said exterior pressure exceeding the pressure applied to said first and second chambers, thereby acting on said composite preform outside of said region to compact said composite preform outside of said region; and supporting said second vacuum bagging film against said exterior pressure with said bridge structure whilst infusing said composite preform. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said exterior pressure substantially equal to, or greater than, atmospheric pressure. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein locating said bridge structure comprises locating said bridge structure over a region of said composite preform susceptible to resin starvation. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein locating said composite preform comprises locating a composite preform having a non-uniform thickness on said tool surface, and locating said bridge structure comprises locating said bridge structure over a region of said composite preform having a thickness greater than an average thickness of said composite preform. 5. A method of fabricating a composite structure, said method comprising:
resin infusing a composite preform according to the method of claim 1 to form a resin infused composite preform; and curing said resin infused composite preform. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising, whilst curing said resin infused composite preform, applying a pressure to said second chamber, including to said cavity, exceeding the at least partial vacuum pressure applied whilst infusing said composite preform. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein curing said resin infused composite preform comprises heating said resin infused composite preform to a cure temperature, said bridge structure structurally failing during said heating, collapsing said cavity, such that said bridge structure does not support said second vacuum bagging film during curing of said resin infused composite preform, allowing said exterior pressure to act on said region of said composite preform during curing. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein locating said bridge structure comprises locating a bridge structure formed of a thermoplastic material with a melting temperature at or below said cure temperature, said bridge structure structurally failing by melting. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein said thermoplastic material has a melting temperature of between 110° C. and 160° C. 10. A resin infusion system for resin infusing a composite preform, said system comprising:
a tool having an upper tool surface receiving a composite preform to be resin infused; a first vacuum bagging film covering said composite preform to define a sealed first chamber between said first vacuum bagging film and said tool surface; a second vacuum bagging film covering said first vacuum bagging film to define a sealed second chamber between said first and second vacuum bagging films; a bridge structure located in said second chamber over a region of said composite preform, said bridge structure supporting said second vacuum bagging film and having an underside defining a recess forming a cavity above said first vacuum bagging film; a resin supply communicating with said first chamber on an upstream side of said composite preform; a vacuum source communicating with said first chamber on a downstream side of said composite preform; and a vacuum source communicating with said second chamber, including with said cavity. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein said composite preform has a non-uniform thickness, said region of said composite preform having a thickness greater than an average thickness of said composite preform. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein said bridge structure is configured to structurally fail at a temperature at or below a cure temperature of said resin. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said bridge structure is formed of a thermoplastic material having a melting temperature at or below said cure temperature, said bridge structure being configured to structurally fail by melting. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein said thermoplastic material has a melting temperature of between 110° C. and 160° C. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein said thermoplastic material has a melting temperature between 120° C. and 140° C. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein said bridge structure comprises a roof and at least one wall depending from a periphery of said roof to an edge of said bridge structure located on said first vacuum bagging film. 17. The system of claim 16 wherein said bridge structure has a pair of said walls depending from opposing sides of said periphery of said roof. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein said bridge structure has one wall extending about a periphery of said roof. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein each said wall flares outwardly towards said edge to define a foot supported by said first vacuum bagging film. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein a thickness of said foot tapers to said edge. | 1,700 |
4,321 | 15,690,338 | 1,774 | An ultraviolet (UV) light sanitizing system is configured to sanitize a surface of a component. The UV light sanitizing system includes a UV light assembly including a UV light source that is configured to emit UV light onto the surface of the component. An airflow generator is configured to generate airflow within a region of UV light emission between the UV light source and the surface of the component. The airflow generated by the airflow generator disrupts formation of ozone. | 1. An ultraviolet (UV) light sanitizing system that is configured to sanitize a surface of a component, the UV light sanitizing system comprising:
a UV light assembly including a UV light source that is configured to emit UV light onto the surface of the component; and an airflow generator that is configured to generate airflow within a region of UV light emission between the UV light source and the surface of the component, wherein the airflow generated by the airflow generator disrupts formation of ozone. 2. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 1, further comprising a housing, wherein the UV light assembly is secured within the housing. 3. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 2, wherein the airflow generator is secured to the housing. 4. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 2, wherein the airflow generator is remotely located from the housing, wherein the airflow generator is configured to be secured proximate to a portion of the component. 5. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 1, further comprising a UV light control unit operatively coupled to the UV light assembly and the airflow generator, wherein the UV light control unit is configured to control operation of the UV light assembly and the airflow generator. 6. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 5, wherein the UV light control unit is configured to activate the UV light source during a sanitizing cycle. 7. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 6, wherein the UV light control unit is configured to activate the airflow generator before the UV light source is activated during the sanitizing cycle. 8. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 1, wherein the airflow generator comprises a fan assembly including at least one fan operatively coupled to at least one actuator. 9. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 1, wherein the airflow generator is configured to generate airflow along the region of UV light emission. 10. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 1, wherein the airflow generator is configured to generate airflow across the region of UV light emission. 11. An ultraviolet (UV) light sanitizing method that is configured to sanitize a surface of a component, the UV light sanitizing method comprising:
emitting UV light onto the surface of the component with a UV light source of a UV light assembly; using an airflow generator to generate airflow within a region of UV light emission between the UV light source and the surface of the component; and disrupting formation of ozone with the airflow generated by the airflow generator. 12. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 11, further comprising securing the UV light assembly within a housing. 13. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 12, further comprising securing the airflow generator to the housing. 14. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 12, further comprising remotely locating the airflow generator from the housing, wherein the remotely locating comprises securing the airflow generator proximate to a portion of the component. 15. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 11, further comprising:
operatively coupling a UV light control unit to the UV light assembly and the airflow generator; and using the UV light control unit to control operation of the UV light assembly and the airflow generator. 16. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 15, wherein the using the UV light control unit comprises activating the UV light source during a sanitizing cycle. 17. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 16, wherein the using the UV light control unit comprises activating the airflow generator before the UV light source is activated during the sanitizing cycle. 18. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 15, wherein the using the airflow generator comprises generating airflow along the region of UV light emission. 19. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 15, wherein the using the airflow generator comprises generating airflow across the region of UV light emission. 20. A vehicle comprising:
an internal cabin; a lavatory within the internal cabin, wherein the lavatory comprises a component; and an ultraviolet (UV) light sanitizing system disposed within the lavatory and configured to sanitize a surface of the component, the UV light sanitizing system comprising:
a housing;
a UV light assembly including a UV light source that is configured to emit UV light onto the surface of the component, wherein the UV light assembly is secured within the housing;
an airflow generator that is configured to generate airflow within a region of UV light emission between the UV light source and the surface of the component, wherein the airflow generated by the airflow generator disrupts formation of ozone, wherein the airflow generator is configured to generate airflow one or both of along and across the region of UV light emission; and
a UV light control unit operatively coupled to the UV light assembly and the airflow generator, wherein the UV light control unit is configured to control operation of the UV light assembly and the airflow generator, wherein the UV light control unit is configured to activate the UV light source during a sanitizing cycle. | An ultraviolet (UV) light sanitizing system is configured to sanitize a surface of a component. The UV light sanitizing system includes a UV light assembly including a UV light source that is configured to emit UV light onto the surface of the component. An airflow generator is configured to generate airflow within a region of UV light emission between the UV light source and the surface of the component. The airflow generated by the airflow generator disrupts formation of ozone.1. An ultraviolet (UV) light sanitizing system that is configured to sanitize a surface of a component, the UV light sanitizing system comprising:
a UV light assembly including a UV light source that is configured to emit UV light onto the surface of the component; and an airflow generator that is configured to generate airflow within a region of UV light emission between the UV light source and the surface of the component, wherein the airflow generated by the airflow generator disrupts formation of ozone. 2. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 1, further comprising a housing, wherein the UV light assembly is secured within the housing. 3. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 2, wherein the airflow generator is secured to the housing. 4. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 2, wherein the airflow generator is remotely located from the housing, wherein the airflow generator is configured to be secured proximate to a portion of the component. 5. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 1, further comprising a UV light control unit operatively coupled to the UV light assembly and the airflow generator, wherein the UV light control unit is configured to control operation of the UV light assembly and the airflow generator. 6. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 5, wherein the UV light control unit is configured to activate the UV light source during a sanitizing cycle. 7. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 6, wherein the UV light control unit is configured to activate the airflow generator before the UV light source is activated during the sanitizing cycle. 8. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 1, wherein the airflow generator comprises a fan assembly including at least one fan operatively coupled to at least one actuator. 9. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 1, wherein the airflow generator is configured to generate airflow along the region of UV light emission. 10. The UV light sanitizing system of claim 1, wherein the airflow generator is configured to generate airflow across the region of UV light emission. 11. An ultraviolet (UV) light sanitizing method that is configured to sanitize a surface of a component, the UV light sanitizing method comprising:
emitting UV light onto the surface of the component with a UV light source of a UV light assembly; using an airflow generator to generate airflow within a region of UV light emission between the UV light source and the surface of the component; and disrupting formation of ozone with the airflow generated by the airflow generator. 12. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 11, further comprising securing the UV light assembly within a housing. 13. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 12, further comprising securing the airflow generator to the housing. 14. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 12, further comprising remotely locating the airflow generator from the housing, wherein the remotely locating comprises securing the airflow generator proximate to a portion of the component. 15. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 11, further comprising:
operatively coupling a UV light control unit to the UV light assembly and the airflow generator; and using the UV light control unit to control operation of the UV light assembly and the airflow generator. 16. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 15, wherein the using the UV light control unit comprises activating the UV light source during a sanitizing cycle. 17. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 16, wherein the using the UV light control unit comprises activating the airflow generator before the UV light source is activated during the sanitizing cycle. 18. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 15, wherein the using the airflow generator comprises generating airflow along the region of UV light emission. 19. The UV light sanitizing method of claim 15, wherein the using the airflow generator comprises generating airflow across the region of UV light emission. 20. A vehicle comprising:
an internal cabin; a lavatory within the internal cabin, wherein the lavatory comprises a component; and an ultraviolet (UV) light sanitizing system disposed within the lavatory and configured to sanitize a surface of the component, the UV light sanitizing system comprising:
a housing;
a UV light assembly including a UV light source that is configured to emit UV light onto the surface of the component, wherein the UV light assembly is secured within the housing;
an airflow generator that is configured to generate airflow within a region of UV light emission between the UV light source and the surface of the component, wherein the airflow generated by the airflow generator disrupts formation of ozone, wherein the airflow generator is configured to generate airflow one or both of along and across the region of UV light emission; and
a UV light control unit operatively coupled to the UV light assembly and the airflow generator, wherein the UV light control unit is configured to control operation of the UV light assembly and the airflow generator, wherein the UV light control unit is configured to activate the UV light source during a sanitizing cycle. | 1,700 |
4,322 | 15,819,578 | 1,727 | An exemplary battery assembly includes, among other things, a first array of battery cells distributed along a first axis, and a second array of battery cells distributed along a second axis laterally spaced from the second axis. A thermal exchange plate is disposed between the first and second arrays. An endplate spans across at least a portion of axially facing end of both the first and second array. An exemplary securing method includes, among other things, positioning a first array of battery cells adjacent a first side of a thermal exchange plate, and a second array of battery cells adjacent an opposite, second side of the thermal exchange plate. The method includes securing the first and second arrays with an endplate spanning across axially facing ends of the both the first and second arrays. | 1. A battery assembly, comprising:
a first array of battery cells distributed along a first axis; a second array of battery cells distributed along a second axis laterally spaced from the second axis; a thermal exchange plate disposed between the first and second arrays; and an endplate spanning across at least a portion of an axially facing end of both the first and second array. 2. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein the endplate is a common endplate. 3. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein the endplate is a first endplate and the axially facing ends that face in a first axial direction, and further comprising a second endplate spanning across axially facing ends of both the first and second arrays that face in an opposite, second axial direction. 4. The battery assembly of claim 3, wherein a geometry of the first endplate mimics a geometry of the first endplate. 5. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein the endplate is secured directly to an axially facing side of the thermal exchange plate. 6. The battery assembly of claim 5, wherein the endplate is biased against the axially facing ends of both the first and second arrays when the endplate is secured directly to the axially facing side of the thermal exchange plate. 7. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein the endplate provides at least one aperture to move a coolant to the thermal exchange plate, from the thermal exchange plate, or both. 8. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein the first and second arrays are side-oriented arrays. 9. The battery assembly of claim 8, wherein the battery cells in the first and second arrays include respective bottom faces that interface directly with the thermal exchange plate, the battery cells within the first and second arrays further including a plurality of top faces opposite the bottom faces. 10. The battery assembly of claim 8, further comprising terminals of the battery cells in the first and second arrays, the terminals extend through respective faces of the battery cells opposite the thermal exchange plate. 11. A securing method, comprising:
positioning a first array of battery cells adjacent a first side of a thermal exchange plate, and a second array of battery cells adjacent an opposite, second side of the thermal exchange plate; and securing the first and second arrays with an endplate spanning across axially facing ends of the both the first and second arrays. 12. The securing method of claim 11, wherein the endplate is a common endplate. 13. The securing method of claim 11, wherein the endplate is a first endplate and further comprising sandwiching the first and second arrays axially between the first endplate and a second endplate that extends across axially facing ends of both the first and second arrays. 14. The securing method of claim 13, wherein a geometry of the first endplate mimics a geometry of the second endplate. 15. The securing method of claim 11, further comprising securing the endplate directly to an axially facing side of the thermal exchange plate. 16. The securing method of claim 15, further comprising biasing the endplate against the axially facing ends of both the first and second arrays when securing the endplate directly to the thermal exchange plate. 17. The securing method of claim 11, wherein the first and second arrays are side oriented arrays. 18. The securing method of claim 11, further comprising communicating thermal energy through respective bottom faces of the battery cells within the first and second arrays, and further comprising communicating electrical power to and from the battery cells through terminals disposed within another surface of the battery cells that is opposite the bottom surface. 19. The securing method of claim 11, further comprising communicating a fluid to the thermal exchange plate, from the thermal exchange plate, or both through an aperture provided within the thermal exchange plate. 20. The securing method of claim 11, further comprising, after the securing, repositioning the first and second arrays, and the thermal exchange plate, by interfacing with a handle member of the endplate. | An exemplary battery assembly includes, among other things, a first array of battery cells distributed along a first axis, and a second array of battery cells distributed along a second axis laterally spaced from the second axis. A thermal exchange plate is disposed between the first and second arrays. An endplate spans across at least a portion of axially facing end of both the first and second array. An exemplary securing method includes, among other things, positioning a first array of battery cells adjacent a first side of a thermal exchange plate, and a second array of battery cells adjacent an opposite, second side of the thermal exchange plate. The method includes securing the first and second arrays with an endplate spanning across axially facing ends of the both the first and second arrays.1. A battery assembly, comprising:
a first array of battery cells distributed along a first axis; a second array of battery cells distributed along a second axis laterally spaced from the second axis; a thermal exchange plate disposed between the first and second arrays; and an endplate spanning across at least a portion of an axially facing end of both the first and second array. 2. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein the endplate is a common endplate. 3. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein the endplate is a first endplate and the axially facing ends that face in a first axial direction, and further comprising a second endplate spanning across axially facing ends of both the first and second arrays that face in an opposite, second axial direction. 4. The battery assembly of claim 3, wherein a geometry of the first endplate mimics a geometry of the first endplate. 5. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein the endplate is secured directly to an axially facing side of the thermal exchange plate. 6. The battery assembly of claim 5, wherein the endplate is biased against the axially facing ends of both the first and second arrays when the endplate is secured directly to the axially facing side of the thermal exchange plate. 7. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein the endplate provides at least one aperture to move a coolant to the thermal exchange plate, from the thermal exchange plate, or both. 8. The battery assembly of claim 1, wherein the first and second arrays are side-oriented arrays. 9. The battery assembly of claim 8, wherein the battery cells in the first and second arrays include respective bottom faces that interface directly with the thermal exchange plate, the battery cells within the first and second arrays further including a plurality of top faces opposite the bottom faces. 10. The battery assembly of claim 8, further comprising terminals of the battery cells in the first and second arrays, the terminals extend through respective faces of the battery cells opposite the thermal exchange plate. 11. A securing method, comprising:
positioning a first array of battery cells adjacent a first side of a thermal exchange plate, and a second array of battery cells adjacent an opposite, second side of the thermal exchange plate; and securing the first and second arrays with an endplate spanning across axially facing ends of the both the first and second arrays. 12. The securing method of claim 11, wherein the endplate is a common endplate. 13. The securing method of claim 11, wherein the endplate is a first endplate and further comprising sandwiching the first and second arrays axially between the first endplate and a second endplate that extends across axially facing ends of both the first and second arrays. 14. The securing method of claim 13, wherein a geometry of the first endplate mimics a geometry of the second endplate. 15. The securing method of claim 11, further comprising securing the endplate directly to an axially facing side of the thermal exchange plate. 16. The securing method of claim 15, further comprising biasing the endplate against the axially facing ends of both the first and second arrays when securing the endplate directly to the thermal exchange plate. 17. The securing method of claim 11, wherein the first and second arrays are side oriented arrays. 18. The securing method of claim 11, further comprising communicating thermal energy through respective bottom faces of the battery cells within the first and second arrays, and further comprising communicating electrical power to and from the battery cells through terminals disposed within another surface of the battery cells that is opposite the bottom surface. 19. The securing method of claim 11, further comprising communicating a fluid to the thermal exchange plate, from the thermal exchange plate, or both through an aperture provided within the thermal exchange plate. 20. The securing method of claim 11, further comprising, after the securing, repositioning the first and second arrays, and the thermal exchange plate, by interfacing with a handle member of the endplate. | 1,700 |
4,323 | 15,077,057 | 1,714 | The present disclosure relates to processes for producing single crystal Group III Nitride articles, polycrystalline Group III Nitride source materials suitable for use in such processes, and processes for producing polycrystalline Group III Nitride articles suitable for use as such source materials. The polycrystalline Group III Nitride source material can particularly be a grown material formed by vapor deposition methods, such as hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HYPE), and can be characterized by parameters such as purity, N/Al molar ratio, and relative density that are within defined ranges. | 1. A process for producing a single crystal Aluminum Nitride article comprising physical vapor transport (PVT) growth of the single crystal Aluminum Nitride article using a source material comprising a grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass exhibits one or more of:
a) a carbon content of less than 1000 ppm; b) a silicon content of less than 1000 ppm; c) an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm; d) an N/A1 molar ratio of about 1; e) a relative density of at least 98%; f) an aluminum nitride purity of at least 99% by weight. 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass is a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) grown mass or a physical vapor deposition (PVD) grown mass. 4. A source material adapted for use in a physical vapor transport (PVT) growth process, the source material comprising a grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass that has been grown to have a thickness of about 2.5 cm or greater, to have at least one lateral dimension of about 12.5 cm or greater, to have an N/Al molar ratio of about 1, to have a relative density of at least 99%, and to have an aluminum nitride purity of at least 98% by weight. 5. The source material according to claim 4, wherein the grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass has been grown to have one or more of:
a) a carbon content of less than 1000 ppm; b) a silicon content of less than 1000 ppm; c) an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm. 6. The source material according to claim 4, wherein the grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass has been grown to a diameter of about 12.5 cm or greater. 7. The source material according to claim 4, wherein the grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass has been grown to have an average grain size of about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm. 8. The source material according to claim 4, wherein the grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass is a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) grown mass or a physical vapor deposition (PVD) grown mass. 9. A process for producing an Aluminum Nitride (AlN) single crystal via vapor phase transport (PVT), the process comprising:
providing an AlN source material and an AlN seed within a reactor in a spaced apart orientation; and heating the AlN source material in a manner sufficient to form volatilized species from the AlN source material for transport to the AlN seed; wherein the AlN source material comprises a grown polycrystalline AlN mass that has been grown to have a thickness of about 2.5 cm or greater, to have at least one lateral dimension of about 3 cm or greater, to have an N/Al molar ratio of about 1, to have a relative density of at least 98%, and to have an aluminum nitride purity of at least 99% by weight. 10. An AlN single crystal produced according to the process of claim 9, wherein the AlN single crystal is free or substantially free of one or a plurality of the following: inclusions, cracks, misoriented grains, domain boundaries, and polycrystals. 11. An AlN single crystal produced according to the process of claim 9, wherein the single crystal AlN has an optical absorption coefficient (alpha) at 265 nm of less than 100 cm−1. 12. An AlN single crystal produced according to the process of claim 9, wherein the AlN single crystal has an average dislocation density that is less than 10−4 cm−2 over the entire surface area of a single crystal that is larger than 20 mm diameter. 13. An AlN single crystal produced according to the process of claim 9, wherein the AlN single crystal has a boule height of greater than 2 cm. 14. An AlN single crystal produced according to the process of claim 9, wherein the AlN single crystal is larger than 25 mm in diameter and has a top surface entirely free of crystallographic tilt-domains greater than 30 arc-sec as measured by high resolution triple axis x-ray diffraction. 15. An Aluminum Nitride (AlN) seed that is derived from an AlN single crystal produced according to the process of claim 9. 16. An Aluminum Nitride (AlN) seed suitable for iterative growth of further generations of single crystal AlN, wherein:
the AlN seed comprises a fraction of a previous generation single crystal AlN; and the (00.2) X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rocking curve full width at half maximum (FWHM) for a seed line arising from the AlN seed changes by no more than 10 arc seconds over at least three generations of the iterative growth. 17. The AlN seed of claim 16, wherein the AlN seed is a fraction of a previous generation AlN single crystal by a vapor phase transport (PVT) process using an AlN source material that comprises a grown polycrystalline AlN mass that has been grown to have a thickness of about 2.5 cm or greater, to have at least one lateral dimension of about 3 cm or greater, to have an N/Al molar ratio of about 1, to have a relative density of at least 98%, and to have an aluminum nitride purity of at least 99% by weight. 18. A process for multi-generational Aluminum Nitride (AlN) single crystal seeded growth, the method comprising iteratively growing a next generation AlN single crystal using a seed from a previous generation AlN single crystal, said iterative growing utilizing a grown polycrystalline AlN mass of a suitable quality such that physical AlN single crystal size and at least one measure of single crystal AlN crystalline quality does not substantially decrease across at least three generations of the iterative growth. 19. The process for multi-generational AlN single crystal seeded growth according to claim 18, wherein (00.2) X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rocking curve full width at half maximum (FWHM) for each AlN single crystal arising from the iterative growth changes by no more than 10 arc seconds over at least three generations of the iterative growth. 20. The process for multi-generational AlN single crystal seeded growth according to claim 18, wherein the grown polycrystalline AlN mass has been grown to have a thickness of about 2.5 cm or greater, to have at least one lateral dimension of about 3 cm or greater, to have an N/Al molar ratio of about 1, to have a relative density of at least 98%, and to have an aluminum nitride purity of at least 99% by weight. | The present disclosure relates to processes for producing single crystal Group III Nitride articles, polycrystalline Group III Nitride source materials suitable for use in such processes, and processes for producing polycrystalline Group III Nitride articles suitable for use as such source materials. The polycrystalline Group III Nitride source material can particularly be a grown material formed by vapor deposition methods, such as hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HYPE), and can be characterized by parameters such as purity, N/Al molar ratio, and relative density that are within defined ranges.1. A process for producing a single crystal Aluminum Nitride article comprising physical vapor transport (PVT) growth of the single crystal Aluminum Nitride article using a source material comprising a grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass exhibits one or more of:
a) a carbon content of less than 1000 ppm; b) a silicon content of less than 1000 ppm; c) an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm; d) an N/A1 molar ratio of about 1; e) a relative density of at least 98%; f) an aluminum nitride purity of at least 99% by weight. 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass is a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) grown mass or a physical vapor deposition (PVD) grown mass. 4. A source material adapted for use in a physical vapor transport (PVT) growth process, the source material comprising a grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass that has been grown to have a thickness of about 2.5 cm or greater, to have at least one lateral dimension of about 12.5 cm or greater, to have an N/Al molar ratio of about 1, to have a relative density of at least 99%, and to have an aluminum nitride purity of at least 98% by weight. 5. The source material according to claim 4, wherein the grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass has been grown to have one or more of:
a) a carbon content of less than 1000 ppm; b) a silicon content of less than 1000 ppm; c) an oxygen content of less than 1000 ppm. 6. The source material according to claim 4, wherein the grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass has been grown to a diameter of about 12.5 cm or greater. 7. The source material according to claim 4, wherein the grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass has been grown to have an average grain size of about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm. 8. The source material according to claim 4, wherein the grown polycrystalline Aluminum Nitride mass is a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) grown mass or a physical vapor deposition (PVD) grown mass. 9. A process for producing an Aluminum Nitride (AlN) single crystal via vapor phase transport (PVT), the process comprising:
providing an AlN source material and an AlN seed within a reactor in a spaced apart orientation; and heating the AlN source material in a manner sufficient to form volatilized species from the AlN source material for transport to the AlN seed; wherein the AlN source material comprises a grown polycrystalline AlN mass that has been grown to have a thickness of about 2.5 cm or greater, to have at least one lateral dimension of about 3 cm or greater, to have an N/Al molar ratio of about 1, to have a relative density of at least 98%, and to have an aluminum nitride purity of at least 99% by weight. 10. An AlN single crystal produced according to the process of claim 9, wherein the AlN single crystal is free or substantially free of one or a plurality of the following: inclusions, cracks, misoriented grains, domain boundaries, and polycrystals. 11. An AlN single crystal produced according to the process of claim 9, wherein the single crystal AlN has an optical absorption coefficient (alpha) at 265 nm of less than 100 cm−1. 12. An AlN single crystal produced according to the process of claim 9, wherein the AlN single crystal has an average dislocation density that is less than 10−4 cm−2 over the entire surface area of a single crystal that is larger than 20 mm diameter. 13. An AlN single crystal produced according to the process of claim 9, wherein the AlN single crystal has a boule height of greater than 2 cm. 14. An AlN single crystal produced according to the process of claim 9, wherein the AlN single crystal is larger than 25 mm in diameter and has a top surface entirely free of crystallographic tilt-domains greater than 30 arc-sec as measured by high resolution triple axis x-ray diffraction. 15. An Aluminum Nitride (AlN) seed that is derived from an AlN single crystal produced according to the process of claim 9. 16. An Aluminum Nitride (AlN) seed suitable for iterative growth of further generations of single crystal AlN, wherein:
the AlN seed comprises a fraction of a previous generation single crystal AlN; and the (00.2) X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rocking curve full width at half maximum (FWHM) for a seed line arising from the AlN seed changes by no more than 10 arc seconds over at least three generations of the iterative growth. 17. The AlN seed of claim 16, wherein the AlN seed is a fraction of a previous generation AlN single crystal by a vapor phase transport (PVT) process using an AlN source material that comprises a grown polycrystalline AlN mass that has been grown to have a thickness of about 2.5 cm or greater, to have at least one lateral dimension of about 3 cm or greater, to have an N/Al molar ratio of about 1, to have a relative density of at least 98%, and to have an aluminum nitride purity of at least 99% by weight. 18. A process for multi-generational Aluminum Nitride (AlN) single crystal seeded growth, the method comprising iteratively growing a next generation AlN single crystal using a seed from a previous generation AlN single crystal, said iterative growing utilizing a grown polycrystalline AlN mass of a suitable quality such that physical AlN single crystal size and at least one measure of single crystal AlN crystalline quality does not substantially decrease across at least three generations of the iterative growth. 19. The process for multi-generational AlN single crystal seeded growth according to claim 18, wherein (00.2) X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rocking curve full width at half maximum (FWHM) for each AlN single crystal arising from the iterative growth changes by no more than 10 arc seconds over at least three generations of the iterative growth. 20. The process for multi-generational AlN single crystal seeded growth according to claim 18, wherein the grown polycrystalline AlN mass has been grown to have a thickness of about 2.5 cm or greater, to have at least one lateral dimension of about 3 cm or greater, to have an N/Al molar ratio of about 1, to have a relative density of at least 98%, and to have an aluminum nitride purity of at least 99% by weight. | 1,700 |
4,324 | 15,742,103 | 1,767 | The present disclosure is drawn to sizing compositions, which can include 25 wt % to 80 wt % starch based on dry components, 15 wt % to 60 wt % cationic multivalent salt based on dry components, and an organic additive. The organic additive can be a water-swellable polymer having a weight average molecular weight ranging from 150,000 Mw to 1,000,000 Mw, a wax, or both the water-swellable polymer and the wax. | 1. A sizing composition, comprising:
25 wt % to 80 wt % starch based on dry components; 15 wt % to 60 wt % cationic multivalent salt based on dry components; and an organic additive selected from:
a water-swellable polymer having a weight average molecular weight ranging from 150,000 Mw to 1,000,000 Mw,
a wax, or
both the water-swellable polymer and the wax. 2. The sizing composition of claim 1, wherein the starch is an unmodified starch, enzyme modified starch, thermal modified starch, thermal-chemical modified starch, chemical modified starch, corn starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch, rice starch, sago starch, potato starch, acid fluidity starch, oxidized starch, pyrodextrin starch, hydroxyalkylated starch, cyanoethylated starch, cationic starch ether, anionic starch, starch ester, starch graft, or hydrophobic starch. 3. The sizing composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic salt comprises a cation of a metal selected from sodium, calcium, copper, nickel, magnesium, zinc, barium, iron, aluminum, or chromium. 4. The sizing composition of claim 1, wherein the organic additive is the water-swellable polymer. 5. The sizing composition of claim 1, wherein the organic additive is the wax. 6. The sizing composition of claim 1, wherein the organic additive includes both the water-swellable polymer and the wax. 7. The sizing composition of claim 6, wherein the water-swellable polymer is polyvinyl alcohol and the wax is a non-ionic high density polyethylene wax. 8. The sizing composition of claim 1, further comprising a hexasulfonated optical brightener or a tetrasulfonated optical brightener. 9. A method of sizing a cellulosic media substrate, comprising:
applying a liquid sizing composition to a cellulosic pulp substrate, wherein the liquid sizing composition, comprises:
25 wt % to 80 wt % starch based on dry components;
15 wt % to 60 wt % cationic multivalent salt based on dry components, and
an organic additive selected from a water-swellable polymer having a weight average molecular weight ranging from 150,000 Mw to 1,000,000 Mw, a wax, or both the water-swellable polymer and the wax; and
drying the cellulosic pulp substrate after applying the liquid sizing composition thereto to form a sized cellulosic media substrate. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the sizing composition is applied to the cellulosic pulp substrate after a preliminary drying step. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the sizing composition is applied to both sides of the cellulosic pulp substrate. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the organic additive comprises both the water-swellable polymer and the wax. 13. A sized media substrate, comprising:
a cellulosic media substrate; and a sizing composition applied into a surface of the cellulosic media substrate, the sizing composition, comprising:
25 wt % to 80 wt % starch based on dry components,
15 wt % to 60 wt % cationic multivalent salt based on dry components, and
an organic additive selected from:
a water-swellable polymer having a weight average molecular weight ranging from 150,000 Mw to 1,000,000 Mw,
a wax, or
both the water-swellable polymer and the wax. 14. The sized media substrate of claim 13, wherein the sizing composition is applied into both sides of the cellulosic media substrate. 15. The sized media substrate of claim 13, wherein the organic additive comprises both the water-swellable polymer and the wax. | The present disclosure is drawn to sizing compositions, which can include 25 wt % to 80 wt % starch based on dry components, 15 wt % to 60 wt % cationic multivalent salt based on dry components, and an organic additive. The organic additive can be a water-swellable polymer having a weight average molecular weight ranging from 150,000 Mw to 1,000,000 Mw, a wax, or both the water-swellable polymer and the wax.1. A sizing composition, comprising:
25 wt % to 80 wt % starch based on dry components; 15 wt % to 60 wt % cationic multivalent salt based on dry components; and an organic additive selected from:
a water-swellable polymer having a weight average molecular weight ranging from 150,000 Mw to 1,000,000 Mw,
a wax, or
both the water-swellable polymer and the wax. 2. The sizing composition of claim 1, wherein the starch is an unmodified starch, enzyme modified starch, thermal modified starch, thermal-chemical modified starch, chemical modified starch, corn starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch, rice starch, sago starch, potato starch, acid fluidity starch, oxidized starch, pyrodextrin starch, hydroxyalkylated starch, cyanoethylated starch, cationic starch ether, anionic starch, starch ester, starch graft, or hydrophobic starch. 3. The sizing composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic salt comprises a cation of a metal selected from sodium, calcium, copper, nickel, magnesium, zinc, barium, iron, aluminum, or chromium. 4. The sizing composition of claim 1, wherein the organic additive is the water-swellable polymer. 5. The sizing composition of claim 1, wherein the organic additive is the wax. 6. The sizing composition of claim 1, wherein the organic additive includes both the water-swellable polymer and the wax. 7. The sizing composition of claim 6, wherein the water-swellable polymer is polyvinyl alcohol and the wax is a non-ionic high density polyethylene wax. 8. The sizing composition of claim 1, further comprising a hexasulfonated optical brightener or a tetrasulfonated optical brightener. 9. A method of sizing a cellulosic media substrate, comprising:
applying a liquid sizing composition to a cellulosic pulp substrate, wherein the liquid sizing composition, comprises:
25 wt % to 80 wt % starch based on dry components;
15 wt % to 60 wt % cationic multivalent salt based on dry components, and
an organic additive selected from a water-swellable polymer having a weight average molecular weight ranging from 150,000 Mw to 1,000,000 Mw, a wax, or both the water-swellable polymer and the wax; and
drying the cellulosic pulp substrate after applying the liquid sizing composition thereto to form a sized cellulosic media substrate. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the sizing composition is applied to the cellulosic pulp substrate after a preliminary drying step. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the sizing composition is applied to both sides of the cellulosic pulp substrate. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the organic additive comprises both the water-swellable polymer and the wax. 13. A sized media substrate, comprising:
a cellulosic media substrate; and a sizing composition applied into a surface of the cellulosic media substrate, the sizing composition, comprising:
25 wt % to 80 wt % starch based on dry components,
15 wt % to 60 wt % cationic multivalent salt based on dry components, and
an organic additive selected from:
a water-swellable polymer having a weight average molecular weight ranging from 150,000 Mw to 1,000,000 Mw,
a wax, or
both the water-swellable polymer and the wax. 14. The sized media substrate of claim 13, wherein the sizing composition is applied into both sides of the cellulosic media substrate. 15. The sized media substrate of claim 13, wherein the organic additive comprises both the water-swellable polymer and the wax. | 1,700 |
4,325 | 15,119,334 | 1,784 | A shaped, small diameter brazing preform is disclosed. The preform, with a cross-sectional diameter between 0.04 inches and 0.08 inches, comprises a continuous, uniform, cavity in a center of the preform extending along, a length formed by three distinct and generally planar sides of the preform. An opening to the cavity along at least a portion of the cross section creating a gap comprises a flux positively retained within the cavity by a pressure from the three sides. A process of forming the shaped, small diameter brazing preform comprises a generally flat, and planar sheet metal section. A plurality of rollers, each one having a unique surface profile, forms the sheet metal section such that the sheet metal section is formed into a generally triangular shaped preform. The cavity is stuffed with a flux, which is exposed to an exterior of the cavity along the length of the preform. | 1. A shaped, small diameter bra-zing preform comprising:
a continuous, uniform, cavity in a center of the preform extending along, a length of the preform; a first edge and a second edge extending along the length of the preform wherein at least a portion of the first edge and the second edge do not contact each other forming an opening extending along the length of the preform, wherein the opening is uniform along the length of the preform; a flux within the cavity, the flux having a composition different than a composition of the preform; a first generally planar side along a cross-sectional portion or the preform on a perimeter of the cross section a second generally planar side along the perimeter of the cross section in contact with the first generally planar side; and a third generally planar side along the perimeter of the cross section in contact with the second generally planar side, wherein the opening separates the first generally planar side from the second generally planar side thus forming a generally triangular cross-section. 2. The preform of claim 1 wherein the flux is positively retained within the cavity by a pressure from the first and second edge. 3. The preform of claim 1 wherein a cross-sectional diameter of the preform is between 0.04 inches and 0.08 inches. 4. The preform of claim 1 wherein the composition of the flux has an active temperature below the liquidus temperature of the composition of the preform. 5. The preform of claim 1 wherein the preform is in the form of a preformed shape with the opening facing toward an inner surface of the performed shape. 6. The preform of claim 5 wherein the preformed shape is at least one of a strip, ring, and quasi-circular shape. 7. The preform of claim 1 wherein the preform composition is one of aluminum, silver, aluminum alloy, and silver alloy. 8. A method of forming a shaped, small diameter brazing preform comprising the steps of:
providing a generally flat and planar sheet metal section with a top surface and a bottom surface; applying a first roller with a convex surface profile to the top surface of the sheet metal section at a first location; applying a second roller with a concave surface profile to the bottom surface of the sheet metal section at a second location directly opposite the first location; pinching the sheet metal section between the first roller and the second roller with a pressure to form a generally triangular shaped perform having a uniform cavity in a center of the preform extending along a length of the preform, wherein the uniform cavity is exposed via a uniform opening extending along the length of the preform; and encapsulating a flux within the cavity. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein applying a first roller with a convex surface profile to the top surface of the sheet metal section comprises thrilling the sheet metal section to conform to the surface profile of the first roller. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein applying a second roller with a concave surface profile to the bottom surface of the sheet metal section at a second location directly opposite the first location comprises forming the sheet metal section to conform to the surface profile of the second roller. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the generally triangular shape comprises a first generally planar side, a second generally planar side, and a third generally planar side; and
wherein the third generally planar side comprises a first edge and a second edge along the length of the preform that do not contact each other to form the opening, such that the flux is exposed to an exterior of the cavity along the length of the preform. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the flux is positively retained within the cavity by a pressure from the first, second, and third generally planar sides. 13. The method of claim 9 further comprising shaping the preform into at least one of a wire, strip, ring, and quasi-circular shape. 14. A shaped, small diameter brazing preform comprising:
a preform with three distinct and generally planar sides along a cross-sectional portion of the preform; a generally triangular cross-section defined by the planar sides when the cross section is taken from any point along the length of the preform; a continuous, uniform, cavity in a center of the cross section and extending along a length of the preform; an opening to the cavity along at least a portion of the cross section creating gap, wherein the opening extends uniformly along the length of the preform; and a flux positively retained within the cavity by a pressure from the three sides. 15. The preform of claim 14 wherein a diameter of the cross-section is less than 0.08 inches. 16. The preform of claim 14 the opening is disposed between a first edge and a second edge of one of the three sides, wherein the first edge and the second edge do not contact each other along the length of the preform. 17. The preform of claim 14 wherein the preform melts at a first temperature and the flux melts at a second temperature, the second temperature lower than the first temperature. 18. The preform of claim 14 wherein the preform is in the form of a preformed shape with the opening facing toward an inner surface of the performed shape, the preformed shape being at least one of a wire, strip, ring, and quasi-circular shape. 19. The preform of claim 14 wherein the preform composition is one of aluminum, silver, aluminum alloy, and silver alloy. 20. The preform of claim 14 wherein the brazing preform is used to braze a pipe of a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger being used within a final product o at least one of a refrigerator, an air conditioner, a radiator, a furnace, an automobile radiator. | A shaped, small diameter brazing preform is disclosed. The preform, with a cross-sectional diameter between 0.04 inches and 0.08 inches, comprises a continuous, uniform, cavity in a center of the preform extending along, a length formed by three distinct and generally planar sides of the preform. An opening to the cavity along at least a portion of the cross section creating a gap comprises a flux positively retained within the cavity by a pressure from the three sides. A process of forming the shaped, small diameter brazing preform comprises a generally flat, and planar sheet metal section. A plurality of rollers, each one having a unique surface profile, forms the sheet metal section such that the sheet metal section is formed into a generally triangular shaped preform. The cavity is stuffed with a flux, which is exposed to an exterior of the cavity along the length of the preform.1. A shaped, small diameter bra-zing preform comprising:
a continuous, uniform, cavity in a center of the preform extending along, a length of the preform; a first edge and a second edge extending along the length of the preform wherein at least a portion of the first edge and the second edge do not contact each other forming an opening extending along the length of the preform, wherein the opening is uniform along the length of the preform; a flux within the cavity, the flux having a composition different than a composition of the preform; a first generally planar side along a cross-sectional portion or the preform on a perimeter of the cross section a second generally planar side along the perimeter of the cross section in contact with the first generally planar side; and a third generally planar side along the perimeter of the cross section in contact with the second generally planar side, wherein the opening separates the first generally planar side from the second generally planar side thus forming a generally triangular cross-section. 2. The preform of claim 1 wherein the flux is positively retained within the cavity by a pressure from the first and second edge. 3. The preform of claim 1 wherein a cross-sectional diameter of the preform is between 0.04 inches and 0.08 inches. 4. The preform of claim 1 wherein the composition of the flux has an active temperature below the liquidus temperature of the composition of the preform. 5. The preform of claim 1 wherein the preform is in the form of a preformed shape with the opening facing toward an inner surface of the performed shape. 6. The preform of claim 5 wherein the preformed shape is at least one of a strip, ring, and quasi-circular shape. 7. The preform of claim 1 wherein the preform composition is one of aluminum, silver, aluminum alloy, and silver alloy. 8. A method of forming a shaped, small diameter brazing preform comprising the steps of:
providing a generally flat and planar sheet metal section with a top surface and a bottom surface; applying a first roller with a convex surface profile to the top surface of the sheet metal section at a first location; applying a second roller with a concave surface profile to the bottom surface of the sheet metal section at a second location directly opposite the first location; pinching the sheet metal section between the first roller and the second roller with a pressure to form a generally triangular shaped perform having a uniform cavity in a center of the preform extending along a length of the preform, wherein the uniform cavity is exposed via a uniform opening extending along the length of the preform; and encapsulating a flux within the cavity. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein applying a first roller with a convex surface profile to the top surface of the sheet metal section comprises thrilling the sheet metal section to conform to the surface profile of the first roller. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein applying a second roller with a concave surface profile to the bottom surface of the sheet metal section at a second location directly opposite the first location comprises forming the sheet metal section to conform to the surface profile of the second roller. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the generally triangular shape comprises a first generally planar side, a second generally planar side, and a third generally planar side; and
wherein the third generally planar side comprises a first edge and a second edge along the length of the preform that do not contact each other to form the opening, such that the flux is exposed to an exterior of the cavity along the length of the preform. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the flux is positively retained within the cavity by a pressure from the first, second, and third generally planar sides. 13. The method of claim 9 further comprising shaping the preform into at least one of a wire, strip, ring, and quasi-circular shape. 14. A shaped, small diameter brazing preform comprising:
a preform with three distinct and generally planar sides along a cross-sectional portion of the preform; a generally triangular cross-section defined by the planar sides when the cross section is taken from any point along the length of the preform; a continuous, uniform, cavity in a center of the cross section and extending along a length of the preform; an opening to the cavity along at least a portion of the cross section creating gap, wherein the opening extends uniformly along the length of the preform; and a flux positively retained within the cavity by a pressure from the three sides. 15. The preform of claim 14 wherein a diameter of the cross-section is less than 0.08 inches. 16. The preform of claim 14 the opening is disposed between a first edge and a second edge of one of the three sides, wherein the first edge and the second edge do not contact each other along the length of the preform. 17. The preform of claim 14 wherein the preform melts at a first temperature and the flux melts at a second temperature, the second temperature lower than the first temperature. 18. The preform of claim 14 wherein the preform is in the form of a preformed shape with the opening facing toward an inner surface of the performed shape, the preformed shape being at least one of a wire, strip, ring, and quasi-circular shape. 19. The preform of claim 14 wherein the preform composition is one of aluminum, silver, aluminum alloy, and silver alloy. 20. The preform of claim 14 wherein the brazing preform is used to braze a pipe of a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger being used within a final product o at least one of a refrigerator, an air conditioner, a radiator, a furnace, an automobile radiator. | 1,700 |
4,326 | 15,317,700 | 1,749 | A pneumatic tire mounted with surface fastener members for attaching an object to a tire inner surface, comprises: at least eight surface fastener members having an intermittent arrangement on a tread inner circumferential surface, the surface fastener members having a uniform cross-sectional dimension, an overall band-like shape, and a length in a tire axial direction from 50% to 120% of a maximum belt width of the pneumatic tire; wherein an angle θ between a longitudinal direction of the surface fastener members and the tire axial direction is from 0 degrees to 45 degrees; and an installation period in a tire circumferential direction is from 80% to 150% of the length in the tire axial direction of the surface fastener members. | 1. A pneumatic tire mounted with surface fastener members for attaching an object to a tire inner circumferential surface, comprising:
at least eight surface fastener members having an intermittent arrangement on a tread inner circumferential surface, the surface fastener members having a uniform cross-sectional dimension, an overall band-like shape, and a length in a tire axial direction from 50% to 120% of a maximum belt width of the pneumatic tire; wherein an angle θ between a longitudinal direction of the surface fastener members and the tire axial direction is from 0 degrees to 45 degrees; and an installation period in a tire circumferential direction is from 80% to 150% of the length in the tire axial direction of the surface fastener members. 2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein, in a plane traversing the tire axial direction, the surface fastener members have the intermittent arrangement in which surfaces where the surface fastener members are not disposed and surfaces where the surface fastener members are disposed are alternately arranged. 3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a width (W) of the surface fastener members is from 5 mm to 30 mm. 4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein
the surface fastener members are hook and loop surface fastener members, the hook-side members being installed on the tire side and the surface fastener members disposed on the tire side being made of resin; and the surface fastener members include: engaging elements disposed on the side closer to a tire cavity, and anchoring elements disposed on the side closer to a tire outer circumferential surface, the anchoring elements being installed digging into a rubber layer on a tire inner surface. 5. A method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire described in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
installing in advance surface fastener members on an adhesive rubber layer with intervals therebetween; and attaching the adhesive rubber layer to an inner surface of an innerliner layer. 6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein a width (W) of the surface fastener members is from 5 mm to 30 mm. 7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 6, wherein
the surface fastener members are hook and loop surface fastener members, the hook-side members being installed on the tire side and the surface fastener members disposed on the tire side being made of resin; and the surface fastener members include: engaging elements disposed on the side closer to a tire cavity, and anchoring elements disposed on the side closer to a tire outer circumferential surface, the anchoring elements being installed digging into a rubber layer on a tire inner surface. 8. A method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire described in claim 7, the method comprising the steps of:
installing in advance surface fastener members on an adhesive rubber layer with intervals therebetween; and attaching the adhesive rubber layer to an inner surface of an innerliner layer. | A pneumatic tire mounted with surface fastener members for attaching an object to a tire inner surface, comprises: at least eight surface fastener members having an intermittent arrangement on a tread inner circumferential surface, the surface fastener members having a uniform cross-sectional dimension, an overall band-like shape, and a length in a tire axial direction from 50% to 120% of a maximum belt width of the pneumatic tire; wherein an angle θ between a longitudinal direction of the surface fastener members and the tire axial direction is from 0 degrees to 45 degrees; and an installation period in a tire circumferential direction is from 80% to 150% of the length in the tire axial direction of the surface fastener members.1. A pneumatic tire mounted with surface fastener members for attaching an object to a tire inner circumferential surface, comprising:
at least eight surface fastener members having an intermittent arrangement on a tread inner circumferential surface, the surface fastener members having a uniform cross-sectional dimension, an overall band-like shape, and a length in a tire axial direction from 50% to 120% of a maximum belt width of the pneumatic tire; wherein an angle θ between a longitudinal direction of the surface fastener members and the tire axial direction is from 0 degrees to 45 degrees; and an installation period in a tire circumferential direction is from 80% to 150% of the length in the tire axial direction of the surface fastener members. 2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein, in a plane traversing the tire axial direction, the surface fastener members have the intermittent arrangement in which surfaces where the surface fastener members are not disposed and surfaces where the surface fastener members are disposed are alternately arranged. 3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a width (W) of the surface fastener members is from 5 mm to 30 mm. 4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein
the surface fastener members are hook and loop surface fastener members, the hook-side members being installed on the tire side and the surface fastener members disposed on the tire side being made of resin; and the surface fastener members include: engaging elements disposed on the side closer to a tire cavity, and anchoring elements disposed on the side closer to a tire outer circumferential surface, the anchoring elements being installed digging into a rubber layer on a tire inner surface. 5. A method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire described in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
installing in advance surface fastener members on an adhesive rubber layer with intervals therebetween; and attaching the adhesive rubber layer to an inner surface of an innerliner layer. 6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2, wherein a width (W) of the surface fastener members is from 5 mm to 30 mm. 7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 6, wherein
the surface fastener members are hook and loop surface fastener members, the hook-side members being installed on the tire side and the surface fastener members disposed on the tire side being made of resin; and the surface fastener members include: engaging elements disposed on the side closer to a tire cavity, and anchoring elements disposed on the side closer to a tire outer circumferential surface, the anchoring elements being installed digging into a rubber layer on a tire inner surface. 8. A method of manufacturing the pneumatic tire described in claim 7, the method comprising the steps of:
installing in advance surface fastener members on an adhesive rubber layer with intervals therebetween; and attaching the adhesive rubber layer to an inner surface of an innerliner layer. | 1,700 |
4,327 | 15,215,135 | 1,783 | A protective strip for protecting a fixture includes a piece of flexible material having a first edge and a second edge, and a plurality of magnets spaced along the first edge. In another example, a system for protecting a fixture includes a protective strip having a plurality of magnets spaced along a first edge, and a cart. The cart has a vertical member configured to hold the protective strip when the protective strip is rolled. A method is also disclosed. | 1. A protective strip for protecting a fixture, comprising:
a piece of flexible material having a first edge and an opposing second edge; and a plurality of magnets spaced along the first edge. 2. The protective strip of claim 1, wherein the flexible material is vinyl. 3. The protective strip of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets are evenly spaced along the first edge. 4. The protective strip of claim 1, wherein a width of the flexible material is between four inches and six inches. 5. The protective strip of claim 1, wherein a length of the flexible material is about fifty feet. 6. A system for protecting a fixture, comprising:
a protective strip having a plurality of magnets spaced along a first edge; and a cart having a vertical member configured to hold the protective strip when the protective strip is in a rolled condition. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the protective strip is vinyl. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the plurality of magnets are evenly spaced along the first edge. 9. The system of claim 6, wherein the cart further comprises a handle. 10. The system of claim 6, wherein a base of the cart has a ⅛ inch clearance from a surface. 11. A method of protecting a shelving unit, comprising:
attaching a first end of a protective strip to a base of a shelving unit using a first magnet; unrolling the protective strip, and attaching additional magnets to the base of the shelving unit. 12. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein a cart is used for unrolling the protective strip. 13. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein a base of the cart has a ⅛ inch clearance from a floor. 14. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the protective strip is vinyl. 15. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the first magnet and additional magnets are evenly spaced along a first edge of the protective strip. 16. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein an edge of the protective strip abuts a floor. 17. The method as recited in claim 11, further comprising:
attaching a plastic sheet to a first shelf of the shelving unit, such that a lower edge of the plastic sheet is captured between the base of the shelving unit and the protective strip. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the plastic sheet is attached to the first shelf using magnets. | A protective strip for protecting a fixture includes a piece of flexible material having a first edge and a second edge, and a plurality of magnets spaced along the first edge. In another example, a system for protecting a fixture includes a protective strip having a plurality of magnets spaced along a first edge, and a cart. The cart has a vertical member configured to hold the protective strip when the protective strip is rolled. A method is also disclosed.1. A protective strip for protecting a fixture, comprising:
a piece of flexible material having a first edge and an opposing second edge; and a plurality of magnets spaced along the first edge. 2. The protective strip of claim 1, wherein the flexible material is vinyl. 3. The protective strip of claim 1, wherein the plurality of magnets are evenly spaced along the first edge. 4. The protective strip of claim 1, wherein a width of the flexible material is between four inches and six inches. 5. The protective strip of claim 1, wherein a length of the flexible material is about fifty feet. 6. A system for protecting a fixture, comprising:
a protective strip having a plurality of magnets spaced along a first edge; and a cart having a vertical member configured to hold the protective strip when the protective strip is in a rolled condition. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the protective strip is vinyl. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the plurality of magnets are evenly spaced along the first edge. 9. The system of claim 6, wherein the cart further comprises a handle. 10. The system of claim 6, wherein a base of the cart has a ⅛ inch clearance from a surface. 11. A method of protecting a shelving unit, comprising:
attaching a first end of a protective strip to a base of a shelving unit using a first magnet; unrolling the protective strip, and attaching additional magnets to the base of the shelving unit. 12. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein a cart is used for unrolling the protective strip. 13. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein a base of the cart has a ⅛ inch clearance from a floor. 14. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the protective strip is vinyl. 15. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the first magnet and additional magnets are evenly spaced along a first edge of the protective strip. 16. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein an edge of the protective strip abuts a floor. 17. The method as recited in claim 11, further comprising:
attaching a plastic sheet to a first shelf of the shelving unit, such that a lower edge of the plastic sheet is captured between the base of the shelving unit and the protective strip. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the plastic sheet is attached to the first shelf using magnets. | 1,700 |
4,328 | 15,825,726 | 1,723 | A battery assembly includes a battery array and a foam shell that surrounds the battery array. The battery array may be housed within a foam shell, and a barrier can be secured to the foam shell to establish a battery assembly. The battery assembly may then be secured to a vehicle body. | 1. A method, comprising:
housing a battery array within a foam shell; and securing a barrier to the foam shell. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, comprising injecting a foam material between the foam shell and the battery array. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein housing the battery array includes positioning the battery array on a tray of the foam shell and nestling a cover of the foam shell against the tray. 4. The method as recited in claim 3, comprising gluing the cover and the tray together. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein securing the barrier includes positioning a plurality of straps of the barrier around the foam shell. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, comprising positioning a strap around the barrier and the foam shell, and then securing the strap to a vehicle body. 7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein securing the strap to the vehicle body includes inserting a fastener through a clip of the strap and then into the vehicle body. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the barrier covers a top surface of the foam shell. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the barrier is a plastic barrier. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the battery array is housed within a first compartment of the foam shell, and comprising housing an electronic component in a second compartment of the foam shell. 11. The method as recited in claim 10, comprising accessing the electronic component through a removable service cover of the barrier. 12. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the electronic component is a control module, a bussed electrical center, or a service disconnect. 13. The method as recited in claim 10, comprising injecting a foam material around the electronic component after housing the electronic component within the second compartment. 14. The method as recited in claim 1, comprising securing the barrier to a vehicle body. 15. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein securing the barrier to the vehicle body includes inserting a fastener through an opening of a molded-in retention leg of the barrier. 16. A method, comprising:
positioning a battery array against a tray of a foam shell; positioning a cover of the foam shell over the battery array; securing a plastic barrier over the cover of the foam shell to establish a battery assembly; and securing the battery assembly to a vehicle body using an integral feature of the barrier or a strap. | A battery assembly includes a battery array and a foam shell that surrounds the battery array. The battery array may be housed within a foam shell, and a barrier can be secured to the foam shell to establish a battery assembly. The battery assembly may then be secured to a vehicle body.1. A method, comprising:
housing a battery array within a foam shell; and securing a barrier to the foam shell. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, comprising injecting a foam material between the foam shell and the battery array. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein housing the battery array includes positioning the battery array on a tray of the foam shell and nestling a cover of the foam shell against the tray. 4. The method as recited in claim 3, comprising gluing the cover and the tray together. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein securing the barrier includes positioning a plurality of straps of the barrier around the foam shell. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, comprising positioning a strap around the barrier and the foam shell, and then securing the strap to a vehicle body. 7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein securing the strap to the vehicle body includes inserting a fastener through a clip of the strap and then into the vehicle body. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the barrier covers a top surface of the foam shell. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the barrier is a plastic barrier. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the battery array is housed within a first compartment of the foam shell, and comprising housing an electronic component in a second compartment of the foam shell. 11. The method as recited in claim 10, comprising accessing the electronic component through a removable service cover of the barrier. 12. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the electronic component is a control module, a bussed electrical center, or a service disconnect. 13. The method as recited in claim 10, comprising injecting a foam material around the electronic component after housing the electronic component within the second compartment. 14. The method as recited in claim 1, comprising securing the barrier to a vehicle body. 15. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein securing the barrier to the vehicle body includes inserting a fastener through an opening of a molded-in retention leg of the barrier. 16. A method, comprising:
positioning a battery array against a tray of a foam shell; positioning a cover of the foam shell over the battery array; securing a plastic barrier over the cover of the foam shell to establish a battery assembly; and securing the battery assembly to a vehicle body using an integral feature of the barrier or a strap. | 1,700 |
4,329 | 13,258,576 | 1,794 | The apparatus ( 1 ) for coating a substrate ( 14 ) by reactive sputtering comprises an axis ( 8 ), at least two targets ( 11,12 ) in an arrangement symmetrically to said axis ( 8 ) and a power supply connected to the targets ( 11,12 ), wherein the targets are alternatively operable as cathode and anode. The method is a method for manufacturing a coated substrate ( 14 ) by coating a substrate ( 14 ) by reactive sputtering in an apparatus ( 1 ) comprising an axis ( 8 ). The method comprises
a) providing a substrate ( 14 ) to be coated; b) providing at least two targets ( 11,12 ) in an arrangement symmetrically to said axis ( 8 ); c) alternatively operating said targets ( 11,12 ) as cathode and anode during coating.
Preferably, the targets ( 11,12 ) are rotated during sputtering and/or the targets are arranged concentrically, with an innermost circular target surrounded by at least one ring-shaped outer target. | 1. An apparatus (1) for coating a substrate (14) by reactive sputtering, comprising an axis (8), at least two targets (11,12) in an arrangement symmetrically to said axis (8), a substrate carrier (5) for carrying said substrate (14) and means for rotating said substrate carrier (5) around said axis (8) and a power supply (15) connected to said targets (11,12), wherein said targets are alternatively operable as cathode and anode. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said arrangement symmetrically to said axis (8) comprises that said targets (11,12) are arranged such that their respective target centres are arranged on a circle around said axis (8). 3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said apparatus (1) is an apparatus (1) for coating a substrate (14), in particular for coating a single substrate (14), with a dielectric coating, in particular an apparatus (1) for reactive magnetron sputtering of metal oxides with pulsed DC sputtering. 4. The apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, comprising high voltage switching elements, wherein said a power supply (15) is connected to said targets (11,12) via said high voltage switching elements for allowing said targets (11,12) to operate alternatively as cathode and anode. 5. The apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said power supply (15) is a single power supply (15) connected to said targets (11,12), in particular a single DC power supply (15). 6. The apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said targets (11,12) are arranged such that a plane defined by an unsputtered front plane of the respective target (11;12) is angled with respect to a plane perpendicular to said axis (8), in particular angled by an angle between 2° and 20°. 7. The apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said targets (11,12) are circular targets. 8. The apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said targets (11,12) are arranged concentrically, with an innermost circular target surrounded by at least one ring-shaped outer target, in particular wherein said outer target has a similar sputtered area. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said at least one outer target describes a rotationally-symmetric portion of a surface of a cone, wherein a surface normal of an unsputtered front plane of said at least one outer target is angled with respect to said axis (8). 10. A method for manufacturing a coated substrate (14) by coating a substrate (14) by reactive sputtering in an apparatus (1) comprising an axis (8), said method comprising the steps of
a) providing a substrate (14) to be coated; b) providing at least two targets (11,12) in an arrangement symmetrically to said axis (8); c) alternatively operating said targets (11,12) as cathode and anode during coating; and d) rotating said substrate (14) around said axis (8) during said coating. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein said arrangement symmetrically to said axis comprises that said targets (11,12) are arranged with their respective target centres on a defined radius around said axis (8). 12. The method according to claim 10 or claim 11, comprising the step of coating said substrate (14), in particular a single substrate (14), with a dielectric coating, in particular coating said substrate (14), in particular a single substrate (14), by reactive magnetron sputtering of metal oxide with pulsed DC sputtering. 13. The method according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein step c) comprises using high voltage switching elements connected to said targets (11,12) and to a power supply (15) for alternatively operating said targets (11,12) as cathode and anode during coating, in particular wherein said power supply (15) is a single power supply (15), more particularly a single DC power supply (15). 14. The method according to one of claims 10 to 13, wherein said coating is accomplished by constant voltage sputtering. 15. The method according to one of claims 10 to 14, wherein step c) comprises applying a target voltage to said targets (11,12), and wherein the method comprises the step of adjusting the pulse width of said target voltage for fine-tuning the thickness of the manufactured coating in the inner and outer region of the substrate. 16. The method according to one of claims 10 to 15, wherein said targets (11,12) are alternatively operated as cathode and anode at a frequency of 40 kHz. 17. The method according to one of claims 10 to 16, wherein said targets (11,12) are circular targets. 18. The method according to one of claims 10 to 17, wherein said targets (11,12) are arranged such that a plane defined by an unsputtered front plane of the respective target (11;12) is angled with respect to a plane perpendicular to said axis (8), in particular angled by an angle between 2° and 20°. 19. The method according to one of claims 10 to 16, wherein said targets (11,12) are arranged concentrically, with an innermost circular target surrounded by at least one ring-shaped outer target, in particular wherein said at least one outer target has a similar sputtered area. 20. The method according to one of claims 10 to 19, wherein a coating manufactured by said method comprises at least one of the group consisting of a low absorption film;
an optical dielectric filter;
a wave guide;
an optical thin film;
an Al2O3 film;
a Ta2O5 film, in particular aTa2O5 film sandwiched between SiO2 or Al2O3 cladding layers;
a film of mixed oxides, in particular from metallic targets of different composition. | The apparatus ( 1 ) for coating a substrate ( 14 ) by reactive sputtering comprises an axis ( 8 ), at least two targets ( 11,12 ) in an arrangement symmetrically to said axis ( 8 ) and a power supply connected to the targets ( 11,12 ), wherein the targets are alternatively operable as cathode and anode. The method is a method for manufacturing a coated substrate ( 14 ) by coating a substrate ( 14 ) by reactive sputtering in an apparatus ( 1 ) comprising an axis ( 8 ). The method comprises
a) providing a substrate ( 14 ) to be coated; b) providing at least two targets ( 11,12 ) in an arrangement symmetrically to said axis ( 8 ); c) alternatively operating said targets ( 11,12 ) as cathode and anode during coating.
Preferably, the targets ( 11,12 ) are rotated during sputtering and/or the targets are arranged concentrically, with an innermost circular target surrounded by at least one ring-shaped outer target.1. An apparatus (1) for coating a substrate (14) by reactive sputtering, comprising an axis (8), at least two targets (11,12) in an arrangement symmetrically to said axis (8), a substrate carrier (5) for carrying said substrate (14) and means for rotating said substrate carrier (5) around said axis (8) and a power supply (15) connected to said targets (11,12), wherein said targets are alternatively operable as cathode and anode. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said arrangement symmetrically to said axis (8) comprises that said targets (11,12) are arranged such that their respective target centres are arranged on a circle around said axis (8). 3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said apparatus (1) is an apparatus (1) for coating a substrate (14), in particular for coating a single substrate (14), with a dielectric coating, in particular an apparatus (1) for reactive magnetron sputtering of metal oxides with pulsed DC sputtering. 4. The apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, comprising high voltage switching elements, wherein said a power supply (15) is connected to said targets (11,12) via said high voltage switching elements for allowing said targets (11,12) to operate alternatively as cathode and anode. 5. The apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said power supply (15) is a single power supply (15) connected to said targets (11,12), in particular a single DC power supply (15). 6. The apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said targets (11,12) are arranged such that a plane defined by an unsputtered front plane of the respective target (11;12) is angled with respect to a plane perpendicular to said axis (8), in particular angled by an angle between 2° and 20°. 7. The apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said targets (11,12) are circular targets. 8. The apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said targets (11,12) are arranged concentrically, with an innermost circular target surrounded by at least one ring-shaped outer target, in particular wherein said outer target has a similar sputtered area. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said at least one outer target describes a rotationally-symmetric portion of a surface of a cone, wherein a surface normal of an unsputtered front plane of said at least one outer target is angled with respect to said axis (8). 10. A method for manufacturing a coated substrate (14) by coating a substrate (14) by reactive sputtering in an apparatus (1) comprising an axis (8), said method comprising the steps of
a) providing a substrate (14) to be coated; b) providing at least two targets (11,12) in an arrangement symmetrically to said axis (8); c) alternatively operating said targets (11,12) as cathode and anode during coating; and d) rotating said substrate (14) around said axis (8) during said coating. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein said arrangement symmetrically to said axis comprises that said targets (11,12) are arranged with their respective target centres on a defined radius around said axis (8). 12. The method according to claim 10 or claim 11, comprising the step of coating said substrate (14), in particular a single substrate (14), with a dielectric coating, in particular coating said substrate (14), in particular a single substrate (14), by reactive magnetron sputtering of metal oxide with pulsed DC sputtering. 13. The method according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein step c) comprises using high voltage switching elements connected to said targets (11,12) and to a power supply (15) for alternatively operating said targets (11,12) as cathode and anode during coating, in particular wherein said power supply (15) is a single power supply (15), more particularly a single DC power supply (15). 14. The method according to one of claims 10 to 13, wherein said coating is accomplished by constant voltage sputtering. 15. The method according to one of claims 10 to 14, wherein step c) comprises applying a target voltage to said targets (11,12), and wherein the method comprises the step of adjusting the pulse width of said target voltage for fine-tuning the thickness of the manufactured coating in the inner and outer region of the substrate. 16. The method according to one of claims 10 to 15, wherein said targets (11,12) are alternatively operated as cathode and anode at a frequency of 40 kHz. 17. The method according to one of claims 10 to 16, wherein said targets (11,12) are circular targets. 18. The method according to one of claims 10 to 17, wherein said targets (11,12) are arranged such that a plane defined by an unsputtered front plane of the respective target (11;12) is angled with respect to a plane perpendicular to said axis (8), in particular angled by an angle between 2° and 20°. 19. The method according to one of claims 10 to 16, wherein said targets (11,12) are arranged concentrically, with an innermost circular target surrounded by at least one ring-shaped outer target, in particular wherein said at least one outer target has a similar sputtered area. 20. The method according to one of claims 10 to 19, wherein a coating manufactured by said method comprises at least one of the group consisting of a low absorption film;
an optical dielectric filter;
a wave guide;
an optical thin film;
an Al2O3 film;
a Ta2O5 film, in particular aTa2O5 film sandwiched between SiO2 or Al2O3 cladding layers;
a film of mixed oxides, in particular from metallic targets of different composition. | 1,700 |
4,330 | 14,481,570 | 1,731 | A method of making a cutting element includes subjecting a mixture of diamond particles and a carbonate material to high-pressure high-temperature sintering conditions to form a sintered carbonate-polycrystalline diamond body having a diamond matrix of diamond grains bonded together and carbonates residing in the interstitial regions between the diamond grains, the carbonate material having a non-uniform distribution throughout the diamond matrix. The carbonate-polycrystalline diamond body is subjected to a controlled temperature, a controlled pressure condition or a combination thereof, to effect an at least partial decomposition of the carbonate material. | 1. A method of making a cutting element, comprising:
subjecting a mixture of diamond particles and a carbonate material to high-pressure high-temperature sintering conditions to form a sintered carbonate-polycrystalline diamond body having a diamond matrix of diamond grains bonded together and carbonates residing in the interstitial regions between the diamond grains, the carbonate material having a non-uniform distribution throughout the diamond matrix; and subjecting the carbonate-polycrystalline diamond body further to a controlled temperature, a controlled pressure, or a combination thereof, to effect an at least partial decomposition of the carbonate material. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein partial decomposition of the carbonate material to metal oxides results in formation of channels distributed through the matrix. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the channels formed after the decomposition of the carbonate material have a non-uniform distribution. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbonate material comprises SiO2 as an impurity. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein during the partial decomposition of the carbonate material to at least one metal oxide, the at least one metal oxide reacts with SiO2 present as an impurity in the carbonate material, thereby resulting in the formation of at least one metal silicate. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbonate material comprises an alkaline earth metal carbonate. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the carbonate material comprises at least one of magnesium carbonate or calcium carbonate. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbonate-polycrystalline diamond high-pressure high-temperature sintered body comprises an upper surface, a bottom surface, a circumferential side surface between the upper and bottom surface, and a circumferential cutting edge between the upper surface and circumferential side surface. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a height of the carbonate-polycrystalline diamond high-pressure high-temperature sintered body is smaller than a diameter of the carbonate-polycrystalline diamond high-pressure high-temperature sintered body. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbonate-polycrystalline diamond body comprises a first region forming and proximate the circumferential cutting edge and a second region extending axially, radially or a combination of both away from the first region, wherein the second region has a higher concentration or carbonate material than the first region. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first region of the carbonate-based polycrystalline diamond body comprises from about 0 to 5 percent by weight of the carbonate material. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the second region of the carbonate-based polycrystalline diamond body comprises from about 2 to 9 percent by weight of the carbonate material. 13. A cutting element, comprising:
an oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body comprising:
a plurality of bonded together diamond grains forming a matrix phase;
a plurality of interstitial regions interposed between the bonded together diamond grains; and
an oxide material disposed non-uniformly within the interstitial regions; and
the oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body further comprising a first region forming and proximate a cutting edge and a second region extending axially, radially or a combination of both away from the first region, the second region having a higher concentration of carbonate material than the first region. 14. The cutting element of claim 13, wherein the oxide material is selected from an alkaline earth metal oxide. 15. The cutting element of claim 14, wherein the oxide material comprises at least one of magnesium oxide or calcium oxide. 16. The cutting element of claim 13, wherein the oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body further comprises at least one metal silicate therein. 17. The cutting element of claim 13, wherein the first region of the oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body comprises from about 1 to 3 percent by weight of the oxide material. 18. The cutting element of claim 13, wherein the second region of the oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body comprises from about 2 to 9 percent by weight of the oxide material. 19. The cutting element of claim 13, wherein the oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body further comprises at least one of magnesium oxide and/or calcium oxide or a combination of thereof and wherein the oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body further comprises channels, and the at least one of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, or a combination thereof are distributed throughout the diamond matrix. 20. A cutting element, comprising:
a carbonate-based polycrystalline diamond body comprising:
a plurality of bonded together diamond grains forming a matrix phase;
a plurality of interstitial regions interposed between the bonded together diamond grains; and
a carbonate material disposed non-uniformly within the interstitial regions; and
the carbonate-based polycrystalline diamond body further comprising a first region forming and proximate a cutting edge and a second region extending axially, radially or a combination of both away from the first region, the second region having a higher concentration of carbonate material than the first region. | A method of making a cutting element includes subjecting a mixture of diamond particles and a carbonate material to high-pressure high-temperature sintering conditions to form a sintered carbonate-polycrystalline diamond body having a diamond matrix of diamond grains bonded together and carbonates residing in the interstitial regions between the diamond grains, the carbonate material having a non-uniform distribution throughout the diamond matrix. The carbonate-polycrystalline diamond body is subjected to a controlled temperature, a controlled pressure condition or a combination thereof, to effect an at least partial decomposition of the carbonate material.1. A method of making a cutting element, comprising:
subjecting a mixture of diamond particles and a carbonate material to high-pressure high-temperature sintering conditions to form a sintered carbonate-polycrystalline diamond body having a diamond matrix of diamond grains bonded together and carbonates residing in the interstitial regions between the diamond grains, the carbonate material having a non-uniform distribution throughout the diamond matrix; and subjecting the carbonate-polycrystalline diamond body further to a controlled temperature, a controlled pressure, or a combination thereof, to effect an at least partial decomposition of the carbonate material. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein partial decomposition of the carbonate material to metal oxides results in formation of channels distributed through the matrix. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the channels formed after the decomposition of the carbonate material have a non-uniform distribution. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbonate material comprises SiO2 as an impurity. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein during the partial decomposition of the carbonate material to at least one metal oxide, the at least one metal oxide reacts with SiO2 present as an impurity in the carbonate material, thereby resulting in the formation of at least one metal silicate. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbonate material comprises an alkaline earth metal carbonate. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the carbonate material comprises at least one of magnesium carbonate or calcium carbonate. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbonate-polycrystalline diamond high-pressure high-temperature sintered body comprises an upper surface, a bottom surface, a circumferential side surface between the upper and bottom surface, and a circumferential cutting edge between the upper surface and circumferential side surface. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a height of the carbonate-polycrystalline diamond high-pressure high-temperature sintered body is smaller than a diameter of the carbonate-polycrystalline diamond high-pressure high-temperature sintered body. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbonate-polycrystalline diamond body comprises a first region forming and proximate the circumferential cutting edge and a second region extending axially, radially or a combination of both away from the first region, wherein the second region has a higher concentration or carbonate material than the first region. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first region of the carbonate-based polycrystalline diamond body comprises from about 0 to 5 percent by weight of the carbonate material. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the second region of the carbonate-based polycrystalline diamond body comprises from about 2 to 9 percent by weight of the carbonate material. 13. A cutting element, comprising:
an oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body comprising:
a plurality of bonded together diamond grains forming a matrix phase;
a plurality of interstitial regions interposed between the bonded together diamond grains; and
an oxide material disposed non-uniformly within the interstitial regions; and
the oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body further comprising a first region forming and proximate a cutting edge and a second region extending axially, radially or a combination of both away from the first region, the second region having a higher concentration of carbonate material than the first region. 14. The cutting element of claim 13, wherein the oxide material is selected from an alkaline earth metal oxide. 15. The cutting element of claim 14, wherein the oxide material comprises at least one of magnesium oxide or calcium oxide. 16. The cutting element of claim 13, wherein the oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body further comprises at least one metal silicate therein. 17. The cutting element of claim 13, wherein the first region of the oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body comprises from about 1 to 3 percent by weight of the oxide material. 18. The cutting element of claim 13, wherein the second region of the oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body comprises from about 2 to 9 percent by weight of the oxide material. 19. The cutting element of claim 13, wherein the oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body further comprises at least one of magnesium oxide and/or calcium oxide or a combination of thereof and wherein the oxide-based polycrystalline diamond body further comprises channels, and the at least one of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, or a combination thereof are distributed throughout the diamond matrix. 20. A cutting element, comprising:
a carbonate-based polycrystalline diamond body comprising:
a plurality of bonded together diamond grains forming a matrix phase;
a plurality of interstitial regions interposed between the bonded together diamond grains; and
a carbonate material disposed non-uniformly within the interstitial regions; and
the carbonate-based polycrystalline diamond body further comprising a first region forming and proximate a cutting edge and a second region extending axially, radially or a combination of both away from the first region, the second region having a higher concentration of carbonate material than the first region. | 1,700 |
4,331 | 15,316,661 | 1,784 | The present invention is in the field of processes for producing flexible organic-inorganic laminates as well as barrier films comprising flexible organic-inorganic laminates by atomic layer deposition. In particular the present invention relates to a process for producing a laminate comprising more than once the sequence comprising: (a) depositing an inorganic layer by performing 4 to 150 cycles of an atomic layer deposition process, and (b) depositing an organic layer comprising sulfur by a molecular layer deposition process. | 1. A process for producing a laminate, the process comprising, more than once, a sequence comprising:
(a) depositing an inorganic layer by performing 4 to 150 cycles of an atomic layer deposition process, and (b) depositing an organic layer comprising sulfur by a molecular layer deposition process. 2. The process according to claim 1 wherein the molecular layer deposition process comprises depositing the organic layer with a thiol. 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the molecular layer deposition process comprises depositing the organic layer with a dithiol. 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the molecular layer deposition process comprises depositing the organic layer with an aromatic thiol. 5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the atomic layer deposition process comprises depositing the inorganic layer with an Al-containing compound. 6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises performing the sequence comprising (a) and (b) at least 30 times. 7. A laminate comprising, more than once, a sequence comprising
(a) an inorganic layer having a thickness of 0.4 to 15 nm and (b) a sulfur-comprising organic layer. 8. The laminate according to claim 7 wherein the organic layer comprises sulfur in an oxidation state −2, −1 or 0. 9. The laminate according to claim 7,
wherein the inorganic layer comprises AlOx(OH)y, wherein 0≤x≤1.5; 0≤y≤3 and 2 x+y=3. 10. The laminate according to claim 7, comprising at least 30 of the inorganic layers (a) alternating with at least 30 of the organic layers (b). 11. A barrier film comprising the laminate according to claim 7. 12. The barrier film according to claim 11 wherein the barrier film further comprises a polymeric substrate. 13. The barrier film according to claim 11 wherein the barrier film further comprises a planarization layer. 14. A method of encapsulating, packaging, or passivating an object, the method comprising:
encapsulating, packaging, or passivating the object with the barrier film according to claim 11. 15. An electronic device comprising the barrier film according to claim 11. 16. The barrier film according to claim 11, wherein a water vapor transmission rate after drying at 70% relative humidity at 70° C. for 480 h is smaller than 10−5 g/m2d. 17. The barrier film according to claim 11, wherein a water vapor transmission rate after bending with a radius of 1.5 cm and drying at 70% relative humidity at 70° C. for 480 h is smaller than 10−2 g/m2d. 18. The barrier film according to claim 11, wherein a water vapor transmission rate after bending with a radius of 1.5 cm and drying at 70% relative humidity at 70° C. for 480 h is not more than 1000 times higher than a water vapor transmission rate after drying at 70% relative humidity at 70° C. for 480 h without bending. | The present invention is in the field of processes for producing flexible organic-inorganic laminates as well as barrier films comprising flexible organic-inorganic laminates by atomic layer deposition. In particular the present invention relates to a process for producing a laminate comprising more than once the sequence comprising: (a) depositing an inorganic layer by performing 4 to 150 cycles of an atomic layer deposition process, and (b) depositing an organic layer comprising sulfur by a molecular layer deposition process.1. A process for producing a laminate, the process comprising, more than once, a sequence comprising:
(a) depositing an inorganic layer by performing 4 to 150 cycles of an atomic layer deposition process, and (b) depositing an organic layer comprising sulfur by a molecular layer deposition process. 2. The process according to claim 1 wherein the molecular layer deposition process comprises depositing the organic layer with a thiol. 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the molecular layer deposition process comprises depositing the organic layer with a dithiol. 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the molecular layer deposition process comprises depositing the organic layer with an aromatic thiol. 5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the atomic layer deposition process comprises depositing the inorganic layer with an Al-containing compound. 6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises performing the sequence comprising (a) and (b) at least 30 times. 7. A laminate comprising, more than once, a sequence comprising
(a) an inorganic layer having a thickness of 0.4 to 15 nm and (b) a sulfur-comprising organic layer. 8. The laminate according to claim 7 wherein the organic layer comprises sulfur in an oxidation state −2, −1 or 0. 9. The laminate according to claim 7,
wherein the inorganic layer comprises AlOx(OH)y, wherein 0≤x≤1.5; 0≤y≤3 and 2 x+y=3. 10. The laminate according to claim 7, comprising at least 30 of the inorganic layers (a) alternating with at least 30 of the organic layers (b). 11. A barrier film comprising the laminate according to claim 7. 12. The barrier film according to claim 11 wherein the barrier film further comprises a polymeric substrate. 13. The barrier film according to claim 11 wherein the barrier film further comprises a planarization layer. 14. A method of encapsulating, packaging, or passivating an object, the method comprising:
encapsulating, packaging, or passivating the object with the barrier film according to claim 11. 15. An electronic device comprising the barrier film according to claim 11. 16. The barrier film according to claim 11, wherein a water vapor transmission rate after drying at 70% relative humidity at 70° C. for 480 h is smaller than 10−5 g/m2d. 17. The barrier film according to claim 11, wherein a water vapor transmission rate after bending with a radius of 1.5 cm and drying at 70% relative humidity at 70° C. for 480 h is smaller than 10−2 g/m2d. 18. The barrier film according to claim 11, wherein a water vapor transmission rate after bending with a radius of 1.5 cm and drying at 70% relative humidity at 70° C. for 480 h is not more than 1000 times higher than a water vapor transmission rate after drying at 70% relative humidity at 70° C. for 480 h without bending. | 1,700 |
4,332 | 14,978,866 | 1,714 | A silicon carbide substrate capable of stably forming a device of excellent performance, and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. A silicon carbide substrate is made of a single crystal of silicon carbide, and has a width of not less than 100 mm, a micropipe density of not more than 7 cm −2 , a threading screw dislocation density of not more than 1×10 4 cm −2 , a threading edge dislocation density of not more than 1×10 4 cm −2 , a basal plane dislocation density of not more than 1×10 4 cm 2 , a stacking fault density of not more than 0.1 cm −1 , a conductive impurity concentration of not less than 1×10 18 cm 3 , a residual impurity concentration of not more than 1×10 16 cm −3 , and a secondary phase inclusion density of not more than 1 cm −3 . | 1. (canceled) 2. A method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate, comprising the steps of:
preparing a seed crystal substrate made of a single crystal of silicon carbide; preparing source powder of silicon carbide to be grown on a surface of said seed crystal substrate; and growing silicon carbide on the surface of said seed crystal substrate by sublimation by placing said seed crystal substrate and said source powder in a processing container, in said step of growing silicon carbide, vibration applied to said processing container being set such that its frequency has a maximum value of 10 Hz and its amplitude has a maximum value of 1 mm. 3. The method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate according to claim 2, wherein
said step of preparing source powder includes the steps of preparing powder containing silicon carbide, and cleaning said powder with aqua regia. 4. The method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate according to claim 3, wherein
said step of preparing powder containing silicon carbide includes the steps of heating a mixture of small pieces of silicon and carbon powder, and pulverizing said mixture after said heating step to obtain said powder. 5. The method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate according to claim 2, wherein
in said step of preparing a seed crystal substrate, an off substrate having a main surface tilted relative to a (0001) plane is prepared as said seed crystal substrate. 6. The method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate according to claim 2, wherein
in said step of preparing a seed crystal substrate, said seed crystal substrate having a thickness of not less than 700 μm is prepared. 7. The method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate according to claim 2, wherein
in said step of growing silicon carbide, said seed crystal substrate is fixed on a base member in said processing container, said base member is made of a material having a Young's modulus of not less than 10 GPa, a bending strength of not less than 40 MPa, and a tensile strength of not less than 30 MPa, and said base member has a thickness of not less than 15 mm. 8. The method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate according to claim 2, wherein
said step of preparing a seed crystal substrate includes the steps of preparing a plurality of silicon carbide single crystals each having a main surface, measuring a characteristic value corresponding to density of defects in each of said plurality of silicon carbide single crystals by conducting photoluminescence measurement of said main surface of each of said silicon carbide single crystals, and comparing the measured characteristic values obtained in said measuring step with a predetermined criterion to determine any of said silicon carbide single crystals satisfying the criterion as said seed crystal substrate. | A silicon carbide substrate capable of stably forming a device of excellent performance, and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. A silicon carbide substrate is made of a single crystal of silicon carbide, and has a width of not less than 100 mm, a micropipe density of not more than 7 cm −2 , a threading screw dislocation density of not more than 1×10 4 cm −2 , a threading edge dislocation density of not more than 1×10 4 cm −2 , a basal plane dislocation density of not more than 1×10 4 cm 2 , a stacking fault density of not more than 0.1 cm −1 , a conductive impurity concentration of not less than 1×10 18 cm 3 , a residual impurity concentration of not more than 1×10 16 cm −3 , and a secondary phase inclusion density of not more than 1 cm −3 .1. (canceled) 2. A method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate, comprising the steps of:
preparing a seed crystal substrate made of a single crystal of silicon carbide; preparing source powder of silicon carbide to be grown on a surface of said seed crystal substrate; and growing silicon carbide on the surface of said seed crystal substrate by sublimation by placing said seed crystal substrate and said source powder in a processing container, in said step of growing silicon carbide, vibration applied to said processing container being set such that its frequency has a maximum value of 10 Hz and its amplitude has a maximum value of 1 mm. 3. The method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate according to claim 2, wherein
said step of preparing source powder includes the steps of preparing powder containing silicon carbide, and cleaning said powder with aqua regia. 4. The method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate according to claim 3, wherein
said step of preparing powder containing silicon carbide includes the steps of heating a mixture of small pieces of silicon and carbon powder, and pulverizing said mixture after said heating step to obtain said powder. 5. The method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate according to claim 2, wherein
in said step of preparing a seed crystal substrate, an off substrate having a main surface tilted relative to a (0001) plane is prepared as said seed crystal substrate. 6. The method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate according to claim 2, wherein
in said step of preparing a seed crystal substrate, said seed crystal substrate having a thickness of not less than 700 μm is prepared. 7. The method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate according to claim 2, wherein
in said step of growing silicon carbide, said seed crystal substrate is fixed on a base member in said processing container, said base member is made of a material having a Young's modulus of not less than 10 GPa, a bending strength of not less than 40 MPa, and a tensile strength of not less than 30 MPa, and said base member has a thickness of not less than 15 mm. 8. The method of manufacturing a silicon carbide substrate according to claim 2, wherein
said step of preparing a seed crystal substrate includes the steps of preparing a plurality of silicon carbide single crystals each having a main surface, measuring a characteristic value corresponding to density of defects in each of said plurality of silicon carbide single crystals by conducting photoluminescence measurement of said main surface of each of said silicon carbide single crystals, and comparing the measured characteristic values obtained in said measuring step with a predetermined criterion to determine any of said silicon carbide single crystals satisfying the criterion as said seed crystal substrate. | 1,700 |
4,333 | 15,537,475 | 1,791 | The present invention relates to a layered frozen confectionery product comprising at least one a layer of frozen confection, at least one layer of chocolate and at least one layer of sauce. The sauce in the sauce layer has a viscosity of between 1.2 and 1.7 Pa·s at a temperature below +47° C. and is present in the frozen confectionery at a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm. The chocolate in the chocolate layer has a viscosity of between 1.0 and 1.4 Pa·s at a temperature of +45° C. and is present in the frozen confectionery at a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm, and the frozen confection layer has a thickness of between 3.0 and 7.0 mm and an overrun between 80 and 200 and is positioned between the chocolate and sauce layer. The invention also relates to a method for making such a product. | 1. A layered frozen confectionery product comprising: at least one a layer of frozen confection, at least one layer of chocolate and at least one layer of sauce;
the sauce in the sauce layer has a viscosity of between 1.2 and 1.7 Pa·s at a temperature below +47° C. and is present in the frozen confectionery at a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm; the chocolate in the chocolate layer has a viscosity of between 1.0 and 1.4 Pa·s at a temperature of +45° C. and is present in the frozen confectionery at a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm; and the frozen confection layer has a thickness of between 3.0 and 7.0 mm and an overrun between 80 and 200 and is positioned between the chocolate and sauce layer. 2. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the sauce layer has a viscosity of between 1.5 and 1.7 Pa·s at a temperature below +47° C. 3. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity of the sauce is at a temperature below +47° C. and above +4° C. 4. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the layers extending to the edge of the layered frozen confection. 5. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the layers are forming substantially annular parallel layers. 6. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the frozen confection, sauce and chocolate layers form substantially helical layers. 7. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the layers extend to the circumference edge of the frozen confection. 8. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the aerated frozen confection has a helically layered structure formed by at least two visually different types of aerated frozen confection alternating with chocolate layers or the sauce layers. 9. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, and wherein the aerated frozen confection and the chocolate layers or the sauce layer end in a spiral top. 10. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the layers of chocolate and/or sauce are from 2 to 6 mm wide. 11. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the frozen confection comprises an edible container. 12. A method for making a layered frozen confection comprising the steps of:
providing the sauce, chocolate and frozen confection; providing a dosing nozzle with outlets for the sauce, the chocolate and the frozen confection; and dosing the sauce, chocolate and frozen confection simultaneously through respective outlets of the apparatus into a container, while the nozzle and the container are rotated with respect to each other to produce a layered frozen confectionery product comprising: at least one layer of frozen confection, at least one layer of chocolate and at least one layer of sauce; the sauce in the sauce layer has a viscosity of between 1.2 and 1.7 Pa·s at a temperature below +47° C. and is present in the frozen confectionery at a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm; the chocolate in the chocolate layer has a viscosity of between 1.0 and 1.4 Pa·s at a temperature of +45° C. and is present in the frozen confectionery at a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm; and the frozen confection layer has a thickness of between 3.0 and 7.0 mm and an overrun between 80 and 200 and is positioned between the chocolate and sauce layer. 13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the dosing device outlets are outlet ports of elongated cross-sections, and wherein the chocolate outlet port extends in parallel to a frozen confection outlet port and the sauce outlet port extends in parallel to a frozen confection outlet port so as to form an annular or helical chocolate layer upon rotation of the nozzle relative to the container. 14. A method according to claim 12, wherein the viscosities of the sauce and the chocolate are the same when applied onto the frozen confection. | The present invention relates to a layered frozen confectionery product comprising at least one a layer of frozen confection, at least one layer of chocolate and at least one layer of sauce. The sauce in the sauce layer has a viscosity of between 1.2 and 1.7 Pa·s at a temperature below +47° C. and is present in the frozen confectionery at a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm. The chocolate in the chocolate layer has a viscosity of between 1.0 and 1.4 Pa·s at a temperature of +45° C. and is present in the frozen confectionery at a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm, and the frozen confection layer has a thickness of between 3.0 and 7.0 mm and an overrun between 80 and 200 and is positioned between the chocolate and sauce layer. The invention also relates to a method for making such a product.1. A layered frozen confectionery product comprising: at least one a layer of frozen confection, at least one layer of chocolate and at least one layer of sauce;
the sauce in the sauce layer has a viscosity of between 1.2 and 1.7 Pa·s at a temperature below +47° C. and is present in the frozen confectionery at a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm; the chocolate in the chocolate layer has a viscosity of between 1.0 and 1.4 Pa·s at a temperature of +45° C. and is present in the frozen confectionery at a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm; and the frozen confection layer has a thickness of between 3.0 and 7.0 mm and an overrun between 80 and 200 and is positioned between the chocolate and sauce layer. 2. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the sauce layer has a viscosity of between 1.5 and 1.7 Pa·s at a temperature below +47° C. 3. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity of the sauce is at a temperature below +47° C. and above +4° C. 4. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the layers extending to the edge of the layered frozen confection. 5. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the layers are forming substantially annular parallel layers. 6. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the frozen confection, sauce and chocolate layers form substantially helical layers. 7. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the layers extend to the circumference edge of the frozen confection. 8. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the aerated frozen confection has a helically layered structure formed by at least two visually different types of aerated frozen confection alternating with chocolate layers or the sauce layers. 9. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, and wherein the aerated frozen confection and the chocolate layers or the sauce layer end in a spiral top. 10. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the layers of chocolate and/or sauce are from 2 to 6 mm wide. 11. A layered frozen confection according to claim 1, wherein the frozen confection comprises an edible container. 12. A method for making a layered frozen confection comprising the steps of:
providing the sauce, chocolate and frozen confection; providing a dosing nozzle with outlets for the sauce, the chocolate and the frozen confection; and dosing the sauce, chocolate and frozen confection simultaneously through respective outlets of the apparatus into a container, while the nozzle and the container are rotated with respect to each other to produce a layered frozen confectionery product comprising: at least one layer of frozen confection, at least one layer of chocolate and at least one layer of sauce; the sauce in the sauce layer has a viscosity of between 1.2 and 1.7 Pa·s at a temperature below +47° C. and is present in the frozen confectionery at a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm; the chocolate in the chocolate layer has a viscosity of between 1.0 and 1.4 Pa·s at a temperature of +45° C. and is present in the frozen confectionery at a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm; and the frozen confection layer has a thickness of between 3.0 and 7.0 mm and an overrun between 80 and 200 and is positioned between the chocolate and sauce layer. 13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the dosing device outlets are outlet ports of elongated cross-sections, and wherein the chocolate outlet port extends in parallel to a frozen confection outlet port and the sauce outlet port extends in parallel to a frozen confection outlet port so as to form an annular or helical chocolate layer upon rotation of the nozzle relative to the container. 14. A method according to claim 12, wherein the viscosities of the sauce and the chocolate are the same when applied onto the frozen confection. | 1,700 |
4,334 | 14,771,414 | 1,785 | A 6-Color Set of chromatic primary colors is disclosed containing a bordeaux and/or a yellow shade orange color but no magenta. A method of modifying the color gamut of a color application process is also presented. | 1. A 6-Color Set of chromatic primary colors comprising:
(a) a bordeaux color and/or a yellow shade orange color; and (b) a number of other colors in order to have a total of 6 colors in the set, wherein magenta is not one of the chromatic primary colors and the 6-Color Set is suited for subtractive color combinations. 2. The 6-Color Set of claim 1, wherein the bordeaux color provides a Mid-Point Wavelength between 610 and 625 nm. 3. The 6-Color Set of claim 1 comprising both the bordeaux color and the yellow shade orange color. 4. The 6-Color Set of claim 1, wherein the other colors are a deep hot pink, a yellow, and other colors selected from the group consisting of: a green color, a cyan color, a blue color and a violet color. 5. The 6-Color Set of claim 1 comprising 4 colors with predominately “S” curve spectral response features with ΔMPW(Max-Min) less than 35. 6. The 6-Color Set of claim 1 comprising 4 colors with predominately “S” curve spectral response features with ΔMPW(Max-Min) less than 20. 7. The 6-Color Set of claim 1 comprising 4 colors with predominately “S” curve spectral response features with ΔMPW(Max-Min) less than 10. 8. The 6-Color Set of claim 1 further comprising at least one achromatic color. 9. The 6-Color Set of claim 1, wherein the yellow shade orange color provides a Mid-Point Wavelength between 545 and 560 nm. 10. The 6-Color Set of claim 1, wherein Deep Hot Pink is not one of the chromatic primary colors. 11. The 6-Color Set of claim 1, wherein a chromatic color having a Mid-Point Wavelength between 590 and 600 nm is not one of the chromatic primary colors. 12. A color application process comprising generating various colored materials using the 6-Color Set of claim 1. 13. The color application process of claim 12, in which the process is selected from the group consisting of: printing, painting and coating application. 14. The color application process of claim 12, in which the process is a printing process selected from the group consisting of: digital, inkjet, electrophotographic, flexographic, gravure, offset lithographic, screen and a combination process thereof. 15. The color application process of claim 14, in which the printing process comprises multi-purpose inks. 16. An article prepared by using the process of claim 12. 17. A method of modifying the color gamut of a color application process that employs a 6-Color Set of chromatic primary colors comprising modifying the 6-Color Set to exclude Magenta color and add a bordeaux color and/or a yellow shade orange color. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the modified 6-Color Set of primary colors further comprise at least one achromatic color. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the bordeaux color provides a Mid-Point Wavelength between 610 and 625 nm. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the yellow shade orange color provides a Mid-Point Wavelength between 545 and 560 nm. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein Deep Hot Pink is excluded as one of the chromatic primary colors. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein a chromatic color having a Mid-Point Wavelength between 590 and 600 nm is not one of the chromatic primary colors. | A 6-Color Set of chromatic primary colors is disclosed containing a bordeaux and/or a yellow shade orange color but no magenta. A method of modifying the color gamut of a color application process is also presented.1. A 6-Color Set of chromatic primary colors comprising:
(a) a bordeaux color and/or a yellow shade orange color; and (b) a number of other colors in order to have a total of 6 colors in the set, wherein magenta is not one of the chromatic primary colors and the 6-Color Set is suited for subtractive color combinations. 2. The 6-Color Set of claim 1, wherein the bordeaux color provides a Mid-Point Wavelength between 610 and 625 nm. 3. The 6-Color Set of claim 1 comprising both the bordeaux color and the yellow shade orange color. 4. The 6-Color Set of claim 1, wherein the other colors are a deep hot pink, a yellow, and other colors selected from the group consisting of: a green color, a cyan color, a blue color and a violet color. 5. The 6-Color Set of claim 1 comprising 4 colors with predominately “S” curve spectral response features with ΔMPW(Max-Min) less than 35. 6. The 6-Color Set of claim 1 comprising 4 colors with predominately “S” curve spectral response features with ΔMPW(Max-Min) less than 20. 7. The 6-Color Set of claim 1 comprising 4 colors with predominately “S” curve spectral response features with ΔMPW(Max-Min) less than 10. 8. The 6-Color Set of claim 1 further comprising at least one achromatic color. 9. The 6-Color Set of claim 1, wherein the yellow shade orange color provides a Mid-Point Wavelength between 545 and 560 nm. 10. The 6-Color Set of claim 1, wherein Deep Hot Pink is not one of the chromatic primary colors. 11. The 6-Color Set of claim 1, wherein a chromatic color having a Mid-Point Wavelength between 590 and 600 nm is not one of the chromatic primary colors. 12. A color application process comprising generating various colored materials using the 6-Color Set of claim 1. 13. The color application process of claim 12, in which the process is selected from the group consisting of: printing, painting and coating application. 14. The color application process of claim 12, in which the process is a printing process selected from the group consisting of: digital, inkjet, electrophotographic, flexographic, gravure, offset lithographic, screen and a combination process thereof. 15. The color application process of claim 14, in which the printing process comprises multi-purpose inks. 16. An article prepared by using the process of claim 12. 17. A method of modifying the color gamut of a color application process that employs a 6-Color Set of chromatic primary colors comprising modifying the 6-Color Set to exclude Magenta color and add a bordeaux color and/or a yellow shade orange color. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the modified 6-Color Set of primary colors further comprise at least one achromatic color. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the bordeaux color provides a Mid-Point Wavelength between 610 and 625 nm. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the yellow shade orange color provides a Mid-Point Wavelength between 545 and 560 nm. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein Deep Hot Pink is excluded as one of the chromatic primary colors. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein a chromatic color having a Mid-Point Wavelength between 590 and 600 nm is not one of the chromatic primary colors. | 1,700 |
4,335 | 16,289,933 | 1,795 | Described herein are reagent compositions for detecting and/or measuring analytes in a test sample. In one embodiment, reagent compositions are described for detecting and/or measuring glucose in a sample. | 1.-24. (canceled) 25. An electrochemical sensor comprising an electrode, and a hydratable matrix comprising a dried residue of (a) one or more enzymes selected from the group consisting of glucose dehydrogenases, glucose oxidoreductases, and combinations thereof; (b) optionally one or more co-factors, co-enzymes, or a combination thereof for the one or more enzymes; (c) one or more mediators, mediator precursors, or a combination thereof, wherein at least one mediator or mediator precursor is aqueous soluble; (d) one or more zwitterionic buffers; (e) one or more gelling or film forming agents, or a combination thereof; and (f) optionally one or more adjuvants. 26. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the enzyme is a wild-type GDH, or a mutant GDH. 27. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the enzyme is a GDH and the coenzyme is a FAD or a PQQ. 28. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the enzyme is a mutant GDH exhibiting maltose insensitivity. 29. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the enzyme is a mutant GDH exhibiting thermal stability. 30. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the zwitterionic buffer is PIPES or MOPS. 31. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the composition comprises a mediator precursor. 32. The reagent composition of claim 31 wherein the mediator precursor is a nitrosoaniline. 33. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the one or more adjuvants are selected from the group consisting of additional buffers, stabilizers, viscosity adjusting agents, thixotropic agents, dispersants, surfactants, detergents, pH adjusting agents, and combinations thereof. 34. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the film former is a polyvinyl acetate propionate co-polymer, polyvinyl propionate dispersions, or polyvinylpyrrolidone, or a combination thereof. 35. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein at least one adjuvant is a viscosity modulator. 36. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein at least one adjuvant is a dispersant. 37. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein at least one adjuvant is an additional buffer. 38. A test strip comprising a chamber, and the electrochemical sensor of claim 25, where the hydratable matrix and the electrode are located in the chamber. 39. The test strip of claim 38 wherein the chamber is formed from a base substrate and a covering layer overlying the base substrate; and where the chamber is disposed between the base substrate and the covering layer. 40. The test strip of claim 38 wherein the chamber includes a flared portion terminating in a fluid receiving opening and an elongated portion extending inwardly from the flared portion. 41. The test strip of claim 38 further comprising a vent in communication with the chamber, whereby air can escape from the vent as fluid is drawn into the chamber. 42. The test strip of claim 38 wherein the chamber has a volume less than or equal to 1.0 μL. 43. The test strip of claim 38 wherein the chamber has a volume less than or equal to 0.5 μL. | Described herein are reagent compositions for detecting and/or measuring analytes in a test sample. In one embodiment, reagent compositions are described for detecting and/or measuring glucose in a sample.1.-24. (canceled) 25. An electrochemical sensor comprising an electrode, and a hydratable matrix comprising a dried residue of (a) one or more enzymes selected from the group consisting of glucose dehydrogenases, glucose oxidoreductases, and combinations thereof; (b) optionally one or more co-factors, co-enzymes, or a combination thereof for the one or more enzymes; (c) one or more mediators, mediator precursors, or a combination thereof, wherein at least one mediator or mediator precursor is aqueous soluble; (d) one or more zwitterionic buffers; (e) one or more gelling or film forming agents, or a combination thereof; and (f) optionally one or more adjuvants. 26. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the enzyme is a wild-type GDH, or a mutant GDH. 27. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the enzyme is a GDH and the coenzyme is a FAD or a PQQ. 28. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the enzyme is a mutant GDH exhibiting maltose insensitivity. 29. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the enzyme is a mutant GDH exhibiting thermal stability. 30. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the zwitterionic buffer is PIPES or MOPS. 31. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the composition comprises a mediator precursor. 32. The reagent composition of claim 31 wherein the mediator precursor is a nitrosoaniline. 33. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the one or more adjuvants are selected from the group consisting of additional buffers, stabilizers, viscosity adjusting agents, thixotropic agents, dispersants, surfactants, detergents, pH adjusting agents, and combinations thereof. 34. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein the film former is a polyvinyl acetate propionate co-polymer, polyvinyl propionate dispersions, or polyvinylpyrrolidone, or a combination thereof. 35. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein at least one adjuvant is a viscosity modulator. 36. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein at least one adjuvant is a dispersant. 37. The reagent composition of claim 25 wherein at least one adjuvant is an additional buffer. 38. A test strip comprising a chamber, and the electrochemical sensor of claim 25, where the hydratable matrix and the electrode are located in the chamber. 39. The test strip of claim 38 wherein the chamber is formed from a base substrate and a covering layer overlying the base substrate; and where the chamber is disposed between the base substrate and the covering layer. 40. The test strip of claim 38 wherein the chamber includes a flared portion terminating in a fluid receiving opening and an elongated portion extending inwardly from the flared portion. 41. The test strip of claim 38 further comprising a vent in communication with the chamber, whereby air can escape from the vent as fluid is drawn into the chamber. 42. The test strip of claim 38 wherein the chamber has a volume less than or equal to 1.0 μL. 43. The test strip of claim 38 wherein the chamber has a volume less than or equal to 0.5 μL. | 1,700 |
4,336 | 15,638,450 | 1,796 | A layer of or including substoichiometric zirconium oxide is sputter deposited on a glass substrate via a substoichiometric zirconium oxide inclusive ceramic sputtering target of or including ZrOx. The coated article, with the substoichiometric ZrOx inclusive layer on the glass substrate, is then heat treated (e.g., thermally tempered) in an atmosphere including oxygen, which causes the substoichiometric ZrOx inclusive layer to transform into a scratch resistant layer of or including stoichiometric or substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide (e.g., ZrO2), and causes the visible transmission of the coated article to significant increase. | 1. A method of making a heat treated coated article, the method comprising:
having a coated article including a coating on a glass substrate, the coating comprising a layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx, where “x” is from 1.50 to 1.97; and heat treating the coated article, including the glass substrate with the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx thereon, so that the heat treating causes visible transmission (Tvis) of the coated article to increase by at least 4% and causes the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx to transform into a layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx where “x” is from 1.98 to 2.05, and wherein the heat treated coated article comprising the glass substrate and the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx has a haze value of no greater than 0.3%. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treated coated article comprising the glass substrate and the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx has a haze value of no greater than 0.1%. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treated coated article comprising the glass substrate and the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx has a haze value of no greater than 0.08%. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treating causes visible transmission (Tvis) of the coated article to increase by at least 7%. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treating causes the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx to transform into a layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx where “x” is from 1.99 to 2.02. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treating causes the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx to transform into a layer comprising stoichiometric ZrOx where “x” is 2. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx consists of, or consists essentially of, substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx consists of, or consists essentially of, substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein in the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx, “x” is from 1.60 to 1.90. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein in the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx, “x” is from 1.70 to 1.87. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a visible transmission of at least 75%. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a visible transmission of at least 80%. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx has a refractive index (n) of at least 2.21. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx has a refractive index (n) of at least 2.22. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein, before and/or after the heat treating, the coated article further includes a layer comprising silicon nitride between the glass substrate and the layer comprising ZrOx. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein, before and/or after the heat treating, the coated article further includes a layer comprising silver sandwiched between at least first and second dielectric layers on the glass substrate located between the glass substrate and the layer comprising ZrOx. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a glass side reflective a* color value from −4 to +4 and a glass side reflective b* color value from −12 to +10. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a glass side reflective a* color value from −2 to +2 and a glass side reflective b* color value from −9 to +8. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a film side reflective a* color value from −4 to +4 and a film side reflective b* color value from −12 to +10. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a film side reflective a* color value from −2 to +2 and a film side reflective b* color value from −9 to +8. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising ZrOx is an uppermost layer of the coating, configured to be exposed to ambient atmosphere, before and/or after the heat treating. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising ZrOx is in direct contact with the glass substrate before and after the heat treating. 23. The method of claim 1, further comprising sputter depositing the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx on the glass substrate, directly or indirectly, using at least one ceramic sputtering target comprising ZrOx where in the target “x” is from 1.50 to 1.97. 24. The method of claim 1, further comprising sputter depositing the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx on the glass substrate, directly or indirectly, using at least one ceramic sputtering target comprising ZrOx where in the target “x” is from 1.60 to 1.90. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the layer comprising ZrOx has a physical thickness of from 5 to 50 nm. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treating comprises thermal tempering. 27. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treating comprises heat treating at temperature(s) of at least 580 degrees C. 28. A method of making a heat treated coated article, the method comprising:
having a coated article including a coating on a glass substrate, the coating comprising a layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx, where “x” is from 1.50 to 1.97; heat treating the coated article, including the glass substrate with the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx thereon, at temperature(s) of at least 580 degrees C. so that the heat treating causes visible transmission (Tvis) of the coated article to increase by at least 4% and causes the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx to transform into a layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx where “x” is from 1.98 to 2.05, wherein after the heat treating the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx has a refractive index (n) of at least 2.21 and the coated article has a visible transmission of at least 75%; and wherein after the heat treating the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx is an uppermost layer of the coating and is exposed to ambient atmosphere. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a glass side reflective a* color value from −4 to +4 and a glass side reflective b* color value from −12 to +10. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a glass side reflective a* color value from −2 to +2 and a glass side reflective b* color value from −9 to +8. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a film side reflective a* color value from −4 to +4 and a film side reflective b* color value from −12 to +10. 32. The method of claim 28, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a film side reflective a* color value from −2 to +2 and a film side reflective b* color value from −9 to +8. 33. A heat treated coated article for use in a window comprising:
a glass substrate; a layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx supported by the glass substrate, where “x” is from 1.98 to 2.05; wherein the heat treated layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx has a refractive index (n) of at least 2.21 and the coated article has a visible transmission of at least 75%; and wherein the heat treated layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx is an uppermost layer of the coating and is exposed to ambient atmosphere. 34. The coated article of claim 33, wherein the coated article is a shower window. 35. The coated article of claim 33, wherein the heat treated coated article has a glass side reflective a* color value from −4 to +4 and a glass side reflective b* color value from −12 to +10. 36. The coated article of claim 33, wherein the heat treated coated article has a glass side reflective a* color value from −2 to +2 and a glass side reflective b* color value from −9 to +8. 37. The coated article of claim 33, wherein the heat treated coated article has a film side reflective a* color value from −4 to +4 and a film side reflective b* color value from −12 to +10. 38. The coated article of claim 33, wherein the heated treated coated article has a film side reflective a* color value from −2 to +2 and a film side reflective b* color value from −9 to +8. | A layer of or including substoichiometric zirconium oxide is sputter deposited on a glass substrate via a substoichiometric zirconium oxide inclusive ceramic sputtering target of or including ZrOx. The coated article, with the substoichiometric ZrOx inclusive layer on the glass substrate, is then heat treated (e.g., thermally tempered) in an atmosphere including oxygen, which causes the substoichiometric ZrOx inclusive layer to transform into a scratch resistant layer of or including stoichiometric or substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide (e.g., ZrO2), and causes the visible transmission of the coated article to significant increase.1. A method of making a heat treated coated article, the method comprising:
having a coated article including a coating on a glass substrate, the coating comprising a layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx, where “x” is from 1.50 to 1.97; and heat treating the coated article, including the glass substrate with the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx thereon, so that the heat treating causes visible transmission (Tvis) of the coated article to increase by at least 4% and causes the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx to transform into a layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx where “x” is from 1.98 to 2.05, and wherein the heat treated coated article comprising the glass substrate and the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx has a haze value of no greater than 0.3%. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treated coated article comprising the glass substrate and the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx has a haze value of no greater than 0.1%. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treated coated article comprising the glass substrate and the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx has a haze value of no greater than 0.08%. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treating causes visible transmission (Tvis) of the coated article to increase by at least 7%. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treating causes the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx to transform into a layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx where “x” is from 1.99 to 2.02. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treating causes the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx to transform into a layer comprising stoichiometric ZrOx where “x” is 2. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx consists of, or consists essentially of, substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx consists of, or consists essentially of, substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein in the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx, “x” is from 1.60 to 1.90. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein in the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx, “x” is from 1.70 to 1.87. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a visible transmission of at least 75%. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a visible transmission of at least 80%. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx has a refractive index (n) of at least 2.21. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx has a refractive index (n) of at least 2.22. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein, before and/or after the heat treating, the coated article further includes a layer comprising silicon nitride between the glass substrate and the layer comprising ZrOx. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein, before and/or after the heat treating, the coated article further includes a layer comprising silver sandwiched between at least first and second dielectric layers on the glass substrate located between the glass substrate and the layer comprising ZrOx. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a glass side reflective a* color value from −4 to +4 and a glass side reflective b* color value from −12 to +10. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a glass side reflective a* color value from −2 to +2 and a glass side reflective b* color value from −9 to +8. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a film side reflective a* color value from −4 to +4 and a film side reflective b* color value from −12 to +10. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a film side reflective a* color value from −2 to +2 and a film side reflective b* color value from −9 to +8. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising ZrOx is an uppermost layer of the coating, configured to be exposed to ambient atmosphere, before and/or after the heat treating. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer comprising ZrOx is in direct contact with the glass substrate before and after the heat treating. 23. The method of claim 1, further comprising sputter depositing the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx on the glass substrate, directly or indirectly, using at least one ceramic sputtering target comprising ZrOx where in the target “x” is from 1.50 to 1.97. 24. The method of claim 1, further comprising sputter depositing the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx on the glass substrate, directly or indirectly, using at least one ceramic sputtering target comprising ZrOx where in the target “x” is from 1.60 to 1.90. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein after the heat treating the layer comprising ZrOx has a physical thickness of from 5 to 50 nm. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treating comprises thermal tempering. 27. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treating comprises heat treating at temperature(s) of at least 580 degrees C. 28. A method of making a heat treated coated article, the method comprising:
having a coated article including a coating on a glass substrate, the coating comprising a layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx, where “x” is from 1.50 to 1.97; heat treating the coated article, including the glass substrate with the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx thereon, at temperature(s) of at least 580 degrees C. so that the heat treating causes visible transmission (Tvis) of the coated article to increase by at least 4% and causes the layer comprising substoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx to transform into a layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx where “x” is from 1.98 to 2.05, wherein after the heat treating the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx has a refractive index (n) of at least 2.21 and the coated article has a visible transmission of at least 75%; and wherein after the heat treating the layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx is an uppermost layer of the coating and is exposed to ambient atmosphere. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a glass side reflective a* color value from −4 to +4 and a glass side reflective b* color value from −12 to +10. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a glass side reflective a* color value from −2 to +2 and a glass side reflective b* color value from −9 to +8. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a film side reflective a* color value from −4 to +4 and a film side reflective b* color value from −12 to +10. 32. The method of claim 28, wherein after the heat treating the coated article has a film side reflective a* color value from −2 to +2 and a film side reflective b* color value from −9 to +8. 33. A heat treated coated article for use in a window comprising:
a glass substrate; a layer comprising substantially stoichiometric ZrOx supported by the glass substrate, where “x” is from 1.98 to 2.05; wherein the heat treated layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx has a refractive index (n) of at least 2.21 and the coated article has a visible transmission of at least 75%; and wherein the heat treated layer comprising substantially stoichiometric zirconium oxide ZrOx is an uppermost layer of the coating and is exposed to ambient atmosphere. 34. The coated article of claim 33, wherein the coated article is a shower window. 35. The coated article of claim 33, wherein the heat treated coated article has a glass side reflective a* color value from −4 to +4 and a glass side reflective b* color value from −12 to +10. 36. The coated article of claim 33, wherein the heat treated coated article has a glass side reflective a* color value from −2 to +2 and a glass side reflective b* color value from −9 to +8. 37. The coated article of claim 33, wherein the heat treated coated article has a film side reflective a* color value from −4 to +4 and a film side reflective b* color value from −12 to +10. 38. The coated article of claim 33, wherein the heated treated coated article has a film side reflective a* color value from −2 to +2 and a film side reflective b* color value from −9 to +8. | 1,700 |
4,337 | 15,183,930 | 1,787 | The present invention relates to a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of submicron-sized polymer particles and micron-sized polymer beads, wherein the polymer particles or beads or both are functionalized with phosphorus acid groups. The composition of the present invention is useful for providing a matte finish on substrates, such as leather, textiles, wallboard, decorative coatings, concrete, and wood, with improved stain resistance. The present invention also relates to a leather substrate coated with a clear matte finish comprising an acrylic or styrene-acrylic polymer film and micron-sized polymer beads, wherein the film or the beads or both are functionalized with a phosphorus acid monomer. | 1. A composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of 1) polymer particles having an average particle size of from 50 to 300 nm; and b) polymer beads having an average particle size of from 2 to 30 μm; wherein the polymer particles or the polymer beads or both comprise from 0.1 to 5 weight percent structural units of a phosphorus acid monomer. 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight-to-weight ratio of polymer beads to polymer particles is from 10:90 to 80:20. 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the polymer beads comprise a hard phase and a soft phase, wherein the weight-to-weight ratio of the soft phase to the hard phase is from 1:1 to 10:1, wherein the weight-to-weight ratio of polymer beads to polymer particles is from 30:70 to 70:30. 4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the soft phase of the polymer beads comprises structural units of a crosslinking agent. 5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the polymer particles are film-forming at less than or equal to 25° C. and greater than or equal to −60° C. 6. The composition of claim 5 wherein the polymer beads and the polymer particles are each functionalized with from 0.1 to 5 weight percent structural units of a phosphorus acid monomer, wherein the phosphorus acid monomer is phosphoethyl methacrylate, wherein the composition further comprises a substantial absence of pigments. 7. The composition of claim 6 which comprises less than 1 weight percent of pigments, wherein the polymer beads and polymer particles are each functionalized with from 0.2 to 3 weight percent structural units of phosphoethyl methacrylate. 8. The composition of claim 1 which further comprises a suspension stabilizing agent which is hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or gelatin. 9. An article comprising a leather substrate coated with clear matte finish comprising an acrylic or styrene-acrylic polymer film and polymer beads having an average particle size of from 2 to 30 μm; wherein the acrylic or styrene-acrylic polymer film or the polymer beads or both comprise from 0.1 to 5 weight percent structural units of a phosphorus acid monomer. | The present invention relates to a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of submicron-sized polymer particles and micron-sized polymer beads, wherein the polymer particles or beads or both are functionalized with phosphorus acid groups. The composition of the present invention is useful for providing a matte finish on substrates, such as leather, textiles, wallboard, decorative coatings, concrete, and wood, with improved stain resistance. The present invention also relates to a leather substrate coated with a clear matte finish comprising an acrylic or styrene-acrylic polymer film and micron-sized polymer beads, wherein the film or the beads or both are functionalized with a phosphorus acid monomer.1. A composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of 1) polymer particles having an average particle size of from 50 to 300 nm; and b) polymer beads having an average particle size of from 2 to 30 μm; wherein the polymer particles or the polymer beads or both comprise from 0.1 to 5 weight percent structural units of a phosphorus acid monomer. 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight-to-weight ratio of polymer beads to polymer particles is from 10:90 to 80:20. 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the polymer beads comprise a hard phase and a soft phase, wherein the weight-to-weight ratio of the soft phase to the hard phase is from 1:1 to 10:1, wherein the weight-to-weight ratio of polymer beads to polymer particles is from 30:70 to 70:30. 4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the soft phase of the polymer beads comprises structural units of a crosslinking agent. 5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the polymer particles are film-forming at less than or equal to 25° C. and greater than or equal to −60° C. 6. The composition of claim 5 wherein the polymer beads and the polymer particles are each functionalized with from 0.1 to 5 weight percent structural units of a phosphorus acid monomer, wherein the phosphorus acid monomer is phosphoethyl methacrylate, wherein the composition further comprises a substantial absence of pigments. 7. The composition of claim 6 which comprises less than 1 weight percent of pigments, wherein the polymer beads and polymer particles are each functionalized with from 0.2 to 3 weight percent structural units of phosphoethyl methacrylate. 8. The composition of claim 1 which further comprises a suspension stabilizing agent which is hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or gelatin. 9. An article comprising a leather substrate coated with clear matte finish comprising an acrylic or styrene-acrylic polymer film and polymer beads having an average particle size of from 2 to 30 μm; wherein the acrylic or styrene-acrylic polymer film or the polymer beads or both comprise from 0.1 to 5 weight percent structural units of a phosphorus acid monomer. | 1,700 |
4,338 | 15,972,687 | 1,712 | A repair method for a separation membrane including a step of applying a colloidal solution to a surface of a separation membrane formed on a support. The colloidal solution has a predetermined pH. In colloidal solution, repair material particles are dispersed in an aqueous solvent. The repair material particles have an electrical charge that is opposite to an electrical charge of the support at the predetermined pH. | 1. A repair method for a separation membrane comprising;
applying a colloidal solution to a surface of a separation membrane formed on a support, wherein the colloidal solution has a predetermined pH, in colloidal solution, repair material particles are dispersed in an aqueous solvent, and the repair material particles have an electrical charge that is opposite to an electrical charge of the support at the predetermined pH. 2. The repair method for a separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein
the separation membrane has an electrical charge that is the same as the electrical charge of the repair material particles at the predetermined pH. 3. The repair method for a separation membrane according to claim 2, wherein
an absolute value of a zeta potential of the separation membrane is less than or equal to a zeta potential of the repair material particles at the predetermined pH. 4. The repair method for a separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein
a concentration of the repair material particles in the colloidal solution is greater than or equal to 0.01 mass % and less than or equal to 20 mass %. 5. The repair method for a separation membrane according to claim 1, further comprising;
drying the colloidal solution. 6. The repair method for a separation membrane according to claim 5, wherein the colloidal solution is dried naturally. 7. The repair method for a separation membrane according to claim 5, wherein the colloidal solution is subjected to thermal processing at less than or equal to 200° C. 8. A method of manufacture of a separation membrane structure comprising;
forming a separation membrane on a porous support, and applying a colloidal solution to a surface of a separation membrane formed on a support, wherein the colloidal solution has a predetermined pH, in colloidal solution, repair material particles are dispersed in an aqueous solvent, and the repair material particles have an electrical charge that is opposite to an electrical charge of the support at the predetermined pH. | A repair method for a separation membrane including a step of applying a colloidal solution to a surface of a separation membrane formed on a support. The colloidal solution has a predetermined pH. In colloidal solution, repair material particles are dispersed in an aqueous solvent. The repair material particles have an electrical charge that is opposite to an electrical charge of the support at the predetermined pH.1. A repair method for a separation membrane comprising;
applying a colloidal solution to a surface of a separation membrane formed on a support, wherein the colloidal solution has a predetermined pH, in colloidal solution, repair material particles are dispersed in an aqueous solvent, and the repair material particles have an electrical charge that is opposite to an electrical charge of the support at the predetermined pH. 2. The repair method for a separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein
the separation membrane has an electrical charge that is the same as the electrical charge of the repair material particles at the predetermined pH. 3. The repair method for a separation membrane according to claim 2, wherein
an absolute value of a zeta potential of the separation membrane is less than or equal to a zeta potential of the repair material particles at the predetermined pH. 4. The repair method for a separation membrane according to claim 1, wherein
a concentration of the repair material particles in the colloidal solution is greater than or equal to 0.01 mass % and less than or equal to 20 mass %. 5. The repair method for a separation membrane according to claim 1, further comprising;
drying the colloidal solution. 6. The repair method for a separation membrane according to claim 5, wherein the colloidal solution is dried naturally. 7. The repair method for a separation membrane according to claim 5, wherein the colloidal solution is subjected to thermal processing at less than or equal to 200° C. 8. A method of manufacture of a separation membrane structure comprising;
forming a separation membrane on a porous support, and applying a colloidal solution to a surface of a separation membrane formed on a support, wherein the colloidal solution has a predetermined pH, in colloidal solution, repair material particles are dispersed in an aqueous solvent, and the repair material particles have an electrical charge that is opposite to an electrical charge of the support at the predetermined pH. | 1,700 |
4,339 | 14,430,146 | 1,772 | This invention provides supported catalysts comprising a carrier, phosphorus, at least one Group VI metal, at least one Group VIII metal, and a polymer. In the catalyst, the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VI metal is about 1:1.5 to less than about 1:12, the molar ratio of the Group VI metal to the Group VIII metal is about 1:1 to about 5:1, and the polymer has a carbon backbone and comprises functional groups having at least one heteroatom. Also provided are a process for preparing such supported catalysts, as well as methods for hydrotreating, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydro desulfurization, using supported catalysts. | 1. A supported catalyst comprising a carrier, phosphorus, at least one Group VIB metal, at least one Group VIII metal, and a polymer, where
the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VIB metal is about 1:1.5 to less than about 1:12, the molar ratio of the Group VIB metal to the Group VIII metal is about 1:1 to about 5:1, and the polymer has a carbon backbone and comprises functional groups having at least one heteroatom. 2. A catalyst as in claim 1 wherein said carrier is silica,
alumina, silica-alumina, alumina with silica-alumina dispersed therein, alumina-coated silica, or silica-coated alumina, and/or wherein the functional groups of the polymer are carboxylic acid groups. 3. A catalyst as in claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VIB metal is about 1:2.5 to less than about 1:12. 4. (canceled) 5. A catalyst as in claim 1 wherein the polymer is polymaleic acid, polyfumaric acid, or polyacrylic acid. 6. A catalyst as in claim 1 wherein said Group VIB metal is molybdenum and/or tungsten, and/or wherein said Group VIII metal is nickel and/or cobalt. 7. A catalyst as in claim 1 wherein the catalyst has a polymer loading of about 1.5 wt % or more, relative to the total weight of the other components in the catalyst. 8. (canceled) 9. A catalyst as in claim 1 wherein the carrier is about 40 wt % to about 80 wt % of the catalyst, relative to the total weight of the carrier, hydrogenation metals, and phosphorus, where the hydrogenation metals and phosphorus are expressed as their oxides. 10. A method for hydrotreating, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydrodesulfurization, which method comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feed and a catalyst of claim 1. 11. A process for forming a supported catalyst, which process comprises
I) bringing together components in any of the following combinations:
a-i) a carrier, one or more monomer species, a polar solvent, and optionally an initiator,
b-i) a carrier, one or more monomer species, at least one phosphorus compound, at least one Group VIB metal compound, and at least one Group VIII metal compound, and optionally an initiator, or
c-i) a carrier and an impregnation solution, forming an impregnated carrier, followed by mixing the impregnated carrier with one or more monomer species and optionally an initiator,
to form a monomer-containing mixture, where said monomer species is soluble in the polar solvent and has carbon-carbon unsaturation and at least one functional group comprising at least one heteroatom; and II) polymerizing at least a portion of said monomer species in the monomer-containing mixture to form a polymerized product; III) when I) does not include at least one phosphorus compound, at least one Group VIB metal compound, and at least one Group VIII metal compound, either
a-iia) contacting an impregnation solution and the monomer-containing mixture during the polymerizing in II), or
a-iib) contacting the polymerized product and an impregnation solution;
to form a supported catalyst, where the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VIB metal is about 1:1.5 to less than about 1:12, where the molar ratio of the Group VIB metal to the Group VIII metal is about 1:1 to about 5:1, where said impregnation solution comprises a polar solvent, phosphorus, at least one Group VIB metal, and at least one Group VIII metal, where a polymer is formed during the polymerizing and the polymer has a carbon backbone and comprises functional groups having at least one heteroatom. 12. A process as in claim 11 further comprising removing excess solvent from the supported catalyst and/or further comprising sulfiding the catalyst. 13. A process as in claim 11 wherein a single impregnation step is carried out
a) in I) when bringing together a carrier, one or more monomer species, at least one phosphorus compound, at least one Group VIB metal compound, and at least one Group VIII metal compound;
b) in I), when bringing together a carrier and an impregnation solution; or
c) in III). 14. A process as in claim 12 wherein the polymerizing is carried out during the removal of excess solvent. 15. (canceled) 16. A process as in claim 11 wherein a carrier, one or more monomer species, at least one phosphorus compound, at least one Group VIB metal compound, and at least one Group VIII metal compound are brought together in I). 17. A process as in claim 11 wherein the heteroatom of the functional group of the monomer species is nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, or sulfur; wherein said carrier is silica, alumina, silica-alumina, alumina with silica-alumina dispersed therein, alumina-coated silica, or silica-coated alumina; and/or wherein the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VIB metal is about 1:2.5 to less than about 1:12. 18. A process as in claim 11 wherein the functional group of the monomer species is a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, or an amido group. 19. A process as in claim 11 wherein the monomer species is maleic acid, fumaric acid, acrylic acid, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, or N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide. 20-21. (canceled) 22. A process as in claim 16 wherein said polar solvent is water; wherein said phosphorus compound is a water soluble acidic phosphorus compound; wherein said Group VIB metal compound is an oxide or an oxo-acid; and/or wherein said Group VIII metal compound is a carbonate, hydroxide, or hydroxy-carbonate. 23-25. (canceled) 26. A process as in claim 22 wherein said Group VIB metal compound is a molybdenum compound and/or a tungsten compound, and/or wherein said Group VIII compound is a nickel and/or cobalt compound. 27. A process as in claim 11 wherein the carrier has been calcined and/or extruded prior to step I) of the process. 28. (canceled) 29. A supported catalyst formed as in claim 11. 30. A supported catalyst as in claim 29 wherein said Group VIB metal is molybdenum and/or tungsten, and/or wherein said Group VIII compound is nickel and/or cobalt. 31. A supported catalyst as in claim 29 wherein the catalyst has an average particle size of about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm. 32. A supported catalyst as in claim 29 wherein the carrier is about 40 wt % to about 80 wt % of the catalyst, relative to the total weight of the carrier, hydrogenation metals, and phosphorus, where the hydrogenation metals and phosphorus are expressed as their oxides. | This invention provides supported catalysts comprising a carrier, phosphorus, at least one Group VI metal, at least one Group VIII metal, and a polymer. In the catalyst, the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VI metal is about 1:1.5 to less than about 1:12, the molar ratio of the Group VI metal to the Group VIII metal is about 1:1 to about 5:1, and the polymer has a carbon backbone and comprises functional groups having at least one heteroatom. Also provided are a process for preparing such supported catalysts, as well as methods for hydrotreating, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydro desulfurization, using supported catalysts.1. A supported catalyst comprising a carrier, phosphorus, at least one Group VIB metal, at least one Group VIII metal, and a polymer, where
the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VIB metal is about 1:1.5 to less than about 1:12, the molar ratio of the Group VIB metal to the Group VIII metal is about 1:1 to about 5:1, and the polymer has a carbon backbone and comprises functional groups having at least one heteroatom. 2. A catalyst as in claim 1 wherein said carrier is silica,
alumina, silica-alumina, alumina with silica-alumina dispersed therein, alumina-coated silica, or silica-coated alumina, and/or wherein the functional groups of the polymer are carboxylic acid groups. 3. A catalyst as in claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VIB metal is about 1:2.5 to less than about 1:12. 4. (canceled) 5. A catalyst as in claim 1 wherein the polymer is polymaleic acid, polyfumaric acid, or polyacrylic acid. 6. A catalyst as in claim 1 wherein said Group VIB metal is molybdenum and/or tungsten, and/or wherein said Group VIII metal is nickel and/or cobalt. 7. A catalyst as in claim 1 wherein the catalyst has a polymer loading of about 1.5 wt % or more, relative to the total weight of the other components in the catalyst. 8. (canceled) 9. A catalyst as in claim 1 wherein the carrier is about 40 wt % to about 80 wt % of the catalyst, relative to the total weight of the carrier, hydrogenation metals, and phosphorus, where the hydrogenation metals and phosphorus are expressed as their oxides. 10. A method for hydrotreating, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydrodesulfurization, which method comprises contacting a hydrocarbon feed and a catalyst of claim 1. 11. A process for forming a supported catalyst, which process comprises
I) bringing together components in any of the following combinations:
a-i) a carrier, one or more monomer species, a polar solvent, and optionally an initiator,
b-i) a carrier, one or more monomer species, at least one phosphorus compound, at least one Group VIB metal compound, and at least one Group VIII metal compound, and optionally an initiator, or
c-i) a carrier and an impregnation solution, forming an impregnated carrier, followed by mixing the impregnated carrier with one or more monomer species and optionally an initiator,
to form a monomer-containing mixture, where said monomer species is soluble in the polar solvent and has carbon-carbon unsaturation and at least one functional group comprising at least one heteroatom; and II) polymerizing at least a portion of said monomer species in the monomer-containing mixture to form a polymerized product; III) when I) does not include at least one phosphorus compound, at least one Group VIB metal compound, and at least one Group VIII metal compound, either
a-iia) contacting an impregnation solution and the monomer-containing mixture during the polymerizing in II), or
a-iib) contacting the polymerized product and an impregnation solution;
to form a supported catalyst, where the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VIB metal is about 1:1.5 to less than about 1:12, where the molar ratio of the Group VIB metal to the Group VIII metal is about 1:1 to about 5:1, where said impregnation solution comprises a polar solvent, phosphorus, at least one Group VIB metal, and at least one Group VIII metal, where a polymer is formed during the polymerizing and the polymer has a carbon backbone and comprises functional groups having at least one heteroatom. 12. A process as in claim 11 further comprising removing excess solvent from the supported catalyst and/or further comprising sulfiding the catalyst. 13. A process as in claim 11 wherein a single impregnation step is carried out
a) in I) when bringing together a carrier, one or more monomer species, at least one phosphorus compound, at least one Group VIB metal compound, and at least one Group VIII metal compound;
b) in I), when bringing together a carrier and an impregnation solution; or
c) in III). 14. A process as in claim 12 wherein the polymerizing is carried out during the removal of excess solvent. 15. (canceled) 16. A process as in claim 11 wherein a carrier, one or more monomer species, at least one phosphorus compound, at least one Group VIB metal compound, and at least one Group VIII metal compound are brought together in I). 17. A process as in claim 11 wherein the heteroatom of the functional group of the monomer species is nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, or sulfur; wherein said carrier is silica, alumina, silica-alumina, alumina with silica-alumina dispersed therein, alumina-coated silica, or silica-coated alumina; and/or wherein the molar ratio of phosphorus to Group VIB metal is about 1:2.5 to less than about 1:12. 18. A process as in claim 11 wherein the functional group of the monomer species is a carboxylic acid group, an ester group, or an amido group. 19. A process as in claim 11 wherein the monomer species is maleic acid, fumaric acid, acrylic acid, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, or N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide. 20-21. (canceled) 22. A process as in claim 16 wherein said polar solvent is water; wherein said phosphorus compound is a water soluble acidic phosphorus compound; wherein said Group VIB metal compound is an oxide or an oxo-acid; and/or wherein said Group VIII metal compound is a carbonate, hydroxide, or hydroxy-carbonate. 23-25. (canceled) 26. A process as in claim 22 wherein said Group VIB metal compound is a molybdenum compound and/or a tungsten compound, and/or wherein said Group VIII compound is a nickel and/or cobalt compound. 27. A process as in claim 11 wherein the carrier has been calcined and/or extruded prior to step I) of the process. 28. (canceled) 29. A supported catalyst formed as in claim 11. 30. A supported catalyst as in claim 29 wherein said Group VIB metal is molybdenum and/or tungsten, and/or wherein said Group VIII compound is nickel and/or cobalt. 31. A supported catalyst as in claim 29 wherein the catalyst has an average particle size of about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm. 32. A supported catalyst as in claim 29 wherein the carrier is about 40 wt % to about 80 wt % of the catalyst, relative to the total weight of the carrier, hydrogenation metals, and phosphorus, where the hydrogenation metals and phosphorus are expressed as their oxides. | 1,700 |
4,340 | 13,266,166 | 1,777 | The present invention provides novel chromatographic materials, e.g., for chromatographic separations, processes for their preparation and separations devices containing the chromatographic materials. The preparation of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials of the invention wherein a surrounding material is condensed on a porous hybrid core material will allow for families of different hybrid packing materials to be prepared from a single core hybrid material. Differences in hydrophobicity, ion-exchange capacity, surface charge or silanol activity of the surrounding material may be used for unique chromatographic separations of small molecules, carbohydrates, antibodies, whole proteins, peptides, and/or DNA. | 1. An inorganic/organic hybrid material comprising an inorganic/organic hybrid surrounding material and an inorganic/organic hybrid core. 2. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid surrounding material and the inorganic/organic hybrid core are composed of different materials. 3. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid surrounding material and the inorganic/organic hybrid core are composed of the same materials. 4. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid surrounding material is composed of a material which enhances one or more of the characteristics selected from the group consisting of chromatographic selectivity, column chemical stability, column efficiency, and mechanical strength. 5. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid core is composed of a material which enhances one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of chromatographic selectivity, column chemical stability, column efficiency, and mechanical strength. 6. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 4, wherein the porous inorganic/organic surrounding material is composed of a material which provides advantages in chromatographic separation. 7. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 5, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid core is composed of a material which provides advantages in chromatographic separation. 8. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 4, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material is composed of a material which provides a change in hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB), surface charge (e.g., isoelectric point or silanol pKa), and/or surface functionality for enhanced chromatographic separation. 9. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material is derived from
condensation of one or more polymeric organofunctional metal precursors, and/or polymeric metal oxide precursors on the surface of the hybrid core, or application of partially condensed polymeric organofunctional metal precursors, a mixture of two or more polymeric organofunctional metal precursors, or a mixture of one or more polymeric organofunctional metal precursors with a polymeric metal oxide precursors on the surface of the hybrid core. 10. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 9, wherein the inorganic portion of the inorganic/organic surrounding material is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, cerium oxide, or zirconium oxides, and ceramic materials. 11. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 10, wherein the inorganic portion of the inorganic/organic surrounding material is silica. 12. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material is derived from
condensation of one or more organofunctional silanes and/or tetraalkoxysilane on the surface of the hybrid core, or application of partially condensed organofunctional silane, a mixture of two or more organofunctional silanes, or a mixture of one or more organofunctional silanes with a tetraalkoxysilane on the surface of the hybrid core. 13. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the hybrid content of the inorganic/organic surrounding material ranges from about 0-100 mol % hybrid. 14. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material is independently selected from alumina, silica, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide and ceramic materials. 15. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material is silica. 16. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the structure of the inorganic/organic surrounding material comprises a copolymeric structure. 17. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the pore structure of the inorganic/organic surrounding material comprises an ordered pore structure. 18. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 17, wherein the inorganic portion of the inorganic/organic surrounding material is present in an amount ranging from about 0 molar % to not more than about 25 molar %, wherein the pores of the inorganic/organic surrounding material are substantially disordered. 19. The hybrid material of claim 17, wherein the inorganic portion of the inorganic/organic surrounding material is present in an amount ranging from about 25 molar % to not more than about 50 molar %, wherein the pores of the inorganic/organic surrounding material are substantially disordered, and wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material possesses a chromatographically enhancing pore geometry (CEPG). 20. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic portion of the inorganic/organic surrounding material is independently selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide and ceramic materials. 21. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 17, comprising SiO2 in an amount ranging from about 0 molar % to not more than about 25 molar %, wherein the pores of the inorganic/organic surrounding material are substantially disordered. 22. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 17, comprising SiO2 in an amount ranging from about 25 molar % to not more than about 50 molar %, wherein the pores of the inorganic/organic surrounding material are substantially disordered and wherein the material has a chromatographically enhancing pore geometry (CEPG). 23. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material has a chromatographically enhancing pore geometry (CEPG). 24. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material comprises a material of a formula selected from the group consisting of formula I:
(SiO2)d/[R2((R)p(R1)q(SiOt)m]; (I)
wherein,
R and R1 are each independently C1-C18 alkoxy, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C5-C18 aryloxy, or C1-C18 heteroaryl;
R2 is C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C1-C18 heteroaryl; or absent; wherein each R2 is attached to two or more silicon atoms;
p and q are each independently 0.0 to 3.0;
t is 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5;
d is 0 to about 30;
m is an integer from 1-20; wherein R, R1 and R2 are optionally substituted;
provided that:
(1) when R2 is absent, m=1 and
t
=
(
4
-
(
p
+
q
)
)
2
,
when 0<p+q≦3; and
(2) when R2 is present, m=2-20 and
t
=
(
3
-
(
p
+
q
)
)
2
,
when p+q≦2;
formula II:
(SiO2)d/[(R)p(R1)qSiOt] (II);
wherein,
R and R1 are each independently C1-C18 alkoxy, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C5-C18 aryloxy, or C1-C18 heteroaryl;
d is 0 to about 30;
p and q are each independently 0.0 to 3.0, provided that when p+q=1 then t=1.5; when p+q=2 then t=1; or when p+q=3 then t=0.5;
formula III:
(SiO2)d/[R2((R1)rSiOt)m] (III)
wherein,
R1 is C1-C18 alkoxy, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C8-C18 aryloxy, or C1-C18 heteroaryl;
R2 is C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C1-C18 heteroaryl; or absent” wherein each R2 is attached to two or more silicon atoms;
d is 0 to about 30;
r is 0, 1 or 2, provided that when r=0 then t=1.5; or when r=1 then t=1; or when r=2 then t=0.5; and
m is an integer from 1-20;
formula IV:
(A)x(B)y(C)z (IV),
wherein the order of repeat units A, B, and C may be random, block, or a combination of random and block;
A is an organic repeat unit which is covalently bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
B is an organosiloxane repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or C via an inorganic siloxane bond and which may be further bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
C is an inorganic repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or C via an inorganic bond; and
x and y are positive numbers and z is a non negative number, wherein when z=0, then 0.002≦x/y≦210, and when z≠0 then 0.0003≦y/z≦500 and 0.002≦x/(y+z)≦210; and
formula V:
(A)x(B)y(B*)y*(C)z (V),
wherein the order of repeat units A, B, B*, and C may be random, block, or a combination of random and block;
A is an organic repeat unit which is covalently bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
B is an organosiloxane repeat units which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic siloxane bond and which may be further bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
B* is an organosiloxane repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic siloxane bond, wherein B* is an organosiloxane repeat unit that does not have reactive (La, polymerizable) organic components and may further have a protected functional group that may be deprotected after polymerization;
C is an inorganic repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic bond; and
x and y are positive numbers and z is a non negative number, wherein when z=0, then 0.002≦x/(y+y*)≦210, and when z≠0 then 0.0003≦(y+y*)/z≦500 and 0.002≦x/(y+y*+z)≦210. 25-43. (canceled) 44. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid core has a formula selected from the group consisting of formula I:
(SiO2)d/[R2((R)p(R1)qSiOt)m]; (I)
wherein,
R and R1 are each independently C1-C18 alkoxy, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C5-C18 aryloxy, or C1-C18 heteroaryl;
R2 is C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C1-C18 heteroaryl; or absent; wherein each R2 is attached to two or more silicon atoms;
p and q are each independently 0.0 to 3.0;
t is 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5;
d is 0 to about 30;
m is an integer from 1-20; wherein R, R1 and R2 are optionally substituted;
provided that:
(1) when R2 is absent, m=1 and
t
=
(
4
-
(
p
+
q
)
)
2
,
when 0<p+q<3; and
(2) when R2 is present, m=2-20 and
t
=
(
3
-
(
p
+
q
)
)
2
,
when p+q<2
formula II:
(SiO2)d/[(R)p(R1)qSiOt] (II);
wherein,
R and R1 are each independently C1-C18 alkoxy, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C5-C18 aryloxy, or C1-C18 heteroaryl;
d is 0 to about 30;
p and q are each independently 0.0 to 3.0, provided that when p+q=1 then t=1.5; when p+q=2 then t=1; or when p+q=3 then t=0.5;
formula III:
(SiO2)d/[R2((R1)rSiOt)m] (III)
wherein,
R1 is C1-C18 alkoxy, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C5-C18 aryloxy, or C1-C18 heteroaryl;
R2 is C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C1-C18 heteroaryl; or absent; wherein each R2 is attached to two or more silicon atoms;
d is 0 to about 30;
r is 0, 1 or 2, provided that when r=0 then t=1.5; or when r=1 then t=1; or when r=2 then t=0.5; and
m is an integer from 1-20;
formula IV:
(A)x(B)y(C)z (IV),
wherein the order of repeat units A, B, and C may be random, block, or a combination of random and block;
A is an organic repeat unit which is covalently bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
B is an organosiloxane repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or C via an inorganic siloxane bond and which may be further bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
C is an inorganic repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or C via an inorganic bond; and
x and y are positive numbers and z is a non negative number, wherein when z=0, then 0.002≦x/y≦210, and when z≠0 then 0.0003≦y/z≦500 and 0.002≦x/(y+z)≦210; and
formula V:
(A)x(B)y(B*)y*(C)z (V),
wherein the order of repeat units A, B, B*, and C may be random, block, or a combination of random and block;
A is an organic repeat unit which is covalently bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
B is an organosiloxane repeat units which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic siloxane bond and which may be further bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
B* is an organosiloxane repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic siloxane bond, wherein B* is an organosiloxane repeat unit that does not have reactive (i.e., polymerizable) organic components and may further have a protected functional group that may be deprotected after polymerization;
C is an inorganic repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic bond; and
x and y are positive numbers and z is a non negative number, wherein when z=0, then 0.002≦x/(y+y*)≦210, and when z≠0 then 0.0003≦(y+y*)/z≦500 and 0.002≦x/(y+y*+z)≦210. 45-51. (canceled) 52. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid core and/or the inorganic/organic surrounding material is a porous hybrid inorganic/organic material comprising ordered domains having formula IV, V or VI below:
(A)x(B)y(C)z (Formula IV)
wherein the order of repeat units A, B, and C may be random, block, or a combination of random and block; A is an organic repeat unit which is covalently bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond; B is an organosiloxane repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or C via an inorganic siloxane bond and which may be further bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
C is an inorganic repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or C via an inorganic bond; and
x, y are positive numbers and z is a non negative number, wherein when z=0, then 0.002≦x/y≦210, and when z≠0 then 0.0003≦y/z≦500 and 0.002≦x/(y+z)≦210;
(A)x(B)y(B*)y*(C)z (Formula V)
wherein the order of repeat units A, B, B*, and C may be random, block, or a combination of random and block; A is an organic repeat unit which is covalently bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond; B is an organosiloxane repeat units which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic siloxane bond and which may be further bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond; B* is an organosiloxane repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic siloxane bond, wherein B* is an organosiloxane repeat unit that does not have reactive (i.e., polymerizable) organic components and may further have a protected functional group that may be deprotected after polymerization; C is an inorganic repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic bond; and x, y are positive numbers and z is a non negative number, wherein when z=0, then 0.002≦x/(y+y*)≦210 and when z≠0 then 0.0003≦(y+y*)/z≦500 and 0.002≦x/(y+y*+z)≦210; or
[A]y[B]x (Formula VI),
wherein x and y are whole number integers and A is
SiO2/(R1 pR2 qSiOt)n or SiO2/[R3(R1 rSiOt)m]n;
wherein R1 and R2 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C7 alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R3 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C7 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or arylene group bridging two or more silicon atoms, p and q are 0, 1, or 2, provided that p+q=1 or 2, and that when p+q=1, t=1.5, and when p+q=2, t=1; r is 0 or 1, provided that when r=0, t=1.5, and when r=1, t=1; m is an integer greater than or equal to 2; and n is a number from 0.01 to 100;
B is:
SiO2/(R4 vSiOt)n
wherein R4 is hydroxyl, fluorine, alkoxy, aryloxy, substituted siloxane, protein, peptide, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, or combinations thereof, R4 is not R1, R2, or R3; v is 1 or 2, provided that when v=1, t=1.5, and when v=2, t=1; and n is a number from 0.01 to 100;
wherein the material of formula VI has an interior area and an exterior surface, and said interior area of said material has a composition represented by A; said exterior surface of said material has a composition represented by A and B, and wherein said exterior composition is between about 1 and about 99% of the composition of B and the remainder comprising A. 53. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 52 wherein diffraction peak maxima observed for said material of formula IV, V or VI, exhibit a 20 position that excludes diffraction peaks resulting from atomic-range order that are associated with amorphous material. 54-97. (canceled) 98. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid core is formed by hydrolytic condensation of one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of:
wherein R, R1 and R2 are as defined in claim 24;
X is C1-C18 alkoxy or C1-C18 alkyl; and
n is 1-8. 99-237. (canceled) 238. A separations device having a stationary phase comprising the inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1. 239. The separations device of claim 238, wherein said device is selected from the group consisting of chromatographic columns, thin layer plates, filtration membranes, sample cleanup devices, solid supports, microchip separation devices, and microtiter plates. 240. The separations device of claim 239, wherein the separations device is useful for applications selected from the group consisting of solid phase extraction, high pressure liquid chromatography, ultra high liquid chromatography, combinatorial chemistry, synthesis, biological assays, mass spectrometry, normal-phase separations, reversed-phase separations, HILIC separations, SFC separations, affinity separations, and SEC separations. 241. A chromatographic column, comprising
a) a column having a cylindrical interior for accepting a packing material and b) a packed chromatographic bed comprising the inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1. 242-245. (canceled) 246. The hybrid material of claim 24, wherein in formula I, R1 is C1-C18 alkyl group substituted by hydroxyl. 247. The hybrid material of claim 246, wherein R1 is hydroxypropyl. 248. The hybrid material of claim 246, wherein the hydroxy substituted alkyl group is further functionalized by an isocyanate. 249. The hybrid material of claim 248, wherein the isocyanate is octadecyl isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, pentafluorophenyl isocyanate, 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate, 3-cyanophenyl isocyanate, 2-cyanophenyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyate, benzyl isocyanate, phenethyl isocyanate or diphenylethyl isocyante. | The present invention provides novel chromatographic materials, e.g., for chromatographic separations, processes for their preparation and separations devices containing the chromatographic materials. The preparation of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials of the invention wherein a surrounding material is condensed on a porous hybrid core material will allow for families of different hybrid packing materials to be prepared from a single core hybrid material. Differences in hydrophobicity, ion-exchange capacity, surface charge or silanol activity of the surrounding material may be used for unique chromatographic separations of small molecules, carbohydrates, antibodies, whole proteins, peptides, and/or DNA.1. An inorganic/organic hybrid material comprising an inorganic/organic hybrid surrounding material and an inorganic/organic hybrid core. 2. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid surrounding material and the inorganic/organic hybrid core are composed of different materials. 3. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid surrounding material and the inorganic/organic hybrid core are composed of the same materials. 4. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid surrounding material is composed of a material which enhances one or more of the characteristics selected from the group consisting of chromatographic selectivity, column chemical stability, column efficiency, and mechanical strength. 5. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid core is composed of a material which enhances one or more characteristics selected from the group consisting of chromatographic selectivity, column chemical stability, column efficiency, and mechanical strength. 6. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 4, wherein the porous inorganic/organic surrounding material is composed of a material which provides advantages in chromatographic separation. 7. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 5, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid core is composed of a material which provides advantages in chromatographic separation. 8. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 4, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material is composed of a material which provides a change in hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB), surface charge (e.g., isoelectric point or silanol pKa), and/or surface functionality for enhanced chromatographic separation. 9. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material is derived from
condensation of one or more polymeric organofunctional metal precursors, and/or polymeric metal oxide precursors on the surface of the hybrid core, or application of partially condensed polymeric organofunctional metal precursors, a mixture of two or more polymeric organofunctional metal precursors, or a mixture of one or more polymeric organofunctional metal precursors with a polymeric metal oxide precursors on the surface of the hybrid core. 10. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 9, wherein the inorganic portion of the inorganic/organic surrounding material is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, cerium oxide, or zirconium oxides, and ceramic materials. 11. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 10, wherein the inorganic portion of the inorganic/organic surrounding material is silica. 12. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material is derived from
condensation of one or more organofunctional silanes and/or tetraalkoxysilane on the surface of the hybrid core, or application of partially condensed organofunctional silane, a mixture of two or more organofunctional silanes, or a mixture of one or more organofunctional silanes with a tetraalkoxysilane on the surface of the hybrid core. 13. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the hybrid content of the inorganic/organic surrounding material ranges from about 0-100 mol % hybrid. 14. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material is independently selected from alumina, silica, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide and ceramic materials. 15. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material is silica. 16. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the structure of the inorganic/organic surrounding material comprises a copolymeric structure. 17. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the pore structure of the inorganic/organic surrounding material comprises an ordered pore structure. 18. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 17, wherein the inorganic portion of the inorganic/organic surrounding material is present in an amount ranging from about 0 molar % to not more than about 25 molar %, wherein the pores of the inorganic/organic surrounding material are substantially disordered. 19. The hybrid material of claim 17, wherein the inorganic portion of the inorganic/organic surrounding material is present in an amount ranging from about 25 molar % to not more than about 50 molar %, wherein the pores of the inorganic/organic surrounding material are substantially disordered, and wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material possesses a chromatographically enhancing pore geometry (CEPG). 20. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic portion of the inorganic/organic surrounding material is independently selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide and ceramic materials. 21. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 17, comprising SiO2 in an amount ranging from about 0 molar % to not more than about 25 molar %, wherein the pores of the inorganic/organic surrounding material are substantially disordered. 22. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 17, comprising SiO2 in an amount ranging from about 25 molar % to not more than about 50 molar %, wherein the pores of the inorganic/organic surrounding material are substantially disordered and wherein the material has a chromatographically enhancing pore geometry (CEPG). 23. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material has a chromatographically enhancing pore geometry (CEPG). 24. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic surrounding material comprises a material of a formula selected from the group consisting of formula I:
(SiO2)d/[R2((R)p(R1)q(SiOt)m]; (I)
wherein,
R and R1 are each independently C1-C18 alkoxy, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C5-C18 aryloxy, or C1-C18 heteroaryl;
R2 is C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C1-C18 heteroaryl; or absent; wherein each R2 is attached to two or more silicon atoms;
p and q are each independently 0.0 to 3.0;
t is 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5;
d is 0 to about 30;
m is an integer from 1-20; wherein R, R1 and R2 are optionally substituted;
provided that:
(1) when R2 is absent, m=1 and
t
=
(
4
-
(
p
+
q
)
)
2
,
when 0<p+q≦3; and
(2) when R2 is present, m=2-20 and
t
=
(
3
-
(
p
+
q
)
)
2
,
when p+q≦2;
formula II:
(SiO2)d/[(R)p(R1)qSiOt] (II);
wherein,
R and R1 are each independently C1-C18 alkoxy, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C5-C18 aryloxy, or C1-C18 heteroaryl;
d is 0 to about 30;
p and q are each independently 0.0 to 3.0, provided that when p+q=1 then t=1.5; when p+q=2 then t=1; or when p+q=3 then t=0.5;
formula III:
(SiO2)d/[R2((R1)rSiOt)m] (III)
wherein,
R1 is C1-C18 alkoxy, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C8-C18 aryloxy, or C1-C18 heteroaryl;
R2 is C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C1-C18 heteroaryl; or absent” wherein each R2 is attached to two or more silicon atoms;
d is 0 to about 30;
r is 0, 1 or 2, provided that when r=0 then t=1.5; or when r=1 then t=1; or when r=2 then t=0.5; and
m is an integer from 1-20;
formula IV:
(A)x(B)y(C)z (IV),
wherein the order of repeat units A, B, and C may be random, block, or a combination of random and block;
A is an organic repeat unit which is covalently bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
B is an organosiloxane repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or C via an inorganic siloxane bond and which may be further bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
C is an inorganic repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or C via an inorganic bond; and
x and y are positive numbers and z is a non negative number, wherein when z=0, then 0.002≦x/y≦210, and when z≠0 then 0.0003≦y/z≦500 and 0.002≦x/(y+z)≦210; and
formula V:
(A)x(B)y(B*)y*(C)z (V),
wherein the order of repeat units A, B, B*, and C may be random, block, or a combination of random and block;
A is an organic repeat unit which is covalently bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
B is an organosiloxane repeat units which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic siloxane bond and which may be further bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
B* is an organosiloxane repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic siloxane bond, wherein B* is an organosiloxane repeat unit that does not have reactive (La, polymerizable) organic components and may further have a protected functional group that may be deprotected after polymerization;
C is an inorganic repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic bond; and
x and y are positive numbers and z is a non negative number, wherein when z=0, then 0.002≦x/(y+y*)≦210, and when z≠0 then 0.0003≦(y+y*)/z≦500 and 0.002≦x/(y+y*+z)≦210. 25-43. (canceled) 44. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid core has a formula selected from the group consisting of formula I:
(SiO2)d/[R2((R)p(R1)qSiOt)m]; (I)
wherein,
R and R1 are each independently C1-C18 alkoxy, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C5-C18 aryloxy, or C1-C18 heteroaryl;
R2 is C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C1-C18 heteroaryl; or absent; wherein each R2 is attached to two or more silicon atoms;
p and q are each independently 0.0 to 3.0;
t is 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5;
d is 0 to about 30;
m is an integer from 1-20; wherein R, R1 and R2 are optionally substituted;
provided that:
(1) when R2 is absent, m=1 and
t
=
(
4
-
(
p
+
q
)
)
2
,
when 0<p+q<3; and
(2) when R2 is present, m=2-20 and
t
=
(
3
-
(
p
+
q
)
)
2
,
when p+q<2
formula II:
(SiO2)d/[(R)p(R1)qSiOt] (II);
wherein,
R and R1 are each independently C1-C18 alkoxy, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C5-C18 aryloxy, or C1-C18 heteroaryl;
d is 0 to about 30;
p and q are each independently 0.0 to 3.0, provided that when p+q=1 then t=1.5; when p+q=2 then t=1; or when p+q=3 then t=0.5;
formula III:
(SiO2)d/[R2((R1)rSiOt)m] (III)
wherein,
R1 is C1-C18 alkoxy, C1-C18 alkyl, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C5-C18 aryloxy, or C1-C18 heteroaryl;
R2 is C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C3-C18 cycloalkyl, C1-C18 heterocycloalkyl, C5-C18 aryl, C1-C18 heteroaryl; or absent; wherein each R2 is attached to two or more silicon atoms;
d is 0 to about 30;
r is 0, 1 or 2, provided that when r=0 then t=1.5; or when r=1 then t=1; or when r=2 then t=0.5; and
m is an integer from 1-20;
formula IV:
(A)x(B)y(C)z (IV),
wherein the order of repeat units A, B, and C may be random, block, or a combination of random and block;
A is an organic repeat unit which is covalently bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
B is an organosiloxane repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or C via an inorganic siloxane bond and which may be further bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
C is an inorganic repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or C via an inorganic bond; and
x and y are positive numbers and z is a non negative number, wherein when z=0, then 0.002≦x/y≦210, and when z≠0 then 0.0003≦y/z≦500 and 0.002≦x/(y+z)≦210; and
formula V:
(A)x(B)y(B*)y*(C)z (V),
wherein the order of repeat units A, B, B*, and C may be random, block, or a combination of random and block;
A is an organic repeat unit which is covalently bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
B is an organosiloxane repeat units which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic siloxane bond and which may be further bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
B* is an organosiloxane repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic siloxane bond, wherein B* is an organosiloxane repeat unit that does not have reactive (i.e., polymerizable) organic components and may further have a protected functional group that may be deprotected after polymerization;
C is an inorganic repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic bond; and
x and y are positive numbers and z is a non negative number, wherein when z=0, then 0.002≦x/(y+y*)≦210, and when z≠0 then 0.0003≦(y+y*)/z≦500 and 0.002≦x/(y+y*+z)≦210. 45-51. (canceled) 52. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid core and/or the inorganic/organic surrounding material is a porous hybrid inorganic/organic material comprising ordered domains having formula IV, V or VI below:
(A)x(B)y(C)z (Formula IV)
wherein the order of repeat units A, B, and C may be random, block, or a combination of random and block; A is an organic repeat unit which is covalently bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond; B is an organosiloxane repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or C via an inorganic siloxane bond and which may be further bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond;
C is an inorganic repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or C via an inorganic bond; and
x, y are positive numbers and z is a non negative number, wherein when z=0, then 0.002≦x/y≦210, and when z≠0 then 0.0003≦y/z≦500 and 0.002≦x/(y+z)≦210;
(A)x(B)y(B*)y*(C)z (Formula V)
wherein the order of repeat units A, B, B*, and C may be random, block, or a combination of random and block; A is an organic repeat unit which is covalently bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond; B is an organosiloxane repeat units which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic siloxane bond and which may be further bonded to one or more repeat units A or B via an organic bond; B* is an organosiloxane repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic siloxane bond, wherein B* is an organosiloxane repeat unit that does not have reactive (i.e., polymerizable) organic components and may further have a protected functional group that may be deprotected after polymerization; C is an inorganic repeat unit which is bonded to one or more repeat units B or B* or C via an inorganic bond; and x, y are positive numbers and z is a non negative number, wherein when z=0, then 0.002≦x/(y+y*)≦210 and when z≠0 then 0.0003≦(y+y*)/z≦500 and 0.002≦x/(y+y*+z)≦210; or
[A]y[B]x (Formula VI),
wherein x and y are whole number integers and A is
SiO2/(R1 pR2 qSiOt)n or SiO2/[R3(R1 rSiOt)m]n;
wherein R1 and R2 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C7 alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R3 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C7 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or arylene group bridging two or more silicon atoms, p and q are 0, 1, or 2, provided that p+q=1 or 2, and that when p+q=1, t=1.5, and when p+q=2, t=1; r is 0 or 1, provided that when r=0, t=1.5, and when r=1, t=1; m is an integer greater than or equal to 2; and n is a number from 0.01 to 100;
B is:
SiO2/(R4 vSiOt)n
wherein R4 is hydroxyl, fluorine, alkoxy, aryloxy, substituted siloxane, protein, peptide, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, or combinations thereof, R4 is not R1, R2, or R3; v is 1 or 2, provided that when v=1, t=1.5, and when v=2, t=1; and n is a number from 0.01 to 100;
wherein the material of formula VI has an interior area and an exterior surface, and said interior area of said material has a composition represented by A; said exterior surface of said material has a composition represented by A and B, and wherein said exterior composition is between about 1 and about 99% of the composition of B and the remainder comprising A. 53. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 52 wherein diffraction peak maxima observed for said material of formula IV, V or VI, exhibit a 20 position that excludes diffraction peaks resulting from atomic-range order that are associated with amorphous material. 54-97. (canceled) 98. The inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic/organic hybrid core is formed by hydrolytic condensation of one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of:
wherein R, R1 and R2 are as defined in claim 24;
X is C1-C18 alkoxy or C1-C18 alkyl; and
n is 1-8. 99-237. (canceled) 238. A separations device having a stationary phase comprising the inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1. 239. The separations device of claim 238, wherein said device is selected from the group consisting of chromatographic columns, thin layer plates, filtration membranes, sample cleanup devices, solid supports, microchip separation devices, and microtiter plates. 240. The separations device of claim 239, wherein the separations device is useful for applications selected from the group consisting of solid phase extraction, high pressure liquid chromatography, ultra high liquid chromatography, combinatorial chemistry, synthesis, biological assays, mass spectrometry, normal-phase separations, reversed-phase separations, HILIC separations, SFC separations, affinity separations, and SEC separations. 241. A chromatographic column, comprising
a) a column having a cylindrical interior for accepting a packing material and b) a packed chromatographic bed comprising the inorganic/organic hybrid material of claim 1. 242-245. (canceled) 246. The hybrid material of claim 24, wherein in formula I, R1 is C1-C18 alkyl group substituted by hydroxyl. 247. The hybrid material of claim 246, wherein R1 is hydroxypropyl. 248. The hybrid material of claim 246, wherein the hydroxy substituted alkyl group is further functionalized by an isocyanate. 249. The hybrid material of claim 248, wherein the isocyanate is octadecyl isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, pentafluorophenyl isocyanate, 4-cyanophenyl isocyanate, 3-cyanophenyl isocyanate, 2-cyanophenyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyate, benzyl isocyanate, phenethyl isocyanate or diphenylethyl isocyante. | 1,700 |
4,341 | 15,712,421 | 1,793 | UHT treated liquid nutritional compositions are provided having a high caloric content of around 2.0 kcal/ml and higher, a savoury taste and comprising protein, carbohydrate and fat components. The nutritional compositions are for use in the treatment of patients having high energy needs. | 1. A high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition comprising protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals,
having an energy density of 1.8-2.8 kcal/ml, wherein the protein content is 9-14 g/100 ml, and the carbohydrates comprise at least 90 wt. % (based on total carbohydrates) of maltodextrins having a dextrose equivalent (DE) of 13-22. 2. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, wherein the maltodextrins have a DE of 15-18. 3. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, wherein protein presents 15-25 EN %, fat 30-40 EN %, and carbohydrates 40-50 EN % of the total caloric content of the nutritional composition. 4. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, wherein the total concentration of chloride ions in the nutritional composition is 0.6-0.9 g/L. 5. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, wherein the protein is selected from one or more of milk protein, milk protein isolate, milk protein concentrate, casein, sodium caseinate and calcium caseinate. 6. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, wherein the fat is selected from vegetable oils. 7. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, comprising salts of sodium and/or potassium cations and anions selected from the group of chlorides, carbonates, citrates, gluconates, and tartrates. 8. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 7, comprising sodium carbonate at 0.25-0.60 g/L. 9. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 7, comprising sodium citrate at 0.5-3.0 g/L. 10. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 7, comprising potassium carbonate at 0.25-0.90 g/L. 11. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 7, comprising potassium citrate at 0.5-3.0 g/L. 12. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 7, having a pH of 6.7-8 achieved by the addition of an acid. 13. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 12, wherein the acid is selected from the group of phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and lactic acid, preferably hydrochloric acid. 14. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, comprising a soup taste enhancing agent and/or a sweetness masking agent. 15. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, obtainable by a process comprising
a first step wherein the protein is dissolved in water, a second step wherein the sweetness masking agent is added, and one or more subsequent steps wherein all remaining ingredients are added. 16. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 2, wherein protein presents 15-25 EN %, fat 30-40 EN %, and carbohydrates 40-50 EN % of the total caloric content of the nutritional composition. 17. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 2, wherein the total concentration of chloride ions in the nutritional composition is 0.6-0.9 g/L. 18. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 2, wherein the protein is selected from one or more of milk protein, milk protein isolate, milk protein concentrate, casein, sodium caseinate and calcium caseinate. 19. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 2, wherein the protein is selected from one or more of milk protein, milk protein isolate, milk protein concentrate, casein, sodium caseinate and calcium caseinate. 20. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 2, wherein the fat is selected from vegetable oils | UHT treated liquid nutritional compositions are provided having a high caloric content of around 2.0 kcal/ml and higher, a savoury taste and comprising protein, carbohydrate and fat components. The nutritional compositions are for use in the treatment of patients having high energy needs.1. A high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition comprising protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals,
having an energy density of 1.8-2.8 kcal/ml, wherein the protein content is 9-14 g/100 ml, and the carbohydrates comprise at least 90 wt. % (based on total carbohydrates) of maltodextrins having a dextrose equivalent (DE) of 13-22. 2. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, wherein the maltodextrins have a DE of 15-18. 3. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, wherein protein presents 15-25 EN %, fat 30-40 EN %, and carbohydrates 40-50 EN % of the total caloric content of the nutritional composition. 4. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, wherein the total concentration of chloride ions in the nutritional composition is 0.6-0.9 g/L. 5. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, wherein the protein is selected from one or more of milk protein, milk protein isolate, milk protein concentrate, casein, sodium caseinate and calcium caseinate. 6. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, wherein the fat is selected from vegetable oils. 7. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, comprising salts of sodium and/or potassium cations and anions selected from the group of chlorides, carbonates, citrates, gluconates, and tartrates. 8. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 7, comprising sodium carbonate at 0.25-0.60 g/L. 9. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 7, comprising sodium citrate at 0.5-3.0 g/L. 10. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 7, comprising potassium carbonate at 0.25-0.90 g/L. 11. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 7, comprising potassium citrate at 0.5-3.0 g/L. 12. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 7, having a pH of 6.7-8 achieved by the addition of an acid. 13. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 12, wherein the acid is selected from the group of phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and lactic acid, preferably hydrochloric acid. 14. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, comprising a soup taste enhancing agent and/or a sweetness masking agent. 15. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 1, obtainable by a process comprising
a first step wherein the protein is dissolved in water, a second step wherein the sweetness masking agent is added, and one or more subsequent steps wherein all remaining ingredients are added. 16. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 2, wherein protein presents 15-25 EN %, fat 30-40 EN %, and carbohydrates 40-50 EN % of the total caloric content of the nutritional composition. 17. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 2, wherein the total concentration of chloride ions in the nutritional composition is 0.6-0.9 g/L. 18. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 2, wherein the protein is selected from one or more of milk protein, milk protein isolate, milk protein concentrate, casein, sodium caseinate and calcium caseinate. 19. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 2, wherein the protein is selected from one or more of milk protein, milk protein isolate, milk protein concentrate, casein, sodium caseinate and calcium caseinate. 20. The high calorie, UHT treated liquid nutritional composition according to claim 2, wherein the fat is selected from vegetable oils | 1,700 |
4,342 | 14,899,833 | 1,724 | A lithium-polymer based battery pack for power a hand held power tool or a garden tool, the battery pack has a plurality of battery cells located within housing that is selectively connectable to and supportable by a hand held power tool or a garden tool. The battery cells have a lithium-polymer based chemistry and a nominal charged internal impedance of less than or equal to approximately 5 milliohms. In one embodiment the cells are think cells are stacked within the housing such that each sell is layered over or under an adjacent cell and a resiliently deformable substrate located between adjacent battery cells. In another embodiment the cells may be interconnected to have a combined output voltage of at least 9 volts and to produce a combined average discharge current of greater than 20 amps. A lithium-polymer tool battery and a battery powered tool are also part of the invention. | 1. A lithium-polymer based battery pack for powering a hand held power tool or a garden tool, the battery pack comprising:
a housing selectively connectable to and supportable by a hand held power tool or a garden tool, a battery cell located within the housing, the cell having an output voltage of at least 4 volts and producing an average discharge current of greater than 10 amps, wherein the battery cell has a lithium-polymer based chemistry and a nominal charged internal impedance of less than or equal to approximately 10 milliohms. 2. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of the battery cells located within the housing, the plurality of cells being interconnected to have a combined output voltage of at least 4 volts and a combined average discharge current of greater than 10 amps, wherein each cell has a lithium-polymer based chemistry and a nominal charged internal impedance of less than or equal to approximately 10 milliohms. 3. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the plurality of the battery cells comprises between 2 and 20 cells interconnected in series. 4. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the plurality of the battery cells comprises between 2 and 10 cells interconnected in series. 5. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the plurality of the battery cells comprises between 3 and 5 cells interconnected in series. 6. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 1 wherein the battery cell has a nominal amp-hour capacity of greater than 1.5 amp-hours. 7. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 1 wherein the battery cell has a nominal cell voltage of between 2 volts and 4.2 volts. 8. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the battery cells have a combined output voltage of between 4 volts and 40 volts. 9. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 1 wherein the battery cell comprises an anode electrode sheet, a cathode electrode sheet and a lithium-polymer based substrate lamented between the anode and cathode electrode sheets. 10. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 1 wherein the battery cell is generally flat and has a cell width and a cell thickness, the cell thickness being less than 15% of the cell width. 11. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the plurality of battery cells are layered within the housing such that each cell is lying adjacent another one of the cells, and further including a resiliently deformable substrate between the adjacent cells. 12. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 11 wherein a distance between the adjacent cells in greater than 5% of the cell width. 13. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 11 wherein the resiliently deformable substrate is thermally conductive or contains a thermally conductive component. 14. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 11 including at least one sensor element located between at least two adjacent ones of the cells, said sensor element providing a sensor signal to a battery controller. 15. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 14 wherein the sensor element comprises a temperature sensor. 16. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 14 wherein the sensor element comprises a temperature sensor, and wherein a second pressure sensing element is located between at least two adjacent ones of the cells and provides a pressure sensor signal to a battery controller 17. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the housing defines a housing volume and the plurality of cells provides a combined battery volume, and wherein a ratio of the combined battery volume to the housing volume is greater than 80%. 18. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein each of the battery cells comprises a first connection lead connected with an anode sheet of the cell and a second connection lead connected with a cathode sheet of the cell, the first connection lead extending from a first edge of the cell and the second connection lead extending from a second edge of the cell, the second edge being a different edge to the first edge of the cell. 19. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 18 wherein the second edge is symmetrically opposite the first edge. 20. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 18 wherein the plurality of battery cells is stacked within the housing such that each cell is lying adjacent another one of the cells, at least one of the connection leads joined with a connection lead of an adjacent cell. 21. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 20 further including a guide member having a convex guiding surface abutting the joined connection leads extending between adjusted cells. 22. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 21 wherein the guide member supports the joined connection leads about a smooth radius between the adjusted cells. 23. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 21 further including a resiliently deformable substrate between adjacent cells. 24. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 23 wherein the guide member and resiliently deformable substrate between adjacent cells is a single integral member. 25. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the plurality of battery cells are supported within the housing in a resiliently deformable cradle surrounding at least a part of each cell. 26. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 25 wherein the resiliently deformable cradle comprises two or more resiliently deformable members each abutting at least one battery cell. 27.-31. (canceled) | A lithium-polymer based battery pack for power a hand held power tool or a garden tool, the battery pack has a plurality of battery cells located within housing that is selectively connectable to and supportable by a hand held power tool or a garden tool. The battery cells have a lithium-polymer based chemistry and a nominal charged internal impedance of less than or equal to approximately 5 milliohms. In one embodiment the cells are think cells are stacked within the housing such that each sell is layered over or under an adjacent cell and a resiliently deformable substrate located between adjacent battery cells. In another embodiment the cells may be interconnected to have a combined output voltage of at least 9 volts and to produce a combined average discharge current of greater than 20 amps. A lithium-polymer tool battery and a battery powered tool are also part of the invention.1. A lithium-polymer based battery pack for powering a hand held power tool or a garden tool, the battery pack comprising:
a housing selectively connectable to and supportable by a hand held power tool or a garden tool, a battery cell located within the housing, the cell having an output voltage of at least 4 volts and producing an average discharge current of greater than 10 amps, wherein the battery cell has a lithium-polymer based chemistry and a nominal charged internal impedance of less than or equal to approximately 10 milliohms. 2. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of the battery cells located within the housing, the plurality of cells being interconnected to have a combined output voltage of at least 4 volts and a combined average discharge current of greater than 10 amps, wherein each cell has a lithium-polymer based chemistry and a nominal charged internal impedance of less than or equal to approximately 10 milliohms. 3. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the plurality of the battery cells comprises between 2 and 20 cells interconnected in series. 4. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the plurality of the battery cells comprises between 2 and 10 cells interconnected in series. 5. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the plurality of the battery cells comprises between 3 and 5 cells interconnected in series. 6. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 1 wherein the battery cell has a nominal amp-hour capacity of greater than 1.5 amp-hours. 7. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 1 wherein the battery cell has a nominal cell voltage of between 2 volts and 4.2 volts. 8. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the battery cells have a combined output voltage of between 4 volts and 40 volts. 9. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 1 wherein the battery cell comprises an anode electrode sheet, a cathode electrode sheet and a lithium-polymer based substrate lamented between the anode and cathode electrode sheets. 10. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 1 wherein the battery cell is generally flat and has a cell width and a cell thickness, the cell thickness being less than 15% of the cell width. 11. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the plurality of battery cells are layered within the housing such that each cell is lying adjacent another one of the cells, and further including a resiliently deformable substrate between the adjacent cells. 12. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 11 wherein a distance between the adjacent cells in greater than 5% of the cell width. 13. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 11 wherein the resiliently deformable substrate is thermally conductive or contains a thermally conductive component. 14. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 11 including at least one sensor element located between at least two adjacent ones of the cells, said sensor element providing a sensor signal to a battery controller. 15. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 14 wherein the sensor element comprises a temperature sensor. 16. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 14 wherein the sensor element comprises a temperature sensor, and wherein a second pressure sensing element is located between at least two adjacent ones of the cells and provides a pressure sensor signal to a battery controller 17. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the housing defines a housing volume and the plurality of cells provides a combined battery volume, and wherein a ratio of the combined battery volume to the housing volume is greater than 80%. 18. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein each of the battery cells comprises a first connection lead connected with an anode sheet of the cell and a second connection lead connected with a cathode sheet of the cell, the first connection lead extending from a first edge of the cell and the second connection lead extending from a second edge of the cell, the second edge being a different edge to the first edge of the cell. 19. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 18 wherein the second edge is symmetrically opposite the first edge. 20. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 18 wherein the plurality of battery cells is stacked within the housing such that each cell is lying adjacent another one of the cells, at least one of the connection leads joined with a connection lead of an adjacent cell. 21. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 20 further including a guide member having a convex guiding surface abutting the joined connection leads extending between adjusted cells. 22. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 21 wherein the guide member supports the joined connection leads about a smooth radius between the adjusted cells. 23. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 21 further including a resiliently deformable substrate between adjacent cells. 24. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 23 wherein the guide member and resiliently deformable substrate between adjacent cells is a single integral member. 25. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 2 wherein the plurality of battery cells are supported within the housing in a resiliently deformable cradle surrounding at least a part of each cell. 26. The lithium-polymer based battery pack of claim 25 wherein the resiliently deformable cradle comprises two or more resiliently deformable members each abutting at least one battery cell. 27.-31. (canceled) | 1,700 |
4,343 | 13,800,464 | 1,783 | An aircraft component includes, but is not limited to, a first panel including a first channel and a second panel including a second channel. The second panel is disposed such that the second channel is aligned with the first channel. The aircraft component further includes, but is not limited to, a web section that disposed adjacent the first and second panels. The web section includes a first engagement portion engaged with the first channel and a second engagement portion engaged with the second channel. The aircraft component further includes, but is not limited to an adhesive that is disposed between the first engagement portion and the first channel and between the second engagement portion and the second channel. The first panel and the second panel are joined together by cooperation of the web section and the adhesive. | 1. An aircraft component comprising:
a first panel including a first channel; a second panel including a second channel, the second panel positioned such that the second channel is aligned with the first channel; a web section disposed adjacent the first panel and the second panel, the web section including a first engagement portion and a second engagement portion, the first engagement portion engaged with the first channel and the second engagement portion engaged with the second channel; and an adhesive disposed between the first engagement portion and the first channel and between the second engagement portion and the second channel, wherein the first panel and the second panel are joined together by cooperation of the web section and the adhesive. 2. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the first engagement portion and the first channel are configured to snap-fit together and wherein the second engagement portion and the second channel are configured to snap-fit together. 3. The aircraft component of claim 2, wherein the first engagement portion includes a first barb extending along a length of the first engagement portion, the first channel comprises a first lip extending along a length of the first channel, and the first lip is configured to engage the first barb when the first engagement portion is inserted into the first channel, and
wherein the second engagement portion includes a second barb extending along a length of the second engagement portion, the second channel comprises a second lip extending along a length of the second channel, and the second lip is configured to engage the second barb when the second engagement portion is inserted into the second channel. 4. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the aircraft component is substantially free of any fasteners. 5. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the first panel is disposed opposite the second panel and wherein the web section is disposed between the first panel and the second panel. 6. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the first panel includes a plurality of the first channels, wherein the second panel includes a respective plurality of the second channels, the aircraft component further comprising a respective plurality of the web sections, wherein each web section is engaged with a respective first channel and a respective second channel, and wherein the adhesive is disposed between each first engagement portion of each web section and each respective first channel and between each second engagement portion of each web section and each respective second channel. 7. The aircraft component of claim 6, wherein one first channel of the plurality of first channels is out of alignment with another first channel of the plurality of first channels, wherein one second channel of the plurality of second channels is out of alignment with another second channel of the plurality of second channels, and wherein the one first channel is aligned with the one second channel. 8. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the adhesive is engaged with three sides of the first engagement portion and with three sides of the second engagement portion. 9. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the adhesive comprises a liquid adhesive. 10. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the adhesive comprises a film adhesive. 11. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the first panel, the second panel, and the web section each comprise a metal material. 12. The aircraft component of claim 11, wherein the metal material comprises aluminum. 13. A method of making an aircraft component, the method comprising the steps of:
obtaining a first panel having a first channel, a second panel having a second channel, and a web section having a first engagement portion and a second engagement portion; applying an adhesive to one of the first engagement portion and the first channel and to one of the second engagement portion and the second channel; positioning the first panel, the second panel, and the web section such that the first engagement portion is disposed adjacent the first channel and such that the second engagement portion is disposed adjacent the second channel; compressing the first panel, the second panel, and the web section until the first engagement portion engages the first channel and the second engagement portion engages the second channel to form the aircraft component. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the obtaining step comprises:
obtaining at least three billets of material; removing material from a first billet to produce a first subcomponent having a first desired thickness; removing material from a second billet to produce a second subcomponent having a second desired thickness; removing material from a third billet to produce a third subcomponent having a third desired thickness; defining a first channel in the first subcomponent to form the first panel; defining a second channel in the second subcomponent to form the second panel; defining a first engagement portion and a second engagement portion on the third subcomponent to form a web section. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the obtaining step comprises:
obtaining a first billet of material having a first initial thickness that is insubstantially thicker than the first desired thickness; obtaining a second billet of material having a second initial thickness that is insubstantially thicker than the second desired thickness; and obtaining a third billet of material having a third initial thickness that is insubstantially thicker than the third desired thickness. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein removing material from the first billet comprises machining the first billet, wherein removing material from the second billet comprises machining the second billet, and wherein removing material from the third billet comprises machining the third billet. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein defining the first channel comprises defining a first pair of engaging lips, wherein defining the second channel comprises defining a second pair of engaging lips, wherein defining the first engagement portion comprises defining a first barb along a first edge of the third subcomponent, and wherein defining the second engagement portion comprises defining a second barb along a second edge of the third subcomponent. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the compressing step comprises compressing the first panel, the second panel, and the web section in a press. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the aircraft component is removed from the press before the adhesive cures. 20. The method claim of claim 13, wherein the first engagement portion includes a first barb configured for snap-fit engagement with the first channel, wherein the second engagement portion includes a second barb configured for snap-fit engagement with the second channel, and wherein the compressing step comprises compressing the first panel, the second panel, and the web section until the first engagement portion and the first channel snap together and until the second engagement portion and the second channel snap together. | An aircraft component includes, but is not limited to, a first panel including a first channel and a second panel including a second channel. The second panel is disposed such that the second channel is aligned with the first channel. The aircraft component further includes, but is not limited to, a web section that disposed adjacent the first and second panels. The web section includes a first engagement portion engaged with the first channel and a second engagement portion engaged with the second channel. The aircraft component further includes, but is not limited to an adhesive that is disposed between the first engagement portion and the first channel and between the second engagement portion and the second channel. The first panel and the second panel are joined together by cooperation of the web section and the adhesive.1. An aircraft component comprising:
a first panel including a first channel; a second panel including a second channel, the second panel positioned such that the second channel is aligned with the first channel; a web section disposed adjacent the first panel and the second panel, the web section including a first engagement portion and a second engagement portion, the first engagement portion engaged with the first channel and the second engagement portion engaged with the second channel; and an adhesive disposed between the first engagement portion and the first channel and between the second engagement portion and the second channel, wherein the first panel and the second panel are joined together by cooperation of the web section and the adhesive. 2. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the first engagement portion and the first channel are configured to snap-fit together and wherein the second engagement portion and the second channel are configured to snap-fit together. 3. The aircraft component of claim 2, wherein the first engagement portion includes a first barb extending along a length of the first engagement portion, the first channel comprises a first lip extending along a length of the first channel, and the first lip is configured to engage the first barb when the first engagement portion is inserted into the first channel, and
wherein the second engagement portion includes a second barb extending along a length of the second engagement portion, the second channel comprises a second lip extending along a length of the second channel, and the second lip is configured to engage the second barb when the second engagement portion is inserted into the second channel. 4. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the aircraft component is substantially free of any fasteners. 5. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the first panel is disposed opposite the second panel and wherein the web section is disposed between the first panel and the second panel. 6. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the first panel includes a plurality of the first channels, wherein the second panel includes a respective plurality of the second channels, the aircraft component further comprising a respective plurality of the web sections, wherein each web section is engaged with a respective first channel and a respective second channel, and wherein the adhesive is disposed between each first engagement portion of each web section and each respective first channel and between each second engagement portion of each web section and each respective second channel. 7. The aircraft component of claim 6, wherein one first channel of the plurality of first channels is out of alignment with another first channel of the plurality of first channels, wherein one second channel of the plurality of second channels is out of alignment with another second channel of the plurality of second channels, and wherein the one first channel is aligned with the one second channel. 8. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the adhesive is engaged with three sides of the first engagement portion and with three sides of the second engagement portion. 9. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the adhesive comprises a liquid adhesive. 10. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the adhesive comprises a film adhesive. 11. The aircraft component of claim 1, wherein the first panel, the second panel, and the web section each comprise a metal material. 12. The aircraft component of claim 11, wherein the metal material comprises aluminum. 13. A method of making an aircraft component, the method comprising the steps of:
obtaining a first panel having a first channel, a second panel having a second channel, and a web section having a first engagement portion and a second engagement portion; applying an adhesive to one of the first engagement portion and the first channel and to one of the second engagement portion and the second channel; positioning the first panel, the second panel, and the web section such that the first engagement portion is disposed adjacent the first channel and such that the second engagement portion is disposed adjacent the second channel; compressing the first panel, the second panel, and the web section until the first engagement portion engages the first channel and the second engagement portion engages the second channel to form the aircraft component. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the obtaining step comprises:
obtaining at least three billets of material; removing material from a first billet to produce a first subcomponent having a first desired thickness; removing material from a second billet to produce a second subcomponent having a second desired thickness; removing material from a third billet to produce a third subcomponent having a third desired thickness; defining a first channel in the first subcomponent to form the first panel; defining a second channel in the second subcomponent to form the second panel; defining a first engagement portion and a second engagement portion on the third subcomponent to form a web section. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the obtaining step comprises:
obtaining a first billet of material having a first initial thickness that is insubstantially thicker than the first desired thickness; obtaining a second billet of material having a second initial thickness that is insubstantially thicker than the second desired thickness; and obtaining a third billet of material having a third initial thickness that is insubstantially thicker than the third desired thickness. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein removing material from the first billet comprises machining the first billet, wherein removing material from the second billet comprises machining the second billet, and wherein removing material from the third billet comprises machining the third billet. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein defining the first channel comprises defining a first pair of engaging lips, wherein defining the second channel comprises defining a second pair of engaging lips, wherein defining the first engagement portion comprises defining a first barb along a first edge of the third subcomponent, and wherein defining the second engagement portion comprises defining a second barb along a second edge of the third subcomponent. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the compressing step comprises compressing the first panel, the second panel, and the web section in a press. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the aircraft component is removed from the press before the adhesive cures. 20. The method claim of claim 13, wherein the first engagement portion includes a first barb configured for snap-fit engagement with the first channel, wherein the second engagement portion includes a second barb configured for snap-fit engagement with the second channel, and wherein the compressing step comprises compressing the first panel, the second panel, and the web section until the first engagement portion and the first channel snap together and until the second engagement portion and the second channel snap together. | 1,700 |
4,344 | 16,172,488 | 1,797 | A device for controlling, detecting, and measuring a molecular complex is disclosed. The device comprises a common electrode. The device further comprises a plurality of measurement cells. Each measurement cell includes a cell electrode and an integrator electronically coupled to the cell electrode. The integrator measures the current flowing between the common electrode and the cell electrode. The device further comprises a plurality of analog-to-digital converters, wherein an integrator from the plurality of measurement cells is electrically coupled to one analog-to-digital converter of the plurality of analog-to-digital converters. | 1. A device comprising:
a plurality of measurement cells, each measurement cell including a cell electrode above which a nanopore is formed, the cell electrode configurable to apply a distinct potential that is independent from cell electrodes in other measurement cells, the plurality of measurement cells comprising a bank of M×N measurement cells; and a common electrode, the common electrode configured to apply a common potential to a liquid on one side of the nanopores formed above the cell electrodes in the plurality of measurement cells, wherein the common potential is common to all of the measurement cells; wherein the bank of measurement cells is autonomous so that an array of nanopore cells may be scaled by adding additional banks. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the bank is a complete sub-system with row and column addressing logic. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the bank includes a double buffered output. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the bank includes a read path and a write path, and wherein the read path and the write paths are separate and operate in a time multiplexed fashion. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the bank includes a plurality of analog-to-digital converters. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein each measurement cell includes an integrator electronically coupled to the cell electrode, and wherein the integrator in each measurement cell measures the current flowing between the common electrode and the cell electrode in the measurement cell. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein an integrator from the plurality of measurement cells is electrically coupled to one analog-to-digital converter of the plurality of analog-to-digital converters. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein each measurement cell further includes a liquid chamber containing the liquid, and wherein,
the common electrode supplies a common electric potential when the liquid chamber contains an electrolyte, the cell electrode supplies a variable electric potential when the liquid chamber contains the electrolyte, wherein the voltage between the common electrode and the cell electrode equals the variable electric potential minus the common electric potential, the integrator includes an integrating capacitor, the voltage across the integrating capacitor is a measure of the current flowing between the common electrode and the cell electrode during a measurement period, and the variable electric potential of the cell electrode is controlled by an applied voltage. 9. The device of claim 7, wherein the analog-to-digital converter coupled to the integrator measures a first voltage at an output of the integrator at a beginning of the measurement period and a second voltage at the output of the integrator at an end of the measurement period, and wherein a difference of the second voltage and the first voltage corresponds to a measurement of the current. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the measurement period is adjusted based at least in part on the current and how much time the current would take to cause a saturation. 11. A method of constructing a nanopore based sequencing system, comprising:
providing a plurality of measurement cells, each measurement cell including a cell electrode above which a nanopore is formed, the cell electrode configurable to apply a distinct potential that is independent from cell electrodes in other measurement cells, the plurality of measurement cells comprising a bank of M×N measurement cells; and providing a common electrode, the common electrode configured to apply a common potential to a liquid on one side of the nanopores formed above the cell electrodes in the plurality of measurement cells, wherein the common potential is common to all of the measurement cells; wherein the bank of measurement cells is autonomous so that an array of nanopore cells may be scaled by adding additional banks. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the bank is a complete sub-system with row and column addressing logic. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the bank includes a double buffered output. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the bank includes a read path and a write path, and wherein the read path and the write paths are separate and operate in a time multiplexed fashion. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the bank includes a plurality of analog-to-digital converters. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein each measurement cell includes an integrator electronically coupled to the cell electrode, and wherein the integrator in each measurement cell measures the current flowing between the common electrode and the cell electrode in the measurement cell. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein an integrator from the plurality of measurement cells is electrically coupled to one analog-to-digital converter of the plurality of analog-to-digital converters. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein each measurement cell further includes a liquid chamber containing the liquid, and wherein,
the common electrode supplies a common electric potential when the liquid chamber contains an electrolyte, the cell electrode supplies a variable electric potential when the liquid chamber contains the electrolyte, wherein the voltage between the common electrode and the cell electrode equals the variable electric potential minus the common electric potential, the integrator includes an integrating capacitor, the voltage across the integrating capacitor is a measure of the current flowing between the common electrode and the cell electrode during a measurement period, and the variable electric potential of the cell electrode is controlled by an applied voltage. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the analog-to-digital converter coupled to the integrator measures a first voltage at an output of the integrator at a beginning of the measurement period and a second voltage at the output of the integrator at an end of the measurement period, and wherein a difference of the second voltage and the first voltage corresponds to a measurement of the current. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the measurement period is adjusted based at least in part on the current and how much time the current would take to cause a saturation. | A device for controlling, detecting, and measuring a molecular complex is disclosed. The device comprises a common electrode. The device further comprises a plurality of measurement cells. Each measurement cell includes a cell electrode and an integrator electronically coupled to the cell electrode. The integrator measures the current flowing between the common electrode and the cell electrode. The device further comprises a plurality of analog-to-digital converters, wherein an integrator from the plurality of measurement cells is electrically coupled to one analog-to-digital converter of the plurality of analog-to-digital converters.1. A device comprising:
a plurality of measurement cells, each measurement cell including a cell electrode above which a nanopore is formed, the cell electrode configurable to apply a distinct potential that is independent from cell electrodes in other measurement cells, the plurality of measurement cells comprising a bank of M×N measurement cells; and a common electrode, the common electrode configured to apply a common potential to a liquid on one side of the nanopores formed above the cell electrodes in the plurality of measurement cells, wherein the common potential is common to all of the measurement cells; wherein the bank of measurement cells is autonomous so that an array of nanopore cells may be scaled by adding additional banks. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the bank is a complete sub-system with row and column addressing logic. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the bank includes a double buffered output. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the bank includes a read path and a write path, and wherein the read path and the write paths are separate and operate in a time multiplexed fashion. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the bank includes a plurality of analog-to-digital converters. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein each measurement cell includes an integrator electronically coupled to the cell electrode, and wherein the integrator in each measurement cell measures the current flowing between the common electrode and the cell electrode in the measurement cell. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein an integrator from the plurality of measurement cells is electrically coupled to one analog-to-digital converter of the plurality of analog-to-digital converters. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein each measurement cell further includes a liquid chamber containing the liquid, and wherein,
the common electrode supplies a common electric potential when the liquid chamber contains an electrolyte, the cell electrode supplies a variable electric potential when the liquid chamber contains the electrolyte, wherein the voltage between the common electrode and the cell electrode equals the variable electric potential minus the common electric potential, the integrator includes an integrating capacitor, the voltage across the integrating capacitor is a measure of the current flowing between the common electrode and the cell electrode during a measurement period, and the variable electric potential of the cell electrode is controlled by an applied voltage. 9. The device of claim 7, wherein the analog-to-digital converter coupled to the integrator measures a first voltage at an output of the integrator at a beginning of the measurement period and a second voltage at the output of the integrator at an end of the measurement period, and wherein a difference of the second voltage and the first voltage corresponds to a measurement of the current. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the measurement period is adjusted based at least in part on the current and how much time the current would take to cause a saturation. 11. A method of constructing a nanopore based sequencing system, comprising:
providing a plurality of measurement cells, each measurement cell including a cell electrode above which a nanopore is formed, the cell electrode configurable to apply a distinct potential that is independent from cell electrodes in other measurement cells, the plurality of measurement cells comprising a bank of M×N measurement cells; and providing a common electrode, the common electrode configured to apply a common potential to a liquid on one side of the nanopores formed above the cell electrodes in the plurality of measurement cells, wherein the common potential is common to all of the measurement cells; wherein the bank of measurement cells is autonomous so that an array of nanopore cells may be scaled by adding additional banks. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the bank is a complete sub-system with row and column addressing logic. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the bank includes a double buffered output. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the bank includes a read path and a write path, and wherein the read path and the write paths are separate and operate in a time multiplexed fashion. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the bank includes a plurality of analog-to-digital converters. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein each measurement cell includes an integrator electronically coupled to the cell electrode, and wherein the integrator in each measurement cell measures the current flowing between the common electrode and the cell electrode in the measurement cell. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein an integrator from the plurality of measurement cells is electrically coupled to one analog-to-digital converter of the plurality of analog-to-digital converters. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein each measurement cell further includes a liquid chamber containing the liquid, and wherein,
the common electrode supplies a common electric potential when the liquid chamber contains an electrolyte, the cell electrode supplies a variable electric potential when the liquid chamber contains the electrolyte, wherein the voltage between the common electrode and the cell electrode equals the variable electric potential minus the common electric potential, the integrator includes an integrating capacitor, the voltage across the integrating capacitor is a measure of the current flowing between the common electrode and the cell electrode during a measurement period, and the variable electric potential of the cell electrode is controlled by an applied voltage. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the analog-to-digital converter coupled to the integrator measures a first voltage at an output of the integrator at a beginning of the measurement period and a second voltage at the output of the integrator at an end of the measurement period, and wherein a difference of the second voltage and the first voltage corresponds to a measurement of the current. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the measurement period is adjusted based at least in part on the current and how much time the current would take to cause a saturation. | 1,700 |
4,345 | 14,280,031 | 1,716 | Thermal control of substrate carrier is described using a thermal fluid. In one example, a thermally controlled substrate support includes a top surface to support a substrate, the top surface being thermally coupled to substrate, a thermal fluid channel thermally coupled to the top surface to carry a thermal fluid, the thermal fluid to draw heat from and provide heat to the top surface, and a heat exchanger to supply thermal fluid to the thermal fluid channel, the heat exchanger alternately heating and cooling the thermal fluid to adjust the substrate temperature. | 1. A thermally controlled substrate support comprising:
a top surface to support a substrate, the top surface being thermally coupled to substrate; a thermal fluid channel thermally coupled to the top surface to carry a thermal fluid, the thermal fluid to draw heat from and provide heat to the top surface; and a heat exchanger to supply thermal fluid to the thermal fluid channel, the heat exchanger alternately heating and cooling the thermal fluid to adjust the substrate temperature. 2. The substrate support of claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor thermally coupled to the top surface and coupled to the heat exchanger to provide a sensed temperature to the heat exchanger and wherein the heat exchanger controls the heating and cooling of the thermal fluid based at least in part on the sensed temperature. 3. The substrate support of claim 2, wherein the temperature sensor is coupled to the heat exchanger through a controller having a processor to control the heat exchanger. 4. The substrate support of claim 2, wherein the temperature sensor is positioned in the top surface to sense a temperature of the top surface of the substrate support. 5. The substrate support of claim 1, wherein the top surface is circular to carry a circular substrate having a circular area and wherein the thermal fluid channel extends in arcs that are coextensive with the area of the substrate. 6. The substrate support of claim 5, wherein the thermal fluid channel extends in a spiral pattern from the center of the pedestal to the edge of the pedestal. 7. The substrate support of claim 1, further comprising dielectric puck including the top surface and a heater plate attached to the dielectric puck opposite the top surface and wherein the thermal fluid channels are in the heater plate. 8. The substrate support of claim 7, wherein the thermal fluid channels are open on a side of the heater plate facing the dielectric puck so that thermal fluid flowing in the thermal fluid channels is in physical contact with the dielectric puck. 9. The substrate support of claim 1, wherein the top surface comprises a plurality of bumps to support the substrate, the bumps supporting the substrate at a distance from the top surface determined by the bumps and wherein the top surface comprises concentric zones, each zone being a different distance from the substrate, wherein the top surface is farthest from the substrate in a central zone having the tallest bumps and wherein the top surface is closest to the substrate in a peripheral zone having the shortest bumps. 10. The substrate support of claim 9, wherein the central zone includes a gas outlet to provide gas into a space between the top surface and the bumps to conduct heat between the substrate and the top surface, the space being defined by the height of the bumps in the central zone. 11. The substrate support of claim 10, wherein the gas outlet has a plurality of lateral vents to release gas in a direction across the top surface. 12. The substrate support of claim 9, further comprising an intermediate zone having an intermediate distance from the substrate and bumps with an intermediate height. 13. A method comprising:
placing a substrate on a support assembly within a processing chamber; flowing a thermal fluid through a thermal fluid channel of the support assembly to heat the substrate; operating a processing chamber by applying energy to the substrate; flowing the thermal fluid through the thermal fluid channel of the support assembly to cool the substrate; stopping the processing chamber operation; and detaching the substrate from the support assembly. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein flowing the thermal fluid comprises flowing the thermal fluid through thermal fluid channels that are open on a top surface of a heater plate so that thermal fluid flowing in the thermal fluid channels is in physical contact with a dielectric puck of the support assembly, the dielectric puck including a top surface upon which the substrate is placed. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising measuring the temperature of the thermal fluid and controlling the temperature of the thermal fluid through a heat exchanger to alternately heat and cool the thermal fluid depending on the temperature measurement. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising pumping a backside gas through a gas outlet of the support assembly to provide gas into a space between the support assembly and the back side of the substrate to convect heat between the substrate and the support assembly. 17. A substrate processing system comprising:
a processing chamber to apply a process to a substrate; a thermally controlled support assembly within the chamber, the support assembly including a dielectric top surface to carry the substrate, the top surface being thermally coupled to the substrate, and the support assembly having a thermal fluid channel thermally coupled to the top surface to carry a thermal fluid, the thermal fluid to draw heat from and provide heat to the support assembly top surface; a heat exchanger to drive the thermal fluid through the thermal fluid channel and to control the temperature of the thermal fluid and thereby the temperature of the substrate. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising a temperature sensor attached to the support assembly to measure a temperature that is an indication of the temperature of the substrate, the temperature sensor being coupled to the heat exchanger for use in controlling the temperature of the thermal fluid. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the support assembly comprises a lower heater plate formed of a conductive metal and a dielectric puck including the top surface, the dielectric puck being formed of a ceramic material and attached to the lower heater plate. 20. The system of claim 17, further comprising a backside gas source to pump a backside gas to the support assembly and through a gas outlet of the support assembly into a space between the top surface and the substrate to conduct heat between the substrate and the top surface. | Thermal control of substrate carrier is described using a thermal fluid. In one example, a thermally controlled substrate support includes a top surface to support a substrate, the top surface being thermally coupled to substrate, a thermal fluid channel thermally coupled to the top surface to carry a thermal fluid, the thermal fluid to draw heat from and provide heat to the top surface, and a heat exchanger to supply thermal fluid to the thermal fluid channel, the heat exchanger alternately heating and cooling the thermal fluid to adjust the substrate temperature.1. A thermally controlled substrate support comprising:
a top surface to support a substrate, the top surface being thermally coupled to substrate; a thermal fluid channel thermally coupled to the top surface to carry a thermal fluid, the thermal fluid to draw heat from and provide heat to the top surface; and a heat exchanger to supply thermal fluid to the thermal fluid channel, the heat exchanger alternately heating and cooling the thermal fluid to adjust the substrate temperature. 2. The substrate support of claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor thermally coupled to the top surface and coupled to the heat exchanger to provide a sensed temperature to the heat exchanger and wherein the heat exchanger controls the heating and cooling of the thermal fluid based at least in part on the sensed temperature. 3. The substrate support of claim 2, wherein the temperature sensor is coupled to the heat exchanger through a controller having a processor to control the heat exchanger. 4. The substrate support of claim 2, wherein the temperature sensor is positioned in the top surface to sense a temperature of the top surface of the substrate support. 5. The substrate support of claim 1, wherein the top surface is circular to carry a circular substrate having a circular area and wherein the thermal fluid channel extends in arcs that are coextensive with the area of the substrate. 6. The substrate support of claim 5, wherein the thermal fluid channel extends in a spiral pattern from the center of the pedestal to the edge of the pedestal. 7. The substrate support of claim 1, further comprising dielectric puck including the top surface and a heater plate attached to the dielectric puck opposite the top surface and wherein the thermal fluid channels are in the heater plate. 8. The substrate support of claim 7, wherein the thermal fluid channels are open on a side of the heater plate facing the dielectric puck so that thermal fluid flowing in the thermal fluid channels is in physical contact with the dielectric puck. 9. The substrate support of claim 1, wherein the top surface comprises a plurality of bumps to support the substrate, the bumps supporting the substrate at a distance from the top surface determined by the bumps and wherein the top surface comprises concentric zones, each zone being a different distance from the substrate, wherein the top surface is farthest from the substrate in a central zone having the tallest bumps and wherein the top surface is closest to the substrate in a peripheral zone having the shortest bumps. 10. The substrate support of claim 9, wherein the central zone includes a gas outlet to provide gas into a space between the top surface and the bumps to conduct heat between the substrate and the top surface, the space being defined by the height of the bumps in the central zone. 11. The substrate support of claim 10, wherein the gas outlet has a plurality of lateral vents to release gas in a direction across the top surface. 12. The substrate support of claim 9, further comprising an intermediate zone having an intermediate distance from the substrate and bumps with an intermediate height. 13. A method comprising:
placing a substrate on a support assembly within a processing chamber; flowing a thermal fluid through a thermal fluid channel of the support assembly to heat the substrate; operating a processing chamber by applying energy to the substrate; flowing the thermal fluid through the thermal fluid channel of the support assembly to cool the substrate; stopping the processing chamber operation; and detaching the substrate from the support assembly. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein flowing the thermal fluid comprises flowing the thermal fluid through thermal fluid channels that are open on a top surface of a heater plate so that thermal fluid flowing in the thermal fluid channels is in physical contact with a dielectric puck of the support assembly, the dielectric puck including a top surface upon which the substrate is placed. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising measuring the temperature of the thermal fluid and controlling the temperature of the thermal fluid through a heat exchanger to alternately heat and cool the thermal fluid depending on the temperature measurement. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising pumping a backside gas through a gas outlet of the support assembly to provide gas into a space between the support assembly and the back side of the substrate to convect heat between the substrate and the support assembly. 17. A substrate processing system comprising:
a processing chamber to apply a process to a substrate; a thermally controlled support assembly within the chamber, the support assembly including a dielectric top surface to carry the substrate, the top surface being thermally coupled to the substrate, and the support assembly having a thermal fluid channel thermally coupled to the top surface to carry a thermal fluid, the thermal fluid to draw heat from and provide heat to the support assembly top surface; a heat exchanger to drive the thermal fluid through the thermal fluid channel and to control the temperature of the thermal fluid and thereby the temperature of the substrate. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising a temperature sensor attached to the support assembly to measure a temperature that is an indication of the temperature of the substrate, the temperature sensor being coupled to the heat exchanger for use in controlling the temperature of the thermal fluid. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the support assembly comprises a lower heater plate formed of a conductive metal and a dielectric puck including the top surface, the dielectric puck being formed of a ceramic material and attached to the lower heater plate. 20. The system of claim 17, further comprising a backside gas source to pump a backside gas to the support assembly and through a gas outlet of the support assembly into a space between the top surface and the substrate to conduct heat between the substrate and the top surface. | 1,700 |
4,346 | 15,200,532 | 1,782 | The present disclosure generally relates to methods for additive manufacturing (AM) that utilize integrated ribs to support thin walled annular structures. An annular wall fabricated using AM has a thickness less than 0.022 inches across a majority of a surface of the annular wall and a plurality of ribs having a thickness greater than 0.030 inches. The annular wall has a mean thickness less than 0.100 inches. The annular wall conforms to a surface of the component and a mean distance between the annular wall and the component is less than 0.080 inches. | 1. A method for fabricating an object, comprising:
(a) irradiating a layer of powder in a powder bed with an energy beam in a series of scan lines to form a fused region; (b) providing a subsequent layer of powder over the powder bed by passing a recoater arm over the powder bed from a first side of the powder bed to a second side of the powder bed; and (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) until the object is formed in the powder bed, wherein the object includes a first annular portion and a second annular portion, the second portion being an annular wall with a thickness less than 0.022 inches across a majority of a surface of the second portion, the second portion conforming to a shape of the first portion, wherein a mean distance between the first portion and second portion is less than 0.080 inches, wherein the second portion includes a plurality of ribs having a thickness greater than 0.030 inches and a mean thickness of the second portion is less than 0.100 inches. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mean thickness of the second portion is less than 0.030 inches. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second portion is external to the first portion. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second portion is internal to the first portion. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of ribs form an isogrid or an orthogrid. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first portion is a combustor liner. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second portion is a heat shield for the first portion. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the second portion is connected to the first portion along an edge of the annular wall. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the second portion is separated from the engine component except along the edge of the annular wall. 10. The method of claim 3, wherein the second portion includes a lateral cross-section with a diameter greater than a greatest diameter lateral cross-section of the first portion and the greatest lateral cross-section of the first portion has a diameter greater than a smallest diameter lateral cross-section of the second portion. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the greatest lateral cross-section of the first portion is located between the smallest diameter lateral cross-section of the second portion and another lateral cross-section of the second portion having a diameter less than the diameter of the greatest lateral cross-section of the first portion. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein every point of the second portion is within 0.080 inches of the surface of the first portion. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a percentage of a total surface area of the first portion that is connected to the second portion is less than 1 percent. 14. A thin walled structure, comprising:
an annular wall with a thickness less than 0.022 inches across a majority of a surface of the thin walled structure and a plurality of helical ribs having a thickness greater than 0.030 inches, wherein the annular wall has a mean thickness less than 0.100 inches, and wherein the annular wall conforms to a surface of a component and a mean distance between the annular wall and the component is less than 0.080 inches. 15. The thin walled structure of claim 1, wherein the mean thickness of the annular wall is less than 0.030 inches. 16. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein the thin walled structure is connected to the component along an edge of the annular wall. 17. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein the thin walled structure is separated from the component except along the edge of the annular wall. 18. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein the annular wall conforms to an internal surface of the component. 19. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein the annular wall conforms to an external surface of the component. 20. The thin walled structure of claim 19, wherein the annular wall includes a cross-section with a diameter greater than a greatest diameter cross-section of the component and the greatest diameter cross-section of the component is greater than a smallest diameter cross-section of the annular wall. 21. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein every point of the second portion is within 0.080 inches of the surface of the first portion. 22. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein a percentage of a total surface area of the thin walled structure that is connected to the engine component is less than 1 percent. 23. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein the plurality of ribs form an isogrid or an orthogrid. 24. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein the majority of the surface of the thin walled structure is separated from the engine component by a constant separation. | The present disclosure generally relates to methods for additive manufacturing (AM) that utilize integrated ribs to support thin walled annular structures. An annular wall fabricated using AM has a thickness less than 0.022 inches across a majority of a surface of the annular wall and a plurality of ribs having a thickness greater than 0.030 inches. The annular wall has a mean thickness less than 0.100 inches. The annular wall conforms to a surface of the component and a mean distance between the annular wall and the component is less than 0.080 inches.1. A method for fabricating an object, comprising:
(a) irradiating a layer of powder in a powder bed with an energy beam in a series of scan lines to form a fused region; (b) providing a subsequent layer of powder over the powder bed by passing a recoater arm over the powder bed from a first side of the powder bed to a second side of the powder bed; and (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) until the object is formed in the powder bed, wherein the object includes a first annular portion and a second annular portion, the second portion being an annular wall with a thickness less than 0.022 inches across a majority of a surface of the second portion, the second portion conforming to a shape of the first portion, wherein a mean distance between the first portion and second portion is less than 0.080 inches, wherein the second portion includes a plurality of ribs having a thickness greater than 0.030 inches and a mean thickness of the second portion is less than 0.100 inches. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mean thickness of the second portion is less than 0.030 inches. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second portion is external to the first portion. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second portion is internal to the first portion. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of ribs form an isogrid or an orthogrid. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first portion is a combustor liner. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second portion is a heat shield for the first portion. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the second portion is connected to the first portion along an edge of the annular wall. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the second portion is separated from the engine component except along the edge of the annular wall. 10. The method of claim 3, wherein the second portion includes a lateral cross-section with a diameter greater than a greatest diameter lateral cross-section of the first portion and the greatest lateral cross-section of the first portion has a diameter greater than a smallest diameter lateral cross-section of the second portion. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the greatest lateral cross-section of the first portion is located between the smallest diameter lateral cross-section of the second portion and another lateral cross-section of the second portion having a diameter less than the diameter of the greatest lateral cross-section of the first portion. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein every point of the second portion is within 0.080 inches of the surface of the first portion. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a percentage of a total surface area of the first portion that is connected to the second portion is less than 1 percent. 14. A thin walled structure, comprising:
an annular wall with a thickness less than 0.022 inches across a majority of a surface of the thin walled structure and a plurality of helical ribs having a thickness greater than 0.030 inches, wherein the annular wall has a mean thickness less than 0.100 inches, and wherein the annular wall conforms to a surface of a component and a mean distance between the annular wall and the component is less than 0.080 inches. 15. The thin walled structure of claim 1, wherein the mean thickness of the annular wall is less than 0.030 inches. 16. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein the thin walled structure is connected to the component along an edge of the annular wall. 17. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein the thin walled structure is separated from the component except along the edge of the annular wall. 18. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein the annular wall conforms to an internal surface of the component. 19. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein the annular wall conforms to an external surface of the component. 20. The thin walled structure of claim 19, wherein the annular wall includes a cross-section with a diameter greater than a greatest diameter cross-section of the component and the greatest diameter cross-section of the component is greater than a smallest diameter cross-section of the annular wall. 21. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein every point of the second portion is within 0.080 inches of the surface of the first portion. 22. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein a percentage of a total surface area of the thin walled structure that is connected to the engine component is less than 1 percent. 23. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein the plurality of ribs form an isogrid or an orthogrid. 24. The thin walled structure of claim 14, wherein the majority of the surface of the thin walled structure is separated from the engine component by a constant separation. | 1,700 |
4,347 | 15,376,505 | 1,778 | An apparatus and a method are provided for an application specific fuel filter that is configured to prevent particulates from entering the fuel system of a motor vehicle, the fuel filter comprising a hollow canister comprising a length and diameter; a first end comprising a fuel inlet; a second end comprising a fuel outlet; a filter element comprising a plurality of pleats; and a rolled seam. | 1. An application specific fuel filter that is configured to prevent particulates from entering the fuel system of a motor vehicle, the fuel filter comprising:
a hollow canister comprising a length and diameter; a first end comprising a fuel inlet; a second end comprising a fuel outlet; a filter element comprising a plurality of pleats; and a rolled seam. 2. The fuel filter of claim 1, where the fuel inlet comprises a threaded arrangement that is configured to fasten and receive a fuel line. 3. The fuel filter of claim 1, wherein a core pipe is disposed in the center of the canister, such that it is in fluid communication with the fuel inlet and the fuel outlet. 4. The fuel filter of claim 3, wherein the core pipe comprises a exit point at its center, so as to allow fuel to be filtered. 5. The fuel filter of claim 1, wherein the canister comprises a unitary construction, such that it sealingly engages with a bottom plate at the first end. 6. The fuel filter of claim 1, wherein the first and second ends comprise of plates that sealingly engage with the canister. 7. The fuel filter of claim 1, wherein the rolled seam is disposed at the first end. | An apparatus and a method are provided for an application specific fuel filter that is configured to prevent particulates from entering the fuel system of a motor vehicle, the fuel filter comprising a hollow canister comprising a length and diameter; a first end comprising a fuel inlet; a second end comprising a fuel outlet; a filter element comprising a plurality of pleats; and a rolled seam.1. An application specific fuel filter that is configured to prevent particulates from entering the fuel system of a motor vehicle, the fuel filter comprising:
a hollow canister comprising a length and diameter; a first end comprising a fuel inlet; a second end comprising a fuel outlet; a filter element comprising a plurality of pleats; and a rolled seam. 2. The fuel filter of claim 1, where the fuel inlet comprises a threaded arrangement that is configured to fasten and receive a fuel line. 3. The fuel filter of claim 1, wherein a core pipe is disposed in the center of the canister, such that it is in fluid communication with the fuel inlet and the fuel outlet. 4. The fuel filter of claim 3, wherein the core pipe comprises a exit point at its center, so as to allow fuel to be filtered. 5. The fuel filter of claim 1, wherein the canister comprises a unitary construction, such that it sealingly engages with a bottom plate at the first end. 6. The fuel filter of claim 1, wherein the first and second ends comprise of plates that sealingly engage with the canister. 7. The fuel filter of claim 1, wherein the rolled seam is disposed at the first end. | 1,700 |
4,348 | 13,799,490 | 1,716 | Systems and methods are described relating to semiconductor processing chambers. An exemplary chamber may include a first remote plasma system fluidly coupled with a first access of the chamber, and a second remote plasma system fluidly coupled with a second access of the chamber. The system may also include a gas distribution assembly in the chamber that may be configured to deliver both the first and second precursors into a processing region of the chamber, while maintaining the first and second precursors fluidly isolated from one another until they are delivered into the processing region of the chamber. | 1. A system for semiconductor processing, the system comprising:
a chamber configured to house a semiconductor substrate in a processing region of the chamber; a first remote plasma system fluidly coupled with a first access of the chamber and configured to deliver a first precursor into the chamber through the first access; a second remote plasma system fluidly coupled with a second access of the chamber and configured to deliver a second precursor into the chamber through the second access. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to maintain the first and second precursors fluidly isolated from one another until they are delivered to the processing region of the chamber. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first access is located near or at a top portion of the chamber and the second access is located near or at a side portion of the chamber. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a gas distribution assembly located within the chamber at a top portion of or above the processing region of the chamber and configured to deliver both the first and second precursors into the processing region of the chamber. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the gas distribution assembly comprises an upper plate and a lower plate, wherein the upper and lower plates are coupled with one another to define a volume between the plates, wherein the coupling of the plates provides first fluid channels through the upper and lower plates and second fluid channels through the lower plate and configured to provide fluid access from the volume through the lower plate, and wherein the first fluid channels are fluidly isolated from the volume between the plates and the second fluid channels. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the volume is fluidly accessible through a side of the gas distribution assembly fluidly coupled with the second access in the chamber. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the chamber is configured to provide the first precursor into the processing region of the chamber from the first remote plasma system through the first access in the chamber and through the first fluid channels in the gas distribution assembly. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the chamber is configured to provide the second precursor into the chamber from the second remote plasma system through the second access in the chamber into the volume defined between the upper and lower plates and into the processing region of the chamber through the second fluid channels in the gas distribution assembly. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the gas distribution assembly is configured to prevent the flow of the second precursor through the upper plate of the gas distribution assembly. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first remote plasma system comprises a first material and the second remote plasma system comprises a second material. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the first material is selected based on the composition of the first precursor. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the second material is selected based on the composition of the second precursor. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first material and second material are different materials. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second remote plasma systems are selected from the group consisting of radio frequency plasma units, capacitively coupled plasma units, inductively coupled plasma units, microwave plasma units, and toroidal plasma units. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second remote plasma systems are configured to operate at power levels between about 10 W to above or about 10 kW. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the first remote plasma system is configured to operate at a first power level that is selected based on the composition of the first precursor. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the second remote plasma system is configured to operate at a second power level that is selected based on the composition of the second precursor. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the system is configured to operate the first and second remote plasma units at power levels different from one another. 19. A method of operation for a semiconductor processing chamber, the method comprising:
flowing a first precursor through a first remote plasma system into a semiconductor processing chamber; and flowing a second precursor through a second remote plasma system into the semiconductor processing chamber, wherein the first and second precursors are combined in a processing region of the processing chamber. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first precursor comprises a fluorine-containing precursor, and the second precursor comprises a hydrogen-containing precursor. | Systems and methods are described relating to semiconductor processing chambers. An exemplary chamber may include a first remote plasma system fluidly coupled with a first access of the chamber, and a second remote plasma system fluidly coupled with a second access of the chamber. The system may also include a gas distribution assembly in the chamber that may be configured to deliver both the first and second precursors into a processing region of the chamber, while maintaining the first and second precursors fluidly isolated from one another until they are delivered into the processing region of the chamber.1. A system for semiconductor processing, the system comprising:
a chamber configured to house a semiconductor substrate in a processing region of the chamber; a first remote plasma system fluidly coupled with a first access of the chamber and configured to deliver a first precursor into the chamber through the first access; a second remote plasma system fluidly coupled with a second access of the chamber and configured to deliver a second precursor into the chamber through the second access. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is configured to maintain the first and second precursors fluidly isolated from one another until they are delivered to the processing region of the chamber. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first access is located near or at a top portion of the chamber and the second access is located near or at a side portion of the chamber. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a gas distribution assembly located within the chamber at a top portion of or above the processing region of the chamber and configured to deliver both the first and second precursors into the processing region of the chamber. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the gas distribution assembly comprises an upper plate and a lower plate, wherein the upper and lower plates are coupled with one another to define a volume between the plates, wherein the coupling of the plates provides first fluid channels through the upper and lower plates and second fluid channels through the lower plate and configured to provide fluid access from the volume through the lower plate, and wherein the first fluid channels are fluidly isolated from the volume between the plates and the second fluid channels. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the volume is fluidly accessible through a side of the gas distribution assembly fluidly coupled with the second access in the chamber. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the chamber is configured to provide the first precursor into the processing region of the chamber from the first remote plasma system through the first access in the chamber and through the first fluid channels in the gas distribution assembly. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the chamber is configured to provide the second precursor into the chamber from the second remote plasma system through the second access in the chamber into the volume defined between the upper and lower plates and into the processing region of the chamber through the second fluid channels in the gas distribution assembly. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the gas distribution assembly is configured to prevent the flow of the second precursor through the upper plate of the gas distribution assembly. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first remote plasma system comprises a first material and the second remote plasma system comprises a second material. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the first material is selected based on the composition of the first precursor. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the second material is selected based on the composition of the second precursor. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first material and second material are different materials. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second remote plasma systems are selected from the group consisting of radio frequency plasma units, capacitively coupled plasma units, inductively coupled plasma units, microwave plasma units, and toroidal plasma units. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second remote plasma systems are configured to operate at power levels between about 10 W to above or about 10 kW. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the first remote plasma system is configured to operate at a first power level that is selected based on the composition of the first precursor. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the second remote plasma system is configured to operate at a second power level that is selected based on the composition of the second precursor. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the system is configured to operate the first and second remote plasma units at power levels different from one another. 19. A method of operation for a semiconductor processing chamber, the method comprising:
flowing a first precursor through a first remote plasma system into a semiconductor processing chamber; and flowing a second precursor through a second remote plasma system into the semiconductor processing chamber, wherein the first and second precursors are combined in a processing region of the processing chamber. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first precursor comprises a fluorine-containing precursor, and the second precursor comprises a hydrogen-containing precursor. | 1,700 |
4,349 | 14,486,970 | 1,778 | This disclosure describes providing techniques to remove suspended solids from a process stream. This disclosure describes a method for adding a chemical, a cationic flocculant to the process stream, in which the chemical induces flocs of suspended solids. The process removes the flocs of suspended solids by using a device. This creates two streams, a liquids and dissolved solids stream and a suspended solids stream. | 1. A method comprising:
adding an effective amount of a cationic flocculant to a process stream; agitating the cationic flocculant in the process stream in a tank for a predetermined amount of time to induce flocculation of two or more particles to aggregate and to form flocs of suspended particles; removing the flocs of suspended particles from dissolved particles in the process stream with the cationic flocculant; and producing a suspended particles stream and a clarified process stream. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined amount of time compromises ranging from about 10 seconds to about 10 minutes. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the removal of the flocs of suspended particles compromises using at least one of a rotary press, a rotary drum thickener, a dynamic filtering screen, a gravity separation, or a paddle screen. 4. The method of claim 1, further compromises prior to adding the effective amount of the cationic flocculant, processing the process stream to separate large suspended solids from small suspended solids having dissolved solids in a liquid stream. 5. The method of claim 1, further compromises prior to adding the effective amount of the cationic flocculant, adjusting pH of the process stream to range from about 2 to about 10. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the cationic flocculant is Generally Regarded As Safe certified. 7. A method comprising:
adjusting pH of a process stream; adding an effective amount of a charged polymer to the process stream to cause suspended solids to aggregate, forming flocs; separating the flocs of the suspended solids from the process stream with the charged polymer; and creating a suspended solids stream and a liquid with dissolved solids stream. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein adjusting the pH of the process stream compromises the pH ranging from about 4 to about 8. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the process stream is obtained as slurry from a liquefaction tank. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the process stream is obtained after being processed by a mechanical separation device to create thin stillage. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the separating the flocs of the suspended solids from the process stream with the charged polymer compromises using at least one of a mechanical device or a gravity separation. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the charged polymer compromises at least one of a polyacrylamide and its derivatives or an acrylamide and its derivatives. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the charged polymer compromises at least one of a cationic flocculant or a cationic coagulant. 14. A method comprising:
adding an effective amount of a chemical for producing flocculation in a process stream; agitating the chemical in the process stream in a tank to induce flocculation of suspended solids; and separating the flocculation of suspended solids from the process stream with the chemical. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the agitating the chemical compromises using a predetermined amount of time ranging from about 30 seconds to about 9 minutes. 16. The method of claim 14, further compromising, creating a suspended solids stream and a liquid with dissolved solids stream. 17. The method of claim 14, further compromising adding a chemical aid to assist with the flocculation of the suspended solids. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the chemical aid compromises at least one of an aluminum ammonium sulfate or a potassium sulfate. 19. The method of claim 14, further compromises adjusting pH of a process stream prior to adding the chemical for producing flocculation. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the pH is adjusted ranging from about 3 to about 9. | This disclosure describes providing techniques to remove suspended solids from a process stream. This disclosure describes a method for adding a chemical, a cationic flocculant to the process stream, in which the chemical induces flocs of suspended solids. The process removes the flocs of suspended solids by using a device. This creates two streams, a liquids and dissolved solids stream and a suspended solids stream.1. A method comprising:
adding an effective amount of a cationic flocculant to a process stream; agitating the cationic flocculant in the process stream in a tank for a predetermined amount of time to induce flocculation of two or more particles to aggregate and to form flocs of suspended particles; removing the flocs of suspended particles from dissolved particles in the process stream with the cationic flocculant; and producing a suspended particles stream and a clarified process stream. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined amount of time compromises ranging from about 10 seconds to about 10 minutes. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the removal of the flocs of suspended particles compromises using at least one of a rotary press, a rotary drum thickener, a dynamic filtering screen, a gravity separation, or a paddle screen. 4. The method of claim 1, further compromises prior to adding the effective amount of the cationic flocculant, processing the process stream to separate large suspended solids from small suspended solids having dissolved solids in a liquid stream. 5. The method of claim 1, further compromises prior to adding the effective amount of the cationic flocculant, adjusting pH of the process stream to range from about 2 to about 10. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the cationic flocculant is Generally Regarded As Safe certified. 7. A method comprising:
adjusting pH of a process stream; adding an effective amount of a charged polymer to the process stream to cause suspended solids to aggregate, forming flocs; separating the flocs of the suspended solids from the process stream with the charged polymer; and creating a suspended solids stream and a liquid with dissolved solids stream. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein adjusting the pH of the process stream compromises the pH ranging from about 4 to about 8. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the process stream is obtained as slurry from a liquefaction tank. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the process stream is obtained after being processed by a mechanical separation device to create thin stillage. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the separating the flocs of the suspended solids from the process stream with the charged polymer compromises using at least one of a mechanical device or a gravity separation. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the charged polymer compromises at least one of a polyacrylamide and its derivatives or an acrylamide and its derivatives. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the charged polymer compromises at least one of a cationic flocculant or a cationic coagulant. 14. A method comprising:
adding an effective amount of a chemical for producing flocculation in a process stream; agitating the chemical in the process stream in a tank to induce flocculation of suspended solids; and separating the flocculation of suspended solids from the process stream with the chemical. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the agitating the chemical compromises using a predetermined amount of time ranging from about 30 seconds to about 9 minutes. 16. The method of claim 14, further compromising, creating a suspended solids stream and a liquid with dissolved solids stream. 17. The method of claim 14, further compromising adding a chemical aid to assist with the flocculation of the suspended solids. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the chemical aid compromises at least one of an aluminum ammonium sulfate or a potassium sulfate. 19. The method of claim 14, further compromises adjusting pH of a process stream prior to adding the chemical for producing flocculation. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the pH is adjusted ranging from about 3 to about 9. | 1,700 |
4,350 | 14,577,236 | 1,777 | A method is provided for calibrating a pump during a blood separation procedure that has at least a first and second state or phase where fluid is flowed to or from a reservoir by action of the pump. The state or phase of the procedure may be a priming state, a draw state, a separation state and a return state, and the pump calibration may be performed between consecutive performances of the same procedure state. The calibration is based on a variance between the volume of fluid predicted to be processed by the pump for the given state of the procedure and the actual volume processed based on the change of weight of the reservoir. Recalibration of the pump, if necessary, is accomplished before the performance of the second phase is commenced. | 1. A method for calibrating a pump during an blood separation procedure having at least a first and second state where fluid is flowed to or from a reservoir by the pump, comprising:
a) providing a predetermined value for a flow rate of fluid to or from the reservoir for the first state of the procedure; b) obtaining the weight of the reservoir at the beginning of the first state of the procedure; c) operating the pump to flow fluid to or from the reservoir to perform the first state of the procedure; d) obtaining the weight of the reservoir at the end of the first state of the procedure; e) comparing the weight of the reservoir at the beginning of the first state of the procedure to the weight of the reservoir at the end of the first state of the procedure to determine an actual flow rate of fluid to or from the reservoir; f) determining a variance between the actual flow rate and the predetermined value for the flow rate; and g) adjusting the predetermined value for the flow rate for the second state of the procedure based on the variance. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the predetermined value for the flow rate for the first state of the procedure is obtained based on a nominal pump stroke volume and an anticipated number of pump strokes to be performed by the pump. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the predetermined value for the flow rate for the second state of the procedure is adjusted if a calculated pump volume for the first state of the procedure is greater than or equal to (≧) a predetermined amount. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the predetermined amount is the calculated pump volume for the first state of the procedure is from 10 mL to 1000 mL. 5. The method of claim 3 wherein a maximum permissible pump recalibration adjustment from the first state to the second state is limited to a predetermined amount that is less than the variance between the predetermined flow rate and the actual flow rate, the predetermined amount being from 1% to 50%. 6. The method of claim 3 wherein a maximum permissible pump recalibration adjustment from the first state to the second state is limited to a predetermined amount that is less than the variance between the predetermined flow rate and the actual flow rate, the predetermined amount being from 1 mL/min to 50 mL/min. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the pump is a blood pump and the first state of the procedure is a draw state. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the pump is a blood pump and the first state of the procedure is a return state. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the pump is a cell pump and the first state is a separation state. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the pump is an AC pump and the first state of the procedure is a prime state. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the pump is an AC pump and the first state of the procedure is a draw state. 12. In a blood separation procedure comprising one or more of a priming state, a draw state, a separation state and a return state and utilizing a system comprising a fluid circuit with at least one reservoir and a pump for flowing fluid through the fluid circuit during each state, a method for calibrating the pump, comprising:
a) providing a predetermined value for a flow rate of fluid to or from the reservoir for a selected first state of the procedure; b) obtaining the weight of the reservoir at the beginning of the first state of the procedure; c) operating the pump to flow fluid to or from the reservoir to perform the first state of the procedure; d) obtaining the weight of the reservoir at the end of the first state of the procedure; e) comparing the weight of the reservoir at the beginning of the first state of the procedure to the weight of the reservoir at the end of the first state of the procedure to determine an actual flow rate of fluid to or from the reservoir; f) determining a variance between the actual flow rate and the predetermined value for the flow rate; and g) adjusting the predetermined value for the flow rate for a subsequent performance of the same state of the procedure based on the variance. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the predetermined value for the flow rate for the first state of the procedure is obtained based on a nominal pump stroke volume and an anticipated number of pump strokes to be performed by the pump. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein the predetermined value for the flow rate for the subsequent performance of the same state of the procedure is adjusted if a calculated pump volume for the first state of the procedure is greater than or equal to (≧) a predetermined amount. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the predetermined amount is from 10 mL to 1000 mL. 16. The method of claim 12 wherein a maximum permissible pump recalibration adjustment from the first state to the subsequent performance of the same state is limited to a predetermined amount that is less than the variance between the predetermined flow rate and the actual flow rate, the predetermined amount being from 1% to 50%. 17. The method of claim 12 wherein a maximum permissible pump recalibration adjustment from the first state to the subsequent performance of the same state is limited to a predetermined amount that is less than the variance between the predetermined flow rate and the actual flow rate, the predetermined amount being from 1 mL/min to 50 mL/min. 18. The method of claim 12 wherein the pump is a blood pump and the first state of the procedure is a draw state. 19. The method of claim 12 wherein the pump is a blood pump and the first state of the procedure is a return state. 20. The method of claim 12 wherein the pump is a cell pump and the first state of the procedure is a separation state. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) | A method is provided for calibrating a pump during a blood separation procedure that has at least a first and second state or phase where fluid is flowed to or from a reservoir by action of the pump. The state or phase of the procedure may be a priming state, a draw state, a separation state and a return state, and the pump calibration may be performed between consecutive performances of the same procedure state. The calibration is based on a variance between the volume of fluid predicted to be processed by the pump for the given state of the procedure and the actual volume processed based on the change of weight of the reservoir. Recalibration of the pump, if necessary, is accomplished before the performance of the second phase is commenced.1. A method for calibrating a pump during an blood separation procedure having at least a first and second state where fluid is flowed to or from a reservoir by the pump, comprising:
a) providing a predetermined value for a flow rate of fluid to or from the reservoir for the first state of the procedure; b) obtaining the weight of the reservoir at the beginning of the first state of the procedure; c) operating the pump to flow fluid to or from the reservoir to perform the first state of the procedure; d) obtaining the weight of the reservoir at the end of the first state of the procedure; e) comparing the weight of the reservoir at the beginning of the first state of the procedure to the weight of the reservoir at the end of the first state of the procedure to determine an actual flow rate of fluid to or from the reservoir; f) determining a variance between the actual flow rate and the predetermined value for the flow rate; and g) adjusting the predetermined value for the flow rate for the second state of the procedure based on the variance. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the predetermined value for the flow rate for the first state of the procedure is obtained based on a nominal pump stroke volume and an anticipated number of pump strokes to be performed by the pump. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the predetermined value for the flow rate for the second state of the procedure is adjusted if a calculated pump volume for the first state of the procedure is greater than or equal to (≧) a predetermined amount. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the predetermined amount is the calculated pump volume for the first state of the procedure is from 10 mL to 1000 mL. 5. The method of claim 3 wherein a maximum permissible pump recalibration adjustment from the first state to the second state is limited to a predetermined amount that is less than the variance between the predetermined flow rate and the actual flow rate, the predetermined amount being from 1% to 50%. 6. The method of claim 3 wherein a maximum permissible pump recalibration adjustment from the first state to the second state is limited to a predetermined amount that is less than the variance between the predetermined flow rate and the actual flow rate, the predetermined amount being from 1 mL/min to 50 mL/min. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the pump is a blood pump and the first state of the procedure is a draw state. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the pump is a blood pump and the first state of the procedure is a return state. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the pump is a cell pump and the first state is a separation state. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the pump is an AC pump and the first state of the procedure is a prime state. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the pump is an AC pump and the first state of the procedure is a draw state. 12. In a blood separation procedure comprising one or more of a priming state, a draw state, a separation state and a return state and utilizing a system comprising a fluid circuit with at least one reservoir and a pump for flowing fluid through the fluid circuit during each state, a method for calibrating the pump, comprising:
a) providing a predetermined value for a flow rate of fluid to or from the reservoir for a selected first state of the procedure; b) obtaining the weight of the reservoir at the beginning of the first state of the procedure; c) operating the pump to flow fluid to or from the reservoir to perform the first state of the procedure; d) obtaining the weight of the reservoir at the end of the first state of the procedure; e) comparing the weight of the reservoir at the beginning of the first state of the procedure to the weight of the reservoir at the end of the first state of the procedure to determine an actual flow rate of fluid to or from the reservoir; f) determining a variance between the actual flow rate and the predetermined value for the flow rate; and g) adjusting the predetermined value for the flow rate for a subsequent performance of the same state of the procedure based on the variance. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the predetermined value for the flow rate for the first state of the procedure is obtained based on a nominal pump stroke volume and an anticipated number of pump strokes to be performed by the pump. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein the predetermined value for the flow rate for the subsequent performance of the same state of the procedure is adjusted if a calculated pump volume for the first state of the procedure is greater than or equal to (≧) a predetermined amount. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the predetermined amount is from 10 mL to 1000 mL. 16. The method of claim 12 wherein a maximum permissible pump recalibration adjustment from the first state to the subsequent performance of the same state is limited to a predetermined amount that is less than the variance between the predetermined flow rate and the actual flow rate, the predetermined amount being from 1% to 50%. 17. The method of claim 12 wherein a maximum permissible pump recalibration adjustment from the first state to the subsequent performance of the same state is limited to a predetermined amount that is less than the variance between the predetermined flow rate and the actual flow rate, the predetermined amount being from 1 mL/min to 50 mL/min. 18. The method of claim 12 wherein the pump is a blood pump and the first state of the procedure is a draw state. 19. The method of claim 12 wherein the pump is a blood pump and the first state of the procedure is a return state. 20. The method of claim 12 wherein the pump is a cell pump and the first state of the procedure is a separation state. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) | 1,700 |
4,351 | 15,128,735 | 1,713 | The present invention provides a method for preparing an implant including preparing a mixed etching composition including hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound and oxidatively etching an implant made of titanium or a titanium alloy by immersing the same in the etching composition; a titanium or titanium alloy implant prepared by oxidative etching with a mixed etching composition including hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound; and a composition for treating surface of an implant containing hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound. Further, the present invention relates to a titanium or titanium alloy implant which is prepared by oxidative etching with a mixed etching composition including hydrogen peroxide and a basic solution and on which surface bumps having continuous or discontinuous line-shaped open channel structures in nanoscale are irregularly formed, and a preparation method thereof. The surface of the titanium alloys treated with the mixed etching composition including hydrogen peroxide and a carbonate compound or the etching composition containing hydrogen peroxide and a basic solution of the present invention includes micrometer-sized bumps and channel-shaped nanometer-sized bumps, and thus has an increased surface area, and can not only improve wettability, but also effectively promote cell proliferation and osteocyte differentiation. In addition, the composition includes no chemical compounds such as a strong acid, etc. and is thus environmentally friendly, and such compounds can be prevented from remaining on the surface, which can improve biocompatibility, and therefore, the composition can be useful for implant surface treatment. | 1. A method for preparing an implant comprising: preparing a mixed etching composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound; and oxidatively etching an implant made of titanium or a titanium alloy by immersing the same in the etching composition. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen peroxide is selected from the group consisting of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, solid hydrogen peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide (CO(NH2)2.H2O2), sodium percarbonate (2Na2CO3.3H2O2), and a mixture thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the water-soluble carbonate compound is a bicarbonate compound, a carbonate compound, or a mixture thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixed etching composition has a pH range of 2 to 8. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the titanium alloy further comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium, tin, molybdenum, silicon, gold, palladium, copper, platinum, and silver. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidative etching is performed at 0° C. to 30° C. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises treating by a machining method, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, vacuum plasma treatment, high temperature plasma treatment, metal beads sintering method, particle blasting method, acid treatment, alkali treatment, anodic oxidation method, ion implantation method, or a combination thereof. 8. A titanium or titanium alloy implant which is prepared by oxidative etching with the mixed etching composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound. 9. The implant of claim 8, wherein the surface of the implant has micrometer-sized irregular bumps and channel-shaped nanometer-sized bumps. 10. (canceled) 11. The implant of claim 8, wherein the implant is in the form of a screw, block, plate, film, filament, membrane, mesh, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, knit, granule, particle, bolt, nut, nail, or a combination thereof. 12. The implant of claim 8, wherein the implant is used as artificial tooth roots, artificial implant fixtures, artificial joints, or artificial bones. 13. A composition for treating a surface of an implant comprising hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound. 14. The composition for treating a surface of an implant of claim 13, wherein the hydrogen peroxide is included in an amount of 1 wt % to 98 wt % relative to the total weight of the composition. 15. The composition for treating a surface of an implant of claim 13, wherein the carbonate compound is included in an amount of 0.01 wt % to 90 wt % relative to the total weight of the composition. 16. -20. (canceled) 21. A titanium or titanium alloy implant prepared by oxidative etching with the mixed etching composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound according to the method of claim 1. 22. The titanium or titanium alloy implant of claim 21, wherein the hydrogen peroxide is selected from the group consisting of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, solid hydrogen peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide (CO(NH2)2.H2O2), sodium percarbonate (2Na2CO3.3H2O2), and a mixture thereof. 23. The titanium or titanium alloy implant of claim 21, wherein the water-soluble carbonate compound is a bicarbonate compound, a carbonate compound, or a mixture thereof. 24. The titanium or titanium alloy implant of claim 21, wherein the mixed etching composition has a pH range of 2 to 8. 25. The titanium or titanium alloy implant of claim 21, wherein the titanium alloy further comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium, tin, molybdenum, silicon, gold, palladium, copper, platinum, and silver. 26. The titanium or titanium alloy implant of claim 21, wherein the oxidative etching is performed at 0° C. to 30° C. | The present invention provides a method for preparing an implant including preparing a mixed etching composition including hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound and oxidatively etching an implant made of titanium or a titanium alloy by immersing the same in the etching composition; a titanium or titanium alloy implant prepared by oxidative etching with a mixed etching composition including hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound; and a composition for treating surface of an implant containing hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound. Further, the present invention relates to a titanium or titanium alloy implant which is prepared by oxidative etching with a mixed etching composition including hydrogen peroxide and a basic solution and on which surface bumps having continuous or discontinuous line-shaped open channel structures in nanoscale are irregularly formed, and a preparation method thereof. The surface of the titanium alloys treated with the mixed etching composition including hydrogen peroxide and a carbonate compound or the etching composition containing hydrogen peroxide and a basic solution of the present invention includes micrometer-sized bumps and channel-shaped nanometer-sized bumps, and thus has an increased surface area, and can not only improve wettability, but also effectively promote cell proliferation and osteocyte differentiation. In addition, the composition includes no chemical compounds such as a strong acid, etc. and is thus environmentally friendly, and such compounds can be prevented from remaining on the surface, which can improve biocompatibility, and therefore, the composition can be useful for implant surface treatment.1. A method for preparing an implant comprising: preparing a mixed etching composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound; and oxidatively etching an implant made of titanium or a titanium alloy by immersing the same in the etching composition. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen peroxide is selected from the group consisting of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, solid hydrogen peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide (CO(NH2)2.H2O2), sodium percarbonate (2Na2CO3.3H2O2), and a mixture thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the water-soluble carbonate compound is a bicarbonate compound, a carbonate compound, or a mixture thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixed etching composition has a pH range of 2 to 8. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the titanium alloy further comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium, tin, molybdenum, silicon, gold, palladium, copper, platinum, and silver. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidative etching is performed at 0° C. to 30° C. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises treating by a machining method, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, vacuum plasma treatment, high temperature plasma treatment, metal beads sintering method, particle blasting method, acid treatment, alkali treatment, anodic oxidation method, ion implantation method, or a combination thereof. 8. A titanium or titanium alloy implant which is prepared by oxidative etching with the mixed etching composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound. 9. The implant of claim 8, wherein the surface of the implant has micrometer-sized irregular bumps and channel-shaped nanometer-sized bumps. 10. (canceled) 11. The implant of claim 8, wherein the implant is in the form of a screw, block, plate, film, filament, membrane, mesh, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, knit, granule, particle, bolt, nut, nail, or a combination thereof. 12. The implant of claim 8, wherein the implant is used as artificial tooth roots, artificial implant fixtures, artificial joints, or artificial bones. 13. A composition for treating a surface of an implant comprising hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound. 14. The composition for treating a surface of an implant of claim 13, wherein the hydrogen peroxide is included in an amount of 1 wt % to 98 wt % relative to the total weight of the composition. 15. The composition for treating a surface of an implant of claim 13, wherein the carbonate compound is included in an amount of 0.01 wt % to 90 wt % relative to the total weight of the composition. 16. -20. (canceled) 21. A titanium or titanium alloy implant prepared by oxidative etching with the mixed etching composition comprising hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble carbonate compound according to the method of claim 1. 22. The titanium or titanium alloy implant of claim 21, wherein the hydrogen peroxide is selected from the group consisting of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, solid hydrogen peroxide, urea hydrogen peroxide (CO(NH2)2.H2O2), sodium percarbonate (2Na2CO3.3H2O2), and a mixture thereof. 23. The titanium or titanium alloy implant of claim 21, wherein the water-soluble carbonate compound is a bicarbonate compound, a carbonate compound, or a mixture thereof. 24. The titanium or titanium alloy implant of claim 21, wherein the mixed etching composition has a pH range of 2 to 8. 25. The titanium or titanium alloy implant of claim 21, wherein the titanium alloy further comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, zirconium, tin, molybdenum, silicon, gold, palladium, copper, platinum, and silver. 26. The titanium or titanium alloy implant of claim 21, wherein the oxidative etching is performed at 0° C. to 30° C. | 1,700 |
4,352 | 15,868,225 | 1,794 | The present invention relates to disposable test sensors having improved sample application and measuring properties and their uses for detection, preferably, quantitative measurement, of analyte in a liquid sample like blood. In particular, the invention provides for an electrochemical biosensor which has a thin-layer fluid chamber having funnel-like shape with a novel extra wide opening as sampling entrance and a vent opening at the tip of the chamber for air escape. The thin-layer fluid chamber provides a reservoir from which a sample fluid can be drawn into it through capillary action. The extra wide sampling entrance provided by the present invention can draw blood into the chamber through any part of the opening, thus it allows easy targeting the samples with small volume, picking up smeared samples and it is more tolerant to users who jam the tip of the sensor into users' finger. | 1. An electrochemical test sensor comprising:
a base layer having a sampling end and an electric contact end; a middle layer formed of an electrically insulating material having a width approximately equal to a width of the base layer, and having a sampling end and an electric contact end, the middle layer forming a cutout region; an upper layer having a sampling end and an electric contact end; and a fluid chamber formed by the middle layer defining the cutout region, wherein the cutout region extends from the sampling end towards the electric contact end away from the sampling end; wherein the sampling end of the middle layer is slightly recessed from a front edge of the upper layer sampling end and a front edge of the base layer sampling end, wherein the upper layer, middle layer, and base layer define two side openings in communication with the fluid chamber, a first side opening being on a first side of the sensor at the sampling end, a second side opening being on a second opposite side of the sensor at the sampling end, the two side openings being defined by the middle layer sampling end being slightly recessed from the front edge of the upper layer and base layer sampling ends; the fluid chamber having a continuous sampling entrance defined by an open front opposite to the recessed edge of the middle layer and the two side openings; wherein a combined length of the open front and the two side openings of the fluid chamber is less than a perimeter length of the middle layer cutout region. 2. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the cutout region is formed with a curving inward shape, forming a concave face. 3. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 2 wherein the curving inward shape is an arc. 4. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the upper layer defines a vent opening through its thickness, the vent positioned over a portion of the fluid chamber, the vent allowing gas to escape from the fluid chamber. 5. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the middle layer is formed of a two-sided adhesive tape. 6. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the upper layer further comprises a hydrophilic material on a surface facing the fluid chamber. 7. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the base layer further comprises electrodes, and a chemistry within the electrodes configured to cause an electrochemical signal once exposed to the fluid within the fluid chamber. 8. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the two side openings are configured to allow a fluid to enter the fluid chamber through one of the two side openings when the first or second side is parallel to a surface that the fluid is on. 9. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the cutout region is funnel shaped, having inwardly tapering sides. 10. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the middle layer is attached to the base layer. 11. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the upper layer is attached to the middle layer. 12. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 comprising the three layers, having the base layer directly attached to the middle layer, and the middle layer directly attached to the upper layer. 13. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the cutout region is defined by at least a portion of a front edge of the middle layer being recessed from the middle layer sampling end along the width of the middle layer. 14. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the fluid chamber is defined on a top by the upper layer, and on a bottom by the base layer. 15. An electrochemical test sensor comprising:
an electric contact end having electric contacts; a sampling end opposite to the electric contact end comprising electrodes and a fluid chamber in communication with the electrodes; a continuous sampling entrance to the fluid chamber comprising an open front at the sampling end, and two side openings at opposite front sides of the electrochemical test sensor at the sampling end, wherein a combined length of the open front and the two side openings is less than a perimeter length of the middle layer cutout region. 16. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 15 wherein the fluid chamber extends away from the sampling end toward the electric contact end. 17. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the fluid chamber is funnel shaped, having inwardly tapering sides. 18. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 15 further comprising a vent opening, the vent positioned over a portion of the fluid chamber, the vent allowing gas to escape from the fluid chamber. 19. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 15 wherein the test sensor is formed of a base layer, a middle layer, and a top layer. 20. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 19 wherein the fluid chamber is formed by a cutout region of the middle layer, and wherein the two side openings are formed by a front end of the middle layer being recessed from a front end of the base layer and a front end of the top layer. | The present invention relates to disposable test sensors having improved sample application and measuring properties and their uses for detection, preferably, quantitative measurement, of analyte in a liquid sample like blood. In particular, the invention provides for an electrochemical biosensor which has a thin-layer fluid chamber having funnel-like shape with a novel extra wide opening as sampling entrance and a vent opening at the tip of the chamber for air escape. The thin-layer fluid chamber provides a reservoir from which a sample fluid can be drawn into it through capillary action. The extra wide sampling entrance provided by the present invention can draw blood into the chamber through any part of the opening, thus it allows easy targeting the samples with small volume, picking up smeared samples and it is more tolerant to users who jam the tip of the sensor into users' finger.1. An electrochemical test sensor comprising:
a base layer having a sampling end and an electric contact end; a middle layer formed of an electrically insulating material having a width approximately equal to a width of the base layer, and having a sampling end and an electric contact end, the middle layer forming a cutout region; an upper layer having a sampling end and an electric contact end; and a fluid chamber formed by the middle layer defining the cutout region, wherein the cutout region extends from the sampling end towards the electric contact end away from the sampling end; wherein the sampling end of the middle layer is slightly recessed from a front edge of the upper layer sampling end and a front edge of the base layer sampling end, wherein the upper layer, middle layer, and base layer define two side openings in communication with the fluid chamber, a first side opening being on a first side of the sensor at the sampling end, a second side opening being on a second opposite side of the sensor at the sampling end, the two side openings being defined by the middle layer sampling end being slightly recessed from the front edge of the upper layer and base layer sampling ends; the fluid chamber having a continuous sampling entrance defined by an open front opposite to the recessed edge of the middle layer and the two side openings; wherein a combined length of the open front and the two side openings of the fluid chamber is less than a perimeter length of the middle layer cutout region. 2. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the cutout region is formed with a curving inward shape, forming a concave face. 3. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 2 wherein the curving inward shape is an arc. 4. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the upper layer defines a vent opening through its thickness, the vent positioned over a portion of the fluid chamber, the vent allowing gas to escape from the fluid chamber. 5. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the middle layer is formed of a two-sided adhesive tape. 6. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the upper layer further comprises a hydrophilic material on a surface facing the fluid chamber. 7. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the base layer further comprises electrodes, and a chemistry within the electrodes configured to cause an electrochemical signal once exposed to the fluid within the fluid chamber. 8. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the two side openings are configured to allow a fluid to enter the fluid chamber through one of the two side openings when the first or second side is parallel to a surface that the fluid is on. 9. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the cutout region is funnel shaped, having inwardly tapering sides. 10. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the middle layer is attached to the base layer. 11. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the upper layer is attached to the middle layer. 12. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 comprising the three layers, having the base layer directly attached to the middle layer, and the middle layer directly attached to the upper layer. 13. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the cutout region is defined by at least a portion of a front edge of the middle layer being recessed from the middle layer sampling end along the width of the middle layer. 14. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the fluid chamber is defined on a top by the upper layer, and on a bottom by the base layer. 15. An electrochemical test sensor comprising:
an electric contact end having electric contacts; a sampling end opposite to the electric contact end comprising electrodes and a fluid chamber in communication with the electrodes; a continuous sampling entrance to the fluid chamber comprising an open front at the sampling end, and two side openings at opposite front sides of the electrochemical test sensor at the sampling end, wherein a combined length of the open front and the two side openings is less than a perimeter length of the middle layer cutout region. 16. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 15 wherein the fluid chamber extends away from the sampling end toward the electric contact end. 17. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 1 wherein the fluid chamber is funnel shaped, having inwardly tapering sides. 18. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 15 further comprising a vent opening, the vent positioned over a portion of the fluid chamber, the vent allowing gas to escape from the fluid chamber. 19. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 15 wherein the test sensor is formed of a base layer, a middle layer, and a top layer. 20. The electrochemical test sensor of claim 19 wherein the fluid chamber is formed by a cutout region of the middle layer, and wherein the two side openings are formed by a front end of the middle layer being recessed from a front end of the base layer and a front end of the top layer. | 1,700 |
4,353 | 15,691,157 | 1,794 | A system for the generation and delivery of a pulsed, high voltage signal for a process chamber includes a remotely disposed high voltage supply to generate a high voltage signal, a pulser disposed relatively closer to the process chamber than the high voltage supply, a first shielded cable to deliver the high voltage signal from the remotely disposed high voltage supply to the pulser to be pulsed, and a second shielded cable to deliver a pulsed, high voltage signal from the pulser to the process chamber. A method for generating and delivering a pulsed, high voltage signal to a process chamber includes generating a high voltage signal at a location remote from the process chamber, delivering the high voltage signal to a location relatively closer to the process chamber be pulsed, pulsing the delivered, high voltage signal, and delivering the pulsed, high voltage signal to the process chamber. | 1. A system for generation and delivery of a pulsed, high voltage signal for a process chamber, comprising:
a remotely disposed high voltage supply to generate a high voltage signal; a pulser disposed relatively closer to the process chamber than the high voltage supply; a first shielded cable to deliver the high voltage signal from the remotely disposed high voltage supply to the pulser to be pulsed; and a second shielded cable to deliver a pulsed, high voltage signal from the pulser to the process chamber. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the process chamber is located in a clean room and the high voltage supply is located in a subfab facility. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the subfab facility comprises a room below the clean room. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the pulser is located on a top surface of the process chamber. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the pulsed, high voltage signal from the pulser is delivered to the process chamber via a cable internal to the process chamber. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the second shielded cable comprises a low inductance shielded cable. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the pulsed, high voltage signal is delivered to a target of the process chamber. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first shielded cable or the second shielded cable comprise a standard DC cable. 9. A method for generating and delivering a pulsed, high voltage signal to a process chamber, comprising:
generating a high voltage signal at a location remote from the process chamber; delivering the high voltage signal to a location relatively closer to the process chamber to be pulsed; pulsing the delivered, high voltage signal; and delivering the pulsed, high voltage signal to the process chamber. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the high voltage signal is generated by a high voltage supply located in a subfab facility. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the subfab facility comprises a separate room from a clean room in which the process chamber is located. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the high voltage signal is pulsed by a pulser located between a location of the high voltage supply and a location of the process chamber. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the high voltage signal is delivered for pulsing using a shielded cable. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the pulsed, high voltage signal is delivered to the process chamber using a shielded cable. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the shielded cable comprises a low inductance, shielded cable. | A system for the generation and delivery of a pulsed, high voltage signal for a process chamber includes a remotely disposed high voltage supply to generate a high voltage signal, a pulser disposed relatively closer to the process chamber than the high voltage supply, a first shielded cable to deliver the high voltage signal from the remotely disposed high voltage supply to the pulser to be pulsed, and a second shielded cable to deliver a pulsed, high voltage signal from the pulser to the process chamber. A method for generating and delivering a pulsed, high voltage signal to a process chamber includes generating a high voltage signal at a location remote from the process chamber, delivering the high voltage signal to a location relatively closer to the process chamber be pulsed, pulsing the delivered, high voltage signal, and delivering the pulsed, high voltage signal to the process chamber.1. A system for generation and delivery of a pulsed, high voltage signal for a process chamber, comprising:
a remotely disposed high voltage supply to generate a high voltage signal; a pulser disposed relatively closer to the process chamber than the high voltage supply; a first shielded cable to deliver the high voltage signal from the remotely disposed high voltage supply to the pulser to be pulsed; and a second shielded cable to deliver a pulsed, high voltage signal from the pulser to the process chamber. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the process chamber is located in a clean room and the high voltage supply is located in a subfab facility. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the subfab facility comprises a room below the clean room. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the pulser is located on a top surface of the process chamber. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the pulsed, high voltage signal from the pulser is delivered to the process chamber via a cable internal to the process chamber. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the second shielded cable comprises a low inductance shielded cable. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the pulsed, high voltage signal is delivered to a target of the process chamber. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first shielded cable or the second shielded cable comprise a standard DC cable. 9. A method for generating and delivering a pulsed, high voltage signal to a process chamber, comprising:
generating a high voltage signal at a location remote from the process chamber; delivering the high voltage signal to a location relatively closer to the process chamber to be pulsed; pulsing the delivered, high voltage signal; and delivering the pulsed, high voltage signal to the process chamber. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the high voltage signal is generated by a high voltage supply located in a subfab facility. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the subfab facility comprises a separate room from a clean room in which the process chamber is located. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the high voltage signal is pulsed by a pulser located between a location of the high voltage supply and a location of the process chamber. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the high voltage signal is delivered for pulsing using a shielded cable. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the pulsed, high voltage signal is delivered to the process chamber using a shielded cable. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the shielded cable comprises a low inductance, shielded cable. | 1,700 |
4,354 | 15,459,596 | 1,783 | A method and apparatus for forming a composite filler is presented. The method comprises cutting a number of layers from a composite material. The method also aligns the number of layers to form a composite filler having a cross-sectional shape. Each of the number of layers has fibers in plane with the cross-sectional shape. | 1. A composite filler comprising:
a cross-sectional shape; and a number of layers of composite material, each of the number of layers of the composite material having fibers in plane with the cross-sectional shape. 2. The composite filler of claim 1 further comprising:
a sleeve surrounding the number of layers of the composite material. 3. The composite filler of claim 2, wherein the sleeve comprises a scrim. 4. The composite filler of claim 1, wherein each layer of the composite material has the cross-sectional shape. 5. The composite filler of claim 4, wherein the cross-sectional shape is a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape. 6. The composite filler of claim 1, wherein the composite filler has a coefficient of thermal expansion orthogonal to each side of the cross-sectional shape that is substantially zero. 7. The composite filler of claim 1, wherein the fibers of the number of layers of the composite material are orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the composite filler. 8. The composite filler of claim 7, wherein the composite filler has a coefficient of thermal expansion of substantially zero orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. 9. A composite filler having a cross sectional shape, the composite filler comprising:
a number of layers cut from a fabric with a hollow punch; wherein the number of layers are infused with resin to form a composite material. 10. The composite filler of claim 9, wherein the number of layers of the composite material are aligned to have the cross sectional shape so that each of the number of layers has fibers in a plane with the cross sectional shape. 11. The composite filler of claim 10, wherein the cross sectional shape is the same as a hollow punch cross sectional shape. 12. The composite filler of claim 9, further comprising:
a sleeve material surrounding the number of layers of the composite material. 13. The composite filler of claim 9, further comprising:
a gap between a number of composite members, the gap configured to receive the composite filler. 14. The composite filler of claim 9, wherein the composite filler has a longitudinal axis and fibers of the composite filler extend in an orthogonal direction to a longitudinal axis. 15. The composite filler of claim 14, wherein the composite filler has a coefficient of thermal expansion of substantially zero orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. 16. The composite filler of claim 9, wherein the composite filler is formed by removal from the hollow punch when additional layers of composite material cause the number of layers of composite material to travel through the hollow punch. 17. The composite filler of claim 16, wherein at least one of the number of layers is retained within the hollow punch as subsequent ones of the number of layers of fabric are cut with the hollow punch. 18. A composite filler comprising:
a cross-sectional shape; and a number of layers of composite material, each of the number of layers of the composite material having fibers in a plane with the cross-sectional shape; a sleeve surrounding the number of layers of the composite material; wherein the sleeve comprises a scrim; and wherein the fibers of the number of layers of the composite material are orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the composite filler. 19. The composite filler of claim 18, wherein each layer of the composite material has the cross-sectional shape and the cross-sectional shape is a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape. 20. The composite filler of claim 19, wherein the composite filler has a coefficient of thermal expansion orthogonal to each side of the cross-sectional shape that is substantially zero. | A method and apparatus for forming a composite filler is presented. The method comprises cutting a number of layers from a composite material. The method also aligns the number of layers to form a composite filler having a cross-sectional shape. Each of the number of layers has fibers in plane with the cross-sectional shape.1. A composite filler comprising:
a cross-sectional shape; and a number of layers of composite material, each of the number of layers of the composite material having fibers in plane with the cross-sectional shape. 2. The composite filler of claim 1 further comprising:
a sleeve surrounding the number of layers of the composite material. 3. The composite filler of claim 2, wherein the sleeve comprises a scrim. 4. The composite filler of claim 1, wherein each layer of the composite material has the cross-sectional shape. 5. The composite filler of claim 4, wherein the cross-sectional shape is a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape. 6. The composite filler of claim 1, wherein the composite filler has a coefficient of thermal expansion orthogonal to each side of the cross-sectional shape that is substantially zero. 7. The composite filler of claim 1, wherein the fibers of the number of layers of the composite material are orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the composite filler. 8. The composite filler of claim 7, wherein the composite filler has a coefficient of thermal expansion of substantially zero orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. 9. A composite filler having a cross sectional shape, the composite filler comprising:
a number of layers cut from a fabric with a hollow punch; wherein the number of layers are infused with resin to form a composite material. 10. The composite filler of claim 9, wherein the number of layers of the composite material are aligned to have the cross sectional shape so that each of the number of layers has fibers in a plane with the cross sectional shape. 11. The composite filler of claim 10, wherein the cross sectional shape is the same as a hollow punch cross sectional shape. 12. The composite filler of claim 9, further comprising:
a sleeve material surrounding the number of layers of the composite material. 13. The composite filler of claim 9, further comprising:
a gap between a number of composite members, the gap configured to receive the composite filler. 14. The composite filler of claim 9, wherein the composite filler has a longitudinal axis and fibers of the composite filler extend in an orthogonal direction to a longitudinal axis. 15. The composite filler of claim 14, wherein the composite filler has a coefficient of thermal expansion of substantially zero orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. 16. The composite filler of claim 9, wherein the composite filler is formed by removal from the hollow punch when additional layers of composite material cause the number of layers of composite material to travel through the hollow punch. 17. The composite filler of claim 16, wherein at least one of the number of layers is retained within the hollow punch as subsequent ones of the number of layers of fabric are cut with the hollow punch. 18. A composite filler comprising:
a cross-sectional shape; and a number of layers of composite material, each of the number of layers of the composite material having fibers in a plane with the cross-sectional shape; a sleeve surrounding the number of layers of the composite material; wherein the sleeve comprises a scrim; and wherein the fibers of the number of layers of the composite material are orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the composite filler. 19. The composite filler of claim 18, wherein each layer of the composite material has the cross-sectional shape and the cross-sectional shape is a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape. 20. The composite filler of claim 19, wherein the composite filler has a coefficient of thermal expansion orthogonal to each side of the cross-sectional shape that is substantially zero. | 1,700 |
4,355 | 13,780,382 | 1,783 | A composite laminated plate comprising a first plurality of plies of reinforcing fibers for lengthwise strength with respect to a dominant load direction, and a second plurality of reinforcing fibers oriented at angles ±β with respect to the dominant load direction, where β is between 15 and 35 degrees. | 1. A composite laminated plate comprising a first plurality of plies of reinforcing fibers for lengthwise strength with respect to a dominant load direction, and a second plurality of reinforcing fibers oriented at angles ±β with respect to the dominant load direction, where β is between 15 and 35 degrees. 2. The plate of claim 1, wherein β is about 25 degrees. 3. The plate of claim 1, wherein the angles of the β-fibers are blurred. 4. The plate of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of plies of reinforcing fibers are oriented at angles ±α with respect to the dominant load direction, where α is between 2 and 12 degrees. 5. The plate of claim 4, wherein the angles of the α-fibers are blurred. 6. The plate of claim 1, further comprising a third plurality of plies of reinforcing fibers oriented at an angle γ with respect to the dominant load direction, where γ is between 87 and 92 degrees. 7. The plate of claim 1, further comprising a matrix, wherein the fibers are embedded in the matrix. 8. The plate of claim 7, wherein the matrix is a plastic matrix, and wherein the fibers include carbon fibers embedded in the plastic matrix. 9. The plate of claim 1, wherein a greater percentage of fibers is used in the first plurality than the second plurality. 10. A structure having a dominant load direction, the structure comprising a laminated composite plate including a plurality of plies of α-fibers oriented at angles +α and −α with respect to an x-axis; and a plurality of plies of β-fibers oriented at angles +β and −β with respect to the x-axis, where β is between 15 and 35 degrees, and where α is 0 degrees or between 2 and 12 degrees. 11. The structure of claim 10, further comprising a box beam stiffening substructure subject to bending that creates lengthwise forces along the x-axis; wherein the plate is attached to the stiffening substructure. 12. The structure of claim 10, further comprising a beam including a web and flange; wherein the plate is attached to the flange as a cap. 13. A box beam comprising a stiffening substructure; a first laminated plate covering one side of the substructure; and a second laminated plate covering an opposite side of the substructure, each plate including a first plurality of reinforcing fibers oriented at an angle between 15 and 35 degrees with respect to a longitudinal axis of the substructure. 14. The box beam of claim 13, wherein each plate further includes a second plurality of reinforcing fibers oriented at an angle between 2 and 12 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis of the substructure. 15. The box beam of claim 14, wherein a greater percentage of fibers is used in the second plurality than the first plurality. 16. A method of forming a plate having an x-axis, the method comprising forming a ply stack including a first plurality of reinforcing fibers oriented at an angle ±α with respect to the x-axis, and a second plurality of reinforcing fibers oriented at an angle ±β with respect to the x-axis, where β is between 15 and 35 degrees, and α is 0 degrees or between 2 and 12 degrees. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising laying up a third plurality of fibers at an angle of γ with respect to the x-axis, where γ is between 87 and 92 degrees. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising laying up integral stiffeners on the ply stack. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising embedding the fibers in a resin, and curing the ply stack. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising cutting fibers in the cured ply stack. | A composite laminated plate comprising a first plurality of plies of reinforcing fibers for lengthwise strength with respect to a dominant load direction, and a second plurality of reinforcing fibers oriented at angles ±β with respect to the dominant load direction, where β is between 15 and 35 degrees.1. A composite laminated plate comprising a first plurality of plies of reinforcing fibers for lengthwise strength with respect to a dominant load direction, and a second plurality of reinforcing fibers oriented at angles ±β with respect to the dominant load direction, where β is between 15 and 35 degrees. 2. The plate of claim 1, wherein β is about 25 degrees. 3. The plate of claim 1, wherein the angles of the β-fibers are blurred. 4. The plate of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of plies of reinforcing fibers are oriented at angles ±α with respect to the dominant load direction, where α is between 2 and 12 degrees. 5. The plate of claim 4, wherein the angles of the α-fibers are blurred. 6. The plate of claim 1, further comprising a third plurality of plies of reinforcing fibers oriented at an angle γ with respect to the dominant load direction, where γ is between 87 and 92 degrees. 7. The plate of claim 1, further comprising a matrix, wherein the fibers are embedded in the matrix. 8. The plate of claim 7, wherein the matrix is a plastic matrix, and wherein the fibers include carbon fibers embedded in the plastic matrix. 9. The plate of claim 1, wherein a greater percentage of fibers is used in the first plurality than the second plurality. 10. A structure having a dominant load direction, the structure comprising a laminated composite plate including a plurality of plies of α-fibers oriented at angles +α and −α with respect to an x-axis; and a plurality of plies of β-fibers oriented at angles +β and −β with respect to the x-axis, where β is between 15 and 35 degrees, and where α is 0 degrees or between 2 and 12 degrees. 11. The structure of claim 10, further comprising a box beam stiffening substructure subject to bending that creates lengthwise forces along the x-axis; wherein the plate is attached to the stiffening substructure. 12. The structure of claim 10, further comprising a beam including a web and flange; wherein the plate is attached to the flange as a cap. 13. A box beam comprising a stiffening substructure; a first laminated plate covering one side of the substructure; and a second laminated plate covering an opposite side of the substructure, each plate including a first plurality of reinforcing fibers oriented at an angle between 15 and 35 degrees with respect to a longitudinal axis of the substructure. 14. The box beam of claim 13, wherein each plate further includes a second plurality of reinforcing fibers oriented at an angle between 2 and 12 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis of the substructure. 15. The box beam of claim 14, wherein a greater percentage of fibers is used in the second plurality than the first plurality. 16. A method of forming a plate having an x-axis, the method comprising forming a ply stack including a first plurality of reinforcing fibers oriented at an angle ±α with respect to the x-axis, and a second plurality of reinforcing fibers oriented at an angle ±β with respect to the x-axis, where β is between 15 and 35 degrees, and α is 0 degrees or between 2 and 12 degrees. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising laying up a third plurality of fibers at an angle of γ with respect to the x-axis, where γ is between 87 and 92 degrees. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising laying up integral stiffeners on the ply stack. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising embedding the fibers in a resin, and curing the ply stack. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising cutting fibers in the cured ply stack. | 1,700 |
4,356 | 15,644,164 | 1,779 | A display device for a medical apparatus including a projection surface arranged on the medical apparatus and configured to present a predetermined display content in a way visible to a user of the medical apparatus, and a projection device arranged on the medical apparatus and configured to project the predetermined display content from a rear side of the projection surface onto the projection surface. The projection surface and the projection device are configured as a head-up display unit for visual field presentation of the display content, and the medical apparatus may be an apparatus for carrying out extracorporeal blood treatment including the display device. | 1.-11. (canceled) 12. A display device of a medical apparatus, comprising:
a projection surface mounted to the medical apparatus and configured to present a predetermined display content to a user of the medical apparatus on a front side of the projection surface; and a projection device mounted on the medical apparatus and configured to project the predetermined display content from a rear side of the projection surface onto the projection surface; wherein a predetermined portion of the projection surface is provided for displaying at least one predetermined operating condition of the medical apparatus, and in at least a first and a second operating condition at least one of a predetermined first portion or a predetermined second portion of the projection surface is controllably configured to display the first and second operating conditions in different colors. 13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein the projection surface is a translucent projection surface made from semi-opaque material. 14. The display device according to claim 12, wherein at least the projection surface is arranged to be at least one of tiltable, rotatable or height-adjustable. 15. The display device according to claim 12, further comprising at least one interactive element which is arranged on the projection surface and is configured to detect an interaction of the user in a touch-sensitive manner. 16. The display device according to claim 12, further comprising at least one of an imaging means or an optical sensor means configured to detect interaction of the user in a contactless manner. 17. The display device according to claim 12, wherein the display device is configured to carry out at least one of two-dimensional (2D) and/or three dimensional (3D) detection on a projection plane. 18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein the detection includes at least one of gesture detection or position detection. 19. The display device according to claim 12, further comprising at least one operating element manually operable by the user integrated in the projection surface. 20. The display device according to claim 12, wherein a third operating condition in a predetermined third portion of the projection surface is controllably configured to display the third operating condition in a color other than the colors of the first and second operating conditions, wherein the predetermined third portion is larger than the predetermined first portion and the predetermined second portion. 21. The display device according to claim 15, wherein a first and a second position detecting system are provided for an at least two-channel input evaluation of the interaction of the user. 22. The display device according to claim 12, wherein the projection surface and the projection device are configured as a head-up display unit for visual field presentation of the display content. 23. An apparatus for carrying out extracorporeal blood treatment comprising a display device according to claim 12. | A display device for a medical apparatus including a projection surface arranged on the medical apparatus and configured to present a predetermined display content in a way visible to a user of the medical apparatus, and a projection device arranged on the medical apparatus and configured to project the predetermined display content from a rear side of the projection surface onto the projection surface. The projection surface and the projection device are configured as a head-up display unit for visual field presentation of the display content, and the medical apparatus may be an apparatus for carrying out extracorporeal blood treatment including the display device.1.-11. (canceled) 12. A display device of a medical apparatus, comprising:
a projection surface mounted to the medical apparatus and configured to present a predetermined display content to a user of the medical apparatus on a front side of the projection surface; and a projection device mounted on the medical apparatus and configured to project the predetermined display content from a rear side of the projection surface onto the projection surface; wherein a predetermined portion of the projection surface is provided for displaying at least one predetermined operating condition of the medical apparatus, and in at least a first and a second operating condition at least one of a predetermined first portion or a predetermined second portion of the projection surface is controllably configured to display the first and second operating conditions in different colors. 13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein the projection surface is a translucent projection surface made from semi-opaque material. 14. The display device according to claim 12, wherein at least the projection surface is arranged to be at least one of tiltable, rotatable or height-adjustable. 15. The display device according to claim 12, further comprising at least one interactive element which is arranged on the projection surface and is configured to detect an interaction of the user in a touch-sensitive manner. 16. The display device according to claim 12, further comprising at least one of an imaging means or an optical sensor means configured to detect interaction of the user in a contactless manner. 17. The display device according to claim 12, wherein the display device is configured to carry out at least one of two-dimensional (2D) and/or three dimensional (3D) detection on a projection plane. 18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein the detection includes at least one of gesture detection or position detection. 19. The display device according to claim 12, further comprising at least one operating element manually operable by the user integrated in the projection surface. 20. The display device according to claim 12, wherein a third operating condition in a predetermined third portion of the projection surface is controllably configured to display the third operating condition in a color other than the colors of the first and second operating conditions, wherein the predetermined third portion is larger than the predetermined first portion and the predetermined second portion. 21. The display device according to claim 15, wherein a first and a second position detecting system are provided for an at least two-channel input evaluation of the interaction of the user. 22. The display device according to claim 12, wherein the projection surface and the projection device are configured as a head-up display unit for visual field presentation of the display content. 23. An apparatus for carrying out extracorporeal blood treatment comprising a display device according to claim 12. | 1,700 |
4,357 | 13,756,118 | 2,199 | A method includes, in a program that includes a defined number of job slots for data updating processing jobs, scheduling a first job in one of the slots, and executing the first job, wherein the first job includes scanning a list of additional jobs and scheduling those additional jobs for execution, further wherein a total number of the additional jobs in the program exceeds the defined number of job slots. | 1. A method comprising:
in a program that includes a defined number of job slots for data updating processing jobs, scheduling a first job in one of the slots; and executing the first job, wherein the first job includes scanning a list of additional jobs and scheduling those additional jobs for execution, further wherein a total number of the additional jobs in the program exceeds the defined number of job slots. 2. The method of claim 1 in which the list of additional jobs comprises a list object including a plurality of class names, each of the class names corresponding to a respective one of the additional jobs. 3. The method of claim 1 in which scheduling the additional jobs for execution comprises:
using injection to create a plurality of instances of class names, each of the class names corresponding to a respective one of the additional jobs; and
using a scheduling function to schedule the instances of the class names. 4. The method of claim 3 in which each of the class names is associated with a respective priority value; further in which scheduling the instances of the class names includes taking account of respective priority values of the class names. 5. The method of claim 3 in which the program includes a limit on a number of jobs that may be run concurrently; further in which scheduling the instances of the class names includes taking account of the limit in the number of jobs that may be run concurrently. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
for each of the additional jobs, creating a task object and a monitoring object to indicate errors in scheduling and invoking. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising:
sending an alert message in response to a time-based workflow that scans a monitoring object corresponding to one of the additional jobs. 8. The method of claim 6 in which the task object is created with a due date in the future, and an overdue status of the task object indicates a failure of a corresponding one of the additional jobs to invoke. 9. A system comprising:
one or more server computers serving one or more end-user computers, the server computers running a program that provides data updating jobs and has a limited number of available slots for a set of scheduled data updating jobs, the server further executing code to provide:
job scheduling logic that is associated with one or more of the slots, the job scheduling logic accessing a list of additional jobs not associated with the slots, instantiating objects associated with the additional jobs, and scheduling the additional jobs in accordance with respective frequency and priority values of each of the additional jobs. 10. The system of claim 9 in which the instantiated objects comprise respective monitoring objects for the additional jobs, wherein the job scheduling logic uses the monitoring objects to generate one or more error messages. 11. The system of claim 9 in which the scheduling logic uses triggers associated with the instantiated objects to inject class names associated with the additional jobs into a list object for scheduling. 12. A computer program product having a computer readable medium tangibly recording computer program logic for updating data in a computer system, the program logic including a defined number of data processing job slots, the computer program product comprising:
code to schedule a first job in one of the slots, the first job including a scheduling function that scans a first list for class names scheduled to run; code to select ones of the class names scheduled to run based on the scanning; code to create a plurality of task objects, at least one task object for each selected class name; code to use triggers to create a monitoring object for a respective class name for each of the task objects; code to create a plurality of instances, at least one instance for each of the selected class names, and to inject the instances into a second list; and code to schedule additional jobs by the scheduling function, each of the additional jobs corresponding to a respective one of the instances in the second list. 13. The computer program product of claim 12 in which the code to create a plurality of instances comprises code to use triggers of the monitoring objects to create the instances. 14. The computer program product of claim 12 further comprising:
code to monitor the additional jobs using the monitoring objects. 15. The computer program product of claim 12 further comprising:
code to invoke each of the additional jobs in the order in which the additional jobs are scheduled. 16. The computer program product of claim 12 further comprising:
code to invoke the first job repeatedly according to a schedule. 17. The computer program product of claim 12 further comprising:
code to use one of the monitoring objects to send an alert when a corresponding, respective one of the additional jobs fails to execute. 18. The computer program product of claim 17 in which the alert comprises an email to an administrator. 19. The computer program product of claim 12 further comprising:
code to remove a previously-created monitored object associated with one of the additional jobs and a task associated with the one of the additional jobs in response to successfully scheduling the one of the additional jobs. 20. The computer program product of claim 12 further comprising:
code to remove a previously-created monitored object associated with one of the instances and a task associated with the one of the instances in response to a failure to schedule the one of the instances as a job. | A method includes, in a program that includes a defined number of job slots for data updating processing jobs, scheduling a first job in one of the slots, and executing the first job, wherein the first job includes scanning a list of additional jobs and scheduling those additional jobs for execution, further wherein a total number of the additional jobs in the program exceeds the defined number of job slots.1. A method comprising:
in a program that includes a defined number of job slots for data updating processing jobs, scheduling a first job in one of the slots; and executing the first job, wherein the first job includes scanning a list of additional jobs and scheduling those additional jobs for execution, further wherein a total number of the additional jobs in the program exceeds the defined number of job slots. 2. The method of claim 1 in which the list of additional jobs comprises a list object including a plurality of class names, each of the class names corresponding to a respective one of the additional jobs. 3. The method of claim 1 in which scheduling the additional jobs for execution comprises:
using injection to create a plurality of instances of class names, each of the class names corresponding to a respective one of the additional jobs; and
using a scheduling function to schedule the instances of the class names. 4. The method of claim 3 in which each of the class names is associated with a respective priority value; further in which scheduling the instances of the class names includes taking account of respective priority values of the class names. 5. The method of claim 3 in which the program includes a limit on a number of jobs that may be run concurrently; further in which scheduling the instances of the class names includes taking account of the limit in the number of jobs that may be run concurrently. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
for each of the additional jobs, creating a task object and a monitoring object to indicate errors in scheduling and invoking. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising:
sending an alert message in response to a time-based workflow that scans a monitoring object corresponding to one of the additional jobs. 8. The method of claim 6 in which the task object is created with a due date in the future, and an overdue status of the task object indicates a failure of a corresponding one of the additional jobs to invoke. 9. A system comprising:
one or more server computers serving one or more end-user computers, the server computers running a program that provides data updating jobs and has a limited number of available slots for a set of scheduled data updating jobs, the server further executing code to provide:
job scheduling logic that is associated with one or more of the slots, the job scheduling logic accessing a list of additional jobs not associated with the slots, instantiating objects associated with the additional jobs, and scheduling the additional jobs in accordance with respective frequency and priority values of each of the additional jobs. 10. The system of claim 9 in which the instantiated objects comprise respective monitoring objects for the additional jobs, wherein the job scheduling logic uses the monitoring objects to generate one or more error messages. 11. The system of claim 9 in which the scheduling logic uses triggers associated with the instantiated objects to inject class names associated with the additional jobs into a list object for scheduling. 12. A computer program product having a computer readable medium tangibly recording computer program logic for updating data in a computer system, the program logic including a defined number of data processing job slots, the computer program product comprising:
code to schedule a first job in one of the slots, the first job including a scheduling function that scans a first list for class names scheduled to run; code to select ones of the class names scheduled to run based on the scanning; code to create a plurality of task objects, at least one task object for each selected class name; code to use triggers to create a monitoring object for a respective class name for each of the task objects; code to create a plurality of instances, at least one instance for each of the selected class names, and to inject the instances into a second list; and code to schedule additional jobs by the scheduling function, each of the additional jobs corresponding to a respective one of the instances in the second list. 13. The computer program product of claim 12 in which the code to create a plurality of instances comprises code to use triggers of the monitoring objects to create the instances. 14. The computer program product of claim 12 further comprising:
code to monitor the additional jobs using the monitoring objects. 15. The computer program product of claim 12 further comprising:
code to invoke each of the additional jobs in the order in which the additional jobs are scheduled. 16. The computer program product of claim 12 further comprising:
code to invoke the first job repeatedly according to a schedule. 17. The computer program product of claim 12 further comprising:
code to use one of the monitoring objects to send an alert when a corresponding, respective one of the additional jobs fails to execute. 18. The computer program product of claim 17 in which the alert comprises an email to an administrator. 19. The computer program product of claim 12 further comprising:
code to remove a previously-created monitored object associated with one of the additional jobs and a task associated with the one of the additional jobs in response to successfully scheduling the one of the additional jobs. 20. The computer program product of claim 12 further comprising:
code to remove a previously-created monitored object associated with one of the instances and a task associated with the one of the instances in response to a failure to schedule the one of the instances as a job. | 2,100 |
4,358 | 13,616,012 | 2,139 | An electronic control unit for a vehicle including a nonvolatile memory capable of erasing and writing data electrically and two buffers to acquire, by communication, divided data obtained by dividing a program by predetermined size. Then, in parallel with using the two buffers alternately to receive divided data, the electronic control unit for a vehicle uses one buffer that is not used to receive divided data to write the received divided data into the nonvolatile memory. | 1. An electronic control unit for a vehicle including a nonvolatile memory in which data can be written and erased electronically and two buffers, in which the electronic control unit for a vehicle is able to receive, by communication, divided data obtained by dividing a program by predetermined size, comprising a processor which, in parallel with receiving the divided data by using the two buffers alternately, writes the divided data received by using one buffer that is not used to receive the divided data, into the nonvolatile memory. 2. The electronic control unit for a vehicle, according to claim 1, wherein the processor starts receiving next divided data and writing the divided data, in response to completion of receiving the divided data. 3. The electronic control unit for a vehicle, according to claim 1, wherein the processor returns a response to a source of the divided data to indicate that the divided data is received and the divided data is written into the nonvolatile memory, upon completion of receiving the divided data and writing the divided data. 4. The electronic control unit for a vehicle, according to claim 1, wherein the processor further performs verification of the received divided data and verification of the written data in the nonvolatile memory in parallel. 5. The electronic control unit for a vehicle, according to claim 4, wherein the verification of the received divided data is performed by using an error-detecting code included in the divided data. 6. The electronic control unit for a vehicle, according to claim 4, wherein the verification of the written data in the nonvolatile memory is performed by comparing the data in the nonvolatile memory with the data in the buffer. 7. A method of writing data by an electronic control unit for a vehicle including a nonvolatile memory in which data can be written and erased electronically and two buffers, the method comprising the steps of:
in parallel with receiving divided data obtained by dividing a program by predetermined size, by using the two buffers alternately, writing the received divided data by using one buffer that is not used to receive the divided data. 8. The method of writing data according to claim 7, wherein the electronic control unit for a vehicle starts receiving next divided data and writing the divided data, in response to completion of receiving the divided data. 9. A method of writing data according to claim 7, wherein the electronic control unit for a vehicle returns a response to a source of the divided data to indicate that the divided data is received and written into the nonvolatile memory, upon completion of receiving the divided data and writing the divided data. 10. The method of writing data according to claim 7, wherein the electronic control unit for a vehicle further performs verification of the received divided data and verification of the written data in the nonvolatile memory in parallel. 11. The method of writing data according to claim 10, wherein the verification of the received divided data is performed by using an error-detecting code included in the divided data. 12. The method of writing data according to claim 10, wherein the verification of the written data in the nonvolatile memory is performed by comparing the data in the nonvolatile memory with the data in the buffer. | An electronic control unit for a vehicle including a nonvolatile memory capable of erasing and writing data electrically and two buffers to acquire, by communication, divided data obtained by dividing a program by predetermined size. Then, in parallel with using the two buffers alternately to receive divided data, the electronic control unit for a vehicle uses one buffer that is not used to receive divided data to write the received divided data into the nonvolatile memory.1. An electronic control unit for a vehicle including a nonvolatile memory in which data can be written and erased electronically and two buffers, in which the electronic control unit for a vehicle is able to receive, by communication, divided data obtained by dividing a program by predetermined size, comprising a processor which, in parallel with receiving the divided data by using the two buffers alternately, writes the divided data received by using one buffer that is not used to receive the divided data, into the nonvolatile memory. 2. The electronic control unit for a vehicle, according to claim 1, wherein the processor starts receiving next divided data and writing the divided data, in response to completion of receiving the divided data. 3. The electronic control unit for a vehicle, according to claim 1, wherein the processor returns a response to a source of the divided data to indicate that the divided data is received and the divided data is written into the nonvolatile memory, upon completion of receiving the divided data and writing the divided data. 4. The electronic control unit for a vehicle, according to claim 1, wherein the processor further performs verification of the received divided data and verification of the written data in the nonvolatile memory in parallel. 5. The electronic control unit for a vehicle, according to claim 4, wherein the verification of the received divided data is performed by using an error-detecting code included in the divided data. 6. The electronic control unit for a vehicle, according to claim 4, wherein the verification of the written data in the nonvolatile memory is performed by comparing the data in the nonvolatile memory with the data in the buffer. 7. A method of writing data by an electronic control unit for a vehicle including a nonvolatile memory in which data can be written and erased electronically and two buffers, the method comprising the steps of:
in parallel with receiving divided data obtained by dividing a program by predetermined size, by using the two buffers alternately, writing the received divided data by using one buffer that is not used to receive the divided data. 8. The method of writing data according to claim 7, wherein the electronic control unit for a vehicle starts receiving next divided data and writing the divided data, in response to completion of receiving the divided data. 9. A method of writing data according to claim 7, wherein the electronic control unit for a vehicle returns a response to a source of the divided data to indicate that the divided data is received and written into the nonvolatile memory, upon completion of receiving the divided data and writing the divided data. 10. The method of writing data according to claim 7, wherein the electronic control unit for a vehicle further performs verification of the received divided data and verification of the written data in the nonvolatile memory in parallel. 11. The method of writing data according to claim 10, wherein the verification of the received divided data is performed by using an error-detecting code included in the divided data. 12. The method of writing data according to claim 10, wherein the verification of the written data in the nonvolatile memory is performed by comparing the data in the nonvolatile memory with the data in the buffer. | 2,100 |
4,359 | 13,230,561 | 2,179 | A touch screen computing device with an easy to use user interface. The computing device provides on the touch screen a control area associated with a content viewing area. Touch inputs that initiate in the control area, even if they extend into the viewing area, are interpreted as commands that manipulate the display of content. Other touch inputs are interpreted as interactions with displayed content. The control area may be formatted to allow easy access by a user holding the computing device. Through such an interface the user may input commands specifying direct manipulation of the content, to without frustration that can occur from the computing device incorrectly interpreting those commands as interaction with the content. | 1. A method of displaying content on a computing device comprising a touch screen, the method comprising:
displaying a control area and a viewing area on the touch screen; displaying a first portion of the content in a viewing area of the touch screen; receiving, through the touch screen, a touch input, the touch input indicating an initial contact in the control area and a subsequent motion across the touch screen; and in response to the touch input, performing a direct manipulation of the content in the viewing area. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
displaying the control area comprises displaying the control area as a frame circumscribing the viewing area. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
displaying the control area comprises displaying the control area as at least two portions, a first of the at least two portions being disposed along a first side of the touch screen and a second of the at least two portions being disposed along a second side of the touch screen, the second side being opposite the first side. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the touch input comprises a swipe; and the direct manipulation comprises displaying an alternative portion of the content in the viewing area, wherein the content is panned in the viewing area in response to the touch input. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the swipe is a drag; and the content is panned in the viewing area without inertia. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the swipe is a flick; and the content is panned in the viewing area with inertia. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the touch input comprises a pincer touch; and the direct manipulation comprises altering a magnification of the content in the viewing area in response to the touch input. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein:
the pincer touch is a pinch; and altering the magnification of the content in the viewing area comprises zooming out in the viewing area. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein:
the pincer touch is a spread; and altering the magnification of the content in the viewing area comprises zooming in in the viewing area. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at the touch screen, a second touch input, the second touch comprising a tap on a control button in the control area; and altering a magnification of the content in the viewing area in response to the second touch input, wherein displaying the control area comprises displaying the control button in the control area. 11. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, at the touch screen, a second touch input, the second touch comprising a tap in the control area; panning the content in the viewing area, in response to the second touch input. 12. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, at the touch screen, a second touch input, the second touch comprising a press in the control area; panning the content in the viewing area, in response to the second touch input and for a duration of the press. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein:
wherein the subsequent motion is in the viewing area. 14. At least one computer readable storage medium encoded with instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to implement a method comprising:
receiving content from an application executing on the computer; displaying at least a portion of the content in a viewing area on the touch screen; displaying a control area on the touch screen; receiving, from the touch screen, a touch input comprising an initial contact and subsequent motion across the touch screen; when the initial contact is in the control area, processing the touch input as a command altering an appearance of the content in the viewing area; and when the initial contact is in the viewing area, providing the touch input to the application. 15. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
the control area on the touch screen comprises a plurality of bands, each band being disposed adjacent an edge of the touch screen. 16. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
the control area on the touch screen comprises a region circumscribed by the viewing area. 17. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
the initial contact is in the control area; and altering the appearance of the content in the viewing area comprises panning to display an alternative portion of the content in the viewing area. 18. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
receiving, from the touch screen, the touch input comprises receiving the touch input at an operating system of the computer, the operating system determining whether the initial contact is in the control area or in the viewing area. 19. A tablet computing device configured to display content, the computing device comprising:
a touch screen; a processor; a non-volatile storage device holding computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, control the processor to:
display a frame adjacent a periphery of the touch screen;
display, within the frame on the touch screen, at least a portion of content received from a component executing on the tablet computing device;
receive a touch input from the touch screen,
when the touch input comprises an initial contact on the frame, process the touch input as a command manipulating presentation of the content in the viewing area; and
when the touch input comprises an initial contact inside the frame, process the touch input as an input to the component. 20. The tablet computing device of claim 19, wherein:
the touch input is a swipe; the initial contact is on the frame; and manipulating presentation of the content in the viewing area comprises panning to display an alternative portion of the content in the viewing area. | A touch screen computing device with an easy to use user interface. The computing device provides on the touch screen a control area associated with a content viewing area. Touch inputs that initiate in the control area, even if they extend into the viewing area, are interpreted as commands that manipulate the display of content. Other touch inputs are interpreted as interactions with displayed content. The control area may be formatted to allow easy access by a user holding the computing device. Through such an interface the user may input commands specifying direct manipulation of the content, to without frustration that can occur from the computing device incorrectly interpreting those commands as interaction with the content.1. A method of displaying content on a computing device comprising a touch screen, the method comprising:
displaying a control area and a viewing area on the touch screen; displaying a first portion of the content in a viewing area of the touch screen; receiving, through the touch screen, a touch input, the touch input indicating an initial contact in the control area and a subsequent motion across the touch screen; and in response to the touch input, performing a direct manipulation of the content in the viewing area. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
displaying the control area comprises displaying the control area as a frame circumscribing the viewing area. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
displaying the control area comprises displaying the control area as at least two portions, a first of the at least two portions being disposed along a first side of the touch screen and a second of the at least two portions being disposed along a second side of the touch screen, the second side being opposite the first side. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the touch input comprises a swipe; and the direct manipulation comprises displaying an alternative portion of the content in the viewing area, wherein the content is panned in the viewing area in response to the touch input. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the swipe is a drag; and the content is panned in the viewing area without inertia. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the swipe is a flick; and the content is panned in the viewing area with inertia. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the touch input comprises a pincer touch; and the direct manipulation comprises altering a magnification of the content in the viewing area in response to the touch input. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein:
the pincer touch is a pinch; and altering the magnification of the content in the viewing area comprises zooming out in the viewing area. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein:
the pincer touch is a spread; and altering the magnification of the content in the viewing area comprises zooming in in the viewing area. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, at the touch screen, a second touch input, the second touch comprising a tap on a control button in the control area; and altering a magnification of the content in the viewing area in response to the second touch input, wherein displaying the control area comprises displaying the control button in the control area. 11. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, at the touch screen, a second touch input, the second touch comprising a tap in the control area; panning the content in the viewing area, in response to the second touch input. 12. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, at the touch screen, a second touch input, the second touch comprising a press in the control area; panning the content in the viewing area, in response to the second touch input and for a duration of the press. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein:
wherein the subsequent motion is in the viewing area. 14. At least one computer readable storage medium encoded with instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to implement a method comprising:
receiving content from an application executing on the computer; displaying at least a portion of the content in a viewing area on the touch screen; displaying a control area on the touch screen; receiving, from the touch screen, a touch input comprising an initial contact and subsequent motion across the touch screen; when the initial contact is in the control area, processing the touch input as a command altering an appearance of the content in the viewing area; and when the initial contact is in the viewing area, providing the touch input to the application. 15. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
the control area on the touch screen comprises a plurality of bands, each band being disposed adjacent an edge of the touch screen. 16. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
the control area on the touch screen comprises a region circumscribed by the viewing area. 17. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
the initial contact is in the control area; and altering the appearance of the content in the viewing area comprises panning to display an alternative portion of the content in the viewing area. 18. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
receiving, from the touch screen, the touch input comprises receiving the touch input at an operating system of the computer, the operating system determining whether the initial contact is in the control area or in the viewing area. 19. A tablet computing device configured to display content, the computing device comprising:
a touch screen; a processor; a non-volatile storage device holding computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, control the processor to:
display a frame adjacent a periphery of the touch screen;
display, within the frame on the touch screen, at least a portion of content received from a component executing on the tablet computing device;
receive a touch input from the touch screen,
when the touch input comprises an initial contact on the frame, process the touch input as a command manipulating presentation of the content in the viewing area; and
when the touch input comprises an initial contact inside the frame, process the touch input as an input to the component. 20. The tablet computing device of claim 19, wherein:
the touch input is a swipe; the initial contact is on the frame; and manipulating presentation of the content in the viewing area comprises panning to display an alternative portion of the content in the viewing area. | 2,100 |
4,360 | 13,760,868 | 2,139 | In a virtualized computer system, guest memory pages are mapped to disk blocks that contain identical contents and the mapping is used to improve management processes performed on virtual machines, such as live migration and snapshots. These processes are performed with less data being transferred because the mapping data of those guest memory pages that have identical content stored on disk are transmitted instead of the their contents. As a result, live migration and snapshots can be carried out more quickly. The mapping of the guest memory pages to disk blocks can also be used to optimize other tasks, such as page swaps and memory error corrections. | 1. A method of selectively transmitting memory pages of a virtual machine that is running in a host computer and has a virtual disk that is stored in a storage device, as part of a management process carried out by the host computer, said method comprising:
accessing a data structure to determine that contents of a first set of memory pages of the virtual machine are also stored in the virtual disk; and transmitting for storage (i) a second set of memory pages of the virtual machine that does not include any of the memory pages in the first set and (ii) a mapping of the first set of memory pages to corresponding locations in the virtual disk where the contents of the first set of memory pages are also stored. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mapping identifies disk blocks of the virtual disk that are associated with the memory pages in the first set. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the mapping identifies at least one disk block of the virtual disk that is associated with multiple memory pages in the first set. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
updating the data structure when a memory page in the first set is modified to remove the mapping from the modified memory page to a disk block of the virtual disk. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
updating another data structure to remove a reverse mapping of the disk block to the modified memory page. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the management process is migration to another host computer and the first and second sets of memory pages represent a current state of the virtual machine to be migrated to said another host computer. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second set of memory pages and the mapping are transmitted to said another host computer for storage in memory pages of said another host computer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the management process is a process for creating a snapshot of the virtual machine and the first and second sets of memory pages represent a current state of the virtual machine. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the second set of memory pages and the mapping are transmitted to the storage device for storage therein. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said accessing includes:
generating hash values of memory pages of the virtual machine and comparing the generated hash values against stored hash values; and determining that contents of one or more of said memory pages of the virtual machine are not stored in the virtual disk when the generated hash values of the memory pages do not match the stored hash values. 11. A method of managing memory pages of a virtual machine that is running in a host computer and has a virtual disk that is stored in a storage device, said method comprising:
accessing a data structure to determine that contents of a set of memory pages of the virtual machine are also stored in corresponding disk blocks of the virtual disk; and performing a management process on one or more memory pages of the virtual machine using a mapping of the set of memory pages to corresponding disk blocks of the virtual disk where the contents of the set of memory pages are also stored, wherein the management process includes replacing contents of the one or more memory pages with data read from the virtual disk. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the management process is a page swap and, prior to said replacing, contents of the one or more memory pages are written out to the virtual disk. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more memory pages are not in the set of memory pages. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining that a memory page is in the set of memory pages and not performing the page swap for said memory page. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the management process is a memory error recovery and, prior to said replacing, the mapping is used to identify one or more disk blocks of the virtual disk corresponding to the one or more memory pages, and the replacement data are read from the corresponding disk blocks. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the mapping identifies disk blocks of the virtual disk that are associated with the memory pages in the set. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the mapping identifies at least one disk block of the virtual disk that is associated with multiple memory pages in the set. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
updating the data structure when a memory page in the set of memory pages is modified to remove a mapping from the modified memory page to a disk block. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
updating another data structure to remove a reverse mapping of the disk block to the modified memory page. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising a first data structure that provides a first mapping of a set of memory pages of a virtual machine to corresponding disk blocks of a virtual disk of the virtual machine where the contents of the set of memory pages are also stored, a second data structure that provides a second mapping of disk blocks of the virtual disk to memory pages of the virtual machine that have the same contents as the disk blocks, and instructions for causing a computer system to update the first and second data structures when any of the first and second mappings become invalid and to perform a management process on one or more memory pages of the virtual machine using the first data structure, wherein the management process includes transmitting for storage memory pages of the virtual machine that does not include any of the memory pages in the set of memory pages and the first mapping. 21. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 20, wherein the management process is migration to another computer system. 22. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 20, wherein the management process is creation of a snapshot of the virtual machine. | In a virtualized computer system, guest memory pages are mapped to disk blocks that contain identical contents and the mapping is used to improve management processes performed on virtual machines, such as live migration and snapshots. These processes are performed with less data being transferred because the mapping data of those guest memory pages that have identical content stored on disk are transmitted instead of the their contents. As a result, live migration and snapshots can be carried out more quickly. The mapping of the guest memory pages to disk blocks can also be used to optimize other tasks, such as page swaps and memory error corrections.1. A method of selectively transmitting memory pages of a virtual machine that is running in a host computer and has a virtual disk that is stored in a storage device, as part of a management process carried out by the host computer, said method comprising:
accessing a data structure to determine that contents of a first set of memory pages of the virtual machine are also stored in the virtual disk; and transmitting for storage (i) a second set of memory pages of the virtual machine that does not include any of the memory pages in the first set and (ii) a mapping of the first set of memory pages to corresponding locations in the virtual disk where the contents of the first set of memory pages are also stored. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mapping identifies disk blocks of the virtual disk that are associated with the memory pages in the first set. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the mapping identifies at least one disk block of the virtual disk that is associated with multiple memory pages in the first set. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
updating the data structure when a memory page in the first set is modified to remove the mapping from the modified memory page to a disk block of the virtual disk. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
updating another data structure to remove a reverse mapping of the disk block to the modified memory page. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the management process is migration to another host computer and the first and second sets of memory pages represent a current state of the virtual machine to be migrated to said another host computer. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second set of memory pages and the mapping are transmitted to said another host computer for storage in memory pages of said another host computer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the management process is a process for creating a snapshot of the virtual machine and the first and second sets of memory pages represent a current state of the virtual machine. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the second set of memory pages and the mapping are transmitted to the storage device for storage therein. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said accessing includes:
generating hash values of memory pages of the virtual machine and comparing the generated hash values against stored hash values; and determining that contents of one or more of said memory pages of the virtual machine are not stored in the virtual disk when the generated hash values of the memory pages do not match the stored hash values. 11. A method of managing memory pages of a virtual machine that is running in a host computer and has a virtual disk that is stored in a storage device, said method comprising:
accessing a data structure to determine that contents of a set of memory pages of the virtual machine are also stored in corresponding disk blocks of the virtual disk; and performing a management process on one or more memory pages of the virtual machine using a mapping of the set of memory pages to corresponding disk blocks of the virtual disk where the contents of the set of memory pages are also stored, wherein the management process includes replacing contents of the one or more memory pages with data read from the virtual disk. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the management process is a page swap and, prior to said replacing, contents of the one or more memory pages are written out to the virtual disk. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more memory pages are not in the set of memory pages. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining that a memory page is in the set of memory pages and not performing the page swap for said memory page. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the management process is a memory error recovery and, prior to said replacing, the mapping is used to identify one or more disk blocks of the virtual disk corresponding to the one or more memory pages, and the replacement data are read from the corresponding disk blocks. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the mapping identifies disk blocks of the virtual disk that are associated with the memory pages in the set. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the mapping identifies at least one disk block of the virtual disk that is associated with multiple memory pages in the set. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
updating the data structure when a memory page in the set of memory pages is modified to remove a mapping from the modified memory page to a disk block. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
updating another data structure to remove a reverse mapping of the disk block to the modified memory page. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising a first data structure that provides a first mapping of a set of memory pages of a virtual machine to corresponding disk blocks of a virtual disk of the virtual machine where the contents of the set of memory pages are also stored, a second data structure that provides a second mapping of disk blocks of the virtual disk to memory pages of the virtual machine that have the same contents as the disk blocks, and instructions for causing a computer system to update the first and second data structures when any of the first and second mappings become invalid and to perform a management process on one or more memory pages of the virtual machine using the first data structure, wherein the management process includes transmitting for storage memory pages of the virtual machine that does not include any of the memory pages in the set of memory pages and the first mapping. 21. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 20, wherein the management process is migration to another computer system. 22. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 20, wherein the management process is creation of a snapshot of the virtual machine. | 2,100 |
4,361 | 13,077,298 | 2,174 | Apparatus and methods to implement a technique for using a second display with a network-enabled television. In one implementation, this feature allows a user to directly launch a service when launching a second display application. In this way, the user is saved the trouble of having to search for the desired service in a list of services, reducing the difficulties of the systems disclosed above. The second display application may be a web application or a native remote controller application. The second display could be a smart phone that can often be found beside the user, or a laptop or tablet PC, a desktop PC, or the like. | 1. A method of directly launching a service upon instantiation of a second display application, comprising:
i. upon instantiation of a second display application, establishing a session between a second display and a first server; ii. retrieving an identifier of a service to be directly launched; iii. using the identifier to load the service to be directly launched; and iv. launching the service within the second display application. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second display application is a web application, and wherein the retrieving and using the identifier include:
i. adding a URL corresponding to the identifier as a GET parameter; ii. loading HTML code with the GET parameter; and iii. adding the HTML code as an autoexec variable in the web application. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising clearing the autoexec variable upon launch of the service. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying a prompt for a user to create a shortcut associated with the service to be directly launched, and upon user input, creating the shortcut. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the identifier is stored as a cookie. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second display application is a native remote controller application. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the session is associated with a user account, the user account having associated therewith a plurality of services. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising receiving and displaying a list of services associated with the user account. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising retrieving data about a content playback device, and wherein the retrieved identifier of a service to be directly launched is in part determined by the data corresponding to the content playback device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the data about the content playback device is stored as a cookie. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifier of a service to be directly launched includes category information, such that when the service to be directly launched is displayed for access on the second display, the displayed service is limited to the category. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the service is a website. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifier of a service to be directly launched is created by:
i. during a service browsing session, receiving an input from a user, the input indicating that a current service being browsed is to be designated as a service to be directly launched; and ii. creating and storing an identifier corresponding to the service so designated. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the service to be launched corresponds to an advertisement. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the second display is a tablet computer, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, an internet appliance, or a computing device with internet access. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, comprising instructions for causing a computing device to implement the method of claim 1. 17. A method of directly launching a service upon instantiation of a second display application, comprising:
i. establishing a session between a second display and a first server; ii. receiving an identifier of a service to be directly launched; iii. comparing the identifier of the service to be directly launched with a plurality of services; iv. if the identifier of the service to be directly launched corresponds with a service in the plurality, transmitting a signal to the second display to cause the second display to launch the service corresponding to the identifier; v. if the identifier of the service to be directly launched does not correspond with a service in the plurality, then:
1. causing a list of the plurality to be displayed on the second display; or
2. causing a browser on the second display to load and launch a registration website for the service corresponding to the identifier. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second display application is a web application, wherein the identifier of a service to be directly launched includes a URL corresponding to the service, and wherein the transmitted signal includes JavaScript code. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the second display application is a native remote controller application. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the identifier of a service to be directly launched includes category information, such that when the service to be directly launched is caused to be displayed on the second display, the displayed service is limited to the category. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein upon receipt of the identifier of the service to be directly launched, retrieving an advertisement associated with the identifier of the service to be directly launched, and causing the advertisement to be launched on the second display. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the second display is a tablet computer, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, an internet appliance, or a computing device with internet access. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the session is associated with a user account, the user account having associated therewith a plurality of services. 24. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, comprising instructions for causing a computing device to implement the method of claim 17. | Apparatus and methods to implement a technique for using a second display with a network-enabled television. In one implementation, this feature allows a user to directly launch a service when launching a second display application. In this way, the user is saved the trouble of having to search for the desired service in a list of services, reducing the difficulties of the systems disclosed above. The second display application may be a web application or a native remote controller application. The second display could be a smart phone that can often be found beside the user, or a laptop or tablet PC, a desktop PC, or the like.1. A method of directly launching a service upon instantiation of a second display application, comprising:
i. upon instantiation of a second display application, establishing a session between a second display and a first server; ii. retrieving an identifier of a service to be directly launched; iii. using the identifier to load the service to be directly launched; and iv. launching the service within the second display application. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second display application is a web application, and wherein the retrieving and using the identifier include:
i. adding a URL corresponding to the identifier as a GET parameter; ii. loading HTML code with the GET parameter; and iii. adding the HTML code as an autoexec variable in the web application. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising clearing the autoexec variable upon launch of the service. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying a prompt for a user to create a shortcut associated with the service to be directly launched, and upon user input, creating the shortcut. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the identifier is stored as a cookie. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second display application is a native remote controller application. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the session is associated with a user account, the user account having associated therewith a plurality of services. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising receiving and displaying a list of services associated with the user account. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising retrieving data about a content playback device, and wherein the retrieved identifier of a service to be directly launched is in part determined by the data corresponding to the content playback device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the data about the content playback device is stored as a cookie. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifier of a service to be directly launched includes category information, such that when the service to be directly launched is displayed for access on the second display, the displayed service is limited to the category. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the service is a website. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the identifier of a service to be directly launched is created by:
i. during a service browsing session, receiving an input from a user, the input indicating that a current service being browsed is to be designated as a service to be directly launched; and ii. creating and storing an identifier corresponding to the service so designated. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the service to be launched corresponds to an advertisement. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the second display is a tablet computer, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, an internet appliance, or a computing device with internet access. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, comprising instructions for causing a computing device to implement the method of claim 1. 17. A method of directly launching a service upon instantiation of a second display application, comprising:
i. establishing a session between a second display and a first server; ii. receiving an identifier of a service to be directly launched; iii. comparing the identifier of the service to be directly launched with a plurality of services; iv. if the identifier of the service to be directly launched corresponds with a service in the plurality, transmitting a signal to the second display to cause the second display to launch the service corresponding to the identifier; v. if the identifier of the service to be directly launched does not correspond with a service in the plurality, then:
1. causing a list of the plurality to be displayed on the second display; or
2. causing a browser on the second display to load and launch a registration website for the service corresponding to the identifier. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second display application is a web application, wherein the identifier of a service to be directly launched includes a URL corresponding to the service, and wherein the transmitted signal includes JavaScript code. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the second display application is a native remote controller application. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the identifier of a service to be directly launched includes category information, such that when the service to be directly launched is caused to be displayed on the second display, the displayed service is limited to the category. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein upon receipt of the identifier of the service to be directly launched, retrieving an advertisement associated with the identifier of the service to be directly launched, and causing the advertisement to be launched on the second display. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein the second display is a tablet computer, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, an internet appliance, or a computing device with internet access. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein the session is associated with a user account, the user account having associated therewith a plurality of services. 24. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, comprising instructions for causing a computing device to implement the method of claim 17. | 2,100 |
4,362 | 14,307,567 | 2,176 | Embodiments include a system, computer-implemented method and computer program product for processing an image document. According to one embodiment, the method includes determining coordinates of an area defined by a region in the image document and generating a preference data based on the coordinates of the area and identification information of a user associated with the selected region. The method also includes associating the preference data with a setting and storing the preference data as a content element in a document object of the image document. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
determining coordinates of an area defined by a region in an image document; generating a preference data based on the coordinates of the area and an identification information of a user associated with the region; and associating the preference data with a setting. 2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the setting and the preference data are stored as a content element in a document object of the image document. 3. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, further comprising modulating values of at least a sub-set of pixels within the area based on the setting associated with the preference data. 4. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, wherein the modulated values of at least the sub-set of pixels are modulated for masking the region in the image document. 5. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, wherein the modulated values of at least the sub-set of pixels are modulated to represent an additional image such that the region in the image document is masked. 6. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, wherein the modulated values of at least said sub-set of pixels are modulated for enhancing the region in the image document. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, wherein the setting includes a filter and the modulated values of at least said sub-set of pixels are modulated responsive to the filter. 8. A computer program product for managing outbound transaction, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having program instructions executable by a computer system stored thereon, the program instructions being operable to:
determine coordinates of an area defined by a region in the image document;
generate a preference data based on the coordinates of the area and an identification information of a user associated with the selected region; and
associate the preference data with a setting. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the program instructions are further operable to store the setting and the preference as a content element in a document object of the image document. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the program instructions are further operable to modulate values of at least a sub-set of pixels within the area based on the setting associated with the preference data. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the program instructions are further operable to modulate values of at least the sub-set of pixels for masking the region in the image document. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the program instructions are further operable to modulate values of at least the sub-set of pixels to represent an additional image such that the region in the image document is masked. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the program instructions are further operable to modulate values of at least said sub-set of pixels for enhancing the region in the image document. | Embodiments include a system, computer-implemented method and computer program product for processing an image document. According to one embodiment, the method includes determining coordinates of an area defined by a region in the image document and generating a preference data based on the coordinates of the area and identification information of a user associated with the selected region. The method also includes associating the preference data with a setting and storing the preference data as a content element in a document object of the image document.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
determining coordinates of an area defined by a region in an image document; generating a preference data based on the coordinates of the area and an identification information of a user associated with the region; and associating the preference data with a setting. 2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the setting and the preference data are stored as a content element in a document object of the image document. 3. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, further comprising modulating values of at least a sub-set of pixels within the area based on the setting associated with the preference data. 4. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, wherein the modulated values of at least the sub-set of pixels are modulated for masking the region in the image document. 5. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, wherein the modulated values of at least the sub-set of pixels are modulated to represent an additional image such that the region in the image document is masked. 6. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, wherein the modulated values of at least said sub-set of pixels are modulated for enhancing the region in the image document. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 3, wherein the setting includes a filter and the modulated values of at least said sub-set of pixels are modulated responsive to the filter. 8. A computer program product for managing outbound transaction, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having program instructions executable by a computer system stored thereon, the program instructions being operable to:
determine coordinates of an area defined by a region in the image document;
generate a preference data based on the coordinates of the area and an identification information of a user associated with the selected region; and
associate the preference data with a setting. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the program instructions are further operable to store the setting and the preference as a content element in a document object of the image document. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the program instructions are further operable to modulate values of at least a sub-set of pixels within the area based on the setting associated with the preference data. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the program instructions are further operable to modulate values of at least the sub-set of pixels for masking the region in the image document. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the program instructions are further operable to modulate values of at least the sub-set of pixels to represent an additional image such that the region in the image document is masked. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the program instructions are further operable to modulate values of at least said sub-set of pixels for enhancing the region in the image document. | 2,100 |
4,363 | 14,117,891 | 2,171 | The present invention provides a content player allowing a user to select content to view using a viewing history of content viewed by another user. The content player performs a content playing process in response to a user instruction. The content player acquires viewing history information about content viewed by a related user related to the user with a content player different from the content player. The content player presents, to the user, the acquired viewing history information. The content player performs, if the user selects the presented viewing history information, a playing process of content indicated by the selected viewing history information. | 1. A content player configured to perform a content playing process in response to an instruction by a user, the content player comprising:
viewing history information acquisition means of acquiring viewing history information about content viewed by a related user related to the user with a content player different from the content player; viewing history information presentation means of presenting, to the user, the viewing history information about content viewed by the related user acquired by the viewing history information acquisition means; and content playing means of performing, if the user selects the viewing history information presented by the viewing history information presentation means, a playing process of content indicated by the selected viewing history information. 2. The content player of claim 1, wherein
the viewing history information includes interruption state information indicating a content playing state at the time of interruption if the playing of content by the different content player is interrupted, and the content playing means starts the playing of the content from a state determined in accordance with the interruption state information included in the selected viewing history information. 3. The content player of claim 1, wherein
the viewing history information includes information about a joint viewing user who viewed content played by the different content player together with the related user, and the viewing history information presentation means presents, to the user, information included in the viewing history information and indicating the joint viewing user who viewed the content together with the related user. 4. The content player of claim 3, wherein
the viewing history information further includes viewing type information indicating in which mode the joint viewing user viewed the content together with the related user, and the viewing history information presentation means presents, to the user, in which mode the joint viewing user viewed the content together with the related user, in accordance with the viewing type information. 5. A content viewing management system comprising:
a plurality of content players; and a viewing history management server connected to each of the plurality of content players, wherein each of the plurality of content players includes content playing process means of performing a content playing process in response to an instruction by a user, viewing history information transmission means of transmitting viewing history information indicating the result of the content playing process to the viewing history management server, viewing history information presentation means of receiving the viewing history information from the viewing history management server and presenting this information to the user, and content playing means of performing, if the user selects the viewing history information presented by the viewing history information presentation means, a playing process of content indicated by the selected viewing history information, the viewing history management server includes means of recording a plurality of pieces of viewing history information received from the plurality of content players, and means of transmitting, in response to a request from one of the plurality of content players, viewing history information about content viewed by a related user related to a user currently using the content player that made the request with a content player different from the content player that made the request, to the content player that made the request, and the viewing history information presentation means of the content player that made the request presents the viewing history information about content viewed by the related user received from the viewing history management server to the user currently using the content player that made the request. 6. A control method of a content player configured to perform a content playing process in response to an instruction by a user, the control method comprising:
a viewing history information acquisition step of acquiring viewing history information about content viewed by a related user related to the user with a content player different from the content player; a viewing history information presentation step of presenting, to the user, the viewing history information about content viewed by the related user acquired by the viewing history information acquisition step; and a content playing step of performing, if the user selects the viewing history information presented by the viewing history information presentation step, a playing process of content indicated by the selected viewing history information. 7. A computer-readable information storage medium storing a program adapted to control a content player configured to perform a content playing process in response to an instruction by a user, the program causing the content player to perform processes of:
acquiring viewing history information about content viewed by a related user related to the user with a content player different from the content player; presenting, to the user, the acquired viewing history information about content viewed by the related user; and playing, if the user selects the presented viewing history information, content indicated by the selected viewing history information. | The present invention provides a content player allowing a user to select content to view using a viewing history of content viewed by another user. The content player performs a content playing process in response to a user instruction. The content player acquires viewing history information about content viewed by a related user related to the user with a content player different from the content player. The content player presents, to the user, the acquired viewing history information. The content player performs, if the user selects the presented viewing history information, a playing process of content indicated by the selected viewing history information.1. A content player configured to perform a content playing process in response to an instruction by a user, the content player comprising:
viewing history information acquisition means of acquiring viewing history information about content viewed by a related user related to the user with a content player different from the content player; viewing history information presentation means of presenting, to the user, the viewing history information about content viewed by the related user acquired by the viewing history information acquisition means; and content playing means of performing, if the user selects the viewing history information presented by the viewing history information presentation means, a playing process of content indicated by the selected viewing history information. 2. The content player of claim 1, wherein
the viewing history information includes interruption state information indicating a content playing state at the time of interruption if the playing of content by the different content player is interrupted, and the content playing means starts the playing of the content from a state determined in accordance with the interruption state information included in the selected viewing history information. 3. The content player of claim 1, wherein
the viewing history information includes information about a joint viewing user who viewed content played by the different content player together with the related user, and the viewing history information presentation means presents, to the user, information included in the viewing history information and indicating the joint viewing user who viewed the content together with the related user. 4. The content player of claim 3, wherein
the viewing history information further includes viewing type information indicating in which mode the joint viewing user viewed the content together with the related user, and the viewing history information presentation means presents, to the user, in which mode the joint viewing user viewed the content together with the related user, in accordance with the viewing type information. 5. A content viewing management system comprising:
a plurality of content players; and a viewing history management server connected to each of the plurality of content players, wherein each of the plurality of content players includes content playing process means of performing a content playing process in response to an instruction by a user, viewing history information transmission means of transmitting viewing history information indicating the result of the content playing process to the viewing history management server, viewing history information presentation means of receiving the viewing history information from the viewing history management server and presenting this information to the user, and content playing means of performing, if the user selects the viewing history information presented by the viewing history information presentation means, a playing process of content indicated by the selected viewing history information, the viewing history management server includes means of recording a plurality of pieces of viewing history information received from the plurality of content players, and means of transmitting, in response to a request from one of the plurality of content players, viewing history information about content viewed by a related user related to a user currently using the content player that made the request with a content player different from the content player that made the request, to the content player that made the request, and the viewing history information presentation means of the content player that made the request presents the viewing history information about content viewed by the related user received from the viewing history management server to the user currently using the content player that made the request. 6. A control method of a content player configured to perform a content playing process in response to an instruction by a user, the control method comprising:
a viewing history information acquisition step of acquiring viewing history information about content viewed by a related user related to the user with a content player different from the content player; a viewing history information presentation step of presenting, to the user, the viewing history information about content viewed by the related user acquired by the viewing history information acquisition step; and a content playing step of performing, if the user selects the viewing history information presented by the viewing history information presentation step, a playing process of content indicated by the selected viewing history information. 7. A computer-readable information storage medium storing a program adapted to control a content player configured to perform a content playing process in response to an instruction by a user, the program causing the content player to perform processes of:
acquiring viewing history information about content viewed by a related user related to the user with a content player different from the content player; presenting, to the user, the acquired viewing history information about content viewed by the related user; and playing, if the user selects the presented viewing history information, content indicated by the selected viewing history information. | 2,100 |
4,364 | 12,450,528 | 2,163 | A monitoring system ( 1 ) comprises an interface ( 2 ) for receiving source alerts from at least one detection engine, a database ( 7 ) of historical events; and a classifier ( 3 ) for classifying received source alerts by linking a source alert with an historical event or a current source alert to provide a link, and providing said link as an output alert. The classifier comprises match methods ( 9 ) for processing source alerts and generating a score for extent of matching of a source alert with an historical event or current source alert, a voting engine ( 4 ) for weighting scores from the match methods ( 9 ), and a linking function ( 6 ) for determining that there is a link if a combination of the weighted outputs of a plurality of match methods exceeds a threshold. At least some match methods ( 9 ) are each associated with a specific field of a source alert such as a numerical value field or a name field of a source alert. A feedback function ( 6 ) notifies a case management system ( 5 ) of links, and the voting engine ( 4 ) receives from the case management system ( 5 ) feedback ( 11 ) of success of each match method ( 9 ), and adjusts match method weights ( 12 ) accordingly. | 1-24. (canceled) 25. A monitoring system comprising:
an interface for receiving source alerts from at least one detection engine, a database of historical events; a classifier for classifying received source alerts by linking a source alert with an historical event or a current source alert to provide a link, and providing said link as an output alert, wherein the classifier comprises:
a plurality of match methods for processing source alerts and generating a score for extent of matching of a source alert with an historical event or current source alert,
a voting engine for weighting scores from the match methods,
a linking function for determining that there is a link if a combination of the weighted outputs of a plurality of match methods exceeds a threshold. 26. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, wherein:
at least some match methods are each associated with a specific field of a source alert, a match method processes a numerical value field of a source alert, a match method processes a name field of a source alert, and a match method processes risk quantifiers in source alerts. 27. The system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the voting engine is adapted to apply linear or non-linear functions to determine weights. 28. The system as claimed in claim 25, wherein:
the system comprises a feedback function for notifying a case management system of links, the voting engine comprises a function for receiving from the case management system feedback of success of each match method, and for adjusting match method weights accordingly, the voting engine is adapted to initialize a plurality of match method weights to be equal and to vary them according to success of each individual match method in identifying links, and said feedback includes a number of false positives and a number of false negatives. 29. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the voting engine is adapted to lock score registers so that they can not be simultaneously accessed by more than one user, thus preserving the integrity of the data in the register 30. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 28, further comprising a timer to periodically trigger a process to query the historical event database to extract a set of records which are passed through the classifier, scored by the voting engine and linked together before being passed to the case management system, and wherein the timer is adapted to inspect the database and extract a set of grouped events according to search criteria, and the classifier is adapted to compare a source alert with other members of the group using a set of match methods, and wherein the linking function is adapted to insert a new database record comprising a unique key of the group, and a unique key for each linked alert, and a flag to indicate that the alerts are linked. 31. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the interface comprises an adapter for normalizing the source alerts, and wherein the adapter performs source alert validation, and wherein the adapter adds data to a source alert, and wherein the adapter dynamically retrieves data from a database to add to a source alert, and wherein the system comprises means for routing a source alert directly to the classifier, by-passing the adapter. 32. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the interface comprises an adapter for normalizing the source alerts, and wherein:
the adapter performs source alert validation, and the adapter adds data to a source alert, and the adapter dynamically retrieves data from a database to add to a source alert, the system is adapted to route a source alert directly to the classifier, by-passing the adapter; and the system is adapted to instantiate adapter objects including memory buffers to temporarily hold messages until they can be processed. 33. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, wherein:
the interface comprises an adapter for normalizing the source alerts, and wherein the adapter performs source alert validation, and the adapter adds data to a source alert, and the adapter dynamically retrieves data from a database to add to a source alert, the system comprises means for routing a source alert directly to the classifier, by-passing the adapter; the system is adapted to instantiate adapter objects including memory buffers to temporarily hold messages until they can be processed; and each adapter object is adapted to fetch messages from a memory buffer and to execute a set of logical routines on individual fields of each source alert to perform validation of fields of the source alert to check that they meet quality tests. 34. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, wherein:
the system comprises a feedback function for notifying a case management system of links, the voting engine comprises a function for receiving from the case management system feedback of success of each match method, and for adjusting match method weights accordingly, the voting engine is adapted to initialize a plurality of match method weights to be equal and to vary them according to success of each individual match method in identifying links, and said feedback includes a number of false positives and a number of false negatives; and wherein said routines perform transformation of individual source alert fields into a required format or create additional fields which are combinations of existing fields. 35. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, further comprising a configuration function for configuring at least one of the components of the system, including the classifier. 36. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, further comprising a case management system for transmitting feedback to the classifier, and wherein:
the system comprises a feedback function for notifying a case management system of links, the voting engine comprises a function for receiving from the case management system feedback of success of each match method, and for adjusting match method weights accordingly, the voting engine is adapted to initialize a plurality of match method weights to be equal and to vary them according to success of each individual match method in identifying links, and said feedback includes a number of false positives and a number of false negatives 37. The computer readable medium comprising software code for performing interface and classifier operations of a monitoring system of claim 25 when executing on a digital processor. | A monitoring system ( 1 ) comprises an interface ( 2 ) for receiving source alerts from at least one detection engine, a database ( 7 ) of historical events; and a classifier ( 3 ) for classifying received source alerts by linking a source alert with an historical event or a current source alert to provide a link, and providing said link as an output alert. The classifier comprises match methods ( 9 ) for processing source alerts and generating a score for extent of matching of a source alert with an historical event or current source alert, a voting engine ( 4 ) for weighting scores from the match methods ( 9 ), and a linking function ( 6 ) for determining that there is a link if a combination of the weighted outputs of a plurality of match methods exceeds a threshold. At least some match methods ( 9 ) are each associated with a specific field of a source alert such as a numerical value field or a name field of a source alert. A feedback function ( 6 ) notifies a case management system ( 5 ) of links, and the voting engine ( 4 ) receives from the case management system ( 5 ) feedback ( 11 ) of success of each match method ( 9 ), and adjusts match method weights ( 12 ) accordingly.1-24. (canceled) 25. A monitoring system comprising:
an interface for receiving source alerts from at least one detection engine, a database of historical events; a classifier for classifying received source alerts by linking a source alert with an historical event or a current source alert to provide a link, and providing said link as an output alert, wherein the classifier comprises:
a plurality of match methods for processing source alerts and generating a score for extent of matching of a source alert with an historical event or current source alert,
a voting engine for weighting scores from the match methods,
a linking function for determining that there is a link if a combination of the weighted outputs of a plurality of match methods exceeds a threshold. 26. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, wherein:
at least some match methods are each associated with a specific field of a source alert, a match method processes a numerical value field of a source alert, a match method processes a name field of a source alert, and a match method processes risk quantifiers in source alerts. 27. The system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the voting engine is adapted to apply linear or non-linear functions to determine weights. 28. The system as claimed in claim 25, wherein:
the system comprises a feedback function for notifying a case management system of links, the voting engine comprises a function for receiving from the case management system feedback of success of each match method, and for adjusting match method weights accordingly, the voting engine is adapted to initialize a plurality of match method weights to be equal and to vary them according to success of each individual match method in identifying links, and said feedback includes a number of false positives and a number of false negatives. 29. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the voting engine is adapted to lock score registers so that they can not be simultaneously accessed by more than one user, thus preserving the integrity of the data in the register 30. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 28, further comprising a timer to periodically trigger a process to query the historical event database to extract a set of records which are passed through the classifier, scored by the voting engine and linked together before being passed to the case management system, and wherein the timer is adapted to inspect the database and extract a set of grouped events according to search criteria, and the classifier is adapted to compare a source alert with other members of the group using a set of match methods, and wherein the linking function is adapted to insert a new database record comprising a unique key of the group, and a unique key for each linked alert, and a flag to indicate that the alerts are linked. 31. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the interface comprises an adapter for normalizing the source alerts, and wherein the adapter performs source alert validation, and wherein the adapter adds data to a source alert, and wherein the adapter dynamically retrieves data from a database to add to a source alert, and wherein the system comprises means for routing a source alert directly to the classifier, by-passing the adapter. 32. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the interface comprises an adapter for normalizing the source alerts, and wherein:
the adapter performs source alert validation, and the adapter adds data to a source alert, and the adapter dynamically retrieves data from a database to add to a source alert, the system is adapted to route a source alert directly to the classifier, by-passing the adapter; and the system is adapted to instantiate adapter objects including memory buffers to temporarily hold messages until they can be processed. 33. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, wherein:
the interface comprises an adapter for normalizing the source alerts, and wherein the adapter performs source alert validation, and the adapter adds data to a source alert, and the adapter dynamically retrieves data from a database to add to a source alert, the system comprises means for routing a source alert directly to the classifier, by-passing the adapter; the system is adapted to instantiate adapter objects including memory buffers to temporarily hold messages until they can be processed; and each adapter object is adapted to fetch messages from a memory buffer and to execute a set of logical routines on individual fields of each source alert to perform validation of fields of the source alert to check that they meet quality tests. 34. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, wherein:
the system comprises a feedback function for notifying a case management system of links, the voting engine comprises a function for receiving from the case management system feedback of success of each match method, and for adjusting match method weights accordingly, the voting engine is adapted to initialize a plurality of match method weights to be equal and to vary them according to success of each individual match method in identifying links, and said feedback includes a number of false positives and a number of false negatives; and wherein said routines perform transformation of individual source alert fields into a required format or create additional fields which are combinations of existing fields. 35. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, further comprising a configuration function for configuring at least one of the components of the system, including the classifier. 36. The monitoring system as claimed in claim 25, further comprising a case management system for transmitting feedback to the classifier, and wherein:
the system comprises a feedback function for notifying a case management system of links, the voting engine comprises a function for receiving from the case management system feedback of success of each match method, and for adjusting match method weights accordingly, the voting engine is adapted to initialize a plurality of match method weights to be equal and to vary them according to success of each individual match method in identifying links, and said feedback includes a number of false positives and a number of false negatives 37. The computer readable medium comprising software code for performing interface and classifier operations of a monitoring system of claim 25 when executing on a digital processor. | 2,100 |
4,365 | 14,494,987 | 2,143 | A content sharing method is provided. The content sharing method is performed by a display device connected to at least one user terminal. The content sharing method includes displaying content on the display device, receiving information included in a transparent layer of a first user terminal among the at least one user terminal from the first user terminal, and overlapping the transparent layer, including the information received from the first user terminal, on the displayed content. | 1. A content sharing method performed by a display device connected to at least one user terminal, the content sharing method comprising:
displaying content on the display device; receiving information included in a transparent layer of a first user terminal among the at least one user terminal from the first user terminal; and overlapping the transparent layer of the first user terminal, including the information received from the first user terminal, on the displayed content, wherein the at least one user terminal outputs the content to share a screen displayed on the display device. 2. The content sharing method of claim 1, wherein the information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal comprises first handwritten information that is input to the first user terminal. 3. The content sharing method of claim 1, further comprising: providing the information received from the first user terminal to a second user terminal that outputs the displayed content. 4. The content sharing method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving information included in a transparent layer of the second user terminal from the second user terminal, wherein the information received from the second user terminal comprises second handwritten information that is input to the second user terminal. 5. The content sharing method of claim 4, further comprising:
overlapping the transparent layer of the second user terminal, including the information received from the second user terminal, on the content on which the transparent layer of the first user terminal, including the information received from the first user terminal, overlaps. 6. The content sharing method of claim 4, further comprising:
displaying a first button for receiving an input of selecting the information received from the first user terminal and a second button for receiving an input of selecting the information received from the second user terminal on the display device, wherein the overlapping of the transparent layer of the first user terminal, including the information received from the first user terminal, on the displayed content comprises: when information for selecting the first button is input to the display device, overlapping the transparent layer of the first user terminal, including the information received from the first user terminal, on the displayed content. 7. The content sharing method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving a transparent layer output request from the first user terminal; and displaying the first and second buttons to be distinguished from each other when the transparent layer output request from the first user terminal is received. 8. The content sharing method of claim 6, wherein the first button indicates identification information of the first user terminal, and the second button indicates identification information of the second user terminal. 9. The content sharing method of claim 1, further comprising, if third handwritten information is input with respect to the transparent layer of the first user terminal that overlaps on the displayed content, transmitting the third handwritten information to the first user terminal. 10. A content sharing method performed by a first user terminal that outputs content to share a screen displayed on a display device, the content sharing method comprising:
displaying the content on the first user terminal; overlapping a transparent layer of the first user terminal, including first handwritten information that is input to the first user terminal, on the displayed content transmitting the first handwritten information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal to the display device. 11. The content sharing method of claim 10, wherein the transmitting of the first handwritten information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal to the display device comprises: determining a property of the transparent layer of the first user terminal and transmitting the first handwritten information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal to the display device according to the property of the transparent layer of the first user terminal, and
wherein the property of the transparent layer of the first user terminal indicates if the transparent layer of the first user terminal is shareable. 12. The content sharing method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving information included in a transparent layer of a second user terminal among at least one terminal from the display device; and overlapping the information received from the display device on the displayed content, wherein the information received from the display device comprises second handwritten information that is input to the second user terminal. 13. The content sharing method of claim 12, wherein the overlapping of the information received from the display device on the displayed content comprises:
replacing the information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal with the information received from the display device. 14. The content sharing method of claim 10, wherein the information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal further comprises identification information of the first user terminal. 15. The content sharing method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving third handwritten information that is input with respect to a transparent layer of the display device from the display device; and updating the transparent layer of the display device that overlaps the content based on the third handwritten information. 16. A display device for sharing content with at least one user terminal, the display device comprising:
a display unit configured to display the content; a communication unit configured to receive information included in a transparent layer of a first user terminal among the at least one user terminal from the first user terminal; and a control unit configured to control the display unit to overlap the transparent layer of the first user terminal, including the information received from the first user terminal, on the displayed content, wherein the at least one user terminal outputs the content to share a screen displayed on the display device. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein the information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal comprises first handwritten information that is input to the first user terminal. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein the communication unit is further configured to provide the information received from the first user terminal to a second user terminal that outputs the displayed content. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the communication unit is further configured to receive information included in a transparent layer of the second user terminal from the second user terminal, and
wherein the information received from the second user terminal comprises second handwritten information that is input to the second user terminal. 20. The display device of claim 19, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the display unit to overlap the transparent layer of the second user terminal, including the information received from the second user terminal, on the content. 21. The display device of claim 19, wherein the display unit is further configured to display a first button for receiving an input of selecting the information received from the first user terminal and a second button for receiving an input of selecting the information received from the second user terminal, and
wherein, when information for selecting the first button is input, the control unit is further configured to control the display unit to overlap the transparent layer of the first user terminal, including the information received from the first user terminal, on the displayed content. 22. The display device of claim 21, wherein the communication unit is further configured to receive a transparent layer output request from the first user terminal, and
wherein the control unit is further configured to control the display unit to display the first and second buttons to be distinguished from each other when the transparent layer output request is received. 23. The display device of claim 21, wherein the first button indicates identification information of the first user terminal, and the second button indicates identification information of the second user terminal. 24. The display device of claim 17, wherein, if third handwritten information is input to the transparent layer of the first user terminal that overlaps on the displayed content, the control unit transmits the third handwritten information to the first user terminal. 25. A first user terminal that outputs content to share a screen displayed on a display device, the first user terminal comprising:
a display unit configured to display the content; a control unit configured to control the display unit to overlap a transparent layer of the first user terminal, including first handwritten information that is input to the first user terminal, on the displayed content a communication unit configured to transmit the first handwritten information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal to the display device. 26. The first user terminal of claim 25, wherein the control unit is further configured to determine a property of the transparent layer and to control the communication unit to transmit the first handwritten information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal to the display device according to the property of the transparent layer of the first user terminal,
wherein the property of the transparent layer of the first user terminal indicates if the transparent layer of the first user terminal is shareable. 27. The first user terminal of claim 25, wherein the communication unit is further configured to receive information included in a transparent layer of a second user terminal among at least one terminal from the display device,
wherein the control unit is further configured to control the display unit to overlap the information received from the display device on the content, and wherein the information received from the display device comprises second handwritten information that is input to the second user terminal. 28. The first user terminal of claim 27, wherein the control unit is further configured to replace the information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal that overlaps the content with the information received from the display device. 29. The first user terminal of claim 25, wherein the information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal further comprises identification information of the first user terminal. 30. The first user terminal of claim 25, wherein the communication unit is further configured to receive third handwritten information that is input to a transparent layer of the display device from the display device, and
wherein the control unit is further configured to update the transparent layer of the first user terminal that overlaps the content, based on the third handwritten information. 31. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a computer program for executing the method of claim 1. 32. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a computer program for executing the method of claim 10. | A content sharing method is provided. The content sharing method is performed by a display device connected to at least one user terminal. The content sharing method includes displaying content on the display device, receiving information included in a transparent layer of a first user terminal among the at least one user terminal from the first user terminal, and overlapping the transparent layer, including the information received from the first user terminal, on the displayed content.1. A content sharing method performed by a display device connected to at least one user terminal, the content sharing method comprising:
displaying content on the display device; receiving information included in a transparent layer of a first user terminal among the at least one user terminal from the first user terminal; and overlapping the transparent layer of the first user terminal, including the information received from the first user terminal, on the displayed content, wherein the at least one user terminal outputs the content to share a screen displayed on the display device. 2. The content sharing method of claim 1, wherein the information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal comprises first handwritten information that is input to the first user terminal. 3. The content sharing method of claim 1, further comprising: providing the information received from the first user terminal to a second user terminal that outputs the displayed content. 4. The content sharing method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving information included in a transparent layer of the second user terminal from the second user terminal, wherein the information received from the second user terminal comprises second handwritten information that is input to the second user terminal. 5. The content sharing method of claim 4, further comprising:
overlapping the transparent layer of the second user terminal, including the information received from the second user terminal, on the content on which the transparent layer of the first user terminal, including the information received from the first user terminal, overlaps. 6. The content sharing method of claim 4, further comprising:
displaying a first button for receiving an input of selecting the information received from the first user terminal and a second button for receiving an input of selecting the information received from the second user terminal on the display device, wherein the overlapping of the transparent layer of the first user terminal, including the information received from the first user terminal, on the displayed content comprises: when information for selecting the first button is input to the display device, overlapping the transparent layer of the first user terminal, including the information received from the first user terminal, on the displayed content. 7. The content sharing method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving a transparent layer output request from the first user terminal; and displaying the first and second buttons to be distinguished from each other when the transparent layer output request from the first user terminal is received. 8. The content sharing method of claim 6, wherein the first button indicates identification information of the first user terminal, and the second button indicates identification information of the second user terminal. 9. The content sharing method of claim 1, further comprising, if third handwritten information is input with respect to the transparent layer of the first user terminal that overlaps on the displayed content, transmitting the third handwritten information to the first user terminal. 10. A content sharing method performed by a first user terminal that outputs content to share a screen displayed on a display device, the content sharing method comprising:
displaying the content on the first user terminal; overlapping a transparent layer of the first user terminal, including first handwritten information that is input to the first user terminal, on the displayed content transmitting the first handwritten information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal to the display device. 11. The content sharing method of claim 10, wherein the transmitting of the first handwritten information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal to the display device comprises: determining a property of the transparent layer of the first user terminal and transmitting the first handwritten information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal to the display device according to the property of the transparent layer of the first user terminal, and
wherein the property of the transparent layer of the first user terminal indicates if the transparent layer of the first user terminal is shareable. 12. The content sharing method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving information included in a transparent layer of a second user terminal among at least one terminal from the display device; and overlapping the information received from the display device on the displayed content, wherein the information received from the display device comprises second handwritten information that is input to the second user terminal. 13. The content sharing method of claim 12, wherein the overlapping of the information received from the display device on the displayed content comprises:
replacing the information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal with the information received from the display device. 14. The content sharing method of claim 10, wherein the information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal further comprises identification information of the first user terminal. 15. The content sharing method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving third handwritten information that is input with respect to a transparent layer of the display device from the display device; and updating the transparent layer of the display device that overlaps the content based on the third handwritten information. 16. A display device for sharing content with at least one user terminal, the display device comprising:
a display unit configured to display the content; a communication unit configured to receive information included in a transparent layer of a first user terminal among the at least one user terminal from the first user terminal; and a control unit configured to control the display unit to overlap the transparent layer of the first user terminal, including the information received from the first user terminal, on the displayed content, wherein the at least one user terminal outputs the content to share a screen displayed on the display device. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein the information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal comprises first handwritten information that is input to the first user terminal. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein the communication unit is further configured to provide the information received from the first user terminal to a second user terminal that outputs the displayed content. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the communication unit is further configured to receive information included in a transparent layer of the second user terminal from the second user terminal, and
wherein the information received from the second user terminal comprises second handwritten information that is input to the second user terminal. 20. The display device of claim 19, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the display unit to overlap the transparent layer of the second user terminal, including the information received from the second user terminal, on the content. 21. The display device of claim 19, wherein the display unit is further configured to display a first button for receiving an input of selecting the information received from the first user terminal and a second button for receiving an input of selecting the information received from the second user terminal, and
wherein, when information for selecting the first button is input, the control unit is further configured to control the display unit to overlap the transparent layer of the first user terminal, including the information received from the first user terminal, on the displayed content. 22. The display device of claim 21, wherein the communication unit is further configured to receive a transparent layer output request from the first user terminal, and
wherein the control unit is further configured to control the display unit to display the first and second buttons to be distinguished from each other when the transparent layer output request is received. 23. The display device of claim 21, wherein the first button indicates identification information of the first user terminal, and the second button indicates identification information of the second user terminal. 24. The display device of claim 17, wherein, if third handwritten information is input to the transparent layer of the first user terminal that overlaps on the displayed content, the control unit transmits the third handwritten information to the first user terminal. 25. A first user terminal that outputs content to share a screen displayed on a display device, the first user terminal comprising:
a display unit configured to display the content; a control unit configured to control the display unit to overlap a transparent layer of the first user terminal, including first handwritten information that is input to the first user terminal, on the displayed content a communication unit configured to transmit the first handwritten information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal to the display device. 26. The first user terminal of claim 25, wherein the control unit is further configured to determine a property of the transparent layer and to control the communication unit to transmit the first handwritten information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal to the display device according to the property of the transparent layer of the first user terminal,
wherein the property of the transparent layer of the first user terminal indicates if the transparent layer of the first user terminal is shareable. 27. The first user terminal of claim 25, wherein the communication unit is further configured to receive information included in a transparent layer of a second user terminal among at least one terminal from the display device,
wherein the control unit is further configured to control the display unit to overlap the information received from the display device on the content, and wherein the information received from the display device comprises second handwritten information that is input to the second user terminal. 28. The first user terminal of claim 27, wherein the control unit is further configured to replace the information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal that overlaps the content with the information received from the display device. 29. The first user terminal of claim 25, wherein the information included in the transparent layer of the first user terminal further comprises identification information of the first user terminal. 30. The first user terminal of claim 25, wherein the communication unit is further configured to receive third handwritten information that is input to a transparent layer of the display device from the display device, and
wherein the control unit is further configured to update the transparent layer of the first user terminal that overlaps the content, based on the third handwritten information. 31. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a computer program for executing the method of claim 1. 32. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a computer program for executing the method of claim 10. | 2,100 |
4,366 | 14,029,237 | 2,164 | A method, system and computer-usable medium are disclosed for improved point-in-time copying of data within an asynchronous data mirroring environment. A first establish for a first point-in-time copying process is generated, followed by submission of a request to initiate an asynchronous data mirroring process associated with the first point-in-time copying process. In response, a point-in-time establish reservation is generated for a second point-in-time copying process. If it is not possible to successfully perform the second point-in-time copying process, then the point-in-time establish reservation is cancelled and the first point-in-time copy establish is failed. Otherwise, the point-in-time establish reservation is then used to generate an establish for the second point-in-time copying process, which is then initiated. | 1. A computer-implemented method for data mirroring, comprising:
receiving a request to initiate an asynchronous data mirroring operation associated with a first point-in-time copying process; processing a first set of establish data to generate a point-in-time establish reservation, the first set of establish data associated with the first point-in-time copying process establish; using the point-in-time establish reservation to generate a second set of establish data if the second point-in-time copying process can be performed; and using the second set of establish data to initiate a second point-in-time copying process. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first point-in-time copying process establish is failed if the second point-in-time copying process cannot be performed. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second point-in-time copying process cannot be performed due to at least one member of the set of:
insufficient point-in-time copying resources; unavailability of point-in-time copying resources; exceeding the number of supported point-in-time copying instances; inability to access needed storage control structures; and violation of a configuration restriction. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is assigned a point-in-time copy sequence number configured to coordinate a corresponding point-in-time copying process establish check-in. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is synchronously established with the first point-in-time copying process establish. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is synchronously established over a Peer-To-Peer Remote Copy (PRCC) link. 7. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a computer-usable medium embodying computer program code, the computer-usable medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code used for data mirroring and comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
with a first point-in-time copying process;
processing a first set of establish data to generate a point-in-time establish reservation, the first set of establish data associated with the first point-in-time copying process establish;
using the point-in-time establish reservation to generate a second set of establish data if the second point-in-time copying process can be performed; and
using the second set of establish data to initiate a second point-in-time copying process. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the first point-in-time copying process establish is failed if the second point-in-time copying process cannot be performed. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the second point-in-time copying process cannot be performed due to at least one member of the set of:
insufficient point-in-time copying resources; unavailability of point-in-time copying resources; exceeding the number of supported point-in-time copying instances; inability to access needed storage control structures; and violation of a configuration restriction. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is assigned a point-in-time copy sequence number configured to coordinate a corresponding point-in-time copying process establish check-in. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is synchronously established with the first point-in-time copying process establish. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is synchronously established over a Peer-To-Peer Remote Copy (PRCC) link. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
receiving a request to initiate an asynchronous data mirroring operation associated with a first point-in-time copying process; processing a first set of establish data to generate a point-in-time establish reservation, the first set of establish data associated with the first point-in-time copying process establish; using the point-in-time establish reservation to generate a second set of establish data if the second point-in-time copying process can be performed; and using the second set of establish data to initiate a second point-in-time copying process. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the first point-in-time copying process establish is failed if the second point-in-time copying process cannot be performed. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the second point-in-time copying process cannot be performed due to at least one member of the set of:
insufficient point-in-time copying resources; unavailability of point-in-time copying resources; exceeding the number of supported point-in-time copying instances; inability to access needed storage control structures; and violation of a configuration restriction. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is assigned a point-in-time copy sequence number configured to coordinate a corresponding point-in-time copying process establish check-in. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is synchronously established with the first point-in-time copying process establish. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is synchronously established over a Peer-To-Peer Remote Copy (PRCC) 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are deployable to a client system from a server system at a remote location. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are provided by a service provider to a user on an on-demand basis. | A method, system and computer-usable medium are disclosed for improved point-in-time copying of data within an asynchronous data mirroring environment. A first establish for a first point-in-time copying process is generated, followed by submission of a request to initiate an asynchronous data mirroring process associated with the first point-in-time copying process. In response, a point-in-time establish reservation is generated for a second point-in-time copying process. If it is not possible to successfully perform the second point-in-time copying process, then the point-in-time establish reservation is cancelled and the first point-in-time copy establish is failed. Otherwise, the point-in-time establish reservation is then used to generate an establish for the second point-in-time copying process, which is then initiated.1. A computer-implemented method for data mirroring, comprising:
receiving a request to initiate an asynchronous data mirroring operation associated with a first point-in-time copying process; processing a first set of establish data to generate a point-in-time establish reservation, the first set of establish data associated with the first point-in-time copying process establish; using the point-in-time establish reservation to generate a second set of establish data if the second point-in-time copying process can be performed; and using the second set of establish data to initiate a second point-in-time copying process. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first point-in-time copying process establish is failed if the second point-in-time copying process cannot be performed. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second point-in-time copying process cannot be performed due to at least one member of the set of:
insufficient point-in-time copying resources; unavailability of point-in-time copying resources; exceeding the number of supported point-in-time copying instances; inability to access needed storage control structures; and violation of a configuration restriction. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is assigned a point-in-time copy sequence number configured to coordinate a corresponding point-in-time copying process establish check-in. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is synchronously established with the first point-in-time copying process establish. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is synchronously established over a Peer-To-Peer Remote Copy (PRCC) link. 7. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a computer-usable medium embodying computer program code, the computer-usable medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code used for data mirroring and comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
with a first point-in-time copying process;
processing a first set of establish data to generate a point-in-time establish reservation, the first set of establish data associated with the first point-in-time copying process establish;
using the point-in-time establish reservation to generate a second set of establish data if the second point-in-time copying process can be performed; and
using the second set of establish data to initiate a second point-in-time copying process. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the first point-in-time copying process establish is failed if the second point-in-time copying process cannot be performed. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the second point-in-time copying process cannot be performed due to at least one member of the set of:
insufficient point-in-time copying resources; unavailability of point-in-time copying resources; exceeding the number of supported point-in-time copying instances; inability to access needed storage control structures; and violation of a configuration restriction. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is assigned a point-in-time copy sequence number configured to coordinate a corresponding point-in-time copying process establish check-in. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is synchronously established with the first point-in-time copying process establish. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is synchronously established over a Peer-To-Peer Remote Copy (PRCC) link. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
receiving a request to initiate an asynchronous data mirroring operation associated with a first point-in-time copying process; processing a first set of establish data to generate a point-in-time establish reservation, the first set of establish data associated with the first point-in-time copying process establish; using the point-in-time establish reservation to generate a second set of establish data if the second point-in-time copying process can be performed; and using the second set of establish data to initiate a second point-in-time copying process. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the first point-in-time copying process establish is failed if the second point-in-time copying process cannot be performed. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the second point-in-time copying process cannot be performed due to at least one member of the set of:
insufficient point-in-time copying resources; unavailability of point-in-time copying resources; exceeding the number of supported point-in-time copying instances; inability to access needed storage control structures; and violation of a configuration restriction. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is assigned a point-in-time copy sequence number configured to coordinate a corresponding point-in-time copying process establish check-in. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is synchronously established with the first point-in-time copying process establish. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein:
the point-in-time establish reservation is synchronously established over a Peer-To-Peer Remote Copy (PRCC) 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are deployable to a client system from a server system at a remote location. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer executable instructions are provided by a service provider to a user on an on-demand basis. | 2,100 |
4,367 | 14,978,729 | 2,132 | A method includes receiving a write request to write a current data block to a Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) storage device. In response, the current data block is written to a current physical block in an open zone of the SMR storage device. A corresponding copy of the current data block is written to a nonvolatile memory. A determination is made of whether a wandering write error occurred during the writing of the data to the open zone. In response to the wandering write error occurring, for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that have the corresponding copy in the nonvolatile memory, the data in the physical block is validated using the corresponding copy. In response to validation, the data in the corresponding copy is written as corrected data for the physical block to a new zone in the SMR storage device. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving a write request to write a current data block to a Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) storage device; and in response to receiving the write request,
writing the current data block to a current physical block in an open zone of the SMR storage device, wherein the open zone includes a number of written physical blocks that include stored data;
writing a corresponding copy of the current data block to a nonvolatile memory that includes corresponding copies of previous data blocks that were written to the SMR storage device;
determining whether a wandering write error occurred during the writing of the current data block to the open zone; and
in response to the wandering write error occurring, and for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that have the corresponding copy in the nonvolatile memory,
validating data in the written physical block based on the corresponding copy; and
in response to the data in the written physical block not being validated, writing the data in the corresponding copy as corrected data for the written physical block to a new zone in the SMR storage device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wandering write error is independent of a wandering write error that wrote to physical blocks in the open zone not including the current physical block that do not include stored data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to the wandering write error occurring, for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that do not have a corresponding copy in the nonvolatile memory,
writing data from the number of written physical blocks in the open zone to a new zone in the SMR storage device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to the data in the written physical block being validated, writing the data in the written physical block to the new zone. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein validating the data in the written physical block comprises:
generating a first checksum across the data in the written physical block; generating a second checksum across data of the corresponding copy in the nonvolatile memory; and determining whether the first checksum equals the second checksum. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the corresponding copy of the current data block and the corresponding copies of the previous data blocks are written into a First In First Out (FIFO) data structure. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the wandering write error is generated in response to a vibration of the SMR storage device. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the wandering write error comprises a wandering write error that overwrote data from at least one of the number of written physical blocks that include stored data. 9. One or more machine-readable storage media having program code for storing data blocks in a Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) storage device stored therein, the program code comprising instructions to:
receive a write request to write a current data block to a Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) storage device; and in response to receipt of the write request,
write the current data block to a current physical block in an open zone of the SMR storage device, wherein the open zone includes a number of written physical blocks that include stored data;
write a corresponding copy of the current data block to a nonvolatile memory that includes corresponding copies of previous data blocks that were written to the SMR storage device;
determine whether a wandering write error occurred during the writing of the current data block to the open zone; and
in response to the wandering write error having occurred, and for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that have the corresponding copy in the nonvolatile memory,
validate data in the written physical block based on the data in the corresponding copy; and
in response to the data in the written physical block not being validated, write the data in the corresponding copy as corrected data for the written physical block to a new zone in the SMR storage device. 10. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the wandering write error is independent of a wandering write error that wrote to written physical blocks in the open zone not including the current physical block that do not include stored data. 11. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the program code comprises instructions to:
in response to the wandering write error occurring, for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that do not have the corresponding copy in the nonvolatile memory,
write data from the number of written physical blocks to a new zone in the SMR storage device. 12. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the program code comprises instructions to:
in response to the data in the written physical block being validated, write the data in the written physical block to the new zone. 13. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the program code comprising instructions to validate the data in the written physical block comprises program code having instructions to:
generate a first checksum across the data in the written physical block; generate a second checksum across data of the corresponding copy; and determine whether the first checksum equals the second checksum. 14. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the program code comprising instructions to write the corresponding copy of the current data block to the nonvolatile memory comprises program code having instructions to write the corresponding copy of the current data block to a First In First Out (FIFO) data structure that includes corresponding copies of previous data blocks that were written to the SMR storage device. 15. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the wandering write error is generated in response to a vibration of the SMR storage device. 16. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the wandering write error comprises a wandering write error that overwrote data from at least one of the number of written physical blocks that include stored data. 17. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; a Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) storage device; and a machine-readable medium having program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to,
receive a write request to write a current data block to the SMR storage device; and
in response to receipt of the write request,
write a current copy of the current data block to a nonvolatile memory that includes previous copies of previous data blocks that were written to the SMR storage device;
combine the current data block with any of the previous copies that have not yet been written to the SMR storage device to create combined blocks;
determine whether a size of the combined blocks is equal to or greater than a size of a physical block in the SMR storage device;
in response to the size of the combined blocks being equal to or greater than the size of the physical block, write at least part of the combined blocks equal to the size of the physical block to at least one physical block in an open zone of the SMR storage device,
wherein the open zone includes a number of written physical blocks that include stored data;
determine whether a wandering write error occurred during the writing of the combined blocks to the physical block; and
in response to the wandering write error having occurred,
for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that do not have a copy of in the nonvolatile memory, write data from the number of written physical blocks to a new zone in the SMR storage device; and
for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that have the copy in the nonvolatile memory,
validate the data in the physical block based on the data in the copy;
in response to the data in the physical block being validated, write the data in the physical block to the new zone; and
in response to the data in the physical block not being validated, write the data in the copy as corrected data for the physical block in the new zone. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the wandering write error is independent of a wandering write error that wrote to physical blocks in the open zone not including the current data block that do not include stored data. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to validate the data in the physical block comprises program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
generate a first checksum across the data in the physical block; generate a second checksum across data of the copy; and determine whether the first checksum equals the second checksum. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the current copy of the current data block and the previous copies of the previous data blocks are written into a First In First Out (FIFO) data structure. | A method includes receiving a write request to write a current data block to a Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) storage device. In response, the current data block is written to a current physical block in an open zone of the SMR storage device. A corresponding copy of the current data block is written to a nonvolatile memory. A determination is made of whether a wandering write error occurred during the writing of the data to the open zone. In response to the wandering write error occurring, for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that have the corresponding copy in the nonvolatile memory, the data in the physical block is validated using the corresponding copy. In response to validation, the data in the corresponding copy is written as corrected data for the physical block to a new zone in the SMR storage device.1. A method comprising:
receiving a write request to write a current data block to a Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) storage device; and in response to receiving the write request,
writing the current data block to a current physical block in an open zone of the SMR storage device, wherein the open zone includes a number of written physical blocks that include stored data;
writing a corresponding copy of the current data block to a nonvolatile memory that includes corresponding copies of previous data blocks that were written to the SMR storage device;
determining whether a wandering write error occurred during the writing of the current data block to the open zone; and
in response to the wandering write error occurring, and for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that have the corresponding copy in the nonvolatile memory,
validating data in the written physical block based on the corresponding copy; and
in response to the data in the written physical block not being validated, writing the data in the corresponding copy as corrected data for the written physical block to a new zone in the SMR storage device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wandering write error is independent of a wandering write error that wrote to physical blocks in the open zone not including the current physical block that do not include stored data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to the wandering write error occurring, for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that do not have a corresponding copy in the nonvolatile memory,
writing data from the number of written physical blocks in the open zone to a new zone in the SMR storage device. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein in response to the data in the written physical block being validated, writing the data in the written physical block to the new zone. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein validating the data in the written physical block comprises:
generating a first checksum across the data in the written physical block; generating a second checksum across data of the corresponding copy in the nonvolatile memory; and determining whether the first checksum equals the second checksum. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the corresponding copy of the current data block and the corresponding copies of the previous data blocks are written into a First In First Out (FIFO) data structure. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the wandering write error is generated in response to a vibration of the SMR storage device. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the wandering write error comprises a wandering write error that overwrote data from at least one of the number of written physical blocks that include stored data. 9. One or more machine-readable storage media having program code for storing data blocks in a Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) storage device stored therein, the program code comprising instructions to:
receive a write request to write a current data block to a Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) storage device; and in response to receipt of the write request,
write the current data block to a current physical block in an open zone of the SMR storage device, wherein the open zone includes a number of written physical blocks that include stored data;
write a corresponding copy of the current data block to a nonvolatile memory that includes corresponding copies of previous data blocks that were written to the SMR storage device;
determine whether a wandering write error occurred during the writing of the current data block to the open zone; and
in response to the wandering write error having occurred, and for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that have the corresponding copy in the nonvolatile memory,
validate data in the written physical block based on the data in the corresponding copy; and
in response to the data in the written physical block not being validated, write the data in the corresponding copy as corrected data for the written physical block to a new zone in the SMR storage device. 10. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the wandering write error is independent of a wandering write error that wrote to written physical blocks in the open zone not including the current physical block that do not include stored data. 11. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the program code comprises instructions to:
in response to the wandering write error occurring, for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that do not have the corresponding copy in the nonvolatile memory,
write data from the number of written physical blocks to a new zone in the SMR storage device. 12. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the program code comprises instructions to:
in response to the data in the written physical block being validated, write the data in the written physical block to the new zone. 13. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the program code comprising instructions to validate the data in the written physical block comprises program code having instructions to:
generate a first checksum across the data in the written physical block; generate a second checksum across data of the corresponding copy; and determine whether the first checksum equals the second checksum. 14. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the program code comprising instructions to write the corresponding copy of the current data block to the nonvolatile memory comprises program code having instructions to write the corresponding copy of the current data block to a First In First Out (FIFO) data structure that includes corresponding copies of previous data blocks that were written to the SMR storage device. 15. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the wandering write error is generated in response to a vibration of the SMR storage device. 16. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the wandering write error comprises a wandering write error that overwrote data from at least one of the number of written physical blocks that include stored data. 17. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; a Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) storage device; and a machine-readable medium having program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to,
receive a write request to write a current data block to the SMR storage device; and
in response to receipt of the write request,
write a current copy of the current data block to a nonvolatile memory that includes previous copies of previous data blocks that were written to the SMR storage device;
combine the current data block with any of the previous copies that have not yet been written to the SMR storage device to create combined blocks;
determine whether a size of the combined blocks is equal to or greater than a size of a physical block in the SMR storage device;
in response to the size of the combined blocks being equal to or greater than the size of the physical block, write at least part of the combined blocks equal to the size of the physical block to at least one physical block in an open zone of the SMR storage device,
wherein the open zone includes a number of written physical blocks that include stored data;
determine whether a wandering write error occurred during the writing of the combined blocks to the physical block; and
in response to the wandering write error having occurred,
for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that do not have a copy of in the nonvolatile memory, write data from the number of written physical blocks to a new zone in the SMR storage device; and
for each of the number of written physical blocks in the open zone that have the copy in the nonvolatile memory,
validate the data in the physical block based on the data in the copy;
in response to the data in the physical block being validated, write the data in the physical block to the new zone; and
in response to the data in the physical block not being validated, write the data in the copy as corrected data for the physical block in the new zone. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the wandering write error is independent of a wandering write error that wrote to physical blocks in the open zone not including the current data block that do not include stored data. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to validate the data in the physical block comprises program code executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
generate a first checksum across the data in the physical block; generate a second checksum across data of the copy; and determine whether the first checksum equals the second checksum. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the current copy of the current data block and the previous copies of the previous data blocks are written into a First In First Out (FIFO) data structure. | 2,100 |
4,368 | 14,665,379 | 2,191 | According to one embodiment of the present invention, a system for tracking control for computing tasks receives a reference to a control file specifying a computing task. The system submits the specified task for performance on a computing system in accordance with the control file and receives an identifier for the performance of the task. The system stores information associating the identifier and the reference, and, in response to receiving a request for information associated with the identifier, returns the associated reference. Embodiments of the present invention further include a method and computer program product for maintaining metadata for computing tasks in substantially the same manners described above. | 1-8. (canceled) 9. A system for tracking control for computing tasks comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
receive a reference to a control file specifying a computing task;
submit the specified task for performance on a computing system in accordance with the control file and receive an identifier for the performance of the task;
store information associating the identifier and the reference;
receive a request for information associated with the identifier and in response return the associated reference. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the performance of the task comprises storing output of the task and the output comprises the identifier. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine that the control file has been modified since the submitting of the specified task. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein returning the associated reference comprises returning an indication that the control file has been modified since the submitting of the specified task. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein submitting the computing system for performing the specified task comprises a mainframe computing system. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the control file is a Job Control Language (JCL) file. 15. A computer program product for tracking control for computing tasks comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith for execration on a processing system, the computer readable program code comprising computer readable program code configured to:
receive a reference to a control file specifying a computing task;
submit the specified task for performance on a computing system in accordance with the control file and receive an identifier for the performance of the task;
store information associating the identifier and the reference;
receive a request for information associated with the identifier and in response return the associated reference. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the performance of the task comprises storing output of the task and the output comprises the identifier. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine that the control file has been modified since the submitting of the specified task. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein returning the associated reference comprises returning an indication that the control file has been modified since the submitting of the specified task. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein submitting the computing system for performing the specified task comprises a mainframe computing system. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein the control file is a Job Control Language (JCL) file. | According to one embodiment of the present invention, a system for tracking control for computing tasks receives a reference to a control file specifying a computing task. The system submits the specified task for performance on a computing system in accordance with the control file and receives an identifier for the performance of the task. The system stores information associating the identifier and the reference, and, in response to receiving a request for information associated with the identifier, returns the associated reference. Embodiments of the present invention further include a method and computer program product for maintaining metadata for computing tasks in substantially the same manners described above.1-8. (canceled) 9. A system for tracking control for computing tasks comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
receive a reference to a control file specifying a computing task;
submit the specified task for performance on a computing system in accordance with the control file and receive an identifier for the performance of the task;
store information associating the identifier and the reference;
receive a request for information associated with the identifier and in response return the associated reference. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the performance of the task comprises storing output of the task and the output comprises the identifier. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine that the control file has been modified since the submitting of the specified task. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein returning the associated reference comprises returning an indication that the control file has been modified since the submitting of the specified task. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein submitting the computing system for performing the specified task comprises a mainframe computing system. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the control file is a Job Control Language (JCL) file. 15. A computer program product for tracking control for computing tasks comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith for execration on a processing system, the computer readable program code comprising computer readable program code configured to:
receive a reference to a control file specifying a computing task;
submit the specified task for performance on a computing system in accordance with the control file and receive an identifier for the performance of the task;
store information associating the identifier and the reference;
receive a request for information associated with the identifier and in response return the associated reference. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the performance of the task comprises storing output of the task and the output comprises the identifier. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine that the control file has been modified since the submitting of the specified task. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein returning the associated reference comprises returning an indication that the control file has been modified since the submitting of the specified task. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein submitting the computing system for performing the specified task comprises a mainframe computing system. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein the control file is a Job Control Language (JCL) file. | 2,100 |
4,369 | 13,827,265 | 2,141 | Updating graphical user interface elements. A method includes accessing a graphical user interface which includes an initial view including graphical elements. Each of the following are performed (in order) if determined to be applicable: (1) updating in the graphical user interface any pan elements that are outside of the initial view; (2) animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications; (3) performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface, including any moves, any additions, any removals and any changes for all updates except those already added in when updating any pan elements that are outside of the initial view and pan element removals that will not be visible in a final view; (4) animating any changes in the axes to the final view; and (5) updating any remaining elements that are now out of view. | 1. A method of updating graphical user interface elements in a fashion that is able to handle data being added to the user interface, data being removed from the user interface, or data being modified in the user interface, the method comprising:
accessing a graphical user interface, the graphical user interface displaying an initial view comprising graphical elements; for each of the following, determining whether or not to perform each act, and performing any of the following that are applicable to a given view scenario, in order:
(1) updating in the graphical user interface any pan elements that are outside of the initial view;
(2) animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications;
(3) performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface, including any moves, any additions, any removals and any changes for all updates except those already added in when updating any pan elements that are outside of the initial view and pan element removals that will not be visible in a final view;
(4) animating any changes in the axes to the final view; and
(5) updating any remaining elements that are now out of view. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface comprises performing the following, in order:
a. causing any elements being removed to disappear; b. moving any elements that are to be moved; c. causing any elements being added to appear; 3. The method of claim 2, wherein causing any elements being removed to disappear comprises causing any elements being removed to fade out of view. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein causing any elements being added to appear comprises causing any elements being added to fade into view. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of causing any elements being removed to disappear is performed concurrently with at least a portion of animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of causing any elements being added to appear is performed concurrently with at least a portion of animating any changes in the axes to the final view. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein updating any remaining elements that are now out of view comprises removing out of view elements. 8. A system for updating graphical user interface elements in a fashion that is able to handle data being added to the user interface, data being removed from the user interface, or data being modified in the user interface, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer readable media, wherein the one or more computer readable media comprise computer executable instructions that when executed by at least one of the one or more processors cause at least one of the one or more processors to perform the following:
accessing a graphical user interface, the graphical user interface displaying an initial view comprising graphical elements;
for each of the following, determining whether or not to perform each act, and performing any of the following that are applicable to a given view scenario, in order:
(1) updating in the graphical user interface any pan elements that are outside of the initial view;
(2) animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications;
(3) performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface, including any moves, any additions, any removals and any changes for all updates except those already added in when updating any pan elements that are outside of the initial view and pan element removals that will not be visible in a final view;
(4) animating any changes in the axes to the final view; and
(5) updating any remaining elements that are now out of view. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface comprises performing the following, in order:
d. causing any elements being removed to disappear; e. moving any elements that are to be moved; f. causing any elements being added to appear; 10. The system of claim 9, wherein causing any elements being removed to disappear comprises causing any elements being removed to fade out of view. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein causing any elements being added to appear comprises causing any elements being added to fade into view. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein at least a portion of causing any elements being removed to disappear is performed concurrently with at least a portion of animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein at least a portion of causing any elements being added to appear is performed concurrently with at least a portion of animating any changes in the axes to the final view. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein updating any remaining elements that are now out of view comprises removing out of view elements. 15. A computer readable medium comprising computer executable instructions that when executed by one or more processors causes the following to be performed:
accessing a graphical user interface, the graphical user interface displaying an initial view comprising graphical elements; for each of the following, determining whether or not to perform each act, and performing any of the following that are applicable to a given view scenario, in order:
(1) updating in the graphical user interface any pan elements that are outside of the initial view;
(2) animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications;
(3) performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface, including any moves, any additions, any removals and any changes for all updates except those already added in when updating any pan elements that are outside of the initial view and pan element removals that will not be visible in a final view;
(4) animating any changes in the axes to the final view; and
(5) updating any remaining elements that are now out of view. 16. The computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface comprises performing the following, in order:
g. causing any elements being removed to disappear; h. moving any elements that are to be moved; i. causing any elements being added to appear; 17. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein causing any elements being removed to disappear comprises causing any elements being removed to fade out of view. 18. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein causing any elements being added to appear comprises causing any elements being added to fade into view. 19. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of causing any elements being removed to disappear is performed concurrently with at least a portion of animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of causing any elements being added to appear is performed concurrently with at least a portion of animating any changes in the axes to the final view. | Updating graphical user interface elements. A method includes accessing a graphical user interface which includes an initial view including graphical elements. Each of the following are performed (in order) if determined to be applicable: (1) updating in the graphical user interface any pan elements that are outside of the initial view; (2) animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications; (3) performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface, including any moves, any additions, any removals and any changes for all updates except those already added in when updating any pan elements that are outside of the initial view and pan element removals that will not be visible in a final view; (4) animating any changes in the axes to the final view; and (5) updating any remaining elements that are now out of view.1. A method of updating graphical user interface elements in a fashion that is able to handle data being added to the user interface, data being removed from the user interface, or data being modified in the user interface, the method comprising:
accessing a graphical user interface, the graphical user interface displaying an initial view comprising graphical elements; for each of the following, determining whether or not to perform each act, and performing any of the following that are applicable to a given view scenario, in order:
(1) updating in the graphical user interface any pan elements that are outside of the initial view;
(2) animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications;
(3) performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface, including any moves, any additions, any removals and any changes for all updates except those already added in when updating any pan elements that are outside of the initial view and pan element removals that will not be visible in a final view;
(4) animating any changes in the axes to the final view; and
(5) updating any remaining elements that are now out of view. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface comprises performing the following, in order:
a. causing any elements being removed to disappear; b. moving any elements that are to be moved; c. causing any elements being added to appear; 3. The method of claim 2, wherein causing any elements being removed to disappear comprises causing any elements being removed to fade out of view. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein causing any elements being added to appear comprises causing any elements being added to fade into view. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of causing any elements being removed to disappear is performed concurrently with at least a portion of animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of causing any elements being added to appear is performed concurrently with at least a portion of animating any changes in the axes to the final view. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein updating any remaining elements that are now out of view comprises removing out of view elements. 8. A system for updating graphical user interface elements in a fashion that is able to handle data being added to the user interface, data being removed from the user interface, or data being modified in the user interface, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer readable media, wherein the one or more computer readable media comprise computer executable instructions that when executed by at least one of the one or more processors cause at least one of the one or more processors to perform the following:
accessing a graphical user interface, the graphical user interface displaying an initial view comprising graphical elements;
for each of the following, determining whether or not to perform each act, and performing any of the following that are applicable to a given view scenario, in order:
(1) updating in the graphical user interface any pan elements that are outside of the initial view;
(2) animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications;
(3) performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface, including any moves, any additions, any removals and any changes for all updates except those already added in when updating any pan elements that are outside of the initial view and pan element removals that will not be visible in a final view;
(4) animating any changes in the axes to the final view; and
(5) updating any remaining elements that are now out of view. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface comprises performing the following, in order:
d. causing any elements being removed to disappear; e. moving any elements that are to be moved; f. causing any elements being added to appear; 10. The system of claim 9, wherein causing any elements being removed to disappear comprises causing any elements being removed to fade out of view. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein causing any elements being added to appear comprises causing any elements being added to fade into view. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein at least a portion of causing any elements being removed to disappear is performed concurrently with at least a portion of animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein at least a portion of causing any elements being added to appear is performed concurrently with at least a portion of animating any changes in the axes to the final view. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein updating any remaining elements that are now out of view comprises removing out of view elements. 15. A computer readable medium comprising computer executable instructions that when executed by one or more processors causes the following to be performed:
accessing a graphical user interface, the graphical user interface displaying an initial view comprising graphical elements; for each of the following, determining whether or not to perform each act, and performing any of the following that are applicable to a given view scenario, in order:
(1) updating in the graphical user interface any pan elements that are outside of the initial view;
(2) animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications;
(3) performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface, including any moves, any additions, any removals and any changes for all updates except those already added in when updating any pan elements that are outside of the initial view and pan element removals that will not be visible in a final view;
(4) animating any changes in the axes to the final view; and
(5) updating any remaining elements that are now out of view. 16. The computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein performing any data element animations in the graphical user interface comprises performing the following, in order:
g. causing any elements being removed to disappear; h. moving any elements that are to be moved; i. causing any elements being added to appear; 17. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein causing any elements being removed to disappear comprises causing any elements being removed to fade out of view. 18. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein causing any elements being added to appear comprises causing any elements being added to fade into view. 19. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of causing any elements being removed to disappear is performed concurrently with at least a portion of animating any changes in axes of the graphical user interface to set the stage for data modifications. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of causing any elements being added to appear is performed concurrently with at least a portion of animating any changes in the axes to the final view. | 2,100 |
4,370 | 13,093,036 | 2,179 | An example method of accessing a web page includes receiving audio output from speakers of electronic equipment; detecting a cue in the received audio output; determining a web address based on the detected cue; and connecting to a web page using the web address. | 1. A method of accessing a web page comprising:
receiving audio output from speakers of electronic equipment; detecting a cue in the received audio output; determining a web address based on the detected cue; and connecting to a web page using the web address. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
outputting an alert about the connecting. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cue comprises one or more predetermined tones. 4. A method of accessing web pages comprising:
detecting cues using a portable device including a cue detector; storing, in a memory, data indicative of the detected cues; determining web addresses based on the stored data; connecting to one or more web pages using the web addresses. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
outputting an alert about the connecting. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the cue comprises an audio cue. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the audio cue comprises one or more predetermined tones. 8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the cue comprises a radio frequency identification (RFID) number. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein data indicative of the RFID number is stored only if the time which the RFID number is detected exceeds a specified time period. 10. A system comprising:
a receiver configured to receive audio output from speakers of electronic equipment; a processor configured to detect cues contained in the received audio, determine a web address corresponding to a detected cue, and control a communication circuit to access a web page using the web address. 11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the receiver comprises a microphone. 12. The system according to claim 10, wherein the receiver comprises an radio frequency identification (RFID) receiver. 13. A computer readable medium storing a program which, when executed, causes a processor to perform steps comprising:
detecting a cue from an ambient environment; determining a web address based on the detected cue; connecting to a web page using the web address; and outputting an alert about the connecting. 14. A computer readable medium storing a program which, when executed, causes a processor to perform steps comprising:
detecting cues in an ambient environment using a portable device including a cue detector; storing, in a memory, data indicative of detected cues; determining web addresses based on the stored data; connecting to one or more web pages using the web addresses; and outputting an alert about the connecting. | An example method of accessing a web page includes receiving audio output from speakers of electronic equipment; detecting a cue in the received audio output; determining a web address based on the detected cue; and connecting to a web page using the web address.1. A method of accessing a web page comprising:
receiving audio output from speakers of electronic equipment; detecting a cue in the received audio output; determining a web address based on the detected cue; and connecting to a web page using the web address. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
outputting an alert about the connecting. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cue comprises one or more predetermined tones. 4. A method of accessing web pages comprising:
detecting cues using a portable device including a cue detector; storing, in a memory, data indicative of the detected cues; determining web addresses based on the stored data; connecting to one or more web pages using the web addresses. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
outputting an alert about the connecting. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the cue comprises an audio cue. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the audio cue comprises one or more predetermined tones. 8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the cue comprises a radio frequency identification (RFID) number. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein data indicative of the RFID number is stored only if the time which the RFID number is detected exceeds a specified time period. 10. A system comprising:
a receiver configured to receive audio output from speakers of electronic equipment; a processor configured to detect cues contained in the received audio, determine a web address corresponding to a detected cue, and control a communication circuit to access a web page using the web address. 11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the receiver comprises a microphone. 12. The system according to claim 10, wherein the receiver comprises an radio frequency identification (RFID) receiver. 13. A computer readable medium storing a program which, when executed, causes a processor to perform steps comprising:
detecting a cue from an ambient environment; determining a web address based on the detected cue; connecting to a web page using the web address; and outputting an alert about the connecting. 14. A computer readable medium storing a program which, when executed, causes a processor to perform steps comprising:
detecting cues in an ambient environment using a portable device including a cue detector; storing, in a memory, data indicative of detected cues; determining web addresses based on the stored data; connecting to one or more web pages using the web addresses; and outputting an alert about the connecting. | 2,100 |
4,371 | 14,611,093 | 2,165 | Embodiments are directed towards real time display of event records and extracted values based on at least one extraction rule, such as a regular expression. A user interface may be employed to enable a user to have an extraction rule automatically generate and/or to manually enter an extraction rule. The user may be enabled to manually edit a previously provided extraction rule, which may result in real time display of updated extracted values. The extraction rule may be utilized to extract values from each of a plurality of records, including event records of unstructured machine data. Statistics may be determined for each unique extracted value, and may be displayed to the user in real time. The user interface may also enable the user to select at least one unique extracted value to display those event records that include an extracted value that matches the selected value. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
accessing in memory a set of events, each event identified by an associated time stamp and including a portion of raw data from machine data; transmitting for display a user interface including a first event and a plurality of second events of the set of events; receiving data indicating a selected portion of text within the first event; automatically determining a field extraction rule that extracts as a field value the selected portion of text when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event; and transmitting for display an updated user interface that includes the second events and that indicates a field value for each second event that would be extracted by applying the extraction rule to the second event. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first event includes unstructured data. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a rejection of an indicated field value of a second event, indicating that the rejected field value in the second event does not comprise a desired value to extract from the second event; and modifying the field extraction rule such that the modified field extraction rule would extract the selected portion of text within the first event when the field extraction rule is applied and would not extract the rejected field value in the second event. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a selected portion of text within a second event that is not indicated as being selected by the field extraction rule; and modifying the field extraction rule such that the modified field extraction rule would extract the selected portion of text within the first event when the modified field extraction rule is applied and would also extract the selected portion of text within the second event when the modified field extraction rule is applied to the second event. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the field extraction rule comprises a regular expression. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying natural language representing the field extraction rule; receiving an edit to the natural language; determining a modified field extraction rule corresponding to the edited natural language; and determining values for the field corresponding to the modified field extraction rule. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a data type of the selected portion of text within the first event, and wherein determining the field extraction rule that extracts as the field value from the selected portion of text within the first event further comprises extracting a value of the data type as the value of the field for at least one other event. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication that a value is to serve as a counter example for the field; and modifying the field extraction rule to bias against identifying the counter-example value as a value for the field. 9. A network device that is operative for generating extraction rules, comprising:
a transceiver that is operative to communicate over a network; a memory that is operative to store at least instructions; and a processor device that is operative to execute instructions that enable actions, including:
accessing in memory a set of events, each event identified by an associated time stamp;
wherein each event in the set of events includes a portion of raw data from machine data;
transmitting for display a user interface including a first event and a plurality of second events of the set of events;
receiving data indicating a selection of a portion of text within the first event;
automatically determining a field extraction rule that extracts as a value of a field the selection of the portion of text within the first event when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event; and
transmitting for display an updated user interface that includes the second events and that indicates, for each of the second events, a value of the field for each second event that would be extracted by applying the extraction rule to the second event. 10. The network device of claim 9, wherein the first event includes machine data. 11. The network device of claim 9, wherein the first event includes unstructured data. 12. The network device of claim 9, wherein storing the plurality of events includes indexing each event of the plurality of events. 13. The network device of claim 9, wherein the actions further comprise:
receiving an indication that a desired value of the field for the second event does not comprise the indicated value of the field for the second event; and modifying the field extraction rule such that the modified field extraction rule would extract the selection of the portion of text when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event and would extract a value of the field for the second event that is different from the indicated value of the field for the second event when the field extraction rule is applied to the second event. 14. The network device of claim 9, wherein the actions further comprise:
receiving a selection of a portion of text within the second event; and modifying the field extraction rule such that the modified field extraction rule would extract the selection of the portion of text within the first event when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event and would extract the selection of the portion of text within the second event when the field extraction rule is applied to the second event. 15. The network device of claim 9, wherein the field extraction rule comprises a regular expression. 16. The network device of claim 9, wherein the actions further comprise:
displaying natural language representing the field extraction rule; receiving an edit to the natural language; determining a modified field extraction rule corresponding to the edited natural language; and determining values for the field corresponding to the modified field extraction rule. 17. The network device of claim 9, wherein the actions further comprise determining a data type of the selection of the portion of text within the first event, and wherein determining the field extraction rule that extracts as the value of the field the selection of the portion of text within the first event comprises determining that the field extraction rule would extract a value comprising the data type as the value of the field for at least one other event. 18. A processor readable non-transitive storage media that includes instructions for generating extraction rules over a network, wherein execution of the instructions by a processor device enables actions, comprising:
accessing in memory a set of events, each event identified by an associated time stamp; wherein each event in the set of events includes a portion of raw data from machine data; transmitting for display a user interface including a first event and a plurality of second events of the set of events; receiving data indicating a selection of a portion of text within the first event; automatically determining a field extraction rule that extracts as a value of a field the selection of the portion of text within the first event when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event; and transmitting for display an updated user interface that includes the second events and that indicates, for each of the second events, a value of the field for each second event that would be extracted by applying the extraction rule to the second event. 19. The media of claim 18, wherein the first event includes machine data. 20. The media of claim 18, wherein the first event includes unstructured data. 21. The media of claim 18, wherein storing the plurality of events includes indexing each event of the plurality of events. 22. The media of claim 18, wherein the actions further comprise:
receiving an indication that a desired value of the field for the second event does not comprise the indicated value of the field for the second event; and modifying the field extraction rule such that the modified field extraction rule would extract the selection of the portion of text when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event and would extract a value of the field for the second event that is different from the indicated value of the field for the second event when the field extraction rule is applied to the second event. 23. The media of claim 18, wherein the actions further comprise:
receiving a selection of a portion of text within the second event; and modifying the field extraction rule such that the modified field extraction rule would extract the selection of the portion of text within the first event when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event and would extract the selection of the portion of text within the second event when the field extraction rule is applied to the second event. 24. The media of claim 18, wherein the field extraction rule comprises a regular expression. 25. The media of claim 18, wherein the actions further comprise:
displaying natural language representing the field extraction rule; receiving an edit to the natural language; determining a modified field extraction rule corresponding to the edited natural language; and determining values for the field corresponding to the modified field extraction rule. 26. The media of claim 18, wherein the actions further comprise determining a data type of the selection of the portion of text within the first event, and wherein determining the field extraction rule that extracts as the value of the field the selection of the portion of text within the first event comprises determining that the field extraction rule would extract a value comprising the data type as the value of the field for at least one other event. 27. A system that is arranged for generating extraction rules over a network, comprising:
a server device, including:
a transceiver that is operative to communicate over the network;
a memory that is operative to store at least instructions; and
a processor device that is operative to execute instructions that enable actions, including:
accessing in memory a set of events, each event identified by an associated time stamp;
wherein each event in the set of events includes a portion of raw data from machine data;
transmitting for display a user interface including a first event and a plurality of second events of the set of events;
receiving data indicating a selection of a portion of text within the first event;
automatically determining a field extraction rule that extracts as a value of a field the selection of the portion of text within the first event when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event; and
transmitting for display an updated user interface that includes the second events and that indicates, for each of the second events, a value of the field for each second event that would be extracted by applying the extraction rule to the second event. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the first event includes machine data. | Embodiments are directed towards real time display of event records and extracted values based on at least one extraction rule, such as a regular expression. A user interface may be employed to enable a user to have an extraction rule automatically generate and/or to manually enter an extraction rule. The user may be enabled to manually edit a previously provided extraction rule, which may result in real time display of updated extracted values. The extraction rule may be utilized to extract values from each of a plurality of records, including event records of unstructured machine data. Statistics may be determined for each unique extracted value, and may be displayed to the user in real time. The user interface may also enable the user to select at least one unique extracted value to display those event records that include an extracted value that matches the selected value.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
accessing in memory a set of events, each event identified by an associated time stamp and including a portion of raw data from machine data; transmitting for display a user interface including a first event and a plurality of second events of the set of events; receiving data indicating a selected portion of text within the first event; automatically determining a field extraction rule that extracts as a field value the selected portion of text when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event; and transmitting for display an updated user interface that includes the second events and that indicates a field value for each second event that would be extracted by applying the extraction rule to the second event. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first event includes unstructured data. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a rejection of an indicated field value of a second event, indicating that the rejected field value in the second event does not comprise a desired value to extract from the second event; and modifying the field extraction rule such that the modified field extraction rule would extract the selected portion of text within the first event when the field extraction rule is applied and would not extract the rejected field value in the second event. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a selected portion of text within a second event that is not indicated as being selected by the field extraction rule; and modifying the field extraction rule such that the modified field extraction rule would extract the selected portion of text within the first event when the modified field extraction rule is applied and would also extract the selected portion of text within the second event when the modified field extraction rule is applied to the second event. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the field extraction rule comprises a regular expression. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying natural language representing the field extraction rule; receiving an edit to the natural language; determining a modified field extraction rule corresponding to the edited natural language; and determining values for the field corresponding to the modified field extraction rule. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a data type of the selected portion of text within the first event, and wherein determining the field extraction rule that extracts as the field value from the selected portion of text within the first event further comprises extracting a value of the data type as the value of the field for at least one other event. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an indication that a value is to serve as a counter example for the field; and modifying the field extraction rule to bias against identifying the counter-example value as a value for the field. 9. A network device that is operative for generating extraction rules, comprising:
a transceiver that is operative to communicate over a network; a memory that is operative to store at least instructions; and a processor device that is operative to execute instructions that enable actions, including:
accessing in memory a set of events, each event identified by an associated time stamp;
wherein each event in the set of events includes a portion of raw data from machine data;
transmitting for display a user interface including a first event and a plurality of second events of the set of events;
receiving data indicating a selection of a portion of text within the first event;
automatically determining a field extraction rule that extracts as a value of a field the selection of the portion of text within the first event when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event; and
transmitting for display an updated user interface that includes the second events and that indicates, for each of the second events, a value of the field for each second event that would be extracted by applying the extraction rule to the second event. 10. The network device of claim 9, wherein the first event includes machine data. 11. The network device of claim 9, wherein the first event includes unstructured data. 12. The network device of claim 9, wherein storing the plurality of events includes indexing each event of the plurality of events. 13. The network device of claim 9, wherein the actions further comprise:
receiving an indication that a desired value of the field for the second event does not comprise the indicated value of the field for the second event; and modifying the field extraction rule such that the modified field extraction rule would extract the selection of the portion of text when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event and would extract a value of the field for the second event that is different from the indicated value of the field for the second event when the field extraction rule is applied to the second event. 14. The network device of claim 9, wherein the actions further comprise:
receiving a selection of a portion of text within the second event; and modifying the field extraction rule such that the modified field extraction rule would extract the selection of the portion of text within the first event when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event and would extract the selection of the portion of text within the second event when the field extraction rule is applied to the second event. 15. The network device of claim 9, wherein the field extraction rule comprises a regular expression. 16. The network device of claim 9, wherein the actions further comprise:
displaying natural language representing the field extraction rule; receiving an edit to the natural language; determining a modified field extraction rule corresponding to the edited natural language; and determining values for the field corresponding to the modified field extraction rule. 17. The network device of claim 9, wherein the actions further comprise determining a data type of the selection of the portion of text within the first event, and wherein determining the field extraction rule that extracts as the value of the field the selection of the portion of text within the first event comprises determining that the field extraction rule would extract a value comprising the data type as the value of the field for at least one other event. 18. A processor readable non-transitive storage media that includes instructions for generating extraction rules over a network, wherein execution of the instructions by a processor device enables actions, comprising:
accessing in memory a set of events, each event identified by an associated time stamp; wherein each event in the set of events includes a portion of raw data from machine data; transmitting for display a user interface including a first event and a plurality of second events of the set of events; receiving data indicating a selection of a portion of text within the first event; automatically determining a field extraction rule that extracts as a value of a field the selection of the portion of text within the first event when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event; and transmitting for display an updated user interface that includes the second events and that indicates, for each of the second events, a value of the field for each second event that would be extracted by applying the extraction rule to the second event. 19. The media of claim 18, wherein the first event includes machine data. 20. The media of claim 18, wherein the first event includes unstructured data. 21. The media of claim 18, wherein storing the plurality of events includes indexing each event of the plurality of events. 22. The media of claim 18, wherein the actions further comprise:
receiving an indication that a desired value of the field for the second event does not comprise the indicated value of the field for the second event; and modifying the field extraction rule such that the modified field extraction rule would extract the selection of the portion of text when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event and would extract a value of the field for the second event that is different from the indicated value of the field for the second event when the field extraction rule is applied to the second event. 23. The media of claim 18, wherein the actions further comprise:
receiving a selection of a portion of text within the second event; and modifying the field extraction rule such that the modified field extraction rule would extract the selection of the portion of text within the first event when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event and would extract the selection of the portion of text within the second event when the field extraction rule is applied to the second event. 24. The media of claim 18, wherein the field extraction rule comprises a regular expression. 25. The media of claim 18, wherein the actions further comprise:
displaying natural language representing the field extraction rule; receiving an edit to the natural language; determining a modified field extraction rule corresponding to the edited natural language; and determining values for the field corresponding to the modified field extraction rule. 26. The media of claim 18, wherein the actions further comprise determining a data type of the selection of the portion of text within the first event, and wherein determining the field extraction rule that extracts as the value of the field the selection of the portion of text within the first event comprises determining that the field extraction rule would extract a value comprising the data type as the value of the field for at least one other event. 27. A system that is arranged for generating extraction rules over a network, comprising:
a server device, including:
a transceiver that is operative to communicate over the network;
a memory that is operative to store at least instructions; and
a processor device that is operative to execute instructions that enable actions, including:
accessing in memory a set of events, each event identified by an associated time stamp;
wherein each event in the set of events includes a portion of raw data from machine data;
transmitting for display a user interface including a first event and a plurality of second events of the set of events;
receiving data indicating a selection of a portion of text within the first event;
automatically determining a field extraction rule that extracts as a value of a field the selection of the portion of text within the first event when the field extraction rule is applied to the first event; and
transmitting for display an updated user interface that includes the second events and that indicates, for each of the second events, a value of the field for each second event that would be extracted by applying the extraction rule to the second event. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the first event includes machine data. | 2,100 |
4,372 | 14,923,803 | 2,191 | According to one embodiment of the present invention, a system for tracking control for computing tasks receives a reference to a control file specifying a computing task. The system submits the specified task for performance on a computing system in accordance with the control file and receives an identifier for the performance of the task. The system stores information associating the identifier and the reference, and, in response to receiving a request for information associated with the identifier, returns the associated reference. Embodiments of the present invention further include a method and computer program product for maintaining metadata for computing tasks in substantially the same manners described above. | 1. A computer-implemented method of tracking control for computing tasks comprising:
receiving a reference to a control file specifying a computing task; submitting the specified task for performance on a computing system in accordance with the control file and receiving an identifier for the performance of the task; storing information associating the identifier and the reference; receiving a request for information associated with the identifier and in response returning the associated reference. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the performance of the task comprises storing output of the task and the output comprises the identifier. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the control file has been modified since the submitting of the specified task. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein returning the associated reference comprises returning an indication that the control file has been modified since the submitting of the specified task. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein submitting the computing system for performing the specified task comprises a mainframe computing system. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the control file is a Job Control Language (JCL) file. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a server mediates the submitting of the specified task between a client system and the computing system. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the server stores the information associating the identifier and the reference. | According to one embodiment of the present invention, a system for tracking control for computing tasks receives a reference to a control file specifying a computing task. The system submits the specified task for performance on a computing system in accordance with the control file and receives an identifier for the performance of the task. The system stores information associating the identifier and the reference, and, in response to receiving a request for information associated with the identifier, returns the associated reference. Embodiments of the present invention further include a method and computer program product for maintaining metadata for computing tasks in substantially the same manners described above.1. A computer-implemented method of tracking control for computing tasks comprising:
receiving a reference to a control file specifying a computing task; submitting the specified task for performance on a computing system in accordance with the control file and receiving an identifier for the performance of the task; storing information associating the identifier and the reference; receiving a request for information associated with the identifier and in response returning the associated reference. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the performance of the task comprises storing output of the task and the output comprises the identifier. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the control file has been modified since the submitting of the specified task. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein returning the associated reference comprises returning an indication that the control file has been modified since the submitting of the specified task. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein submitting the computing system for performing the specified task comprises a mainframe computing system. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the control file is a Job Control Language (JCL) file. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a server mediates the submitting of the specified task between a client system and the computing system. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the server stores the information associating the identifier and the reference. | 2,100 |
4,373 | 12,374,372 | 2,156 | Various systems, methods and products are provided for surfing the Internet. A method may include positioning a cursor over information to be search (e.g., a word or phrase on a web page, or on a screen, or in an electronic document), and initiating a web search by clicking on or otherwise acting upon the information. A method may also in include selecting information on a web page, clicking on the information as it resides on the web page, and in response to the clicking, conducting a web search on the information. The methods may also include displaying the results of the web search, such as on a computer screen for viewing and, if desired, further searching. A method of executing a web search may include (i) receiving a request to conduct a web search on information, wherein the request was generated by clicking on the information, and (ii) executing a web search on the information. An information handling system may include (a) a processor and (b) software that when executed will allow the system to (i) receive a request to conduct a web search on information, wherein the request was generated by selecting (e.g., highlighting) the information on a web page and clicking on the information, and (ii) execute a web search on the information. Related computer readable media and other methods and systems are also provided. | 1. A method of surfing the Internet comprising:
a. selecting information on a web page; b. clicking on the information as it resides on the web page; and c. in response to the clicking, conducting a web search on the information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the information is selected from the group consisting of any one or more of a number, a character, a symbol, a word fragment, a word, a partial phrase, a phrase, a name, a partial title, a title, a partial sentence, a sentence, a partial paragraph, a paragraph, an icon, a graphic image, a music clip, and a video clip. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying search results generated by the web search. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the information is displayed in a first window and the search results are displayed in a second window. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the information is contained in a first web browser, and the search results are contained in a second web browser. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the information is viewable in a first web browser, and the search results are viewable in a second web browser. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the information and the search results are viewable at the same time. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein the search results are displayed on a screen. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the screen is a computer screen. 10. A method comprising:
a. clicking on information; and b. in response to the clicking, conducting a web search on the information. 11. The method of claim 11, wherein the information is viewable on a display. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the information is viewable in a window. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the information is selected from the group consisting of any one or more of a number, a character, a symbol, a word fragment, a word, a partial phrase, a phrase, a name, a partial title, a title, a partial sentence, a sentence, a partial paragraph, a paragraph, an icon, a graphic image, a music clip, and a video clip. 14. A method of surfing the Internet comprising:
a. positioning a cursor over information to be searched; and b. initiating a web search by clicking on the information. 15. The method of claim 15, further comprising displaying the results of the web search. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising highlighting the information before positioning the cursor over the information. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the information is selected from the group consisting of any one or more of a number, a character, a symbol, a word fragment, a word, a partial phrase, a phrase, a name, a partial title, a title, a partial sentence, a sentence, a partial paragraph, a paragraph, an icon, a graphic image, a music clip, and a video clip. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the information is on a web page. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the information is in an electronic document that is not on the Internet. 20-41. (canceled) | Various systems, methods and products are provided for surfing the Internet. A method may include positioning a cursor over information to be search (e.g., a word or phrase on a web page, or on a screen, or in an electronic document), and initiating a web search by clicking on or otherwise acting upon the information. A method may also in include selecting information on a web page, clicking on the information as it resides on the web page, and in response to the clicking, conducting a web search on the information. The methods may also include displaying the results of the web search, such as on a computer screen for viewing and, if desired, further searching. A method of executing a web search may include (i) receiving a request to conduct a web search on information, wherein the request was generated by clicking on the information, and (ii) executing a web search on the information. An information handling system may include (a) a processor and (b) software that when executed will allow the system to (i) receive a request to conduct a web search on information, wherein the request was generated by selecting (e.g., highlighting) the information on a web page and clicking on the information, and (ii) execute a web search on the information. Related computer readable media and other methods and systems are also provided.1. A method of surfing the Internet comprising:
a. selecting information on a web page; b. clicking on the information as it resides on the web page; and c. in response to the clicking, conducting a web search on the information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the information is selected from the group consisting of any one or more of a number, a character, a symbol, a word fragment, a word, a partial phrase, a phrase, a name, a partial title, a title, a partial sentence, a sentence, a partial paragraph, a paragraph, an icon, a graphic image, a music clip, and a video clip. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying search results generated by the web search. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the information is displayed in a first window and the search results are displayed in a second window. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the information is contained in a first web browser, and the search results are contained in a second web browser. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the information is viewable in a first web browser, and the search results are viewable in a second web browser. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the information and the search results are viewable at the same time. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein the search results are displayed on a screen. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the screen is a computer screen. 10. A method comprising:
a. clicking on information; and b. in response to the clicking, conducting a web search on the information. 11. The method of claim 11, wherein the information is viewable on a display. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the information is viewable in a window. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the information is selected from the group consisting of any one or more of a number, a character, a symbol, a word fragment, a word, a partial phrase, a phrase, a name, a partial title, a title, a partial sentence, a sentence, a partial paragraph, a paragraph, an icon, a graphic image, a music clip, and a video clip. 14. A method of surfing the Internet comprising:
a. positioning a cursor over information to be searched; and b. initiating a web search by clicking on the information. 15. The method of claim 15, further comprising displaying the results of the web search. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising highlighting the information before positioning the cursor over the information. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the information is selected from the group consisting of any one or more of a number, a character, a symbol, a word fragment, a word, a partial phrase, a phrase, a name, a partial title, a title, a partial sentence, a sentence, a partial paragraph, a paragraph, an icon, a graphic image, a music clip, and a video clip. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the information is on a web page. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the information is in an electronic document that is not on the Internet. 20-41. (canceled) | 2,100 |
4,374 | 14,827,581 | 2,167 | Methods for modifying and ranking searches with actions based on prior search results and actions are disclosed herein. According to an aspect, a method comprises using at least one processor and memory determining an action associated with web content. Further, the method comprises receiving user input identifying search criteria. Further, the method, in response to determining that the search criteria is associated with the web content, comprises presenting search results associated with the search criteria and a user interface for initiating the action with respect to one or more of the search results. | 1. A method comprising:
using at least one processor and memory for:
determining an action associated with web content;
receiving user input identifying search criteria;
determining whether the search criteria is associated with the web content; and
in response to determining that the search criteria is associated with the web content, presenting search results associated with the search criteria and a user interface for initiating the action with respect to one or more of the search results. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining an action comprises one of:
downloading a file from the web content; initiating contact with an entity identified in the web content; copying a file from the web content; linking to data in the web content; and bookmarking data in the web content. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining an action comprises tracking multiple actions implemented by a user subsequent to presentation of the web content. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the search results based on the identified search criteria. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the search results comprises biasing presentation of the search results based on the action. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein initiating the action comprises one of:
downloading a file from the web content; initiating contact with an entity identified in the web content; copying a file from the web content; linking to data in the web content; and bookmarking data in the web content. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising presenting a user interface for identification of the action. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving user selection for initiating the action with respect to the one or more search results. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising implementing the action with respect to the one or more search results in response to receipt of the user selection. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising ranking the search results based on the search criteria and the action. | Methods for modifying and ranking searches with actions based on prior search results and actions are disclosed herein. According to an aspect, a method comprises using at least one processor and memory determining an action associated with web content. Further, the method comprises receiving user input identifying search criteria. Further, the method, in response to determining that the search criteria is associated with the web content, comprises presenting search results associated with the search criteria and a user interface for initiating the action with respect to one or more of the search results.1. A method comprising:
using at least one processor and memory for:
determining an action associated with web content;
receiving user input identifying search criteria;
determining whether the search criteria is associated with the web content; and
in response to determining that the search criteria is associated with the web content, presenting search results associated with the search criteria and a user interface for initiating the action with respect to one or more of the search results. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining an action comprises one of:
downloading a file from the web content; initiating contact with an entity identified in the web content; copying a file from the web content; linking to data in the web content; and bookmarking data in the web content. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining an action comprises tracking multiple actions implemented by a user subsequent to presentation of the web content. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the search results based on the identified search criteria. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the search results comprises biasing presentation of the search results based on the action. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein initiating the action comprises one of:
downloading a file from the web content; initiating contact with an entity identified in the web content; copying a file from the web content; linking to data in the web content; and bookmarking data in the web content. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising presenting a user interface for identification of the action. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving user selection for initiating the action with respect to the one or more search results. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising implementing the action with respect to the one or more search results in response to receipt of the user selection. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising ranking the search results based on the search criteria and the action. | 2,100 |
4,375 | 14,324,190 | 2,167 | Systems and methods for modifying and ranking searches with actions based on prior search results and actions are disclosed herein. According to an aspect, a method comprises using at least one processor and memory determining an action associated with web content. Further, the method comprises receiving user input identifying search criteria. Further, the method, in response to determining that the search criteria is associated with the web content, comprises presenting search results associated with the search criteria and a user interface for initiating the action with respect to one or more of the search results. | 1-10. (canceled) 11. A system comprising:
a computing device comprising at least one processor and memory, the computing device configured to:
determine an action associated with web content;
receive user input identifying search criteria;
determine whether the search criteria is associated with the web content; and
in response to determining that the search criteria is associated with the web content, present search results associated with the search criteria and a user interface for initiating the action with respect to one or more of the search results. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the computing device is configured to determine an action, wherein the action comprises one of:
downloading a file from the web content; initiating contact with an entity identified in the web content; copying a file from the web content; linking to data in the web content; and bookmarking data in the web content. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the computing device configured to determine an action comprises tracking multiple actions implemented by a user subsequent to presentation of the web content. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the computing device is further configured to determine the search results based on the identified search criteria. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the computing device configured to determine the search results comprises biasing presentation of the search results based on the action. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the computing device is configured to initiate the action, wherein the action comprises one of:
downloading a file from the web content; initiating contact with an entity identified in the web content; copying a file from the web content; linking to data in the web content; and bookmarking data in the web content. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the computing device is further configured to present a user interface for identification of the action. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the computing device is further configured to receive user selection for initiating the action with respect to the one or more search results. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the computing device is further configured to implement the action with respect to the one or more search results in response to receipt of the user selection. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the computing device is further configured to rank the search results based on the search criteria and the action. | Systems and methods for modifying and ranking searches with actions based on prior search results and actions are disclosed herein. According to an aspect, a method comprises using at least one processor and memory determining an action associated with web content. Further, the method comprises receiving user input identifying search criteria. Further, the method, in response to determining that the search criteria is associated with the web content, comprises presenting search results associated with the search criteria and a user interface for initiating the action with respect to one or more of the search results.1-10. (canceled) 11. A system comprising:
a computing device comprising at least one processor and memory, the computing device configured to:
determine an action associated with web content;
receive user input identifying search criteria;
determine whether the search criteria is associated with the web content; and
in response to determining that the search criteria is associated with the web content, present search results associated with the search criteria and a user interface for initiating the action with respect to one or more of the search results. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the computing device is configured to determine an action, wherein the action comprises one of:
downloading a file from the web content; initiating contact with an entity identified in the web content; copying a file from the web content; linking to data in the web content; and bookmarking data in the web content. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the computing device configured to determine an action comprises tracking multiple actions implemented by a user subsequent to presentation of the web content. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the computing device is further configured to determine the search results based on the identified search criteria. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the computing device configured to determine the search results comprises biasing presentation of the search results based on the action. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the computing device is configured to initiate the action, wherein the action comprises one of:
downloading a file from the web content; initiating contact with an entity identified in the web content; copying a file from the web content; linking to data in the web content; and bookmarking data in the web content. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the computing device is further configured to present a user interface for identification of the action. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the computing device is further configured to receive user selection for initiating the action with respect to the one or more search results. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the computing device is further configured to implement the action with respect to the one or more search results in response to receipt of the user selection. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the computing device is further configured to rank the search results based on the search criteria and the action. | 2,100 |
4,376 | 14,526,680 | 2,166 | Various embodiments described and illustrated herein include at least one of systems, methods, and software to identify and resolve violations of system and process performance measuring metrics. Following identification of such a violation, some embodiments may identify and cause a solution to be implemented. Following implementation of a solution, the violated metrics are again applied and the results evaluated to verify resolution of the metric violation. Some embodiments may repeat this process until the metric violation or violations are resolved. | 1. (canceled) 2. A computer-readable storage medium, with instructions stored thereon, which when executed by at least one processor of a computer, cause the computer to:
identify a performance indicator violation within a dataset of performance metric data; retrieve, from a pattern database, a pattern including a group of configuration item settings which when implemented, are likely to resolve the performance indicator violation; issue at least one command to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern; and apply at least one performance metric to confirm the recurring performance indicator violation has been resolved by implementing the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 3. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein applying the at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved includes applying the at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved periodically within a particular period of the issuing of the commands to implement the group of configuration item settings. 4. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein:
the performance indicator violation is related to an inadequate capacity violation; and the issuing of commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern includes generating a system change request to add capacity with regard to at least one hardware device. 5. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein when applying the at least one performance metric fails to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved, the computer-readable storage medium includes further instructions which executed by the at least one processor of the computer, cause the computer to:
retrieve, from a pattern database, another pattern including a group of configuration item settings which when implemented, are likely to resolve the performance metric violation; issue commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the another retrieved pattern; and apply at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved by implementing the group of configuration item settings of the another retrieved pattern. 6. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 2, the computer-readable storage medium including further instructions which executed by the at least one processor of the computer, cause the computer to
compare configuration item values of a system with an anti-pattern to detect a presence of the anti-pattern within the system; upon detection of the anti-pattern within the system, querying the pattern database to retrieve a pattern, the implementation of which resolves the detected anti-pattern; and wherein the issuing of commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 7. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the configuration item settings include configuration settings of a software application that executes on at least one computing device. 8. A computerized method comprising:
identifying a performance indicator violation within a dataset of performance metric data; retrieving, from a pattern database, a pattern including a group of configuration item settings which when implemented, are likely to resolve the performance indicator violation; and issuing at least one command to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 9. The computerized method of claim 8, the method further comprising:
applying at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved by implementing the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 10. The computerized method of claim 9, wherein applying the at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved includes periodically applying the at least one performance metric within a particular period of the issuing of the commands to implement the group of configuration item settings to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved. 11. The computerized method of claim 8, wherein:
the performance indicator violation is related to an inadequate capacity violation; and the issuing of commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern includes generating a system change request to add capacity with regard to at least one hardware device. 12. The computerized method of claim 8, wherein when applying the at least one performance metric fails to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved, the computerized method further comprising:
retrieving, from a pattern database, another pattern including a group of configuration item settings which when implemented, are likely to resolve the performance metric violation; issuing commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the another retrieved pattern; and applying at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved by implementing the group of configuration item settings of the another retrieved pattern. 13. The computerized method of claim 8, the computerized method further comprising:
comparing configuration item values of a system with an anti-pattern to detect a presence of the anti-pattern within the system; upon detection of the anti-pattern within the system, querying the pattern database to retrieve a pattern, the implementation of which resolves the detected anti-pattern; and wherein the issuing of commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 14. The computerized method of claim 8, wherein the configuration item settings include configuration settings of a software application that executes on at least one computing device. 15. The computerized method of claim 8, wherein the issuing of the at least one command to implement the group of configuration setting of the retrieved patterns is performed automatically by issuing a command to a provisioning application of a computing environment, the provisioning application executable to modify a configuration of the computing environment upon receipt of commands. 16. A system comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory device; a network interface device; an instruction set held in the at least one memory device and executable by the at least one processor to cause the system to perform data processing activities, the data processing activities comprising:
identifying a performance indicator violation within a dataset of performance metric data;
retrieving, from a pattern database, a pattern including a group of configuration item settings which when implemented, are likely to resolve the performance indicator violation; and
issuing at least one command to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 17. The system of claim 16, the data processing activities further comprising:
applying at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved by implementing the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein applying the at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved includes periodically applying the at least one performance metric within a particular period of the issuing of the commands to implement the group of configuration item settings to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein:
the performance indicator violation is related to an inadequate capacity violation; and the issuing of commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern includes generating a system change request to add capacity with regard to at least one hardware device. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein when applying the at least one performance metric fails to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved, the data processing activities further comprising:
retrieving, from a pattern database, another pattern including a group of configuration item settings which when implemented, are likely to resolve the performance metric violation; issuing commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the another retrieved pattern; and applying at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved by implementing the group of configuration item settings of the another retrieved pattern. 21. The system of claim 16, the data processing activities comprising:
comparing configuration item values of a system with an anti-pattern to detect a presence of the anti-pattern within the system; upon detection of the anti-pattern within the system, querying the pattern database to retrieve a pattern, the implementation of which resolves the detected anti-pattern; and wherein the issuing of commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 22. The system of claim 16, wherein the configuration item settings include configuration settings of a software application that executes on at least one computing device. | Various embodiments described and illustrated herein include at least one of systems, methods, and software to identify and resolve violations of system and process performance measuring metrics. Following identification of such a violation, some embodiments may identify and cause a solution to be implemented. Following implementation of a solution, the violated metrics are again applied and the results evaluated to verify resolution of the metric violation. Some embodiments may repeat this process until the metric violation or violations are resolved.1. (canceled) 2. A computer-readable storage medium, with instructions stored thereon, which when executed by at least one processor of a computer, cause the computer to:
identify a performance indicator violation within a dataset of performance metric data; retrieve, from a pattern database, a pattern including a group of configuration item settings which when implemented, are likely to resolve the performance indicator violation; issue at least one command to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern; and apply at least one performance metric to confirm the recurring performance indicator violation has been resolved by implementing the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 3. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein applying the at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved includes applying the at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved periodically within a particular period of the issuing of the commands to implement the group of configuration item settings. 4. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein:
the performance indicator violation is related to an inadequate capacity violation; and the issuing of commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern includes generating a system change request to add capacity with regard to at least one hardware device. 5. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein when applying the at least one performance metric fails to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved, the computer-readable storage medium includes further instructions which executed by the at least one processor of the computer, cause the computer to:
retrieve, from a pattern database, another pattern including a group of configuration item settings which when implemented, are likely to resolve the performance metric violation; issue commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the another retrieved pattern; and apply at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved by implementing the group of configuration item settings of the another retrieved pattern. 6. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 2, the computer-readable storage medium including further instructions which executed by the at least one processor of the computer, cause the computer to
compare configuration item values of a system with an anti-pattern to detect a presence of the anti-pattern within the system; upon detection of the anti-pattern within the system, querying the pattern database to retrieve a pattern, the implementation of which resolves the detected anti-pattern; and wherein the issuing of commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 7. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 2, wherein the configuration item settings include configuration settings of a software application that executes on at least one computing device. 8. A computerized method comprising:
identifying a performance indicator violation within a dataset of performance metric data; retrieving, from a pattern database, a pattern including a group of configuration item settings which when implemented, are likely to resolve the performance indicator violation; and issuing at least one command to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 9. The computerized method of claim 8, the method further comprising:
applying at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved by implementing the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 10. The computerized method of claim 9, wherein applying the at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved includes periodically applying the at least one performance metric within a particular period of the issuing of the commands to implement the group of configuration item settings to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved. 11. The computerized method of claim 8, wherein:
the performance indicator violation is related to an inadequate capacity violation; and the issuing of commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern includes generating a system change request to add capacity with regard to at least one hardware device. 12. The computerized method of claim 8, wherein when applying the at least one performance metric fails to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved, the computerized method further comprising:
retrieving, from a pattern database, another pattern including a group of configuration item settings which when implemented, are likely to resolve the performance metric violation; issuing commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the another retrieved pattern; and applying at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved by implementing the group of configuration item settings of the another retrieved pattern. 13. The computerized method of claim 8, the computerized method further comprising:
comparing configuration item values of a system with an anti-pattern to detect a presence of the anti-pattern within the system; upon detection of the anti-pattern within the system, querying the pattern database to retrieve a pattern, the implementation of which resolves the detected anti-pattern; and wherein the issuing of commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 14. The computerized method of claim 8, wherein the configuration item settings include configuration settings of a software application that executes on at least one computing device. 15. The computerized method of claim 8, wherein the issuing of the at least one command to implement the group of configuration setting of the retrieved patterns is performed automatically by issuing a command to a provisioning application of a computing environment, the provisioning application executable to modify a configuration of the computing environment upon receipt of commands. 16. A system comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory device; a network interface device; an instruction set held in the at least one memory device and executable by the at least one processor to cause the system to perform data processing activities, the data processing activities comprising:
identifying a performance indicator violation within a dataset of performance metric data;
retrieving, from a pattern database, a pattern including a group of configuration item settings which when implemented, are likely to resolve the performance indicator violation; and
issuing at least one command to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 17. The system of claim 16, the data processing activities further comprising:
applying at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved by implementing the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein applying the at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved includes periodically applying the at least one performance metric within a particular period of the issuing of the commands to implement the group of configuration item settings to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein:
the performance indicator violation is related to an inadequate capacity violation; and the issuing of commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern includes generating a system change request to add capacity with regard to at least one hardware device. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein when applying the at least one performance metric fails to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved, the data processing activities further comprising:
retrieving, from a pattern database, another pattern including a group of configuration item settings which when implemented, are likely to resolve the performance metric violation; issuing commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the another retrieved pattern; and applying at least one performance metric to confirm the performance indicator violation has been resolved by implementing the group of configuration item settings of the another retrieved pattern. 21. The system of claim 16, the data processing activities comprising:
comparing configuration item values of a system with an anti-pattern to detect a presence of the anti-pattern within the system; upon detection of the anti-pattern within the system, querying the pattern database to retrieve a pattern, the implementation of which resolves the detected anti-pattern; and wherein the issuing of commands to implement the group of configuration item settings of the retrieved pattern. 22. The system of claim 16, wherein the configuration item settings include configuration settings of a software application that executes on at least one computing device. | 2,100 |
4,377 | 13,320,265 | 2,124 | Mobile device ( 102 ) comprising a number of sensing entities ( 230 ) for obtaining data indicative of the context of the mobile device and/or user thereof, a feature determination logic ( 230 ) for determining a plurality of representative feature values utilizing the data, and a context recognition logic ( 228 ) including an adaptive linear classifier ( 234 ), configured to map, during a classification action, the plurality of feature values to a context class, wherein the classifier is further configured to adapt ( 236 ) the classification logic thereof on the basis of the feature values and feedback information by the user of the mobile device. A method to be performed by the mobile device is presented. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A mobile device comprising:
a feature determination logic for determining a plurality of representative feature values on the basis of sensing data indicative of the context of the mobile device and/or user thereof, and a context recognition logic including an adaptive linear classifier, configured to map, during a classification action, the plurality of feature values to a context class, wherein the classifier is further configured to adapt the classification logic thereof on the basis of the feature values and feedback information by the user of the mobile device. 22. The mobile device of claim 21, comprising a number of sensing entities for obtaining the sensing data indicative of the context of the mobile device and/or user thereof. 23. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein a plurality of features applied in the context classification are mutually substantially linearly separable. 24. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein in the case of positive or negative feedback regarding the performed classification, the classifier is configured to adapt the classification logic thereof such that a prototype feature value vector of the recognized class is brought closer to or farther away from the feature vector determined by the plurality of feature values, respectively. 25. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein in the case of positive or negative feedback regarding the performed classification, the classifier is configured to adapt the classification logic thereof such that a prototype feature value vector of the recognized class is brought closer to or farther away from the feature vector determined by the plurality of feature values, respectively, and wherein the amount of adaptation is at least partially determined on the basis of a weighted difference between the new feature vector and old ideal vector. 26. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein in the case of positive or negative feedback regarding the performed classification, the classifier is configured to adapt the classification. logic thereof such that a prototype feature value vector of the recognized class is brought closer to or farther away from the feature vector determined by the plurality of feature values, respectively, and wherein the adaptation is based on exponential moving average (EMA). 27. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to infer context classification feedback from the one or more actions, or lack of actions, of the user in relation to the mobile device. 28. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to personalize the context recognition logic for the user of the mobile device through the adaptation based on feedback by the user. 29. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to obtain direct feedback from the user including an indication of a correct class for the data, whereupon a prototype feature value vector of the class is adapted based on the data and/or features derived therefrom. 30. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to obtain direct feedback from the user including an indication of a correct class for the data, whereupon a prototype feature value vector of the class is adapted based on the data and/or features derived therefrom, and wherein the adaptation is based on learning vector quantization (LVQ). 31. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein the classifier includes a minimum distance classifier. 32. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein the sensing entities are configured to obtain data relative to at least one element selected from the group consisting of: acceleration, hip acceleration, wrist acceleration, pressure, light, time, heart rate, temperature, location, active user profile, calendar entry data, battery state, and sound data. 33. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to determine, from the data, at least one feature selected from the group consisting of: maximum acceleration, minimum acceleration, mean acceleration, difference between maximum and minimum acceleration, variance of the acceleration, power spectrum entropy, peak frequency, peak power, and mean heart rate. 34. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to perform at least one action depending on the recognized context class. 35. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to perform at least one action depending on the recognized context class, wherein said action is selected from the group consisting of:
adaptation of the user interface of the device, adaptation of an application, adaptation of a menu, adaptation of a profile, adaptation of a mode, trigger an application, close an application, bring forth an application, bring forth a view, minimize a view, activate or terminate a keypad lock, establish a connection, terminate a connection, transmit data, send a message, trigger audio output such as playing a sound, activate tactile feedback such as vibration, activate the display, input data to an application, and shut down the device. 36. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to perform at least one action depending on the recognized context class, wherein said at least one action comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of: adjusting a service, initiating a service, terminating a service, adapting a service, wherein the service may be a local service running in the mobile device and/or a service remotely accessed by the mobile device. 37. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein one or more of the features have been selected using a sequential forward selection (SFS) or sequential floating forward selection algorithm (SFFS). 38. A method for recognizing a context by a mobile device, comprising
obtaining data indicative of the context of the mobile device and/or user thereof, determining a plurality of feature values on the basis of and representing at least part of the data, classifying, by an adaptive linear classifier, the plurality of feature values to a context class, and adapting the classification logic of the classifier on the basis of the feature values and feedback information by the user. 39. A computer program product, comprising a carrier medium provided with code means stored thereon and adapted, when run on a computer, to execute the method of obtaining data indicative of the context of the mobile device and/or user thereof, determining a plurality of feature values on the basis of and representing at least part of the data, classifying, by an adaptive linear classifier, the plurality of feature values to a context class, and adapting the classification logic of the classifier on the basis of the feature values and feedback information by the user. | Mobile device ( 102 ) comprising a number of sensing entities ( 230 ) for obtaining data indicative of the context of the mobile device and/or user thereof, a feature determination logic ( 230 ) for determining a plurality of representative feature values utilizing the data, and a context recognition logic ( 228 ) including an adaptive linear classifier ( 234 ), configured to map, during a classification action, the plurality of feature values to a context class, wherein the classifier is further configured to adapt ( 236 ) the classification logic thereof on the basis of the feature values and feedback information by the user of the mobile device. A method to be performed by the mobile device is presented.1-20. (canceled) 21. A mobile device comprising:
a feature determination logic for determining a plurality of representative feature values on the basis of sensing data indicative of the context of the mobile device and/or user thereof, and a context recognition logic including an adaptive linear classifier, configured to map, during a classification action, the plurality of feature values to a context class, wherein the classifier is further configured to adapt the classification logic thereof on the basis of the feature values and feedback information by the user of the mobile device. 22. The mobile device of claim 21, comprising a number of sensing entities for obtaining the sensing data indicative of the context of the mobile device and/or user thereof. 23. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein a plurality of features applied in the context classification are mutually substantially linearly separable. 24. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein in the case of positive or negative feedback regarding the performed classification, the classifier is configured to adapt the classification logic thereof such that a prototype feature value vector of the recognized class is brought closer to or farther away from the feature vector determined by the plurality of feature values, respectively. 25. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein in the case of positive or negative feedback regarding the performed classification, the classifier is configured to adapt the classification logic thereof such that a prototype feature value vector of the recognized class is brought closer to or farther away from the feature vector determined by the plurality of feature values, respectively, and wherein the amount of adaptation is at least partially determined on the basis of a weighted difference between the new feature vector and old ideal vector. 26. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein in the case of positive or negative feedback regarding the performed classification, the classifier is configured to adapt the classification. logic thereof such that a prototype feature value vector of the recognized class is brought closer to or farther away from the feature vector determined by the plurality of feature values, respectively, and wherein the adaptation is based on exponential moving average (EMA). 27. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to infer context classification feedback from the one or more actions, or lack of actions, of the user in relation to the mobile device. 28. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to personalize the context recognition logic for the user of the mobile device through the adaptation based on feedback by the user. 29. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to obtain direct feedback from the user including an indication of a correct class for the data, whereupon a prototype feature value vector of the class is adapted based on the data and/or features derived therefrom. 30. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to obtain direct feedback from the user including an indication of a correct class for the data, whereupon a prototype feature value vector of the class is adapted based on the data and/or features derived therefrom, and wherein the adaptation is based on learning vector quantization (LVQ). 31. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein the classifier includes a minimum distance classifier. 32. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein the sensing entities are configured to obtain data relative to at least one element selected from the group consisting of: acceleration, hip acceleration, wrist acceleration, pressure, light, time, heart rate, temperature, location, active user profile, calendar entry data, battery state, and sound data. 33. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to determine, from the data, at least one feature selected from the group consisting of: maximum acceleration, minimum acceleration, mean acceleration, difference between maximum and minimum acceleration, variance of the acceleration, power spectrum entropy, peak frequency, peak power, and mean heart rate. 34. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to perform at least one action depending on the recognized context class. 35. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to perform at least one action depending on the recognized context class, wherein said action is selected from the group consisting of:
adaptation of the user interface of the device, adaptation of an application, adaptation of a menu, adaptation of a profile, adaptation of a mode, trigger an application, close an application, bring forth an application, bring forth a view, minimize a view, activate or terminate a keypad lock, establish a connection, terminate a connection, transmit data, send a message, trigger audio output such as playing a sound, activate tactile feedback such as vibration, activate the display, input data to an application, and shut down the device. 36. The mobile device of claim 21, configured to perform at least one action depending on the recognized context class, wherein said at least one action comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of: adjusting a service, initiating a service, terminating a service, adapting a service, wherein the service may be a local service running in the mobile device and/or a service remotely accessed by the mobile device. 37. The mobile device of claim 21, wherein one or more of the features have been selected using a sequential forward selection (SFS) or sequential floating forward selection algorithm (SFFS). 38. A method for recognizing a context by a mobile device, comprising
obtaining data indicative of the context of the mobile device and/or user thereof, determining a plurality of feature values on the basis of and representing at least part of the data, classifying, by an adaptive linear classifier, the plurality of feature values to a context class, and adapting the classification logic of the classifier on the basis of the feature values and feedback information by the user. 39. A computer program product, comprising a carrier medium provided with code means stored thereon and adapted, when run on a computer, to execute the method of obtaining data indicative of the context of the mobile device and/or user thereof, determining a plurality of feature values on the basis of and representing at least part of the data, classifying, by an adaptive linear classifier, the plurality of feature values to a context class, and adapting the classification logic of the classifier on the basis of the feature values and feedback information by the user. | 2,100 |
4,378 | 13,160,963 | 2,164 | Systems and methods are provided for evicting entries from a file handle cache. In accordance with certain embodiments, a two-stage eviction process is utilized. In a first stage of the eviction process, entries in the file entry cache are analyzed and marked for eviction while a shared lock is maintained on the file handle cache. The shared lock enables the file handle cache to be concurrently accessed by a content serving system to service content requests. In a second stage of the eviction process, entries in the file handle cache that are marked for eviction are removed while an exclusive lock is maintained on the file handle cache. The exclusive lock prevents the content serving system from concurrently accessing the file handle cache to service content requests. | 1. A method for evicting entries from a file handle cache, each entry in the file handle cache storing a file handle associated with an open file in a file system, the method comprising:
analyzing each entry in the file handle cache to identify entries to be marked for eviction and marking the identified entries for eviction while maintaining a shared lock on the file handle cache, the shared lock allowing the file handle cache to be concurrently accessed by one or more processes to obtain file handles for use in servicing requests for content from the file system; and removing the entries marked for eviction from the file handle cache while maintaining an exclusive lock on the file handle cache, the exclusive lock preventing the file handle cache from being concurrently accessed by the one or more processes. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein removing the entries marked for eviction from the file handle cache comprises moving the entries marked for eviction to a deletion list, the method further comprising:
issuing commands to the file system to close each open file associated with a file handle stored in the deletion list while not maintaining any lock on the file handle cache. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising deleting content from system memory and/or a disk that is associated with each file that is closed by the file system. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing each entry in the file handle cache to identify entries to be marked for eviction comprises:
determining if a time to live value associated with each entry has expired; and identifying an entry as an entry to be marked for eviction if the time to live value associated therewith has expired. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining if the time to live value associated with an entry has expired comprises:
decrementing the time to live value associated with the entry; and determining if the decremented time to live value is zero. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein analyzing each entry in the file handle cache to identify entries to be marked for eviction further comprises:
modifying the time to live value associated with each entry if a measure of system memory utilization exceeds a threshold. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing each entry in the file handle cache to identify entries to be marked for eviction comprises:
comparing a hit count associated with each entry to a statistical threshold, the hit count associated with each entry representing a number of times that the entry was accessed to service a request for content from the file system; and identifying an entry as an entry to be marked for eviction if the hit count associated therewith is less than the statistical threshold. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
calculating the statistical threshold based on the hit counts associated with all of the entries. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein calculating the statistical threshold based on the hit counts associated with all of the entries comprises calculating a standard deviation based on the hit counts associated with all of the entries. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
resetting a hit count associated with an entry if a predetermined amount of time has elapsed since a last time that the hit count associated with the entry was reset. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
calculating a mean value based on the hit counts associated with all of the entries; wherein resetting the hit count associated with the entry comprises resetting the hit count associated with the entry to the mean value. 12. A system, comprising:
a file system; and a content serving system that services request for content by accessing files on the file system, the content serving system including:
a file handle cache having a plurality of entries, each entry in the file handle cache storing a file handle associated with an open file in the file system, the file handle cache being accessible to obtain file handles for accessing open files on the file system; and
file handle cache management logic that is operable to analyze a time to live counter assigned to each entry in the file handle cache and to mark an entry for eviction if the time to live counter assigned thereto has expired, the value of the time to live counter that is assigned to each entry in the file handle cache being adaptively determined based on a measure of system resource utilization. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the value of the time to live counter that is assigned to each entry in the file handle cache is adaptive determined based on a measure of system memory utilization. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the file handle cache management logic is operable to analyze the time to live counter assigned to each entry in the file handle cached and to mark an entry for eviction if the time to live counter assigned thereto has expired while maintaining a shared lock on the file handle cache. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the file handle cache management logic is further operable to remove each entry marked for eviction from the file handle cache while maintaining an exclusive lock on the file handle cache. 16. A system, comprising:
a file system; and a content serving system that services request for content by accessing files on the file system, the content serving system including:
a file handle cache having a plurality of entries, each entry in the file handle cache storing a file handle associated with an open file in the file system, the file handle cache being accessible to obtain file handles for accessing open files on the file system; and
file handle cache management logic that is operable to analyze a hit count associated with each entry in the file handle cache and to mark an entry for eviction if the hit count is less than a statistical threshold, the hit count associated with each entry representing a number of times that the entry was accessed to service a request for content from the file system. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the statistical threshold comprises a standard deviation and wherein the file handle cache management logic is operable to calculate the standard deviation based on the hit counts associated with all of the entries. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the file handle cache management logic is further operable to reset a hit count associated with an entry if a predetermined amount of time has elapsed since a last time that the hit count associated with the entry was reset. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the file handle cache management logic is operable to analyze the hit count associated with each entry in the file handle cache and to mark an entry for eviction if the hit count is less than the statistical threshold while maintaining a shared lock on the file handle cache. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the file handle cache management logic is further operable to remove each entry marked for eviction from the file handle cache while maintaining an exclusive lock on the file handle cache. | Systems and methods are provided for evicting entries from a file handle cache. In accordance with certain embodiments, a two-stage eviction process is utilized. In a first stage of the eviction process, entries in the file entry cache are analyzed and marked for eviction while a shared lock is maintained on the file handle cache. The shared lock enables the file handle cache to be concurrently accessed by a content serving system to service content requests. In a second stage of the eviction process, entries in the file handle cache that are marked for eviction are removed while an exclusive lock is maintained on the file handle cache. The exclusive lock prevents the content serving system from concurrently accessing the file handle cache to service content requests.1. A method for evicting entries from a file handle cache, each entry in the file handle cache storing a file handle associated with an open file in a file system, the method comprising:
analyzing each entry in the file handle cache to identify entries to be marked for eviction and marking the identified entries for eviction while maintaining a shared lock on the file handle cache, the shared lock allowing the file handle cache to be concurrently accessed by one or more processes to obtain file handles for use in servicing requests for content from the file system; and removing the entries marked for eviction from the file handle cache while maintaining an exclusive lock on the file handle cache, the exclusive lock preventing the file handle cache from being concurrently accessed by the one or more processes. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein removing the entries marked for eviction from the file handle cache comprises moving the entries marked for eviction to a deletion list, the method further comprising:
issuing commands to the file system to close each open file associated with a file handle stored in the deletion list while not maintaining any lock on the file handle cache. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising deleting content from system memory and/or a disk that is associated with each file that is closed by the file system. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing each entry in the file handle cache to identify entries to be marked for eviction comprises:
determining if a time to live value associated with each entry has expired; and identifying an entry as an entry to be marked for eviction if the time to live value associated therewith has expired. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining if the time to live value associated with an entry has expired comprises:
decrementing the time to live value associated with the entry; and determining if the decremented time to live value is zero. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein analyzing each entry in the file handle cache to identify entries to be marked for eviction further comprises:
modifying the time to live value associated with each entry if a measure of system memory utilization exceeds a threshold. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein analyzing each entry in the file handle cache to identify entries to be marked for eviction comprises:
comparing a hit count associated with each entry to a statistical threshold, the hit count associated with each entry representing a number of times that the entry was accessed to service a request for content from the file system; and identifying an entry as an entry to be marked for eviction if the hit count associated therewith is less than the statistical threshold. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
calculating the statistical threshold based on the hit counts associated with all of the entries. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein calculating the statistical threshold based on the hit counts associated with all of the entries comprises calculating a standard deviation based on the hit counts associated with all of the entries. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
resetting a hit count associated with an entry if a predetermined amount of time has elapsed since a last time that the hit count associated with the entry was reset. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
calculating a mean value based on the hit counts associated with all of the entries; wherein resetting the hit count associated with the entry comprises resetting the hit count associated with the entry to the mean value. 12. A system, comprising:
a file system; and a content serving system that services request for content by accessing files on the file system, the content serving system including:
a file handle cache having a plurality of entries, each entry in the file handle cache storing a file handle associated with an open file in the file system, the file handle cache being accessible to obtain file handles for accessing open files on the file system; and
file handle cache management logic that is operable to analyze a time to live counter assigned to each entry in the file handle cache and to mark an entry for eviction if the time to live counter assigned thereto has expired, the value of the time to live counter that is assigned to each entry in the file handle cache being adaptively determined based on a measure of system resource utilization. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the value of the time to live counter that is assigned to each entry in the file handle cache is adaptive determined based on a measure of system memory utilization. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the file handle cache management logic is operable to analyze the time to live counter assigned to each entry in the file handle cached and to mark an entry for eviction if the time to live counter assigned thereto has expired while maintaining a shared lock on the file handle cache. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the file handle cache management logic is further operable to remove each entry marked for eviction from the file handle cache while maintaining an exclusive lock on the file handle cache. 16. A system, comprising:
a file system; and a content serving system that services request for content by accessing files on the file system, the content serving system including:
a file handle cache having a plurality of entries, each entry in the file handle cache storing a file handle associated with an open file in the file system, the file handle cache being accessible to obtain file handles for accessing open files on the file system; and
file handle cache management logic that is operable to analyze a hit count associated with each entry in the file handle cache and to mark an entry for eviction if the hit count is less than a statistical threshold, the hit count associated with each entry representing a number of times that the entry was accessed to service a request for content from the file system. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the statistical threshold comprises a standard deviation and wherein the file handle cache management logic is operable to calculate the standard deviation based on the hit counts associated with all of the entries. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the file handle cache management logic is further operable to reset a hit count associated with an entry if a predetermined amount of time has elapsed since a last time that the hit count associated with the entry was reset. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the file handle cache management logic is operable to analyze the hit count associated with each entry in the file handle cache and to mark an entry for eviction if the hit count is less than the statistical threshold while maintaining a shared lock on the file handle cache. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the file handle cache management logic is further operable to remove each entry marked for eviction from the file handle cache while maintaining an exclusive lock on the file handle cache. | 2,100 |
4,379 | 13,649,521 | 2,167 | A system, method, and computer-readable medium are disclosed for automating the management of a device description repository (DDR). A device properties detection script embedded in a web page is executed when the web page is processed by a browser. Upon execution, the embedded script determines various properties associated with the user's device, which are then provided along with the device's user-agent identifier for processing. In turn, the provided user-agent identifier is used to search a predetermined DDR for a matching user-agent identifier. If a matching user-agent identifier is not found, then the provided user-agent identifier and its corresponding device properties are stored in the DDR. The device properties associated with the user-agent identifier are then used to initiate the provision of device-optimized images to the browser. | 1. A computer-implementable method for automating the management of a device description repository (DDR), comprising:
receiving a first user-agent identifier and a request for a first image; receiving a first set of device properties associated with the first user-agent identifier; using the first user-agent identifier to search the DDR for a second user-agent identifier, the first user-agent identifier matching the second user-agent identifier; processing the first set of device parameters to initiate the provision of the first image if the second user-agent identifier is not found, the first image compatible with the first set of device properties; indexing the first user-agent identifier to the first set of device properties and to the first image; and storing the indexed first user-agent identifier and the first set of device properties in the DDR. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first user-agent identifier and the request for the first image is received from a web browser processing a web page; and the first set of device properties is provided by a device detection script embedded in the web page, the execution of the device detection script initiated by the processing of the web page by the web browser. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the second user-agent identifier is found in the DDR; and the second user-agent identifier is associated with a second set of device properties stored in the DDR. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the first and second sets of device parameters do not match each other; and the first and second sets of device properties are processed to generate revisions to the second set of device properties. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the revised second set of device properties is processed to initiate the provision of a second image compatible with the revised second set of device properties; and the second image is provided in response to the request for the first image. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of device properties comprises at least one of the set of:
the dimensions of the device's display; the resolution of the device's display; the communication capabilities of the device; and the data processing capabilities of the device. 7. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code interacting with a plurality of computer operations for automating the management of a device description repository (DDR) and comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
receiving a first user-agent identifier and a request for a first image;
receiving a first set of device properties associated with the first user-agent identifier;
using the first user-agent identifier to search the DDR for a second user-agent identifier, the first user-agent identifier matching the second user-agent identifier;
processing the first set of device parameters to initiate the provision of the first image if the second user-agent identifier is not found, the first image compatible with the first set of device properties;
indexing the first user-agent identifier to the first set of device properties and to the first image; and
storing the indexed first user-agent identifier and the first set of device properties in the DDR. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the first user-agent identifier and the request for the first image is received from a web browser processing a web page; and the first set of device properties is provided by a device detection script embedded in the web page, the execution of the device detection script initiated by the processing of the web page by the web browser. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the second user-agent identifier is found in the DDR; and the second user-agent identifier is associated with a second set of device properties stored in the DDR. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein:
the first and second sets of device parameters do not match each other; and the first and second sets of device properties are processed to generate revisions to the second set of device properties. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein:
the revised second set of device properties is processed to initiate the provision of a second image compatible with the revised second set of device properties; and the second image is provided in response to the request for the first image. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the first set of device properties comprises at least one of the set of:
the dimensions of the device's display; the resolution of the device's display; the communication capabilities of the device; and the data processing capabilities of the device. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
receiving a first user-agent identifier and a request for a first image; receiving a first set of device properties associated with the first user-agent identifier; using the first user-agent identifier to search the DDR for a second user-agent identifier, the first user-agent identifier matching the second user-agent identifier; processing the first set of device parameters to initiate the provision of the first image if the second user-agent identifier is not found, the first image compatible with the first set of device properties; indexing the first user-agent identifier to e first set of device properties and to the first image; and storing the indexed first user-agent identifier and the first set of device properties in the DDR. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the first user-agent identifier and the request for the first image is received from a web browser processing a web page; and the first set of device properties is provided by a device detection script embedded in the web page, the execution of the device detection script initiated by the processing of the web page by the web browser. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the second user-agent identifier is found in the DDR; and the second user-agent identifier is associated with a second set of device properties stored in the DDR. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the first and second sets of device parameters do not match each other; and the first and second sets of device properties are processed to generate revisions to the second set of device properties. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein:
the revised second set of device properties is processed to initiate the provision of a second image compatible with the revised second set of device properties; and the second image is provided in response to the request for the first image. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the first set of device properties comprises at least one of the set of:
the dimensions of the device's display; the resolution of the device's display; the communication capabilities of the device; and the data processing capabilities of the device. | A system, method, and computer-readable medium are disclosed for automating the management of a device description repository (DDR). A device properties detection script embedded in a web page is executed when the web page is processed by a browser. Upon execution, the embedded script determines various properties associated with the user's device, which are then provided along with the device's user-agent identifier for processing. In turn, the provided user-agent identifier is used to search a predetermined DDR for a matching user-agent identifier. If a matching user-agent identifier is not found, then the provided user-agent identifier and its corresponding device properties are stored in the DDR. The device properties associated with the user-agent identifier are then used to initiate the provision of device-optimized images to the browser.1. A computer-implementable method for automating the management of a device description repository (DDR), comprising:
receiving a first user-agent identifier and a request for a first image; receiving a first set of device properties associated with the first user-agent identifier; using the first user-agent identifier to search the DDR for a second user-agent identifier, the first user-agent identifier matching the second user-agent identifier; processing the first set of device parameters to initiate the provision of the first image if the second user-agent identifier is not found, the first image compatible with the first set of device properties; indexing the first user-agent identifier to the first set of device properties and to the first image; and storing the indexed first user-agent identifier and the first set of device properties in the DDR. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first user-agent identifier and the request for the first image is received from a web browser processing a web page; and the first set of device properties is provided by a device detection script embedded in the web page, the execution of the device detection script initiated by the processing of the web page by the web browser. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the second user-agent identifier is found in the DDR; and the second user-agent identifier is associated with a second set of device properties stored in the DDR. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the first and second sets of device parameters do not match each other; and the first and second sets of device properties are processed to generate revisions to the second set of device properties. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the revised second set of device properties is processed to initiate the provision of a second image compatible with the revised second set of device properties; and the second image is provided in response to the request for the first image. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of device properties comprises at least one of the set of:
the dimensions of the device's display; the resolution of the device's display; the communication capabilities of the device; and the data processing capabilities of the device. 7. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code interacting with a plurality of computer operations for automating the management of a device description repository (DDR) and comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
receiving a first user-agent identifier and a request for a first image;
receiving a first set of device properties associated with the first user-agent identifier;
using the first user-agent identifier to search the DDR for a second user-agent identifier, the first user-agent identifier matching the second user-agent identifier;
processing the first set of device parameters to initiate the provision of the first image if the second user-agent identifier is not found, the first image compatible with the first set of device properties;
indexing the first user-agent identifier to the first set of device properties and to the first image; and
storing the indexed first user-agent identifier and the first set of device properties in the DDR. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the first user-agent identifier and the request for the first image is received from a web browser processing a web page; and the first set of device properties is provided by a device detection script embedded in the web page, the execution of the device detection script initiated by the processing of the web page by the web browser. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein:
the second user-agent identifier is found in the DDR; and the second user-agent identifier is associated with a second set of device properties stored in the DDR. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein:
the first and second sets of device parameters do not match each other; and the first and second sets of device properties are processed to generate revisions to the second set of device properties. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein:
the revised second set of device properties is processed to initiate the provision of a second image compatible with the revised second set of device properties; and the second image is provided in response to the request for the first image. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the first set of device properties comprises at least one of the set of:
the dimensions of the device's display; the resolution of the device's display; the communication capabilities of the device; and the data processing capabilities of the device. 13. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
receiving a first user-agent identifier and a request for a first image; receiving a first set of device properties associated with the first user-agent identifier; using the first user-agent identifier to search the DDR for a second user-agent identifier, the first user-agent identifier matching the second user-agent identifier; processing the first set of device parameters to initiate the provision of the first image if the second user-agent identifier is not found, the first image compatible with the first set of device properties; indexing the first user-agent identifier to e first set of device properties and to the first image; and storing the indexed first user-agent identifier and the first set of device properties in the DDR. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the first user-agent identifier and the request for the first image is received from a web browser processing a web page; and the first set of device properties is provided by a device detection script embedded in the web page, the execution of the device detection script initiated by the processing of the web page by the web browser. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the second user-agent identifier is found in the DDR; and the second user-agent identifier is associated with a second set of device properties stored in the DDR. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the first and second sets of device parameters do not match each other; and the first and second sets of device properties are processed to generate revisions to the second set of device properties. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein:
the revised second set of device properties is processed to initiate the provision of a second image compatible with the revised second set of device properties; and the second image is provided in response to the request for the first image. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the first set of device properties comprises at least one of the set of:
the dimensions of the device's display; the resolution of the device's display; the communication capabilities of the device; and the data processing capabilities of the device. | 2,100 |
4,380 | 13,550,021 | 2,159 | A method of replicating a source file system on a storage system, the method including: utilising a changelog operable to store sequentially a data record corresponding to a modification of a source file system by a storage request; specifying a first data record of the changelog at a first time; initiating a scan of the directory inodes of the source file system at the first time; scanning the directory inodes; completing the scan at a second time later than the first time; specifying a second data record of the changelog at the second time; storing, in a database, information corresponding to the scanned directory inodes; updating the database with sequential data records from the first data record to the second data record of the changelog; and building, on a computer system, a replica target file system based on the database. | 1. A method of replicating a source file system on a storage system comprising at least one data storage resource in the absence of a complete changelog recording changes made to the file system since the file system has been in use, the data storage resource comprising a source file system operable to process storage requests to said data storage resource from one or more client computers, the source file system comprising a plurality of files and directories, each file being associated with a file inode and each directory being associated with a directory inode, the method comprising:
a) utilising, on a computer system, a changelog operable to store sequentially one or more data records each corresponding to a modification of the source file system by a storage request; b) specifying a first data record of said changelog at a first time; c) initiating, on a computer system, a scan of the directory inodes of said source file system at said first time; d) scanning, on a computer system. said directory inodes; e) completing, on a computer system, said scan at a second time later than said first time; f) specifying a second data record of said changelog at said second time; g) storing, in a database, information corresponding to said scanned directory inodes corresponding to directories which have not been modified since said first time; h) updating, on a computer system, said database with sequential data records from said first data record to said second data record of said changelog; and i) building, on a computer system, a replica target file system based on said database. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein step i) comprises:
j) creating, on a computer system, a directory structure of said replica target file system based on said database; and k) copying file data from said source file system based on said directory structure. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein, subsequent to step i), the method further comprises:
l) maintaining said changelog operable to store sequentially one or more data records each corresponding to a modification of the source file system by a storage request; m) at a third time later than said second time, specifying a third data record; n) updating, on a computer system, said database with sequential data records from said second data record to said third data record of said changelog; and o) building, on a computer system, a replica target file system based on said updated database. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein step d) comprises reading, for each directory inode in said scan, the parent object identifier, the parent object version, the filename, the child object identifier and the child object version of each directory entry in said directory inode. 5. A method according to claim 4, wherein in step g), said information includes the parent object identifier, the parent object version, the filename, the child object identifier and the child object version of each directory or file inode. 6. A method according to claim 5, wherein step h) comprises:
p) for each data record, comparing the parent object identifier, the parent object version, the filename, the child object identifier and the child object version of each directory or file inode and the version number of said child object identifier. 7. A method according to claim 6, wherein step p) further comprises retaining the information relating to the directory inode or file inode having the highest version number. 8. A method according to claim 1, wherein said changelog is immutable. 9. A controller, implemented on a computer system, operable to replicate a source file system on a storage system comprising at least one data storage resource in the absence of a complete changelog recording changes made to the file system since the file system has been in use, the data storage resource comprising a source file system operable to process storage requests to said data storage resource from one or more client computers, the source file system comprising a plurality of files and directories, each file being associated with a file inode and each directory being associated with a directory inode, the controller being operable to utilise a changelog operable to store sequentially one or more data records each corresponding to a modification of the source file system by a storage request; specify a first data record of said changelog at a first time; initiate a scan of the directory inodes of said source file system at said first time; scan said directory inodes; complete said scan at a second time later than said first time; specify a second data record of said changelog at said second time; store, in a database, information corresponding to said scanned directory inodes relating to directories which have not been modified since said first time; update said database with sequential data records from said first data record to said second data record of said changelog; and build a replica target file system based on said database. 10. A controller according to claim 9, wherein the controller is operable to build a replica target file system by: creating, on a computer system, a directory structure of said replica target file system based on said database; and copying file data from said source file system based on said directory structure. 11. A controller according to claim 9, further operable to maintain said changelog operable to store sequentially one or more data records each corresponding to a modification of the source file system by a storage request; to specify, at a third time later than said second time, a third data record; to update, on a computer system, said database with sequential data records from said second data record to said third data record of said changelog; and to build, on a computer system, a replica target file system based on said updated database. 12. A controller according to claim 9, further operable to perform said scan by reading, for each directory inode in said scan, the parent object identifier, the parent object version, the filename, the child object identifier and the child object version of each directory entry in said directory inode. 13. A controller according to claim 12, wherein said information includes the parent object identifier, the parent object version, the filename, the child object identifier and the child object version of each directory or file inode. 14. A controller according to claim 13, wherein the controller is operable to carry out said updating by, for each data record, comparing the parent object identifier, the parent object version, the filename, the child object identifier and the child object version of each directory or file inode and the version number of said child object identifier. 15. A controller according to claim 14, wherein said comparing comprises retaining the information relating to the directory inode or file inode having the highest version number. 16. A controller according to claim 9, wherein said changelog is immutable. 17. A storage system comprising at least one data storage resource and the controller of claim 9. 18. A non-transitory computer usable storage medium having a computer program product executable by a programmable processing apparatus, comprising one or more software portions for performing the steps of claim 1. | A method of replicating a source file system on a storage system, the method including: utilising a changelog operable to store sequentially a data record corresponding to a modification of a source file system by a storage request; specifying a first data record of the changelog at a first time; initiating a scan of the directory inodes of the source file system at the first time; scanning the directory inodes; completing the scan at a second time later than the first time; specifying a second data record of the changelog at the second time; storing, in a database, information corresponding to the scanned directory inodes; updating the database with sequential data records from the first data record to the second data record of the changelog; and building, on a computer system, a replica target file system based on the database.1. A method of replicating a source file system on a storage system comprising at least one data storage resource in the absence of a complete changelog recording changes made to the file system since the file system has been in use, the data storage resource comprising a source file system operable to process storage requests to said data storage resource from one or more client computers, the source file system comprising a plurality of files and directories, each file being associated with a file inode and each directory being associated with a directory inode, the method comprising:
a) utilising, on a computer system, a changelog operable to store sequentially one or more data records each corresponding to a modification of the source file system by a storage request; b) specifying a first data record of said changelog at a first time; c) initiating, on a computer system, a scan of the directory inodes of said source file system at said first time; d) scanning, on a computer system. said directory inodes; e) completing, on a computer system, said scan at a second time later than said first time; f) specifying a second data record of said changelog at said second time; g) storing, in a database, information corresponding to said scanned directory inodes corresponding to directories which have not been modified since said first time; h) updating, on a computer system, said database with sequential data records from said first data record to said second data record of said changelog; and i) building, on a computer system, a replica target file system based on said database. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein step i) comprises:
j) creating, on a computer system, a directory structure of said replica target file system based on said database; and k) copying file data from said source file system based on said directory structure. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein, subsequent to step i), the method further comprises:
l) maintaining said changelog operable to store sequentially one or more data records each corresponding to a modification of the source file system by a storage request; m) at a third time later than said second time, specifying a third data record; n) updating, on a computer system, said database with sequential data records from said second data record to said third data record of said changelog; and o) building, on a computer system, a replica target file system based on said updated database. 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein step d) comprises reading, for each directory inode in said scan, the parent object identifier, the parent object version, the filename, the child object identifier and the child object version of each directory entry in said directory inode. 5. A method according to claim 4, wherein in step g), said information includes the parent object identifier, the parent object version, the filename, the child object identifier and the child object version of each directory or file inode. 6. A method according to claim 5, wherein step h) comprises:
p) for each data record, comparing the parent object identifier, the parent object version, the filename, the child object identifier and the child object version of each directory or file inode and the version number of said child object identifier. 7. A method according to claim 6, wherein step p) further comprises retaining the information relating to the directory inode or file inode having the highest version number. 8. A method according to claim 1, wherein said changelog is immutable. 9. A controller, implemented on a computer system, operable to replicate a source file system on a storage system comprising at least one data storage resource in the absence of a complete changelog recording changes made to the file system since the file system has been in use, the data storage resource comprising a source file system operable to process storage requests to said data storage resource from one or more client computers, the source file system comprising a plurality of files and directories, each file being associated with a file inode and each directory being associated with a directory inode, the controller being operable to utilise a changelog operable to store sequentially one or more data records each corresponding to a modification of the source file system by a storage request; specify a first data record of said changelog at a first time; initiate a scan of the directory inodes of said source file system at said first time; scan said directory inodes; complete said scan at a second time later than said first time; specify a second data record of said changelog at said second time; store, in a database, information corresponding to said scanned directory inodes relating to directories which have not been modified since said first time; update said database with sequential data records from said first data record to said second data record of said changelog; and build a replica target file system based on said database. 10. A controller according to claim 9, wherein the controller is operable to build a replica target file system by: creating, on a computer system, a directory structure of said replica target file system based on said database; and copying file data from said source file system based on said directory structure. 11. A controller according to claim 9, further operable to maintain said changelog operable to store sequentially one or more data records each corresponding to a modification of the source file system by a storage request; to specify, at a third time later than said second time, a third data record; to update, on a computer system, said database with sequential data records from said second data record to said third data record of said changelog; and to build, on a computer system, a replica target file system based on said updated database. 12. A controller according to claim 9, further operable to perform said scan by reading, for each directory inode in said scan, the parent object identifier, the parent object version, the filename, the child object identifier and the child object version of each directory entry in said directory inode. 13. A controller according to claim 12, wherein said information includes the parent object identifier, the parent object version, the filename, the child object identifier and the child object version of each directory or file inode. 14. A controller according to claim 13, wherein the controller is operable to carry out said updating by, for each data record, comparing the parent object identifier, the parent object version, the filename, the child object identifier and the child object version of each directory or file inode and the version number of said child object identifier. 15. A controller according to claim 14, wherein said comparing comprises retaining the information relating to the directory inode or file inode having the highest version number. 16. A controller according to claim 9, wherein said changelog is immutable. 17. A storage system comprising at least one data storage resource and the controller of claim 9. 18. A non-transitory computer usable storage medium having a computer program product executable by a programmable processing apparatus, comprising one or more software portions for performing the steps of claim 1. | 2,100 |
4,381 | 13,569,843 | 2,178 | A method and system for storing data used by an add-in application in, or associated with, a document. Document-based applications, such as Microsoft® Word and Corel® WordPerfect®, can be functionally enhanced with third-party add-ins. Present methods of storing data in a document body can slow down the document-based application processing significantly as the document grows large and the data associated with the add-in or document application also grows. Other current methods use auxiliary files, which means that the auxiliary files must be kept with the document. The presented method and system enable efficient add-in storage in a document, without substantial slow-down in performance or interference with the user's ability to manipulate the document. Because data is stored within the document itself, the document can be shared without losing data used by the add-in application. | 1. A system for adding functionality to a document-based application comprising:
a. an add-in module; b. a data store for storing data elements created by the add-in module within a document created by the document-based application; and c. at least one rich item store for storing rich items. 2. The system of claim 1, where at least one data element is associated with a content segment in the document. 3. The system of claim 1, where at least one rich item is associated with the at least one data element. 4. The system of claim 1, where each of the at least one rich item stores comprises rich items whose type is one of: text, image data, sound data, or binary data. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the data is stored within the document using meta-data of the document. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the meta-data comprises document variables. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one rich item store serializes the rich items into a single block of data. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one rich item store deserializes a single block of data into rich items. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one rich item store also retrieves data. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the data store retrieves data from the document. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the add-in module stores a length of the content segment. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a bookmark management function. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the data stored in the document by the data store is not visible to a user. 14. A computer-implemented method for storing data in a document created by a document-based application comprising:
a. serializing rich items into a first block of string or binary data; b. serializing of additional data into a second block of string or binary data; and c. storing the first and second blocks of string or binary data in the document. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first block of data is serialized with the additional data, so that the second block of data contains both the first block of data and the additional data. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein a rich item store performs the serialization of rich items. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the serialization of rich items is performed using XML. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein a data store performs the steps of storing the first and second blocks of string or binary data in the document. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the data store stores the second block of string or binary data in the document using XML. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the data store stores the first and second blocks of string or binary data in the document in the meta-data of the document. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the meta-data comprises document variables. 22. A method for retrieving data in a document created by a document-based application comprising:
a. creating a data store object; b. retrieving serialized data from a document; c. an add-in module deserializing the serialized data, where the serialized data comprises serialized rich item data; and d. deserializing the serialized rich item data. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising loading deserialized data into at least one rich item store object. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one rich item store object includes formatted text representing an entry in a table of authorities for a citation in the document. 25. Non-transitory computer-readable media encoding instructions for storing data in a document created by a document-based application by performing the method of:
a. serializing rich items into a first block of string or binary data; b. serializing of additional data into a second block of string or binary data; and c. storing the first and second blocks of string or binary data in the document. 26. Non-transitory computer-readable media encoding instructions for retrieving data from a document created by a document-based application by performing the method of:
a. creating a data store object; b. retrieving serialized data from a document; c. an add-in module deserializing the serialized data, where the serialized data comprises serialized rich item data; and d. deserializing the serialized rich item data. | A method and system for storing data used by an add-in application in, or associated with, a document. Document-based applications, such as Microsoft® Word and Corel® WordPerfect®, can be functionally enhanced with third-party add-ins. Present methods of storing data in a document body can slow down the document-based application processing significantly as the document grows large and the data associated with the add-in or document application also grows. Other current methods use auxiliary files, which means that the auxiliary files must be kept with the document. The presented method and system enable efficient add-in storage in a document, without substantial slow-down in performance or interference with the user's ability to manipulate the document. Because data is stored within the document itself, the document can be shared without losing data used by the add-in application.1. A system for adding functionality to a document-based application comprising:
a. an add-in module; b. a data store for storing data elements created by the add-in module within a document created by the document-based application; and c. at least one rich item store for storing rich items. 2. The system of claim 1, where at least one data element is associated with a content segment in the document. 3. The system of claim 1, where at least one rich item is associated with the at least one data element. 4. The system of claim 1, where each of the at least one rich item stores comprises rich items whose type is one of: text, image data, sound data, or binary data. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the data is stored within the document using meta-data of the document. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the meta-data comprises document variables. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one rich item store serializes the rich items into a single block of data. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one rich item store deserializes a single block of data into rich items. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one rich item store also retrieves data. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the data store retrieves data from the document. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the add-in module stores a length of the content segment. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a bookmark management function. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the data stored in the document by the data store is not visible to a user. 14. A computer-implemented method for storing data in a document created by a document-based application comprising:
a. serializing rich items into a first block of string or binary data; b. serializing of additional data into a second block of string or binary data; and c. storing the first and second blocks of string or binary data in the document. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first block of data is serialized with the additional data, so that the second block of data contains both the first block of data and the additional data. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein a rich item store performs the serialization of rich items. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the serialization of rich items is performed using XML. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein a data store performs the steps of storing the first and second blocks of string or binary data in the document. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the data store stores the second block of string or binary data in the document using XML. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the data store stores the first and second blocks of string or binary data in the document in the meta-data of the document. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the meta-data comprises document variables. 22. A method for retrieving data in a document created by a document-based application comprising:
a. creating a data store object; b. retrieving serialized data from a document; c. an add-in module deserializing the serialized data, where the serialized data comprises serialized rich item data; and d. deserializing the serialized rich item data. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising loading deserialized data into at least one rich item store object. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one rich item store object includes formatted text representing an entry in a table of authorities for a citation in the document. 25. Non-transitory computer-readable media encoding instructions for storing data in a document created by a document-based application by performing the method of:
a. serializing rich items into a first block of string or binary data; b. serializing of additional data into a second block of string or binary data; and c. storing the first and second blocks of string or binary data in the document. 26. Non-transitory computer-readable media encoding instructions for retrieving data from a document created by a document-based application by performing the method of:
a. creating a data store object; b. retrieving serialized data from a document; c. an add-in module deserializing the serialized data, where the serialized data comprises serialized rich item data; and d. deserializing the serialized rich item data. | 2,100 |
4,382 | 13,966,679 | 2,111 | A memory system having a flexible read reference is disclosed. The system includes a memory partition, a failcount component, and a controller. The memory partition includes a plurality of memory cells. The failcount component is configured to generate failcounts in response to read operations of the memory partition. The controller is configured to calibrate a reference value for the memory partition by utilizing the failcounts. | 1. A memory system utilizing a flexible read reference, the system comprising:
a memory partition having a plurality of memory cells; a failcount component configured to generate failcounts in response to read operations of the memory partition, where the failcounts indicate a number of the memory cells having failed reads; and a controller configured to generate a calibrated reference value for the memory partition by utilizing the failcounts from the failcount component. 2. The system of claim 1, where the plurality of memory cells in the memory partition have been subjected to similar characteristics. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the similar characteristics include cycle time. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the reference value is a reference current. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the reference value is a reference voltage. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the failcount component utilizes one or more of checksums, parity bits, cyclic redundancy checks, and error correcting code to generate the failcounts. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the failcount component utilizes an error correcting code algorithm to generate the failcounts. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to perform the read operations with modified reference values to generate the calibrated reference value. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the modified reference values start with an initial value and are decreased by a step amount. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the calibrated reference value is identified according to a step limit. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the calibrated reference value is identified according to the failcount exceeding a fail limit. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to calibrate the reference value on boot or after a program or an erase operation. 13. A method of calibrating a memory system, the method comprising:
setting a reference value to an initial value; sequentially decreasing the reference value by a step amount until a limit is exceeded; and providing the reference value as a calibrated reference value. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein sequentially decreasing the reference value includes reducing the reference value by the step amount and reading the memory partition to obtain a failcount. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein sequentially decreasing the reference value includes comparing the failcount to the limit. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the limit is a fail limit. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the limit is a step limit. 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising selecting a memory partition having memory cells of similar characteristics prior to setting the reference value to an initial value. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising generating an initial failcount based on the initial value and increasing the reference value on the initial failcount exceeding an acceptable threshold. 20. A method of calibrating a read reference for a memory system, the method comprising:
selecting a memory partition of a memory device, the memory partition having similar cell state voltages; setting a reference value to an initial value; reading the memory partition using the initial value and obtaining an initial failcount; increasing the reference value by a step amount; reading the memory partition using the increased reference value and obtaining a modified failcount; and on the modified failcount exceeding the initial failcount, iteratively decreasing the reference value by the step amount until a decreased reference failcount is lower than or equal to a fail limit; and on the modified failcount being less than or equal to the initial failcount, iteratively increasing the reference value by the step amount until an increased reference failcount is lower than or equal to the fail limit. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein iteratively increasing the reference value includes increasing the reference value, reading the memory partition using the increased reference value to obtain the increased reference failcount, and repeating until the increased reference failcount is lower than or equal to the fail limit. | A memory system having a flexible read reference is disclosed. The system includes a memory partition, a failcount component, and a controller. The memory partition includes a plurality of memory cells. The failcount component is configured to generate failcounts in response to read operations of the memory partition. The controller is configured to calibrate a reference value for the memory partition by utilizing the failcounts.1. A memory system utilizing a flexible read reference, the system comprising:
a memory partition having a plurality of memory cells; a failcount component configured to generate failcounts in response to read operations of the memory partition, where the failcounts indicate a number of the memory cells having failed reads; and a controller configured to generate a calibrated reference value for the memory partition by utilizing the failcounts from the failcount component. 2. The system of claim 1, where the plurality of memory cells in the memory partition have been subjected to similar characteristics. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the similar characteristics include cycle time. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the reference value is a reference current. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the reference value is a reference voltage. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the failcount component utilizes one or more of checksums, parity bits, cyclic redundancy checks, and error correcting code to generate the failcounts. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the failcount component utilizes an error correcting code algorithm to generate the failcounts. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to perform the read operations with modified reference values to generate the calibrated reference value. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the modified reference values start with an initial value and are decreased by a step amount. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the calibrated reference value is identified according to a step limit. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the calibrated reference value is identified according to the failcount exceeding a fail limit. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to calibrate the reference value on boot or after a program or an erase operation. 13. A method of calibrating a memory system, the method comprising:
setting a reference value to an initial value; sequentially decreasing the reference value by a step amount until a limit is exceeded; and providing the reference value as a calibrated reference value. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein sequentially decreasing the reference value includes reducing the reference value by the step amount and reading the memory partition to obtain a failcount. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein sequentially decreasing the reference value includes comparing the failcount to the limit. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the limit is a fail limit. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the limit is a step limit. 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising selecting a memory partition having memory cells of similar characteristics prior to setting the reference value to an initial value. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising generating an initial failcount based on the initial value and increasing the reference value on the initial failcount exceeding an acceptable threshold. 20. A method of calibrating a read reference for a memory system, the method comprising:
selecting a memory partition of a memory device, the memory partition having similar cell state voltages; setting a reference value to an initial value; reading the memory partition using the initial value and obtaining an initial failcount; increasing the reference value by a step amount; reading the memory partition using the increased reference value and obtaining a modified failcount; and on the modified failcount exceeding the initial failcount, iteratively decreasing the reference value by the step amount until a decreased reference failcount is lower than or equal to a fail limit; and on the modified failcount being less than or equal to the initial failcount, iteratively increasing the reference value by the step amount until an increased reference failcount is lower than or equal to the fail limit. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein iteratively increasing the reference value includes increasing the reference value, reading the memory partition using the increased reference value to obtain the increased reference failcount, and repeating until the increased reference failcount is lower than or equal to the fail limit. | 2,100 |
4,383 | 13,563,351 | 2,124 | This document describes techniques and apparatuses enabling a tailored operating system learning experience. The techniques can tailor a learning experience to a user's computing device or a user's specifications. This tailoring to the user's computing device may include an interactive demonstration showing a new feature controlled through a mouse if the user's computing device has a mouse, or a touchscreen if the user's computing device has a touchscreen, for example. Further, this tailoring may include showing a new feature according to a user's specifications, such as describing a feature using a large font or with a large, bright mouse-pointer if the user indicated that he or she is visually impaired. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving a characteristic of a computing device, the computing device associated with an operating system (OS), the characteristic affecting use of an OS gesture; receiving a specification of an OS environment affecting an appearance or operation of the OS gesture; tailoring an OS learning experience demonstrating the OS gesture to the characteristic and the specification; and presenting the tailored OS learning experience effective to demonstrate the use of the OS gesture according to the characteristic of the computing device and with the appearance or operation of the specification. 2. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 1, wherein the characteristic of the computing device is a hardware characteristic, the hardware characteristic including a touch-sensitive display or a physical keyboard, and tailoring the OS learning experience tailors the OS learning experience effective to demonstrate the OS gesture entered through the touch-sensitive display or the physical keyboard, respectively. 3. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 1, wherein the specification of the OS environment affects the appearance of the OS gesture, the specification including a color or a pointer type or size, and tailoring the OS learning experience tailors a pointer associated with the gesture to the color, the pointer type, or the pointer size. 4. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 1, wherein the specification of the OS environment affects the operation of the OS gesture, the specification including a left-to-right orientation or a right-to-left orientation, and tailoring the OS learning experience tailors the OS gesture to the left-to-right orientation or the right-to-left orientation, respectively. 5. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 1, wherein the OS gesture is a sizing gesture for an immersive environment enabled by the OS, an edge gesture, or a corner gesture. 6. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 1, wherein the tailored OS learning experience enables interactions to alter, in real time, the presentation of the OS learning experience. 7. One or more computer-readable storage media comprising computer-readable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations comprising:
determining, based on a characteristic of a computing device, one or more subsets associated with the characteristic from operating system (OS) learning-experience subsets associated with a feature; customizing the determined subsets based on a specification of an OS environment; and creating an OS learning experience having the customized, determined subsets, the OS learning experience enabling demonstration of the feature according to the characteristic and the specification. 8. A computer-readable storage media according to claim 7, wherein the instructions, when executed, create the OS learning experience enabling interaction with the feature during presentation of the OS learning experience. 9. A computer-readable storage media according to claim 8, wherein the interaction is performed in conjunction with an operating system. 10. A computer-readable storage media according to claim 7, wherein the characteristic is a touch-sensitive display of the computing device and one of the customized, determined subsets is associated with a gesture feature and enables demonstration of a gesture through use of the touch-sensitive display. 11. A computer-readable storage media according to claim 7, wherein the specification includes a color, font size, font type, or pointer characteristic, and customizing customizes the determined subset to the specification by altering the determined subset to show the color, the font size, the font type, or the pointer characteristic. 12. A computer-implemented method comprising:
retrieving characteristics of a computing device, the computing device associated with an operating system (OS); responsive to an initial login event, presenting an OS setup experience, the OS setup experience enabling selection of specifications to customize an OS environment for the OS; receiving selected specifications customizing the OS environment; creating an OS learning experience tailored to the characteristics of the computing device and the selected specifications; and presenting the tailored OS learning experience. 13. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, wherein the tailored OS learning experience includes abstractions, the abstractions reducing a complexity of an actual representation of the OS. 14. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, wherein the tailored OS learning experience enables interactions to alter, in real time, the presentation of the tailored OS learning experience. 15. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, further comprising creating the OS setup experience, the OS setup experience tailored to the characteristics of the computing device. 16. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, wherein the characteristic of the computing device is a hardware characteristic, the hardware characteristic including a touch-sensitive display or a physical keyboard, and creating the OS learning experience tailors the OS learning experience to the touch-sensitive display or the physical keyboard, respectively. 17. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, wherein the selected specifications include one or more of a color, font type, font size, or language and creating the OS learning experience tailors the OS learning experience to include text associated thereof with the color, font type, font size, or language, respectively. 18. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, wherein the initial login event is a first boot of the OS or an entity's first login to the computing device. 19. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, wherein the tailored OS learning experience demonstrates use of a gesture usable to interact with or manage the OS. 20. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, further comprising enabling interaction with the tailored OS learning experience and, responsive to the interaction, tailoring presentation of the tailored OS learning experience to the interaction. | This document describes techniques and apparatuses enabling a tailored operating system learning experience. The techniques can tailor a learning experience to a user's computing device or a user's specifications. This tailoring to the user's computing device may include an interactive demonstration showing a new feature controlled through a mouse if the user's computing device has a mouse, or a touchscreen if the user's computing device has a touchscreen, for example. Further, this tailoring may include showing a new feature according to a user's specifications, such as describing a feature using a large font or with a large, bright mouse-pointer if the user indicated that he or she is visually impaired.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving a characteristic of a computing device, the computing device associated with an operating system (OS), the characteristic affecting use of an OS gesture; receiving a specification of an OS environment affecting an appearance or operation of the OS gesture; tailoring an OS learning experience demonstrating the OS gesture to the characteristic and the specification; and presenting the tailored OS learning experience effective to demonstrate the use of the OS gesture according to the characteristic of the computing device and with the appearance or operation of the specification. 2. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 1, wherein the characteristic of the computing device is a hardware characteristic, the hardware characteristic including a touch-sensitive display or a physical keyboard, and tailoring the OS learning experience tailors the OS learning experience effective to demonstrate the OS gesture entered through the touch-sensitive display or the physical keyboard, respectively. 3. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 1, wherein the specification of the OS environment affects the appearance of the OS gesture, the specification including a color or a pointer type or size, and tailoring the OS learning experience tailors a pointer associated with the gesture to the color, the pointer type, or the pointer size. 4. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 1, wherein the specification of the OS environment affects the operation of the OS gesture, the specification including a left-to-right orientation or a right-to-left orientation, and tailoring the OS learning experience tailors the OS gesture to the left-to-right orientation or the right-to-left orientation, respectively. 5. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 1, wherein the OS gesture is a sizing gesture for an immersive environment enabled by the OS, an edge gesture, or a corner gesture. 6. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 1, wherein the tailored OS learning experience enables interactions to alter, in real time, the presentation of the OS learning experience. 7. One or more computer-readable storage media comprising computer-readable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations comprising:
determining, based on a characteristic of a computing device, one or more subsets associated with the characteristic from operating system (OS) learning-experience subsets associated with a feature; customizing the determined subsets based on a specification of an OS environment; and creating an OS learning experience having the customized, determined subsets, the OS learning experience enabling demonstration of the feature according to the characteristic and the specification. 8. A computer-readable storage media according to claim 7, wherein the instructions, when executed, create the OS learning experience enabling interaction with the feature during presentation of the OS learning experience. 9. A computer-readable storage media according to claim 8, wherein the interaction is performed in conjunction with an operating system. 10. A computer-readable storage media according to claim 7, wherein the characteristic is a touch-sensitive display of the computing device and one of the customized, determined subsets is associated with a gesture feature and enables demonstration of a gesture through use of the touch-sensitive display. 11. A computer-readable storage media according to claim 7, wherein the specification includes a color, font size, font type, or pointer characteristic, and customizing customizes the determined subset to the specification by altering the determined subset to show the color, the font size, the font type, or the pointer characteristic. 12. A computer-implemented method comprising:
retrieving characteristics of a computing device, the computing device associated with an operating system (OS); responsive to an initial login event, presenting an OS setup experience, the OS setup experience enabling selection of specifications to customize an OS environment for the OS; receiving selected specifications customizing the OS environment; creating an OS learning experience tailored to the characteristics of the computing device and the selected specifications; and presenting the tailored OS learning experience. 13. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, wherein the tailored OS learning experience includes abstractions, the abstractions reducing a complexity of an actual representation of the OS. 14. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, wherein the tailored OS learning experience enables interactions to alter, in real time, the presentation of the tailored OS learning experience. 15. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, further comprising creating the OS setup experience, the OS setup experience tailored to the characteristics of the computing device. 16. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, wherein the characteristic of the computing device is a hardware characteristic, the hardware characteristic including a touch-sensitive display or a physical keyboard, and creating the OS learning experience tailors the OS learning experience to the touch-sensitive display or the physical keyboard, respectively. 17. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, wherein the selected specifications include one or more of a color, font type, font size, or language and creating the OS learning experience tailors the OS learning experience to include text associated thereof with the color, font type, font size, or language, respectively. 18. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, wherein the initial login event is a first boot of the OS or an entity's first login to the computing device. 19. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, wherein the tailored OS learning experience demonstrates use of a gesture usable to interact with or manage the OS. 20. A computer-implemented method as described in claim 12, further comprising enabling interaction with the tailored OS learning experience and, responsive to the interaction, tailoring presentation of the tailored OS learning experience to the interaction. | 2,100 |
4,384 | 14,006,686 | 2,144 | A system for generating a report based on image data is disclosed. A template selector ( 1 ) selecting a template from a plurality of templates, the template defining a structure for the report and data fields to be filled in for the report, wherein the template further defines associations between data fields and view descriptors, wherein a view descriptor defines an image type and a presentation mode of the image type. A data field presenter ( 2 ) presenting a representation of the data fields of the template to a user. An image dataset selector ( 4 ) automatically selecting at least one image dataset having the image type defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected at least one data field. A view generator ( 5 ) automatically generating a view of the at least one selected image dataset based on the presentation mode defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected at least one data field. A report generator ( 7 ) for generating the report based on the template and the data provided by the user. | 1. A system for generating a report based on image data, comprising
a template selector for selecting a template from a plurality of templates, the template defining a structure for the report and data fields to be filled in for the report, wherein the template further defines view descriptors and associations between the data fields and the view descriptors, wherein a view descriptor defines an image type and a presentation mode of the image type; a data field presenter for presenting a representation of the data fields of the template to a user, a data field selector for selecting at least one of the data fields; an image dataset selector for automatically selecting at least one image dataset of the image type defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected, at least one, data field; a view generator for automatically generating a view of the at least one selected image dataset based on the presentation mode defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected, at least one, data field; a user input unit for enabling the user to provide input for the content of the selected, at least one, data field during display of the generated view; a report generator for generating the report based on the template and the data provided by the user. 2. The system according to claim 1,
wherein the template further defines associations between data fields and measurement descriptors, wherein a measurement descriptor defines a measurement to be performed on the image type associated with the data field; the system further comprising a measurement tool for performing a measurement based on the selected, at least one, image dataset, and the measurement descriptor, to obtain measurement data; wherein the report generator is arranged for using the measurement data to fill in the at least one data field. 3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the measurement tool is operatively connected to the user input unit, and wherein the measurement tool performs the measurement also based on a user input. 4. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a report storage unit for storing the report in a data record associated with the subject of the at least one image dataset. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the report generator comprises a natural language generator for generating natural language comprising a representation of the data of the at least one data field. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the report generator is arranged for including a presentation of the at least one selected image dataset based on the view generated by the view generator and/or a presentation mode defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected, at least one, data field. 7. The system according to claim 1, comprising a first communication module for communicating with a picture archiving and communications system (PACS) comprising an image database and a second communication module for communicating with an information system comprising a radiology information system (RIS). 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the user input unit comprises a speech recognition module for enabling the user to supply information for at least one of the data fields using speech recognition. 9. A workstation comprising the system according to claim 1. 10. A method of generating a report, comprising
selecting a template from a plurality of templates, the template defining a structure for the report and data fields to be filled in for the report, wherein the template further defines view descriptors and associations between the data fields and the view descriptors, wherein a view descriptor defines an image type and a presentation mode of the image type; presenting a representation of the data fields of the template to a user, selecting at least one of the data fields; automatically selecting at least one image dataset of the image type defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected, at least one, data field; automatically generating a view of the at least one selected image dataset based on the presentation mode defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected, at least one, data field; enabling the user to provide input for the content of the selected, at least one, data field during display of the generated view; and generating the report based on the template and the data provided by the user. 11. A computer program product comprising instructions for causing a processor system to perform the method according to claim 10. | A system for generating a report based on image data is disclosed. A template selector ( 1 ) selecting a template from a plurality of templates, the template defining a structure for the report and data fields to be filled in for the report, wherein the template further defines associations between data fields and view descriptors, wherein a view descriptor defines an image type and a presentation mode of the image type. A data field presenter ( 2 ) presenting a representation of the data fields of the template to a user. An image dataset selector ( 4 ) automatically selecting at least one image dataset having the image type defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected at least one data field. A view generator ( 5 ) automatically generating a view of the at least one selected image dataset based on the presentation mode defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected at least one data field. A report generator ( 7 ) for generating the report based on the template and the data provided by the user.1. A system for generating a report based on image data, comprising
a template selector for selecting a template from a plurality of templates, the template defining a structure for the report and data fields to be filled in for the report, wherein the template further defines view descriptors and associations between the data fields and the view descriptors, wherein a view descriptor defines an image type and a presentation mode of the image type; a data field presenter for presenting a representation of the data fields of the template to a user, a data field selector for selecting at least one of the data fields; an image dataset selector for automatically selecting at least one image dataset of the image type defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected, at least one, data field; a view generator for automatically generating a view of the at least one selected image dataset based on the presentation mode defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected, at least one, data field; a user input unit for enabling the user to provide input for the content of the selected, at least one, data field during display of the generated view; a report generator for generating the report based on the template and the data provided by the user. 2. The system according to claim 1,
wherein the template further defines associations between data fields and measurement descriptors, wherein a measurement descriptor defines a measurement to be performed on the image type associated with the data field; the system further comprising a measurement tool for performing a measurement based on the selected, at least one, image dataset, and the measurement descriptor, to obtain measurement data; wherein the report generator is arranged for using the measurement data to fill in the at least one data field. 3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the measurement tool is operatively connected to the user input unit, and wherein the measurement tool performs the measurement also based on a user input. 4. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a report storage unit for storing the report in a data record associated with the subject of the at least one image dataset. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the report generator comprises a natural language generator for generating natural language comprising a representation of the data of the at least one data field. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the report generator is arranged for including a presentation of the at least one selected image dataset based on the view generated by the view generator and/or a presentation mode defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected, at least one, data field. 7. The system according to claim 1, comprising a first communication module for communicating with a picture archiving and communications system (PACS) comprising an image database and a second communication module for communicating with an information system comprising a radiology information system (RIS). 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the user input unit comprises a speech recognition module for enabling the user to supply information for at least one of the data fields using speech recognition. 9. A workstation comprising the system according to claim 1. 10. A method of generating a report, comprising
selecting a template from a plurality of templates, the template defining a structure for the report and data fields to be filled in for the report, wherein the template further defines view descriptors and associations between the data fields and the view descriptors, wherein a view descriptor defines an image type and a presentation mode of the image type; presenting a representation of the data fields of the template to a user, selecting at least one of the data fields; automatically selecting at least one image dataset of the image type defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected, at least one, data field; automatically generating a view of the at least one selected image dataset based on the presentation mode defined by the view descriptor associated with the selected, at least one, data field; enabling the user to provide input for the content of the selected, at least one, data field during display of the generated view; and generating the report based on the template and the data provided by the user. 11. A computer program product comprising instructions for causing a processor system to perform the method according to claim 10. | 2,100 |
4,385 | 13,706,071 | 2,165 | A method of providing users of a search engine with enhanced search results is disclosed. An entering of a search term by a user at the search engine is identified. It is determined that the search term is relevant to a data item stored in a database of a networked system that is external from the search engine. It is identified that the search engine has generated a search results page for the user in response to the entering of the search term by the user. A user interface is embedded in the search results page that provides the user with an option to access the data item without navigating away from the search results page. | 1. A method comprising;
identifying an entering of a search term by a user at a search engine; determining that the search term is relevant to a data item stored in a database of a networked system that is external from the search engine; identifying that the search engine has generated a search results page for the user in response to the entering of the search term by the user; and embedding, using a processor, a user interface in the search results page that provides the user with an option to access the data item without navigating away from the search results page. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the search term corresponds to one of a product and a service that is associated with a listing on the networked system and the data item includes information about the listing. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the information about the listing includes at least one of an image associated with the listing and information about a seller associated with the listing. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining that the search term is relevant to the data item is based on an identification that an additional user navigated away from an additional search results page to access the data item on a web site of the networked system, the additional search results page having been generated by the search engine in response to an entering of the search term by the additional user. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the embedding of the user interface is based on a determination that the search results include a link to a web page that is hosted on the external system. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising embedding an additional user interface in the search results page that allows the user to perform an action with respect to the external system without navigating away from the search results page. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising determining that the action is to purchase one of a product and a service that is listed on the networked system based on the search term including a reference to a web site that is hosted on the networked system. 8. A system comprising;
a processor-implemented search engine plug-in that is configured to: identify an entering of a search term by a user at a search engine; determine that the search term is relevant to a data item stored in a database of a networked system that is external from the search engine; identify that the search engine has generated a search results page for the user in response to the entering of the search term by the user; and embed a user interface in the search results page that provides the user with an option to access the data item without navigating away from the search results page. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the search term corresponds to one of a product and a service that is associated with a listing on the networked system and the data item includes information about the listing. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the information about the listing includes at least one of an image associated with the listing and information about a seller associated with the listing. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the determining that the search term is relevant to the data item is based on an identification that an additional user navigated away from an additional search results page to access the data item on a web site of the networked system, the additional search results page having been generated by the search engine in response to an entering of the search term b the additional user. 12. . The system of claim 8, wherein the embedding of the user interface is based on a determination that the search results include a link to a web page that is hosted on the external system. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the search engine plug-in is further configured to embed an additional user interface in the search results page that allows the user to perform an action with respect to the external system without navigating away from the search results page. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the action is to purchase one of a product and a service that is listed on the networked system and that is relevant to the search term. 15. A non-transitory machine readable medium embodying a set of instructions that when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations to match an advertisement to a user, the operations comprising:
identifying an entering of a search term by a user at a search engine; determining that the search term is relevant to a data item stored in a database of a networked system that is external from the search engine; identifying that the search engine has generated a search results page o the user in response to the entering of the search term by the user; and embedding a user interface in the search results page that provides the user with an option to access the data item without navigating away from the search results page. 16. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the search term corresponds to one of a product and a service that is associated with a listing on the networked system and the data item includes information about the listing. 17. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 16, wherein the information about the list Mg includes at least one of an image associated with the listing and information about a seller associated with the listing. 18. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the determining that the search term is relevant to the data item is based on an identification that an additional user navigated away from an additional search results page to access the data item on a web site of the networked system, the additional search results page haying been generated by the search engine in response to an entering of the search term by the additional user. 19. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the embedding of the user interface is based on a determination that the search results include a link to a web page that is hosted on the external system. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, the operations further comprising embedding an additional user interface in the search results page that allows the user to perform an action with respect to the external system without navigating away from the search results page. | A method of providing users of a search engine with enhanced search results is disclosed. An entering of a search term by a user at the search engine is identified. It is determined that the search term is relevant to a data item stored in a database of a networked system that is external from the search engine. It is identified that the search engine has generated a search results page for the user in response to the entering of the search term by the user. A user interface is embedded in the search results page that provides the user with an option to access the data item without navigating away from the search results page.1. A method comprising;
identifying an entering of a search term by a user at a search engine; determining that the search term is relevant to a data item stored in a database of a networked system that is external from the search engine; identifying that the search engine has generated a search results page for the user in response to the entering of the search term by the user; and embedding, using a processor, a user interface in the search results page that provides the user with an option to access the data item without navigating away from the search results page. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the search term corresponds to one of a product and a service that is associated with a listing on the networked system and the data item includes information about the listing. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the information about the listing includes at least one of an image associated with the listing and information about a seller associated with the listing. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining that the search term is relevant to the data item is based on an identification that an additional user navigated away from an additional search results page to access the data item on a web site of the networked system, the additional search results page having been generated by the search engine in response to an entering of the search term by the additional user. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the embedding of the user interface is based on a determination that the search results include a link to a web page that is hosted on the external system. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising embedding an additional user interface in the search results page that allows the user to perform an action with respect to the external system without navigating away from the search results page. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising determining that the action is to purchase one of a product and a service that is listed on the networked system based on the search term including a reference to a web site that is hosted on the networked system. 8. A system comprising;
a processor-implemented search engine plug-in that is configured to: identify an entering of a search term by a user at a search engine; determine that the search term is relevant to a data item stored in a database of a networked system that is external from the search engine; identify that the search engine has generated a search results page for the user in response to the entering of the search term by the user; and embed a user interface in the search results page that provides the user with an option to access the data item without navigating away from the search results page. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the search term corresponds to one of a product and a service that is associated with a listing on the networked system and the data item includes information about the listing. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the information about the listing includes at least one of an image associated with the listing and information about a seller associated with the listing. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the determining that the search term is relevant to the data item is based on an identification that an additional user navigated away from an additional search results page to access the data item on a web site of the networked system, the additional search results page having been generated by the search engine in response to an entering of the search term b the additional user. 12. . The system of claim 8, wherein the embedding of the user interface is based on a determination that the search results include a link to a web page that is hosted on the external system. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the search engine plug-in is further configured to embed an additional user interface in the search results page that allows the user to perform an action with respect to the external system without navigating away from the search results page. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the action is to purchase one of a product and a service that is listed on the networked system and that is relevant to the search term. 15. A non-transitory machine readable medium embodying a set of instructions that when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations to match an advertisement to a user, the operations comprising:
identifying an entering of a search term by a user at a search engine; determining that the search term is relevant to a data item stored in a database of a networked system that is external from the search engine; identifying that the search engine has generated a search results page o the user in response to the entering of the search term by the user; and embedding a user interface in the search results page that provides the user with an option to access the data item without navigating away from the search results page. 16. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the search term corresponds to one of a product and a service that is associated with a listing on the networked system and the data item includes information about the listing. 17. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 16, wherein the information about the list Mg includes at least one of an image associated with the listing and information about a seller associated with the listing. 18. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the determining that the search term is relevant to the data item is based on an identification that an additional user navigated away from an additional search results page to access the data item on a web site of the networked system, the additional search results page haying been generated by the search engine in response to an entering of the search term by the additional user. 19. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the embedding of the user interface is based on a determination that the search results include a link to a web page that is hosted on the external system. 20. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, the operations further comprising embedding an additional user interface in the search results page that allows the user to perform an action with respect to the external system without navigating away from the search results page. | 2,100 |
4,386 | 14,056,491 | 2,156 | A computer system is operable to receive a plurality of database tables from a plurality of clients, and store the database tables. The system permits a user to create a plurality of views for the database tables. Each of the plurality of views includes a plurality of fields. The system associates the plurality of views with a generic application, and presents to a user one or more configuration options. The configuration options include the plurality of fields. The system permits a user to define a generic field role for one or more of the plurality of fields. Finally, the system executes the generic application using the configuration options selected by the user and the defined generic field roles to create a user interface for a particular client. | 1. A system comprising:
a computer processor operable to:
receive a plurality of database tables from a plurality of clients, wherein each of the database tables comprises a database model;
store the database tables in a computer storage device;
create a plurality of views for the database tables, the plurality of views each comprising a plurality of fields;
associate the plurality of views with a generic application, wherein each of the plurality of views serves as a connection between the generic application and a particular database model of a particular client;
present to a user one or more configuration options, the configuration options comprising the plurality of fields;
define a generic field role for one or more of the plurality of fields; and
execute the generic application using the configuration options selected by the user and the defined generic field roles to create a user interface for a particular client. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of clients represent a plurality of industries. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer storage device comprises an in-memory database. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the in-memory database is associated with a software vendor and maintained by the software vendor for the plurality of clients. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the generic field role comprises one or more of a selection field, a key field, and a data enrichment field. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the selection field comprises a column in a client database, and wherein the selection field is operable to function as a filter to limit a number of rows of the client database that are processed. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the computer processor is operable to map the key field such that data from the plurality of database tables is available for use in a user interface and the data enrichment field. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises a fraud management system. 9. A method comprising:
receiving a plurality of database tables from a plurality of clients, wherein each of the database tables comprises a database model; storing the database tables in a computer storage device; creating a plurality of views for the database tables, the plurality of views each comprising a plurality of fields; associating the plurality of views with a generic application, wherein each of the plurality of views serves as a connection between the generic application and a particular database model of a particular client; presenting to a user one or more configuration options, the configuration options comprising the plurality of fields; defining a generic field role for one or more of the plurality of fields; and executing the generic application using the configuration options selected by the user and the defined generic field roles to create a user interface for a particular client. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of clients represent a plurality of industries. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the computer storage device comprises an in-memory database. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the in-memory database is associated with a software vendor and maintained by the software vendor for the plurality of clients. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the generic field role comprises one or more of a selection field, a key field, and a data enrichment field. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the selection field comprises a column in a client database, and wherein the selection field is operable to function as a filter to limit a number of rows of the client database that are processed. 15. The method of claim 13, comprising mapping the key field such that data from the plurality of database tables is available for use in a user interface and the data enrichment field. 16. A computer readable medium comprising instructions that when executed by a processor execute a process comprising:
receiving a plurality of database tables from a plurality of clients, wherein each of the database tables comprises a database model; storing the database tables in a computer storage device; creating a plurality of views for the database tables, the plurality of views each comprising a plurality of fields; associating the plurality of views with a generic application, wherein each of the plurality of views serves as a connection between the generic application and a particular database model of a particular client; presenting to a user one or more configuration options, the configuration options comprising the plurality of fields; defining a generic field role for one or more of the plurality of fields; and executing the generic application using the configuration options selected by the user and the defined generic field roles to create a user interface for a particular client. 17. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the computer storage device comprises an in-memory database; and wherein the in-memory database is associated with a software vendor and maintained by the software vendor for the plurality of clients. 18. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the generic field role comprises one or more of a selection field, a key field, and a data enrichment field. 19. The computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the selection field comprises a column in a client database, and wherein the selection field is operable to function as a filter to limit a number of rows of the client database that are processed. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 18, comprising instructions for mapping the key field such that data from the plurality of database tables is available for use in a user interface and the data enrichment field. | A computer system is operable to receive a plurality of database tables from a plurality of clients, and store the database tables. The system permits a user to create a plurality of views for the database tables. Each of the plurality of views includes a plurality of fields. The system associates the plurality of views with a generic application, and presents to a user one or more configuration options. The configuration options include the plurality of fields. The system permits a user to define a generic field role for one or more of the plurality of fields. Finally, the system executes the generic application using the configuration options selected by the user and the defined generic field roles to create a user interface for a particular client.1. A system comprising:
a computer processor operable to:
receive a plurality of database tables from a plurality of clients, wherein each of the database tables comprises a database model;
store the database tables in a computer storage device;
create a plurality of views for the database tables, the plurality of views each comprising a plurality of fields;
associate the plurality of views with a generic application, wherein each of the plurality of views serves as a connection between the generic application and a particular database model of a particular client;
present to a user one or more configuration options, the configuration options comprising the plurality of fields;
define a generic field role for one or more of the plurality of fields; and
execute the generic application using the configuration options selected by the user and the defined generic field roles to create a user interface for a particular client. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of clients represent a plurality of industries. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer storage device comprises an in-memory database. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the in-memory database is associated with a software vendor and maintained by the software vendor for the plurality of clients. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the generic field role comprises one or more of a selection field, a key field, and a data enrichment field. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the selection field comprises a column in a client database, and wherein the selection field is operable to function as a filter to limit a number of rows of the client database that are processed. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the computer processor is operable to map the key field such that data from the plurality of database tables is available for use in a user interface and the data enrichment field. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises a fraud management system. 9. A method comprising:
receiving a plurality of database tables from a plurality of clients, wherein each of the database tables comprises a database model; storing the database tables in a computer storage device; creating a plurality of views for the database tables, the plurality of views each comprising a plurality of fields; associating the plurality of views with a generic application, wherein each of the plurality of views serves as a connection between the generic application and a particular database model of a particular client; presenting to a user one or more configuration options, the configuration options comprising the plurality of fields; defining a generic field role for one or more of the plurality of fields; and executing the generic application using the configuration options selected by the user and the defined generic field roles to create a user interface for a particular client. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of clients represent a plurality of industries. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the computer storage device comprises an in-memory database. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the in-memory database is associated with a software vendor and maintained by the software vendor for the plurality of clients. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the generic field role comprises one or more of a selection field, a key field, and a data enrichment field. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the selection field comprises a column in a client database, and wherein the selection field is operable to function as a filter to limit a number of rows of the client database that are processed. 15. The method of claim 13, comprising mapping the key field such that data from the plurality of database tables is available for use in a user interface and the data enrichment field. 16. A computer readable medium comprising instructions that when executed by a processor execute a process comprising:
receiving a plurality of database tables from a plurality of clients, wherein each of the database tables comprises a database model; storing the database tables in a computer storage device; creating a plurality of views for the database tables, the plurality of views each comprising a plurality of fields; associating the plurality of views with a generic application, wherein each of the plurality of views serves as a connection between the generic application and a particular database model of a particular client; presenting to a user one or more configuration options, the configuration options comprising the plurality of fields; defining a generic field role for one or more of the plurality of fields; and executing the generic application using the configuration options selected by the user and the defined generic field roles to create a user interface for a particular client. 17. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the computer storage device comprises an in-memory database; and wherein the in-memory database is associated with a software vendor and maintained by the software vendor for the plurality of clients. 18. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the generic field role comprises one or more of a selection field, a key field, and a data enrichment field. 19. The computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the selection field comprises a column in a client database, and wherein the selection field is operable to function as a filter to limit a number of rows of the client database that are processed. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 18, comprising instructions for mapping the key field such that data from the plurality of database tables is available for use in a user interface and the data enrichment field. | 2,100 |
4,387 | 14,211,461 | 2,117 | Disclosed is a system for controlling pool/spa components. More particularly, disclosed is a system for controlling pool/spa components including a display screen and one or more processors presenting a control user interface for display on the display screen, wherein the control user interface includes a home screen comprising a first portion containing a first plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling a first group of the plurality of pool/spa components associated with a first body of water, and a second portion containing a second plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling a second group of the plurality of pool/spa components associated with a second body of water. | 1. A system for controlling a plurality of pool/spa components, the system including a display screen and one or more processors presenting a control user interface for display on the display screen, wherein the control user interface includes a home screen comprising:
a first portion containing a first plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling a first group of the plurality of pool/spa components associated with a first body of water, and a second portion containing a second plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling a second group of the plurality of pool/spa components associated with a second body of water. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the control user interface further includes a feature menu screen comprising a first feature menu button corresponding to a first pool/spa function and a second feature menu button corresponding to a second pool/spa function. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein activation of the first feature menu button causes a feature screen to be displayed, the feature screen including first feature buttons and/or controls for controlling a first pool/spa component and second feature buttons and/or controls for controlling a second pool/spa component, the first pool/spa component and the second pool/spa component relating to the first pool/spa function. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first feature button and/or control changes color based on the one or more processors determining that the first pool/spa component has powered off. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the first pool/spa function relates to at least one of: heating, water spillover, lighting, displays, filters, water chemistry, water features, spa blowers, pumps, fire pit, back lights, or spa jets. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the feature screen includes scheduling buttons and/or controls for receiving, via the control user interface, scheduling information specifying a date and/or time, wherein the one or more processors automatically sends at the specified date and/or time at least one control signal to the first pool/spa component and the second pool/spa component based on the scheduling information. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the user interface comprises color notifications for indicating a status and/or condition of at least one pool/spa component of the plurality of pool/spa components. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the user interface comprises pop-up messages that can be displayed based on the system determining at least one of: occurrence of a normal operation or condition, occurrence of an operation or condition that is not normal but which is not serious, or occurrence of an operation or condition that is dangerous and/or serious. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the home screen further includes at least one of: a portion for indicating a date and/or time, a portion for indicating weather conditions, or a portion for indicating information relating to sunrise and sunset. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of buttons and/or controls are selectable and/or reconfigurable by a user via the control user interface. 11. A system for controlling pool/spa components, the system comprising one or more processors configured to, receive information identifying a modular relay pack installed in a pool/spa controller, the modular relay pack comprising a plurality of relays including a first relay and a second relay;
perform a first assignment of the first relay to a first pool/spa component; perform a second assignment of the second relay to a second pool/spa component; cause a display to present a control user interface comprising a plurality of buttons and/or controls including a first button and/or control and a second button and/or control; receive, via the user interface, a first input activating the first button and/or control; based on the first input and the first assignment, send a first control signal to control the first pool/spa component; receive, via the user interface, a second input activating the second button and/or control; and based on the second input and the second assignment, send a second control signal to control the second pool/spa component. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein at least one of the first assignment or the second assignment is performed via the user interface. 13. The system of claim 12, the one or more processors further configured to present, via the user interface, information received from a sensor interface relating to an operating parameter of the first pool/spa component, wherein the operating parameter is controllable by a user via the first button and/or control. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein a screen of the control user interface comprises a first portion containing a first subset of the plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling a group of pool/spa components associated with a first body of water, and a second portion containing a second subset of the plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling another group of pool/spa components associated with a second body of water. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the first pool/spa component comprises one of a heater, a pump, a light, or a pH dispense unit, and the second pool/spa component comprises one of a heater, a pump, a light, or a pH dispense unit. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the control user interface includes a theme button associated with the first pool/spa component and the second pool/spa component, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to receive, via the user interface, theme input activating the theme button, and send at least one theme message to control the first pool/spa component and the second pool/spa component based on the theme input. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the user interface comprises color notifications for indicating a status and/or condition of at least one pool/spa component of the plurality of pool/spa components. 18. The system of claim 11, the one or more processors further configured to, perform a third assignment of the second relay to a third pool/spa component instead of the second pool/spa component;
cause the display to present a control user interface comprising another plurality of buttons and/or controls including the first button and/or control and a third button and/or control; receive, via the user interface, a third input activating the third button and/or control; and based on the third input and the third assignment, send a third control signal to control the third pool/spa component. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of buttons and/or controls are selectable and/or reconfigurable by a user via the user interface. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of buttons and/or controls further include a chlorinator button and/or control for controlling a chlorinator unit, the chlorinator unit connected to the one or more processors through a chlorinator control subsystem. 21. The system of claim 11, wherein the user interface is presented on a display of at least one of a remote control unit, a wireless device, a website accessibly by the Internet, or a locally served web page accessibly by a computer. 22. The system of claim 11, wherein the user interface further comprises a group of buttons and/or controls for controlling a group of pool/spa components connected to the one or more processors, the group of pool/spa components sharing a common pool/spa function, wherein the group of buttons and/or controls is automatically updated to include an additional button and/or control upon the one or more processors assigning to an additional relay an additional pool/spa component having the common pool/spa function. 23. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to receive, via the user interface, scheduling information for scheduling control of the first pool/spa component at a specified date and/or time, and automatically send at the specified date and/or time at least one control signal to the first pool/spa component based on the scheduling information. 24. A method for controlling pool/spa components, comprising the steps of,
receiving, by one or more processors, information identifying a modular relay pack installed in a pool/spa controller, the modular relay pack comprising a plurality of relays including a first relay and a second relay; performing, by the one or more processors, a first assignment of the first relay to a first pool/spa component; performing, by the one or more processors, a second assignment of the second relay to a second pool/spa component; causing, by the one or more processors, a display to present a control user interface comprising a plurality of buttons and/or controls including a first button and/or control and a second button and/or control; receiving, by the one or more processors via the user interface, a first input activating the first button and/or control; based on the first input and the first assignment, sending, by the one or more processors, a first control signal to control the first pool/spa component; receiving, by the control processor via the user interface, a second input activating the second button and/or control; and based on the second input and the second assignment, sending, by the one or more processors, a second control signal to control the second pool/spa component. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising presenting, by the one or more processors via the user interface, information received from a sensor interface relating to an operating parameter of the first pool/spa component, and controlling, by one or more processors, the operating parameter based on input received from a user via the first button and/or control. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein a screen of the control user interface comprises a first portion containing a first subset of the plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling a group of pool/spa components associated with a first body of water, and a second portion containing a second subset of the plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling another group of pool/spa components associated with a second body of water. 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising,
performing, by the one or more processors, a third assignment of the second relay to a third pool/spa component instead of the second pool/spa component; causing, by the one or more processors, the display to present a control user interface comprising another plurality of buttons and/or controls including the first button and/or control and a third button and/or control; receiving, by the one or more processors via the user interface, a third input activating the third button and/or control; and based on the third input and the third assignment, sending, by the one or more processors via the user interface, a third control signal to control the third pool/spa component. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein the first pool/spa component comprises one of a heater, a pump, a light, or a pH dispense unit, and the second pool/spa component comprises one of a heater, a pump, a light, or a pH dispense unit. 29. The method of claim 24, wherein the user interface includes a theme button associated with the first pool/spa component and the second pool/spa component, and wherein the method further comprising receiving, by the one or more processors via the user interface, theme input activating the theme button, and sending at least one theme message to control the first pool/spa component and the second pool/spa component based on the theme input. 30. The method of claim 24, further comprising
receiving, by the one or more processors via the user interface, scheduling information for scheduling control of the first pool/spa component at a specified date and/or time; and automatically sending at the specified date and/or time, by the one or more processors, a control message to control the first pool/spa component based on the scheduling information. | Disclosed is a system for controlling pool/spa components. More particularly, disclosed is a system for controlling pool/spa components including a display screen and one or more processors presenting a control user interface for display on the display screen, wherein the control user interface includes a home screen comprising a first portion containing a first plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling a first group of the plurality of pool/spa components associated with a first body of water, and a second portion containing a second plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling a second group of the plurality of pool/spa components associated with a second body of water.1. A system for controlling a plurality of pool/spa components, the system including a display screen and one or more processors presenting a control user interface for display on the display screen, wherein the control user interface includes a home screen comprising:
a first portion containing a first plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling a first group of the plurality of pool/spa components associated with a first body of water, and a second portion containing a second plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling a second group of the plurality of pool/spa components associated with a second body of water. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the control user interface further includes a feature menu screen comprising a first feature menu button corresponding to a first pool/spa function and a second feature menu button corresponding to a second pool/spa function. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein activation of the first feature menu button causes a feature screen to be displayed, the feature screen including first feature buttons and/or controls for controlling a first pool/spa component and second feature buttons and/or controls for controlling a second pool/spa component, the first pool/spa component and the second pool/spa component relating to the first pool/spa function. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first feature button and/or control changes color based on the one or more processors determining that the first pool/spa component has powered off. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the first pool/spa function relates to at least one of: heating, water spillover, lighting, displays, filters, water chemistry, water features, spa blowers, pumps, fire pit, back lights, or spa jets. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the feature screen includes scheduling buttons and/or controls for receiving, via the control user interface, scheduling information specifying a date and/or time, wherein the one or more processors automatically sends at the specified date and/or time at least one control signal to the first pool/spa component and the second pool/spa component based on the scheduling information. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the user interface comprises color notifications for indicating a status and/or condition of at least one pool/spa component of the plurality of pool/spa components. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the user interface comprises pop-up messages that can be displayed based on the system determining at least one of: occurrence of a normal operation or condition, occurrence of an operation or condition that is not normal but which is not serious, or occurrence of an operation or condition that is dangerous and/or serious. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the home screen further includes at least one of: a portion for indicating a date and/or time, a portion for indicating weather conditions, or a portion for indicating information relating to sunrise and sunset. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of buttons and/or controls are selectable and/or reconfigurable by a user via the control user interface. 11. A system for controlling pool/spa components, the system comprising one or more processors configured to, receive information identifying a modular relay pack installed in a pool/spa controller, the modular relay pack comprising a plurality of relays including a first relay and a second relay;
perform a first assignment of the first relay to a first pool/spa component; perform a second assignment of the second relay to a second pool/spa component; cause a display to present a control user interface comprising a plurality of buttons and/or controls including a first button and/or control and a second button and/or control; receive, via the user interface, a first input activating the first button and/or control; based on the first input and the first assignment, send a first control signal to control the first pool/spa component; receive, via the user interface, a second input activating the second button and/or control; and based on the second input and the second assignment, send a second control signal to control the second pool/spa component. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein at least one of the first assignment or the second assignment is performed via the user interface. 13. The system of claim 12, the one or more processors further configured to present, via the user interface, information received from a sensor interface relating to an operating parameter of the first pool/spa component, wherein the operating parameter is controllable by a user via the first button and/or control. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein a screen of the control user interface comprises a first portion containing a first subset of the plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling a group of pool/spa components associated with a first body of water, and a second portion containing a second subset of the plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling another group of pool/spa components associated with a second body of water. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the first pool/spa component comprises one of a heater, a pump, a light, or a pH dispense unit, and the second pool/spa component comprises one of a heater, a pump, a light, or a pH dispense unit. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the control user interface includes a theme button associated with the first pool/spa component and the second pool/spa component, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to receive, via the user interface, theme input activating the theme button, and send at least one theme message to control the first pool/spa component and the second pool/spa component based on the theme input. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the user interface comprises color notifications for indicating a status and/or condition of at least one pool/spa component of the plurality of pool/spa components. 18. The system of claim 11, the one or more processors further configured to, perform a third assignment of the second relay to a third pool/spa component instead of the second pool/spa component;
cause the display to present a control user interface comprising another plurality of buttons and/or controls including the first button and/or control and a third button and/or control; receive, via the user interface, a third input activating the third button and/or control; and based on the third input and the third assignment, send a third control signal to control the third pool/spa component. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of buttons and/or controls are selectable and/or reconfigurable by a user via the user interface. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of buttons and/or controls further include a chlorinator button and/or control for controlling a chlorinator unit, the chlorinator unit connected to the one or more processors through a chlorinator control subsystem. 21. The system of claim 11, wherein the user interface is presented on a display of at least one of a remote control unit, a wireless device, a website accessibly by the Internet, or a locally served web page accessibly by a computer. 22. The system of claim 11, wherein the user interface further comprises a group of buttons and/or controls for controlling a group of pool/spa components connected to the one or more processors, the group of pool/spa components sharing a common pool/spa function, wherein the group of buttons and/or controls is automatically updated to include an additional button and/or control upon the one or more processors assigning to an additional relay an additional pool/spa component having the common pool/spa function. 23. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to receive, via the user interface, scheduling information for scheduling control of the first pool/spa component at a specified date and/or time, and automatically send at the specified date and/or time at least one control signal to the first pool/spa component based on the scheduling information. 24. A method for controlling pool/spa components, comprising the steps of,
receiving, by one or more processors, information identifying a modular relay pack installed in a pool/spa controller, the modular relay pack comprising a plurality of relays including a first relay and a second relay; performing, by the one or more processors, a first assignment of the first relay to a first pool/spa component; performing, by the one or more processors, a second assignment of the second relay to a second pool/spa component; causing, by the one or more processors, a display to present a control user interface comprising a plurality of buttons and/or controls including a first button and/or control and a second button and/or control; receiving, by the one or more processors via the user interface, a first input activating the first button and/or control; based on the first input and the first assignment, sending, by the one or more processors, a first control signal to control the first pool/spa component; receiving, by the control processor via the user interface, a second input activating the second button and/or control; and based on the second input and the second assignment, sending, by the one or more processors, a second control signal to control the second pool/spa component. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising presenting, by the one or more processors via the user interface, information received from a sensor interface relating to an operating parameter of the first pool/spa component, and controlling, by one or more processors, the operating parameter based on input received from a user via the first button and/or control. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein a screen of the control user interface comprises a first portion containing a first subset of the plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling a group of pool/spa components associated with a first body of water, and a second portion containing a second subset of the plurality of buttons and/or controls for controlling another group of pool/spa components associated with a second body of water. 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising,
performing, by the one or more processors, a third assignment of the second relay to a third pool/spa component instead of the second pool/spa component; causing, by the one or more processors, the display to present a control user interface comprising another plurality of buttons and/or controls including the first button and/or control and a third button and/or control; receiving, by the one or more processors via the user interface, a third input activating the third button and/or control; and based on the third input and the third assignment, sending, by the one or more processors via the user interface, a third control signal to control the third pool/spa component. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein the first pool/spa component comprises one of a heater, a pump, a light, or a pH dispense unit, and the second pool/spa component comprises one of a heater, a pump, a light, or a pH dispense unit. 29. The method of claim 24, wherein the user interface includes a theme button associated with the first pool/spa component and the second pool/spa component, and wherein the method further comprising receiving, by the one or more processors via the user interface, theme input activating the theme button, and sending at least one theme message to control the first pool/spa component and the second pool/spa component based on the theme input. 30. The method of claim 24, further comprising
receiving, by the one or more processors via the user interface, scheduling information for scheduling control of the first pool/spa component at a specified date and/or time; and automatically sending at the specified date and/or time, by the one or more processors, a control message to control the first pool/spa component based on the scheduling information. | 2,100 |
4,388 | 14,173,934 | 2,143 | Described herein are various embodiments of systems, methods, and apparatus that allow a user to share data, such as one or more files from within an application with one or more other (not necessarily co-located) computing devices using a gesture-based sharing function. In a particular example, systems, methods, and apparatus described herein may be used to share graphical representations of chemical structures within a chemical structure rendering application between two or more user devices. By offering a user a quick and visually intuitive option for sharing a file with other user(s) without exiting a current application, the systems, methods, and apparatus described herein provide efficient and engaging tools for sharing work product in real time between two or more users. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, via a user interface, selection of at least one file for sharing with a separate computing device; identifying, by a processor of a computing device, one or more members for sharing; causing, by the processor, presentation of one or more graphical identifiers within a display area of the computing device, wherein each graphical identifier of the one or more graphical identifiers is representative of a respective member of the one or more members, wherein the one or more graphical identifiers represent at least a portion of the one or more members; identifying, by the processor, a user input gesture indicative of moving the at least one file towards at least a first graphical identifier of the one or more graphical identifiers; responsive to identifying the user input gesture,
causing, by the processor, presentation of a graphical representation of the at least one file moving towards the at least the first graphical identifier, and
issuing, by the processor, via a network, a request for data sharing, wherein
the request for data sharing comprises a member identifier associated with the first graphical identifier, and
the request for data sharing comprises information associated with the at least one file; and
receiving, via the network, responsive to the request for data sharing, an acknowledgment of data sharing, wherein the acknowledgment comprises the member identifier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving selection of the at least one file comprises identifying a user input gesture indicative of selection of the at least one file. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying one or more members for sharing comprises:
issuing, via the network, an availability request; and responsive to the availability request, receiving indication of one or more member identifiers, wherein each member identifier of the one or more member identifiers is associated with a respective computing device executing a sharing application in communication with the network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein causing presentation of the one or more graphical identifiers comprises, for each graphical identifier of the one or more graphical identifiers, causing presentation of at least one of a name, an icon, and an image associated with the respective member represented by the respective graphical identifier. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more graphical identifiers are arranged radially surrounding a graphical representation of the at least one file. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein causing presentation of the one or more graphical identifiers comprises identifying the portion of the one or more members based at least in part on one or more of a frequency and a recency of file sharing with the computing device. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein causing presentation of the one or more graphical identifiers comprises identifying the portion of the one or more members based at least in part on a determination of co-location of the computing device with respective computing devices of at least one of the portion of the one or more members. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein co-location is determined based in part upon near field communications. 9. The method of claim 4, wherein causing presentation of the one or more graphical identifiers comprises identifying selection of a particular group of users. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more members comprises a device selected from the group consisting of a printer, a television, a smart TV, a projector, a media player, and a facsimile. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the at least one file is selected within a software application; and the method is performed by a sub-application configured to execute within the software application. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the sub-application is configured to execute within two or more software applications installed upon the computing device. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the user input gesture comprises identifying a sweeping gesture across a touch screen. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphical representation of the at least one file moving towards at least the first graphical identifier comprises a spinning animation. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphical representation of the at least one file moving towards at least the first graphical identifier comprises a gradual size reduction. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the information associated with the at least one file comprises an identification of a network file location. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising, responsive to receiving the acknowledgment, causing presentation, within the display area, of a notification indicative of success of sharing. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after receiving the acknowledgement:
receiving, via the network, an alert regarding data availability, wherein the alert is associated with a modified version of a first file of the at least one file; issuing, by the processor via the network, responsive to the alert, a request for the modified version of the first file; receiving, via the network, the modified version of the first file, wherein the first file has been modified by a first member of the one or more members; and causing presentation of the modified version of the first file within the display area. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein causing presentation of the modified version of the first file comprises causing presentation of an indication of the first member. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the alert comprises a session identifier; and the request for the modified version of the first file comprises the session identifier. 21. A method comprising:
receiving, via a network from a first data share application installed on a first user computing device, a request for data share, wherein the request comprises at least one file and at least one target user; determining, by a processor of a computing device, an identification of a second user computing device, wherein the second user computing device is associated with a first target user of the at least one target user; issuing, by the processor, via the network, an alert to the target user regarding data availability, wherein the alert is issued through a second sharing application installed on a second user computing device; responsive to the alert, receiving, from the second user computing device, a request for available data; and responsive to the request for available data,
retrieving, by the processor, the at least one file, and
providing, via the network, the at least one file, wherein the at least one file is provided to the second sharing application. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising, prior to receiving the request for data share:
receiving, via the network from the first data share application, a request to identify members available for sharing; and identifying, by the processor, one or more members available for sharing, wherein each member of the one or more members are associated with a user of the first user computing device. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein
the sharing application comprises a sub-application in communication with a software application; and identifying the one or more members for sharing comprises identifying respective ability of each computing device associated with the one or more member identifiers to view a file type associated with the software application. 24. A system comprising:
a processor; and a memory having instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive, via a user interface, selection of at least one file for sharing with a separate computing device;
identify one or more members for sharing;
cause presentation of one or more graphical identifiers within a display area of the computing device, wherein each graphical identifier of the one or more graphical identifiers is representative of a respective member of the one or more members, wherein the one or more graphical identifiers represent at least a portion of the one or more members;
identify a user input gesture indicative of moving the at least one file towards at least a first graphical identifier of the one or more graphical identifiers;
responsive to identifying the user input gesture,
cause presentation of a graphical representation of the at least one file moving towards the at least the first graphical identifier, and
issue, via a network, a request for data sharing, wherein
the request for data sharing comprises a member identifier associated with the first graphical identifier, and
the request for data sharing comprises information associated with the at least one file; and
receive, via the network, responsive to the request for data sharing, an acknowledgment of data sharing, wherein the acknowledgment comprises the member identifier. 25. (canceled) 26. A system comprising:
a processor; and a memory having instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive, via a network from a first data share application installed on a first user computing device, a request for data share, wherein the request comprises at least one file and at least one target user;
determine an identification of a second user computing device, wherein the second user computing device is associated with a first target user of the at least one target user;
issue, via the network, an alert to the target user regarding data availability, wherein the alert is issued through a second sharing application installed on a second user computing device;
responsive to the alert, receive, from the second user computing device, a request for available data; and
responsive to the request for available data,
retrieve the at least one file, and
provide, via the network, the at least one file, wherein the at least one file is provided to the second sharing application. 27. (canceled) | Described herein are various embodiments of systems, methods, and apparatus that allow a user to share data, such as one or more files from within an application with one or more other (not necessarily co-located) computing devices using a gesture-based sharing function. In a particular example, systems, methods, and apparatus described herein may be used to share graphical representations of chemical structures within a chemical structure rendering application between two or more user devices. By offering a user a quick and visually intuitive option for sharing a file with other user(s) without exiting a current application, the systems, methods, and apparatus described herein provide efficient and engaging tools for sharing work product in real time between two or more users.1. A method comprising:
receiving, via a user interface, selection of at least one file for sharing with a separate computing device; identifying, by a processor of a computing device, one or more members for sharing; causing, by the processor, presentation of one or more graphical identifiers within a display area of the computing device, wherein each graphical identifier of the one or more graphical identifiers is representative of a respective member of the one or more members, wherein the one or more graphical identifiers represent at least a portion of the one or more members; identifying, by the processor, a user input gesture indicative of moving the at least one file towards at least a first graphical identifier of the one or more graphical identifiers; responsive to identifying the user input gesture,
causing, by the processor, presentation of a graphical representation of the at least one file moving towards the at least the first graphical identifier, and
issuing, by the processor, via a network, a request for data sharing, wherein
the request for data sharing comprises a member identifier associated with the first graphical identifier, and
the request for data sharing comprises information associated with the at least one file; and
receiving, via the network, responsive to the request for data sharing, an acknowledgment of data sharing, wherein the acknowledgment comprises the member identifier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving selection of the at least one file comprises identifying a user input gesture indicative of selection of the at least one file. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying one or more members for sharing comprises:
issuing, via the network, an availability request; and responsive to the availability request, receiving indication of one or more member identifiers, wherein each member identifier of the one or more member identifiers is associated with a respective computing device executing a sharing application in communication with the network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein causing presentation of the one or more graphical identifiers comprises, for each graphical identifier of the one or more graphical identifiers, causing presentation of at least one of a name, an icon, and an image associated with the respective member represented by the respective graphical identifier. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more graphical identifiers are arranged radially surrounding a graphical representation of the at least one file. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein causing presentation of the one or more graphical identifiers comprises identifying the portion of the one or more members based at least in part on one or more of a frequency and a recency of file sharing with the computing device. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein causing presentation of the one or more graphical identifiers comprises identifying the portion of the one or more members based at least in part on a determination of co-location of the computing device with respective computing devices of at least one of the portion of the one or more members. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein co-location is determined based in part upon near field communications. 9. The method of claim 4, wherein causing presentation of the one or more graphical identifiers comprises identifying selection of a particular group of users. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more members comprises a device selected from the group consisting of a printer, a television, a smart TV, a projector, a media player, and a facsimile. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the at least one file is selected within a software application; and the method is performed by a sub-application configured to execute within the software application. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the sub-application is configured to execute within two or more software applications installed upon the computing device. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the user input gesture comprises identifying a sweeping gesture across a touch screen. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphical representation of the at least one file moving towards at least the first graphical identifier comprises a spinning animation. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphical representation of the at least one file moving towards at least the first graphical identifier comprises a gradual size reduction. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the information associated with the at least one file comprises an identification of a network file location. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising, responsive to receiving the acknowledgment, causing presentation, within the display area, of a notification indicative of success of sharing. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after receiving the acknowledgement:
receiving, via the network, an alert regarding data availability, wherein the alert is associated with a modified version of a first file of the at least one file; issuing, by the processor via the network, responsive to the alert, a request for the modified version of the first file; receiving, via the network, the modified version of the first file, wherein the first file has been modified by a first member of the one or more members; and causing presentation of the modified version of the first file within the display area. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein causing presentation of the modified version of the first file comprises causing presentation of an indication of the first member. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the alert comprises a session identifier; and the request for the modified version of the first file comprises the session identifier. 21. A method comprising:
receiving, via a network from a first data share application installed on a first user computing device, a request for data share, wherein the request comprises at least one file and at least one target user; determining, by a processor of a computing device, an identification of a second user computing device, wherein the second user computing device is associated with a first target user of the at least one target user; issuing, by the processor, via the network, an alert to the target user regarding data availability, wherein the alert is issued through a second sharing application installed on a second user computing device; responsive to the alert, receiving, from the second user computing device, a request for available data; and responsive to the request for available data,
retrieving, by the processor, the at least one file, and
providing, via the network, the at least one file, wherein the at least one file is provided to the second sharing application. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising, prior to receiving the request for data share:
receiving, via the network from the first data share application, a request to identify members available for sharing; and identifying, by the processor, one or more members available for sharing, wherein each member of the one or more members are associated with a user of the first user computing device. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein
the sharing application comprises a sub-application in communication with a software application; and identifying the one or more members for sharing comprises identifying respective ability of each computing device associated with the one or more member identifiers to view a file type associated with the software application. 24. A system comprising:
a processor; and a memory having instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive, via a user interface, selection of at least one file for sharing with a separate computing device;
identify one or more members for sharing;
cause presentation of one or more graphical identifiers within a display area of the computing device, wherein each graphical identifier of the one or more graphical identifiers is representative of a respective member of the one or more members, wherein the one or more graphical identifiers represent at least a portion of the one or more members;
identify a user input gesture indicative of moving the at least one file towards at least a first graphical identifier of the one or more graphical identifiers;
responsive to identifying the user input gesture,
cause presentation of a graphical representation of the at least one file moving towards the at least the first graphical identifier, and
issue, via a network, a request for data sharing, wherein
the request for data sharing comprises a member identifier associated with the first graphical identifier, and
the request for data sharing comprises information associated with the at least one file; and
receive, via the network, responsive to the request for data sharing, an acknowledgment of data sharing, wherein the acknowledgment comprises the member identifier. 25. (canceled) 26. A system comprising:
a processor; and a memory having instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive, via a network from a first data share application installed on a first user computing device, a request for data share, wherein the request comprises at least one file and at least one target user;
determine an identification of a second user computing device, wherein the second user computing device is associated with a first target user of the at least one target user;
issue, via the network, an alert to the target user regarding data availability, wherein the alert is issued through a second sharing application installed on a second user computing device;
responsive to the alert, receive, from the second user computing device, a request for available data; and
responsive to the request for available data,
retrieve the at least one file, and
provide, via the network, the at least one file, wherein the at least one file is provided to the second sharing application. 27. (canceled) | 2,100 |
4,389 | 14,496,773 | 2,137 | Systems and methods may provide for detecting a pending write operation directed to a target memory region and determining whether the target memory region satisfies a degradation condition in response to the pending write operation. Additionally, the target memory region may be automatically reconfigured as a cold storage region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. In one example, determining whether the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition includes updating the number of write operations directed to the target memory region based on the pending write operation and comparing the number of write operations to an offset value, wherein the degradation condition is satisfied if the number of write operations exceeds the offset value. | 1. A cold storage-based computing system, comprising:
a memory device including a target memory region; a plurality of processors; a shared memory controller coupled to the plurality of processors and the memory device, the shared memory controller including:
a write monitor to detect a pending write operation directed to the target memory region,
a degradation detector coupled to the write monitor, the degradation detector to determine whether the target memory region satisfies a degradation condition in response to the pending write operation; and
a cold storage migrator coupled to the degradation detector and the target memory region, the cold storage migrator to reconfigure the target memory region as a cold storage region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the degradation detector includes:
a write counter to update a number of write operations directed to the target memory region based on the pending write operation; and a trigger unit to compare the number of write operations to an offset value, wherein the degradation condition is to be satisfied of the number of write operations exceeds the offset value. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the shared memory controller further includes a cold storage reporter coupled to the cold storage migrator, the cold storage reporter to expose the cold storage region to an operating system as part of a contiguous cold storage pool. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the cold storage migrator includes a mode adjuster to change a mode of operation for the target memory region from a volatile mode to a non-volatile mode. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the write monitor is to detect one or more of a data processing write, a refresh write or a disturbance integrity write. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the shared memory controller further includes a replacement memory migrator coupled to the degradation detector, the replacement memory migrator to re-map the pending write operation to a replacement memory region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 7. A method of operating a memory controller, comprising:
detecting a pending write operation directed to a target memory region; determining whether the target memory region satisfies a degradation condition in response to the pending write operation; and reconfiguring the target memory region as a cold storage region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining whether the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition includes:
updating a number of write operations directed to the target memory region based on the pending write operation; and comparing the number of write operations to an offset value, wherein the degradation condition is satisfied if the number of write operations exceeds the offset value. 9. The method of claim 7, further including exposing the cold storage region to an operating system as part of a contiguous cold storage pool. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein reconfiguring the target memory region includes changing a mode of operation for the target memory region from a volatile mode to a non-volatile mode. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein detecting the pending write operation includes detecting one or more of a data processing write, a refresh write or a disturbance integrity write. 12. The method of claim 7, further including re-mapping the pending write operation to a replacement memory region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 13. At least one computer readable storage medium comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by a memory controller, cause the memory controller to:
detect a pending write operation directed to a target memory region; determine whether the target memory region satisfies a degradation condition in response to the pending write operation; and reconfigure the target memory region as a cold storage region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 14. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the memory controller to:
update a number of write operations directed to the target memory region based on the pending write operation; and compare the number of write operations to an offset value, wherein the degradation condition is to be satisfied if the number of write operations exceeds the offset value. 15. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the memory controller to expose the cold storage region to an operating system as part of a contiguous cold storage pool. 16. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the memory controller to change a mode of operation for the target memory region from a volatile mode to a non-volatile mode to reconfigure the target memory region. 17. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein one or more of a data processing write, a refresh write or a disturbance integrity write are detected. 18. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the memory controller to re-map the pending write operation to a replacement memory region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 19. A memory controller, comprising:
a write monitor to detect a pending write operation directed to a target memory region; a degradation detector coupled to the write monitor, the degradation detector to determine whether the target memory region satisfies a degradation condition in response to the pending write operation; and a cold storage migrator coupled to the degradation detector and the target memory region, the cold storage migrator to reconfigure the target memory region as a cold storage region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 20. The memory controller of claim 19, wherein the degradation detector includes:
a write counter to update a number of write operations directed to the target memory region based on the pending write operation; and a trigger unit to compare the number of write operations to an offset value, wherein the degradation condition is to be satisfied if the number of write operations exceeds the offset value. 21. The memory controller of claim 19, further including a cold storage reporter coupled to the cold storage migrator, the cold storage reporter to expose the cold storage region to an operating system as part of a contiguous cold storage pool. 22. The memory controller of claim 19, wherein the cold storage migrator includes a mode adjuster to change a mode of operation for the target memory region from a volatile mode to a non-volatile mode. 23. The memory controller of claim 19, wherein the write monitor is to detect one or more of a data processing write, a refresh write or a disturbance integrity write. 24. The memory controller of claim 19, further including a replacement memory migrator coupled to the degradation detector, the replacement memory migrator to re-map the pending write operation to a replacement memory region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. | Systems and methods may provide for detecting a pending write operation directed to a target memory region and determining whether the target memory region satisfies a degradation condition in response to the pending write operation. Additionally, the target memory region may be automatically reconfigured as a cold storage region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. In one example, determining whether the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition includes updating the number of write operations directed to the target memory region based on the pending write operation and comparing the number of write operations to an offset value, wherein the degradation condition is satisfied if the number of write operations exceeds the offset value.1. A cold storage-based computing system, comprising:
a memory device including a target memory region; a plurality of processors; a shared memory controller coupled to the plurality of processors and the memory device, the shared memory controller including:
a write monitor to detect a pending write operation directed to the target memory region,
a degradation detector coupled to the write monitor, the degradation detector to determine whether the target memory region satisfies a degradation condition in response to the pending write operation; and
a cold storage migrator coupled to the degradation detector and the target memory region, the cold storage migrator to reconfigure the target memory region as a cold storage region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the degradation detector includes:
a write counter to update a number of write operations directed to the target memory region based on the pending write operation; and a trigger unit to compare the number of write operations to an offset value, wherein the degradation condition is to be satisfied of the number of write operations exceeds the offset value. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the shared memory controller further includes a cold storage reporter coupled to the cold storage migrator, the cold storage reporter to expose the cold storage region to an operating system as part of a contiguous cold storage pool. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the cold storage migrator includes a mode adjuster to change a mode of operation for the target memory region from a volatile mode to a non-volatile mode. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the write monitor is to detect one or more of a data processing write, a refresh write or a disturbance integrity write. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the shared memory controller further includes a replacement memory migrator coupled to the degradation detector, the replacement memory migrator to re-map the pending write operation to a replacement memory region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 7. A method of operating a memory controller, comprising:
detecting a pending write operation directed to a target memory region; determining whether the target memory region satisfies a degradation condition in response to the pending write operation; and reconfiguring the target memory region as a cold storage region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining whether the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition includes:
updating a number of write operations directed to the target memory region based on the pending write operation; and comparing the number of write operations to an offset value, wherein the degradation condition is satisfied if the number of write operations exceeds the offset value. 9. The method of claim 7, further including exposing the cold storage region to an operating system as part of a contiguous cold storage pool. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein reconfiguring the target memory region includes changing a mode of operation for the target memory region from a volatile mode to a non-volatile mode. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein detecting the pending write operation includes detecting one or more of a data processing write, a refresh write or a disturbance integrity write. 12. The method of claim 7, further including re-mapping the pending write operation to a replacement memory region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 13. At least one computer readable storage medium comprising a set of instructions which, when executed by a memory controller, cause the memory controller to:
detect a pending write operation directed to a target memory region; determine whether the target memory region satisfies a degradation condition in response to the pending write operation; and reconfigure the target memory region as a cold storage region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 14. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the memory controller to:
update a number of write operations directed to the target memory region based on the pending write operation; and compare the number of write operations to an offset value, wherein the degradation condition is to be satisfied if the number of write operations exceeds the offset value. 15. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the memory controller to expose the cold storage region to an operating system as part of a contiguous cold storage pool. 16. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the memory controller to change a mode of operation for the target memory region from a volatile mode to a non-volatile mode to reconfigure the target memory region. 17. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein one or more of a data processing write, a refresh write or a disturbance integrity write are detected. 18. The at least one computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the memory controller to re-map the pending write operation to a replacement memory region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 19. A memory controller, comprising:
a write monitor to detect a pending write operation directed to a target memory region; a degradation detector coupled to the write monitor, the degradation detector to determine whether the target memory region satisfies a degradation condition in response to the pending write operation; and a cold storage migrator coupled to the degradation detector and the target memory region, the cold storage migrator to reconfigure the target memory region as a cold storage region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. 20. The memory controller of claim 19, wherein the degradation detector includes:
a write counter to update a number of write operations directed to the target memory region based on the pending write operation; and a trigger unit to compare the number of write operations to an offset value, wherein the degradation condition is to be satisfied if the number of write operations exceeds the offset value. 21. The memory controller of claim 19, further including a cold storage reporter coupled to the cold storage migrator, the cold storage reporter to expose the cold storage region to an operating system as part of a contiguous cold storage pool. 22. The memory controller of claim 19, wherein the cold storage migrator includes a mode adjuster to change a mode of operation for the target memory region from a volatile mode to a non-volatile mode. 23. The memory controller of claim 19, wherein the write monitor is to detect one or more of a data processing write, a refresh write or a disturbance integrity write. 24. The memory controller of claim 19, further including a replacement memory migrator coupled to the degradation detector, the replacement memory migrator to re-map the pending write operation to a replacement memory region if the target memory region satisfies the degradation condition. | 2,100 |
4,390 | 14,292,509 | 2,175 | Techniques disclosed herein permit users to input keyboard key combinations via context menu shortcuts. A context menu may be invoked by long-pressing a function key such as “Ctrl.” The context menu includes key combination shortcuts associated with the pressed function key. For example, key combination shortcuts presented in the context menu for “Ctrl” may include “Ctrl+A,” “Ctrl+C,” “Ctrl+X,” “Ctrl+V,” and “Ctrl+Alt+Del.” The user can input a desired key combination by tapping on an appropriate shortcut. The context menu may include default and/or user-specified key combinations. Default key combinations may be application or operating system specific. In addition, users may configure desired key combinations to be displayed in the context menu for a given function key. | 1. A method for performing a key combination operation, comprising:
presenting a function toolbar, wherein the function toolbar includes a plurality of function keys; in response to receiving a long press event on one of the function keys, presenting a context menu which includes key combination shortcuts associated with the one of the function keys; and in response to receiving a tap event on one of the key combination shortcuts, executing an operation corresponding to the one of the key combination shortcuts. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the key combination shortcuts in the context menu are for key combinations which include the one of the function keys and one or more other keys. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a virtual keyboard presented in conjunction with the function toolbar includes a non-Latin character user interface (UI), and wherein the tap event and the long press event are performed by a user without switching to a virtual keyboard with a Latin character UI. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the function associated with the one of the key combination shortcuts is executed by an operating system or application running in a virtual machine on a remote host machine. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for user-specified key combinations. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for key combinations associated with a foreground application. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for statistically common key combinations. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program instructions for performing a key combination operation, the computer program instructions implementing operations comprising:
presenting a function toolbar, wherein the function toolbar includes a plurality of function keys; in response to receiving a long press event on one of the function keys, presenting a context menu which includes key combination shortcuts associated with the one of the function keys; and in response to receiving a tap event on one of the key combination shortcuts, executing an operation corresponding to the one of the key combination shortcuts. 9. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the key combination shortcuts in the context menu are for key combinations which include the one of the function keys and one or more other keys. 10. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein a virtual keyboard presented in conjunction with the function toolbar includes a non-Latin character user interface (UI), and wherein the tap event and the long press event are performed by a user without switching to a virtual keyboard with a Latin character UI. 11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the function associated with the one of the key combination shortcuts is executed by an operating system or application running in a virtual machine on a remote host machine. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for user-specified key combinations. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for key combinations associated with a foreground application. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for statistically common key combinations. 15. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory, wherein the memory includes a program for reducing perceived read latency, the program being configured to perform operations for performing a key combination operation, comprising:
presenting a function toolbar, wherein the function toolbar includes a plurality of function keys,
in response to receiving a long press event on one of the function keys, presenting a context menu which includes key combination shortcuts associated with the one of the function keys, and
in response to receiving a tap event on one of the key combination shortcuts, executing an operation corresponding to the one of the key combination shortcuts. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the key combination shortcuts in the context menu are for key combinations which include the one of the function keys and one or more other keys. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein a virtual keyboard presented in conjunction with the function toolbar includes a non-Latin character user interface (UI), and wherein the tap event and the long press event are performed by a user without switching to a virtual keyboard with a Latin character UI. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the function associated with the one of the key combination shortcuts is executed by an operating system or application running in a virtual machine on a remote host machine. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for user-specified key combinations. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for key combinations associated with a foreground application. | Techniques disclosed herein permit users to input keyboard key combinations via context menu shortcuts. A context menu may be invoked by long-pressing a function key such as “Ctrl.” The context menu includes key combination shortcuts associated with the pressed function key. For example, key combination shortcuts presented in the context menu for “Ctrl” may include “Ctrl+A,” “Ctrl+C,” “Ctrl+X,” “Ctrl+V,” and “Ctrl+Alt+Del.” The user can input a desired key combination by tapping on an appropriate shortcut. The context menu may include default and/or user-specified key combinations. Default key combinations may be application or operating system specific. In addition, users may configure desired key combinations to be displayed in the context menu for a given function key.1. A method for performing a key combination operation, comprising:
presenting a function toolbar, wherein the function toolbar includes a plurality of function keys; in response to receiving a long press event on one of the function keys, presenting a context menu which includes key combination shortcuts associated with the one of the function keys; and in response to receiving a tap event on one of the key combination shortcuts, executing an operation corresponding to the one of the key combination shortcuts. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the key combination shortcuts in the context menu are for key combinations which include the one of the function keys and one or more other keys. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a virtual keyboard presented in conjunction with the function toolbar includes a non-Latin character user interface (UI), and wherein the tap event and the long press event are performed by a user without switching to a virtual keyboard with a Latin character UI. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the function associated with the one of the key combination shortcuts is executed by an operating system or application running in a virtual machine on a remote host machine. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for user-specified key combinations. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for key combinations associated with a foreground application. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for statistically common key combinations. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program instructions for performing a key combination operation, the computer program instructions implementing operations comprising:
presenting a function toolbar, wherein the function toolbar includes a plurality of function keys; in response to receiving a long press event on one of the function keys, presenting a context menu which includes key combination shortcuts associated with the one of the function keys; and in response to receiving a tap event on one of the key combination shortcuts, executing an operation corresponding to the one of the key combination shortcuts. 9. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the key combination shortcuts in the context menu are for key combinations which include the one of the function keys and one or more other keys. 10. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein a virtual keyboard presented in conjunction with the function toolbar includes a non-Latin character user interface (UI), and wherein the tap event and the long press event are performed by a user without switching to a virtual keyboard with a Latin character UI. 11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the function associated with the one of the key combination shortcuts is executed by an operating system or application running in a virtual machine on a remote host machine. 12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for user-specified key combinations. 13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for key combinations associated with a foreground application. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for statistically common key combinations. 15. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory, wherein the memory includes a program for reducing perceived read latency, the program being configured to perform operations for performing a key combination operation, comprising:
presenting a function toolbar, wherein the function toolbar includes a plurality of function keys,
in response to receiving a long press event on one of the function keys, presenting a context menu which includes key combination shortcuts associated with the one of the function keys, and
in response to receiving a tap event on one of the key combination shortcuts, executing an operation corresponding to the one of the key combination shortcuts. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the key combination shortcuts in the context menu are for key combinations which include the one of the function keys and one or more other keys. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein a virtual keyboard presented in conjunction with the function toolbar includes a non-Latin character user interface (UI), and wherein the tap event and the long press event are performed by a user without switching to a virtual keyboard with a Latin character UI. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the function associated with the one of the key combination shortcuts is executed by an operating system or application running in a virtual machine on a remote host machine. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for user-specified key combinations. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the key combination shortcuts include shortcuts for key combinations associated with a foreground application. | 2,100 |
4,391 | 13,493,963 | 2,141 | In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a portable multifunction device with a touch screen display includes: an application interface of an application that includes an application interface region with an edge; and a search input area for entering a search query for the application. In response to detecting a movement of an object on or near the touch screen display, the application interface region is translated on the touch screen display in a first direction. In response to the edge of the application interface region being crossed while translating the application interface region in the first direction while the object is still detected on or near the touch screen display, the edge of the application interface region is displayed, and the search input area is displayed in an area beyond the application interface region. | 1. A portable multifunction device, comprising:
one or more processors; a touch screen display; and memory storing a plurality of applications, including email, calendar, and contacts applications; the memory storing respective search input interfaces for the email, calendar, and contacts applications, each search input interface for entering a search query for the respective application, each of the email, calendar, and contacts applications having an application interface region for simultaneous display with the corresponding search input interface. 2. The portable multifunction device of claim 1, wherein,
each search input interface includes a search input area, wherein the search query comprises entering one or more letters in the search input area, and a scrollable list of search results is displayed on the touch screen display as each letter in the one or more letters is entered in the search input area. 3. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
on a portable multifunction device with a display:
displaying an application on the display;
while displaying the application, entering a search mode for the application;
while in the search mode for the application, receiving a search query for the application;
displaying the search query in a search input area on the display;
in response to receiving the search query:
performing a search within the application for fields of application records with field values that include the search query, and
displaying a list of search results, wherein:
each search result in the displayed list of search results corresponds to a unique combination of field and field value that includes the search query, and
at least one of the search results corresponds to a plurality of application records that match the search query;
detecting selection of a particular search result in the list of search results, the particular search result corresponding to a particular field value in a particular field; and in response to detecting selection of the particular search result in the list of search results:
replacing display of the list of search results with display of a list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field if more than one application record has the particular field value in the particular field, and
replacing display of the list of search results with display of an application record that has the particular field value in the particular field if only one application record has the particular field value in the particular field. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, including
in response to detecting selection of the particular search result in the list of search results, exiting the search mode for the application if only one application record has the particular field value in the particular field. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, including:
detecting selection of a single record descriptor in the list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field; and, in response to detecting selection of the single record descriptor in the list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field, replacing display of the list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field with display of an application record that corresponds to the single record descriptor. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, including
in response to detecting selection of the single record descriptor in the list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field, exiting the search mode for the application. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein a first respective search result in the list of search results corresponds only to application records that have a particular first field having information that matches the search query, and a second respective search result in the list of search results corresponds only to application records that have a particular second field, distinct from the first field, having information that matches the search query. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the first respective search result includes a description of the first field and the second respective search result includes a description of the second field. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the display is a touch screen display, the method including:
scrolling the list of search results in response to a finger gesture on or near the touch screen display. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the display is a touch screen display, the method including:
scrolling the list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field in response to a finger gesture on or near the touch screen display. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the application is an email application or a calendar application. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the portable multifunction device is a handheld device. 13. A portable multifunction device, comprising:
a display; one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
displaying an application on the display;
while displaying the application, entering a search mode for the application;
while in the search mode for the application, receiving a search query for the application;
displaying the search query in a search input area on the display;
in response to receiving the search query:
performing a search within the application for fields of application records with field values that include the search query, and
displaying a list of search results, wherein:
each search result in the displayed list of search results corresponds to a unique combination of field and field value that includes the search query, and
at least one of the search results corresponds to a plurality of application records that match the search query;
detecting selection of a particular search result in the list of search results, the particular search result corresponding to a particular field value in a particular field; and
in response to detecting selection of the particular search result in the list of search results:
replacing display of the list of search results with display of a list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field if more than one application record has the particular field value in the particular field, and
replacing display of the list of search results with display of an application record that has the particular field value in the particular field if only one application record has the particular field value in the particular field. 14. A computer readable storage medium having stored therein instructions, which when executed by a portable multifunction device with a display, cause the device to:
display an application on the display; while displaying the application, enter a search mode for the application; while in the search mode for the application, receive a search query for the application; display the search query in a search input area on the display; in response to receiving the search query:
perform a search within the application for fields of application records with field values that include the search query, and
display a list of search results, wherein:
each search result in the displayed list of search results corresponds to a unique combination of field and field value that includes the search query, and
at least one of the search results corresponds to a plurality of application records that match the search query;
detect selection of a particular search result in the list of search results, the particular search result corresponding to a particular field value in a particular field; and in response to detecting selection of the particular search result in the list of search results:
replace display of the list of search results with display of a list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field if more than one application record has the particular field value in the particular field, and
replace display of the list of search results with display of an application record that has the particular field value in the particular field if only one application record has the particular field value in the particular field. 15. A portable multifunction device, comprising:
a display; means for displaying an application on the display; while displaying the application, means for entering a search mode for the application; while in the search mode for the application, means for receiving a search query for the application; means for displaying the search query in a search input area on the display; in response to receiving the search query:
means for performing a search within the application for fields of application records with field values that include the search query, and
means for displaying a list of search results, wherein:
each search result in the displayed list of search results corresponds to a unique combination of field and field value that includes the search query, and
at least one of the search results corresponds to a plurality of application records that match the search query;
means for detecting selection of a particular search result in the list of search results, the particular search result corresponding to a particular field value in a particular field; and in response to detecting selection of the particular search result in the list of search results:
means for replacing display of the list of search results with display of a list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field if more than one application record has the particular field value in the particular field, and
means for replacing display of the list of search results with display of an application record that has the particular field value in the particular field if only one application record has the particular field value in the particular field. | In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a portable multifunction device with a touch screen display includes: an application interface of an application that includes an application interface region with an edge; and a search input area for entering a search query for the application. In response to detecting a movement of an object on or near the touch screen display, the application interface region is translated on the touch screen display in a first direction. In response to the edge of the application interface region being crossed while translating the application interface region in the first direction while the object is still detected on or near the touch screen display, the edge of the application interface region is displayed, and the search input area is displayed in an area beyond the application interface region.1. A portable multifunction device, comprising:
one or more processors; a touch screen display; and memory storing a plurality of applications, including email, calendar, and contacts applications; the memory storing respective search input interfaces for the email, calendar, and contacts applications, each search input interface for entering a search query for the respective application, each of the email, calendar, and contacts applications having an application interface region for simultaneous display with the corresponding search input interface. 2. The portable multifunction device of claim 1, wherein,
each search input interface includes a search input area, wherein the search query comprises entering one or more letters in the search input area, and a scrollable list of search results is displayed on the touch screen display as each letter in the one or more letters is entered in the search input area. 3. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
on a portable multifunction device with a display:
displaying an application on the display;
while displaying the application, entering a search mode for the application;
while in the search mode for the application, receiving a search query for the application;
displaying the search query in a search input area on the display;
in response to receiving the search query:
performing a search within the application for fields of application records with field values that include the search query, and
displaying a list of search results, wherein:
each search result in the displayed list of search results corresponds to a unique combination of field and field value that includes the search query, and
at least one of the search results corresponds to a plurality of application records that match the search query;
detecting selection of a particular search result in the list of search results, the particular search result corresponding to a particular field value in a particular field; and in response to detecting selection of the particular search result in the list of search results:
replacing display of the list of search results with display of a list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field if more than one application record has the particular field value in the particular field, and
replacing display of the list of search results with display of an application record that has the particular field value in the particular field if only one application record has the particular field value in the particular field. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, including
in response to detecting selection of the particular search result in the list of search results, exiting the search mode for the application if only one application record has the particular field value in the particular field. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, including:
detecting selection of a single record descriptor in the list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field; and, in response to detecting selection of the single record descriptor in the list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field, replacing display of the list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field with display of an application record that corresponds to the single record descriptor. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, including
in response to detecting selection of the single record descriptor in the list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field, exiting the search mode for the application. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein a first respective search result in the list of search results corresponds only to application records that have a particular first field having information that matches the search query, and a second respective search result in the list of search results corresponds only to application records that have a particular second field, distinct from the first field, having information that matches the search query. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the first respective search result includes a description of the first field and the second respective search result includes a description of the second field. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the display is a touch screen display, the method including:
scrolling the list of search results in response to a finger gesture on or near the touch screen display. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the display is a touch screen display, the method including:
scrolling the list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field in response to a finger gesture on or near the touch screen display. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the application is an email application or a calendar application. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the portable multifunction device is a handheld device. 13. A portable multifunction device, comprising:
a display; one or more processors; memory; and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:
displaying an application on the display;
while displaying the application, entering a search mode for the application;
while in the search mode for the application, receiving a search query for the application;
displaying the search query in a search input area on the display;
in response to receiving the search query:
performing a search within the application for fields of application records with field values that include the search query, and
displaying a list of search results, wherein:
each search result in the displayed list of search results corresponds to a unique combination of field and field value that includes the search query, and
at least one of the search results corresponds to a plurality of application records that match the search query;
detecting selection of a particular search result in the list of search results, the particular search result corresponding to a particular field value in a particular field; and
in response to detecting selection of the particular search result in the list of search results:
replacing display of the list of search results with display of a list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field if more than one application record has the particular field value in the particular field, and
replacing display of the list of search results with display of an application record that has the particular field value in the particular field if only one application record has the particular field value in the particular field. 14. A computer readable storage medium having stored therein instructions, which when executed by a portable multifunction device with a display, cause the device to:
display an application on the display; while displaying the application, enter a search mode for the application; while in the search mode for the application, receive a search query for the application; display the search query in a search input area on the display; in response to receiving the search query:
perform a search within the application for fields of application records with field values that include the search query, and
display a list of search results, wherein:
each search result in the displayed list of search results corresponds to a unique combination of field and field value that includes the search query, and
at least one of the search results corresponds to a plurality of application records that match the search query;
detect selection of a particular search result in the list of search results, the particular search result corresponding to a particular field value in a particular field; and in response to detecting selection of the particular search result in the list of search results:
replace display of the list of search results with display of a list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field if more than one application record has the particular field value in the particular field, and
replace display of the list of search results with display of an application record that has the particular field value in the particular field if only one application record has the particular field value in the particular field. 15. A portable multifunction device, comprising:
a display; means for displaying an application on the display; while displaying the application, means for entering a search mode for the application; while in the search mode for the application, means for receiving a search query for the application; means for displaying the search query in a search input area on the display; in response to receiving the search query:
means for performing a search within the application for fields of application records with field values that include the search query, and
means for displaying a list of search results, wherein:
each search result in the displayed list of search results corresponds to a unique combination of field and field value that includes the search query, and
at least one of the search results corresponds to a plurality of application records that match the search query;
means for detecting selection of a particular search result in the list of search results, the particular search result corresponding to a particular field value in a particular field; and in response to detecting selection of the particular search result in the list of search results:
means for replacing display of the list of search results with display of a list of record descriptors for application records that have the particular field value in the particular field if more than one application record has the particular field value in the particular field, and
means for replacing display of the list of search results with display of an application record that has the particular field value in the particular field if only one application record has the particular field value in the particular field. | 2,100 |
4,392 | 13,586,072 | 2,174 | A display data generation device which generates display data to display a plurality of objects on a shared image screen utilized by a plurality of users, includes: a processing and judgment section which identifies a user who has conducted an operation to any one of the objects when the operation is detected, and judges whether or not a display form of the object should be changed according to a change of the user who operated the object; and an image processing section to generate display data in which the display form of the object has been changed, in accordance with a judgment result of the processing and judgment section. | 1. A display data generation device which generates display data to display a plurality of objects on a shared image screen utilized by a plurality of users, comprising:
a processing and judgment section which identifies a user who has conducted an operation to any one of the objects when the operation is detected, and judges whether or not a display form of the object should be changed according to a change of the user who operated the object; and an image processing section to generate display data in which the display form of the object has been changed, in accordance with a judgment result of the processing and judgment section. 2. The display data generation device of claim 1, further comprising a memory section which stores information of an operation history of a user for each object, wherein the processing and judgment section judges whether or not the user who has conducted the operation is a user who has conducted the operation for the first time by referring the information of the operation history, and judges the display form of the object should be changed when the user is judged as a user which conducted for the first time. 3. The display data generation device of claim 2, wherein the processing and judgment section adjusts an amount of change in the display form of the object according to the number of users who have conducted the operation of the object. 4. The display data generation device of claim 3, wherein a weighting factor by each type of operations is set to the operation of the object, and the processing and judgment section adjusts the amount of change in the display form of the object in accordance with the weighting factor according to each type of operations. 5. The display data generation device of claim 1, wherein the display form includes any one of a size of the object, a display density of the object, and a color of display of the object. 6. The display data generation device of claim 1, wherein the operation to the object includes a transfer of the object, decoration of the object, a creation of an object related to the object, and a remark of words related to the object. 7. A display control system comprising:
the display data generation device of claim 1; a display device which displays the plurality of objects on the shared image screen based on the display data; and an operation terminal which conducts an operation of the objects, wherein the display data generation device identifies the operation to the object and the user who has conducted the operation based on the information of the operation to the object which has been obtained from the operation terminal and information of the user. 8. A display control system comprising:
the display data generation device of claim 1; a display device which displays the plurality of objects on the shared image screen based on the display data; and an identification terminal which transmits information of a user, wherein the display device comprises a receiving section provided on the shared image screen, which acquires information of the user from a touch panel and the identification terminal, and the display data generation device identifies the operation to the object and the user who has conducted the operation based on the operation information to the object acquired from the display device and the information of the user. 9. A computer device comprising:
the display data generation device of claim 1; and a display section provided on the display data generation device, which displays the plurality of objects on the shared image screen. 10. A nontransitory computer-readable storage medium having a program stored thereon for causing a computer to perform a display control to operate by a generation device which generates display data to display a plurality of objects on a shared image screen utilized by a plurality of users, the program comprising:
making the generation device to function as a processing and judgment section which identifies a user who has conducted an operation to any one of objects when the operation is detected, and judges whether or not a display form of the object should be changed according to a change of the user who has operated the object, and to function as an image processing section to generate display data in which the display form of the object has been changed in accordance with a judgment result of the processing and judgment section. 11. The nontransitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the processing and judgment section judges whether or not the user who has conducted the operation has conducted for the first time by referring information of an operation history of the user to each of the objects that has been stored in advance, and judges that the display form should be changed if the user has conducted the operation for the first time. 12. The nontransitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the processing and judgment section adjusts an amount of change in the display form of the object according to the number of users who have conducted the operation of the object. 13. The nontransitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein a weighting factor by each type of operations is set to the operation of the object, and the processing and judgment section adjusts the amount of change in the display form of the object in accordance with the weighting factor according to each type of operations. 14. The nontransitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the display form includes any one of a size of the object, a display density of the object, and a color of display of the object. 15. The nontransitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the operation to the object includes a transfer of the object, decoration of the object, a creation of an object related to the object, and a remark of words related to the object. | A display data generation device which generates display data to display a plurality of objects on a shared image screen utilized by a plurality of users, includes: a processing and judgment section which identifies a user who has conducted an operation to any one of the objects when the operation is detected, and judges whether or not a display form of the object should be changed according to a change of the user who operated the object; and an image processing section to generate display data in which the display form of the object has been changed, in accordance with a judgment result of the processing and judgment section.1. A display data generation device which generates display data to display a plurality of objects on a shared image screen utilized by a plurality of users, comprising:
a processing and judgment section which identifies a user who has conducted an operation to any one of the objects when the operation is detected, and judges whether or not a display form of the object should be changed according to a change of the user who operated the object; and an image processing section to generate display data in which the display form of the object has been changed, in accordance with a judgment result of the processing and judgment section. 2. The display data generation device of claim 1, further comprising a memory section which stores information of an operation history of a user for each object, wherein the processing and judgment section judges whether or not the user who has conducted the operation is a user who has conducted the operation for the first time by referring the information of the operation history, and judges the display form of the object should be changed when the user is judged as a user which conducted for the first time. 3. The display data generation device of claim 2, wherein the processing and judgment section adjusts an amount of change in the display form of the object according to the number of users who have conducted the operation of the object. 4. The display data generation device of claim 3, wherein a weighting factor by each type of operations is set to the operation of the object, and the processing and judgment section adjusts the amount of change in the display form of the object in accordance with the weighting factor according to each type of operations. 5. The display data generation device of claim 1, wherein the display form includes any one of a size of the object, a display density of the object, and a color of display of the object. 6. The display data generation device of claim 1, wherein the operation to the object includes a transfer of the object, decoration of the object, a creation of an object related to the object, and a remark of words related to the object. 7. A display control system comprising:
the display data generation device of claim 1; a display device which displays the plurality of objects on the shared image screen based on the display data; and an operation terminal which conducts an operation of the objects, wherein the display data generation device identifies the operation to the object and the user who has conducted the operation based on the information of the operation to the object which has been obtained from the operation terminal and information of the user. 8. A display control system comprising:
the display data generation device of claim 1; a display device which displays the plurality of objects on the shared image screen based on the display data; and an identification terminal which transmits information of a user, wherein the display device comprises a receiving section provided on the shared image screen, which acquires information of the user from a touch panel and the identification terminal, and the display data generation device identifies the operation to the object and the user who has conducted the operation based on the operation information to the object acquired from the display device and the information of the user. 9. A computer device comprising:
the display data generation device of claim 1; and a display section provided on the display data generation device, which displays the plurality of objects on the shared image screen. 10. A nontransitory computer-readable storage medium having a program stored thereon for causing a computer to perform a display control to operate by a generation device which generates display data to display a plurality of objects on a shared image screen utilized by a plurality of users, the program comprising:
making the generation device to function as a processing and judgment section which identifies a user who has conducted an operation to any one of objects when the operation is detected, and judges whether or not a display form of the object should be changed according to a change of the user who has operated the object, and to function as an image processing section to generate display data in which the display form of the object has been changed in accordance with a judgment result of the processing and judgment section. 11. The nontransitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the processing and judgment section judges whether or not the user who has conducted the operation has conducted for the first time by referring information of an operation history of the user to each of the objects that has been stored in advance, and judges that the display form should be changed if the user has conducted the operation for the first time. 12. The nontransitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the processing and judgment section adjusts an amount of change in the display form of the object according to the number of users who have conducted the operation of the object. 13. The nontransitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein a weighting factor by each type of operations is set to the operation of the object, and the processing and judgment section adjusts the amount of change in the display form of the object in accordance with the weighting factor according to each type of operations. 14. The nontransitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the display form includes any one of a size of the object, a display density of the object, and a color of display of the object. 15. The nontransitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the operation to the object includes a transfer of the object, decoration of the object, a creation of an object related to the object, and a remark of words related to the object. | 2,100 |
4,393 | 15,272,303 | 2,136 | A computer-implemented method, according to one embodiment, includes: receiving an input from a designated mechanism of an automated data storage library in response to the designated mechanism being triggered, capturing a snapshot of one or more logs in response to receiving the input from the designated mechanism, and storing the snapshot in memory. Moreover, the designated mechanism is accessible at the automated data storage library. Other systems, methods, and computer program products are described in additional embodiments. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving an input from a designated mechanism of an automated data storage library in response to the designated mechanism being triggered, with a proviso that the designated mechanism is triggerable without performing any preliminary steps, wherein the designated mechanism is accessible at the automated data storage library; capturing a snapshot of one or more logs in response to receiving the input from the designated mechanism; and storing the snapshot in memory. 2. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 1, wherein the designated mechanism is a physical push button integrated in a housing of the automated data storage library, wherein providing the input for capturing a snapshot is the sole function of the physical push button upon being triggered. 3. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 1, wherein the designated mechanism is a logical button on a screen, wherein the screen is integrated in a housing of the automated data storage library, wherein the logical button appears on every page displayed on the screen, wherein providing the input for capturing a snapshot is the sole function of the logical button upon being triggered. 4. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 1, comprising:
transmitting the snapshot to a remote location. 5. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 1, wherein the snapshot includes a preconfigured set of information, wherein the preconfigured set of information is selected from a group consisting of: trace information, diagnostic information, statistical information, configuration information, backup information and database information. 6. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 1, wherein the automated data storage library is a magnetic tape library. 7. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 1, wherein storing the captured snapshot includes:
determining whether a total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library exceeds a threshold; and overwriting a selected stored snapshot in the automated data storage library with the captured snapshot in response to determining that the total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library exceeds the threshold. 8. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
receive, by the processor, an input from a designated mechanism of an automated data storage library in response to the designated mechanism being triggered, with a proviso that the designated mechanism is triggerable without performing any preliminary steps, wherein the designated mechanism is accessible at the automated data storage library; capture, by the processor, a snapshot of one or more logs in response to receiving the input from the designated mechanism; and store, by the processor, the snapshot in memory. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the designated mechanism is a physical push button integrated in a housing of the automated data storage library, wherein providing the input for capturing a snapshot is the sole function of the physical push button upon being triggered. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the designated mechanism is a logical button on a screen, wherein the screen is integrated in a housing of the automated data storage library, wherein the logical button appears on every page displayed on the screen, wherein providing the input for capturing a snapshot is the sole function of the logical button upon being triggered. 11. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
transmit, by the processor, the snapshot to a remote location. 12. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the snapshot includes a preconfigured set of information, wherein the preconfigured set of information is selected from a group consisting of: trace information, diagnostic information, statistical information, configuration information, backup information and database information. 13. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the automated data storage library is a magnetic tape library. 14. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein storing the captured snapshot includes:
determine, by the processor, whether a total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library exceeds a threshold; and overwrite, by the processor, a selected stored snapshot in the automated data storage library with the captured snapshot in response to determining that the total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library exceeds the threshold. 15. A system, comprising:
a processor; and logic integrated with the processor, executable by the processor, or integrated with and executable by the processor, the logic being configured to: receive, by the processor, an input from a designated mechanism of an automated data storage library in response to the designated mechanism being triggered, wherein the designated mechanism is accessible at the automated data storage library; determine, by the processor, whether a maximum number of snapshots have been captured in a given amount of time; ignore, by the processor, the input received in response to determining that the maximum number of snapshots have been captured in the given amount of time; capture, by the processor, a snapshot of one or more data logs in direct response to receiving the input from the designated mechanism and determining that the maximum number of snapshots have not been captured in the given amount of time; determine, by the processor, whether a total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library exceeds a threshold; overwrite, by the processor, a selected snapshot stored in the automated data storage library with the captured snapshot in response to determining that the total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library exceeds the threshold; store, by the processor, the snapshot in memory in response to determining that a total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library does not exceed a threshold; establish, by the processor, a connection with a remote location; and transmit, by the processor, a redundant copy of the snapshot to a remote location, wherein the snapshot includes a preconfigured set of information, wherein the preconfigured set of information is selected from a group consisting of: trace information, diagnostic information, statistical information, configuration information, backup information and database information, wherein the automated data storage library is a magnetic tape library. 16. The system of claim 19, wherein the designated mechanism is a physical push button integrated in a housing of the automated data storage library, wherein providing the input for capturing a snapshot is the sole function of the physical push button upon being triggered. 17. The system of claim 19, wherein the designated mechanism is a logical button on a screen, wherein the screen is integrated in a housing of the automated data storage library, wherein the logical button appears on every page displayed on the screen, wherein providing the input for capturing a snapshot is the sole function of the logical button upon being triggered. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the snapshot is stored in a designated portion of the memory, wherein the designated portion of the memory is configured as a circular buffer, wherein the selected snapshot is overwritten in the circular buffer in a first-in-first-out manner. 19. The system of claim 15, with a proviso that the designated mechanism is triggerable without performing any other preliminary steps. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the snapshot is stored in a designated portion of the memory, wherein the designated portion of the memory is configured as a circular buffer, wherein the selected snapshot is overwritten in the circular buffer in a last-in-first-out manner. | A computer-implemented method, according to one embodiment, includes: receiving an input from a designated mechanism of an automated data storage library in response to the designated mechanism being triggered, capturing a snapshot of one or more logs in response to receiving the input from the designated mechanism, and storing the snapshot in memory. Moreover, the designated mechanism is accessible at the automated data storage library. Other systems, methods, and computer program products are described in additional embodiments.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving an input from a designated mechanism of an automated data storage library in response to the designated mechanism being triggered, with a proviso that the designated mechanism is triggerable without performing any preliminary steps, wherein the designated mechanism is accessible at the automated data storage library; capturing a snapshot of one or more logs in response to receiving the input from the designated mechanism; and storing the snapshot in memory. 2. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 1, wherein the designated mechanism is a physical push button integrated in a housing of the automated data storage library, wherein providing the input for capturing a snapshot is the sole function of the physical push button upon being triggered. 3. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 1, wherein the designated mechanism is a logical button on a screen, wherein the screen is integrated in a housing of the automated data storage library, wherein the logical button appears on every page displayed on the screen, wherein providing the input for capturing a snapshot is the sole function of the logical button upon being triggered. 4. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 1, comprising:
transmitting the snapshot to a remote location. 5. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 1, wherein the snapshot includes a preconfigured set of information, wherein the preconfigured set of information is selected from a group consisting of: trace information, diagnostic information, statistical information, configuration information, backup information and database information. 6. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 1, wherein the automated data storage library is a magnetic tape library. 7. The computer-implemented method as recited in claim 1, wherein storing the captured snapshot includes:
determining whether a total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library exceeds a threshold; and overwriting a selected stored snapshot in the automated data storage library with the captured snapshot in response to determining that the total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library exceeds the threshold. 8. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
receive, by the processor, an input from a designated mechanism of an automated data storage library in response to the designated mechanism being triggered, with a proviso that the designated mechanism is triggerable without performing any preliminary steps, wherein the designated mechanism is accessible at the automated data storage library; capture, by the processor, a snapshot of one or more logs in response to receiving the input from the designated mechanism; and store, by the processor, the snapshot in memory. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the designated mechanism is a physical push button integrated in a housing of the automated data storage library, wherein providing the input for capturing a snapshot is the sole function of the physical push button upon being triggered. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the designated mechanism is a logical button on a screen, wherein the screen is integrated in a housing of the automated data storage library, wherein the logical button appears on every page displayed on the screen, wherein providing the input for capturing a snapshot is the sole function of the logical button upon being triggered. 11. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the processor to:
transmit, by the processor, the snapshot to a remote location. 12. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the snapshot includes a preconfigured set of information, wherein the preconfigured set of information is selected from a group consisting of: trace information, diagnostic information, statistical information, configuration information, backup information and database information. 13. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the automated data storage library is a magnetic tape library. 14. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein storing the captured snapshot includes:
determine, by the processor, whether a total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library exceeds a threshold; and overwrite, by the processor, a selected stored snapshot in the automated data storage library with the captured snapshot in response to determining that the total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library exceeds the threshold. 15. A system, comprising:
a processor; and logic integrated with the processor, executable by the processor, or integrated with and executable by the processor, the logic being configured to: receive, by the processor, an input from a designated mechanism of an automated data storage library in response to the designated mechanism being triggered, wherein the designated mechanism is accessible at the automated data storage library; determine, by the processor, whether a maximum number of snapshots have been captured in a given amount of time; ignore, by the processor, the input received in response to determining that the maximum number of snapshots have been captured in the given amount of time; capture, by the processor, a snapshot of one or more data logs in direct response to receiving the input from the designated mechanism and determining that the maximum number of snapshots have not been captured in the given amount of time; determine, by the processor, whether a total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library exceeds a threshold; overwrite, by the processor, a selected snapshot stored in the automated data storage library with the captured snapshot in response to determining that the total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library exceeds the threshold; store, by the processor, the snapshot in memory in response to determining that a total amount of snapshots stored in the automated data storage library does not exceed a threshold; establish, by the processor, a connection with a remote location; and transmit, by the processor, a redundant copy of the snapshot to a remote location, wherein the snapshot includes a preconfigured set of information, wherein the preconfigured set of information is selected from a group consisting of: trace information, diagnostic information, statistical information, configuration information, backup information and database information, wherein the automated data storage library is a magnetic tape library. 16. The system of claim 19, wherein the designated mechanism is a physical push button integrated in a housing of the automated data storage library, wherein providing the input for capturing a snapshot is the sole function of the physical push button upon being triggered. 17. The system of claim 19, wherein the designated mechanism is a logical button on a screen, wherein the screen is integrated in a housing of the automated data storage library, wherein the logical button appears on every page displayed on the screen, wherein providing the input for capturing a snapshot is the sole function of the logical button upon being triggered. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the snapshot is stored in a designated portion of the memory, wherein the designated portion of the memory is configured as a circular buffer, wherein the selected snapshot is overwritten in the circular buffer in a first-in-first-out manner. 19. The system of claim 15, with a proviso that the designated mechanism is triggerable without performing any other preliminary steps. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the snapshot is stored in a designated portion of the memory, wherein the designated portion of the memory is configured as a circular buffer, wherein the selected snapshot is overwritten in the circular buffer in a last-in-first-out manner. | 2,100 |
4,394 | 15,179,424 | 2,184 | Systems and methods for validating storage media and/or media drives in a storage library using a hidden drive pool and a non-hidden media pool. For example, a storage library can be instructed to perform media/drive validation (MDV) on a selected pool of physical storage media using a selected pool of drive resources. Embodiments handle the pools so that, at least during performance of MDV, the drive resources in the drive pool are not visible to the host applications, but the storage media is still visible and can still be accessed by the host application. For example, the MDV can be performed in such a way that the host application cannot task a drive being used for validation, but the host application can perform operations on storage media in the media validation pool. Further, some embodiments operate in the context of storage library complex-wide validation pools. | 1. A storage library system, comprising:
a plurality of tangible storage media; a plurality of media drives that operate to receive the plurality of tangible storage media for reading or writing; and at least one processor that operates to communicate with at least one host application, and to perform steps comprising:
instructing at least one media drive of the plurality of media drives to execute a validation of at least one tangible storage medium of the plurality of tangible storage media; and
permitting access to the at least one tangible storage medium by the at least one host application during the validation. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the permitting includes:
assigning the at least one tangible storage medium to a target media pool of a validation. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the assigning is performed in a manner that maintains visibility of the at least one tangible storage medium by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one tangible storage medium. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein, in response to receiving an access request for the at least one tangible storage medium from the at least one host application while the at least one media drive is executing the validation, the at least one processor further operates to perform steps comprising:
interrupting execution of the validation in response to the access request; and instructing the storage library to fulfill the access request using the at least one tangible storage medium. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor further operates to perform steps comprising:
hiding access to the at least one media drive by the at least one host application during the validation. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the hiding includes:
assigning the at least one media drive to a target drive resource pool of the validation. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the assigning is performed in a manner that hides visibility of the at least one media drive by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one tangible storage medium. 8. A method, comprising:
instructing, by a processor that is in communication with a storage library system, at least one media drive of the storage library system to execute a validation of at least one tangible storage medium; permitting access to the at least one tangible storage medium by at least one host application in communication with the processor during the validation. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein, in response to receiving an access request for the at least one tangible storage medium from the at least one host application while the at least one media drive is executing the validation, the method further includes:
interrupting, by the processor, execution of the validation in response to the access request; and instructing the storage library to fulfill the access request using the at least one tangible storage medium. 10. The method of claim 8, further including:
assigning the at least one tangible storage medium to a target media pool of a validation to maintain visibility of the at least one tangible storage medium by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one tangible storage medium. 11. The method of claim 8, further including:
hiding access to the at least one media drive by the at least one host application during the validation. 12. The method of claim 11, further including:
assigning the at least one media drive to a target drive resource pool of the validation to hide visibility of the at least one media drive by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one tangible storage medium. 13. The method of claim 12, further including:
removing logical accessibility by the at least one host application to the at least one media drive via a data path interface between the at least one host application and the at least one media drive to hide visibility of the at least one media drive from the at least one host application. 14. The method of claim 13, further including:
waiting for a logical indication that data path connections have been physically disconnected from the at least one media drive; and instructing the storage library system to move the at least one tangible storage medium to the at least one media drive before the validation. 15. The method of claim 12, further including:
assigning the at least one media drive to a library partition that the at least one host application does not have permission to access to hide visibility of the at least one media drive from the at least one host application. 16. A system for use in a storage library system, comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable memory logically connected to the processor and including a set of computer readable instructions that are executable by the processor to:
instruct a robotic assembly of the storage library system to move at least one storage medium into at least one media drive;
instruct the at least one media drive to execute a validation of the at least one storage medium; and
maintain visibility of the at least one storage medium by at least one host application in communication with the processor during the validation. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the set of computer readable instructions are further executable by the processor to:
hide visibility of the at least one media drive by the at least one host application during the validation. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the set of computer readable instructions are further executable by the processor to:
assign the at least one media drive to a target drive resource pool of the validation to hide visibility of the at least one media drive by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one tangible storage medium. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the set of computer readable instructions are further executable by the processor to:
assign the at least one storage medium to a target media pool of a validation to maintain visibility of the at least one storage medium by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one storage medium. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the set of computer readable instructions are further executable by the processor to:
assign the at least one storage medium to a target media pool of a validation to maintain visibility of the at least one storage medium by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one storage medium. | Systems and methods for validating storage media and/or media drives in a storage library using a hidden drive pool and a non-hidden media pool. For example, a storage library can be instructed to perform media/drive validation (MDV) on a selected pool of physical storage media using a selected pool of drive resources. Embodiments handle the pools so that, at least during performance of MDV, the drive resources in the drive pool are not visible to the host applications, but the storage media is still visible and can still be accessed by the host application. For example, the MDV can be performed in such a way that the host application cannot task a drive being used for validation, but the host application can perform operations on storage media in the media validation pool. Further, some embodiments operate in the context of storage library complex-wide validation pools.1. A storage library system, comprising:
a plurality of tangible storage media; a plurality of media drives that operate to receive the plurality of tangible storage media for reading or writing; and at least one processor that operates to communicate with at least one host application, and to perform steps comprising:
instructing at least one media drive of the plurality of media drives to execute a validation of at least one tangible storage medium of the plurality of tangible storage media; and
permitting access to the at least one tangible storage medium by the at least one host application during the validation. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the permitting includes:
assigning the at least one tangible storage medium to a target media pool of a validation. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the assigning is performed in a manner that maintains visibility of the at least one tangible storage medium by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one tangible storage medium. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein, in response to receiving an access request for the at least one tangible storage medium from the at least one host application while the at least one media drive is executing the validation, the at least one processor further operates to perform steps comprising:
interrupting execution of the validation in response to the access request; and instructing the storage library to fulfill the access request using the at least one tangible storage medium. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor further operates to perform steps comprising:
hiding access to the at least one media drive by the at least one host application during the validation. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the hiding includes:
assigning the at least one media drive to a target drive resource pool of the validation. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the assigning is performed in a manner that hides visibility of the at least one media drive by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one tangible storage medium. 8. A method, comprising:
instructing, by a processor that is in communication with a storage library system, at least one media drive of the storage library system to execute a validation of at least one tangible storage medium; permitting access to the at least one tangible storage medium by at least one host application in communication with the processor during the validation. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein, in response to receiving an access request for the at least one tangible storage medium from the at least one host application while the at least one media drive is executing the validation, the method further includes:
interrupting, by the processor, execution of the validation in response to the access request; and instructing the storage library to fulfill the access request using the at least one tangible storage medium. 10. The method of claim 8, further including:
assigning the at least one tangible storage medium to a target media pool of a validation to maintain visibility of the at least one tangible storage medium by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one tangible storage medium. 11. The method of claim 8, further including:
hiding access to the at least one media drive by the at least one host application during the validation. 12. The method of claim 11, further including:
assigning the at least one media drive to a target drive resource pool of the validation to hide visibility of the at least one media drive by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one tangible storage medium. 13. The method of claim 12, further including:
removing logical accessibility by the at least one host application to the at least one media drive via a data path interface between the at least one host application and the at least one media drive to hide visibility of the at least one media drive from the at least one host application. 14. The method of claim 13, further including:
waiting for a logical indication that data path connections have been physically disconnected from the at least one media drive; and instructing the storage library system to move the at least one tangible storage medium to the at least one media drive before the validation. 15. The method of claim 12, further including:
assigning the at least one media drive to a library partition that the at least one host application does not have permission to access to hide visibility of the at least one media drive from the at least one host application. 16. A system for use in a storage library system, comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable memory logically connected to the processor and including a set of computer readable instructions that are executable by the processor to:
instruct a robotic assembly of the storage library system to move at least one storage medium into at least one media drive;
instruct the at least one media drive to execute a validation of the at least one storage medium; and
maintain visibility of the at least one storage medium by at least one host application in communication with the processor during the validation. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the set of computer readable instructions are further executable by the processor to:
hide visibility of the at least one media drive by the at least one host application during the validation. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the set of computer readable instructions are further executable by the processor to:
assign the at least one media drive to a target drive resource pool of the validation to hide visibility of the at least one media drive by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one tangible storage medium. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the set of computer readable instructions are further executable by the processor to:
assign the at least one storage medium to a target media pool of a validation to maintain visibility of the at least one storage medium by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one storage medium. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the set of computer readable instructions are further executable by the processor to:
assign the at least one storage medium to a target media pool of a validation to maintain visibility of the at least one storage medium by the at least one host application during the validation of the at least one storage medium. | 2,100 |
4,395 | 13,537,245 | 2,117 | A contrast target tool for locating and marking a desired location on a surface of an object. The contrast tool can have a target flange with a plurality of contrast targets thereon and a marker that is rigidly attached to and extending from the target flange. The marker can have a marker end that is operable to produce a mark on the three-dimensional object and the target flange with the marker can be operable to be viewed by a digital imaging system. In this manner, a present location of the marker end can be determined and tracked in real time to allow the operator to locate and place the marker end at the desired or precise location on the object surface and produce a mark thereon. | 1. A contrast target tool for locating and marking a desired location on a three-dimensional object, said contrast target tool comprising;
a target flange having a plurality of contrast targets thereon; and a marker rigidly attached to and extending from said target flange, said marker having a marker end operable to produce a mark on the three-dimensional object; said target flange with said marker operable to be viewed by a digital imaging system such that a present location of said marker end is determined, tracked in real time and provided to an operator in order to allow the operator to locate and place said marker end at the desired location on the three-dimensional object and produce a mark thereon. 2. The contrast target tool of claim 1, wherein said marker is a center punch operable to put an indentation on the three-dimensional object. 3. The contrast target tool of claim 1, wherein said marker is a retractable marker pen operable to put an ink mark on the three-dimensional object. 4. The contrast target tool of claim 1, wherein said marker is operable to produce said mark on the three-dimensional object when a force is applied to said marker. 5. The contrast target tool of claim 4, wherein said marker is a center punch and the force is a push force onto said center punch. 6. The contrast target tool of claim 1, further comprising a display screen operable to display and provide viewing in real time digital coordinates of the present location of said marker. 7. A contrast target tool system for locating and producing a mark at a desired location on an object, said system comprising:
a target flange having a plurality of contrast targets thereon; a marker rigidly attached to and extending from said target flange, said marker having a marking end operable to produce a mark on the object when the desired location on the object is determined; and a digital imaging system with a camera and display screen, said digital imaging system operable to recognize said plurality of contrast targets on said target flange and determine a digital location in space and real time of said marking end, said digital imaging system also operable to display digital coordinates of said digital location in real time on said digital screen and allow an operator to track said digital location and find the desired location on the object, apply a force to said marker and produce the mark on the object at the desired location. 8. The contrast target tool system of claim 7, wherein said marker is a center punch operable to put an indentation on the object. 9. The contrast target toot system of claim 7, wherein said marker is a retractable marker pen operable to put an ink mark on the object. 10. The contrast target tool of claim 7, wherein said marker is operable to produce said mark on three-dimensional object when a force is applied to said marker. 11. The contrast target tool of claim 10, wherein said marker is a center punch and the force is a push force onto said center punch. 12. A process for locating and marking a desired location on a surface of an object, the process comprising:
providing an object having a surface with a desired location thereon; providing a contrast target tool having a target flange and a plurality of contrast targets on the target flange, the contrast target tool also having a marker rigidly attached to and extending from the target flange, the marker having a marker end operable to produce a mark on the surface of the object; providing a digital imaging system with a camera and a display screen, the digital imaging system operable to recognize the plurality of contrast targets on the target flange, the digital imaging system also operable to determine a location in real time of the marker end; holding the contrast target tool proximate the surface of the object; displaying real time digital coordinates of the marker end on the display screen; moving the marker end along the surface of the object while viewing the real time digital coordinates of the marker end on the display screen until the marker end is positioned at the desired location on the surface of the object; and marking the surface of the object at the desired location with the marker end of the marker. 13. The process of claim 12, wherein the marker is a center punch and the marking is an indentation on the surface of the object. 14. The process of claim 12, wherein the marker is a retractable marker pen and the marking is an ink mark on the surface of the object. 15. The process of claim 12, wherein marking the surface of the object at the desired location with the marker end of the marker includes applying a force onto the marker. 16. The process of claim 15, wherein the marker is a center punch and the force applied to the marker is a push force that results in the center punch creating a punch mark on the surface of the object. 17. The process of claim 15, wherein the marker is a retractable marker pen and the force applied to the marker is a push force that results in the retractable marker pen creating an ink mark on the surface of the object. | A contrast target tool for locating and marking a desired location on a surface of an object. The contrast tool can have a target flange with a plurality of contrast targets thereon and a marker that is rigidly attached to and extending from the target flange. The marker can have a marker end that is operable to produce a mark on the three-dimensional object and the target flange with the marker can be operable to be viewed by a digital imaging system. In this manner, a present location of the marker end can be determined and tracked in real time to allow the operator to locate and place the marker end at the desired or precise location on the object surface and produce a mark thereon.1. A contrast target tool for locating and marking a desired location on a three-dimensional object, said contrast target tool comprising;
a target flange having a plurality of contrast targets thereon; and a marker rigidly attached to and extending from said target flange, said marker having a marker end operable to produce a mark on the three-dimensional object; said target flange with said marker operable to be viewed by a digital imaging system such that a present location of said marker end is determined, tracked in real time and provided to an operator in order to allow the operator to locate and place said marker end at the desired location on the three-dimensional object and produce a mark thereon. 2. The contrast target tool of claim 1, wherein said marker is a center punch operable to put an indentation on the three-dimensional object. 3. The contrast target tool of claim 1, wherein said marker is a retractable marker pen operable to put an ink mark on the three-dimensional object. 4. The contrast target tool of claim 1, wherein said marker is operable to produce said mark on the three-dimensional object when a force is applied to said marker. 5. The contrast target tool of claim 4, wherein said marker is a center punch and the force is a push force onto said center punch. 6. The contrast target tool of claim 1, further comprising a display screen operable to display and provide viewing in real time digital coordinates of the present location of said marker. 7. A contrast target tool system for locating and producing a mark at a desired location on an object, said system comprising:
a target flange having a plurality of contrast targets thereon; a marker rigidly attached to and extending from said target flange, said marker having a marking end operable to produce a mark on the object when the desired location on the object is determined; and a digital imaging system with a camera and display screen, said digital imaging system operable to recognize said plurality of contrast targets on said target flange and determine a digital location in space and real time of said marking end, said digital imaging system also operable to display digital coordinates of said digital location in real time on said digital screen and allow an operator to track said digital location and find the desired location on the object, apply a force to said marker and produce the mark on the object at the desired location. 8. The contrast target tool system of claim 7, wherein said marker is a center punch operable to put an indentation on the object. 9. The contrast target toot system of claim 7, wherein said marker is a retractable marker pen operable to put an ink mark on the object. 10. The contrast target tool of claim 7, wherein said marker is operable to produce said mark on three-dimensional object when a force is applied to said marker. 11. The contrast target tool of claim 10, wherein said marker is a center punch and the force is a push force onto said center punch. 12. A process for locating and marking a desired location on a surface of an object, the process comprising:
providing an object having a surface with a desired location thereon; providing a contrast target tool having a target flange and a plurality of contrast targets on the target flange, the contrast target tool also having a marker rigidly attached to and extending from the target flange, the marker having a marker end operable to produce a mark on the surface of the object; providing a digital imaging system with a camera and a display screen, the digital imaging system operable to recognize the plurality of contrast targets on the target flange, the digital imaging system also operable to determine a location in real time of the marker end; holding the contrast target tool proximate the surface of the object; displaying real time digital coordinates of the marker end on the display screen; moving the marker end along the surface of the object while viewing the real time digital coordinates of the marker end on the display screen until the marker end is positioned at the desired location on the surface of the object; and marking the surface of the object at the desired location with the marker end of the marker. 13. The process of claim 12, wherein the marker is a center punch and the marking is an indentation on the surface of the object. 14. The process of claim 12, wherein the marker is a retractable marker pen and the marking is an ink mark on the surface of the object. 15. The process of claim 12, wherein marking the surface of the object at the desired location with the marker end of the marker includes applying a force onto the marker. 16. The process of claim 15, wherein the marker is a center punch and the force applied to the marker is a push force that results in the center punch creating a punch mark on the surface of the object. 17. The process of claim 15, wherein the marker is a retractable marker pen and the force applied to the marker is a push force that results in the retractable marker pen creating an ink mark on the surface of the object. | 2,100 |
4,396 | 14,467,665 | 2,193 | According to at least one embodiment, a computer system for binding widgets to devices is provided. The computer system includes one or more memory elements collectively storing a plurality of widgets including a plurality of default identifiers and a plurality of identifiers of a plurality of devices associated with an identified space. The computer system also includes at least one processor in data communication with the one or more memory elements and a deployment component executable by the at least one processor. The deployment component is configured to receive a request to bind the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices and bind, in response to receiving the request, the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices using the plurality of identifiers. | 1. A system comprising:
one or more memory elements collectively storing:
a plurality of widgets including a plurality of default identifiers; and
a plurality of identifiers of a plurality of devices associated with an identified space;
at least one processor in data communication with the one or more memory elements; and a deployment component executable by the at least one processor and configured to:
receive a request to bind the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices; and
bind, in response to receiving the request, the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices using the plurality of identifiers. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the request to bind is included in a request to deploy and the deployment component is further configured to transmit, in response to receiving the request to deploy, a user app to a mobile computing device, the user app including the plurality of widgets and being configured to monitor and control the plurality of devices via the plurality of widgets. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the deployment component is configured to transmit the user app to a shell app executing on the mobile computing device, the shell app being configured to automatically install the user app on the mobile device in response to receiving the user app. 4. The system of claim 3, further comprising a monitor and control system associated with the identified space and configured to monitor and control the plurality of devices, wherein at least one widget of the plurality of widgets includes a system interface configured to transmit at least one request to at least one device of the plurality of devices via the monitor and control system. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein monitor and control system is a building management system. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the deployment component is configured to bind the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices by replacing the plurality of default identifiers with identifiers from the plurality of identifiers and the at least one request includes at least one identifier of the plurality of identifiers. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the request to bind is included in a request to store and the deployment component is further configured to store, in response to receiving the request to store, a user app at a location accessible by an app management system. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the app management system is configured to simulate the user app on an external computer system. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the deployment component is further configured to:
receive a request to deploy distinct from the request to bind; and transmit, in response to receiving the request to deploy, the user app to a mobile computing device. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the deployment component is configured to bind the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices at least in part by binding at least one widget of the plurality of widgets to at least one control point of at least one device of the plurality of devices. 11. A method of binding widgets to devices using a computer system having one or more memory elements collectively storing a plurality of widgets including a plurality of default identifiers and a plurality of identifiers of a plurality of devices associated with an identified space, the method comprising:
receiving, by a deployment component executed by at least one processor in data communication with the one or more memory elements, a request to bind the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices; binding, by the deployment component in response to receiving the request, the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices using the plurality of identifiers. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the request to bind is included in a request to deploy and the method further comprises transmitting, by the deployment component, in response to receiving the request to deploy, a user app to a mobile computing device, the user app including the plurality of widgets and being configured to monitor and control the plurality of devices via the plurality of widgets. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting the user app includes transmitting the user app to a shell app executing on the mobile computing device, and the method further comprises automatically installing, by the shell app, the user app on the mobile device in response to receiving the user app. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising transmitting, by a system interface included in at least one widget of the plurality of widgets, at least one request to at least one device of the plurality of devices via a monitoring and control system associated with the identified space and configured to monitor and control the plurality of devices. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein transmitting the at least one request includes transmitting the at least one request via a building management system. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein binding the plurality of widgets includes replacing the plurality of default identifiers with identifiers from the plurality of identifiers and transmitting the at least one request include transmitting at least one request including at least one identifier of the plurality of identifiers. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the request to bind is included in a request to store and the method further comprises storing, in response to receiving the request to store, a user app at a location accessible to an app management system. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising simulating, by the app management system, the user app on an external computer system. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising receiving, by the deployment component, a request to deploy distinct from the request to bind; and
transmitting, in response to receiving the request to deploy, the user app to a mobile computing device. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing sequences of computer executable instructions for binding widgets to devices, the sequences of computer executable instructions including instructions that instruct at least one processor to:
execute a deployment component; receive, by the deployment component, a request to bind a plurality of widgets to a plurality of devices associated with an identified space; access, by the deployment component, one or more memory elements in data communication with the at least one processor and collectively storing a plurality of widgets including a plurality of default identifiers and a plurality of identifiers of the plurality of devices; and bind, in response to receiving the request, the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices using the plurality of identifiers. | According to at least one embodiment, a computer system for binding widgets to devices is provided. The computer system includes one or more memory elements collectively storing a plurality of widgets including a plurality of default identifiers and a plurality of identifiers of a plurality of devices associated with an identified space. The computer system also includes at least one processor in data communication with the one or more memory elements and a deployment component executable by the at least one processor. The deployment component is configured to receive a request to bind the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices and bind, in response to receiving the request, the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices using the plurality of identifiers.1. A system comprising:
one or more memory elements collectively storing:
a plurality of widgets including a plurality of default identifiers; and
a plurality of identifiers of a plurality of devices associated with an identified space;
at least one processor in data communication with the one or more memory elements; and a deployment component executable by the at least one processor and configured to:
receive a request to bind the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices; and
bind, in response to receiving the request, the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices using the plurality of identifiers. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the request to bind is included in a request to deploy and the deployment component is further configured to transmit, in response to receiving the request to deploy, a user app to a mobile computing device, the user app including the plurality of widgets and being configured to monitor and control the plurality of devices via the plurality of widgets. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the deployment component is configured to transmit the user app to a shell app executing on the mobile computing device, the shell app being configured to automatically install the user app on the mobile device in response to receiving the user app. 4. The system of claim 3, further comprising a monitor and control system associated with the identified space and configured to monitor and control the plurality of devices, wherein at least one widget of the plurality of widgets includes a system interface configured to transmit at least one request to at least one device of the plurality of devices via the monitor and control system. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein monitor and control system is a building management system. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the deployment component is configured to bind the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices by replacing the plurality of default identifiers with identifiers from the plurality of identifiers and the at least one request includes at least one identifier of the plurality of identifiers. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the request to bind is included in a request to store and the deployment component is further configured to store, in response to receiving the request to store, a user app at a location accessible by an app management system. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the app management system is configured to simulate the user app on an external computer system. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the deployment component is further configured to:
receive a request to deploy distinct from the request to bind; and transmit, in response to receiving the request to deploy, the user app to a mobile computing device. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the deployment component is configured to bind the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices at least in part by binding at least one widget of the plurality of widgets to at least one control point of at least one device of the plurality of devices. 11. A method of binding widgets to devices using a computer system having one or more memory elements collectively storing a plurality of widgets including a plurality of default identifiers and a plurality of identifiers of a plurality of devices associated with an identified space, the method comprising:
receiving, by a deployment component executed by at least one processor in data communication with the one or more memory elements, a request to bind the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices; binding, by the deployment component in response to receiving the request, the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices using the plurality of identifiers. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the request to bind is included in a request to deploy and the method further comprises transmitting, by the deployment component, in response to receiving the request to deploy, a user app to a mobile computing device, the user app including the plurality of widgets and being configured to monitor and control the plurality of devices via the plurality of widgets. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting the user app includes transmitting the user app to a shell app executing on the mobile computing device, and the method further comprises automatically installing, by the shell app, the user app on the mobile device in response to receiving the user app. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising transmitting, by a system interface included in at least one widget of the plurality of widgets, at least one request to at least one device of the plurality of devices via a monitoring and control system associated with the identified space and configured to monitor and control the plurality of devices. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein transmitting the at least one request includes transmitting the at least one request via a building management system. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein binding the plurality of widgets includes replacing the plurality of default identifiers with identifiers from the plurality of identifiers and transmitting the at least one request include transmitting at least one request including at least one identifier of the plurality of identifiers. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the request to bind is included in a request to store and the method further comprises storing, in response to receiving the request to store, a user app at a location accessible to an app management system. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising simulating, by the app management system, the user app on an external computer system. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising receiving, by the deployment component, a request to deploy distinct from the request to bind; and
transmitting, in response to receiving the request to deploy, the user app to a mobile computing device. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing sequences of computer executable instructions for binding widgets to devices, the sequences of computer executable instructions including instructions that instruct at least one processor to:
execute a deployment component; receive, by the deployment component, a request to bind a plurality of widgets to a plurality of devices associated with an identified space; access, by the deployment component, one or more memory elements in data communication with the at least one processor and collectively storing a plurality of widgets including a plurality of default identifiers and a plurality of identifiers of the plurality of devices; and bind, in response to receiving the request, the plurality of widgets to the plurality of devices using the plurality of identifiers. | 2,100 |
4,397 | 14,519,723 | 2,176 | A method, system and computer program product for improving understanding of comments on collections of data. A social media stream is monitored for comments to a container (e.g., photo album) and elements within the container (e.g., photographs). These comments are stored in a data structure along with an identification of the container or element of the container upon which the comments are directed. In response to a user selecting to view comments to an element within the container or the container itself, the data structure is searched for the comments to the selected element or container. Images of the container are then displayed in a fliptych manner, where the selected element or container is displayed in the center section of the fliptych. A list of comments is displayed in a comments section below the fliptych, where the list of comments includes highlighted comments directed to the selected element or container. | 1-10. (canceled) 11. A computer program product for improving understanding of comments on collections of data, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program code embodied therewith, the program code comprising the programming instructions for:
monitoring a social media stream for comments to a container and elements within said container; saving said comments to a data structure along with an identification of said container or an element of said container upon which said comments are directed; searching said data structure for comments to said container or to an element of said container in response to a user selecting to view comments to said container or said element of said container; retrieving said comments to said container or to said element of said container from said data structure; and displaying images of elements of said container in a fliptych manner and a first list of comments in a comments section, wherein an image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user is displayed in a center section of said fliptych, wherein said first list of comments comprises comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user which are highlighted. 12. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
notifying said user regarding comments made to one or more of said container and said element of said container. 13. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
keeping track of comments, elements of said container and said container viewed by said user via a node graph. 14. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
searching said data structure for comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to having available space on a display of a user's computing device to display related comments; and retrieving said comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user from said data structure; wherein said first list of comments comprises said retrieved comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user. 15. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
displaying images of said elements of said container in said fliptych manner and a second list of comments in said comments section in response to said user selecting a comment in said first list of comments directed to a second element of said container, wherein an image of said second element is displayed in said center section of said fliptych, wherein said second list of comments comprises comments directed to said second element of said container. 16. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
prioritizing comments retrieved from said data structure based on an author of comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user as well as based on comments temporally and sequentially close to comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to an insufficient area on a display of a user's computing device to display all of said comments retrieved from said data structure, wherein said first list of comments comprises a number of said prioritized comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user equal to a number of comments that can be displayed in said comments section. 17. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
selecting additional comments from said data structure based on an author of comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user as well as based on comments temporally and sequentially close to comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to having available space on a display of a user's computing device to display related comments and in response to there being no comments said user has not seen, wherein said first list of comments comprises said additional comments. 18. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
receiving a section of an area of said image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user displayed in said fliptych; and adjusting comments displayed in said first list of comments to highlight comments particular to said selected area of said image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user displayed in said fliptych. 19. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein said container comprises one of the following: a photo album, a collection of documents, a document, and a collection of files, wherein said element of said container comprises one of the following: a photograph, a document, a page or section of a document, and a file. 20. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
displaying a second element of said container in said center section of said fliptych in response to said user selecting said second element previously displayed in either a left-hand portion or a right-hand portion of a stack of said fliptych; searching said data structure for comments to said second element; retrieving said comments to said second element from said data structure; and displaying a second list of comments to replace said first list of comments, wherein said second list of comments comprises said comments to said second element which are highlighted. 21. A system, comprising:
a memory unit for storing a computer program for improving understanding of comments on collections of data; and a processor coupled to the memory unit, wherein the processor is configured to execute the program instructions of the computer program comprising:
monitoring a social media stream for comments to a container and elements within said container;
saving said comments to a data structure along with an identification of said container or an element of said container upon which said comments are directed;
searching said data structure for comments to said container or to an element of said container in response to a user selecting to view comments to said container or said element of said container;
retrieving said comments to said container or to said element of said container from said data structure; and
displaying images of elements of said container in a fliptych manner and a first list of comments in a comments section, wherein an image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user is displayed in a center section of said fliptych, wherein said first list of comments comprises comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user which are highlighted. 22. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
notifying said user regarding comments made to one or more of said container and said element of said container. 23. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
keeping track of comments, elements of said container and said container viewed by said user via a node graph. 24. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
searching said data structure for comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to having available space on a display of a user's computing device to display related comments; and retrieving said comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user from said data structure; wherein said first list of comments comprises said retrieved comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user. 25. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
displaying images of said elements of said container in said fliptych manner and a second list of comments in said comments section in response to said user selecting a comment in said first list of comments directed to a second element of said container, wherein an image of said second element is displayed in said center section of said fliptych, wherein said second list of comments comprises comments directed to said second element of said container. 26. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
prioritizing comments retrieved from said data structure based on an author of comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user as well as based on comments temporally and sequentially close to comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to an insufficient area on a display of a user's computing device to display all of said comments retrieved from said data structure, wherein said first list of comments comprises a number of said prioritized comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user equal to a number of comments that can be displayed in said comments section. 27. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
selecting additional comments from said data structure based on an author of comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user as well as based on comments temporally and sequentially close to comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to having available space on a display of a user's computing device to display related comments and in response to there being no comments said user has not seen, wherein said first list of comments comprises said additional comments. 28. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
receiving a section of an area of said image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user displayed in said fliptych; and adjusting comments displayed in said first list of comments to highlight comments particular to said selected area of said image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user displayed in said fliptych. 29. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein said container comprises one of the following: a photo album, a collection of documents, a document, and a collection of files, wherein said element of said container comprises one of the following: a photograph, a document, a page or section of a document, and a file. 30. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
displaying a second element of said container in said center section of said fliptych in response to said user selecting said second element previously displayed in either a left-hand portion or a right-hand portion of a stack of said fliptych; searching said data structure for comments to said second element; retrieving said comments to said second element from said data structure; and displaying a second list of comments to replace said first list of comments, wherein said second list of comments comprises said comments to said second element which are highlighted. | A method, system and computer program product for improving understanding of comments on collections of data. A social media stream is monitored for comments to a container (e.g., photo album) and elements within the container (e.g., photographs). These comments are stored in a data structure along with an identification of the container or element of the container upon which the comments are directed. In response to a user selecting to view comments to an element within the container or the container itself, the data structure is searched for the comments to the selected element or container. Images of the container are then displayed in a fliptych manner, where the selected element or container is displayed in the center section of the fliptych. A list of comments is displayed in a comments section below the fliptych, where the list of comments includes highlighted comments directed to the selected element or container.1-10. (canceled) 11. A computer program product for improving understanding of comments on collections of data, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program code embodied therewith, the program code comprising the programming instructions for:
monitoring a social media stream for comments to a container and elements within said container; saving said comments to a data structure along with an identification of said container or an element of said container upon which said comments are directed; searching said data structure for comments to said container or to an element of said container in response to a user selecting to view comments to said container or said element of said container; retrieving said comments to said container or to said element of said container from said data structure; and displaying images of elements of said container in a fliptych manner and a first list of comments in a comments section, wherein an image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user is displayed in a center section of said fliptych, wherein said first list of comments comprises comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user which are highlighted. 12. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
notifying said user regarding comments made to one or more of said container and said element of said container. 13. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
keeping track of comments, elements of said container and said container viewed by said user via a node graph. 14. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
searching said data structure for comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to having available space on a display of a user's computing device to display related comments; and retrieving said comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user from said data structure; wherein said first list of comments comprises said retrieved comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user. 15. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
displaying images of said elements of said container in said fliptych manner and a second list of comments in said comments section in response to said user selecting a comment in said first list of comments directed to a second element of said container, wherein an image of said second element is displayed in said center section of said fliptych, wherein said second list of comments comprises comments directed to said second element of said container. 16. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
prioritizing comments retrieved from said data structure based on an author of comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user as well as based on comments temporally and sequentially close to comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to an insufficient area on a display of a user's computing device to display all of said comments retrieved from said data structure, wherein said first list of comments comprises a number of said prioritized comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user equal to a number of comments that can be displayed in said comments section. 17. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
selecting additional comments from said data structure based on an author of comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user as well as based on comments temporally and sequentially close to comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to having available space on a display of a user's computing device to display related comments and in response to there being no comments said user has not seen, wherein said first list of comments comprises said additional comments. 18. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
receiving a section of an area of said image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user displayed in said fliptych; and adjusting comments displayed in said first list of comments to highlight comments particular to said selected area of said image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user displayed in said fliptych. 19. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein said container comprises one of the following: a photo album, a collection of documents, a document, and a collection of files, wherein said element of said container comprises one of the following: a photograph, a document, a page or section of a document, and a file. 20. The computer program product as recited in claim 11, wherein the program code further comprises the programming instructions for:
displaying a second element of said container in said center section of said fliptych in response to said user selecting said second element previously displayed in either a left-hand portion or a right-hand portion of a stack of said fliptych; searching said data structure for comments to said second element; retrieving said comments to said second element from said data structure; and displaying a second list of comments to replace said first list of comments, wherein said second list of comments comprises said comments to said second element which are highlighted. 21. A system, comprising:
a memory unit for storing a computer program for improving understanding of comments on collections of data; and a processor coupled to the memory unit, wherein the processor is configured to execute the program instructions of the computer program comprising:
monitoring a social media stream for comments to a container and elements within said container;
saving said comments to a data structure along with an identification of said container or an element of said container upon which said comments are directed;
searching said data structure for comments to said container or to an element of said container in response to a user selecting to view comments to said container or said element of said container;
retrieving said comments to said container or to said element of said container from said data structure; and
displaying images of elements of said container in a fliptych manner and a first list of comments in a comments section, wherein an image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user is displayed in a center section of said fliptych, wherein said first list of comments comprises comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user which are highlighted. 22. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
notifying said user regarding comments made to one or more of said container and said element of said container. 23. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
keeping track of comments, elements of said container and said container viewed by said user via a node graph. 24. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
searching said data structure for comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to having available space on a display of a user's computing device to display related comments; and retrieving said comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user from said data structure; wherein said first list of comments comprises said retrieved comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user. 25. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
displaying images of said elements of said container in said fliptych manner and a second list of comments in said comments section in response to said user selecting a comment in said first list of comments directed to a second element of said container, wherein an image of said second element is displayed in said center section of said fliptych, wherein said second list of comments comprises comments directed to said second element of said container. 26. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
prioritizing comments retrieved from said data structure based on an author of comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user as well as based on comments temporally and sequentially close to comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to an insufficient area on a display of a user's computing device to display all of said comments retrieved from said data structure, wherein said first list of comments comprises a number of said prioritized comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user equal to a number of comments that can be displayed in said comments section. 27. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
selecting additional comments from said data structure based on an author of comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user as well as based on comments temporally and sequentially close to comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to having available space on a display of a user's computing device to display related comments and in response to there being no comments said user has not seen, wherein said first list of comments comprises said additional comments. 28. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
receiving a section of an area of said image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user displayed in said fliptych; and adjusting comments displayed in said first list of comments to highlight comments particular to said selected area of said image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user displayed in said fliptych. 29. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein said container comprises one of the following: a photo album, a collection of documents, a document, and a collection of files, wherein said element of said container comprises one of the following: a photograph, a document, a page or section of a document, and a file. 30. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the program instructions of the computer program further comprises:
displaying a second element of said container in said center section of said fliptych in response to said user selecting said second element previously displayed in either a left-hand portion or a right-hand portion of a stack of said fliptych; searching said data structure for comments to said second element; retrieving said comments to said second element from said data structure; and displaying a second list of comments to replace said first list of comments, wherein said second list of comments comprises said comments to said second element which are highlighted. | 2,100 |
4,398 | 14,684,392 | 2,176 | A method, system and computer program product for improving understanding of comments on collections of data. A social media stream is monitored for comments to a container (e.g., photo album) and elements within the container (e.g., photographs). These comments are stored in a data structure along with an identification of the container or element of the container upon which the comments are directed. In response to a user selecting to view comments to an element within the container or the container itself, the data structure is searched for the comments to the selected element or container. Images of the container are then displayed in a fliptych manner, where the selected element or container is displayed in the center section of the fliptych. A list of comments is displayed in a comments section below the fliptych, where the list of comments includes highlighted comments directed to the selected element or container. | 1. A method for improving understanding of comments on collections of data, the method comprising:
monitoring a social media stream for comments to a container and elements within said container; saving said comments to a data structure along with an identification of said container or an element of said container upon which said comments are directed; searching, by a processor, said data structure for comments to said container or to an element of said container in response to a user selecting to view comments to said container or said element of said container; retrieving said comments to said container or to said element of said container from said data structure; and displaying images of elements of said container in a fliptych manner and a first list of comments in a comments section, wherein an image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user is displayed in a center section of said fliptych, wherein said first list of comments comprises comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user which are highlighted. 2. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
notifying said user regarding comments made to one or more of said container and said element of said container. 3. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
keeping track of comments, elements of said container and said container viewed by said user via a node graph. 4. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
searching said data structure for comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to having available space on a display of a user's computing device to display related comments; and
retrieving said comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user from said data structure;
wherein said first list of comments comprises said retrieved comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user. 5. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
displaying images of said elements of said container in said fliptych manner and a second list of comments in said comments section in response to said user selecting a comment in said first list of comments directed to a second element of said container, wherein an image of said second element is displayed in said center section of said fliptych, wherein said second list of comments comprises comments directed to said second element of said container. 6. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
prioritizing comments retrieved from said data structure based on an author of comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user as well as based on comments temporally and sequentially close to comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to an insufficient area on a display of a user's computing device to display all of said comments retrieved from said data structure, wherein said first list of comments comprises a number of said prioritized comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user equal to a number of comments that can be displayed in said comments section. 7. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
selecting additional comments from said data structure based on an author of comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user as well as based on comments temporally and sequentially close to comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to having available space on a display of a user's computing device to display related comments and in response to there being no comments said user has not seen, wherein said first list of comments comprises said additional comments. 8. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
receiving a section of an area of said image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user displayed in said fliptych; and
adjusting comments displayed in said first list of comments to highlight comments particular to said selected area of said image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user displayed in said fliptych. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said container comprises one of the following: a photo album, a collection of documents, a document, and a collection of files, wherein said element of said container comprises one of the following: a photograph, a document, a page or section of a document, and a file. 10. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
displaying a second element of said container in said center section of said fliptych in response to said user selecting said second element previously displayed in either a left-hand portion or a right-hand portion of a stack of said fliptych;
searching said data structure for comments to said second element;
retrieving said comments to said second element from said data structure; and
displaying a second list of comments to replace said first list of comments, wherein said second list of comments comprises said comments to said second element which are highlighted. | A method, system and computer program product for improving understanding of comments on collections of data. A social media stream is monitored for comments to a container (e.g., photo album) and elements within the container (e.g., photographs). These comments are stored in a data structure along with an identification of the container or element of the container upon which the comments are directed. In response to a user selecting to view comments to an element within the container or the container itself, the data structure is searched for the comments to the selected element or container. Images of the container are then displayed in a fliptych manner, where the selected element or container is displayed in the center section of the fliptych. A list of comments is displayed in a comments section below the fliptych, where the list of comments includes highlighted comments directed to the selected element or container.1. A method for improving understanding of comments on collections of data, the method comprising:
monitoring a social media stream for comments to a container and elements within said container; saving said comments to a data structure along with an identification of said container or an element of said container upon which said comments are directed; searching, by a processor, said data structure for comments to said container or to an element of said container in response to a user selecting to view comments to said container or said element of said container; retrieving said comments to said container or to said element of said container from said data structure; and displaying images of elements of said container in a fliptych manner and a first list of comments in a comments section, wherein an image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user is displayed in a center section of said fliptych, wherein said first list of comments comprises comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user which are highlighted. 2. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
notifying said user regarding comments made to one or more of said container and said element of said container. 3. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
keeping track of comments, elements of said container and said container viewed by said user via a node graph. 4. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
searching said data structure for comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to having available space on a display of a user's computing device to display related comments; and
retrieving said comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user from said data structure;
wherein said first list of comments comprises said retrieved comments related to said comments directed to said container or said element of said container selected by said user. 5. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
displaying images of said elements of said container in said fliptych manner and a second list of comments in said comments section in response to said user selecting a comment in said first list of comments directed to a second element of said container, wherein an image of said second element is displayed in said center section of said fliptych, wherein said second list of comments comprises comments directed to said second element of said container. 6. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
prioritizing comments retrieved from said data structure based on an author of comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user as well as based on comments temporally and sequentially close to comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to an insufficient area on a display of a user's computing device to display all of said comments retrieved from said data structure, wherein said first list of comments comprises a number of said prioritized comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user equal to a number of comments that can be displayed in said comments section. 7. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
selecting additional comments from said data structure based on an author of comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user as well as based on comments temporally and sequentially close to comments to said container or said element of said container selected by said user in response to having available space on a display of a user's computing device to display related comments and in response to there being no comments said user has not seen, wherein said first list of comments comprises said additional comments. 8. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
receiving a section of an area of said image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user displayed in said fliptych; and
adjusting comments displayed in said first list of comments to highlight comments particular to said selected area of said image of said container or said element of said container selected by said user displayed in said fliptych. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said container comprises one of the following: a photo album, a collection of documents, a document, and a collection of files, wherein said element of said container comprises one of the following: a photograph, a document, a page or section of a document, and a file. 10. The method as recited in claim 1 further comprising:
displaying a second element of said container in said center section of said fliptych in response to said user selecting said second element previously displayed in either a left-hand portion or a right-hand portion of a stack of said fliptych;
searching said data structure for comments to said second element;
retrieving said comments to said second element from said data structure; and
displaying a second list of comments to replace said first list of comments, wherein said second list of comments comprises said comments to said second element which are highlighted. | 2,100 |
4,399 | 14,626,735 | 2,199 | Techniques are described for the automated selection and customization of landscape guides. Landscape guides provide instructions to a customer for making changes to customer landscapes. A customer landscape is an arrangement of servers or other computer systems. During the lifecycle of the customer landscape, the customer landscape may change due to software upgrades, software updates, or software installations. Based on a customer request for a customer landscape change, the techniques can automatically select landscape guides which are relevant to the landscape change and automatically customize the selected landscape guides such that the guides are tailored for the customer. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by a processor, a customer request to modify a customer landscape that includes a plurality of computer systems, wherein the customer request describes a desired configuration for a software application to execute on a computer system of the customer landscape; retrieving, by the processor, information describing a current configuration of the software application or the computer system; determining, by the processor, a software logistics process according to the current configuration and the desired configuration, the software logistics process describing a process to implement the desired configuration of the software application; generating, by the processor, a landscape guide query according to the software logistics process, the customer request, and the information, the landscape guide query being configured to identify a plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides stored in a guides database, the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides providing instructions to implement the desired configuration of the software application; running, by the processor, the landscape guide query; and receiving, by the processor, the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides returned from the query. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
customizing, by the processor, a personalized landscape guide from the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides according to the information describing the current configuration of the software application. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein customizing the personalized landscape guide comprises:
removing, by the processor, one or more instructions from the downloaded universal landscape guide that are irrelevant to the current configuration of the software application. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the information includes at least one of a source product version configured to identify the version of the software application that is installed on the computer system, an operating system identifier configured to identify the operating system executing on the computer system, and a database identifier configured to identify the database utilized by the computer system. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein retrieving information describing the current configuration of the software application or the computer system comprises:
determining, by the processor, a system identifier for the computer system from the customer request; and retrieving, by the processor, the information from a customer profile database according to the system identifier. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the software logistics process comprises:
comparing, by the processor, a first version identifier for the current configuration against a second version identifier for the desired configuration; and determining, by the processor, the software logistics process based on the comparison. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the software logistics process is determined to be an installation when the first version identifier is set to NIL. 8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
receiving a customer request to modify a customer landscape that includes a plurality of computer systems, wherein the customer request describes a desired configuration for a software application to execute on a computer system of the customer landscape; retrieving information describing a current configuration of the software application or the computer system; determining a software logistics process according to the current configuration and the desired configuration, the software logistics process describing a process to implement the desired configuration of the software application; generating a landscape guide query according to the software logistics process, the customer request, and the information, the landscape guide query being configured to identify a plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides stored in a guides database, the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides providing instructions to implement the desired configuration of the software application; running the landscape guide query; and receiving the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides returned from the query. 9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising:
customizing a personalized landscape guide from the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides according to the information describing the current configuration of the software application. 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein customizing the personalized landscape guide comprises:
removing one or more instructions from the downloaded universal landscape guide that are irrelevant to the current configuration of the software application. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the information includes at least one of a source product version configured to identify the version of the software application that is installed on the computer system, an operating system identifier configured to identify the operating system executing on the computer system, and a database identifier configured to identify the database utilized by the computer system. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein retrieving information describing the configuration of the software application or the computer system comprises:
determining a system identifier for the computer system from the customer request; and retrieving the information from a customer profile database according to the system identifier. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein determining the software logistics process comprises:
comparing a first version identifier for the current configuration against a second version identifier for the desired configuration; and determining the software logistics process based on the comparison. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the software logistics process is determined to be an installation when the first version identifier is set to NIL. 15. A computer system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing a data storage configured to cause the processor to, receive a customer request to modify a customer landscape, the customer landscape including a plurality of computer systems and the customer request being configured to alter the configuration of software applications running on a computer system of the customer landscape; receive a customer request to modify a customer landscape that includes a plurality of computer systems, wherein the customer request describes a desired configuration for a software application to execute on a computer system of the customer landscape; retrieve information describing a current configuration of the software application or the computer system; determine a software logistics process according to the current configuration and the desired configuration, the software logistics process describing a process to implement the desired configuration of the software application; generate a landscape guide query according to the software logistics process, the customer request, and the information, the landscape guide query being configured to identify a plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides stored in a guides database, the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides providing instructions to implement the desired configuration of the software application; run the landscape guide query; and receive the plurality of landscape guides returned from the query. 16. The computer system of claim 15, further comprising:
customizing a personalized landscape guide from the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides according to the information describing the current configuration of the software application. 17. The computer system of claim 16, wherein customizing the landscape guide comprises:
removing one or more instructions from the downloaded universal landscape guide that are irrelevant to the current configuration of the software application. 18. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the information includes at least one of a source product version configured to identify the version of the software application that is installed on the computer system, an operating system identifier configured to identify the operating system executing on the computer system, and a database identifier configured to identify the database utilized by the computer system. 19. The computer system of claim 18, wherein determining the software logistics process comprises:
comparing a first version identifier for the current configuration against a second version identifier for the desired configuration; and determining the software logistics process based on the comparison. 20. The computer system of claim 19, wherein the software logistics process is determined to be an installation when the first version identifier is set to NIL. | Techniques are described for the automated selection and customization of landscape guides. Landscape guides provide instructions to a customer for making changes to customer landscapes. A customer landscape is an arrangement of servers or other computer systems. During the lifecycle of the customer landscape, the customer landscape may change due to software upgrades, software updates, or software installations. Based on a customer request for a customer landscape change, the techniques can automatically select landscape guides which are relevant to the landscape change and automatically customize the selected landscape guides such that the guides are tailored for the customer.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by a processor, a customer request to modify a customer landscape that includes a plurality of computer systems, wherein the customer request describes a desired configuration for a software application to execute on a computer system of the customer landscape; retrieving, by the processor, information describing a current configuration of the software application or the computer system; determining, by the processor, a software logistics process according to the current configuration and the desired configuration, the software logistics process describing a process to implement the desired configuration of the software application; generating, by the processor, a landscape guide query according to the software logistics process, the customer request, and the information, the landscape guide query being configured to identify a plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides stored in a guides database, the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides providing instructions to implement the desired configuration of the software application; running, by the processor, the landscape guide query; and receiving, by the processor, the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides returned from the query. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
customizing, by the processor, a personalized landscape guide from the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides according to the information describing the current configuration of the software application. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein customizing the personalized landscape guide comprises:
removing, by the processor, one or more instructions from the downloaded universal landscape guide that are irrelevant to the current configuration of the software application. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the information includes at least one of a source product version configured to identify the version of the software application that is installed on the computer system, an operating system identifier configured to identify the operating system executing on the computer system, and a database identifier configured to identify the database utilized by the computer system. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein retrieving information describing the current configuration of the software application or the computer system comprises:
determining, by the processor, a system identifier for the computer system from the customer request; and retrieving, by the processor, the information from a customer profile database according to the system identifier. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the software logistics process comprises:
comparing, by the processor, a first version identifier for the current configuration against a second version identifier for the desired configuration; and determining, by the processor, the software logistics process based on the comparison. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the software logistics process is determined to be an installation when the first version identifier is set to NIL. 8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions for:
receiving a customer request to modify a customer landscape that includes a plurality of computer systems, wherein the customer request describes a desired configuration for a software application to execute on a computer system of the customer landscape; retrieving information describing a current configuration of the software application or the computer system; determining a software logistics process according to the current configuration and the desired configuration, the software logistics process describing a process to implement the desired configuration of the software application; generating a landscape guide query according to the software logistics process, the customer request, and the information, the landscape guide query being configured to identify a plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides stored in a guides database, the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides providing instructions to implement the desired configuration of the software application; running the landscape guide query; and receiving the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides returned from the query. 9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising:
customizing a personalized landscape guide from the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides according to the information describing the current configuration of the software application. 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein customizing the personalized landscape guide comprises:
removing one or more instructions from the downloaded universal landscape guide that are irrelevant to the current configuration of the software application. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the information includes at least one of a source product version configured to identify the version of the software application that is installed on the computer system, an operating system identifier configured to identify the operating system executing on the computer system, and a database identifier configured to identify the database utilized by the computer system. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein retrieving information describing the configuration of the software application or the computer system comprises:
determining a system identifier for the computer system from the customer request; and retrieving the information from a customer profile database according to the system identifier. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein determining the software logistics process comprises:
comparing a first version identifier for the current configuration against a second version identifier for the desired configuration; and determining the software logistics process based on the comparison. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the software logistics process is determined to be an installation when the first version identifier is set to NIL. 15. A computer system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing a data storage configured to cause the processor to, receive a customer request to modify a customer landscape, the customer landscape including a plurality of computer systems and the customer request being configured to alter the configuration of software applications running on a computer system of the customer landscape; receive a customer request to modify a customer landscape that includes a plurality of computer systems, wherein the customer request describes a desired configuration for a software application to execute on a computer system of the customer landscape; retrieve information describing a current configuration of the software application or the computer system; determine a software logistics process according to the current configuration and the desired configuration, the software logistics process describing a process to implement the desired configuration of the software application; generate a landscape guide query according to the software logistics process, the customer request, and the information, the landscape guide query being configured to identify a plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides stored in a guides database, the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides providing instructions to implement the desired configuration of the software application; run the landscape guide query; and receive the plurality of landscape guides returned from the query. 16. The computer system of claim 15, further comprising:
customizing a personalized landscape guide from the plurality of downloaded universal landscape guides according to the information describing the current configuration of the software application. 17. The computer system of claim 16, wherein customizing the landscape guide comprises:
removing one or more instructions from the downloaded universal landscape guide that are irrelevant to the current configuration of the software application. 18. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the information includes at least one of a source product version configured to identify the version of the software application that is installed on the computer system, an operating system identifier configured to identify the operating system executing on the computer system, and a database identifier configured to identify the database utilized by the computer system. 19. The computer system of claim 18, wherein determining the software logistics process comprises:
comparing a first version identifier for the current configuration against a second version identifier for the desired configuration; and determining the software logistics process based on the comparison. 20. The computer system of claim 19, wherein the software logistics process is determined to be an installation when the first version identifier is set to NIL. | 2,100 |
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