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339,700 | 16,800,613 | 3,695 | The conductive composition of the present embodiment contains metal nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 30 nm to 600 nm, metal particles having an average particle diameter larger than that of the metal nanoparticles, a thermosetting resin having an oxirane ring in a molecule, a curing agent, and a cellulose resin. Then, the specific resistance of the conductor formed by applying and calcining the conductive composition on the substrate is preferably 5.0×10−6 Ω·cm or less, and the conductor does not peel from the substrate when a tape having an adhesive force of 3.9 N/10 mm to 39 N/10 mm is pressed against the conductor and peeled off. | 1. A conductive composition comprising:
metal nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 30 nm to 600 nm; metal particles having an average particle diameter larger than that of the metal nanoparticles; a thermosetting resin having an oxirane ring in a molecule; a curing agent; and a cellulose resin, wherein a specific resistance of a conductor formed by applying and calcining the conductive composition on a substrate is 5.0×10−6 Ω·cm or less, and the conductor does not peel from the substrate when a tape having an adhesive force of 3.9 N/10 mm to 39 N/10 mm is pressed against the conductor and peeled off. 2. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein the thermosetting resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of a bisphenol A type epoxy resin, a bisphenol F type epoxy resin, a novolac type epoxy resin, a glycidylamine type epoxy resin, and an aliphatic type epoxy resin. 3. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein the curing agent is a 5-membered heterocyclic aromatic compound containing nitrogen. 4. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein a content ratio of the thermosetting resin and the curing agent is 1:1 to 4:1 by mass ratio. 5. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein a content of the cellulose resin is 0.1% by mass to 4% by mass with respect to the entire conductive composition. 6. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein a total content of the thermosetting resin and the curing agent is 0.1% by mass to 6% by mass with respect to the entire conductive composition. 7. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein the total content of the thermosetting resin and the curing agent is 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass with respect to the entire conductive composition. 8. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein the total content of the thermosetting resin and the curing agent is 0.1% by mass to 2% by mass with respect to the entire conductive composition. 9. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein an average particle diameter of the metal particles is 1 μm to 5 μm. 10. A wiring board comprising:
a conductor obtained from the conductive composition according to claim 1. | The conductive composition of the present embodiment contains metal nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 30 nm to 600 nm, metal particles having an average particle diameter larger than that of the metal nanoparticles, a thermosetting resin having an oxirane ring in a molecule, a curing agent, and a cellulose resin. Then, the specific resistance of the conductor formed by applying and calcining the conductive composition on the substrate is preferably 5.0×10−6 Ω·cm or less, and the conductor does not peel from the substrate when a tape having an adhesive force of 3.9 N/10 mm to 39 N/10 mm is pressed against the conductor and peeled off.1. A conductive composition comprising:
metal nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 30 nm to 600 nm; metal particles having an average particle diameter larger than that of the metal nanoparticles; a thermosetting resin having an oxirane ring in a molecule; a curing agent; and a cellulose resin, wherein a specific resistance of a conductor formed by applying and calcining the conductive composition on a substrate is 5.0×10−6 Ω·cm or less, and the conductor does not peel from the substrate when a tape having an adhesive force of 3.9 N/10 mm to 39 N/10 mm is pressed against the conductor and peeled off. 2. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein the thermosetting resin is at least one selected from the group consisting of a bisphenol A type epoxy resin, a bisphenol F type epoxy resin, a novolac type epoxy resin, a glycidylamine type epoxy resin, and an aliphatic type epoxy resin. 3. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein the curing agent is a 5-membered heterocyclic aromatic compound containing nitrogen. 4. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein a content ratio of the thermosetting resin and the curing agent is 1:1 to 4:1 by mass ratio. 5. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein a content of the cellulose resin is 0.1% by mass to 4% by mass with respect to the entire conductive composition. 6. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein a total content of the thermosetting resin and the curing agent is 0.1% by mass to 6% by mass with respect to the entire conductive composition. 7. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein the total content of the thermosetting resin and the curing agent is 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass with respect to the entire conductive composition. 8. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein the total content of the thermosetting resin and the curing agent is 0.1% by mass to 2% by mass with respect to the entire conductive composition. 9. The conductive composition according to claim 1,
wherein an average particle diameter of the metal particles is 1 μm to 5 μm. 10. A wiring board comprising:
a conductor obtained from the conductive composition according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
339,701 | 16,800,673 | 2,115 | An operation control method executed by a computer, the operation control method includes extracting, based on statistical information that is associated with a heat storage factor of a target space and is generated from an operation result of a first air conditioner, information related to plurality of other air conditioners similar to the first air conditioner; and executing an operation of the first air conditioner based on the extracted information. | 1. An operation control method executed by a computer, the operation control method comprising:
extracting, based on statistical information that is associated with a heat storage factor of a target space and is generated from an operation result of a first air conditioner, information related to a plurality of other air conditioners similar to the first air conditioner; and executing an operation of the first air conditioner based on the extracted information. 2. The operation control method according to claim 1, the operation control method further comprising:
collecting the statistical information including pieces of history information of respective spaces including the target space, each of the history information including a room temperature and an outside temperature of a corresponding one of the spaces, the room temperature and the outside temperature being associated with each other; calculating a similarity between the history information of the target space and the history information of each of other spaces; and calculating the control parameter using the history information of the target space and the history information of each space having the similarity that is equal to or greater than a given value. 3. The operation control method according to claim 2, the operation control method further comprising:
calculating a cosine similarity between the outside temperature included in the history information of the target space and the outside temperature included in the history information of each of the other spaces or a cosine similarity between the room temperature included in the history information of the target space and the room temperature included in the history information of each of the other spaces. 4. The operation control method according to claim 3, the operation control method further comprising:
generating a physical model that predicts a temperature change in the target space based on the control parameter, wherein the executing process includes planning the operation of the first air conditioner according to an output result obtained by inputting a current room temperature and a target temperature of the target space into the physical model. 5. The operation control method according to claim 2, the operation control method further comprising:
receive a machine learning model that predicts a temperature in the target space, the machine learning model generated by learning the history information of each space having the similarity that being equal to or greater than a given value, wherein the executing process includes planning the operation of the first air conditioner based on an output result outputted by the machine learning model when a current room temperature of the target space and a current outside temperature of the target space are inputted to the machine learning model. 6. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program that causes a computer to execute a process, the process comprising:
extracting, based on statistical information that is associated with a heat storage factor of a target space and is generated from an operation result of a first air conditioner, information related to a plurality of other air conditioners similar to the first air conditioner; and executing an operation of the first air conditioner based on the extracted information. 7. An operation control device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to:
extract, based on statistical information that is associated with a heat storage factor of a target space and is generated from an operation result of a first air conditioner, information related to a plurality of other air conditioners similar to the first air conditioner, and
execute an operation of the first air conditioner based on the extracted information. 8. The operation control device according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
collect the statistical information including pieces of history information of respective spaces including the target space, each of the history information including a room temperature and an outside temperature of a corresponding one of the spaces, the room temperature and the outside temperature being associated with each other, calculate a similarity between the history information of the target space and the history information of each of other spaces, and calculate the control parameter using the history information of the target space and the history information of each space having the similarity that is equal to or greater than a given value. 9. The operation control device according to claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to:
calculate a cosine similarity between the outside temperature included in the history information of the target space and the outside temperature included in the history information of each of the other spaces or a cosine similarity between the room temperature included in the history information of the target space and the room temperature included in the history information of each of the other spaces. 10. The operation control device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to:
generate a physical model that predicts a temperature change in the target space based on the control parameter, and plan the operation of the first air conditioner according to an output result obtained by inputting a current room temperature and a target temperature of the target space into the physical model. 11. The operation control device according to claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive a machine learning model that predicts a temperature in the target space, the machine learning generated by learning the history information of each space having the similarity that being equal to or greater than a given value, plan the operation of the first air conditioner based on an output result outputted by the machine learning model when a current room temperature of the target space and a current outside temperature of the target space are inputted to the machine learning model. | An operation control method executed by a computer, the operation control method includes extracting, based on statistical information that is associated with a heat storage factor of a target space and is generated from an operation result of a first air conditioner, information related to plurality of other air conditioners similar to the first air conditioner; and executing an operation of the first air conditioner based on the extracted information.1. An operation control method executed by a computer, the operation control method comprising:
extracting, based on statistical information that is associated with a heat storage factor of a target space and is generated from an operation result of a first air conditioner, information related to a plurality of other air conditioners similar to the first air conditioner; and executing an operation of the first air conditioner based on the extracted information. 2. The operation control method according to claim 1, the operation control method further comprising:
collecting the statistical information including pieces of history information of respective spaces including the target space, each of the history information including a room temperature and an outside temperature of a corresponding one of the spaces, the room temperature and the outside temperature being associated with each other; calculating a similarity between the history information of the target space and the history information of each of other spaces; and calculating the control parameter using the history information of the target space and the history information of each space having the similarity that is equal to or greater than a given value. 3. The operation control method according to claim 2, the operation control method further comprising:
calculating a cosine similarity between the outside temperature included in the history information of the target space and the outside temperature included in the history information of each of the other spaces or a cosine similarity between the room temperature included in the history information of the target space and the room temperature included in the history information of each of the other spaces. 4. The operation control method according to claim 3, the operation control method further comprising:
generating a physical model that predicts a temperature change in the target space based on the control parameter, wherein the executing process includes planning the operation of the first air conditioner according to an output result obtained by inputting a current room temperature and a target temperature of the target space into the physical model. 5. The operation control method according to claim 2, the operation control method further comprising:
receive a machine learning model that predicts a temperature in the target space, the machine learning model generated by learning the history information of each space having the similarity that being equal to or greater than a given value, wherein the executing process includes planning the operation of the first air conditioner based on an output result outputted by the machine learning model when a current room temperature of the target space and a current outside temperature of the target space are inputted to the machine learning model. 6. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program that causes a computer to execute a process, the process comprising:
extracting, based on statistical information that is associated with a heat storage factor of a target space and is generated from an operation result of a first air conditioner, information related to a plurality of other air conditioners similar to the first air conditioner; and executing an operation of the first air conditioner based on the extracted information. 7. An operation control device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to:
extract, based on statistical information that is associated with a heat storage factor of a target space and is generated from an operation result of a first air conditioner, information related to a plurality of other air conditioners similar to the first air conditioner, and
execute an operation of the first air conditioner based on the extracted information. 8. The operation control device according to claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to:
collect the statistical information including pieces of history information of respective spaces including the target space, each of the history information including a room temperature and an outside temperature of a corresponding one of the spaces, the room temperature and the outside temperature being associated with each other, calculate a similarity between the history information of the target space and the history information of each of other spaces, and calculate the control parameter using the history information of the target space and the history information of each space having the similarity that is equal to or greater than a given value. 9. The operation control device according to claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to:
calculate a cosine similarity between the outside temperature included in the history information of the target space and the outside temperature included in the history information of each of the other spaces or a cosine similarity between the room temperature included in the history information of the target space and the room temperature included in the history information of each of the other spaces. 10. The operation control device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to:
generate a physical model that predicts a temperature change in the target space based on the control parameter, and plan the operation of the first air conditioner according to an output result obtained by inputting a current room temperature and a target temperature of the target space into the physical model. 11. The operation control device according to claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive a machine learning model that predicts a temperature in the target space, the machine learning generated by learning the history information of each space having the similarity that being equal to or greater than a given value, plan the operation of the first air conditioner based on an output result outputted by the machine learning model when a current room temperature of the target space and a current outside temperature of the target space are inputted to the machine learning model. | 2,100 |
339,702 | 16,800,657 | 2,115 | A bathroom module includes a shower area that includes a shower head, a control valve assembly, and a drain. The module also includes a toilet area including a toilet assembly and a transition area disposed between the shower area and the toilet area. The module also includes a shower area front wall and a shower area side wall, the shower area disposed along a first side of the shower area front wall and a first side of the shower area side wall. The module also includes a toilet area front wall and a toilet area side wall, the toilet area disposed along a first side of the toilet area front wall and a first side of the toilet area side wall. A grooming area includes a sink assembly that comprises a faucet, and the grooming area is disposed along a second side of at least one of the shower area front wall, the shower area side wall, the toilet area front wall, and the toilet area side wall. | 1. A bathroom module, comprising:
a shower area comprising a shower head, a control valve assembly, and a drain; a toilet area comprising a toilet assembly; a transition area disposed between the shower area and the toilet area; a shower area front wall; a shower area side wall, the shower area disposed along a first side of the shower area front wall and a first side of the shower area side wall; a toilet area front wall; a toilet area side wall, the toilet area disposed along a first side of the toilet area front wall and a first side of the toilet area side wall; and a grooming area comprising a sink assembly that comprises a faucet, wherein the grooming area is disposed along a second side of at least one of the shower area front wall, the shower area side wall, the toilet area front wall, and the toilet area side wall. 2. The bathroom module of claim 1, wherein the grooming area is positioned along both the second side of the shower area front wall and the second side of the shower area side wall or along both the second side of the toilet area front wall and the second side of the toilet area side wall. 3. The bathroom module of claim 1, further comprising a door hingably attached to the shower area front wall. 4. The bathroom module of claim 3, wherein:
the door is movable between a first position and a second position; in the first position, the door separates the shower area, the transition area, and the toilet area from the grooming area; and in the second position, the door separates the shower area from the transition area, the toilet area, and the grooming area. 5. The bathroom module of claim 4, wherein, in the first position, the door is substantially parallel to and aligned with the shower area front wall and the toilet area front wall. 6. The bathroom module of claim 4, wherein, in the second position, the door is substantially perpendicular to the shower area front wall and the toilet area front wall. 7. The bathroom module of claim 4, wherein the shower area front wall and the toilet area front wall are aligned with each other along their lengths such that the door creates a continuous wall with the shower area front wall and the toilet area front wall in the first position. 8. The bathroom module of claim 4, wherein, in the first position, there are no doors separating the shower area, the transition area, and the toilet area. 9. The bathroom module of claim 4, wherein, in the second position, the door only encloses the shower area and separates the shower area from the rest of the bathroom module. 10. The bathroom module of claim 4, wherein the transition area comprises a transition area floor and the shower area comprises a shower area floor, wherein the transition area floor and the shower area floor are at two different vertical levels. 11. The bathroom module of claim 10, wherein the door moves vertically as the door moves between the first position and the second position to change between the two different vertical levels of the transition area floor and the shower area floor. 12. The bathroom module of claim 3, wherein the door is movable through a portion of the transition area. 13. The bathroom module of claim 3, further comprising a shower area partial wall and a toilet area partial wall, wherein the shower area partial wall partially separates the shower area from the transition area and the toilet area partial wall partially separates the toilet area from the transition area. 14. The bathroom module of claim 13, wherein the door is aligned with the shower area partial wall in the second position. 15. The bathroom module of claim 1, wherein the bathroom module is a prefabricated as a transportable module. 16. The bathroom module of claim 1, wherein the bathroom module is configured to connect to a room, wherein there are no walls between the grooming area and the room such that the grooming area is open to and at least partially shares a space with the room. 17. A bathroom module, comprising:
a shower area; a toilet area; a transition area disposed between the shower area and the toilet area; a shower area front wall; a shower area side wall, the shower area disposed along a first side of the shower area front wall and a first side of the shower area side wall; a toilet area front wall; a toilet area side wall, the toilet area disposed along a first side of the toilet area front wall and a first side of the toilet area side wall; and a grooming area disposed along a second side of at least one of the shower area front wall, the shower area side wall, the toilet area front wall, and the toilet area side wall. 18. The bathroom module of claim 17, further comprising a door hingably attached to the shower area front wall. 19. The bathroom module of claim 18, wherein:
the door is movable between a first position and a second position; in the first position, the door separates the shower area, the transition area, and the toilet area from the grooming area; and in the second position, the door separates the shower area from the transition area, the toilet area, and the grooming area. 20. The bathroom module of claim 17, wherein the bathroom module is configured to connect to a room, wherein there are no walls between the grooming area and the room such that the grooming area is open to and at least partially shares a space with the room. | A bathroom module includes a shower area that includes a shower head, a control valve assembly, and a drain. The module also includes a toilet area including a toilet assembly and a transition area disposed between the shower area and the toilet area. The module also includes a shower area front wall and a shower area side wall, the shower area disposed along a first side of the shower area front wall and a first side of the shower area side wall. The module also includes a toilet area front wall and a toilet area side wall, the toilet area disposed along a first side of the toilet area front wall and a first side of the toilet area side wall. A grooming area includes a sink assembly that comprises a faucet, and the grooming area is disposed along a second side of at least one of the shower area front wall, the shower area side wall, the toilet area front wall, and the toilet area side wall.1. A bathroom module, comprising:
a shower area comprising a shower head, a control valve assembly, and a drain; a toilet area comprising a toilet assembly; a transition area disposed between the shower area and the toilet area; a shower area front wall; a shower area side wall, the shower area disposed along a first side of the shower area front wall and a first side of the shower area side wall; a toilet area front wall; a toilet area side wall, the toilet area disposed along a first side of the toilet area front wall and a first side of the toilet area side wall; and a grooming area comprising a sink assembly that comprises a faucet, wherein the grooming area is disposed along a second side of at least one of the shower area front wall, the shower area side wall, the toilet area front wall, and the toilet area side wall. 2. The bathroom module of claim 1, wherein the grooming area is positioned along both the second side of the shower area front wall and the second side of the shower area side wall or along both the second side of the toilet area front wall and the second side of the toilet area side wall. 3. The bathroom module of claim 1, further comprising a door hingably attached to the shower area front wall. 4. The bathroom module of claim 3, wherein:
the door is movable between a first position and a second position; in the first position, the door separates the shower area, the transition area, and the toilet area from the grooming area; and in the second position, the door separates the shower area from the transition area, the toilet area, and the grooming area. 5. The bathroom module of claim 4, wherein, in the first position, the door is substantially parallel to and aligned with the shower area front wall and the toilet area front wall. 6. The bathroom module of claim 4, wherein, in the second position, the door is substantially perpendicular to the shower area front wall and the toilet area front wall. 7. The bathroom module of claim 4, wherein the shower area front wall and the toilet area front wall are aligned with each other along their lengths such that the door creates a continuous wall with the shower area front wall and the toilet area front wall in the first position. 8. The bathroom module of claim 4, wherein, in the first position, there are no doors separating the shower area, the transition area, and the toilet area. 9. The bathroom module of claim 4, wherein, in the second position, the door only encloses the shower area and separates the shower area from the rest of the bathroom module. 10. The bathroom module of claim 4, wherein the transition area comprises a transition area floor and the shower area comprises a shower area floor, wherein the transition area floor and the shower area floor are at two different vertical levels. 11. The bathroom module of claim 10, wherein the door moves vertically as the door moves between the first position and the second position to change between the two different vertical levels of the transition area floor and the shower area floor. 12. The bathroom module of claim 3, wherein the door is movable through a portion of the transition area. 13. The bathroom module of claim 3, further comprising a shower area partial wall and a toilet area partial wall, wherein the shower area partial wall partially separates the shower area from the transition area and the toilet area partial wall partially separates the toilet area from the transition area. 14. The bathroom module of claim 13, wherein the door is aligned with the shower area partial wall in the second position. 15. The bathroom module of claim 1, wherein the bathroom module is a prefabricated as a transportable module. 16. The bathroom module of claim 1, wherein the bathroom module is configured to connect to a room, wherein there are no walls between the grooming area and the room such that the grooming area is open to and at least partially shares a space with the room. 17. A bathroom module, comprising:
a shower area; a toilet area; a transition area disposed between the shower area and the toilet area; a shower area front wall; a shower area side wall, the shower area disposed along a first side of the shower area front wall and a first side of the shower area side wall; a toilet area front wall; a toilet area side wall, the toilet area disposed along a first side of the toilet area front wall and a first side of the toilet area side wall; and a grooming area disposed along a second side of at least one of the shower area front wall, the shower area side wall, the toilet area front wall, and the toilet area side wall. 18. The bathroom module of claim 17, further comprising a door hingably attached to the shower area front wall. 19. The bathroom module of claim 18, wherein:
the door is movable between a first position and a second position; in the first position, the door separates the shower area, the transition area, and the toilet area from the grooming area; and in the second position, the door separates the shower area from the transition area, the toilet area, and the grooming area. 20. The bathroom module of claim 17, wherein the bathroom module is configured to connect to a room, wherein there are no walls between the grooming area and the room such that the grooming area is open to and at least partially shares a space with the room. | 2,100 |
339,703 | 16,800,658 | 2,115 | A composition in the form of an injectable aqueous solution, with pH from 3.5 to 4.4, including at least human insulin A21G and at least one glucagon suppressor with prandial action. In an embodiment, the glucagon suppressor with prandial action is selected from an amylin analog or an amylin receptor agonist or a GLP-1 analog or a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). In an embodiment, the glucagon suppressor with prandial action is an amylin analog or an amylin receptor agonist. In an embodiment, the glucagon suppressor peptide with prandial action is pramlintide. Also, a method for obtaining human insulin A21G, includes at least one step of reacting human insulin A21G, B31R, B32R (insulin glargine) with rat carboxypeptidase B at an insulin/carboxypeptidase ratio from 500 to 2000, at a pH from 7.5 to 8.5 and a temperature from 20 to 30° C. for 10 to 20 hours. | 1. A method for obtaining human insulin A21G, including at least one step consisting in reacting human insulin A21G, B31R, B32R (insulin glargine) with rat carboxypeptidase B at an insulin/carboxypeptidase ratio from 500 to 2000, at a pH from 7.5 to 8.5 and at a temperature from 20 to 30° C. for 10 to 20 hours. | A composition in the form of an injectable aqueous solution, with pH from 3.5 to 4.4, including at least human insulin A21G and at least one glucagon suppressor with prandial action. In an embodiment, the glucagon suppressor with prandial action is selected from an amylin analog or an amylin receptor agonist or a GLP-1 analog or a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). In an embodiment, the glucagon suppressor with prandial action is an amylin analog or an amylin receptor agonist. In an embodiment, the glucagon suppressor peptide with prandial action is pramlintide. Also, a method for obtaining human insulin A21G, includes at least one step of reacting human insulin A21G, B31R, B32R (insulin glargine) with rat carboxypeptidase B at an insulin/carboxypeptidase ratio from 500 to 2000, at a pH from 7.5 to 8.5 and a temperature from 20 to 30° C. for 10 to 20 hours.1. A method for obtaining human insulin A21G, including at least one step consisting in reacting human insulin A21G, B31R, B32R (insulin glargine) with rat carboxypeptidase B at an insulin/carboxypeptidase ratio from 500 to 2000, at a pH from 7.5 to 8.5 and at a temperature from 20 to 30° C. for 10 to 20 hours. | 2,100 |
339,704 | 16,800,665 | 2,115 | Dynamic content tags are generated as content is received by a dynamic content tagging system. A natural language processor (NLP) tokenizes the content and extracts contextual N-grams based on local or global context for the tokens in each document in the content. The contextual N-grams are used as input to a generative model that computes a weighted vector of likelihood values that each contextual N-gram corresponds to one of a set of unlabeled topics. A tag is generated for each unlabeled topic comprising the contextual N-gram having a highest likelihood to correspond to that unlabeled topic. Topic-based deep learning models having tag predictions below a threshold confidence level are retrained using the generated tags, and the retrained topic-based deep learning models dynamically tag the content. | 1. A method comprising:
preprocessing content to generate a plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein a contextual N-gram is a group of consecutive tokens in the content aggregated together based, at least in part, on proximity of word embeddings for words in the contextual N-gram; inputting the plurality of contextual N-grams into a generative statistical model to generate a weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein each weighted vector comprises likelihood values for m topics; selecting as tags for the content those of the plurality of contextual N-grams with greatest of the likelihood values for the m topics; and supplementing a set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein supplementing the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags comprises retraining at least a first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising determining whether confidence of predicted tags output for the content by the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models fails a confidence threshold, wherein retraining at least the first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags is based on a determination that the predicted tags of at least the first topic-based deep learning model fails the confidence threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein supplementing the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags comprises communicating to a recommender system the tags, content, and predicted tags from the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the generative statistical model is a latent Dirichlet allocation model. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein inputting the plurality of contextual N-grams into the generative statistical model to generate the weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams comprises training the generative statistical model to learn a joint probability distribution of the plurality of contextual N-grams against the m topics. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein preprocessing the content to generate the plurality of contextual N-grams comprises:
removing stop words to generate tokens for the content; for each document in the content, identifying groups of consecutive tokens in the content having sufficiently close word embeddings; and aggregating tokens in each group of consecutive tokens in the content into contextual N-grams. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising training, at least partly, the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by a computing device to perform operations comprising:
inputting contextual N-grams for content into one or more topic-based deep learning models; based, at least in part, on one or more confidence values for outputs of the one or more topic-based deep learning models being below a threshold confidence value,
training a generative statistical model to generate a plurality of content tags from the contextual N-grams; and
aggregating the plurality of content tags into training data for the one or more topic-based deep learning models to generate updated training data; and
retraining the one or more topic-based deep learning models with the updated training data. 10. The machine-readable media of claim 9, further comprising instructions executable by the computing device to generate contextual N-grams for the content, where the contextual N-grams are generated based, at least in part, on proximity of word embeddings for words in the content. 11. The machine-readable media of claim 9, further comprising instructions executable by the computing device to input the contextual N-grams into one or more retrained topic-based deep learning models to generate a plurality of updated content tags for the content. 12. The machine-readable media of claim 11, further comprising instructions executable by the computing device to communicate the plurality of updated content tags and the content to a recommender system. 13. The machine-readable media of claim 9, wherein the generative statistical model is a latent Dirichlet allocation model. 14. The machine-readable media of claim 9, wherein the instructions executable by the computing device to train the generative statistical model to generate a plurality of content tags from the contextual N-grams comprise instructions to learn a joint probability distribution of the contextual N-grams against m topics for the content. 15. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to,
preprocess content to generate a plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein a contextual N-gram is a group of consecutive tokens in the content aggregated together based, at least in part, on proximity of word embeddings for words in the contextual N-gram;
input the plurality of contextual N-grams into a generative statistical model to generate a weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein each weighted vector comprises likelihood values for m topics;
select as tags for the content those of the plurality of contextual N-grams with greatest of the likelihood values for the m topics; and
supplement a set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to supplement the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models comprise instructions to retrain at least a first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine whether confidence of predicted tags output for the content by the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models fails a confidence threshold, wherein retraining at least the first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags is based on a determination that the predicted tags of at least the first topic-based deep learning model fails the confidence threshold. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to supplement the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags comprise instructions to communicate to a recommender system the tags, content, and predicted tags from the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the generative statistical model is a latent Dirichlet allocation model. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to input the plurality of contextual N-grams into the generative statistical model to generate the weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams comprise instructions to train the generative statistical model to learn a joint probability distribution of the plurality of contextual N-grams against the m topics. | Dynamic content tags are generated as content is received by a dynamic content tagging system. A natural language processor (NLP) tokenizes the content and extracts contextual N-grams based on local or global context for the tokens in each document in the content. The contextual N-grams are used as input to a generative model that computes a weighted vector of likelihood values that each contextual N-gram corresponds to one of a set of unlabeled topics. A tag is generated for each unlabeled topic comprising the contextual N-gram having a highest likelihood to correspond to that unlabeled topic. Topic-based deep learning models having tag predictions below a threshold confidence level are retrained using the generated tags, and the retrained topic-based deep learning models dynamically tag the content.1. A method comprising:
preprocessing content to generate a plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein a contextual N-gram is a group of consecutive tokens in the content aggregated together based, at least in part, on proximity of word embeddings for words in the contextual N-gram; inputting the plurality of contextual N-grams into a generative statistical model to generate a weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein each weighted vector comprises likelihood values for m topics; selecting as tags for the content those of the plurality of contextual N-grams with greatest of the likelihood values for the m topics; and supplementing a set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein supplementing the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags comprises retraining at least a first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising determining whether confidence of predicted tags output for the content by the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models fails a confidence threshold, wherein retraining at least the first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags is based on a determination that the predicted tags of at least the first topic-based deep learning model fails the confidence threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein supplementing the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags comprises communicating to a recommender system the tags, content, and predicted tags from the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the generative statistical model is a latent Dirichlet allocation model. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein inputting the plurality of contextual N-grams into the generative statistical model to generate the weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams comprises training the generative statistical model to learn a joint probability distribution of the plurality of contextual N-grams against the m topics. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein preprocessing the content to generate the plurality of contextual N-grams comprises:
removing stop words to generate tokens for the content; for each document in the content, identifying groups of consecutive tokens in the content having sufficiently close word embeddings; and aggregating tokens in each group of consecutive tokens in the content into contextual N-grams. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising training, at least partly, the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by a computing device to perform operations comprising:
inputting contextual N-grams for content into one or more topic-based deep learning models; based, at least in part, on one or more confidence values for outputs of the one or more topic-based deep learning models being below a threshold confidence value,
training a generative statistical model to generate a plurality of content tags from the contextual N-grams; and
aggregating the plurality of content tags into training data for the one or more topic-based deep learning models to generate updated training data; and
retraining the one or more topic-based deep learning models with the updated training data. 10. The machine-readable media of claim 9, further comprising instructions executable by the computing device to generate contextual N-grams for the content, where the contextual N-grams are generated based, at least in part, on proximity of word embeddings for words in the content. 11. The machine-readable media of claim 9, further comprising instructions executable by the computing device to input the contextual N-grams into one or more retrained topic-based deep learning models to generate a plurality of updated content tags for the content. 12. The machine-readable media of claim 11, further comprising instructions executable by the computing device to communicate the plurality of updated content tags and the content to a recommender system. 13. The machine-readable media of claim 9, wherein the generative statistical model is a latent Dirichlet allocation model. 14. The machine-readable media of claim 9, wherein the instructions executable by the computing device to train the generative statistical model to generate a plurality of content tags from the contextual N-grams comprise instructions to learn a joint probability distribution of the contextual N-grams against m topics for the content. 15. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to,
preprocess content to generate a plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein a contextual N-gram is a group of consecutive tokens in the content aggregated together based, at least in part, on proximity of word embeddings for words in the contextual N-gram;
input the plurality of contextual N-grams into a generative statistical model to generate a weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein each weighted vector comprises likelihood values for m topics;
select as tags for the content those of the plurality of contextual N-grams with greatest of the likelihood values for the m topics; and
supplement a set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to supplement the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models comprise instructions to retrain at least a first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine whether confidence of predicted tags output for the content by the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models fails a confidence threshold, wherein retraining at least the first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags is based on a determination that the predicted tags of at least the first topic-based deep learning model fails the confidence threshold. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to supplement the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags comprise instructions to communicate to a recommender system the tags, content, and predicted tags from the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the generative statistical model is a latent Dirichlet allocation model. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to input the plurality of contextual N-grams into the generative statistical model to generate the weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams comprise instructions to train the generative statistical model to learn a joint probability distribution of the plurality of contextual N-grams against the m topics. | 2,100 |
339,705 | 16,800,654 | 2,115 | Dynamic content tags are generated as content is received by a dynamic content tagging system. A natural language processor (NLP) tokenizes the content and extracts contextual N-grams based on local or global context for the tokens in each document in the content. The contextual N-grams are used as input to a generative model that computes a weighted vector of likelihood values that each contextual N-gram corresponds to one of a set of unlabeled topics. A tag is generated for each unlabeled topic comprising the contextual N-gram having a highest likelihood to correspond to that unlabeled topic. Topic-based deep learning models having tag predictions below a threshold confidence level are retrained using the generated tags, and the retrained topic-based deep learning models dynamically tag the content. | 1. A method comprising:
preprocessing content to generate a plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein a contextual N-gram is a group of consecutive tokens in the content aggregated together based, at least in part, on proximity of word embeddings for words in the contextual N-gram; inputting the plurality of contextual N-grams into a generative statistical model to generate a weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein each weighted vector comprises likelihood values for m topics; selecting as tags for the content those of the plurality of contextual N-grams with greatest of the likelihood values for the m topics; and supplementing a set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein supplementing the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags comprises retraining at least a first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising determining whether confidence of predicted tags output for the content by the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models fails a confidence threshold, wherein retraining at least the first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags is based on a determination that the predicted tags of at least the first topic-based deep learning model fails the confidence threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein supplementing the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags comprises communicating to a recommender system the tags, content, and predicted tags from the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the generative statistical model is a latent Dirichlet allocation model. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein inputting the plurality of contextual N-grams into the generative statistical model to generate the weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams comprises training the generative statistical model to learn a joint probability distribution of the plurality of contextual N-grams against the m topics. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein preprocessing the content to generate the plurality of contextual N-grams comprises:
removing stop words to generate tokens for the content; for each document in the content, identifying groups of consecutive tokens in the content having sufficiently close word embeddings; and aggregating tokens in each group of consecutive tokens in the content into contextual N-grams. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising training, at least partly, the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by a computing device to perform operations comprising:
inputting contextual N-grams for content into one or more topic-based deep learning models; based, at least in part, on one or more confidence values for outputs of the one or more topic-based deep learning models being below a threshold confidence value,
training a generative statistical model to generate a plurality of content tags from the contextual N-grams; and
aggregating the plurality of content tags into training data for the one or more topic-based deep learning models to generate updated training data; and
retraining the one or more topic-based deep learning models with the updated training data. 10. The machine-readable media of claim 9, further comprising instructions executable by the computing device to generate contextual N-grams for the content, where the contextual N-grams are generated based, at least in part, on proximity of word embeddings for words in the content. 11. The machine-readable media of claim 9, further comprising instructions executable by the computing device to input the contextual N-grams into one or more retrained topic-based deep learning models to generate a plurality of updated content tags for the content. 12. The machine-readable media of claim 11, further comprising instructions executable by the computing device to communicate the plurality of updated content tags and the content to a recommender system. 13. The machine-readable media of claim 9, wherein the generative statistical model is a latent Dirichlet allocation model. 14. The machine-readable media of claim 9, wherein the instructions executable by the computing device to train the generative statistical model to generate a plurality of content tags from the contextual N-grams comprise instructions to learn a joint probability distribution of the contextual N-grams against m topics for the content. 15. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to,
preprocess content to generate a plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein a contextual N-gram is a group of consecutive tokens in the content aggregated together based, at least in part, on proximity of word embeddings for words in the contextual N-gram;
input the plurality of contextual N-grams into a generative statistical model to generate a weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein each weighted vector comprises likelihood values for m topics;
select as tags for the content those of the plurality of contextual N-grams with greatest of the likelihood values for the m topics; and
supplement a set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to supplement the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models comprise instructions to retrain at least a first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine whether confidence of predicted tags output for the content by the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models fails a confidence threshold, wherein retraining at least the first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags is based on a determination that the predicted tags of at least the first topic-based deep learning model fails the confidence threshold. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to supplement the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags comprise instructions to communicate to a recommender system the tags, content, and predicted tags from the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the generative statistical model is a latent Dirichlet allocation model. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to input the plurality of contextual N-grams into the generative statistical model to generate the weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams comprise instructions to train the generative statistical model to learn a joint probability distribution of the plurality of contextual N-grams against the m topics. | Dynamic content tags are generated as content is received by a dynamic content tagging system. A natural language processor (NLP) tokenizes the content and extracts contextual N-grams based on local or global context for the tokens in each document in the content. The contextual N-grams are used as input to a generative model that computes a weighted vector of likelihood values that each contextual N-gram corresponds to one of a set of unlabeled topics. A tag is generated for each unlabeled topic comprising the contextual N-gram having a highest likelihood to correspond to that unlabeled topic. Topic-based deep learning models having tag predictions below a threshold confidence level are retrained using the generated tags, and the retrained topic-based deep learning models dynamically tag the content.1. A method comprising:
preprocessing content to generate a plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein a contextual N-gram is a group of consecutive tokens in the content aggregated together based, at least in part, on proximity of word embeddings for words in the contextual N-gram; inputting the plurality of contextual N-grams into a generative statistical model to generate a weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein each weighted vector comprises likelihood values for m topics; selecting as tags for the content those of the plurality of contextual N-grams with greatest of the likelihood values for the m topics; and supplementing a set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein supplementing the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags comprises retraining at least a first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags. 3. The method of claim 2 further comprising determining whether confidence of predicted tags output for the content by the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models fails a confidence threshold, wherein retraining at least the first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags is based on a determination that the predicted tags of at least the first topic-based deep learning model fails the confidence threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein supplementing the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags comprises communicating to a recommender system the tags, content, and predicted tags from the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the generative statistical model is a latent Dirichlet allocation model. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein inputting the plurality of contextual N-grams into the generative statistical model to generate the weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams comprises training the generative statistical model to learn a joint probability distribution of the plurality of contextual N-grams against the m topics. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein preprocessing the content to generate the plurality of contextual N-grams comprises:
removing stop words to generate tokens for the content; for each document in the content, identifying groups of consecutive tokens in the content having sufficiently close word embeddings; and aggregating tokens in each group of consecutive tokens in the content into contextual N-grams. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising training, at least partly, the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by a computing device to perform operations comprising:
inputting contextual N-grams for content into one or more topic-based deep learning models; based, at least in part, on one or more confidence values for outputs of the one or more topic-based deep learning models being below a threshold confidence value,
training a generative statistical model to generate a plurality of content tags from the contextual N-grams; and
aggregating the plurality of content tags into training data for the one or more topic-based deep learning models to generate updated training data; and
retraining the one or more topic-based deep learning models with the updated training data. 10. The machine-readable media of claim 9, further comprising instructions executable by the computing device to generate contextual N-grams for the content, where the contextual N-grams are generated based, at least in part, on proximity of word embeddings for words in the content. 11. The machine-readable media of claim 9, further comprising instructions executable by the computing device to input the contextual N-grams into one or more retrained topic-based deep learning models to generate a plurality of updated content tags for the content. 12. The machine-readable media of claim 11, further comprising instructions executable by the computing device to communicate the plurality of updated content tags and the content to a recommender system. 13. The machine-readable media of claim 9, wherein the generative statistical model is a latent Dirichlet allocation model. 14. The machine-readable media of claim 9, wherein the instructions executable by the computing device to train the generative statistical model to generate a plurality of content tags from the contextual N-grams comprise instructions to learn a joint probability distribution of the contextual N-grams against m topics for the content. 15. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to,
preprocess content to generate a plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein a contextual N-gram is a group of consecutive tokens in the content aggregated together based, at least in part, on proximity of word embeddings for words in the contextual N-gram;
input the plurality of contextual N-grams into a generative statistical model to generate a weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams, wherein each weighted vector comprises likelihood values for m topics;
select as tags for the content those of the plurality of contextual N-grams with greatest of the likelihood values for the m topics; and
supplement a set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to supplement the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models comprise instructions to retrain at least a first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine whether confidence of predicted tags output for the content by the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models fails a confidence threshold, wherein retraining at least the first of the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the content and the tags is based on a determination that the predicted tags of at least the first topic-based deep learning model fails the confidence threshold. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to supplement the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models with the tags comprise instructions to communicate to a recommender system the tags, content, and predicted tags from the set of one or more topic-based deep learning models. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the generative statistical model is a latent Dirichlet allocation model. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to input the plurality of contextual N-grams into the generative statistical model to generate the weighted vector for each of the plurality of contextual N-grams comprise instructions to train the generative statistical model to learn a joint probability distribution of the plurality of contextual N-grams against the m topics. | 2,100 |
339,706 | 16,800,614 | 2,115 | Embodiments described herein relate to an LDO circuit device and overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit. An overcurrent protection circuit is added to an LDO circuit to process an output current signal of the LDO circuit. When the output current signal of the LDO circuit increases, a voltage of a gate drive signal of a power switch in the LDO circuit is increased through adjustment performed by the overcurrent protection circuit, thereby declining the current capability of the power switch in the LDO circuit and restricting an output current thereof from continuing to increase. After feedback regulation, the output current of the LDO finally reaches to a stable value. | 1. An LDO circuit device, comprising:
an LDO circuit comprising a first P-type power switch PM1, wherein a source terminal S of the first P-type power switch PM1 is connected to a direct current voltage source VDD, a drain terminal D of the first P-type power switch PM1 is connected to one end of a series structure formed by a first resistor R1 and a first resistor R2, the other end of the series structure formed by the first resistor R1 and the first resistor R2 is grounded, a common node P of the first resistor R1 and the first resistor R2 is connected to a first input end of a first error amplifier to input a feedback voltage signal VFB to the first input end of the first error amplifier, a second input end of the first error amplifier receives a reference voltage VREF, and an output end of the first error amplifier outputs a drive signal Vgate1 of a gate G of the first P-type power switch PM1; and an overcurrent protection module comprising: a second P-type power switch PM2, wherein a source terminal S of the second P-type power switch PM2 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD, a drain terminal D of the second P-type power switch PM2 is connected to a first input end of a second error amplifier and connected to a drain terminal D of a first N-type power switch NM1, a source terminal S of the first N-type power switch NM1 is grounded through a third resistor R3, a second input end of the second error amplifier receives an output voltage VOUT of the drain terminal D of the first P-type power switch PM1, an output end of the second error amplifier outputs a drive signal Vgate2 of a gate G of the first N-type power switch NM1, and a gate G of the second P-type power switch PM2 is connected to the gate G of the first P-type power switch PM1 to receive the drive signal Vgate1; a second N-type power switch NM2; and a third P-type power switch PM3, wherein a drain terminal D of the second N-type power switch NM2 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD and connected to a gate G of the third P-type power switch PM3 to output a drive signal Vgate3 of the gate G of the third P-type power switch PM3, a source terminal S of the second N-type power switch NM2 is ground, a gate G of the second N-type power switch NM2 is connected to the source terminal S of the first N-type power switch NM1 to receive a gate drive signal Vgate4 output by the source terminal S of the first N-type power switch NM1, a source terminal S of the third P-type power switch PM3 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD, and a drain terminal D of the third P-type power switch PM3 is connected to the gate G of the first P-type power switch PM1 and the gate G of the second P-type power switch PM2. 2. The LDO circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the first end of the first error amplifier is an inverting input end, and the second end of the first error amplifier is a non-inverting input end. 3. The LDO circuit device according to claim 2, wherein the first error amplifier is an operational amplifier. 4. The LDO circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the first end of the second error amplifier is a non-inverting input end, and the second end of the second error amplifier is an inverting input end. 5. The LDO circuit device according to claim 4, wherein the second error amplifier is an operational amplifier. 6. The LDO circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the drain terminal D of the second N-type power switch NM2 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD through a fourth resistor R4. 7. The LDO circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the first P-type power switch PM1, the second P-type power switch PM2, and the third P-type power switch PM3 are PMOS. 8. The LDO circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the first N-type power switch NM1 and the second N-type power switch NM2 are NMOS. 9. The LDO circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the LDO circuit device is integrated in one semiconductor substrate. 10. An overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit, the LDO circuit comprising a first P-type power switch PM1, wherein a source terminal S of the first P-type power switch PM1 is connected to a direct current voltage source VDD, a drain terminal D of the first P-type power switch PM1 is grounded, and a gate G of the first P-type power switch PM1 receives a drive signal Vgate1, the overcurrent protection circuit comprising: a second P-type power switch PM2, wherein a source terminal S of the second P-type power switch PM2 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD, a drain terminal D of the second P-type power switch PM2 is connected to a first input end of a second error amplifier and connected to a drain terminal D of a first N-type power switch NM1, a source terminal S of the first N-type power switch NM1 is grounded through a third resistor R3, a second input end of the second error amplifier receives an output voltage VOUT of the drain terminal D of the first P-type power switch PM1, an output end of the second error amplifier outputs a drive signal Vgate2 of a gate G of the first N-type power switch NM1, and a gate G of the second P-type power switch PM2 is connected to the gate G of the first P-type power switch PM1 to receive the drive signal Vgate1; a second N-type power switch NM2; and a third P-type power switch PM3, wherein a drain terminal D of the second N-type power switch NM2 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD and connected to a gate G of the third P-type power switch PM3 to output a drive signal Vgate3 of the gate G of the third P-type power switch PM3, a source terminal S of the second N-type power switch NM2 is ground, a gate G of the second N-type power switch NM2 is connected to the source terminal S of the first N-type power switch NM1 to receive a gate drive signal Vgate4 output by the source terminal S of the first N-type power switch NM1, a source terminal S of the third P-type power switch PM3 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD, and a drain terminal D of the third P-type power switch PM3 is connected to the gate G of the first P-type power switch PM1 and the gate G of the second P-type power switch PM2. 11. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 10, wherein the first end of the first error amplifier is an inverting input end, and the second end of the first error amplifier is a non-inverting input end. 12. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 11, wherein the first error amplifier is an operational amplifier. 13. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 10, wherein the first end of the second error amplifier is a non-inverting input end, and the second end of the second error amplifier is an inverting input end. 14. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 13, wherein the second error amplifier is an operational amplifier. 15. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 10, wherein the drain terminal D of the second N-type power switch NM2 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD through a fourth resistor R4. 16. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 10, wherein the first P-type power switch PM1, the second P-type power switch PM2, and the third P-type power switch PM3 are PMOS. 17. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 10, wherein the first N-type power switch NM1 and the second N-type power switch NM2 are NMOS. 18. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 10, wherein the overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit is integrated in one semiconductor substrate. | Embodiments described herein relate to an LDO circuit device and overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit. An overcurrent protection circuit is added to an LDO circuit to process an output current signal of the LDO circuit. When the output current signal of the LDO circuit increases, a voltage of a gate drive signal of a power switch in the LDO circuit is increased through adjustment performed by the overcurrent protection circuit, thereby declining the current capability of the power switch in the LDO circuit and restricting an output current thereof from continuing to increase. After feedback regulation, the output current of the LDO finally reaches to a stable value.1. An LDO circuit device, comprising:
an LDO circuit comprising a first P-type power switch PM1, wherein a source terminal S of the first P-type power switch PM1 is connected to a direct current voltage source VDD, a drain terminal D of the first P-type power switch PM1 is connected to one end of a series structure formed by a first resistor R1 and a first resistor R2, the other end of the series structure formed by the first resistor R1 and the first resistor R2 is grounded, a common node P of the first resistor R1 and the first resistor R2 is connected to a first input end of a first error amplifier to input a feedback voltage signal VFB to the first input end of the first error amplifier, a second input end of the first error amplifier receives a reference voltage VREF, and an output end of the first error amplifier outputs a drive signal Vgate1 of a gate G of the first P-type power switch PM1; and an overcurrent protection module comprising: a second P-type power switch PM2, wherein a source terminal S of the second P-type power switch PM2 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD, a drain terminal D of the second P-type power switch PM2 is connected to a first input end of a second error amplifier and connected to a drain terminal D of a first N-type power switch NM1, a source terminal S of the first N-type power switch NM1 is grounded through a third resistor R3, a second input end of the second error amplifier receives an output voltage VOUT of the drain terminal D of the first P-type power switch PM1, an output end of the second error amplifier outputs a drive signal Vgate2 of a gate G of the first N-type power switch NM1, and a gate G of the second P-type power switch PM2 is connected to the gate G of the first P-type power switch PM1 to receive the drive signal Vgate1; a second N-type power switch NM2; and a third P-type power switch PM3, wherein a drain terminal D of the second N-type power switch NM2 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD and connected to a gate G of the third P-type power switch PM3 to output a drive signal Vgate3 of the gate G of the third P-type power switch PM3, a source terminal S of the second N-type power switch NM2 is ground, a gate G of the second N-type power switch NM2 is connected to the source terminal S of the first N-type power switch NM1 to receive a gate drive signal Vgate4 output by the source terminal S of the first N-type power switch NM1, a source terminal S of the third P-type power switch PM3 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD, and a drain terminal D of the third P-type power switch PM3 is connected to the gate G of the first P-type power switch PM1 and the gate G of the second P-type power switch PM2. 2. The LDO circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the first end of the first error amplifier is an inverting input end, and the second end of the first error amplifier is a non-inverting input end. 3. The LDO circuit device according to claim 2, wherein the first error amplifier is an operational amplifier. 4. The LDO circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the first end of the second error amplifier is a non-inverting input end, and the second end of the second error amplifier is an inverting input end. 5. The LDO circuit device according to claim 4, wherein the second error amplifier is an operational amplifier. 6. The LDO circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the drain terminal D of the second N-type power switch NM2 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD through a fourth resistor R4. 7. The LDO circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the first P-type power switch PM1, the second P-type power switch PM2, and the third P-type power switch PM3 are PMOS. 8. The LDO circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the first N-type power switch NM1 and the second N-type power switch NM2 are NMOS. 9. The LDO circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the LDO circuit device is integrated in one semiconductor substrate. 10. An overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit, the LDO circuit comprising a first P-type power switch PM1, wherein a source terminal S of the first P-type power switch PM1 is connected to a direct current voltage source VDD, a drain terminal D of the first P-type power switch PM1 is grounded, and a gate G of the first P-type power switch PM1 receives a drive signal Vgate1, the overcurrent protection circuit comprising: a second P-type power switch PM2, wherein a source terminal S of the second P-type power switch PM2 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD, a drain terminal D of the second P-type power switch PM2 is connected to a first input end of a second error amplifier and connected to a drain terminal D of a first N-type power switch NM1, a source terminal S of the first N-type power switch NM1 is grounded through a third resistor R3, a second input end of the second error amplifier receives an output voltage VOUT of the drain terminal D of the first P-type power switch PM1, an output end of the second error amplifier outputs a drive signal Vgate2 of a gate G of the first N-type power switch NM1, and a gate G of the second P-type power switch PM2 is connected to the gate G of the first P-type power switch PM1 to receive the drive signal Vgate1; a second N-type power switch NM2; and a third P-type power switch PM3, wherein a drain terminal D of the second N-type power switch NM2 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD and connected to a gate G of the third P-type power switch PM3 to output a drive signal Vgate3 of the gate G of the third P-type power switch PM3, a source terminal S of the second N-type power switch NM2 is ground, a gate G of the second N-type power switch NM2 is connected to the source terminal S of the first N-type power switch NM1 to receive a gate drive signal Vgate4 output by the source terminal S of the first N-type power switch NM1, a source terminal S of the third P-type power switch PM3 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD, and a drain terminal D of the third P-type power switch PM3 is connected to the gate G of the first P-type power switch PM1 and the gate G of the second P-type power switch PM2. 11. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 10, wherein the first end of the first error amplifier is an inverting input end, and the second end of the first error amplifier is a non-inverting input end. 12. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 11, wherein the first error amplifier is an operational amplifier. 13. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 10, wherein the first end of the second error amplifier is a non-inverting input end, and the second end of the second error amplifier is an inverting input end. 14. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 13, wherein the second error amplifier is an operational amplifier. 15. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 10, wherein the drain terminal D of the second N-type power switch NM2 is connected to the direct current voltage source VDD through a fourth resistor R4. 16. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 10, wherein the first P-type power switch PM1, the second P-type power switch PM2, and the third P-type power switch PM3 are PMOS. 17. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 10, wherein the first N-type power switch NM1 and the second N-type power switch NM2 are NMOS. 18. The overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit according to claim 10, wherein the overcurrent protection circuit of an LDO circuit is integrated in one semiconductor substrate. | 2,100 |
339,707 | 16,800,655 | 2,643 | A method, system and computer-usable medium are disclosed for providing a travel network infrastructure. A dedicated Li-F connection is provided for each physical space such as a seat, expected to accommodate a passenger in a travel network such as an airline. A passenger is authenticated according to a physical space occupied by the passenger. If authentication is successful, a secure Li-Fi channel is established for the passenger. The access point of the Li-Fi channel is only leveraged by the passenger and no other passengers. | 1. A computer-implemented method for providing a travel network infrastructure comprising:
providing a dedicated Li-Fi wireless connection for each physical space expected to accommodate a passenger in a travel network; authenticating a respective passenger according to a respective physical space occupied by the respective passenger; and responsive to a successful authentication, establishing a secure Li-Fi channel for the respective passenger, wherein an access point of the Li-Fi channel is leveraged only by the respective passenger. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a scan code is used to authenticate the respective passenger. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the scan code is used to authenticate the respective passenger in an airport and/or a subsequent transport in the travel network whereby a network session is maintained during different phases of a passenger itinerary through the travel network. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a passenger itinerary is used to authenticate the respective passenger in an airport and/or a subsequent transport in the travel network whereby a network session is maintained during different phases of the passenger itinerary through the travel network. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the dedicated Li-Fi wireless connection is assigned a unique address. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a passenger corpus is used to identify the respective passenger. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising tracking location of the respective passenger, if the respective passenger has changed an assigned physical space. 8. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a computer-usable medium embodying computer program code, the computer-usable medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code used for providing a travel network infrastructure and comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
providing a dedicated Li-Fi wireless connection for each physical space expected to accommodate a passenger in a travel network;
authenticating a respective passenger according to a respective physical space occupied by the respective passenger; and
responsive to a successful authentication, establishing a secure Li-Fi channel for the respective passenger, wherein an access point of the Li-Fi channel is leveraged only by the respective passenger. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein a scan code is used to authenticate the respective passenger. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the scan code is used to authenticate the respective passenger in an airport and/or a subsequent transport in the travel network whereby a network session is maintained during different phases of a passenger itinerary through the travel network. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the scan code is valid for a specific seat location for a specific duration. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the dedicated Li-Fi wireless connection is assigned a unique address. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein a passenger corpus is used to identify the respective passenger. 14. The system of claim 8 further comprising tracking location of the respective passenger, if the respective passenger has changed an assigned physical space. 15. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
providing a dedicated Li-Fi wireless connection for each physical space expected to accommodate a passenger in a travel network; authenticating a respective passenger according to a respective physical space occupied by the respective passenger; and responsive to a successful authentication, establishing a secure Li-Fi channel for the respective passenger, wherein an access point of the Li-Fi channel is leveraged only by the respective passenger. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein a scan code is used to authenticate the respective passenger. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the scan code is used to authenticate the respective passenger in an airport and/or a subsequent transport in the travel network whereby a network session is maintained during different phases of a passenger itinerary through the travel network. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the dedicated Li-Fi wireless connection is assigned a unique address 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein a passenger corpus is used to identify the respective passenger. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising tracking location of the passenger, if the respective passenger has changed an assigned physical space. | A method, system and computer-usable medium are disclosed for providing a travel network infrastructure. A dedicated Li-F connection is provided for each physical space such as a seat, expected to accommodate a passenger in a travel network such as an airline. A passenger is authenticated according to a physical space occupied by the passenger. If authentication is successful, a secure Li-Fi channel is established for the passenger. The access point of the Li-Fi channel is only leveraged by the passenger and no other passengers.1. A computer-implemented method for providing a travel network infrastructure comprising:
providing a dedicated Li-Fi wireless connection for each physical space expected to accommodate a passenger in a travel network; authenticating a respective passenger according to a respective physical space occupied by the respective passenger; and responsive to a successful authentication, establishing a secure Li-Fi channel for the respective passenger, wherein an access point of the Li-Fi channel is leveraged only by the respective passenger. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a scan code is used to authenticate the respective passenger. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the scan code is used to authenticate the respective passenger in an airport and/or a subsequent transport in the travel network whereby a network session is maintained during different phases of a passenger itinerary through the travel network. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a passenger itinerary is used to authenticate the respective passenger in an airport and/or a subsequent transport in the travel network whereby a network session is maintained during different phases of the passenger itinerary through the travel network. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the dedicated Li-Fi wireless connection is assigned a unique address. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a passenger corpus is used to identify the respective passenger. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising tracking location of the respective passenger, if the respective passenger has changed an assigned physical space. 8. A system comprising:
a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a computer-usable medium embodying computer program code, the computer-usable medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code used for providing a travel network infrastructure and comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for:
providing a dedicated Li-Fi wireless connection for each physical space expected to accommodate a passenger in a travel network;
authenticating a respective passenger according to a respective physical space occupied by the respective passenger; and
responsive to a successful authentication, establishing a secure Li-Fi channel for the respective passenger, wherein an access point of the Li-Fi channel is leveraged only by the respective passenger. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein a scan code is used to authenticate the respective passenger. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the scan code is used to authenticate the respective passenger in an airport and/or a subsequent transport in the travel network whereby a network session is maintained during different phases of a passenger itinerary through the travel network. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the scan code is valid for a specific seat location for a specific duration. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the dedicated Li-Fi wireless connection is assigned a unique address. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein a passenger corpus is used to identify the respective passenger. 14. The system of claim 8 further comprising tracking location of the respective passenger, if the respective passenger has changed an assigned physical space. 15. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for:
providing a dedicated Li-Fi wireless connection for each physical space expected to accommodate a passenger in a travel network; authenticating a respective passenger according to a respective physical space occupied by the respective passenger; and responsive to a successful authentication, establishing a secure Li-Fi channel for the respective passenger, wherein an access point of the Li-Fi channel is leveraged only by the respective passenger. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein a scan code is used to authenticate the respective passenger. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the scan code is used to authenticate the respective passenger in an airport and/or a subsequent transport in the travel network whereby a network session is maintained during different phases of a passenger itinerary through the travel network. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the dedicated Li-Fi wireless connection is assigned a unique address 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein a passenger corpus is used to identify the respective passenger. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising tracking location of the passenger, if the respective passenger has changed an assigned physical space. | 2,600 |
339,708 | 16,800,635 | 2,643 | A method for producing a fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst is described, having a F/Si molar ratio of 0.1:1-3:1. The method involves mixing a fluoride salt with zeolite components to form a gel, which is then hydrothermally treated and calcined. The fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst may be used for cracking an olefin stream into ethylene, propylene, and butylene, with high selectivity towards propylene. The fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst may be used for 50 or more hours with a stable conversion rate and low coke formation. | 1-12. (canceled) 13. A method of using a fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst to convert a C4-C6 olefin into ethylene, propylene, and/or butylene, the method comprising:
contacting a gas stream comprising the C4-C6 olefin with the fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst at a temperature of 400-700° C. to produce ethylene, propylene, and/or butylene, wherein the fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst has a F to Si molar ratio of 0.1:1.0-3.0:1.0, an average particle size of 0.1-5.0 mm, and wherein at least 75 mol % of the C4-C6 olefin present is converted to ethylene, propylene, and/or butylene. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein at least 85 mol % of the C4-C6 olefin present is converted to ethylene, propylene, and/or butylene. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the C4-C6 olefin is 1-hexene, and a mole percentage of propylene produced with respect to moles 1-hexene consumed is 60-85%. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the C4-C6 olefin is 1-hexene, and wherein over a reaction period of 24-72 hours,
at least 85 mol % of the 1-hexene present is converted to ethylene, propylene, and/or butylene, and a mole percentage of propylene produced with respect to moles 1-hexene converted is 60-85%. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the C4-C6 olefin is present in the gas stream at a partial pressure of 20-500 kPa. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the gas stream further comprises an inert carrier gas. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst is substantially free of phosphorous and sodium. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the C4-C6 olefin is fed to a fixed bed reactor at a flow rate of 5-20 mL/h per g fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst. | A method for producing a fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst is described, having a F/Si molar ratio of 0.1:1-3:1. The method involves mixing a fluoride salt with zeolite components to form a gel, which is then hydrothermally treated and calcined. The fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst may be used for cracking an olefin stream into ethylene, propylene, and butylene, with high selectivity towards propylene. The fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst may be used for 50 or more hours with a stable conversion rate and low coke formation.1-12. (canceled) 13. A method of using a fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst to convert a C4-C6 olefin into ethylene, propylene, and/or butylene, the method comprising:
contacting a gas stream comprising the C4-C6 olefin with the fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst at a temperature of 400-700° C. to produce ethylene, propylene, and/or butylene, wherein the fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst has a F to Si molar ratio of 0.1:1.0-3.0:1.0, an average particle size of 0.1-5.0 mm, and wherein at least 75 mol % of the C4-C6 olefin present is converted to ethylene, propylene, and/or butylene. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein at least 85 mol % of the C4-C6 olefin present is converted to ethylene, propylene, and/or butylene. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the C4-C6 olefin is 1-hexene, and a mole percentage of propylene produced with respect to moles 1-hexene consumed is 60-85%. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the C4-C6 olefin is 1-hexene, and wherein over a reaction period of 24-72 hours,
at least 85 mol % of the 1-hexene present is converted to ethylene, propylene, and/or butylene, and a mole percentage of propylene produced with respect to moles 1-hexene converted is 60-85%. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the C4-C6 olefin is present in the gas stream at a partial pressure of 20-500 kPa. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the gas stream further comprises an inert carrier gas. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst is substantially free of phosphorous and sodium. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the C4-C6 olefin is fed to a fixed bed reactor at a flow rate of 5-20 mL/h per g fluoride functionalized zeolite catalyst. | 2,600 |
339,709 | 16,800,626 | 2,643 | A server includes: an infrastructure linkage unit that acquires sensing information from an infrastructure sensor, an affected vehicle identification unit that identifies a vehicle that is affected by an obstacle as an affected vehicle, a passing ability determination unit that determines whether the affected vehicle is capable of passing by the obstacle, a route designing unit that designs a detour route on which the affected vehicle travels to avoid the obstacle point, when the passing ability determination unit determines the affected vehicle is not capable of passing, and a vehicle linkage unit that has a function of communicating with a plurality of in-vehicle devices, the vehicle linkage unit transmitting information about the detour route to the in-vehicle device installed in the affected vehicle among the plurality of in-vehicle devices. | 1. A server comprising:
an infrastructure linkage unit that has a function of communicating with an infrastructure sensor that generates sensing information about an obstacle point at which an obstacle exists on a road, the infrastructure linkage unit acquiring the sensing information from the infrastructure sensor; an affected vehicle identification unit that identifies a vehicle that is affected by the obstacle, among a plurality of vehicles, as an affected vehicle; a passing ability determination unit that determines whether the affected vehicle is capable of passing by the obstacle, based on a vehicle width of the affected vehicle and a passable width of the road at the obstacle point based on the sensing information; a route designing unit that designs a detour route on which the affected vehicle travels to avoid the obstacle point, when the passing ability determination unit determines the affected vehicle is not capable of passing; and a vehicle linkage unit that has a function of communicating with an in-vehicle device installed in the affected vehicle, the vehicle linkage unit transmitting information about the detour route to the in-vehicle device. 2. The server according to claim 1, wherein
the vehicle linkage unit transmits information about the obstacle point to the in-vehicle device when the passing ability determination unit determines the affected vehicle is capable of passing. 3. The server according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
the passing ability determination unit determines a vehicle control width required for controlling the affected vehicle, and determines whether the affected vehicle is capable of passing by the obstacle, by comparing the passable width with a value obtained by adding the vehicle control width to the vehicle width. 4. The server according to claim 1, wherein
the in-vehicle device has an inter-vehicle communication function to communicate with another vehicle, and the vehicle linkage unit further transmits to the in-vehicle device, a command causing transmission of the information about the detour route to the other vehicle by using the inter-vehicle communication function. 5. The server according to claim 1, wherein
the vehicle linkage unit further transmits, to the in-vehicle device, information for notifying an occupant of the affected vehicle of a reason for changing a traveling route of the affected vehicle to the detour route. 6. The server according to claim 1, wherein
the route designing unit designs the detour route with a road provided with the infrastructure sensor prioritized. 7. A vehicle assistance system comprising:
a server capable of communicating with a plurality of vehicles; a plurality of in-vehicle devices each installed in each of the plurality of vehicles; and an infrastructure sensor that generates sensing information about an obstacle point at which an obstacle exists on a road, wherein the server includes: an infrastructure linkage unit that has a function of communicating with the infrastructure sensor, and acquires the sensing information from the infrastructure sensor; an affected vehicle identification unit that identifies a vehicle that is affected by the obstacle, among the plurality of vehicles, as an affected vehicle; a passing ability determination unit that determines whether the affected vehicle is capable of passing by the obstacle, based on a vehicle width of the affected vehicle and a passable width of the road at the obstacle point based on the sensing information; a route designing unit that designs a detour route on which the affected vehicle travels to avoid the obstacle point, when the passing ability determination unit determines the affected vehicle is not capable of passing; and a vehicle linkage unit that has a function of communicating with the plurality of in-vehicle devices, the vehicle linkage unit transmitting information about the detour route to the in-vehicle device installed in the affected vehicle among the plurality of in-vehicle devices, the infrastructure sensor includes: a sensor unit that generates the sensing information upon detecting the obstacle; and an infrastructure-side server linkage unit that transmits the sensing information to the server, and the in-vehicle devices each include: a vehicle-side server linkage unit that acquires the information about the detour route from the server; and a vehicle control unit that causes the affected vehicle to travel along the detour route based on the information about the detour route acquired by the vehicle-side server linkage unit. 8. The vehicle assistance system according to claim 7, wherein
the vehicle linkage unit transmits information about the obstacle point to the in-vehicle device when the passing ability determination unit determines the affected vehicle is capable of passing. 9. The vehicle assistance system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein
the passing ability determination unit determines a vehicle control width required for controlling the affected vehicle, and determines whether the affected vehicle is capable of passing by the obstacle, by comparing the passable width with a value obtained by adding the vehicle control width to the vehicle width. 10. The vehicle assistance system according to claim 7, wherein
the in-vehicle device has an inter-vehicle communication function to communicate with another vehicle, the vehicle linkage unit further transmits to the in-vehicle device, a command causing transmission of the information about the detour route to the other vehicle by using the inter-vehicle communication function, and in response to the command, the in-vehicle device transmits the information about the detour route to the in-vehicle device installed in the other vehicle by using the inter-vehicle communication function. 11. The vehicle assistance system according to claim 7, wherein
the vehicle linkage unit further transmits, to the in-vehicle device, information for notifying an occupant of the affected vehicle of a reason for changing a traveling route of the affected vehicle to the detour route. 12. The vehicle assistance system according to claim 7, wherein
the route designing unit designs the detour route with a road provided with the infrastructure sensor prioritized. | A server includes: an infrastructure linkage unit that acquires sensing information from an infrastructure sensor, an affected vehicle identification unit that identifies a vehicle that is affected by an obstacle as an affected vehicle, a passing ability determination unit that determines whether the affected vehicle is capable of passing by the obstacle, a route designing unit that designs a detour route on which the affected vehicle travels to avoid the obstacle point, when the passing ability determination unit determines the affected vehicle is not capable of passing, and a vehicle linkage unit that has a function of communicating with a plurality of in-vehicle devices, the vehicle linkage unit transmitting information about the detour route to the in-vehicle device installed in the affected vehicle among the plurality of in-vehicle devices.1. A server comprising:
an infrastructure linkage unit that has a function of communicating with an infrastructure sensor that generates sensing information about an obstacle point at which an obstacle exists on a road, the infrastructure linkage unit acquiring the sensing information from the infrastructure sensor; an affected vehicle identification unit that identifies a vehicle that is affected by the obstacle, among a plurality of vehicles, as an affected vehicle; a passing ability determination unit that determines whether the affected vehicle is capable of passing by the obstacle, based on a vehicle width of the affected vehicle and a passable width of the road at the obstacle point based on the sensing information; a route designing unit that designs a detour route on which the affected vehicle travels to avoid the obstacle point, when the passing ability determination unit determines the affected vehicle is not capable of passing; and a vehicle linkage unit that has a function of communicating with an in-vehicle device installed in the affected vehicle, the vehicle linkage unit transmitting information about the detour route to the in-vehicle device. 2. The server according to claim 1, wherein
the vehicle linkage unit transmits information about the obstacle point to the in-vehicle device when the passing ability determination unit determines the affected vehicle is capable of passing. 3. The server according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
the passing ability determination unit determines a vehicle control width required for controlling the affected vehicle, and determines whether the affected vehicle is capable of passing by the obstacle, by comparing the passable width with a value obtained by adding the vehicle control width to the vehicle width. 4. The server according to claim 1, wherein
the in-vehicle device has an inter-vehicle communication function to communicate with another vehicle, and the vehicle linkage unit further transmits to the in-vehicle device, a command causing transmission of the information about the detour route to the other vehicle by using the inter-vehicle communication function. 5. The server according to claim 1, wherein
the vehicle linkage unit further transmits, to the in-vehicle device, information for notifying an occupant of the affected vehicle of a reason for changing a traveling route of the affected vehicle to the detour route. 6. The server according to claim 1, wherein
the route designing unit designs the detour route with a road provided with the infrastructure sensor prioritized. 7. A vehicle assistance system comprising:
a server capable of communicating with a plurality of vehicles; a plurality of in-vehicle devices each installed in each of the plurality of vehicles; and an infrastructure sensor that generates sensing information about an obstacle point at which an obstacle exists on a road, wherein the server includes: an infrastructure linkage unit that has a function of communicating with the infrastructure sensor, and acquires the sensing information from the infrastructure sensor; an affected vehicle identification unit that identifies a vehicle that is affected by the obstacle, among the plurality of vehicles, as an affected vehicle; a passing ability determination unit that determines whether the affected vehicle is capable of passing by the obstacle, based on a vehicle width of the affected vehicle and a passable width of the road at the obstacle point based on the sensing information; a route designing unit that designs a detour route on which the affected vehicle travels to avoid the obstacle point, when the passing ability determination unit determines the affected vehicle is not capable of passing; and a vehicle linkage unit that has a function of communicating with the plurality of in-vehicle devices, the vehicle linkage unit transmitting information about the detour route to the in-vehicle device installed in the affected vehicle among the plurality of in-vehicle devices, the infrastructure sensor includes: a sensor unit that generates the sensing information upon detecting the obstacle; and an infrastructure-side server linkage unit that transmits the sensing information to the server, and the in-vehicle devices each include: a vehicle-side server linkage unit that acquires the information about the detour route from the server; and a vehicle control unit that causes the affected vehicle to travel along the detour route based on the information about the detour route acquired by the vehicle-side server linkage unit. 8. The vehicle assistance system according to claim 7, wherein
the vehicle linkage unit transmits information about the obstacle point to the in-vehicle device when the passing ability determination unit determines the affected vehicle is capable of passing. 9. The vehicle assistance system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein
the passing ability determination unit determines a vehicle control width required for controlling the affected vehicle, and determines whether the affected vehicle is capable of passing by the obstacle, by comparing the passable width with a value obtained by adding the vehicle control width to the vehicle width. 10. The vehicle assistance system according to claim 7, wherein
the in-vehicle device has an inter-vehicle communication function to communicate with another vehicle, the vehicle linkage unit further transmits to the in-vehicle device, a command causing transmission of the information about the detour route to the other vehicle by using the inter-vehicle communication function, and in response to the command, the in-vehicle device transmits the information about the detour route to the in-vehicle device installed in the other vehicle by using the inter-vehicle communication function. 11. The vehicle assistance system according to claim 7, wherein
the vehicle linkage unit further transmits, to the in-vehicle device, information for notifying an occupant of the affected vehicle of a reason for changing a traveling route of the affected vehicle to the detour route. 12. The vehicle assistance system according to claim 7, wherein
the route designing unit designs the detour route with a road provided with the infrastructure sensor prioritized. | 2,600 |
339,710 | 16,800,642 | 2,643 | A roulette wheel device, and related devices, systems, and methods, includes a base coupled to a table, the base having a circular ball track within a circular rim. The roulette wheel device further includes a circular wheelhead rotatably coupled to the base within the ball track. The wheelhead includes a circular ring having a plurality of pockets, wherein the circular ball track is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct a roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets. The wheelhead further includes a circular display subassembly including a display device to selectively display graphical elements corresponding to the plurality of pockets. The circular ball track, the circular ring, and the circular display subassembly are substantially concentric. | 1. A roulette wheel device comprising:
a base coupled to a table, the base comprising a circular ball track within a circular rim; and a circular wheelhead rotatably coupled to the base within the ball track, the wheelhead comprising:
a circular ring comprising a plurality of pockets, wherein the circular ball track is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct a roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets; and
a circular display subassembly comprising a display device to selectively display graphical elements corresponding to the plurality of pockets,
wherein the circular ball track, the circular ring, and the circular display subassembly are substantially concentric. 2. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, wherein the circular display subassembly is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct the roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets. 3. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, wherein the circular display subassembly comprises an inner portion and an intermediate portion disposed between the inner portion and the plurality of pockets,
wherein the inner portion of the circular display subassembly is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 45 degrees. 4. The roulette wheel device of claim 3, wherein the intermediate portion of the circular display subassembly is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 0 degrees and that is less than 30 degrees. 5. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, wherein the display device comprises a plurality of arcuate display devices arranged in a circular array on the wheelhead, wherein each arcuate display device is associated with a subset of the plurality of pockets. 6. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of image capture devices to capture images of the roulette ball and the plurality of pockets. 7. The roulette wheel device of claim 6, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the circular wheelhead facing radially outwardly toward the circular ring. 8. The roulette wheel device of claim 6, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the base facing radially inwardly toward the circular ring. 9. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, further comprising a roulette table, wherein the base is coupled to the roulette table, and
wherein roulette table further comprises a betting area comprising a plurality of bet positions. 10. The roulette wheel device of claim 9, wherein the betting area comprises a betting area display device to selectively display graphical elements associated with the plurality of bet positions. 11. A roulette wheel device comprising:
a base coupled to a table, the base comprising:
a circular rim;
a circular display device; and
a circular ball track disposed between the circular rim and the circular display device; and
a circular wheelhead rotatably coupled to the base over the circular display device within the ball track, the wheelhead comprising:
a circular ring comprising a plurality of pockets, wherein the circular ball track is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct a roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets; and
a circular display window, wherein a portion of the circular display device is visible to a user of the roulette wheel device through the circular display window,
wherein the circular rim, the display device, the circular ball track, the circular ring, and the circular display window are substantially concentric. 12. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, wherein the circular display window is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct the roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets. 13. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, wherein the circular wheelhead further comprises an inner portion, wherein the circular display window is disposed between the inner portion and the plurality of pockets,
wherein the inner portion of the circular wheelhead is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 45 degrees. 14. The roulette wheel device of claim 13, wherein the circular display window is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 0 degrees and that is less than 30 degrees. 15. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, wherein the display device comprises a plurality of arcuate display devices arranged in a circular array on the base. 16. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of image capture devices to capture images of the roulette ball and the plurality of pockets. 17. The roulette wheel device of claim 16, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the circular wheelhead facing radially outwardly toward the circular ring. 18. The roulette wheel device of claim 16, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the base facing radially inwardly toward the circular ring. 19. A method comprising:
detecting rotation of a circular wheelhead of a roulette wheel device with respect to a base of the roulette wheel device; and displaying, by a circular display subassembly of the circular wheelhead based on detecting the rotation of the circular wheelhead, graphical elements corresponding to a plurality of pockets disposed around a circular ring of the wheelhead. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein detecting the rotation of the circular wheelhead further comprises detecting a first rotational speed of the circular wheelhead,
wherein the plurality of pockets corresponds to a first sequence of ball position values, and wherein the graphical elements comprise an animation of a second sequence of ball position values rotating at a second rotational speed different from the first rotational speed. | A roulette wheel device, and related devices, systems, and methods, includes a base coupled to a table, the base having a circular ball track within a circular rim. The roulette wheel device further includes a circular wheelhead rotatably coupled to the base within the ball track. The wheelhead includes a circular ring having a plurality of pockets, wherein the circular ball track is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct a roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets. The wheelhead further includes a circular display subassembly including a display device to selectively display graphical elements corresponding to the plurality of pockets. The circular ball track, the circular ring, and the circular display subassembly are substantially concentric.1. A roulette wheel device comprising:
a base coupled to a table, the base comprising a circular ball track within a circular rim; and a circular wheelhead rotatably coupled to the base within the ball track, the wheelhead comprising:
a circular ring comprising a plurality of pockets, wherein the circular ball track is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct a roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets; and
a circular display subassembly comprising a display device to selectively display graphical elements corresponding to the plurality of pockets,
wherein the circular ball track, the circular ring, and the circular display subassembly are substantially concentric. 2. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, wherein the circular display subassembly is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct the roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets. 3. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, wherein the circular display subassembly comprises an inner portion and an intermediate portion disposed between the inner portion and the plurality of pockets,
wherein the inner portion of the circular display subassembly is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 45 degrees. 4. The roulette wheel device of claim 3, wherein the intermediate portion of the circular display subassembly is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 0 degrees and that is less than 30 degrees. 5. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, wherein the display device comprises a plurality of arcuate display devices arranged in a circular array on the wheelhead, wherein each arcuate display device is associated with a subset of the plurality of pockets. 6. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of image capture devices to capture images of the roulette ball and the plurality of pockets. 7. The roulette wheel device of claim 6, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the circular wheelhead facing radially outwardly toward the circular ring. 8. The roulette wheel device of claim 6, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the base facing radially inwardly toward the circular ring. 9. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, further comprising a roulette table, wherein the base is coupled to the roulette table, and
wherein roulette table further comprises a betting area comprising a plurality of bet positions. 10. The roulette wheel device of claim 9, wherein the betting area comprises a betting area display device to selectively display graphical elements associated with the plurality of bet positions. 11. A roulette wheel device comprising:
a base coupled to a table, the base comprising:
a circular rim;
a circular display device; and
a circular ball track disposed between the circular rim and the circular display device; and
a circular wheelhead rotatably coupled to the base over the circular display device within the ball track, the wheelhead comprising:
a circular ring comprising a plurality of pockets, wherein the circular ball track is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct a roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets; and
a circular display window, wherein a portion of the circular display device is visible to a user of the roulette wheel device through the circular display window,
wherein the circular rim, the display device, the circular ball track, the circular ring, and the circular display window are substantially concentric. 12. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, wherein the circular display window is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct the roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets. 13. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, wherein the circular wheelhead further comprises an inner portion, wherein the circular display window is disposed between the inner portion and the plurality of pockets,
wherein the inner portion of the circular wheelhead is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 45 degrees. 14. The roulette wheel device of claim 13, wherein the circular display window is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 0 degrees and that is less than 30 degrees. 15. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, wherein the display device comprises a plurality of arcuate display devices arranged in a circular array on the base. 16. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of image capture devices to capture images of the roulette ball and the plurality of pockets. 17. The roulette wheel device of claim 16, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the circular wheelhead facing radially outwardly toward the circular ring. 18. The roulette wheel device of claim 16, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the base facing radially inwardly toward the circular ring. 19. A method comprising:
detecting rotation of a circular wheelhead of a roulette wheel device with respect to a base of the roulette wheel device; and displaying, by a circular display subassembly of the circular wheelhead based on detecting the rotation of the circular wheelhead, graphical elements corresponding to a plurality of pockets disposed around a circular ring of the wheelhead. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein detecting the rotation of the circular wheelhead further comprises detecting a first rotational speed of the circular wheelhead,
wherein the plurality of pockets corresponds to a first sequence of ball position values, and wherein the graphical elements comprise an animation of a second sequence of ball position values rotating at a second rotational speed different from the first rotational speed. | 2,600 |
339,711 | 16,800,650 | 2,833 | A roulette wheel device, and related devices, systems, and methods, includes a base coupled to a table, the base having a circular ball track within a circular rim. The roulette wheel device further includes a circular wheelhead rotatably coupled to the base within the ball track. The wheelhead includes a circular ring having a plurality of pockets, wherein the circular ball track is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct a roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets. The wheelhead further includes a circular display subassembly including a display device to selectively display graphical elements corresponding to the plurality of pockets. The circular ball track, the circular ring, and the circular display subassembly are substantially concentric. | 1. A roulette wheel device comprising:
a base coupled to a table, the base comprising a circular ball track within a circular rim; and a circular wheelhead rotatably coupled to the base within the ball track, the wheelhead comprising:
a circular ring comprising a plurality of pockets, wherein the circular ball track is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct a roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets; and
a circular display subassembly comprising a display device to selectively display graphical elements corresponding to the plurality of pockets,
wherein the circular ball track, the circular ring, and the circular display subassembly are substantially concentric. 2. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, wherein the circular display subassembly is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct the roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets. 3. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, wherein the circular display subassembly comprises an inner portion and an intermediate portion disposed between the inner portion and the plurality of pockets,
wherein the inner portion of the circular display subassembly is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 45 degrees. 4. The roulette wheel device of claim 3, wherein the intermediate portion of the circular display subassembly is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 0 degrees and that is less than 30 degrees. 5. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, wherein the display device comprises a plurality of arcuate display devices arranged in a circular array on the wheelhead, wherein each arcuate display device is associated with a subset of the plurality of pockets. 6. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of image capture devices to capture images of the roulette ball and the plurality of pockets. 7. The roulette wheel device of claim 6, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the circular wheelhead facing radially outwardly toward the circular ring. 8. The roulette wheel device of claim 6, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the base facing radially inwardly toward the circular ring. 9. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, further comprising a roulette table, wherein the base is coupled to the roulette table, and
wherein roulette table further comprises a betting area comprising a plurality of bet positions. 10. The roulette wheel device of claim 9, wherein the betting area comprises a betting area display device to selectively display graphical elements associated with the plurality of bet positions. 11. A roulette wheel device comprising:
a base coupled to a table, the base comprising:
a circular rim;
a circular display device; and
a circular ball track disposed between the circular rim and the circular display device; and
a circular wheelhead rotatably coupled to the base over the circular display device within the ball track, the wheelhead comprising:
a circular ring comprising a plurality of pockets, wherein the circular ball track is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct a roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets; and
a circular display window, wherein a portion of the circular display device is visible to a user of the roulette wheel device through the circular display window,
wherein the circular rim, the display device, the circular ball track, the circular ring, and the circular display window are substantially concentric. 12. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, wherein the circular display window is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct the roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets. 13. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, wherein the circular wheelhead further comprises an inner portion, wherein the circular display window is disposed between the inner portion and the plurality of pockets,
wherein the inner portion of the circular wheelhead is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 45 degrees. 14. The roulette wheel device of claim 13, wherein the circular display window is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 0 degrees and that is less than 30 degrees. 15. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, wherein the display device comprises a plurality of arcuate display devices arranged in a circular array on the base. 16. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of image capture devices to capture images of the roulette ball and the plurality of pockets. 17. The roulette wheel device of claim 16, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the circular wheelhead facing radially outwardly toward the circular ring. 18. The roulette wheel device of claim 16, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the base facing radially inwardly toward the circular ring. 19. A method comprising:
detecting rotation of a circular wheelhead of a roulette wheel device with respect to a base of the roulette wheel device; and displaying, by a circular display subassembly of the circular wheelhead based on detecting the rotation of the circular wheelhead, graphical elements corresponding to a plurality of pockets disposed around a circular ring of the wheelhead. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein detecting the rotation of the circular wheelhead further comprises detecting a first rotational speed of the circular wheelhead,
wherein the plurality of pockets corresponds to a first sequence of ball position values, and wherein the graphical elements comprise an animation of a second sequence of ball position values rotating at a second rotational speed different from the first rotational speed. | A roulette wheel device, and related devices, systems, and methods, includes a base coupled to a table, the base having a circular ball track within a circular rim. The roulette wheel device further includes a circular wheelhead rotatably coupled to the base within the ball track. The wheelhead includes a circular ring having a plurality of pockets, wherein the circular ball track is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct a roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets. The wheelhead further includes a circular display subassembly including a display device to selectively display graphical elements corresponding to the plurality of pockets. The circular ball track, the circular ring, and the circular display subassembly are substantially concentric.1. A roulette wheel device comprising:
a base coupled to a table, the base comprising a circular ball track within a circular rim; and a circular wheelhead rotatably coupled to the base within the ball track, the wheelhead comprising:
a circular ring comprising a plurality of pockets, wherein the circular ball track is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct a roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets; and
a circular display subassembly comprising a display device to selectively display graphical elements corresponding to the plurality of pockets,
wherein the circular ball track, the circular ring, and the circular display subassembly are substantially concentric. 2. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, wherein the circular display subassembly is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct the roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets. 3. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, wherein the circular display subassembly comprises an inner portion and an intermediate portion disposed between the inner portion and the plurality of pockets,
wherein the inner portion of the circular display subassembly is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 45 degrees. 4. The roulette wheel device of claim 3, wherein the intermediate portion of the circular display subassembly is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 0 degrees and that is less than 30 degrees. 5. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, wherein the display device comprises a plurality of arcuate display devices arranged in a circular array on the wheelhead, wherein each arcuate display device is associated with a subset of the plurality of pockets. 6. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of image capture devices to capture images of the roulette ball and the plurality of pockets. 7. The roulette wheel device of claim 6, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the circular wheelhead facing radially outwardly toward the circular ring. 8. The roulette wheel device of claim 6, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the base facing radially inwardly toward the circular ring. 9. The roulette wheel device of claim 1, further comprising a roulette table, wherein the base is coupled to the roulette table, and
wherein roulette table further comprises a betting area comprising a plurality of bet positions. 10. The roulette wheel device of claim 9, wherein the betting area comprises a betting area display device to selectively display graphical elements associated with the plurality of bet positions. 11. A roulette wheel device comprising:
a base coupled to a table, the base comprising:
a circular rim;
a circular display device; and
a circular ball track disposed between the circular rim and the circular display device; and
a circular wheelhead rotatably coupled to the base over the circular display device within the ball track, the wheelhead comprising:
a circular ring comprising a plurality of pockets, wherein the circular ball track is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct a roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets; and
a circular display window, wherein a portion of the circular display device is visible to a user of the roulette wheel device through the circular display window,
wherein the circular rim, the display device, the circular ball track, the circular ring, and the circular display window are substantially concentric. 12. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, wherein the circular display window is sloped downwardly toward the circular ring to direct the roulette ball into one of the plurality of pockets. 13. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, wherein the circular wheelhead further comprises an inner portion, wherein the circular display window is disposed between the inner portion and the plurality of pockets,
wherein the inner portion of the circular wheelhead is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 45 degrees. 14. The roulette wheel device of claim 13, wherein the circular display window is sloped downwardly at an angle that is greater than 0 degrees and that is less than 30 degrees. 15. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, wherein the display device comprises a plurality of arcuate display devices arranged in a circular array on the base. 16. The roulette wheel device of claim 11, further comprising a plurality of image capture devices to capture images of the roulette ball and the plurality of pockets. 17. The roulette wheel device of claim 16, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the circular wheelhead facing radially outwardly toward the circular ring. 18. The roulette wheel device of claim 16, wherein the plurality of image capture devices are coupled to the base facing radially inwardly toward the circular ring. 19. A method comprising:
detecting rotation of a circular wheelhead of a roulette wheel device with respect to a base of the roulette wheel device; and displaying, by a circular display subassembly of the circular wheelhead based on detecting the rotation of the circular wheelhead, graphical elements corresponding to a plurality of pockets disposed around a circular ring of the wheelhead. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein detecting the rotation of the circular wheelhead further comprises detecting a first rotational speed of the circular wheelhead,
wherein the plurality of pockets corresponds to a first sequence of ball position values, and wherein the graphical elements comprise an animation of a second sequence of ball position values rotating at a second rotational speed different from the first rotational speed. | 2,800 |
339,712 | 16,800,639 | 2,833 | A method of controlling relative roll torque in vehicles having a front active sway bar and a rear active sway bar is provided. The front active sway bar varies roll torque of a front axle and the rear active sway bar varies roll torque of a rear axle. The method includes monitoring dynamic driving conditions during operation of the vehicle and biasing tire lateral load transfer distribution (TLLTD) relative to the front axle based on the monitored dynamic driving conditions. Positive bias of the TLLTD increases the portion of a total roll torque carried by the front active sway bar. Biasing TLLTD occurs during one or more dynamic bias events triggered as monitored dynamic driving conditions exceed one or more calibrated thresholds. | 1. A method of controlling relative roll torque in a vehicle having a front active sway bar, which varies roll torque of a front axle, and a rear active sway bar, which varies roll torque of a rear axle, comprising:
monitoring dynamic driving conditions during operation of the vehicle; and shifting tire lateral load transfer distribution (TLLTD) between the front axle and the rear axle of the vehicle based on the monitored dynamic driving conditions, wherein shifting the TLLTD toward the front axle increases a portion of a total roll torque carried by the front active sway bar, and wherein shifting the TLLTD toward the rear axle increases a portion of the total roll torque carried by the rear active sway bar. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include steering wheel angle gradient (SWAG), and further comprising:
implementing a first bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the SWAG exceeds a calibrated threshold SWAG. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include driver intended lateral acceleration and measured lateral acceleration, and further comprising:
implementing a second bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the driver intended lateral acceleration exceeds a calibrated threshold for driver intended lateral acceleration or when the measured lateral acceleration exceeds a calibrated threshold for measured lateral acceleration. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
setting the TLLTD to a steady-state base value; shifting the TLLTD away from the steady-state base value during one of the bias events, in response to the monitored dynamic driving conditions; and decaying the shifted TLLTD back to the steady-state base value after a rate of change of one of the bias event decreases below a decay rate. 5. The method of claim 4,
wherein each of the bias events has a dedicated decay rate, and wherein there are at least two different dedicated decay rates. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
setting the TLLTD to a static value, based on factory setup of the vehicle, and wherein setting the TLLTD to the steady-state base value includes:
monitoring loading conditions of the vehicle; and
monitoring ride height of the vehicle; and
altering the TLLTD from the static value to the steady-state base value, in response to the monitored loading conditions and ride height. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
varying the total roll torque based on a driver mode setting having at least three different modes. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include oversteer or understeer, and further comprising:
implementing a third bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the oversteer exceeds a calibrated threshold for oversteer or when the understeer exceeds a calibrated threshold for understeer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include roll velocity, and further comprising:
implementing a fourth bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the roll velocity exceeds a calibrated threshold for roll velocity, such that the roll velocity is damped. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
setting the TLLTD to a steady-state base value; shifting the TLLTD away from the steady-state base value during one or more bias events, in response to the monitored dynamic driving conditions; and decaying the shifted TLLTD back to the steady-state base value after the one or more bias events decreases below a decay rate. 11. A method of controlling relative roll torque in a vehicle having a front active sway bar, which varies roll torque of a front axle, and a rear active sway bar, which varies roll torque of a rear axle, comprising:
monitoring dynamic driving conditions during operation of the vehicle; and biasing tire lateral load transfer distribution (TLLTD) relative to the front axle based on the monitored dynamic driving conditions, wherein positive bias of the TLLTD increases a portion of a total roll torque carried by the front active sway bar, and wherein biasing TLLTD occurs during one or more dynamic bias events triggered as monitored dynamic driving conditions exceed one or more calibrated thresholds. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
decaying the biased TLLTD back to a steady-state base value after the one or more dynamic bias events decreases below a decay rate. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
varying the total roll torque based on a driver mode setting having at least two modes. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
monitoring loading conditions of the vehicle; monitoring ride height of the vehicle; and setting the TLLTD to a steady-state base value in response to the monitored loading conditions and monitored ride height, wherein biasing TLLTD during the one or more dynamic bias events shifts the TLLTD away from the steady-state value. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include longitudinal acceleration and pitch, and further comprising:
implementing a longitudinal bias event by shifting the TLLTD when one of the longitudinal acceleration exceeds a calibrated threshold for longitudinal acceleration or the pitch exceeds a calibrated threshold for pitch. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include roll velocity, and further comprising:
implementing a roll damping bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the roll velocity exceeds a calibrated threshold for roll velocity. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include steering wheel angle gradient (SWAG), and further comprising:
implementing a SWAG bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the SWAG exceeds a calibrated threshold SWAG. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include driver intended lateral acceleration and measured lateral acceleration, and further comprising:
implementing a lateral acceleration bias event by shifting the TLLTD when one of the driver intended lateral acceleration exceeds a calibrated threshold for driver intended lateral acceleration or the measured lateral acceleration exceeds a calibrated threshold for measured lateral acceleration. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include oversteer and understeer, and further comprising:
implementing a yaw rate bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the oversteer exceeds a calibrated threshold for oversteer or when the understeer exceeds a calibrated threshold for understeer. | A method of controlling relative roll torque in vehicles having a front active sway bar and a rear active sway bar is provided. The front active sway bar varies roll torque of a front axle and the rear active sway bar varies roll torque of a rear axle. The method includes monitoring dynamic driving conditions during operation of the vehicle and biasing tire lateral load transfer distribution (TLLTD) relative to the front axle based on the monitored dynamic driving conditions. Positive bias of the TLLTD increases the portion of a total roll torque carried by the front active sway bar. Biasing TLLTD occurs during one or more dynamic bias events triggered as monitored dynamic driving conditions exceed one or more calibrated thresholds.1. A method of controlling relative roll torque in a vehicle having a front active sway bar, which varies roll torque of a front axle, and a rear active sway bar, which varies roll torque of a rear axle, comprising:
monitoring dynamic driving conditions during operation of the vehicle; and shifting tire lateral load transfer distribution (TLLTD) between the front axle and the rear axle of the vehicle based on the monitored dynamic driving conditions, wherein shifting the TLLTD toward the front axle increases a portion of a total roll torque carried by the front active sway bar, and wherein shifting the TLLTD toward the rear axle increases a portion of the total roll torque carried by the rear active sway bar. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include steering wheel angle gradient (SWAG), and further comprising:
implementing a first bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the SWAG exceeds a calibrated threshold SWAG. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include driver intended lateral acceleration and measured lateral acceleration, and further comprising:
implementing a second bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the driver intended lateral acceleration exceeds a calibrated threshold for driver intended lateral acceleration or when the measured lateral acceleration exceeds a calibrated threshold for measured lateral acceleration. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
setting the TLLTD to a steady-state base value; shifting the TLLTD away from the steady-state base value during one of the bias events, in response to the monitored dynamic driving conditions; and decaying the shifted TLLTD back to the steady-state base value after a rate of change of one of the bias event decreases below a decay rate. 5. The method of claim 4,
wherein each of the bias events has a dedicated decay rate, and wherein there are at least two different dedicated decay rates. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
setting the TLLTD to a static value, based on factory setup of the vehicle, and wherein setting the TLLTD to the steady-state base value includes:
monitoring loading conditions of the vehicle; and
monitoring ride height of the vehicle; and
altering the TLLTD from the static value to the steady-state base value, in response to the monitored loading conditions and ride height. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
varying the total roll torque based on a driver mode setting having at least three different modes. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include oversteer or understeer, and further comprising:
implementing a third bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the oversteer exceeds a calibrated threshold for oversteer or when the understeer exceeds a calibrated threshold for understeer. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include roll velocity, and further comprising:
implementing a fourth bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the roll velocity exceeds a calibrated threshold for roll velocity, such that the roll velocity is damped. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
setting the TLLTD to a steady-state base value; shifting the TLLTD away from the steady-state base value during one or more bias events, in response to the monitored dynamic driving conditions; and decaying the shifted TLLTD back to the steady-state base value after the one or more bias events decreases below a decay rate. 11. A method of controlling relative roll torque in a vehicle having a front active sway bar, which varies roll torque of a front axle, and a rear active sway bar, which varies roll torque of a rear axle, comprising:
monitoring dynamic driving conditions during operation of the vehicle; and biasing tire lateral load transfer distribution (TLLTD) relative to the front axle based on the monitored dynamic driving conditions, wherein positive bias of the TLLTD increases a portion of a total roll torque carried by the front active sway bar, and wherein biasing TLLTD occurs during one or more dynamic bias events triggered as monitored dynamic driving conditions exceed one or more calibrated thresholds. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
decaying the biased TLLTD back to a steady-state base value after the one or more dynamic bias events decreases below a decay rate. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
varying the total roll torque based on a driver mode setting having at least two modes. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
monitoring loading conditions of the vehicle; monitoring ride height of the vehicle; and setting the TLLTD to a steady-state base value in response to the monitored loading conditions and monitored ride height, wherein biasing TLLTD during the one or more dynamic bias events shifts the TLLTD away from the steady-state value. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include longitudinal acceleration and pitch, and further comprising:
implementing a longitudinal bias event by shifting the TLLTD when one of the longitudinal acceleration exceeds a calibrated threshold for longitudinal acceleration or the pitch exceeds a calibrated threshold for pitch. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include roll velocity, and further comprising:
implementing a roll damping bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the roll velocity exceeds a calibrated threshold for roll velocity. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include steering wheel angle gradient (SWAG), and further comprising:
implementing a SWAG bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the SWAG exceeds a calibrated threshold SWAG. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include driver intended lateral acceleration and measured lateral acceleration, and further comprising:
implementing a lateral acceleration bias event by shifting the TLLTD when one of the driver intended lateral acceleration exceeds a calibrated threshold for driver intended lateral acceleration or the measured lateral acceleration exceeds a calibrated threshold for measured lateral acceleration. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the monitored dynamic driving conditions include oversteer and understeer, and further comprising:
implementing a yaw rate bias event by shifting the TLLTD when the oversteer exceeds a calibrated threshold for oversteer or when the understeer exceeds a calibrated threshold for understeer. | 2,800 |
339,713 | 16,800,653 | 2,833 | A rolling walker comprises a frame, a seat supported by that frame, and a backrest supported by the frame. By one approach the backrest is configured to selectively move between a first position that provides back support for a person sitting in the seat facing in a forward direction and a second position that provides back support for a person sitting in the seat facing in a rearward direction. If desired, this backrest can be comprised of a material (such as a memory foam material) that biases the backrest towards that first position when the backrest is in the first position and that biases the backrest towards the second position when the backrest is in the second position. | 1. A rolling walker comprising:
a frame; a backrest supported by the frame; a seat frame supported by the frame; a user-support surface pivotally attached to the seat frame such that the user-support surface selectively pivots upwardly with respect to the seat frame; a tray disposed on the seat frame and beneath the user-support surface when the user-support surface is in a horizontal position. 2. The rolling walker of claim 1 wherein the user-support surface is pivotally attached proximal to a front edge of the seat frame. 3. The rolling walker of claim 2 wherein the user-support surface is pivotally attached to the seat frame via two curved hinge members. 4. The rolling walker of claim 3 wherein the tray includes two slots formed therethrough, and wherein each one of the two curved hinge members is disposed within a corresponding one of the two slots. 5. The rolling walker of claim 3 wherein the seat frame further includes surfaces that frictionally engage the two curved hinge members to thereby frictionally hold the user-support surface at any of a variety of user-selected angles. 6. The rolling walker of claim 1 wherein the tray includes indented features to hold user items. 7. The rolling walker of claim 6 wherein at least one of the indented features comprises a cupholder. 8. The rolling walker of claim 6 wherein at least one of the indented features comprises an indented tray. 9. The rolling walker of claim 6 wherein a first one of the indented features comprises a cupholder and another of the indented features comprises an indented tray. 10. The rolling walker of claim 9 wherein the indented tray is disposed longitudinally parallel to a front edge of the seat frame. 11. The rolling walker of claim 10 wherein the cupholder is disposed laterally with respect to the indented tray. 12. The rolling walker of claim 11 wherein the cupholder is disposed on a starboard side of the indented tray. | A rolling walker comprises a frame, a seat supported by that frame, and a backrest supported by the frame. By one approach the backrest is configured to selectively move between a first position that provides back support for a person sitting in the seat facing in a forward direction and a second position that provides back support for a person sitting in the seat facing in a rearward direction. If desired, this backrest can be comprised of a material (such as a memory foam material) that biases the backrest towards that first position when the backrest is in the first position and that biases the backrest towards the second position when the backrest is in the second position.1. A rolling walker comprising:
a frame; a backrest supported by the frame; a seat frame supported by the frame; a user-support surface pivotally attached to the seat frame such that the user-support surface selectively pivots upwardly with respect to the seat frame; a tray disposed on the seat frame and beneath the user-support surface when the user-support surface is in a horizontal position. 2. The rolling walker of claim 1 wherein the user-support surface is pivotally attached proximal to a front edge of the seat frame. 3. The rolling walker of claim 2 wherein the user-support surface is pivotally attached to the seat frame via two curved hinge members. 4. The rolling walker of claim 3 wherein the tray includes two slots formed therethrough, and wherein each one of the two curved hinge members is disposed within a corresponding one of the two slots. 5. The rolling walker of claim 3 wherein the seat frame further includes surfaces that frictionally engage the two curved hinge members to thereby frictionally hold the user-support surface at any of a variety of user-selected angles. 6. The rolling walker of claim 1 wherein the tray includes indented features to hold user items. 7. The rolling walker of claim 6 wherein at least one of the indented features comprises a cupholder. 8. The rolling walker of claim 6 wherein at least one of the indented features comprises an indented tray. 9. The rolling walker of claim 6 wherein a first one of the indented features comprises a cupholder and another of the indented features comprises an indented tray. 10. The rolling walker of claim 9 wherein the indented tray is disposed longitudinally parallel to a front edge of the seat frame. 11. The rolling walker of claim 10 wherein the cupholder is disposed laterally with respect to the indented tray. 12. The rolling walker of claim 11 wherein the cupholder is disposed on a starboard side of the indented tray. | 2,800 |
339,714 | 16,800,680 | 2,833 | A deposit amount managing method includes: a process in which, in response to a request from a terminal machine to which a remittance amount of value and a bank account are input, a deposit amount managing device verifies the terminal machine, and if the request is valid, an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the remittance amount to function as an execution of the remittance is displayed on the terminal machine; and a process in which, based on the approval at the terminal machine, the deposit amount managing device generates an account transfer requesting message and sends the message to a financial institution system, and the financial institution system draws an amount corresponding to the remittance amount from a target account of the deposit amount managing device and transfers the drawn amount to the bank account specified by the account transfer requesting message. | 1. A deposit amount managing method comprising the steps of:
in response to a request from a terminal machine to which a remittance amount of value and a bank account are input, verifying the terminal machine by a deposit amount managing device, and if the request is valid, displaying an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the remittance amount to function as an execution of remittance; and generating an account transfer requesting message by the deposit amount managing device based on the approval at the terminal machine, sending the message to a financial institution system, and by the financial institution system, drawing an amount corresponding to the remittance amount from a target account of the deposit amount managing device and transferring the drawn amount to the bank account specified by the account transfer requesting message. 2. The deposit amount managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
the terminal machine is a mobile terminal machine on which a contactless IC card chip capable of performing near field communication is mounted, and the deposit amount managing device responds to the request from the terminal machine when the terminal machine enters a readable range of a reader/writer under the near field communication. 3. The deposit amount managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
in the terminal machine, the approval is performed based on voice recognition. | A deposit amount managing method includes: a process in which, in response to a request from a terminal machine to which a remittance amount of value and a bank account are input, a deposit amount managing device verifies the terminal machine, and if the request is valid, an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the remittance amount to function as an execution of the remittance is displayed on the terminal machine; and a process in which, based on the approval at the terminal machine, the deposit amount managing device generates an account transfer requesting message and sends the message to a financial institution system, and the financial institution system draws an amount corresponding to the remittance amount from a target account of the deposit amount managing device and transfers the drawn amount to the bank account specified by the account transfer requesting message.1. A deposit amount managing method comprising the steps of:
in response to a request from a terminal machine to which a remittance amount of value and a bank account are input, verifying the terminal machine by a deposit amount managing device, and if the request is valid, displaying an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the remittance amount to function as an execution of remittance; and generating an account transfer requesting message by the deposit amount managing device based on the approval at the terminal machine, sending the message to a financial institution system, and by the financial institution system, drawing an amount corresponding to the remittance amount from a target account of the deposit amount managing device and transferring the drawn amount to the bank account specified by the account transfer requesting message. 2. The deposit amount managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
the terminal machine is a mobile terminal machine on which a contactless IC card chip capable of performing near field communication is mounted, and the deposit amount managing device responds to the request from the terminal machine when the terminal machine enters a readable range of a reader/writer under the near field communication. 3. The deposit amount managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
in the terminal machine, the approval is performed based on voice recognition. | 2,800 |
339,715 | 16,800,671 | 2,833 | A duel-fuel fireplace apparatus is described. In one example, an apparatus includes an enclosure having a door disposed thereon and a wood burning compartment disposed within the enclosure. The wood burning compartment has an insulated housing configured to support temperatures associated with burning of wood within the wood burning compartment. A gas burning compartment is also disposed within the enclosure and has a gas burner disposed therein. A mechanism including a motor is configured to cause movement between a first mode in which the wood burning compartment is viewable through the door and a second mode in which the gas burning compartment is viewable through the door. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
an enclosure having a door disposed thereon; a wood burning compartment disposed within the enclosure, the wood burning compartment having an insulated housing configured to support temperatures associated with burning of wood within the wood burning compartment; a gas burning compartment having a gas burner disposed therein; and a mechanism configured to cause movement between a first mode in which the wood burning compartment is viewable through the door and a second mode in which the gas burning compartment is viewable through the door. 2. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the movement is rotational movement about an axis. 3. The apparatus as described in claim 2, wherein the axis is substantially perpendicular to a base of the enclosure. 4. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the first mode is configured such that the gas burning compartment is not viewable through the door. 5. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the wood burning compartment has a rack configured to support wood logs having a length of at least six inches. 6. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the wood burning compartment includes a rack that is configured as a rest for a cooking utensil to be disposed thereon while in proximity to a fire within the wood burning compartment. 7. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the gas burning compartment has an object mounted thereto that is configured to be heated directly by a gas fire from the gas burner. 8. The apparatus as described in claim 1, further comprising a catalytic combuster configured to incinerate particulates or gases formed by a fire in the wood burning compartment and a fire in the gas burning compartment. 9. The apparatus as describe in claim 1, wherein the gas burning compartment is separated from the wood burning compartment by an insulated wall of the insulated housing. 10. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the door includes a handle configured to mechanically lock to the enclosure. 11. An apparatus comprising:
an enclosure; a door disposed on the enclosure; a carousel mounted to the enclosure via a spindle to support rotational movement of the carousel within and in relation to the enclosure, the carousel including: a wood burning compartment having an insulated housing configured to support temperatures associated with burning of wood within the wood burning compartment; a gas burning compartment having a gas burner disposed therein; and a mechanism including a motor configured to cause movement of the carousel between first and second modes. 12. The apparatus as described in claim 11, wherein the movement is rotational movement about an axis. 13. The apparatus as described in claim 12, wherein the axis is substantially perpendicular to a base of the enclosure. 14. The apparatus as described in claim 11, wherein the first mode is configured such that the gas burning compartment is not viewable through the door. 15. The apparatus as described in claim 11, wherein the wood burning compartment has a rack configured to support wood logs having a length of at least six inches. 16. The apparatus as described in claim 11, wherein the wood burning compartment includes a rack that is configured as a rest for a cooking utensil to be disposed thereon while in proximity to a fire within the wood burning compartment. 17. The apparatus as describe in claim 11, wherein the gas burning compartment is separated from the wood burning compartment by an insulated wall of the insulated housing. 18. The apparatus as described in claim 11, further comprising a convection fan configured to vent air from around the carousel out vents disposed in a front of the enclosure, onto which, the door is disposed. 19. The apparatus as described in claim 11, further comprising a bypass damper control configured to control opening and closing of a damper in relation to a vent pipe. 20. An apparatus comprising:
an enclosure; a door disposed on the enclosure; a carousel mounted to the enclosure via a spindle to support rotational movement of the carousel within and in relation to the enclosure, the carousel including: a wood burning compartment having an insulated housing configured to support temperatures associated with burning of wood within the wood burning compartment; and a gas burning compartment having a gas burner disposed therein, the gas burning compartment separated from the wood burning compartment by an insulated wall; and a mechanism including a motor configured to cause the rotational movement of the carousel. | A duel-fuel fireplace apparatus is described. In one example, an apparatus includes an enclosure having a door disposed thereon and a wood burning compartment disposed within the enclosure. The wood burning compartment has an insulated housing configured to support temperatures associated with burning of wood within the wood burning compartment. A gas burning compartment is also disposed within the enclosure and has a gas burner disposed therein. A mechanism including a motor is configured to cause movement between a first mode in which the wood burning compartment is viewable through the door and a second mode in which the gas burning compartment is viewable through the door.1. An apparatus comprising:
an enclosure having a door disposed thereon; a wood burning compartment disposed within the enclosure, the wood burning compartment having an insulated housing configured to support temperatures associated with burning of wood within the wood burning compartment; a gas burning compartment having a gas burner disposed therein; and a mechanism configured to cause movement between a first mode in which the wood burning compartment is viewable through the door and a second mode in which the gas burning compartment is viewable through the door. 2. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the movement is rotational movement about an axis. 3. The apparatus as described in claim 2, wherein the axis is substantially perpendicular to a base of the enclosure. 4. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the first mode is configured such that the gas burning compartment is not viewable through the door. 5. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the wood burning compartment has a rack configured to support wood logs having a length of at least six inches. 6. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the wood burning compartment includes a rack that is configured as a rest for a cooking utensil to be disposed thereon while in proximity to a fire within the wood burning compartment. 7. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the gas burning compartment has an object mounted thereto that is configured to be heated directly by a gas fire from the gas burner. 8. The apparatus as described in claim 1, further comprising a catalytic combuster configured to incinerate particulates or gases formed by a fire in the wood burning compartment and a fire in the gas burning compartment. 9. The apparatus as describe in claim 1, wherein the gas burning compartment is separated from the wood burning compartment by an insulated wall of the insulated housing. 10. The apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein the door includes a handle configured to mechanically lock to the enclosure. 11. An apparatus comprising:
an enclosure; a door disposed on the enclosure; a carousel mounted to the enclosure via a spindle to support rotational movement of the carousel within and in relation to the enclosure, the carousel including: a wood burning compartment having an insulated housing configured to support temperatures associated with burning of wood within the wood burning compartment; a gas burning compartment having a gas burner disposed therein; and a mechanism including a motor configured to cause movement of the carousel between first and second modes. 12. The apparatus as described in claim 11, wherein the movement is rotational movement about an axis. 13. The apparatus as described in claim 12, wherein the axis is substantially perpendicular to a base of the enclosure. 14. The apparatus as described in claim 11, wherein the first mode is configured such that the gas burning compartment is not viewable through the door. 15. The apparatus as described in claim 11, wherein the wood burning compartment has a rack configured to support wood logs having a length of at least six inches. 16. The apparatus as described in claim 11, wherein the wood burning compartment includes a rack that is configured as a rest for a cooking utensil to be disposed thereon while in proximity to a fire within the wood burning compartment. 17. The apparatus as describe in claim 11, wherein the gas burning compartment is separated from the wood burning compartment by an insulated wall of the insulated housing. 18. The apparatus as described in claim 11, further comprising a convection fan configured to vent air from around the carousel out vents disposed in a front of the enclosure, onto which, the door is disposed. 19. The apparatus as described in claim 11, further comprising a bypass damper control configured to control opening and closing of a damper in relation to a vent pipe. 20. An apparatus comprising:
an enclosure; a door disposed on the enclosure; a carousel mounted to the enclosure via a spindle to support rotational movement of the carousel within and in relation to the enclosure, the carousel including: a wood burning compartment having an insulated housing configured to support temperatures associated with burning of wood within the wood burning compartment; and a gas burning compartment having a gas burner disposed therein, the gas burning compartment separated from the wood burning compartment by an insulated wall; and a mechanism including a motor configured to cause the rotational movement of the carousel. | 2,800 |
339,716 | 16,800,674 | 2,833 | A resin composition which is configured such that if the resin composition is formed into a resin composition film that has a thickness of 3.0 μm after a heat treatment at a temperature within the range of 200-350° C., the resin composition film forms a heat-resistant resin film that has a light transmittance of 50% or more at a wavelength of 365-436 nm before the heat treatment, while having a light transmittance of 10% or less at a wavelength of 365-436 nm after the heat treatment. Provided is a resin composition having a function of absorbing ultraviolet light and visible light in a short wavelength range, which is suitable for the formation of a planarization film, an insulating layer and a partition wall that are used for organic light emitting devices or display devices. | 1. An organic EL display device comprising:
a substrate having metal oxide thin film transistors formed thereon; a planarization film disposed on the substrate and thin film transistors; and display elements disposed on the planarization film, wherein the display elements have a degree of resolution of 200 ppi or more, and the planarization film is a heat-resistant resin film comprising a resin composition that has positive-working photosensitivity, wherein the planarization film comprises:
(A1) a polyimide, a polybenzoxazole, a polyimide precursor or a polybenzoxazole precursor,
(A3) a phenolic resin and/or a polyhydroxystyrene resin,
(B) a thermally color-developing compound,
(C) a photo-acid generator, and
(D) a solvent,
wherein the component (A3) is contained in an amount of 5 to 50 parts by weight inclusive relative to 100 parts by weight of the component (A1), and
the thermally color-developing compound (B) is able to produce a color upon a heat treatment and has an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 350 to 500 nm inclusive. 2. An organic EL display device comprising:
a substrate having metal oxide thin film transistors formed thereon; a planarization film disposed on the substrate and thin film transistors; and display elements disposed on the planarization film, wherein the display elements have a degree of resolution of 200 ppi or more, and the planarization film is a heat-resistant resin film comprising a resin composition that has positive-working photosensitivity, wherein the planarization film comprises:
(A2) a resin having such a backbone structure that two cyclic structures are bonded to a cyclic-structure-constituting quaternary carbon atom,
(A3) a phenolic resin and/or a polyhydroxystyrene resin,
(B) a thermally color-developing compound,
(C) a photo-acid generator, and
(D) a solvent,
wherein the component (A3) is contained in an amount of 5 to 50 parts by weight inclusive relative to 100 parts by weight of the component (A2). | A resin composition which is configured such that if the resin composition is formed into a resin composition film that has a thickness of 3.0 μm after a heat treatment at a temperature within the range of 200-350° C., the resin composition film forms a heat-resistant resin film that has a light transmittance of 50% or more at a wavelength of 365-436 nm before the heat treatment, while having a light transmittance of 10% or less at a wavelength of 365-436 nm after the heat treatment. Provided is a resin composition having a function of absorbing ultraviolet light and visible light in a short wavelength range, which is suitable for the formation of a planarization film, an insulating layer and a partition wall that are used for organic light emitting devices or display devices.1. An organic EL display device comprising:
a substrate having metal oxide thin film transistors formed thereon; a planarization film disposed on the substrate and thin film transistors; and display elements disposed on the planarization film, wherein the display elements have a degree of resolution of 200 ppi or more, and the planarization film is a heat-resistant resin film comprising a resin composition that has positive-working photosensitivity, wherein the planarization film comprises:
(A1) a polyimide, a polybenzoxazole, a polyimide precursor or a polybenzoxazole precursor,
(A3) a phenolic resin and/or a polyhydroxystyrene resin,
(B) a thermally color-developing compound,
(C) a photo-acid generator, and
(D) a solvent,
wherein the component (A3) is contained in an amount of 5 to 50 parts by weight inclusive relative to 100 parts by weight of the component (A1), and
the thermally color-developing compound (B) is able to produce a color upon a heat treatment and has an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 350 to 500 nm inclusive. 2. An organic EL display device comprising:
a substrate having metal oxide thin film transistors formed thereon; a planarization film disposed on the substrate and thin film transistors; and display elements disposed on the planarization film, wherein the display elements have a degree of resolution of 200 ppi or more, and the planarization film is a heat-resistant resin film comprising a resin composition that has positive-working photosensitivity, wherein the planarization film comprises:
(A2) a resin having such a backbone structure that two cyclic structures are bonded to a cyclic-structure-constituting quaternary carbon atom,
(A3) a phenolic resin and/or a polyhydroxystyrene resin,
(B) a thermally color-developing compound,
(C) a photo-acid generator, and
(D) a solvent,
wherein the component (A3) is contained in an amount of 5 to 50 parts by weight inclusive relative to 100 parts by weight of the component (A2). | 2,800 |
339,717 | 16,800,662 | 2,833 | A user-friendly charger is provided, including an outer shell, a circuit board, an upper cover, a lower cover, a primary plug and a plurality of secondary plugs. The outer shell has an open first end and a second end opposite to the first end, and a receiving chamber is provided inside the outer shell. The circuit board is located inside the receiving chamber. The primary plug is configured to cover the first end of the outer shell; one end of the first conductive elastic sheet is in abutment against the two-phase pin, and the other end thereof is connected to the circuit board. The two-phase pin is rotatably connected to the outer plug housing of the primary plug, and the two-phase pin is configured to be accommodated into the accommodating slot and engaged with the secondary plug, thereby achieving stable and safe electrical connection. | 1. A user-friendly charger, comprising an outer shell, a circuit board, an upper cover, a lower cover, a primary plug and a plurality of secondary plugs,
wherein the outer shell has an open first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the second end is provided with a receiving port on an end face, the outer shell is provided with an opening in a side adjacent to the first end, and a receiving chamber is provided inside the outer shell; the circuit board is fixed by the upper cover and the lower cover, and is located inside the receiving chamber; a charging port is fixedly disposed at the circuit board, and the charging port is inserted into the receiving port such that outer edge of the charging port is in flush with the end face of the second end; the primary plug comprises an outer plug housing, an inner plug housing, a two-phase pin, and two first conductive elastic sheets, and an outer side of the outer plug housing is provided with an accommodating slot having an open end; the primary plug is configured to cover the first end of the outer shell, and the open end of the accommodating slot matches the opening of the outer shell; the first conductive elastic sheets are sandwiched between the outer plug housing and the inner plug housing, with one end of the first conductive elastic sheet being in abutment against the two-phase pin, and the other end thereof being connected to the circuit board; and the two-phase pin is rotatably connected to the outer plug housing, and the two-phase pin is configured to be accommodated into the accommodating slot and engaged with the secondary plug, thereby achieving electrical connection. 2. The charger according to claim 1, wherein the secondary plug comprises two-phase plugs, three-phase plugs, round plugs, and flat plugs. 3. The charger according to claim 2, wherein
the accommodating slot is divided into a first accommodating slot and a second accommodating slot by a block therebetween, two pins of the two-phase pin are respectively placed in the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot on both sides of the block, the middle of an outer side of the block is provided with a third receiving slot having an open end, and the third receiving slot is parallel to the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot; the secondary plug comprises a base, pins provided at one end of the base, second conductive elastic sheets provided inside the base, and a snap member provided at the other end of the base; the snap member comprises a first hollow snap block and a second hollow snap block provided on both sides thereof to match the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot, respectively, and a third clamping block provided in the middle and configured to match the third receiving slot; one end of the second conductive elastic sheet is placed in the hollow snap block, and the other end is electrically connected to the pin, wherein the electrical connection between the primary plug and the secondary plug is realized by inserting the pins of the two-phase pin into the hollow snap blocks and engaging the third clamping block into the third receiving slot. 4. The charger according to claim 3, wherein the third receiving slot is configured to have a narrow surface layer and a wide inner layer, and the third clamping block is configured to have a wide outer layer and a narrow inner layer. 5. The charger according to claim 4, wherein a stopper opening is provided transverse to the third receiving slot at the bottom of the third receiving slot, and a stopper protrusion is provided transverse to the third clamping block at the top of the third clamping block, and the stopper opening is snap-fitted with the stopper protrusion. 6. The charger according to claim 3, wherein one end of the two-phase pin is fixed by a fastening member, wherein
the fastening member comprises two insulation fastening blocks provided on both sides and a connecting rod connecting the two insulation fastening blocks, and the two pins of the two-phase pin are respectively inserted into the two insulation fastening blocks, and pass through and protrude from the insulation fastening block; at an end far from the open end of the accommodating slot, a retention slot is provided at the bottom of the block and the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot are provided with mounting openings; and the two-phase pin is placed in the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot by inserting into the mounting openings, the connecting rod is placed in the retention slot, the fixed connection of the outer plug housing and the inner plug housing further constrains the connecting rod within the retention slot, and a portion of the two-phase pin protruding from the insulation fastening block abuts against the first conductive elastic sheet. 7. The charger according to claim 5, wherein one end of the two-phase pin is fixed by a fastening member, wherein
the fastening member comprises two insulation fastening blocks provided on both sides and a connecting rod connecting the two insulation fastening blocks, and the two pins of the two-phase pin are respectively inserted into the two insulation fastening blocks, and pass through and protrude from the insulation fastening block; at an end far from the open end of the accommodating slot, a retention slot is provided at the bottom of the block and the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot are provided with mounting openings; and the two-phase pin is placed in the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot by inserting into the mounting openings, the connecting rod is placed in the retention slot, the fixed connection of the outer plug housing and the inner plug housing further constrains the connecting rod within the retention slot, and a portion of the two-phase pin protruding from the insulation fastening block abuts against the first conductive elastic sheet. 8. The charger according to claim 6, wherein two ends of the first conductive elastic sheet are bent, and a middle section of the first conductive elastic sheet is flat, the first conductive elastic sheet is provided with holes, wherein the middle section is sandwiched and fixed between the outer plug housing and the inner plug housing, and one end of the first conductive elastic sheet is fixedly connected to the circuit board by screw. 9. The charger according to claim 7, wherein two ends of the first conductive elastic sheet are bent, and a middle section of the first conductive elastic sheet is flat, the first conductive elastic sheet is provided with holes, wherein the middle section is sandwiched and fixed between the outer plug housing and the inner plug housing, and one end of the first conductive elastic sheet is fixedly connected to the circuit board by screw. 10. The charger according to claim 8, wherein the other end of the first conductive elastic sheet is bent outwardly in a certain angle, the two-phase pin is rotatable about the retention slot, and the two-phase pin and the first conductive elastic sheet are always electrically connected when the two-phase pin is switched between a first position and a second position, wherein
in the first position, the two-phase pin is received in the accommodating slot, and one end of the two-phase pin abuts a bent section of the first conductive elastic sheet; and in the second position, the two-phase pin is perpendicular to the first end, and one end of the two-phase pin abuts the middle section of the first conductive elastic sheet. 11. The charger according to claim 9, wherein the other end of the first conductive elastic sheet is bent outwardly in a certain angle, the two-phase pin is rotatable about the retention slot, and the two-phase pin and the first conductive elastic sheet are always electrically connected when the two-phase pin is switched between a first position and a second position, wherein
in the first position, the two-phase pin is received in the accommodating slot, and one end of the two-phase pin abuts a bent section of the first conductive elastic sheet; and in the second position, the two-phase pin is perpendicular to the first end, and one end of the two-phase pin abuts the middle section of the first conductive elastic sheet. 12. The charger according to claim 3, wherein two latching slots flush in height is provided at a lower end of inner sidewalls of the outer shell, and both sides of the lower cover are latched into the latching slots, such that the outer shell is fixed relative to received internal structures. 13. The charger according to claim 10, wherein two latching slots flush in height is provided at a lower end of inner sidewalls of the outer shell, and both sides of the lower cover are latched into the latching slots, such that the outer shell is fixed relative to received internal structures. 14. The charger according to claim 11, wherein two latching slots flush in height is provided at a lower end of inner sidewalls of the outer shell, and both sides of the lower cover are latched into the latching slots, such that the outer shell is fixed relative to received internal structures. 15. The charger according to claim 3, wherein the first end of the outer shell is provided with clamping slots circumferentially, an inner side of the primary plug is provided with a plurality of fastening blocks circumferentially, and the primary plug is snap-fitted with the outer shell through the fastening blocks and the clamping slots. 16. The charger according to claim 10, wherein the first end of the outer shell is provided with clamping slots circumferentially, an inner side of the primary plug is provided with a plurality of fastening blocks circumferentially, and the primary plug is snap-fitted with the outer shell through the fastening blocks and the clamping slots. 17. The charger according to claim 11, wherein the first end of the outer shell is provided with clamping slots circumferentially, an inner side of the primary plug is provided with a plurality of fastening blocks circumferentially, and the primary plug is snap-fitted with the outer shell through the fastening blocks and the clamping slots. 18. The charger according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of the charging ports can be provided, correspondingly, a plurality of the receiving ports corresponding thereto are provided, and the charging ports comprise USB charging ports and Type-C charging ports. 19. The charger according to claim 10, wherein a plurality of the charging ports can be provided, correspondingly, a plurality of the receiving ports corresponding thereto are provided, and the charging ports comprise USB charging ports and Type-C charging ports. 20. The charger according to claim 11, wherein a plurality of the charging ports can be provided, correspondingly, a plurality of the receiving ports corresponding thereto are provided, and the charging ports comprise USB charging ports and Type-C charging ports. | A user-friendly charger is provided, including an outer shell, a circuit board, an upper cover, a lower cover, a primary plug and a plurality of secondary plugs. The outer shell has an open first end and a second end opposite to the first end, and a receiving chamber is provided inside the outer shell. The circuit board is located inside the receiving chamber. The primary plug is configured to cover the first end of the outer shell; one end of the first conductive elastic sheet is in abutment against the two-phase pin, and the other end thereof is connected to the circuit board. The two-phase pin is rotatably connected to the outer plug housing of the primary plug, and the two-phase pin is configured to be accommodated into the accommodating slot and engaged with the secondary plug, thereby achieving stable and safe electrical connection.1. A user-friendly charger, comprising an outer shell, a circuit board, an upper cover, a lower cover, a primary plug and a plurality of secondary plugs,
wherein the outer shell has an open first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the second end is provided with a receiving port on an end face, the outer shell is provided with an opening in a side adjacent to the first end, and a receiving chamber is provided inside the outer shell; the circuit board is fixed by the upper cover and the lower cover, and is located inside the receiving chamber; a charging port is fixedly disposed at the circuit board, and the charging port is inserted into the receiving port such that outer edge of the charging port is in flush with the end face of the second end; the primary plug comprises an outer plug housing, an inner plug housing, a two-phase pin, and two first conductive elastic sheets, and an outer side of the outer plug housing is provided with an accommodating slot having an open end; the primary plug is configured to cover the first end of the outer shell, and the open end of the accommodating slot matches the opening of the outer shell; the first conductive elastic sheets are sandwiched between the outer plug housing and the inner plug housing, with one end of the first conductive elastic sheet being in abutment against the two-phase pin, and the other end thereof being connected to the circuit board; and the two-phase pin is rotatably connected to the outer plug housing, and the two-phase pin is configured to be accommodated into the accommodating slot and engaged with the secondary plug, thereby achieving electrical connection. 2. The charger according to claim 1, wherein the secondary plug comprises two-phase plugs, three-phase plugs, round plugs, and flat plugs. 3. The charger according to claim 2, wherein
the accommodating slot is divided into a first accommodating slot and a second accommodating slot by a block therebetween, two pins of the two-phase pin are respectively placed in the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot on both sides of the block, the middle of an outer side of the block is provided with a third receiving slot having an open end, and the third receiving slot is parallel to the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot; the secondary plug comprises a base, pins provided at one end of the base, second conductive elastic sheets provided inside the base, and a snap member provided at the other end of the base; the snap member comprises a first hollow snap block and a second hollow snap block provided on both sides thereof to match the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot, respectively, and a third clamping block provided in the middle and configured to match the third receiving slot; one end of the second conductive elastic sheet is placed in the hollow snap block, and the other end is electrically connected to the pin, wherein the electrical connection between the primary plug and the secondary plug is realized by inserting the pins of the two-phase pin into the hollow snap blocks and engaging the third clamping block into the third receiving slot. 4. The charger according to claim 3, wherein the third receiving slot is configured to have a narrow surface layer and a wide inner layer, and the third clamping block is configured to have a wide outer layer and a narrow inner layer. 5. The charger according to claim 4, wherein a stopper opening is provided transverse to the third receiving slot at the bottom of the third receiving slot, and a stopper protrusion is provided transverse to the third clamping block at the top of the third clamping block, and the stopper opening is snap-fitted with the stopper protrusion. 6. The charger according to claim 3, wherein one end of the two-phase pin is fixed by a fastening member, wherein
the fastening member comprises two insulation fastening blocks provided on both sides and a connecting rod connecting the two insulation fastening blocks, and the two pins of the two-phase pin are respectively inserted into the two insulation fastening blocks, and pass through and protrude from the insulation fastening block; at an end far from the open end of the accommodating slot, a retention slot is provided at the bottom of the block and the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot are provided with mounting openings; and the two-phase pin is placed in the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot by inserting into the mounting openings, the connecting rod is placed in the retention slot, the fixed connection of the outer plug housing and the inner plug housing further constrains the connecting rod within the retention slot, and a portion of the two-phase pin protruding from the insulation fastening block abuts against the first conductive elastic sheet. 7. The charger according to claim 5, wherein one end of the two-phase pin is fixed by a fastening member, wherein
the fastening member comprises two insulation fastening blocks provided on both sides and a connecting rod connecting the two insulation fastening blocks, and the two pins of the two-phase pin are respectively inserted into the two insulation fastening blocks, and pass through and protrude from the insulation fastening block; at an end far from the open end of the accommodating slot, a retention slot is provided at the bottom of the block and the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot are provided with mounting openings; and the two-phase pin is placed in the first accommodating slot and the second accommodating slot by inserting into the mounting openings, the connecting rod is placed in the retention slot, the fixed connection of the outer plug housing and the inner plug housing further constrains the connecting rod within the retention slot, and a portion of the two-phase pin protruding from the insulation fastening block abuts against the first conductive elastic sheet. 8. The charger according to claim 6, wherein two ends of the first conductive elastic sheet are bent, and a middle section of the first conductive elastic sheet is flat, the first conductive elastic sheet is provided with holes, wherein the middle section is sandwiched and fixed between the outer plug housing and the inner plug housing, and one end of the first conductive elastic sheet is fixedly connected to the circuit board by screw. 9. The charger according to claim 7, wherein two ends of the first conductive elastic sheet are bent, and a middle section of the first conductive elastic sheet is flat, the first conductive elastic sheet is provided with holes, wherein the middle section is sandwiched and fixed between the outer plug housing and the inner plug housing, and one end of the first conductive elastic sheet is fixedly connected to the circuit board by screw. 10. The charger according to claim 8, wherein the other end of the first conductive elastic sheet is bent outwardly in a certain angle, the two-phase pin is rotatable about the retention slot, and the two-phase pin and the first conductive elastic sheet are always electrically connected when the two-phase pin is switched between a first position and a second position, wherein
in the first position, the two-phase pin is received in the accommodating slot, and one end of the two-phase pin abuts a bent section of the first conductive elastic sheet; and in the second position, the two-phase pin is perpendicular to the first end, and one end of the two-phase pin abuts the middle section of the first conductive elastic sheet. 11. The charger according to claim 9, wherein the other end of the first conductive elastic sheet is bent outwardly in a certain angle, the two-phase pin is rotatable about the retention slot, and the two-phase pin and the first conductive elastic sheet are always electrically connected when the two-phase pin is switched between a first position and a second position, wherein
in the first position, the two-phase pin is received in the accommodating slot, and one end of the two-phase pin abuts a bent section of the first conductive elastic sheet; and in the second position, the two-phase pin is perpendicular to the first end, and one end of the two-phase pin abuts the middle section of the first conductive elastic sheet. 12. The charger according to claim 3, wherein two latching slots flush in height is provided at a lower end of inner sidewalls of the outer shell, and both sides of the lower cover are latched into the latching slots, such that the outer shell is fixed relative to received internal structures. 13. The charger according to claim 10, wherein two latching slots flush in height is provided at a lower end of inner sidewalls of the outer shell, and both sides of the lower cover are latched into the latching slots, such that the outer shell is fixed relative to received internal structures. 14. The charger according to claim 11, wherein two latching slots flush in height is provided at a lower end of inner sidewalls of the outer shell, and both sides of the lower cover are latched into the latching slots, such that the outer shell is fixed relative to received internal structures. 15. The charger according to claim 3, wherein the first end of the outer shell is provided with clamping slots circumferentially, an inner side of the primary plug is provided with a plurality of fastening blocks circumferentially, and the primary plug is snap-fitted with the outer shell through the fastening blocks and the clamping slots. 16. The charger according to claim 10, wherein the first end of the outer shell is provided with clamping slots circumferentially, an inner side of the primary plug is provided with a plurality of fastening blocks circumferentially, and the primary plug is snap-fitted with the outer shell through the fastening blocks and the clamping slots. 17. The charger according to claim 11, wherein the first end of the outer shell is provided with clamping slots circumferentially, an inner side of the primary plug is provided with a plurality of fastening blocks circumferentially, and the primary plug is snap-fitted with the outer shell through the fastening blocks and the clamping slots. 18. The charger according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of the charging ports can be provided, correspondingly, a plurality of the receiving ports corresponding thereto are provided, and the charging ports comprise USB charging ports and Type-C charging ports. 19. The charger according to claim 10, wherein a plurality of the charging ports can be provided, correspondingly, a plurality of the receiving ports corresponding thereto are provided, and the charging ports comprise USB charging ports and Type-C charging ports. 20. The charger according to claim 11, wherein a plurality of the charging ports can be provided, correspondingly, a plurality of the receiving ports corresponding thereto are provided, and the charging ports comprise USB charging ports and Type-C charging ports. | 2,800 |
339,718 | 16,800,647 | 2,833 | An operating system of a mobile device defines an interface for an MDM to ensure security of the device. A private personal MDM (PPMDM) instead interfaces with the operating systems and one or more enterprise MDMs (EMDM) implement security policies through the PPMDM subject to user control. Data may be flagged as associated with an EMDM based on source or location to enable deletion due to theft or disassociation with an enterprise. Blocks or threat detection according to an EMDM policy may be reported to an EMDM in a non-invasive manner. | 1. A method comprising:
executing, on a device, a private personal mobile device management module (PPMDM); receiving, by the private personal mobile device management module, an enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy representing requested access to a first resource and a second resource of the device by a mobile device management software (MDM); permitting by the private personal mobile device management module (PPMDM) access to the first resource requested via the enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy by the mobile device management software (MDM); and providing, by the private personal mobile device management module (PPMDM), an alternative resource in response to the access request access to the second resource requested via the enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy by the mobile device management software (MDM). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the EMDM policy comprises receiving executable code programmed to implement the EMDM policy. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing an enterprise application installed on the device, the enterprise application being associated with the EMDM policy; providing a personal application installed on the device and not associated with the EMDM policy; managing, by the PPMDM module, the enterprise application according to the EMDM policy; and refraining, by the PPMDM module, from managing the personal application according to the EMDM policy. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
detecting, by the PPMDM module, a network connection violating the EMDM policy; and in response to detecting the network connection violating the EMDM policy, blocking access to the network connection by the enterprise application while allowing access to the network connection by the personal application. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing an enterprise data stored on the device, the enterprise data being associated with the EMDM policy; providing a personal data stored on the device and not associated with the EMDM policy; managing, by the PPMDM module, the enterprise data according to the EMDM policy; and refraining, by the PPMDM module, from managing the personal data according to the EMDM policy. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining, by the PPMDM module, that data associated with the EMDM policy should be deleted; in response to determining, by the PPMDM module, that data associated with the EMDM policy should be deleted, deleting the enterprise data without deleting the personal data. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining that the data associated with the EMDM policy should be deleted comprises determining that the device has been stolen and that the EMDM policy requires wiping of the device in response to determining that the device has been stolen. 8. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
providing an enterprise application installed on the device; associating, by the PPMDM module, the enterprise application with the EMDM policy on the device; and flagging, by the PPMDM module, data received by the enterprise application as the enterprise data. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein the EMDM policy specifies a zone, the method further comprising:
detecting, by the PPMDM module, location of the device in the zone; detecting, by the PPMDM module, capture of sensor data using the device while the device is in the zone; and flagging, by the PPMDM module, the sensor data as enterprise data in response to detecting capture of the sensor data while the device is in the zone. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the EMDM policy specifies a zone and a location-specific security policy associated with the zone, the method further comprising:
detecting, by the PPMDM module, location of the device in the zone; and in response to detecting location of the device in the zone, implementing, by the PPMDM module, the location-specific security policy. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the location-specific security policy requires disabling of one or more sensors of the device. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the EMDM policy specifies blocking of access to a plurality of unsafe resources, the method further comprising:
detecting, by the PPMDM module, an attempt to access one or more unsafe resources of the plurality of unsafe resources; blocking, by the PPMDM module the attempt to access the one or more unsafe resources; providing, by the PPMDM module, a report of the attempt to an enterprise server, the report not identifying the one or more unsafe resources. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more unsafe resources include a uniform resource locator (URL). 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the EMDM policy is a first EMDM policy and received from a first enterprise server, the method further comprising:
receiving, by the PPMDM module, a second EMDM policy from a second enterprise server; and implementing, by the PPMDM module, a combination of the first EMDM policy and the second EMDM policy subject to control of the user. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein implementing the combination of the first EMDM policy and the second EMDM policy comprises implementing restrictions from both of the first EMDM policy and the second EMDM policy. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
associating, by the PPMDM module, a first enterprise application with the first EMDM policy; associating, by the PPMDM module, a second enterprise application with the second EMDM policy; implementing, by the PPMDM module, the first EMDM policy while the first enterprise application is in use; and implementing, by the PPMDM module, the second EMDM policy while the second enterprise application is in use. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first EMDM policy includes a first requirement and the second EMDM policy includes a second requirement, the method further comprising:
associating, by the PPMDM module, a first enterprise application with the first EMDM policy; associating, by the PPMDM module, a second enterprise application with the second EMDM policy; determining, by the PPMDM module, that the first requirement is in conflict with the second requirement; in response to determining that the first requirement is in conflict with the second requirement:
implementing, by the PPMDM module, the first EMDM policy while the first enterprise application is in use; and
implementing, by the PPMDM module, the second EMDM policy while the second enterprise application is in use. 18. A mobile device comprising:
one or more processing devices; one or more memory devices coupled to the one or more processing devices, the one or more memory devices storing executable code that, when executed by the one or more processing devices, causes the one or more processing devices to: execute an operating system on the one or more processing devices, the operating system defining a mobile device management (MDM) interface enabling remote management of security of the device; execute a private personal mobile device management (PPMDM) module executing on the device, the mobile device management (MDM) interface being exclusively coupled to the private personal mobile device management (PPMDM) module, the private personal mobile device management (PPMDM) module being under exclusive control of a user of the device; receive, by the private personal mobile device management (PPMDM) module, an enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy from an enterprise server; and implement, by the private personal mobile device management (PPMDM) module, the enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy using the mobile device management (MDM)interface subject to control of the user. 19. The mobile device of claim 18, wherein receiving the enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy comprises executable code programmed to implement the enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy subject to control of the private personal mobile device management (PPMDM) module. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing executable code that, when executed by one or more processing devices, causes the one or more processing devices to:
interface with a mobile device management (MDM) interface enabling remote management of security of a device including the one or more processing devices, the mobile device management (MDM) interface being defined by an operating system executing on the device; receive an enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy from an enterprise server; and implement the enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy using the mobile device management (MDM) interface subject to control of the user of the device. | An operating system of a mobile device defines an interface for an MDM to ensure security of the device. A private personal MDM (PPMDM) instead interfaces with the operating systems and one or more enterprise MDMs (EMDM) implement security policies through the PPMDM subject to user control. Data may be flagged as associated with an EMDM based on source or location to enable deletion due to theft or disassociation with an enterprise. Blocks or threat detection according to an EMDM policy may be reported to an EMDM in a non-invasive manner.1. A method comprising:
executing, on a device, a private personal mobile device management module (PPMDM); receiving, by the private personal mobile device management module, an enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy representing requested access to a first resource and a second resource of the device by a mobile device management software (MDM); permitting by the private personal mobile device management module (PPMDM) access to the first resource requested via the enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy by the mobile device management software (MDM); and providing, by the private personal mobile device management module (PPMDM), an alternative resource in response to the access request access to the second resource requested via the enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy by the mobile device management software (MDM). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the EMDM policy comprises receiving executable code programmed to implement the EMDM policy. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing an enterprise application installed on the device, the enterprise application being associated with the EMDM policy; providing a personal application installed on the device and not associated with the EMDM policy; managing, by the PPMDM module, the enterprise application according to the EMDM policy; and refraining, by the PPMDM module, from managing the personal application according to the EMDM policy. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
detecting, by the PPMDM module, a network connection violating the EMDM policy; and in response to detecting the network connection violating the EMDM policy, blocking access to the network connection by the enterprise application while allowing access to the network connection by the personal application. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing an enterprise data stored on the device, the enterprise data being associated with the EMDM policy; providing a personal data stored on the device and not associated with the EMDM policy; managing, by the PPMDM module, the enterprise data according to the EMDM policy; and refraining, by the PPMDM module, from managing the personal data according to the EMDM policy. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
determining, by the PPMDM module, that data associated with the EMDM policy should be deleted; in response to determining, by the PPMDM module, that data associated with the EMDM policy should be deleted, deleting the enterprise data without deleting the personal data. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining that the data associated with the EMDM policy should be deleted comprises determining that the device has been stolen and that the EMDM policy requires wiping of the device in response to determining that the device has been stolen. 8. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
providing an enterprise application installed on the device; associating, by the PPMDM module, the enterprise application with the EMDM policy on the device; and flagging, by the PPMDM module, data received by the enterprise application as the enterprise data. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein the EMDM policy specifies a zone, the method further comprising:
detecting, by the PPMDM module, location of the device in the zone; detecting, by the PPMDM module, capture of sensor data using the device while the device is in the zone; and flagging, by the PPMDM module, the sensor data as enterprise data in response to detecting capture of the sensor data while the device is in the zone. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the EMDM policy specifies a zone and a location-specific security policy associated with the zone, the method further comprising:
detecting, by the PPMDM module, location of the device in the zone; and in response to detecting location of the device in the zone, implementing, by the PPMDM module, the location-specific security policy. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the location-specific security policy requires disabling of one or more sensors of the device. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the EMDM policy specifies blocking of access to a plurality of unsafe resources, the method further comprising:
detecting, by the PPMDM module, an attempt to access one or more unsafe resources of the plurality of unsafe resources; blocking, by the PPMDM module the attempt to access the one or more unsafe resources; providing, by the PPMDM module, a report of the attempt to an enterprise server, the report not identifying the one or more unsafe resources. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more unsafe resources include a uniform resource locator (URL). 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the EMDM policy is a first EMDM policy and received from a first enterprise server, the method further comprising:
receiving, by the PPMDM module, a second EMDM policy from a second enterprise server; and implementing, by the PPMDM module, a combination of the first EMDM policy and the second EMDM policy subject to control of the user. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein implementing the combination of the first EMDM policy and the second EMDM policy comprises implementing restrictions from both of the first EMDM policy and the second EMDM policy. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
associating, by the PPMDM module, a first enterprise application with the first EMDM policy; associating, by the PPMDM module, a second enterprise application with the second EMDM policy; implementing, by the PPMDM module, the first EMDM policy while the first enterprise application is in use; and implementing, by the PPMDM module, the second EMDM policy while the second enterprise application is in use. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first EMDM policy includes a first requirement and the second EMDM policy includes a second requirement, the method further comprising:
associating, by the PPMDM module, a first enterprise application with the first EMDM policy; associating, by the PPMDM module, a second enterprise application with the second EMDM policy; determining, by the PPMDM module, that the first requirement is in conflict with the second requirement; in response to determining that the first requirement is in conflict with the second requirement:
implementing, by the PPMDM module, the first EMDM policy while the first enterprise application is in use; and
implementing, by the PPMDM module, the second EMDM policy while the second enterprise application is in use. 18. A mobile device comprising:
one or more processing devices; one or more memory devices coupled to the one or more processing devices, the one or more memory devices storing executable code that, when executed by the one or more processing devices, causes the one or more processing devices to: execute an operating system on the one or more processing devices, the operating system defining a mobile device management (MDM) interface enabling remote management of security of the device; execute a private personal mobile device management (PPMDM) module executing on the device, the mobile device management (MDM) interface being exclusively coupled to the private personal mobile device management (PPMDM) module, the private personal mobile device management (PPMDM) module being under exclusive control of a user of the device; receive, by the private personal mobile device management (PPMDM) module, an enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy from an enterprise server; and implement, by the private personal mobile device management (PPMDM) module, the enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy using the mobile device management (MDM)interface subject to control of the user. 19. The mobile device of claim 18, wherein receiving the enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy comprises executable code programmed to implement the enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy subject to control of the private personal mobile device management (PPMDM) module. 20. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing executable code that, when executed by one or more processing devices, causes the one or more processing devices to:
interface with a mobile device management (MDM) interface enabling remote management of security of a device including the one or more processing devices, the mobile device management (MDM) interface being defined by an operating system executing on the device; receive an enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy from an enterprise server; and implement the enterprise mobile device management (EMDM) policy using the mobile device management (MDM) interface subject to control of the user of the device. | 2,800 |
339,719 | 16,800,672 | 2,833 | A semiconductor integrated circuit includes: a semiconductor monocrystalline region; an insulating film provided on a main surface of the semiconductor monocrystalline region; a conductive layer having a rectangular shape provided on the insulating film and including at least a polycrystalline layer of p-type; electric-field relaxing layers having a lower specific resistivity than the conductive layer and each including a polycrystalline layer of n-type so as to be arranged on both sides of the conductive layer in a direction perpendicular to a current-flowing direction; a high-potential-side electrode in ohmic contact with the conductive layer at one end of the conductive layer in the current-flowing direction; and a low-potential-side electrode in ohmic contact with the conductive layer and the respective electric-field relaxing layers at another end of the conductive layer opposed to the one end in the current-flowing direction, and having a lower potential than the high-potential-side electrode. | 1. A semiconductor integrated circuit comprising:
a semiconductor monocrystalline region; an insulating film provided on a main surface of the semiconductor monocrystalline region; a conductive layer having a rectangular shape provided on the insulating film and including at least a polycrystalline layer of p-type; electric-field relaxing layers having a lower specific resistivity than the conductive layer and each including a polycrystalline layer of n-type so as to be arranged on both sides of the conductive layer in a direction perpendicular to a current-flowing direction; a high-potential-side electrode in ohmic contact with the conductive layer at one end of the conductive layer in the current-flowing direction; and a low-potential-side electrode in ohmic contact with the conductive layer and the respective electric-field relaxing layers at another end of the conductive layer opposed to the one end in the current-flowing direction, and having a lower potential than the high-potential-side electrode. 2. The semiconductor integrated circuit of claim 1, further comprising buffer layers each including a polycrystalline layer having a higher specific resistivity than the conductive layer and interposed between the conductive layer and the respective electric-field relaxing layers. 3. The semiconductor integrated circuit of claim 2, wherein:
the conductive layer is provided with polycrystalline layers of p-type and polycrystalline layers of n-type alternately arranged to provide p-n junctions implementing a series connection of diodes in the current-flowing direction such that the p-type polycrystalline layers are arranged at both ends in the current-flowing direction; and the high-potential-side electrode and the low-potential-side electrode are in ohmic contact with the p-type polycrystalline layers. 4. The semiconductor integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein a semiconductor region of n-type is provided in the semiconductor monocrystalline region under a middle portion of the conductive layer, and a semiconductor region of p-type is provided in the semiconductor monocrystalline region under the one end of the conductive layer. 5. A semiconductor integrated circuit comprising:
a semiconductor monocrystalline region; an insulating film provided on a main surface of the semiconductor monocrystalline region; a conductive layer having a rectangular shape provided on the insulating film and including a polycrystalline layer of n-type; buffer layers each including a polycrystalline layer having a higher specific resistivity than the conductive layer so as to be arranged on both sides of the conductive layer in a direction perpendicular to a current-flowing direction; electric-field relaxing layers having a lower specific resistivity than the conductive layer and each including a polycrystalline layer of n-type so as to be arranged on both sides of the respective buffer layers in the direction perpendicular to the current-flowing direction; a high-potential-side electrode in ohmic contact with the conductive layer at one end of the conductive layer in the current-flowing direction; and a low-potential-side electrode in ohmic contact with the conductive layer and the respective electric-field relaxing layers at another end of the conductive layer opposed to the one end in the current-flowing direction, and having a lower potential than the high-potential-side electrode. 6. The semiconductor integrated circuit of claim 5, wherein a semiconductor region of n-type is provided in the semiconductor monocrystalline region under a middle portion of the conductive layer, and a semiconductor region of p-type is provided in the semiconductor monocrystalline region under the one end of the conductive layer. | A semiconductor integrated circuit includes: a semiconductor monocrystalline region; an insulating film provided on a main surface of the semiconductor monocrystalline region; a conductive layer having a rectangular shape provided on the insulating film and including at least a polycrystalline layer of p-type; electric-field relaxing layers having a lower specific resistivity than the conductive layer and each including a polycrystalline layer of n-type so as to be arranged on both sides of the conductive layer in a direction perpendicular to a current-flowing direction; a high-potential-side electrode in ohmic contact with the conductive layer at one end of the conductive layer in the current-flowing direction; and a low-potential-side electrode in ohmic contact with the conductive layer and the respective electric-field relaxing layers at another end of the conductive layer opposed to the one end in the current-flowing direction, and having a lower potential than the high-potential-side electrode.1. A semiconductor integrated circuit comprising:
a semiconductor monocrystalline region; an insulating film provided on a main surface of the semiconductor monocrystalline region; a conductive layer having a rectangular shape provided on the insulating film and including at least a polycrystalline layer of p-type; electric-field relaxing layers having a lower specific resistivity than the conductive layer and each including a polycrystalline layer of n-type so as to be arranged on both sides of the conductive layer in a direction perpendicular to a current-flowing direction; a high-potential-side electrode in ohmic contact with the conductive layer at one end of the conductive layer in the current-flowing direction; and a low-potential-side electrode in ohmic contact with the conductive layer and the respective electric-field relaxing layers at another end of the conductive layer opposed to the one end in the current-flowing direction, and having a lower potential than the high-potential-side electrode. 2. The semiconductor integrated circuit of claim 1, further comprising buffer layers each including a polycrystalline layer having a higher specific resistivity than the conductive layer and interposed between the conductive layer and the respective electric-field relaxing layers. 3. The semiconductor integrated circuit of claim 2, wherein:
the conductive layer is provided with polycrystalline layers of p-type and polycrystalline layers of n-type alternately arranged to provide p-n junctions implementing a series connection of diodes in the current-flowing direction such that the p-type polycrystalline layers are arranged at both ends in the current-flowing direction; and the high-potential-side electrode and the low-potential-side electrode are in ohmic contact with the p-type polycrystalline layers. 4. The semiconductor integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein a semiconductor region of n-type is provided in the semiconductor monocrystalline region under a middle portion of the conductive layer, and a semiconductor region of p-type is provided in the semiconductor monocrystalline region under the one end of the conductive layer. 5. A semiconductor integrated circuit comprising:
a semiconductor monocrystalline region; an insulating film provided on a main surface of the semiconductor monocrystalline region; a conductive layer having a rectangular shape provided on the insulating film and including a polycrystalline layer of n-type; buffer layers each including a polycrystalline layer having a higher specific resistivity than the conductive layer so as to be arranged on both sides of the conductive layer in a direction perpendicular to a current-flowing direction; electric-field relaxing layers having a lower specific resistivity than the conductive layer and each including a polycrystalline layer of n-type so as to be arranged on both sides of the respective buffer layers in the direction perpendicular to the current-flowing direction; a high-potential-side electrode in ohmic contact with the conductive layer at one end of the conductive layer in the current-flowing direction; and a low-potential-side electrode in ohmic contact with the conductive layer and the respective electric-field relaxing layers at another end of the conductive layer opposed to the one end in the current-flowing direction, and having a lower potential than the high-potential-side electrode. 6. The semiconductor integrated circuit of claim 5, wherein a semiconductor region of n-type is provided in the semiconductor monocrystalline region under a middle portion of the conductive layer, and a semiconductor region of p-type is provided in the semiconductor monocrystalline region under the one end of the conductive layer. | 2,800 |
339,720 | 16,800,600 | 2,833 | Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) can be effectively allocated and utilized by base stations and mobile stations. In an exemplary embodiment, a mobile station receives from a base station an allocation of a first set channel resource groups. The base station assigns a second set of channel resource groups. The mobile station decodes, based on the second set of channel resource groups, one or more channel resources to transmit messages to the base station. A benefit of the disclosed exemplary embodiments is that a base station can dynamically assign channel resources to a mobile station. | 1. A wireless communication method performed in a base station, the method comprising:
transmitting an indication of channel resource sets allocated to a mobile station,
wherein each channel resource set comprising at least one channel resource,
wherein one or more channel resources in a first channel resource set is configured to carry up to two bits, and
wherein one or more channel resources in a second channel resource set is configured to carry more than two bits; and
receiving, from the mobile station, a message using a channel resource from one of the first channel resource set and the second channel resource set. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein the channel resource sets include physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource sets, and wherein the one or more channel resources includes one or more PUCCH resources. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting to the mobile station a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one channel resource set, wherein the RRC message includes a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format type, a PUCCH length, a starting symbol index, and frequency hopping enable or disable information. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the RRC message further includes a cyclic shift index and a time domain orthogonal cover code (OCC). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the message includes an acknowledgement (ACK) message or a non-acknowledgement (NACK) message. 6. A wireless communication method, comprising:
receiving, by a mobile station, an indication of channel resource sets allocated to the mobile station,
wherein each channel resource set comprising at least one channel resource,
wherein one or more channel resources in a first channel resource set is configured to carry up to two bits, and
wherein one or more channel resources in a second channel resource set is configured to carry more than two bits; and
transmitting, by the mobile station, a message using a channel resource from either the first channel resource set or the second channel resource set. 7. The method of claim 6,
wherein the channel resource sets include physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource sets, and wherein the one or more channel resources includes one or more PUCCH resources. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving, by the mobile station, a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one channel resource set, wherein the RRC message includes a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format type, a PUCCH length, a starting symbol index, and frequency hopping enable or disable information. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the RRC message further includes a cyclic shift index and a time domain orthogonal cover code (OCC). 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the message includes an acknowledgement (ACK) message or a non-acknowledgement (NACK) message. 11. A non-transitory computer readable program storage medium having code stored thereon, the code when executed by a processor, causing the processor to implement a method comprising:
transmitting an indication of channel resource sets allocated to a mobile station,
wherein each channel resource set comprising at least one channel resource,
wherein one or more channel resources in a first channel resource set is configured to carry up to two bits, and
wherein one or more channel resources in a second channel resource set is configured to carry more than two bits; and
receiving, from the mobile station, a message using a channel resource from one of the first channel resource set and the second channel resource set. 12. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 11,
wherein the channel resource sets include physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource sets, and wherein the one or more channel resources includes one or more PUCCH resources. 13. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 11, further comprising:
transmitting to the mobile station a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one channel resource set, wherein the RRC message includes a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format type, a PUCCH length, a starting symbol index, and frequency hopping enable or disable information. 14. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 13, wherein the RRC message further includes a cyclic shift index and a time domain orthogonal cover code (OCC). 15. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 11, wherein the message includes an acknowledgement (ACK) message or a non-acknowledgement (NACK) message. 16. An apparatus, comprising:
a processor, and a memory having instructions stored thereupon, the instructions upon execution by the processor configure a mobile station to: receive an indication of channel resource sets allocated to the mobile station,
wherein each channel resource set comprising at least one channel resource,
wherein one or more channel resources in a first channel resource set is configured to carry up to two bits, and
wherein one or more channel resources in a second channel resource set is configured to carry more than two bits; and
transmit a message using a channel resource from either the first channel resource set or the second channel resource set. 17. The apparatus of claim 16,
wherein the channel resource sets include physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource sets, and wherein the one or more channel resources includes one or more PUCCH resources. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one channel resource set, wherein the RRC message includes a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format type, a PUCCH length, a starting symbol index, and frequency hopping enable or disable information. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the RRC message further includes a cyclic shift index and a time domain orthogonal cover code (OCC). 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the message includes an acknowledgement (ACK) message or a non-acknowledgement (NACK) message. 21. A non-transitory computer readable program storage medium having code stored thereon, the code when executed by a processor, causing the processor to implement a method comprising:
receiving, by a mobile station, an indication of channel resource sets allocated to the mobile station,
wherein each channel resource set comprising at least one channel resource,
wherein one or more channel resources in a first channel resource set is configured to carry up to two bits, and
wherein one or more channel resources in a second channel resource set is configured to carry more than two bits; and
transmitting, by the mobile station, a message using a channel resource from either the first channel resource set or the second channel resource set. 22. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 21,
wherein the channel resource sets include physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource sets, and wherein the one or more channel resources includes one or more PUCCH resources. 23. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 21, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, by the mobile station, a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one channel resource set, wherein the RRC message includes a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format type, a PUCCH length, a starting symbol index, and frequency hopping enable or disable information. 24. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 23, wherein the RRC message further includes a cyclic shift index and a time domain orthogonal cover code (OCC). 25. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 21, wherein the message includes an acknowledgement (ACK) message or a non-acknowledgement (NACK) message. | Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) can be effectively allocated and utilized by base stations and mobile stations. In an exemplary embodiment, a mobile station receives from a base station an allocation of a first set channel resource groups. The base station assigns a second set of channel resource groups. The mobile station decodes, based on the second set of channel resource groups, one or more channel resources to transmit messages to the base station. A benefit of the disclosed exemplary embodiments is that a base station can dynamically assign channel resources to a mobile station.1. A wireless communication method performed in a base station, the method comprising:
transmitting an indication of channel resource sets allocated to a mobile station,
wherein each channel resource set comprising at least one channel resource,
wherein one or more channel resources in a first channel resource set is configured to carry up to two bits, and
wherein one or more channel resources in a second channel resource set is configured to carry more than two bits; and
receiving, from the mobile station, a message using a channel resource from one of the first channel resource set and the second channel resource set. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein the channel resource sets include physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource sets, and wherein the one or more channel resources includes one or more PUCCH resources. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting to the mobile station a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one channel resource set, wherein the RRC message includes a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format type, a PUCCH length, a starting symbol index, and frequency hopping enable or disable information. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the RRC message further includes a cyclic shift index and a time domain orthogonal cover code (OCC). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the message includes an acknowledgement (ACK) message or a non-acknowledgement (NACK) message. 6. A wireless communication method, comprising:
receiving, by a mobile station, an indication of channel resource sets allocated to the mobile station,
wherein each channel resource set comprising at least one channel resource,
wherein one or more channel resources in a first channel resource set is configured to carry up to two bits, and
wherein one or more channel resources in a second channel resource set is configured to carry more than two bits; and
transmitting, by the mobile station, a message using a channel resource from either the first channel resource set or the second channel resource set. 7. The method of claim 6,
wherein the channel resource sets include physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource sets, and wherein the one or more channel resources includes one or more PUCCH resources. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving, by the mobile station, a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one channel resource set, wherein the RRC message includes a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format type, a PUCCH length, a starting symbol index, and frequency hopping enable or disable information. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the RRC message further includes a cyclic shift index and a time domain orthogonal cover code (OCC). 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the message includes an acknowledgement (ACK) message or a non-acknowledgement (NACK) message. 11. A non-transitory computer readable program storage medium having code stored thereon, the code when executed by a processor, causing the processor to implement a method comprising:
transmitting an indication of channel resource sets allocated to a mobile station,
wherein each channel resource set comprising at least one channel resource,
wherein one or more channel resources in a first channel resource set is configured to carry up to two bits, and
wherein one or more channel resources in a second channel resource set is configured to carry more than two bits; and
receiving, from the mobile station, a message using a channel resource from one of the first channel resource set and the second channel resource set. 12. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 11,
wherein the channel resource sets include physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource sets, and wherein the one or more channel resources includes one or more PUCCH resources. 13. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 11, further comprising:
transmitting to the mobile station a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one channel resource set, wherein the RRC message includes a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format type, a PUCCH length, a starting symbol index, and frequency hopping enable or disable information. 14. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 13, wherein the RRC message further includes a cyclic shift index and a time domain orthogonal cover code (OCC). 15. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 11, wherein the message includes an acknowledgement (ACK) message or a non-acknowledgement (NACK) message. 16. An apparatus, comprising:
a processor, and a memory having instructions stored thereupon, the instructions upon execution by the processor configure a mobile station to: receive an indication of channel resource sets allocated to the mobile station,
wherein each channel resource set comprising at least one channel resource,
wherein one or more channel resources in a first channel resource set is configured to carry up to two bits, and
wherein one or more channel resources in a second channel resource set is configured to carry more than two bits; and
transmit a message using a channel resource from either the first channel resource set or the second channel resource set. 17. The apparatus of claim 16,
wherein the channel resource sets include physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource sets, and wherein the one or more channel resources includes one or more PUCCH resources. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one channel resource set, wherein the RRC message includes a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format type, a PUCCH length, a starting symbol index, and frequency hopping enable or disable information. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the RRC message further includes a cyclic shift index and a time domain orthogonal cover code (OCC). 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the message includes an acknowledgement (ACK) message or a non-acknowledgement (NACK) message. 21. A non-transitory computer readable program storage medium having code stored thereon, the code when executed by a processor, causing the processor to implement a method comprising:
receiving, by a mobile station, an indication of channel resource sets allocated to the mobile station,
wherein each channel resource set comprising at least one channel resource,
wherein one or more channel resources in a first channel resource set is configured to carry up to two bits, and
wherein one or more channel resources in a second channel resource set is configured to carry more than two bits; and
transmitting, by the mobile station, a message using a channel resource from either the first channel resource set or the second channel resource set. 22. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 21,
wherein the channel resource sets include physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) resource sets, and wherein the one or more channel resources includes one or more PUCCH resources. 23. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 21, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, by the mobile station, a radio resource control (RRC) message comprising at least one channel resource set, wherein the RRC message includes a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format type, a PUCCH length, a starting symbol index, and frequency hopping enable or disable information. 24. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 23, wherein the RRC message further includes a cyclic shift index and a time domain orthogonal cover code (OCC). 25. The non-transitory computer readable program storage medium of claim 21, wherein the message includes an acknowledgement (ACK) message or a non-acknowledgement (NACK) message. | 2,800 |
339,721 | 16,800,683 | 3,747 | A cylinder deactivation system includes an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders, a first catalyst device and a second catalyst device respectively disposed in exhaust passages of the first group cylinders and the second group cylinders, a fuel supply part configured to individually supply a fuel to each cylinder, and a microprocessor. The microprocessor outputs a mode switch instruction from a first mode in which a fuel supply to the cylinders is performed to a second mode in which the fuel supply to the cylinders is stopped, and when the mode switch instruction is output, control the fuel supply part so as to stop the fuel supply to the cylinders in stages. The microprocessor controls the fuel supply part so as to stop a fuel supply to the second group cylinders after a fuel supply to the first group cylinders is stop. | 1. A cylinder deactivation system comprising:
an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders having a plurality of first group cylinders belonging to a first group and a plurality of second group cylinders belonging to a second group; a first catalyst device and a second catalyst device respectively disposed in an exhaust passage of the first group and an exhaust passage of the second group; a fuel supply part configured to individually supply a fuel to each of the plurality of cylinders; and an electronic control unit having a microprocessor and a memory connected to the microprocessor, wherein the microprocessor is configured to perform:
outputting a mode switch instruction from a first mode in which a fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is performed to a second mode in which the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is stopped; and
when the mode switch instruction is output, controlling the fuel supply part so as to stop the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders in stages, and wherein
the microprocessor is configured to perform the controlling including controlling the fuel supply part so as to stop a fuel supply to the plurality of second group cylinders after a fuel supply to the plurality of first group cylinders is stop. 2. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 1, wherein
the microprocessor is further configured to perform setting a characteristic in which an output torque of the internal combustion engine is gradually reduced with time, and wherein the microprocessor is configured to perform the controlling including controlling the fuel supply part so as to the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is stopped in stages in accordance with the characteristic set in the setting. 3. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 2, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to perform the setting including setting a plurality of the characteristics in accordance with a speed ratio of a transmission configured to change and output a rotation speed input from the internal combustion engine. 4. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 2, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to perform the setting including setting a plurality of the characteristics in accordance with a number of rotations of the internal combustion engine. 5. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 2, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to perform the setting including setting the characteristics so that an output torque of the internal combustion engine is reduced at a constant rate with time. 6. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 5, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to perform the setting including calculating an inclination of reduction of an output torque of the internal combustion engine at the time immediately before the mode switch instruction is output and setting an inclination of the characteristic correspondent to the inclination calculated in the calculating. 7. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 1 further comprising
an air fuel ratio detection part configured to detect an air fuel ratio of an emission, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to perform the controlling including:
controlling the fuel supply part with a feedback control so that the air fuel ratio detected by the air fuel ratio detection part becomes a predetermined air fuel ratio before the mode switch instruction from the first mode to the second mode is output; and
when the mode switch instruction from the first mode to the second mode is output, controlling the fuel supply part so as to stop a feedback control to the plurality of first group cylinders and continue a feedback control to the plurality of second group cylinders before a processing to stop the fuel supply to the plurality of first group cylinders is started and the processing is completed. 8. A cylinder deactivation system comprising:
an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders having a plurality of first group cylinders belonging to a first group and a plurality of second group cylinders belonging to a second group; a first catalyst device and a second catalyst device respectively disposing on an exhaust passage of the first group and an exhaust passage of the second group; and a fuel supply part configured to individually supply a fuel to each of the plurality of cylinders; and an electronic control unit having a microprocessor and a memory connected to the microprocessor, wherein the microprocessor is configured to function as
an instructing unit configured to output a mode switch instruction from a first mode in which a fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is performed to a second mode in which the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is stopped, and
controller configured to, when the mode switch instruction is output, control the fuel supply part so as to stop the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders in stages, and wherein
the microprocessor is configured to function as
the controller controls the fuel supply part so as to stop a fuel supply to the plurality of second group cylinders after a fuel supply to the plurality of first group cylinders is stop. 9. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 8, wherein
the microprocessor is further configured to function as a setting unit configured to set a characteristic in which an output torque of the internal combustion engine is gradually reduced with time, and wherein the microprocessor is configured to function as the controller configured to control the fuel supply part so as to the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is stopped in stages in accordance with the characteristic set in the setting. 10. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 9, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to function as the setting unit configured to set a plurality of the characteristics in accordance with a speed ratio of a transmission configured to change and output a rotation speed input from the internal combustion engine. 11. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 9, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to function as the setting unit configured to set a plurality of the characteristics in accordance with a number of rotations of the internal combustion engine. 12. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 9 wherein
the microprocessor is configured to function as
the setting unit configured to set the characteristics so that an output torque of the internal combustion engine is reduced at a constant rate with time. 13. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 12, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to function as the setting unit configured to calculate an inclination of reduction of an output torque of the internal combustion engine at the time immediately before the mode switch instruction is output and set an inclination of the characteristic correspondent to the inclination calculated in the calculating. 14. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 8 further comprising
an air fuel ratio detection part configured to detect an air fuel ratio of an emission, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to function as:
the controller configured to control the fuel supply part with a feedback control so that the air fuel ratio detected by the air fuel ratio detection part becomes a predetermined air fuel ratio before the mode switch instruction from the first mode to the second mode is output; and
when the mode switch instruction from the first mode to the second mode is output, control the fuel supply part so as to stop a feedback control to the plurality of first group cylinders and continue a feedback control to the plurality of second group cylinders before a processing to stop the fuel supply to the plurality of first group cylinders is started and the processing is completed. 15. A cylinder deactivation method of an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders having a plurality of first group cylinders belonging to a first group and a plurality of second group cylinders belonging to a second group, a first catalyst device and a second catalyst device being disposed respectively in an exhaust passage of the first group and an exhaust passage of the second group, a fuel supply part being configured to individually supply a fuel to each of the plurality of cylinders,
the cylinder deactivation method comprising: outputting a mode switch instruction from a first mode in which a fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is performed to a second mode in which the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is stopped; and when the instruction is output, controlling the fuel supply part so that the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is stopped in stages, wherein the controlling includes controlling the fuel supply part so that a fuel supply to the plurality of second group cylinders is stop after a fuel supply to the plurality of first group cylinders is stop. | A cylinder deactivation system includes an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders, a first catalyst device and a second catalyst device respectively disposed in exhaust passages of the first group cylinders and the second group cylinders, a fuel supply part configured to individually supply a fuel to each cylinder, and a microprocessor. The microprocessor outputs a mode switch instruction from a first mode in which a fuel supply to the cylinders is performed to a second mode in which the fuel supply to the cylinders is stopped, and when the mode switch instruction is output, control the fuel supply part so as to stop the fuel supply to the cylinders in stages. The microprocessor controls the fuel supply part so as to stop a fuel supply to the second group cylinders after a fuel supply to the first group cylinders is stop.1. A cylinder deactivation system comprising:
an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders having a plurality of first group cylinders belonging to a first group and a plurality of second group cylinders belonging to a second group; a first catalyst device and a second catalyst device respectively disposed in an exhaust passage of the first group and an exhaust passage of the second group; a fuel supply part configured to individually supply a fuel to each of the plurality of cylinders; and an electronic control unit having a microprocessor and a memory connected to the microprocessor, wherein the microprocessor is configured to perform:
outputting a mode switch instruction from a first mode in which a fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is performed to a second mode in which the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is stopped; and
when the mode switch instruction is output, controlling the fuel supply part so as to stop the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders in stages, and wherein
the microprocessor is configured to perform the controlling including controlling the fuel supply part so as to stop a fuel supply to the plurality of second group cylinders after a fuel supply to the plurality of first group cylinders is stop. 2. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 1, wherein
the microprocessor is further configured to perform setting a characteristic in which an output torque of the internal combustion engine is gradually reduced with time, and wherein the microprocessor is configured to perform the controlling including controlling the fuel supply part so as to the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is stopped in stages in accordance with the characteristic set in the setting. 3. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 2, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to perform the setting including setting a plurality of the characteristics in accordance with a speed ratio of a transmission configured to change and output a rotation speed input from the internal combustion engine. 4. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 2, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to perform the setting including setting a plurality of the characteristics in accordance with a number of rotations of the internal combustion engine. 5. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 2, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to perform the setting including setting the characteristics so that an output torque of the internal combustion engine is reduced at a constant rate with time. 6. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 5, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to perform the setting including calculating an inclination of reduction of an output torque of the internal combustion engine at the time immediately before the mode switch instruction is output and setting an inclination of the characteristic correspondent to the inclination calculated in the calculating. 7. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 1 further comprising
an air fuel ratio detection part configured to detect an air fuel ratio of an emission, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to perform the controlling including:
controlling the fuel supply part with a feedback control so that the air fuel ratio detected by the air fuel ratio detection part becomes a predetermined air fuel ratio before the mode switch instruction from the first mode to the second mode is output; and
when the mode switch instruction from the first mode to the second mode is output, controlling the fuel supply part so as to stop a feedback control to the plurality of first group cylinders and continue a feedback control to the plurality of second group cylinders before a processing to stop the fuel supply to the plurality of first group cylinders is started and the processing is completed. 8. A cylinder deactivation system comprising:
an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders having a plurality of first group cylinders belonging to a first group and a plurality of second group cylinders belonging to a second group; a first catalyst device and a second catalyst device respectively disposing on an exhaust passage of the first group and an exhaust passage of the second group; and a fuel supply part configured to individually supply a fuel to each of the plurality of cylinders; and an electronic control unit having a microprocessor and a memory connected to the microprocessor, wherein the microprocessor is configured to function as
an instructing unit configured to output a mode switch instruction from a first mode in which a fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is performed to a second mode in which the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is stopped, and
controller configured to, when the mode switch instruction is output, control the fuel supply part so as to stop the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders in stages, and wherein
the microprocessor is configured to function as
the controller controls the fuel supply part so as to stop a fuel supply to the plurality of second group cylinders after a fuel supply to the plurality of first group cylinders is stop. 9. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 8, wherein
the microprocessor is further configured to function as a setting unit configured to set a characteristic in which an output torque of the internal combustion engine is gradually reduced with time, and wherein the microprocessor is configured to function as the controller configured to control the fuel supply part so as to the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is stopped in stages in accordance with the characteristic set in the setting. 10. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 9, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to function as the setting unit configured to set a plurality of the characteristics in accordance with a speed ratio of a transmission configured to change and output a rotation speed input from the internal combustion engine. 11. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 9, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to function as the setting unit configured to set a plurality of the characteristics in accordance with a number of rotations of the internal combustion engine. 12. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 9 wherein
the microprocessor is configured to function as
the setting unit configured to set the characteristics so that an output torque of the internal combustion engine is reduced at a constant rate with time. 13. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 12, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to function as the setting unit configured to calculate an inclination of reduction of an output torque of the internal combustion engine at the time immediately before the mode switch instruction is output and set an inclination of the characteristic correspondent to the inclination calculated in the calculating. 14. The cylinder deactivation system according to claim 8 further comprising
an air fuel ratio detection part configured to detect an air fuel ratio of an emission, wherein
the microprocessor is configured to function as:
the controller configured to control the fuel supply part with a feedback control so that the air fuel ratio detected by the air fuel ratio detection part becomes a predetermined air fuel ratio before the mode switch instruction from the first mode to the second mode is output; and
when the mode switch instruction from the first mode to the second mode is output, control the fuel supply part so as to stop a feedback control to the plurality of first group cylinders and continue a feedback control to the plurality of second group cylinders before a processing to stop the fuel supply to the plurality of first group cylinders is started and the processing is completed. 15. A cylinder deactivation method of an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders having a plurality of first group cylinders belonging to a first group and a plurality of second group cylinders belonging to a second group, a first catalyst device and a second catalyst device being disposed respectively in an exhaust passage of the first group and an exhaust passage of the second group, a fuel supply part being configured to individually supply a fuel to each of the plurality of cylinders,
the cylinder deactivation method comprising: outputting a mode switch instruction from a first mode in which a fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is performed to a second mode in which the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is stopped; and when the instruction is output, controlling the fuel supply part so that the fuel supply to the plurality of cylinders is stopped in stages, wherein the controlling includes controlling the fuel supply part so that a fuel supply to the plurality of second group cylinders is stop after a fuel supply to the plurality of first group cylinders is stop. | 3,700 |
339,722 | 16,800,670 | 3,747 | In order to accurately calculate an estimated flow rate by a dynamic constant volume method, a flow rate calculation system including a tank into which fluid flows, an inflow line through which the fluid flows into the tank, and a pressure sensor that detects the pressure inside the tank is adapted to include: a pressure change data storage part that stores pressure change data indicating a temporal change in the pressure detected by the pressure sensor during an inflow period; a flow rate calculation part that calculates the estimated flow rate during the inflow period based on a pressure change rate; and a flow rate correction part that, on the basis of first pressure detected by the pressure sensor after a predetermined time has elapsed after the inflow period and second pressure included in the pressure change data and higher than the first pressure, corrects the estimated flow rate. | 1. A flow rate calculation system including a tank into which fluid flows, an inflow line through which the fluid flows into the tank, and a pressure sensor that detects pressure inside the tank, the flow rate calculation system comprising:
a pressure change data storage part that stores pressure change data indicating a temporal change in the pressure detected by the pressure sensor during an inflow period from start flowing the fluid into the tank through the inflow line to stop flowing the fluid into the tank; a flow rate calculation part that, on a basis of a pressure change rate calculated from the pressure change data, calculates an estimated flow rate of the fluid estimated to flow through the inflow line during the inflow period; and a flow rate correction part that, on a basis of first pressure detected by the pressure sensor after a predetermined time has elapsed since stop flowing the fluid into the tank and second pressure included in the pressure change data and higher than the first pressure, corrects the estimated flow rate calculated by the flow rate calculation part. 2. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 1, wherein
the second pressure is maximum pressure included in the pressure change data or pressure close to the maximum pressure. 3. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 1, wherein
the flow rate correction part corrects the estimated flow rate on a basis of a correction factor that is a ratio of the first pressure to the second pressure. 4. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 1, further comprising
a temperature sensor that detects temperature inside or of the tank, wherein the flow rate calculation part calculates the estimated flow rate on a basis of the pressure change rate and temperature detected by the temperature sensor during the inflow period. 5. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 4, further comprising:
a temperature storage part that stores temperature change data indicating a temporal change in the temperature detected by the temperature sensor during the inflow period; and an average temperature calculation part that, from the temperature change data, calculates average temperature inside or of the tank during the inflow period, wherein the flow rate calculation part calculates the estimated flow rate on a basis of the pressure change rate and the average temperature. 6. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 4, wherein
the temperature sensor detects wall temperature of the tank. 7. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 1, further comprising
a flow rate control device that controls a flow rate of the fluid flowing through the inflow line, wherein the flow rate calculation part calculates the estimated flow rate of the fluid estimated to flow through the flow rate control device during the inflow period. 8. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 7, further comprising:
a branch line that branches from the inflow line; and a switching mechanism that switches between a first state allowing the fluid to flow only to the branch line and a second state allowing the fluid to flow only to a downstream side of a branching point to the branch line in the inflow line, wherein the flow rate control device is provided on an upstream side of the branching point to the branch line in the inflow line. 9. A recording medium recording a flow rate calculation system program used for a flow rate calculation system including a tank into which fluid flows, an inflow line through which the fluid flows into the tank, and a pressure sensor that detects pressure inside the tank, the flow rate calculation system program fulfilling functions as:
a pressure change data storage part that stores pressure change data indicating a temporal change in the pressure detected by the pressure sensor during an inflow period from start flowing the fluid into the tank through the inflow line to stop flowing the fluid into the tank; a flow rate calculation part that, on a basis of a pressure change rate calculated from the pressure change data, calculates an estimated flow rate of the fluid estimated to flow through the inflow line during the inflow period; and a flow rate correction part that, on a basis of first pressure detected by the pressure sensor after a predetermined time has elapsed since stop flowing the fluid into the tank and second pressure included in the pressure change data and higher than the first pressure, corrects the estimated flow rate calculated by the flow rate calculation part. 10. A flow rate calculation method used for a flow rate calculation system including a tank into which fluid flows, an inflow line through which the fluid flows into the tank, and a pressure sensor that detects pressure inside the tank, the flow rate calculation method comprising the steps of:
storing pressure change data indicating a temporal change in the pressure detected by the pressure sensor during an inflow period from start flowing the fluid into the tank through the inflow line to stop flowing the fluid into the tank; on a basis of a pressure change rate calculated from the pressure change data, calculating an estimated flow rate of the fluid estimated to flow through the inflow line during the inflow period; and on a basis of first pressure detected by the pressure sensor after a predetermined time has elapsed since stop flowing the fluid into the tank and second pressure included in the pressure change data and higher than the first pressure, correcting the estimated flow rate calculated by the flow rate calculation part. 11. A flow rate calculation device used for a flow rate calculation system including a tank into which fluid flows, an inflow line through which the fluid flows into the tank, and a pressure sensor that detects pressure inside the tank, the flow rate calculation device comprising:
a pressure change data storage part that stores pressure change data indicating a temporal change in the pressure detected by the pressure sensor during an inflow period from start flowing the fluid into the tank through the inflow line to stop flowing the fluid into the tank; a flow rate calculation part that, on a basis of a pressure change rate calculated from the pressure change data, calculates an estimated flow rate of the fluid estimated to flow through the inflow line during the inflow period; and a flow rate correction part that, on a basis of first pressure detected by the pressure sensor after a predetermined time has elapsed since stop flowing the fluid into the tank and second pressure included in the pressure change data and higher than the first pressure, corrects the estimated flow rate calculated by the flow rate calculation part. 12. A flow rate calculation system including a tank into which fluid flows, an inflow line through which the fluid flows into the tank, a pressure sensor that detects pressure inside the tank, and a temperature sensor that detects temperature inside or of the tank, the flow rate calculation system comprising:
a pressure change data storage part that stores pressure change data indicating a temporal change in the pressure detected by the pressure sensor during an inflow period from start flowing the fluid into the tank through the inflow line to stop flowing the fluid into the tank; a temperature change data storage part that stores temperature change data indicating a temporal change in the temperature detected by the temperature sensor during the inflow period; a flow rate calculation part that, on a basis of a pressure change rate calculated from the pressure change data, calculates an estimated flow rate of the fluid estimated to flow through the inflow line during the inflow period; and a flow rate correction part that, on a basis of first temperature detected by the temperature sensor after a predetermined time has elapsed since closing a first on-off valve and second temperature included in the temperature change data and higher than the first temperature, corrects the estimated flow rate calculated by the flow rate calculation part. | In order to accurately calculate an estimated flow rate by a dynamic constant volume method, a flow rate calculation system including a tank into which fluid flows, an inflow line through which the fluid flows into the tank, and a pressure sensor that detects the pressure inside the tank is adapted to include: a pressure change data storage part that stores pressure change data indicating a temporal change in the pressure detected by the pressure sensor during an inflow period; a flow rate calculation part that calculates the estimated flow rate during the inflow period based on a pressure change rate; and a flow rate correction part that, on the basis of first pressure detected by the pressure sensor after a predetermined time has elapsed after the inflow period and second pressure included in the pressure change data and higher than the first pressure, corrects the estimated flow rate.1. A flow rate calculation system including a tank into which fluid flows, an inflow line through which the fluid flows into the tank, and a pressure sensor that detects pressure inside the tank, the flow rate calculation system comprising:
a pressure change data storage part that stores pressure change data indicating a temporal change in the pressure detected by the pressure sensor during an inflow period from start flowing the fluid into the tank through the inflow line to stop flowing the fluid into the tank; a flow rate calculation part that, on a basis of a pressure change rate calculated from the pressure change data, calculates an estimated flow rate of the fluid estimated to flow through the inflow line during the inflow period; and a flow rate correction part that, on a basis of first pressure detected by the pressure sensor after a predetermined time has elapsed since stop flowing the fluid into the tank and second pressure included in the pressure change data and higher than the first pressure, corrects the estimated flow rate calculated by the flow rate calculation part. 2. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 1, wherein
the second pressure is maximum pressure included in the pressure change data or pressure close to the maximum pressure. 3. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 1, wherein
the flow rate correction part corrects the estimated flow rate on a basis of a correction factor that is a ratio of the first pressure to the second pressure. 4. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 1, further comprising
a temperature sensor that detects temperature inside or of the tank, wherein the flow rate calculation part calculates the estimated flow rate on a basis of the pressure change rate and temperature detected by the temperature sensor during the inflow period. 5. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 4, further comprising:
a temperature storage part that stores temperature change data indicating a temporal change in the temperature detected by the temperature sensor during the inflow period; and an average temperature calculation part that, from the temperature change data, calculates average temperature inside or of the tank during the inflow period, wherein the flow rate calculation part calculates the estimated flow rate on a basis of the pressure change rate and the average temperature. 6. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 4, wherein
the temperature sensor detects wall temperature of the tank. 7. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 1, further comprising
a flow rate control device that controls a flow rate of the fluid flowing through the inflow line, wherein the flow rate calculation part calculates the estimated flow rate of the fluid estimated to flow through the flow rate control device during the inflow period. 8. The flow rate calculation system according to claim 7, further comprising:
a branch line that branches from the inflow line; and a switching mechanism that switches between a first state allowing the fluid to flow only to the branch line and a second state allowing the fluid to flow only to a downstream side of a branching point to the branch line in the inflow line, wherein the flow rate control device is provided on an upstream side of the branching point to the branch line in the inflow line. 9. A recording medium recording a flow rate calculation system program used for a flow rate calculation system including a tank into which fluid flows, an inflow line through which the fluid flows into the tank, and a pressure sensor that detects pressure inside the tank, the flow rate calculation system program fulfilling functions as:
a pressure change data storage part that stores pressure change data indicating a temporal change in the pressure detected by the pressure sensor during an inflow period from start flowing the fluid into the tank through the inflow line to stop flowing the fluid into the tank; a flow rate calculation part that, on a basis of a pressure change rate calculated from the pressure change data, calculates an estimated flow rate of the fluid estimated to flow through the inflow line during the inflow period; and a flow rate correction part that, on a basis of first pressure detected by the pressure sensor after a predetermined time has elapsed since stop flowing the fluid into the tank and second pressure included in the pressure change data and higher than the first pressure, corrects the estimated flow rate calculated by the flow rate calculation part. 10. A flow rate calculation method used for a flow rate calculation system including a tank into which fluid flows, an inflow line through which the fluid flows into the tank, and a pressure sensor that detects pressure inside the tank, the flow rate calculation method comprising the steps of:
storing pressure change data indicating a temporal change in the pressure detected by the pressure sensor during an inflow period from start flowing the fluid into the tank through the inflow line to stop flowing the fluid into the tank; on a basis of a pressure change rate calculated from the pressure change data, calculating an estimated flow rate of the fluid estimated to flow through the inflow line during the inflow period; and on a basis of first pressure detected by the pressure sensor after a predetermined time has elapsed since stop flowing the fluid into the tank and second pressure included in the pressure change data and higher than the first pressure, correcting the estimated flow rate calculated by the flow rate calculation part. 11. A flow rate calculation device used for a flow rate calculation system including a tank into which fluid flows, an inflow line through which the fluid flows into the tank, and a pressure sensor that detects pressure inside the tank, the flow rate calculation device comprising:
a pressure change data storage part that stores pressure change data indicating a temporal change in the pressure detected by the pressure sensor during an inflow period from start flowing the fluid into the tank through the inflow line to stop flowing the fluid into the tank; a flow rate calculation part that, on a basis of a pressure change rate calculated from the pressure change data, calculates an estimated flow rate of the fluid estimated to flow through the inflow line during the inflow period; and a flow rate correction part that, on a basis of first pressure detected by the pressure sensor after a predetermined time has elapsed since stop flowing the fluid into the tank and second pressure included in the pressure change data and higher than the first pressure, corrects the estimated flow rate calculated by the flow rate calculation part. 12. A flow rate calculation system including a tank into which fluid flows, an inflow line through which the fluid flows into the tank, a pressure sensor that detects pressure inside the tank, and a temperature sensor that detects temperature inside or of the tank, the flow rate calculation system comprising:
a pressure change data storage part that stores pressure change data indicating a temporal change in the pressure detected by the pressure sensor during an inflow period from start flowing the fluid into the tank through the inflow line to stop flowing the fluid into the tank; a temperature change data storage part that stores temperature change data indicating a temporal change in the temperature detected by the temperature sensor during the inflow period; a flow rate calculation part that, on a basis of a pressure change rate calculated from the pressure change data, calculates an estimated flow rate of the fluid estimated to flow through the inflow line during the inflow period; and a flow rate correction part that, on a basis of first temperature detected by the temperature sensor after a predetermined time has elapsed since closing a first on-off valve and second temperature included in the temperature change data and higher than the first temperature, corrects the estimated flow rate calculated by the flow rate calculation part. | 3,700 |
339,723 | 16,800,684 | 3,747 | A resistance heater may include a polymer positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) material, arranged in a ring shape that defines a heater body; and an electrode assembly, comprising two or more electrodes arranged in contact with the heater body at two or more locations, wherein PPTC material comprises: a polymer matrix, the polymer matrix defining a PPTC body; and a conductive filler component, disposed in the polymer matrix. | 1. A resistance heater, comprising:
a polymer positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) material, arranged in a ring shape that defines a heater body; and an electrode assembly, comprising two or more electrodes arranged in contact with the heater body at two or more locations, wherein PPTC material comprises: a polymer matrix, the polymer matrix defining a PPTC body; and a conductive filler component, disposed in the polymer matrix. 2. The resistance heater of claim 1, the ring shape comprising a circular ring, a rectangular ring, an elliptical ring, an oval ring, or a polygonal ring. 3. The resistance heater of claim 1, the conductive filler component comprising a carbon filler and/or conductive ceramic component, disposed as a plurality of carbon particles within the polymer matrix. 4. The resistance heater of claim 1, wherein a volume percentage of polymer matrix is between 50-99%. 5. The resistance heater of claim 1, the conductive filler comprising a graphene filler component, and/or a carbon nanotube filler component. 6. The resistance heater of claim 1, further comprising a first lead and a second lead, electrically connected to the electrode assembly, the first lead and the second lead extending perpendicularly to the plane of the heater body. 7. The resistance heater of claim 1, wherein the two or more electrodes comprise a top electrode and a bottom electrode, the top electrode and the bottom electrode being arranged generally in a ring shape. 8. The resistance heater of claim 7, wherein the top electrode and the bottom electrode each includes two segments, separated by a first gap and a second gap, wherein the first gap and the second gap correspond to first exposed region and a second exposed region of the heater body. 9. The resistance heater of claim 1 wherein the heater body is disposed on a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate, the PCB substrate being arranged in a ring shape. 10. The resistance heater of claim 9, the heater body and the electrode assembly together comprising a thickness in a range of 2 mm, and the PCB substrate comprising a thickness less than 1 mm. 11. The resistance heater of claim 9, the PCB substrate comprising FR4, copper inlay PCB, or a ceramic PCB, such as Al2O3 or AlN. 12. A camera, comprising:
a transparent lens portion; and a resistance heater, disposed on a periphery of the transparent lens portion, and comprising:
a polymer positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) material, arranged in a ring shape within a plane, and defining a heater body, wherein the PPTC material comprises:
a polymer matrix, the polymer matrix defining a PPTC body, and
a conductive filler component, disposed in the polymer matrix; and
an electrode assembly, comprising a bottom electrode on a first side of the heater body, and a top electrode, disposed on a second side of the heater body, opposite the first side. 13. The camera of claim 12, the ring shape comprising a circular ring, a rectangular ring, an elliptical ring, an oval ring, or a polygonal ring. 14. The camera of claim 12, the filler component comprising a carbon filler component, disposed as a plurality of carbon particles within the polymer matrix. 15. The camera of claim 12, further comprising
a first lead and a second lead, electrically connected to the electrode assembly, the first lead and second lead extending perpendicularly to the plane of the heater body. 16. The camera of claim 12, the conductive filler comprising a graphene filler component and/or a carbon nanotube filler component. | A resistance heater may include a polymer positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) material, arranged in a ring shape that defines a heater body; and an electrode assembly, comprising two or more electrodes arranged in contact with the heater body at two or more locations, wherein PPTC material comprises: a polymer matrix, the polymer matrix defining a PPTC body; and a conductive filler component, disposed in the polymer matrix.1. A resistance heater, comprising:
a polymer positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) material, arranged in a ring shape that defines a heater body; and an electrode assembly, comprising two or more electrodes arranged in contact with the heater body at two or more locations, wherein PPTC material comprises: a polymer matrix, the polymer matrix defining a PPTC body; and a conductive filler component, disposed in the polymer matrix. 2. The resistance heater of claim 1, the ring shape comprising a circular ring, a rectangular ring, an elliptical ring, an oval ring, or a polygonal ring. 3. The resistance heater of claim 1, the conductive filler component comprising a carbon filler and/or conductive ceramic component, disposed as a plurality of carbon particles within the polymer matrix. 4. The resistance heater of claim 1, wherein a volume percentage of polymer matrix is between 50-99%. 5. The resistance heater of claim 1, the conductive filler comprising a graphene filler component, and/or a carbon nanotube filler component. 6. The resistance heater of claim 1, further comprising a first lead and a second lead, electrically connected to the electrode assembly, the first lead and the second lead extending perpendicularly to the plane of the heater body. 7. The resistance heater of claim 1, wherein the two or more electrodes comprise a top electrode and a bottom electrode, the top electrode and the bottom electrode being arranged generally in a ring shape. 8. The resistance heater of claim 7, wherein the top electrode and the bottom electrode each includes two segments, separated by a first gap and a second gap, wherein the first gap and the second gap correspond to first exposed region and a second exposed region of the heater body. 9. The resistance heater of claim 1 wherein the heater body is disposed on a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate, the PCB substrate being arranged in a ring shape. 10. The resistance heater of claim 9, the heater body and the electrode assembly together comprising a thickness in a range of 2 mm, and the PCB substrate comprising a thickness less than 1 mm. 11. The resistance heater of claim 9, the PCB substrate comprising FR4, copper inlay PCB, or a ceramic PCB, such as Al2O3 or AlN. 12. A camera, comprising:
a transparent lens portion; and a resistance heater, disposed on a periphery of the transparent lens portion, and comprising:
a polymer positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) material, arranged in a ring shape within a plane, and defining a heater body, wherein the PPTC material comprises:
a polymer matrix, the polymer matrix defining a PPTC body, and
a conductive filler component, disposed in the polymer matrix; and
an electrode assembly, comprising a bottom electrode on a first side of the heater body, and a top electrode, disposed on a second side of the heater body, opposite the first side. 13. The camera of claim 12, the ring shape comprising a circular ring, a rectangular ring, an elliptical ring, an oval ring, or a polygonal ring. 14. The camera of claim 12, the filler component comprising a carbon filler component, disposed as a plurality of carbon particles within the polymer matrix. 15. The camera of claim 12, further comprising
a first lead and a second lead, electrically connected to the electrode assembly, the first lead and second lead extending perpendicularly to the plane of the heater body. 16. The camera of claim 12, the conductive filler comprising a graphene filler component and/or a carbon nanotube filler component. | 3,700 |
339,724 | 16,800,685 | 3,747 | A road management system includes: an avoiding action detecting section that detects an avoiding action of a moving body (a vehicle, a first vehicle) moving along a road; a position detecting section that detects a position of the moving body (the vehicle, the first vehicle); an avoidance position determining section that determines an avoidance position where the avoiding action has occurred, based on a detection result of the avoiding action detecting section and a detection result of the position detecting section; and an imaging section that images a road surface of the avoidance position. | 1. A road management system, comprising:
an avoiding action detecting section configured to detect an avoiding action of a moving body moving along a road; a position detecting section configured to detect a position of the moving body; an avoidance position determining section configured to determine an avoidance position where the avoiding action has occurred, based on a detection result of the avoiding action detecting section and a detection result of the position detecting section; and an imaging section configured to image a road surface of the avoidance position. 2. The road management system according to claim 1, further comprising a transmitting section configured to transmit position information of the avoidance position to a device on an outside of the moving body,
wherein the imaging section is provided in the device. 3. The road management system according to claim 2, wherein
the moving body is a first moving body, and the device is a second moving body approaching the avoidance position. 4. The road management system according to claim 3, wherein
the device is the second moving body moving in a same direction as the first moving body and approaching the avoidance position. 5. The road management system according to claim 3, wherein
the device is the second moving body moving in an opposite direction to the first moving body and approaching the avoidance position. 6. The road management system according to claim 1, wherein
the moving body is a two-wheeled vehicle. 7. The road management system according to claim 3, wherein
a kind of the first moving body is identical to a kind of the second moving body. 8. The road management system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an information processing section configured to associate image information of the road surface of the avoidance position imaged by the imaging section and position information of the avoidance position; and a transmitting section configured to transmit, to a server on an outside, the image information and the position information that have been associated, wherein the avoiding action detecting section, the position detecting section, the avoidance position determining section, the imaging section, the information processing section, and the transmitting section are provided in the moving body. 9. The road management system according to claim 1, wherein
in a case that, within a predetermined time, the avoiding action by a plurality of the moving bodies has occurred in a same avoidance position, the imaging section images the road surface of the avoidance position. | A road management system includes: an avoiding action detecting section that detects an avoiding action of a moving body (a vehicle, a first vehicle) moving along a road; a position detecting section that detects a position of the moving body (the vehicle, the first vehicle); an avoidance position determining section that determines an avoidance position where the avoiding action has occurred, based on a detection result of the avoiding action detecting section and a detection result of the position detecting section; and an imaging section that images a road surface of the avoidance position.1. A road management system, comprising:
an avoiding action detecting section configured to detect an avoiding action of a moving body moving along a road; a position detecting section configured to detect a position of the moving body; an avoidance position determining section configured to determine an avoidance position where the avoiding action has occurred, based on a detection result of the avoiding action detecting section and a detection result of the position detecting section; and an imaging section configured to image a road surface of the avoidance position. 2. The road management system according to claim 1, further comprising a transmitting section configured to transmit position information of the avoidance position to a device on an outside of the moving body,
wherein the imaging section is provided in the device. 3. The road management system according to claim 2, wherein
the moving body is a first moving body, and the device is a second moving body approaching the avoidance position. 4. The road management system according to claim 3, wherein
the device is the second moving body moving in a same direction as the first moving body and approaching the avoidance position. 5. The road management system according to claim 3, wherein
the device is the second moving body moving in an opposite direction to the first moving body and approaching the avoidance position. 6. The road management system according to claim 1, wherein
the moving body is a two-wheeled vehicle. 7. The road management system according to claim 3, wherein
a kind of the first moving body is identical to a kind of the second moving body. 8. The road management system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an information processing section configured to associate image information of the road surface of the avoidance position imaged by the imaging section and position information of the avoidance position; and a transmitting section configured to transmit, to a server on an outside, the image information and the position information that have been associated, wherein the avoiding action detecting section, the position detecting section, the avoidance position determining section, the imaging section, the information processing section, and the transmitting section are provided in the moving body. 9. The road management system according to claim 1, wherein
in a case that, within a predetermined time, the avoiding action by a plurality of the moving bodies has occurred in a same avoidance position, the imaging section images the road surface of the avoidance position. | 3,700 |
339,725 | 16,800,681 | 3,747 | A main ceramic circuit board on which a semiconductor element is arranged is separate from a sub-ceramic circuit board on which a connection terminal is arranged. Accordingly, heat generated by the semiconductor element is conducted via the main ceramic circuit board and a base plate arranged thereunder and the sub-ceramic circuit board to the connection terminal. That is to say, it is difficult to conduct heat from the semiconductor element to the connection terminal, compared with a case where the connection terminal and the semiconductor element are arranged over the same ceramic circuit board. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor element; a connection terminal; a base plate having in a plan view a rectangular shape with two long sides and two short sides; a main substrate on which the semiconductor element is disposed, the main substrate being disposed on a front surface of the base plate; and a sub-substrate on which the connection terminal is disposed, the main substrate being disposed on the front surface of the base plate, wherein: the main substrate is disposed in an arrangement area of the front surface of the base plate, the arrangement area being located between the two long sides of the base plate and including a center of the front surface of the base plate, and the sub-substrate is disposed on the front surface at a periphery of the base plate between one of the two long sides of the base plate and the arrangement area so as to be positioned closer to the one of the two long sides than is the arrangement area. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising a sense element, wherein:
the semiconductor element includes a main electrode and a control electrode, the main substrate includes a main terminal that is electrically connected to the main electrode of the semiconductor element, and the connection terminal is a control terminal that is electrically connected to the control electrode of the semiconductor element or a sense terminal that is electrically connected to the sense element. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein:
the base plate includes a plurality of fixing holes that penetrate the base plate and are aligned at the periphery of the base plate along each of the two long sides; and the sub-substrate is positioned between adjacent two fixing holes of the plurality of fixing holes. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, further comprising
a cooling element fixed to a back surface of the base plate opposite to the front surface of the base plate, the base plate having a cooled area located on the back surface at an area corresponding to the arrangement area of the base plate, a sealing member disposed so as to surround the cooled area, between the back surface of the base plate and the cooling element, wherein the plurality of fixing holes are positioned in the base plate further from the cooled area than is the sealing member. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, further comprising a plurality of elastic members disposed between the back surface of the base plate and the cooling element, each of the plurality of elastic members being positioned further from the base plate than is the sealing member. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, further comprising a plurality of elastic members disposed between the back surface of the base plate and the cooling element, wherein
the sealing member extends along the one of the two long sides, closer to the cooled area than are the plurality of fixing holes of the base plate, and the elastic members are disposed closer to the one of the two long sides than are the plurality of fixing holes of the base plate. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the base plate has a groove extending in the direction of the two short sides of the base plate, the groove being located between the sub-substrate and a fixing hole that is the closest to the sub-substrate among the plurality of fixing holes. | A main ceramic circuit board on which a semiconductor element is arranged is separate from a sub-ceramic circuit board on which a connection terminal is arranged. Accordingly, heat generated by the semiconductor element is conducted via the main ceramic circuit board and a base plate arranged thereunder and the sub-ceramic circuit board to the connection terminal. That is to say, it is difficult to conduct heat from the semiconductor element to the connection terminal, compared with a case where the connection terminal and the semiconductor element are arranged over the same ceramic circuit board.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor element; a connection terminal; a base plate having in a plan view a rectangular shape with two long sides and two short sides; a main substrate on which the semiconductor element is disposed, the main substrate being disposed on a front surface of the base plate; and a sub-substrate on which the connection terminal is disposed, the main substrate being disposed on the front surface of the base plate, wherein: the main substrate is disposed in an arrangement area of the front surface of the base plate, the arrangement area being located between the two long sides of the base plate and including a center of the front surface of the base plate, and the sub-substrate is disposed on the front surface at a periphery of the base plate between one of the two long sides of the base plate and the arrangement area so as to be positioned closer to the one of the two long sides than is the arrangement area. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising a sense element, wherein:
the semiconductor element includes a main electrode and a control electrode, the main substrate includes a main terminal that is electrically connected to the main electrode of the semiconductor element, and the connection terminal is a control terminal that is electrically connected to the control electrode of the semiconductor element or a sense terminal that is electrically connected to the sense element. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein:
the base plate includes a plurality of fixing holes that penetrate the base plate and are aligned at the periphery of the base plate along each of the two long sides; and the sub-substrate is positioned between adjacent two fixing holes of the plurality of fixing holes. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, further comprising
a cooling element fixed to a back surface of the base plate opposite to the front surface of the base plate, the base plate having a cooled area located on the back surface at an area corresponding to the arrangement area of the base plate, a sealing member disposed so as to surround the cooled area, between the back surface of the base plate and the cooling element, wherein the plurality of fixing holes are positioned in the base plate further from the cooled area than is the sealing member. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, further comprising a plurality of elastic members disposed between the back surface of the base plate and the cooling element, each of the plurality of elastic members being positioned further from the base plate than is the sealing member. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, further comprising a plurality of elastic members disposed between the back surface of the base plate and the cooling element, wherein
the sealing member extends along the one of the two long sides, closer to the cooled area than are the plurality of fixing holes of the base plate, and the elastic members are disposed closer to the one of the two long sides than are the plurality of fixing holes of the base plate. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the base plate has a groove extending in the direction of the two short sides of the base plate, the groove being located between the sub-substrate and a fixing hole that is the closest to the sub-substrate among the plurality of fixing holes. | 3,700 |
339,726 | 16,800,689 | 3,747 | Direct growth methods for preparing diamond-assisted heat-dissipation silicon carbide substrates of GaN-HEMTs are disclosed. In an embodiment, the direct growth method includes the following steps: (1) etching holes in a surface of a silicon carbide substrate to produce a silicon carbide wafer; (2) ultrasonic cleaning the produced silicon carbide wafer; (3) establishing an auxiliary nucleation point on a surface of the silicon carbide wafer; (4) depositing a diamond layer; (5) removing the portion of the diamond layer on the upper surface while retaining the portion of the diamond layer in the holes; (6) ultrasonic cleaning; and (7) depositing diamond in the holes on the silicon carbide wafer until the holes are fully filled. | 1. A direct growth method for preparing diamond-assisted heat dissipation silicon carbide substrates of GaN-HEMTs, comprising the steps of:
(1) etching holes on a surface of a SiC substrate by laser etching or metal plating etching to obtain a SiC wafer containing a hole structure, wherein the holes are located below the GaN-HEMTs and have a depth of 100 to 400 μm; (2) placing the SiC wafer containing the hole structure sequentially in anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning to obtain a cleaned SiC wafer containing the hole structure; (3) spin-coating a nano-diamond suspension on a surface of the cleaned SiC wafer containing the hole structure to obtain a SiC wafer with an establishment of an auxiliary nucleation point; (4) placing the SiC wafer with the establishment of the auxiliary nucleation point in an MPCVD device to deposit a diamond layer by introducing hydrogen and methane for 1 to 4 h under a hydrogen flow rate of 100 to 300 sccm, a methane flow rate of 5 to 30 sccm, a deposition pressure of 100 to 300 mBar, and a deposition temperature of 700 to 900° C. to obtain a SiC wafer with a diamond nucleation film layer; (5) polishing the SiC wafer with the diamond nucleation film layer to remove the diamond nucleation film layer on an upper surface while retaining the diamond nucleation film layer in the holes to obtain a SiC wafer with the diamond nucleation film layer in the holes; (6) placing the SiC wafer with the diamond nucleation film layer in the holes in anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning to obtain a cleaned SiC wafer with the diamond nucleation film layer in the holes; and (7) placing the cleaned SiC wafer with the diamond nucleation film layer in the holes in the MPCVD device for deposition only in the holes on the SiC wafer by introducing hydrogen and methane under a hydrogen flow rate of 100 to 300 sccm, a methane flow rate of 5 to 30 sccm, a deposition pressure of 100 to 300 mBar, and a deposition temperature of 700 to 900° C. until the holes are filled with the deposition. 2. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein the holes in step (1) have a length of 100 to 300 μm and a width of 100 to 300 μm. 3. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein the SiC wafer containing the hole structure in step (2) is sequentially and ultrasonically cleaned in the anhydrous ethanol for fifteen minutes and the deionized water for fifteen minutes. 4. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein the nano-diamond suspension in step (3) contains nano-diamond particles sized between 10 to 50 nm. 5. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein step (3) is replaced by ultrasonic dispersing the cleaned SiC wafer containing the hole structure in a nano-diamond suspension to obtain a SiC wafer with an establishment of an auxiliary nucleation point. 6. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein, in step (4), hydrogen and methane are introduced for 2 hours under a hydrogen flow rate of 150 sccm, a methane flow rate of 5 sccm, a deposition pressure of 150 mBar, and a deposition temperature of 800° C. 7. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein the polishing in step (5) is a mechanical polishing or a chemically assisted mechanical polishing. 8. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein the polishing in step (5) is carried out by a polishing disc at a rotation speed of 1000 to 4000 rpm/min. 9. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein the SiC wafer having a diamond nucleation film layer in the holes in step (6) is sequentially and ultrasonically cleaned in the anhydrous ethanol for twenty minutes and the deionized water for twenty minutes. 10. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein, in step (7), hydrogen and methane are introduced under a hydrogen flow rate of 150 sccm, a methane flow rate of 10 sccm, a deposition pressure of 200 mBar, and a deposition temperature of 800° C. | Direct growth methods for preparing diamond-assisted heat-dissipation silicon carbide substrates of GaN-HEMTs are disclosed. In an embodiment, the direct growth method includes the following steps: (1) etching holes in a surface of a silicon carbide substrate to produce a silicon carbide wafer; (2) ultrasonic cleaning the produced silicon carbide wafer; (3) establishing an auxiliary nucleation point on a surface of the silicon carbide wafer; (4) depositing a diamond layer; (5) removing the portion of the diamond layer on the upper surface while retaining the portion of the diamond layer in the holes; (6) ultrasonic cleaning; and (7) depositing diamond in the holes on the silicon carbide wafer until the holes are fully filled.1. A direct growth method for preparing diamond-assisted heat dissipation silicon carbide substrates of GaN-HEMTs, comprising the steps of:
(1) etching holes on a surface of a SiC substrate by laser etching or metal plating etching to obtain a SiC wafer containing a hole structure, wherein the holes are located below the GaN-HEMTs and have a depth of 100 to 400 μm; (2) placing the SiC wafer containing the hole structure sequentially in anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning to obtain a cleaned SiC wafer containing the hole structure; (3) spin-coating a nano-diamond suspension on a surface of the cleaned SiC wafer containing the hole structure to obtain a SiC wafer with an establishment of an auxiliary nucleation point; (4) placing the SiC wafer with the establishment of the auxiliary nucleation point in an MPCVD device to deposit a diamond layer by introducing hydrogen and methane for 1 to 4 h under a hydrogen flow rate of 100 to 300 sccm, a methane flow rate of 5 to 30 sccm, a deposition pressure of 100 to 300 mBar, and a deposition temperature of 700 to 900° C. to obtain a SiC wafer with a diamond nucleation film layer; (5) polishing the SiC wafer with the diamond nucleation film layer to remove the diamond nucleation film layer on an upper surface while retaining the diamond nucleation film layer in the holes to obtain a SiC wafer with the diamond nucleation film layer in the holes; (6) placing the SiC wafer with the diamond nucleation film layer in the holes in anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning to obtain a cleaned SiC wafer with the diamond nucleation film layer in the holes; and (7) placing the cleaned SiC wafer with the diamond nucleation film layer in the holes in the MPCVD device for deposition only in the holes on the SiC wafer by introducing hydrogen and methane under a hydrogen flow rate of 100 to 300 sccm, a methane flow rate of 5 to 30 sccm, a deposition pressure of 100 to 300 mBar, and a deposition temperature of 700 to 900° C. until the holes are filled with the deposition. 2. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein the holes in step (1) have a length of 100 to 300 μm and a width of 100 to 300 μm. 3. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein the SiC wafer containing the hole structure in step (2) is sequentially and ultrasonically cleaned in the anhydrous ethanol for fifteen minutes and the deionized water for fifteen minutes. 4. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein the nano-diamond suspension in step (3) contains nano-diamond particles sized between 10 to 50 nm. 5. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein step (3) is replaced by ultrasonic dispersing the cleaned SiC wafer containing the hole structure in a nano-diamond suspension to obtain a SiC wafer with an establishment of an auxiliary nucleation point. 6. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein, in step (4), hydrogen and methane are introduced for 2 hours under a hydrogen flow rate of 150 sccm, a methane flow rate of 5 sccm, a deposition pressure of 150 mBar, and a deposition temperature of 800° C. 7. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein the polishing in step (5) is a mechanical polishing or a chemically assisted mechanical polishing. 8. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein the polishing in step (5) is carried out by a polishing disc at a rotation speed of 1000 to 4000 rpm/min. 9. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein the SiC wafer having a diamond nucleation film layer in the holes in step (6) is sequentially and ultrasonically cleaned in the anhydrous ethanol for twenty minutes and the deionized water for twenty minutes. 10. The direct growth method in claim 1, wherein, in step (7), hydrogen and methane are introduced under a hydrogen flow rate of 150 sccm, a methane flow rate of 10 sccm, a deposition pressure of 200 mBar, and a deposition temperature of 800° C. | 3,700 |
339,727 | 16,800,682 | 3,747 | Various methods and arrangements for improving fuel economy and noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) in a skip fire controlled engine are described. An engine controller dynamically selects a gas spring type for a skipped firing opportunity. Determination of the skip/fire pattern and gas spring type may be made on a firing opportunity by firing opportunity basis. | 1. A method of controlling an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders during skip fire operation of the engine, each cylinder including at least one associated intake valve and at least one associated exhaust valve, the method comprising:
(i) determining that a first skipped working cycle in a first selected cylinder will not be fired; (ii) actuating a first intake valve associated with the first selected cylinder such that the first intake valve is open during at least a portion of an intake stroke of the first skipped working cycle; (iii) holding the at least one exhaust valve associated with the first selected cylinder closed during an exhaust stroke associated with the first skipped working cycle; and (iv) actuating the first intake valve during at least a portion of the intake stroke of a first fired working cycle that occurs after the first skipped working cycle in the first selected cylinder, the first fired working cycle being the first working cycle in the selected cylinder that is fired after the first skipped working cycle. 2. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the first skipped working cycle immediately follows an earlier fired working cycle in the first selected cylinder. 3. A method as recited in claim 1 further comprising repeating (i)-(iv) for each skipped working cycle that immediately follows an earlier fired working cycle in the same cylinder. 4. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein at least one additional skipped working cycle occurs in the first selected cylinder between the first skipped working cycle and the first fired working cycle. 5. A method as recited in claim 4 wherein:
the first intake valve is not actuated during any of the at least one additional skipped working cycle(s) that occur in the first selected cylinder between the first skipped working cycle and the first fired working cycle; and
holding the at least one exhaust valve associated with the first selected cylinder closed during each of the at least one additional skipped working cycle(s). 6. A method as recited in claim 5 wherein the first skipped working cycle immediately follows an earlier fired working cycle in the first selected cylinder. 7. A method as recited in claim 4 wherein the first intake valve is actuated during a selected one of the at least one additional skipped working cycle(s) that occur in the first selected cylinder between the first skipped working cycle and the first fired working cycle. 8. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine. 9. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine. 10. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine. 11. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein cams are used to actuate the valves associated with the selected cylinder. 12. A method of operating an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, each cylinder having at least one associated intake valve and at least one associated exhaust valve, the method comprising:
directing skip fire operation of the internal combustion engine using an air spring with re-intake valve management scheme. 13. A method as recited in claim 12 wherein the air springs with re-intake valve management scheme includes:
for each first skipped working cycle within a selected one of the cylinders that immediately follows a fired working cycle within the selected cylinder, causing an air charge to be introduced into the selected cylinder during such first skipped working cycle; and
for each first fired working cycle that immediately follows a skipped working cycles within the selected cylinder, causing the air charge within the cylinder to be refreshed during an intake stroke associated with such first fired working cycle. 14. A method as recited in claim 12 wherein cylinder working cycles are selectively skipped or fired during the skip fire operation of the internal combustion engine and the air springs with re-intake valve management scheme includes:
for each skipped working cycle, holding the at least one exhaust valve associated with the cylinder in which such skipped working cycle occurs closed during an exhaust stroke associated with such skipped working cycle. 15. A method as recited in claim 14 wherein the air springs with re-intake valve management scheme further includes:
for each first skipped working cycle that immediately follows one of the fired working cycles within a selected one of the cylinders, causing an air charge to be introduced into the selected cylinder during such first skipped working cycle; and
for each first fired working cycle that immediately follows one of the skipped working cycles within the selected cylinder, causing the air charge within the cylinder to be refreshed during an intake stroke associated with such first fired working cycle. 16. A method as recited in claim 12 wherein the air springs with re-intake valve management scheme reduces oil consumption relative to a valve management scheme in which combustion gases are exhausted during fired working cycles and no air charge in introduced during the first skipped working cycles. 17. A method as recited in claim 12 wherein the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine. 18. A method as recited in claim 12 wherein the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine. 19. A method as recited in claim 12 wherein the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine. 20. An engine controller configured to direct operation of an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders in a skip fire manner, each cylinder having at least one associated intake valve and at least one associated exhaust valve, the engine controller comprising:
a fire/skip sequence generator, wherein the fire/skip sequence generator generates a sequence of skip/fire decisions; and a firing controller configured to direct skip fire operation of the internal combustion engine using an air springs with re-intake valve management scheme. 21. An engine controller as recited in claim 20 wherein the firing controller is further configured to, during the skip fire using the air springs with re-intake valve management operation of the engine:
for each first skipped working cycle that immediately follows one of the fired working cycles within a selected one of the cylinders, cause an air charge to be introduced into the selected cylinder during such first skipped working cycle; and
for each first fired working cycle that immediately follows one of the skipped working cycles within the selected cylinder, cause the air charge within the cylinder to be refreshed during an intake stroke associated with such first fired working cycle. 22. An engine controller as recited in claim 20 wherein the firing controller is further configured to, during the skip fire using the air springs with re-intake valve management operation of the engine:
for each skipped working cycle, holding the at least one exhaust valve associated with the cylinder in which such skipped working cycle occurs closed during an exhaust stroke associated with such skipped working cycle. 23. An engine controller as recited in claim 22 wherein the firing controller is further configured to, during the skip fire using the air springs with re-intake valve management operation of the engine:
for each first skipped working cycle that immediately follows one of the fired working cycles within a selected one of the cylinders, cause an air charge to be introduced into the selected cylinder during such first skipped working cycle; and
for each first fired working cycle that immediately follows one of the skipped working cycles within the selected cylinder, cause the air charge within the cylinder to be refreshed during an intake stroke associated with such first fired working cycle. 24. An engine controller as recited in claim 20 wherein the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine. 25. An engine controller as recited in claim 20 wherein the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine. 26. An engine controller as recited in claim 20 wherein the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine. | Various methods and arrangements for improving fuel economy and noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) in a skip fire controlled engine are described. An engine controller dynamically selects a gas spring type for a skipped firing opportunity. Determination of the skip/fire pattern and gas spring type may be made on a firing opportunity by firing opportunity basis.1. A method of controlling an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders during skip fire operation of the engine, each cylinder including at least one associated intake valve and at least one associated exhaust valve, the method comprising:
(i) determining that a first skipped working cycle in a first selected cylinder will not be fired; (ii) actuating a first intake valve associated with the first selected cylinder such that the first intake valve is open during at least a portion of an intake stroke of the first skipped working cycle; (iii) holding the at least one exhaust valve associated with the first selected cylinder closed during an exhaust stroke associated with the first skipped working cycle; and (iv) actuating the first intake valve during at least a portion of the intake stroke of a first fired working cycle that occurs after the first skipped working cycle in the first selected cylinder, the first fired working cycle being the first working cycle in the selected cylinder that is fired after the first skipped working cycle. 2. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the first skipped working cycle immediately follows an earlier fired working cycle in the first selected cylinder. 3. A method as recited in claim 1 further comprising repeating (i)-(iv) for each skipped working cycle that immediately follows an earlier fired working cycle in the same cylinder. 4. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein at least one additional skipped working cycle occurs in the first selected cylinder between the first skipped working cycle and the first fired working cycle. 5. A method as recited in claim 4 wherein:
the first intake valve is not actuated during any of the at least one additional skipped working cycle(s) that occur in the first selected cylinder between the first skipped working cycle and the first fired working cycle; and
holding the at least one exhaust valve associated with the first selected cylinder closed during each of the at least one additional skipped working cycle(s). 6. A method as recited in claim 5 wherein the first skipped working cycle immediately follows an earlier fired working cycle in the first selected cylinder. 7. A method as recited in claim 4 wherein the first intake valve is actuated during a selected one of the at least one additional skipped working cycle(s) that occur in the first selected cylinder between the first skipped working cycle and the first fired working cycle. 8. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine. 9. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine. 10. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine. 11. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein cams are used to actuate the valves associated with the selected cylinder. 12. A method of operating an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, each cylinder having at least one associated intake valve and at least one associated exhaust valve, the method comprising:
directing skip fire operation of the internal combustion engine using an air spring with re-intake valve management scheme. 13. A method as recited in claim 12 wherein the air springs with re-intake valve management scheme includes:
for each first skipped working cycle within a selected one of the cylinders that immediately follows a fired working cycle within the selected cylinder, causing an air charge to be introduced into the selected cylinder during such first skipped working cycle; and
for each first fired working cycle that immediately follows a skipped working cycles within the selected cylinder, causing the air charge within the cylinder to be refreshed during an intake stroke associated with such first fired working cycle. 14. A method as recited in claim 12 wherein cylinder working cycles are selectively skipped or fired during the skip fire operation of the internal combustion engine and the air springs with re-intake valve management scheme includes:
for each skipped working cycle, holding the at least one exhaust valve associated with the cylinder in which such skipped working cycle occurs closed during an exhaust stroke associated with such skipped working cycle. 15. A method as recited in claim 14 wherein the air springs with re-intake valve management scheme further includes:
for each first skipped working cycle that immediately follows one of the fired working cycles within a selected one of the cylinders, causing an air charge to be introduced into the selected cylinder during such first skipped working cycle; and
for each first fired working cycle that immediately follows one of the skipped working cycles within the selected cylinder, causing the air charge within the cylinder to be refreshed during an intake stroke associated with such first fired working cycle. 16. A method as recited in claim 12 wherein the air springs with re-intake valve management scheme reduces oil consumption relative to a valve management scheme in which combustion gases are exhausted during fired working cycles and no air charge in introduced during the first skipped working cycles. 17. A method as recited in claim 12 wherein the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine. 18. A method as recited in claim 12 wherein the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine. 19. A method as recited in claim 12 wherein the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine. 20. An engine controller configured to direct operation of an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders in a skip fire manner, each cylinder having at least one associated intake valve and at least one associated exhaust valve, the engine controller comprising:
a fire/skip sequence generator, wherein the fire/skip sequence generator generates a sequence of skip/fire decisions; and a firing controller configured to direct skip fire operation of the internal combustion engine using an air springs with re-intake valve management scheme. 21. An engine controller as recited in claim 20 wherein the firing controller is further configured to, during the skip fire using the air springs with re-intake valve management operation of the engine:
for each first skipped working cycle that immediately follows one of the fired working cycles within a selected one of the cylinders, cause an air charge to be introduced into the selected cylinder during such first skipped working cycle; and
for each first fired working cycle that immediately follows one of the skipped working cycles within the selected cylinder, cause the air charge within the cylinder to be refreshed during an intake stroke associated with such first fired working cycle. 22. An engine controller as recited in claim 20 wherein the firing controller is further configured to, during the skip fire using the air springs with re-intake valve management operation of the engine:
for each skipped working cycle, holding the at least one exhaust valve associated with the cylinder in which such skipped working cycle occurs closed during an exhaust stroke associated with such skipped working cycle. 23. An engine controller as recited in claim 22 wherein the firing controller is further configured to, during the skip fire using the air springs with re-intake valve management operation of the engine:
for each first skipped working cycle that immediately follows one of the fired working cycles within a selected one of the cylinders, cause an air charge to be introduced into the selected cylinder during such first skipped working cycle; and
for each first fired working cycle that immediately follows one of the skipped working cycles within the selected cylinder, cause the air charge within the cylinder to be refreshed during an intake stroke associated with such first fired working cycle. 24. An engine controller as recited in claim 20 wherein the internal combustion engine is a spark ignition engine. 25. An engine controller as recited in claim 20 wherein the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine. 26. An engine controller as recited in claim 20 wherein the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine. | 3,700 |
339,728 | 16,800,667 | 3,747 | A vibration analyzer is configured to analyze vibration of a machine component and which is capable of performing an operation on a basis of a signal received from an information terminal and transmitting a signal obtained as a result of the operation to the information terminal. The vibration analyzer includes a vibration sensor configured to detect a vibration of the machine component, a filter processing unit configured to extract a predetermined frequency band from a waveform of a signal detected by the vibration sensor, and a calculation processing unit configured to analyze frequency of a waveform after filter processing obtained by the filter processing unit and to obtain spectrum data. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce a data amount to be transmitted between the analyzer and the information terminal, thereby shortening data transfer time. | 1. A vibration analyzer comprising:
a vibration sensor configured to detect a vibration of a machine component; and at least one hardware processor configured to implement:
analyzing the vibration of the machine component,
controlling performance of an operation on a basis of a first signal received from an information terminal, and
controlling transmission of a second signal, obtained as a result of the operation, to the information terminal,
wherein analyzing the vibration of the machine component comprises:
extracting a predetermined frequency band from a waveform of the vibration; and
obtaining spectrum data from the waveform in the predetermined frequency band,
wherein the spectrum data comprises a frequency spectrum of the waveform in the predetermined frequency band, and wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to control transmission of the spectrum data, comprising the frequency spectrum, to the information terminal. 2. The vibration analyzer according to claim 1,
wherein the vibration analyzer is a wireless type vibration analyzer. 3. A machine component diagnosis system comprising:
the vibration analyzer according to claim 1; and the information terminal, wherein the information terminal is configured to transmit the first signal to the vibration analyzer and to receive the second signal from the vibration analyzer, wherein the information terminal comprises at least one second hardware processor configured to implement control of:
comparing a frequency component, from the waveform, to a value corresponding to a predetermined frequency component that is predetermined to be generated by the machine component in a damaged state,
diagnosing an abnormality of the machine component as a result of comparing the analyzed frequency component to the value, and
a display unit configured to output a diagnosis result of diagnosing the abnormality. 4. The machine component diagnosis system according to claim 3,
wherein the information terminal further comprises a database, wherein the database comprises the value and a plurality of other values, and wherein the other values respectively correspond to other predetermined frequency components that are predetermined to be generated by other machine components in other damaged states. 5. The machine component diagnosis system according to claim 4,
wherein the machine component is a bearing, wherein the predetermined frequency component that is predetermined to be generated by at least one of an inner ring, an outer ring, a rolling element and a cage of the bearing. | A vibration analyzer is configured to analyze vibration of a machine component and which is capable of performing an operation on a basis of a signal received from an information terminal and transmitting a signal obtained as a result of the operation to the information terminal. The vibration analyzer includes a vibration sensor configured to detect a vibration of the machine component, a filter processing unit configured to extract a predetermined frequency band from a waveform of a signal detected by the vibration sensor, and a calculation processing unit configured to analyze frequency of a waveform after filter processing obtained by the filter processing unit and to obtain spectrum data. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce a data amount to be transmitted between the analyzer and the information terminal, thereby shortening data transfer time.1. A vibration analyzer comprising:
a vibration sensor configured to detect a vibration of a machine component; and at least one hardware processor configured to implement:
analyzing the vibration of the machine component,
controlling performance of an operation on a basis of a first signal received from an information terminal, and
controlling transmission of a second signal, obtained as a result of the operation, to the information terminal,
wherein analyzing the vibration of the machine component comprises:
extracting a predetermined frequency band from a waveform of the vibration; and
obtaining spectrum data from the waveform in the predetermined frequency band,
wherein the spectrum data comprises a frequency spectrum of the waveform in the predetermined frequency band, and wherein the at least one hardware processor is further configured to control transmission of the spectrum data, comprising the frequency spectrum, to the information terminal. 2. The vibration analyzer according to claim 1,
wherein the vibration analyzer is a wireless type vibration analyzer. 3. A machine component diagnosis system comprising:
the vibration analyzer according to claim 1; and the information terminal, wherein the information terminal is configured to transmit the first signal to the vibration analyzer and to receive the second signal from the vibration analyzer, wherein the information terminal comprises at least one second hardware processor configured to implement control of:
comparing a frequency component, from the waveform, to a value corresponding to a predetermined frequency component that is predetermined to be generated by the machine component in a damaged state,
diagnosing an abnormality of the machine component as a result of comparing the analyzed frequency component to the value, and
a display unit configured to output a diagnosis result of diagnosing the abnormality. 4. The machine component diagnosis system according to claim 3,
wherein the information terminal further comprises a database, wherein the database comprises the value and a plurality of other values, and wherein the other values respectively correspond to other predetermined frequency components that are predetermined to be generated by other machine components in other damaged states. 5. The machine component diagnosis system according to claim 4,
wherein the machine component is a bearing, wherein the predetermined frequency component that is predetermined to be generated by at least one of an inner ring, an outer ring, a rolling element and a cage of the bearing. | 3,700 |
339,729 | 16,800,700 | 3,747 | A deposit amount managing method includes: a process in which, in response to a request from a terminal machine to which a remittance amount of value, a type of currency, and a bank account of a remittee are input, the deposit amount managing device verifies the terminal machine, and if the request is valid, an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the remittance amount and the type of currency to function as an execution of the remittance is displayed on the terminal machine; a process in which, based on the approval at the terminal machine, the deposit amount managing device receives a request of remitting the remittance amount in the type of currency to the bank account of the remittee; and a process in which the type of currency of the remittance amount is converted in the deposit amount managing device based on an exchange rate. | 1. A deposit amount management method comprising the steps of:
in response to a request from a terminal machine to which a remittance amount of value, a type of currency, and a bank account of a remittee are input, verifying the terminal machine by a deposit amount managing device, and if the request is valid, displaying an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the remittance amount and the type of currency to function as an execution of remittance; based on the approval at the terminal machine, receiving, by the deposit amount managing device, a request from the terminal machine for remitting the remittance amount in the type of currency to a bank account of the remittee; converting the type of currency of the remittance amount based on an exchange rate at the deposit amount managing device; and generating an account transfer requesting message by the deposit amount managing device, sending the message to a financial institution system, and by the financial institution system, drawing the remittance amount in the converted type of currency from a target account of the deposit amount managing device and transferring the drawn amount to the bank account specified by the account transfer requesting message. 2. The deposit amount managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
a timing to update the exchange rate is set at one or more predetermined timing in a local time of a region where the deposit amount managing device exists. 3. The deposit amount managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
when the type of currency in money exchange is not specified in advance, the type of currency used in a region where the bank account of the remittee exists is specified, and the specified type of currency is displayed on the approval confirmation screen. | A deposit amount managing method includes: a process in which, in response to a request from a terminal machine to which a remittance amount of value, a type of currency, and a bank account of a remittee are input, the deposit amount managing device verifies the terminal machine, and if the request is valid, an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the remittance amount and the type of currency to function as an execution of the remittance is displayed on the terminal machine; a process in which, based on the approval at the terminal machine, the deposit amount managing device receives a request of remitting the remittance amount in the type of currency to the bank account of the remittee; and a process in which the type of currency of the remittance amount is converted in the deposit amount managing device based on an exchange rate.1. A deposit amount management method comprising the steps of:
in response to a request from a terminal machine to which a remittance amount of value, a type of currency, and a bank account of a remittee are input, verifying the terminal machine by a deposit amount managing device, and if the request is valid, displaying an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the remittance amount and the type of currency to function as an execution of remittance; based on the approval at the terminal machine, receiving, by the deposit amount managing device, a request from the terminal machine for remitting the remittance amount in the type of currency to a bank account of the remittee; converting the type of currency of the remittance amount based on an exchange rate at the deposit amount managing device; and generating an account transfer requesting message by the deposit amount managing device, sending the message to a financial institution system, and by the financial institution system, drawing the remittance amount in the converted type of currency from a target account of the deposit amount managing device and transferring the drawn amount to the bank account specified by the account transfer requesting message. 2. The deposit amount managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
a timing to update the exchange rate is set at one or more predetermined timing in a local time of a region where the deposit amount managing device exists. 3. The deposit amount managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
when the type of currency in money exchange is not specified in advance, the type of currency used in a region where the bank account of the remittee exists is specified, and the specified type of currency is displayed on the approval confirmation screen. | 3,700 |
339,730 | 16,800,661 | 3,747 | Acoustic transducers generate and receive acoustic signals at multiple locations along a surface of rigid structure, wherein longitudinal spacing between transducer locations define measurement zones. Acoustic signals with chosen amplitude-time-frequency characteristics excite multiple vibration modes in the structure within each zone. Small mechanical changes in inspection zones lead to scattering and attenuation of broadband acoustic signals, which are detectable as changes in received signal characteristics as part of a through-transmission technique. Additional use of short, narrowband pulse acoustic signals as part of a pulse-echo technique allows determination of the relative location of the mechanical change within each zone based on the differential delay profiles. For accurate acoustic modeling and simulation, the mesh size, time step, time delay, and time-window size are optimized. Frequency normalization of the Short-Time Fourier Transform of acoustic response output improves experiment-simulation cross-validation. Applications of the method to structures with arbitrarily complex geometries are also demonstrated. | 1. A method for detecting and monitoring a mechanical change in an elongated rigid structure, the method comprising:
locating a first acoustic transducer at a first location along a surface of the rigid structure; locating a second acoustic transducer at a second location along the surface of the rigid structure; locating a third acoustic transducer at a third location along the surface of the rigid structure, wherein the second location is between the first location and the third location, a longitudinal spacing between the first location and the second location define a first zone, and a longitudinal spacing between the second location and the third location define a second zone; generating, with the second acoustic transducer, a baseline broadband acoustic signal along the rigid elongated structure; obtaining, with the first acoustic transducer, a first baseline transmission signal responsive to the baseline broadband acoustic signal in the first zone and obtaining, with the third acoustic transducer, a second baseline transmission signal responsive to the baseline broadband acoustic signal in the second zone; generating, with the second acoustic transducer, a monitoring broadband acoustic signal along the rigid elongated structure; obtaining, with the first acoustic transducer, a first monitoring transmission signal responsive to the monitoring broadband acoustic signal in the first zone and obtaining, with the third acoustic transducer, a second monitoring transmission signal responsive to the monitoring transmission signal in the second zone; determining a first differential transmission signal as a difference between the first monitoring transmission signal and the first baseline transmission signal; determining a second differential transmission signal as a difference between the second monitoring transmission signal and the second baseline transmission signal; and determining if the mechanical change occurred in the first zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the first differential transmission signal or if the mechanical change occurred in the second zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the second differential transmission signal; wherein determination of if the mechanical change occurred in the first zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the first differential transmission signal or if the mechanical change occurred in the second zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the second differential transmission signal is validated based on an acoustic modeling and numerical simulation of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating, with the second acoustic transducer, a baseline narrow-band pulse acoustic signal along the elongated rigid structure; obtaining, with the first acoustic transducer, a first baseline response signal responsive to the baseline narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the first and second zones and obtaining, with the third acoustic transducer, a second baseline response signal responsive to the baseline narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the second and first zones; generating, with the second acoustic transducer, a monitoring narrow-band pulse acoustic signal along the elongated rigid structure; obtaining, with the first acoustic transducer, a first monitoring response signal responsive to the monitoring narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the first and second zones and obtaining, with the third acoustic transducer, a second monitoring response signal responsive to the monitoring narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the second and first zones; determining a first differential response signal as a difference between the first monitoring response signal and the first baseline response signal; determining a second differential response signal as a difference between the second monitoring response signal and the second baseline response signal; generating a first differential delay profile as a function of the first differential response signal as compared with the second differential response signal; generating a second differential delay profile as a function of the second differential response signal as compared with the first differential response signal; and determining the relative location of the mechanical change within the first zone or the second zone based on the first differential delay profile and the second differential delay profile; wherein determination of the relative location of the mechanical change within the first zone or the second zone based on the first differential delay profile and the second differential delay profile is validated based on the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure is defined by a mesh size, a time step, a time delay, and a time window, the mesh size defining a spatial resolution of the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation, the time step defining a temporal resolution of the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation, the time delay defining the difference in time between acoustic excitation and start of acoustic response acquisition, and the time window defining a response acquisition duration for simulated excitation of the elongated rigid structure. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the mesh size is determined based on:
a first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure without the mechanical change, the first trial numerical simulation run using a trial mesh size; generation of a Short-Time-Fourier-Transform map based on the first trial numerical simulation; determination of active modes based on the Short-Time-Fourier-Transform map, the active modes associated with wavelengths; and determination of the mesh size based on the wavelengths. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the trial mesh size is determined based on a highest frequency of interest. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the determination of the mesh size based on the wavelengths includes:
determination of a maximum mesh size based on a shortest wavelength among the wavelengths from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure; a second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure, the second trial numerical simulation run using the maximum mesh element size; identification of wavelengths of interest based on the second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure; and determination of the mesh size based on shorter of the shortest wavelength from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure and a shortest wavelength of interest from the second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein:
responsive to the shortest wavelength of interest being longer than the shortest wavelength from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure, the mesh size is determined to be the maximum mesh size; and responsive to the shortest wavelength of interest being shorter than the shortest wavelength from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure, the mesh size is determined based on the shortest wavelength of interest from the second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the time step is determined based on the mesh size and a fastest wave velocity among wave velocities associated with the active modes. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the window size is limited by the mesh size. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein numerical simulation output and experiment output of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure in a frequency-time domain are normalized by a local maximum across frequencies to facilitate cross-validation of the numerical simulation output and the experiment output. 11. A system that detects and monitors a mechanical change in an elongated rigid structure, the system comprising:
a first acoustic transducer located at a first location along a surface of the rigid structure; a second acoustic transducer located at a second location along the surface of the rigid structure; and a third acoustic transducer located at a third location along the surface of the rigid structure, wherein the second location is between the first location and the third location, a longitudinal spacing between the first location and the second location define a first zone, and a longitudinal spacing between the second location and the third location define a second zone; wherein:
the second acoustic transducer is configured to generate a baseline broadband acoustic signal along the rigid elongated structure;
the first acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a first baseline transmission signal responsive to the baseline broadband acoustic signal in the first zone;
the third acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a second baseline transmission signal responsive to the baseline broadband acoustic signal in the second zone;
the second acoustic transducer is configured to generate a monitoring broadband acoustic signal along the rigid elongated structure;
the first acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a first monitoring transmission signal responsive to the monitoring broadband acoustic signal in the first zone;
the third acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a second monitoring transmission signal responsive to the monitoring transmission signal in the second zone;
a first differential transmission signal is determined as a difference between the first monitoring transmission signal and the first baseline transmission signal;
a second differential transmission signal is determined as a difference between the second monitoring transmission signal and the second baseline transmission signal;
if the mechanical change occurred in the first zone of the elongated rigid structure is determined based on the first differential transmission signal or if the mechanical change occurred in the second zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the second differential transmission signal; and
determination of if the mechanical change occurred in the first zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the first differential transmission signal or if the mechanical change occurred in the second zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the second differential transmission signal is validated based on an acoustic modeling and numerical simulation of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the second acoustic transducer is configured to generate a baseline narrow-band pulse acoustic signal along the elongated rigid structure; the first acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a first baseline response signal responsive to the baseline narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the first and second zones; the third acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a second baseline response signal responsive to the baseline narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the second and first zones; the second acoustic transducer is configured to generate a monitoring narrow-band pulse acoustic signal along the elongated rigid structure; the first acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a first monitoring response signal responsive to the monitoring narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the first and second zones; the third acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a second monitoring response signal responsive to the monitoring narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the second and first zones; a first differential response signal is determined as a difference between the first monitoring response signal and the first baseline response signal; a second differential response signal is determined as a difference between the second monitoring response signal and the second baseline response signal; a first differential delay profile is generated as a function of the first differential response signal as compared with the second differential response signal; a second differential delay profile is generated as a function of the second differential response signal as compared with the first differential response signal; and the relative location of the mechanical change within the first zone or the second zone is determined based on the first differential delay profile and the second differential delay profile; and determination of the relative location of the mechanical change within the first zone or the second zone based on the first differential delay profile and the second differential delay profile is validated based on the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure is defined by a mesh size, a time step, a time delay, and a time window, the mesh size defining a spatial resolution of the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation, the time step defining a temporal resolution of the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation, the time delay defining the difference in time between acoustic excitation and start of acoustic response acquisition, and the time window defining a response acquisition duration for simulated excitation of the elongated rigid structure. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the mesh size is determined based on:
a first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure without the mechanical change, the first trial numerical simulation run using a trial mesh size; generation of a Short-Time-Fourier-Transform map based on the first trial numerical simulation; determination of active modes based on the Short-Time-Fourier-Transform map, the active modes associated with wavelengths; and determination of the mesh size based on the wavelengths. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the trial mesh size is determined based on a highest frequency of interest. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the determination of the mesh size based on the wavelengths includes:
determination of a maximum mesh size based on a shortest wavelength among the wavelengths from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure; a second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure, the second trial numerical simulation run using the maximum mesh element size; identification of wavelengths of interest based on the second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure; and determination of the mesh size based on shorter of the shortest wavelength from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure and a shortest wavelength of interest from the second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein:
responsive to the shortest wavelength of interest being longer than the shortest wavelength from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure, the mesh size is determined to be the maximum mesh size; and responsive to the shortest wavelength of interest being shorter than the shortest wavelength from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure, the mesh size is determined based on the shortest wavelength of interest from the second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the time step is determined based on the mesh size and a fastest wave velocity among wave velocities associated with the active modes. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the window size is limited by the mesh size. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein numerical simulation output and experiment output of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure in a frequency-time domain are normalized by a local maximum across frequencies to facilitate cross-validation of the numerical simulation output and the experiment output. | Acoustic transducers generate and receive acoustic signals at multiple locations along a surface of rigid structure, wherein longitudinal spacing between transducer locations define measurement zones. Acoustic signals with chosen amplitude-time-frequency characteristics excite multiple vibration modes in the structure within each zone. Small mechanical changes in inspection zones lead to scattering and attenuation of broadband acoustic signals, which are detectable as changes in received signal characteristics as part of a through-transmission technique. Additional use of short, narrowband pulse acoustic signals as part of a pulse-echo technique allows determination of the relative location of the mechanical change within each zone based on the differential delay profiles. For accurate acoustic modeling and simulation, the mesh size, time step, time delay, and time-window size are optimized. Frequency normalization of the Short-Time Fourier Transform of acoustic response output improves experiment-simulation cross-validation. Applications of the method to structures with arbitrarily complex geometries are also demonstrated.1. A method for detecting and monitoring a mechanical change in an elongated rigid structure, the method comprising:
locating a first acoustic transducer at a first location along a surface of the rigid structure; locating a second acoustic transducer at a second location along the surface of the rigid structure; locating a third acoustic transducer at a third location along the surface of the rigid structure, wherein the second location is between the first location and the third location, a longitudinal spacing between the first location and the second location define a first zone, and a longitudinal spacing between the second location and the third location define a second zone; generating, with the second acoustic transducer, a baseline broadband acoustic signal along the rigid elongated structure; obtaining, with the first acoustic transducer, a first baseline transmission signal responsive to the baseline broadband acoustic signal in the first zone and obtaining, with the third acoustic transducer, a second baseline transmission signal responsive to the baseline broadband acoustic signal in the second zone; generating, with the second acoustic transducer, a monitoring broadband acoustic signal along the rigid elongated structure; obtaining, with the first acoustic transducer, a first monitoring transmission signal responsive to the monitoring broadband acoustic signal in the first zone and obtaining, with the third acoustic transducer, a second monitoring transmission signal responsive to the monitoring transmission signal in the second zone; determining a first differential transmission signal as a difference between the first monitoring transmission signal and the first baseline transmission signal; determining a second differential transmission signal as a difference between the second monitoring transmission signal and the second baseline transmission signal; and determining if the mechanical change occurred in the first zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the first differential transmission signal or if the mechanical change occurred in the second zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the second differential transmission signal; wherein determination of if the mechanical change occurred in the first zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the first differential transmission signal or if the mechanical change occurred in the second zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the second differential transmission signal is validated based on an acoustic modeling and numerical simulation of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating, with the second acoustic transducer, a baseline narrow-band pulse acoustic signal along the elongated rigid structure; obtaining, with the first acoustic transducer, a first baseline response signal responsive to the baseline narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the first and second zones and obtaining, with the third acoustic transducer, a second baseline response signal responsive to the baseline narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the second and first zones; generating, with the second acoustic transducer, a monitoring narrow-band pulse acoustic signal along the elongated rigid structure; obtaining, with the first acoustic transducer, a first monitoring response signal responsive to the monitoring narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the first and second zones and obtaining, with the third acoustic transducer, a second monitoring response signal responsive to the monitoring narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the second and first zones; determining a first differential response signal as a difference between the first monitoring response signal and the first baseline response signal; determining a second differential response signal as a difference between the second monitoring response signal and the second baseline response signal; generating a first differential delay profile as a function of the first differential response signal as compared with the second differential response signal; generating a second differential delay profile as a function of the second differential response signal as compared with the first differential response signal; and determining the relative location of the mechanical change within the first zone or the second zone based on the first differential delay profile and the second differential delay profile; wherein determination of the relative location of the mechanical change within the first zone or the second zone based on the first differential delay profile and the second differential delay profile is validated based on the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure is defined by a mesh size, a time step, a time delay, and a time window, the mesh size defining a spatial resolution of the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation, the time step defining a temporal resolution of the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation, the time delay defining the difference in time between acoustic excitation and start of acoustic response acquisition, and the time window defining a response acquisition duration for simulated excitation of the elongated rigid structure. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the mesh size is determined based on:
a first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure without the mechanical change, the first trial numerical simulation run using a trial mesh size; generation of a Short-Time-Fourier-Transform map based on the first trial numerical simulation; determination of active modes based on the Short-Time-Fourier-Transform map, the active modes associated with wavelengths; and determination of the mesh size based on the wavelengths. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the trial mesh size is determined based on a highest frequency of interest. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the determination of the mesh size based on the wavelengths includes:
determination of a maximum mesh size based on a shortest wavelength among the wavelengths from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure; a second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure, the second trial numerical simulation run using the maximum mesh element size; identification of wavelengths of interest based on the second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure; and determination of the mesh size based on shorter of the shortest wavelength from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure and a shortest wavelength of interest from the second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein:
responsive to the shortest wavelength of interest being longer than the shortest wavelength from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure, the mesh size is determined to be the maximum mesh size; and responsive to the shortest wavelength of interest being shorter than the shortest wavelength from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure, the mesh size is determined based on the shortest wavelength of interest from the second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the time step is determined based on the mesh size and a fastest wave velocity among wave velocities associated with the active modes. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the window size is limited by the mesh size. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein numerical simulation output and experiment output of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure in a frequency-time domain are normalized by a local maximum across frequencies to facilitate cross-validation of the numerical simulation output and the experiment output. 11. A system that detects and monitors a mechanical change in an elongated rigid structure, the system comprising:
a first acoustic transducer located at a first location along a surface of the rigid structure; a second acoustic transducer located at a second location along the surface of the rigid structure; and a third acoustic transducer located at a third location along the surface of the rigid structure, wherein the second location is between the first location and the third location, a longitudinal spacing between the first location and the second location define a first zone, and a longitudinal spacing between the second location and the third location define a second zone; wherein:
the second acoustic transducer is configured to generate a baseline broadband acoustic signal along the rigid elongated structure;
the first acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a first baseline transmission signal responsive to the baseline broadband acoustic signal in the first zone;
the third acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a second baseline transmission signal responsive to the baseline broadband acoustic signal in the second zone;
the second acoustic transducer is configured to generate a monitoring broadband acoustic signal along the rigid elongated structure;
the first acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a first monitoring transmission signal responsive to the monitoring broadband acoustic signal in the first zone;
the third acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a second monitoring transmission signal responsive to the monitoring transmission signal in the second zone;
a first differential transmission signal is determined as a difference between the first monitoring transmission signal and the first baseline transmission signal;
a second differential transmission signal is determined as a difference between the second monitoring transmission signal and the second baseline transmission signal;
if the mechanical change occurred in the first zone of the elongated rigid structure is determined based on the first differential transmission signal or if the mechanical change occurred in the second zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the second differential transmission signal; and
determination of if the mechanical change occurred in the first zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the first differential transmission signal or if the mechanical change occurred in the second zone of the elongated rigid structure based on the second differential transmission signal is validated based on an acoustic modeling and numerical simulation of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the second acoustic transducer is configured to generate a baseline narrow-band pulse acoustic signal along the elongated rigid structure; the first acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a first baseline response signal responsive to the baseline narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the first and second zones; the third acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a second baseline response signal responsive to the baseline narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the second and first zones; the second acoustic transducer is configured to generate a monitoring narrow-band pulse acoustic signal along the elongated rigid structure; the first acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a first monitoring response signal responsive to the monitoring narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the first and second zones; the third acoustic transducer is configured to obtain a second monitoring response signal responsive to the monitoring narrow-band pulse acoustic signal in the second and first zones; a first differential response signal is determined as a difference between the first monitoring response signal and the first baseline response signal; a second differential response signal is determined as a difference between the second monitoring response signal and the second baseline response signal; a first differential delay profile is generated as a function of the first differential response signal as compared with the second differential response signal; a second differential delay profile is generated as a function of the second differential response signal as compared with the first differential response signal; and the relative location of the mechanical change within the first zone or the second zone is determined based on the first differential delay profile and the second differential delay profile; and determination of the relative location of the mechanical change within the first zone or the second zone based on the first differential delay profile and the second differential delay profile is validated based on the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure is defined by a mesh size, a time step, a time delay, and a time window, the mesh size defining a spatial resolution of the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation, the time step defining a temporal resolution of the acoustic modeling and numerical simulation, the time delay defining the difference in time between acoustic excitation and start of acoustic response acquisition, and the time window defining a response acquisition duration for simulated excitation of the elongated rigid structure. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the mesh size is determined based on:
a first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure without the mechanical change, the first trial numerical simulation run using a trial mesh size; generation of a Short-Time-Fourier-Transform map based on the first trial numerical simulation; determination of active modes based on the Short-Time-Fourier-Transform map, the active modes associated with wavelengths; and determination of the mesh size based on the wavelengths. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the trial mesh size is determined based on a highest frequency of interest. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the determination of the mesh size based on the wavelengths includes:
determination of a maximum mesh size based on a shortest wavelength among the wavelengths from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure; a second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure, the second trial numerical simulation run using the maximum mesh element size; identification of wavelengths of interest based on the second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure; and determination of the mesh size based on shorter of the shortest wavelength from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure and a shortest wavelength of interest from the second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein:
responsive to the shortest wavelength of interest being longer than the shortest wavelength from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure, the mesh size is determined to be the maximum mesh size; and responsive to the shortest wavelength of interest being shorter than the shortest wavelength from the first trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure, the mesh size is determined based on the shortest wavelength of interest from the second trial numerical simulation of the elongated rigid structure. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the time step is determined based on the mesh size and a fastest wave velocity among wave velocities associated with the active modes. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the window size is limited by the mesh size. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein numerical simulation output and experiment output of the mechanical change in the elongated rigid structure in a frequency-time domain are normalized by a local maximum across frequencies to facilitate cross-validation of the numerical simulation output and the experiment output. | 3,700 |
339,731 | 16,800,664 | 3,747 | A retractable leash with integrated locking system includes a main body having a plurality of sides that define an interior space. An elongated leash cord extends through an aperture in the main body and is connected to a retractable mechanism that is positioned within the main body. A locking handle assembly is connected to the main body and transitions between an open position and a closed position. The handle assembly includes a fixed section and a movable section that is hingedly secured to the main body. An electronic lock is positioned within the handle assembly and is selectively activated by a biometric sensor. A location module is positioned within the main body, and a light and charging port are positioned along the main body. | 1. A leash system, comprising:
a main body having a plurality of sides that define an interior space; a retractable mechanism that is positioned within the interior space; an elongated leash cord that is in communication with the retractable mechanism, said leash cord extending outward from the main body; and a locking handle assembly that is in communication with the main body, said assembly being configured to transition between an open position and a closed position. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the locking handle assembly includes:
a fixed handle section having a first end that is in communication with the main body; and a movable handle section that is in communication with the main body and is selectively connected to the fixed handle. 3. The system of claim 2, further comprising a central opening that is formed by the fixed handle section, the movable handle section and a portion of the main body. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein in the closed position, the movable handle section is connected to the fixed handle section. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein in the open position, a gap is located between the fixed handle section and the movable handle section. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein said gap provides a pathway for accessing the central opening. 7. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a hinge that is positioned between the movable handle section and the main body. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the hinge includes a biasing force that transitions the handle assembly from the open position to the closed position. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
an actuator that is positioned along the main body, said actuator being configured to inhibit a movement of the retractable mechanism. 10. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
a switch that is in communication with the actuator, said switch functioning to selectively lock the actuator in an actuated position. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a battery that is positioned within the main body; and a light that is positioned along an exterior of the main body. | A retractable leash with integrated locking system includes a main body having a plurality of sides that define an interior space. An elongated leash cord extends through an aperture in the main body and is connected to a retractable mechanism that is positioned within the main body. A locking handle assembly is connected to the main body and transitions between an open position and a closed position. The handle assembly includes a fixed section and a movable section that is hingedly secured to the main body. An electronic lock is positioned within the handle assembly and is selectively activated by a biometric sensor. A location module is positioned within the main body, and a light and charging port are positioned along the main body.1. A leash system, comprising:
a main body having a plurality of sides that define an interior space; a retractable mechanism that is positioned within the interior space; an elongated leash cord that is in communication with the retractable mechanism, said leash cord extending outward from the main body; and a locking handle assembly that is in communication with the main body, said assembly being configured to transition between an open position and a closed position. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the locking handle assembly includes:
a fixed handle section having a first end that is in communication with the main body; and a movable handle section that is in communication with the main body and is selectively connected to the fixed handle. 3. The system of claim 2, further comprising a central opening that is formed by the fixed handle section, the movable handle section and a portion of the main body. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein in the closed position, the movable handle section is connected to the fixed handle section. 5. The system of claim 3, wherein in the open position, a gap is located between the fixed handle section and the movable handle section. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein said gap provides a pathway for accessing the central opening. 7. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a hinge that is positioned between the movable handle section and the main body. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the hinge includes a biasing force that transitions the handle assembly from the open position to the closed position. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
an actuator that is positioned along the main body, said actuator being configured to inhibit a movement of the retractable mechanism. 10. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
a switch that is in communication with the actuator, said switch functioning to selectively lock the actuator in an actuated position. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a battery that is positioned within the main body; and a light that is positioned along an exterior of the main body. | 3,700 |
339,732 | 16,800,660 | 3,747 | A pneumatic control device includes a base seat unit, a cylinder unit and a time-delay unit. The cylinder unit is mounted the base seat unit, and is able to drive rotational movement. The time-delay unit is mounted to the base seat unit, and includes sequentially interconnected delay switch, flow-limiting valve, pressure accumulator and a control valve. The delay switch is operable to move between an action position whereat the cylinder unit drives the rotational movement, and a non-action position. When the delay switch is moved to the non-action position, the cylinder unit keeps driving the rotational movement for a period of time and then stops. | 1. A pneumatic control device adapted to be fluidly connected to a pneumatic supplier, comprising:
a base seat unit having an axial hole that extends along an axial line, an intake channel that is adapted to be fluidly connected to the pneumatic supplier, a first retaining space that is fluidly connected to said intake channel, a second retaining space that is fluidly connected to said intake channel, a first guide channel that fluidly communicates said first retaining space with said axial hole, a second guide channel that fluidly communicates said second retaining space with said axial hole, and a vent hole that fluidly communicates said axial hole with external environment; a first rotation control unit installed in said first retaining space, and operable to move between at an action position whereat fluid communication between said intake channel and said first guide channel is permitted, and a non-action position whereat the fluid communication between said intake channel and said first guide channel is prevented; a second rotation control unit installed in said second retaining space, and operable to move between an action position whereat fluid communication between said intake channel and said second guide channel is permitted, and a non-action position whereat the fluid communication between said intake channel and said second guide channel is prevented; a cylinder unit installed in said axial hole of said base seat unit, and able to drive a first rotational movement about the axial line upon receipt of fluid from said first guide channel and to drive a second rotational movement opposite to the first rotational movement upon receipt of fluid from said second guide channel; an output unit installed in said axial hole of said base seat unit, and connected to an end of said cylinder unit along the axial line for outputting the rotation generated by said cylinder unit; and a time-delay unit mounted to said base seat unit, and including a delay switch that is adapted to be fluidly connected to the pneumatic supplier, a flow-limiting valve that is connected downstream of said delay switch, a pressure accumulator that is connected downstream of said flow-limiting valve, and a control valve that is connected downstream of said pressure accumulator and that is fluidly connected to said first retaining space and the pneumatic supplier; wherein said delay switch is operable to move between an action position and a non-action position, when said delay switch is at the action position, said control valve permitting fluid communication between the pneumatic supplier and said first retaining space therethrough, when said delay switch is moved to the non-action position, said control valve maintaining the fluid communication between the pneumatic supplier and said first retaining space fora period of time and then preventing the fluid communication between the pneumatic supplier and said first retaining space. 2. The pneumatic control device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said base seat unit includes a first base seat, and a second base seat that is connected to an end of said first base seat along the axial line by bolts, said axial hole including a first hole section that is formed in said first base seat and that is defined by an inner surrounding surface of said first base seat surrounding the axial line, and a second hole section that is formed in said second base seat and that is defined by an inner surrounding surface of said second base seat surrounding the axial line, said first base seat further having a drain groove that is formed in said inner surrounding surface, that extends about the axial line and that is in fluid communication with said vent hole, said intake channel, said first retaining space, said second retaining space and said vent hole being formed in said first base seat. 3. The pneumatic control device as claimed in claim 2, wherein said second base seat further has a drain hole that fluidly communicates said second hole section with the external environment. 4. The pneumatic control device as claimed in claim 3, wherein said base seat unit further includes a rear cover that is connected to another end of said first base seat opposite to said second base seat by bolts, said first guide channel including a first guide channel portion that is formed in said first base seat, and a first extending channel portion that is formed in said rear cover and that fluidly communicates said first guide channel portion with said axial hole, said second guide channel including a second guide channel portion that is formed in said first base seat, and a second extending channel portion that is formed in said rear cover and that fluidly communicates said second guide channel portion with said axial hole 5. The pneumatic control device as claimed in claim 4, wherein said cylinder unit includes a cylinder that is mounted in said axial hole, a rotor that is mounted in said cylinder, and a plurality of angularly spaced-apart vanes that are mounted to said rotor, said cylinder having a cylinder wall that defines a chamber therein, said chamber being eccentric with respect to the axial line, said cylinder wall being formed with a first inlet that is parallel to the axial line and that fluidly communicates said first guide channel with said chamber, a second inlet that is parallel to the axial line and that fluidly communicates said second guide channel with said chamber, and two communication holes that fluidly communicate said vent hole with said chamber, said rotor having an outer surrounding surface that surrounds the axial line, and a plurality of angularly spaced-apart slide grooves that are formed in said outer surrounding surface, said vanes being respectively and slidably mounted in said slide grooves. 6. The pneumatic control device as claimed in claim 5, wherein said rotor further has a connecting axle portion, said output unit including a cage that is co-rotatably connected to said rotor, an output shaft that is mounted to said cage, and at least one hammer that is pivotally connected to said cage for driving rotation of said output shaft, said cage having a coupling hole that is co-rotatably engaged with said connecting axle portion of said rotor, said output shaft having at least one struck portion that corresponds in position to said hammer, said hammer being driven by said rotor via said cage to strike said output shaft so as to drive rotation of said output shaft. 7. The pneumatic control device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an adjustment unit that is mounted to said base seat unit, and that is fluidly connected between said intake channel and the pneumatic supplier for adjusting flow rate of pressured air flowing into said intake channel. | A pneumatic control device includes a base seat unit, a cylinder unit and a time-delay unit. The cylinder unit is mounted the base seat unit, and is able to drive rotational movement. The time-delay unit is mounted to the base seat unit, and includes sequentially interconnected delay switch, flow-limiting valve, pressure accumulator and a control valve. The delay switch is operable to move between an action position whereat the cylinder unit drives the rotational movement, and a non-action position. When the delay switch is moved to the non-action position, the cylinder unit keeps driving the rotational movement for a period of time and then stops.1. A pneumatic control device adapted to be fluidly connected to a pneumatic supplier, comprising:
a base seat unit having an axial hole that extends along an axial line, an intake channel that is adapted to be fluidly connected to the pneumatic supplier, a first retaining space that is fluidly connected to said intake channel, a second retaining space that is fluidly connected to said intake channel, a first guide channel that fluidly communicates said first retaining space with said axial hole, a second guide channel that fluidly communicates said second retaining space with said axial hole, and a vent hole that fluidly communicates said axial hole with external environment; a first rotation control unit installed in said first retaining space, and operable to move between at an action position whereat fluid communication between said intake channel and said first guide channel is permitted, and a non-action position whereat the fluid communication between said intake channel and said first guide channel is prevented; a second rotation control unit installed in said second retaining space, and operable to move between an action position whereat fluid communication between said intake channel and said second guide channel is permitted, and a non-action position whereat the fluid communication between said intake channel and said second guide channel is prevented; a cylinder unit installed in said axial hole of said base seat unit, and able to drive a first rotational movement about the axial line upon receipt of fluid from said first guide channel and to drive a second rotational movement opposite to the first rotational movement upon receipt of fluid from said second guide channel; an output unit installed in said axial hole of said base seat unit, and connected to an end of said cylinder unit along the axial line for outputting the rotation generated by said cylinder unit; and a time-delay unit mounted to said base seat unit, and including a delay switch that is adapted to be fluidly connected to the pneumatic supplier, a flow-limiting valve that is connected downstream of said delay switch, a pressure accumulator that is connected downstream of said flow-limiting valve, and a control valve that is connected downstream of said pressure accumulator and that is fluidly connected to said first retaining space and the pneumatic supplier; wherein said delay switch is operable to move between an action position and a non-action position, when said delay switch is at the action position, said control valve permitting fluid communication between the pneumatic supplier and said first retaining space therethrough, when said delay switch is moved to the non-action position, said control valve maintaining the fluid communication between the pneumatic supplier and said first retaining space fora period of time and then preventing the fluid communication between the pneumatic supplier and said first retaining space. 2. The pneumatic control device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said base seat unit includes a first base seat, and a second base seat that is connected to an end of said first base seat along the axial line by bolts, said axial hole including a first hole section that is formed in said first base seat and that is defined by an inner surrounding surface of said first base seat surrounding the axial line, and a second hole section that is formed in said second base seat and that is defined by an inner surrounding surface of said second base seat surrounding the axial line, said first base seat further having a drain groove that is formed in said inner surrounding surface, that extends about the axial line and that is in fluid communication with said vent hole, said intake channel, said first retaining space, said second retaining space and said vent hole being formed in said first base seat. 3. The pneumatic control device as claimed in claim 2, wherein said second base seat further has a drain hole that fluidly communicates said second hole section with the external environment. 4. The pneumatic control device as claimed in claim 3, wherein said base seat unit further includes a rear cover that is connected to another end of said first base seat opposite to said second base seat by bolts, said first guide channel including a first guide channel portion that is formed in said first base seat, and a first extending channel portion that is formed in said rear cover and that fluidly communicates said first guide channel portion with said axial hole, said second guide channel including a second guide channel portion that is formed in said first base seat, and a second extending channel portion that is formed in said rear cover and that fluidly communicates said second guide channel portion with said axial hole 5. The pneumatic control device as claimed in claim 4, wherein said cylinder unit includes a cylinder that is mounted in said axial hole, a rotor that is mounted in said cylinder, and a plurality of angularly spaced-apart vanes that are mounted to said rotor, said cylinder having a cylinder wall that defines a chamber therein, said chamber being eccentric with respect to the axial line, said cylinder wall being formed with a first inlet that is parallel to the axial line and that fluidly communicates said first guide channel with said chamber, a second inlet that is parallel to the axial line and that fluidly communicates said second guide channel with said chamber, and two communication holes that fluidly communicate said vent hole with said chamber, said rotor having an outer surrounding surface that surrounds the axial line, and a plurality of angularly spaced-apart slide grooves that are formed in said outer surrounding surface, said vanes being respectively and slidably mounted in said slide grooves. 6. The pneumatic control device as claimed in claim 5, wherein said rotor further has a connecting axle portion, said output unit including a cage that is co-rotatably connected to said rotor, an output shaft that is mounted to said cage, and at least one hammer that is pivotally connected to said cage for driving rotation of said output shaft, said cage having a coupling hole that is co-rotatably engaged with said connecting axle portion of said rotor, said output shaft having at least one struck portion that corresponds in position to said hammer, said hammer being driven by said rotor via said cage to strike said output shaft so as to drive rotation of said output shaft. 7. The pneumatic control device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an adjustment unit that is mounted to said base seat unit, and that is fluidly connected between said intake channel and the pneumatic supplier for adjusting flow rate of pressured air flowing into said intake channel. | 3,700 |
339,733 | 16,800,645 | 3,747 | In some examples, measurement data is received from at least one sensor that detects a signal reflected from a surface inside a platform. A likelihood ratio test is applied using the measurement data, and a load status of the platform is determined based on the likelihood ratio test. | 1. A method performed by at least one processor, comprising:
receiving measurement data from at least one sensor that detects a signal reflected from a surface inside a platform; applying a likelihood ratio test using the measurement data; and determining a load status of the platform based on the likelihood ratio test. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the likelihood ratio test comprises computing a value using an estimated baseline corresponding to an empty platform. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein applying the likelihood ratio test further comprises:
using the measurement data from the at least one sensor as a representation of a loaded platform; comparing the computed value with respect to at least one threshold, wherein determining the load status of the platform is based on the comparing. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein comparing the computed value with respect to the at least one threshold comprises comparing the computed value with respect to a first threshold and a second threshold, and wherein the determining comprises:
indicating that the platform is empty responsive to the computed value being less than the first threshold, and indicating that the platform is loaded responsive to the computed value exceeding the second threshold. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the likelihood ratio test comprises applying a log likelihood ratio test. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the likelihood ratio test comprises:
computing a plurality of values using a likelihood ratio test function applied on corresponding samples of measurement data received from the at least one sensor; aggregating the plurality of values to produce an aggregate value, wherein determining the load status of the platform is based on the aggregate value. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the load status of the platform is based on comparing the aggregate value to at least one threshold, wherein the aggregate value having a first relationship to the at least one threshold indicates that the platform is empty, and the aggregate value having a second relationship to the at least one threshold indicates that the platform is loaded. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
computing the at least one threshold based on tuning parameters selected to control error rates. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the likelihood ratio test comprises applying a generalized likelihood ratio test. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein applying the generalized likelihood ratio test comprises:
defining a subspace based on a phase; identifying a point in the subspace that is closest to points representing measurement data received from the at least one sensor; using the identified point as an estimated baseline corresponding to an empty platform; computing a value using the estimated baseline. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein computing the value using the estimated baseline comprises computing the value using a log-likelihood ratio test or a sequential probability ratio test. 12. An apparatus comprising:
at least one sensor to output measurement data responsive to detecting a signal reflected from a surface inside a platform; at least one processor configured to:
compute a value by applying a likelihood ratio test function on the measurement data; and
determine a load status of the platform based on the computed value. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one sensor comprises a light detector to detect reflected light emitted by a light emitter. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the likelihood ratio test function is based on a ratio between a model representing an empty platform and a model representing a loaded platform. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the model representing the empty platform is based on a mean of measurement data samples representing the empty platform, and the model representing the loaded platform is based on a mean of measurement data samples representing the loaded platform. 16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
compute a plurality of values output by applying the likelihood ratio test function on a plurality of measurement data samples from the at least one sensor; and aggregate the plurality of values to produce an aggregate value, wherein the determining of the load status is based on comparing the aggregate value to at least one threshold. 17. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to compare the computed value to at least one threshold, wherein the computed value having a first relationship to the at least one threshold indicates that the platform is empty, and the computed value having a second relationship to the at least one threshold indicates that the platform is loaded. 18. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
determine an estimated baseline corresponding to an empty platform by:
identifying a point in a subspace that is closest to points representing measurement data received from the at least one sensor, wherein the subspace corresponds to a specified phase in In-phase/Quadrature (IQ) space,
wherein the likelihood ratio test function is based on the estimated baseline. 19. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium storing instructions that upon execution cause a system to:
receive measurement data from at least one sensor that detects a signal reflected from a surface inside a platform; apply a likelihood ratio test using the measurement data, the likelihood ratio test producing an output value; and determine a load status of the platform based on comparing the output value to at least one threshold. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium 19, wherein the determining comprises:
indicating that the platform is empty responsive to the output value having a first relationship with respect to the at least one threshold, and indicating that the platform is loaded responsive to the output value having a second relationship with respect to the at least one threshold. | In some examples, measurement data is received from at least one sensor that detects a signal reflected from a surface inside a platform. A likelihood ratio test is applied using the measurement data, and a load status of the platform is determined based on the likelihood ratio test.1. A method performed by at least one processor, comprising:
receiving measurement data from at least one sensor that detects a signal reflected from a surface inside a platform; applying a likelihood ratio test using the measurement data; and determining a load status of the platform based on the likelihood ratio test. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the likelihood ratio test comprises computing a value using an estimated baseline corresponding to an empty platform. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein applying the likelihood ratio test further comprises:
using the measurement data from the at least one sensor as a representation of a loaded platform; comparing the computed value with respect to at least one threshold, wherein determining the load status of the platform is based on the comparing. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein comparing the computed value with respect to the at least one threshold comprises comparing the computed value with respect to a first threshold and a second threshold, and wherein the determining comprises:
indicating that the platform is empty responsive to the computed value being less than the first threshold, and indicating that the platform is loaded responsive to the computed value exceeding the second threshold. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the likelihood ratio test comprises applying a log likelihood ratio test. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the likelihood ratio test comprises:
computing a plurality of values using a likelihood ratio test function applied on corresponding samples of measurement data received from the at least one sensor; aggregating the plurality of values to produce an aggregate value, wherein determining the load status of the platform is based on the aggregate value. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the load status of the platform is based on comparing the aggregate value to at least one threshold, wherein the aggregate value having a first relationship to the at least one threshold indicates that the platform is empty, and the aggregate value having a second relationship to the at least one threshold indicates that the platform is loaded. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
computing the at least one threshold based on tuning parameters selected to control error rates. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the likelihood ratio test comprises applying a generalized likelihood ratio test. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein applying the generalized likelihood ratio test comprises:
defining a subspace based on a phase; identifying a point in the subspace that is closest to points representing measurement data received from the at least one sensor; using the identified point as an estimated baseline corresponding to an empty platform; computing a value using the estimated baseline. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein computing the value using the estimated baseline comprises computing the value using a log-likelihood ratio test or a sequential probability ratio test. 12. An apparatus comprising:
at least one sensor to output measurement data responsive to detecting a signal reflected from a surface inside a platform; at least one processor configured to:
compute a value by applying a likelihood ratio test function on the measurement data; and
determine a load status of the platform based on the computed value. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one sensor comprises a light detector to detect reflected light emitted by a light emitter. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the likelihood ratio test function is based on a ratio between a model representing an empty platform and a model representing a loaded platform. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the model representing the empty platform is based on a mean of measurement data samples representing the empty platform, and the model representing the loaded platform is based on a mean of measurement data samples representing the loaded platform. 16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
compute a plurality of values output by applying the likelihood ratio test function on a plurality of measurement data samples from the at least one sensor; and aggregate the plurality of values to produce an aggregate value, wherein the determining of the load status is based on comparing the aggregate value to at least one threshold. 17. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to compare the computed value to at least one threshold, wherein the computed value having a first relationship to the at least one threshold indicates that the platform is empty, and the computed value having a second relationship to the at least one threshold indicates that the platform is loaded. 18. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
determine an estimated baseline corresponding to an empty platform by:
identifying a point in a subspace that is closest to points representing measurement data received from the at least one sensor, wherein the subspace corresponds to a specified phase in In-phase/Quadrature (IQ) space,
wherein the likelihood ratio test function is based on the estimated baseline. 19. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium storing instructions that upon execution cause a system to:
receive measurement data from at least one sensor that detects a signal reflected from a surface inside a platform; apply a likelihood ratio test using the measurement data, the likelihood ratio test producing an output value; and determine a load status of the platform based on comparing the output value to at least one threshold. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium 19, wherein the determining comprises:
indicating that the platform is empty responsive to the output value having a first relationship with respect to the at least one threshold, and indicating that the platform is loaded responsive to the output value having a second relationship with respect to the at least one threshold. | 3,700 |
339,734 | 16,800,693 | 3,747 | A lawn mower includes: a rotation shaft coupled to a power source and extending in an approximately vertical direction a blade configured to rotate integrally with the rotation shaft and a housing having a downward opening and accommodating the blade such that the blade is rotatable; and a maintenance tool provided on the housing, the maintenance tool being contactable with the blade from the above. A cutting portion of the blade is capable of moving between a maintenance position at which the cutting portion is contactable with the maintenance tool and an operating position at which the cutting portion mows a lawn. | 1. A lawn mower comprising:
a rotation shaft coupled to a power source and extending in an approximately vertical direction; a blade configured to rotate integrally with the rotation shaft; and a housing having a downward opening and accommodating the blade such that the blade is rotatable; and a maintenance tool provided on the housing, the maintenance tool being contactable with the blade from the above, wherein a cutting portion of the blade is capable of moving between a maintenance position at which the cutting portion is contactable with the maintenance tool and an operating position at which the cutting portion mows a lawn, 2. The lawn mower according to claim 1, further comprising:
a cutting portion position changing mechanism configured to change a position of the culling portion such that the cutting portion has contact with the maintenance tool, 3. The lawn mower according to claim 2,
wherein the blade comprises:
a blade body configured to rotate integrally with the rotation shaft; and
the cutting portion rotatably provided on the blade body, and
wherein the cutting portion is movable between the maintenance position and the operating position by rotating relative to the blade body. 4. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the maintenance tool is supported on the housing via an elastic member and is capable of adjusting contact pressure to the blade. 5. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the maintenance tool is a grindstone and the maintenance position is a polishing position. | A lawn mower includes: a rotation shaft coupled to a power source and extending in an approximately vertical direction a blade configured to rotate integrally with the rotation shaft and a housing having a downward opening and accommodating the blade such that the blade is rotatable; and a maintenance tool provided on the housing, the maintenance tool being contactable with the blade from the above. A cutting portion of the blade is capable of moving between a maintenance position at which the cutting portion is contactable with the maintenance tool and an operating position at which the cutting portion mows a lawn.1. A lawn mower comprising:
a rotation shaft coupled to a power source and extending in an approximately vertical direction; a blade configured to rotate integrally with the rotation shaft; and a housing having a downward opening and accommodating the blade such that the blade is rotatable; and a maintenance tool provided on the housing, the maintenance tool being contactable with the blade from the above, wherein a cutting portion of the blade is capable of moving between a maintenance position at which the cutting portion is contactable with the maintenance tool and an operating position at which the cutting portion mows a lawn, 2. The lawn mower according to claim 1, further comprising:
a cutting portion position changing mechanism configured to change a position of the culling portion such that the cutting portion has contact with the maintenance tool, 3. The lawn mower according to claim 2,
wherein the blade comprises:
a blade body configured to rotate integrally with the rotation shaft; and
the cutting portion rotatably provided on the blade body, and
wherein the cutting portion is movable between the maintenance position and the operating position by rotating relative to the blade body. 4. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the maintenance tool is supported on the housing via an elastic member and is capable of adjusting contact pressure to the blade. 5. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the maintenance tool is a grindstone and the maintenance position is a polishing position. | 3,700 |
339,735 | 16,800,656 | 3,747 | A lawn mower includes: a rotation shaft coupled to a power source and extending in an approximately vertical direction a blade configured to rotate integrally with the rotation shaft and a housing having a downward opening and accommodating the blade such that the blade is rotatable; and a maintenance tool provided on the housing, the maintenance tool being contactable with the blade from the above. A cutting portion of the blade is capable of moving between a maintenance position at which the cutting portion is contactable with the maintenance tool and an operating position at which the cutting portion mows a lawn. | 1. A lawn mower comprising:
a rotation shaft coupled to a power source and extending in an approximately vertical direction; a blade configured to rotate integrally with the rotation shaft; and a housing having a downward opening and accommodating the blade such that the blade is rotatable; and a maintenance tool provided on the housing, the maintenance tool being contactable with the blade from the above, wherein a cutting portion of the blade is capable of moving between a maintenance position at which the cutting portion is contactable with the maintenance tool and an operating position at which the cutting portion mows a lawn, 2. The lawn mower according to claim 1, further comprising:
a cutting portion position changing mechanism configured to change a position of the culling portion such that the cutting portion has contact with the maintenance tool, 3. The lawn mower according to claim 2,
wherein the blade comprises:
a blade body configured to rotate integrally with the rotation shaft; and
the cutting portion rotatably provided on the blade body, and
wherein the cutting portion is movable between the maintenance position and the operating position by rotating relative to the blade body. 4. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the maintenance tool is supported on the housing via an elastic member and is capable of adjusting contact pressure to the blade. 5. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the maintenance tool is a grindstone and the maintenance position is a polishing position. | A lawn mower includes: a rotation shaft coupled to a power source and extending in an approximately vertical direction a blade configured to rotate integrally with the rotation shaft and a housing having a downward opening and accommodating the blade such that the blade is rotatable; and a maintenance tool provided on the housing, the maintenance tool being contactable with the blade from the above. A cutting portion of the blade is capable of moving between a maintenance position at which the cutting portion is contactable with the maintenance tool and an operating position at which the cutting portion mows a lawn.1. A lawn mower comprising:
a rotation shaft coupled to a power source and extending in an approximately vertical direction; a blade configured to rotate integrally with the rotation shaft; and a housing having a downward opening and accommodating the blade such that the blade is rotatable; and a maintenance tool provided on the housing, the maintenance tool being contactable with the blade from the above, wherein a cutting portion of the blade is capable of moving between a maintenance position at which the cutting portion is contactable with the maintenance tool and an operating position at which the cutting portion mows a lawn, 2. The lawn mower according to claim 1, further comprising:
a cutting portion position changing mechanism configured to change a position of the culling portion such that the cutting portion has contact with the maintenance tool, 3. The lawn mower according to claim 2,
wherein the blade comprises:
a blade body configured to rotate integrally with the rotation shaft; and
the cutting portion rotatably provided on the blade body, and
wherein the cutting portion is movable between the maintenance position and the operating position by rotating relative to the blade body. 4. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the maintenance tool is supported on the housing via an elastic member and is capable of adjusting contact pressure to the blade. 5. The lawn mower according to claim 1,
wherein the maintenance tool is a grindstone and the maintenance position is a polishing position. | 3,700 |
339,736 | 16,800,698 | 3,747 | This invention provides isolated and characterized secreted molecules from probiotic bacteria for use in compositions and methods for the treatment and/or prevention of infection by harmful pathogenic bacteria. The isolated secreted molecules can also be used in nutritional or medical food products which provide probiotics to the gastrointestinal tract of a mammal. | 1. A composition for attenuation of virulence and/or treatment of an enteric bacterial infection in mammals, the composition comprising an effective amount of isolated secreted molecules from probiotic bacteria that attenuate the virulence of and/or treat enteric bacterial infection in mammals, wherein said probiotic bacteria is Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5, wherein the secreted molecules are peptides having from 2 to 10 amino acids and are not bacteriocins, and wherein the composition is concentrated. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is effective against Salmonella and/or Escherichia coli colonization. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein said Salmonella is Salmonella enterica and said Escherichia coli is EHEC O157:H7. 4. The composition of claim 1, further combined within an edible food product, nutritional supplement, and/or ingestible liquid, one or more strains of whole probiotic bacteria and combinations thereof. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein said secreted molecules comprise an amino acid sequence selected from YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 6. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a sugar source, and/or one or more antibiotics. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the sugar source comprises glucose. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is concentrated by lyophilization or spray-drying. 9. Isolated molecules from Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5, said molecules comprising an amino acid sequence selected from YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof, wherein said molecules are not bacteriocins and are effective for treatment and/or attenuation of virulence of enteric bacterial infection in mammals in vivo, and wherein said molecules are concentrated. 10. The molecules of claim 9, wherein said molecules are combined with one or more of an antibiotic, a sugar source, an edible food product, a nutritional supplement and ingestible liquid. 11. A probiotic bacterial isolated proteinaceous fraction, said proteinaceous fraction comprising secreted molecules from Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5 in an amount effective in the treatment and/or attenuation of virulence of enteric bacterial infection in mammals in vivo, wherein said secreted molecules are proteinaceous having from 2 to 10 amino acids and are not bacteriocins and have one or more of the following characteristics: can withstand heating at up to about 90° C., freezing, thawing, lyophilization and/or spray drying and decrease virulence-related gene-expression, and wherein said proteinaceous fraction is concentrated. 12. A food product, beverage product, health product, medicament or nutritional supplement that comprises one or more secreted molecules from a composition of claim 1 in an amount effective for attenuation of virulence and/or treatment of an enteric bacterial infection in mammals and further optionally comprising one or more strains of whole probiotic bacteria. 13. The food product, beverage product, health product, medicament or nutritional supplement of claim 12, wherein said molecules comprise an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 14. A method for attenuation of virulence of and/or therapeutically treating infections by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and/or Salmonella in a mammal, the method comprising administering to said mammal an effective amount of a composition of claim 1 and optionally an antibiotic. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said secreted molecules comprise an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 16. A method for reducing the carriage by a food production animal of Salmonella strains that cause human salmonellosis, said method comprising administering an effective amount of the composition of claim 1 to the food production animal prior to exposure to Salmonella strains that cause human salmonellosis. 17. A method of reducing colonization by harmful bacteria in a mammal, the method comprising administration of an effective amount the composition of claim 1 to said mammal. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said molecules inhibit the colonization of E. coli O157:H7 and/or Salmonella. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said method further comprises the administration of a probiotic bacterium. 20. The composition of claim 5, wherein said secreted molecules consist of an amino acid sequence selected from YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 21. The molecules of claim 9, said molecules consist of an amino acid sequence selected from YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 22. The food product, beverage product, health product, medicament or nutritional supplement of claim 13, wherein said molecules consist of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 23. The method of claim 15, wherein said secreted molecules consist of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 24. A composition comprising whole Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5 bacteria for use in attenuation of virulence and/or treatment of an enteric bacterial infection in a mammal, wherein the bacteria secrete small peptides of 2 to 10 amino acids into the composition and the peptides attenuate virulence of and/or treat the enteric bacterial infection, wherein the peptides are not bacteriocins, and wherein the composition is concentrated. 25. A composition comprising whole Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5 bacteria for use in reducing colonization of harmful bacteria in a mammal, wherein the bacteria secrete small peptides of 2 to 10 amino acids into the composition and the peptides reduce colonization of the harmful bacteria, wherein the peptides are not bacteriocins, and wherein the composition is concentrated. 26. The composition of claim 1, wherein said secreted molecules comprise an amino acid sequence selected from YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof and wherein the amino acid sequence comprises at least one modification selected from the group consisting of a deletion, a substitution, an insertion, glycosylation, unglycolsylation, complexation with organic or inorganic salts, PEGylation, and combinations thereof, wherein the modification does not substantially reduce the activity of the molecules for reduction and/or attenuation of virulence of bacterial infection. 27. The proteinaceous fraction of claim 11, wherein said secreted molecules comprise an amino acid sequence selected from YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof and wherein the amino acid sequence comprises at least one modification selected from the group consisting of a deletion, a substitution, an insertion, glycosylation, unglycolsylation, complexation with organic or inorganic salts, PEGylation, and combinations thereof, wherein the modification does not substantially reduce the activity of the molecules for reduction and/or attenuation of virulence of bacterial infection. 28. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is cell-free. 29. The composition of claim 1, wherein the molecules are purified. 35. The proteinaceous fraction of claim 11, wherein the molecules are purified. 30. The food product, beverage product, health product, medicament or nutritional supplement of claim 12, wherein the food product is a baked product. 31. The food product, beverage product, health product, medicament or nutritional supplement of claim 12, being a health product, medicament, or nutritional supplement. 32. A composition for attenuation of virulence and/or treatment of an enteric bacterial infection in mammals, the composition comprising an effective amount of isolated secreted molecules from probiotic bacteria that attenuate virulence of and/or treat enteric bacterial infection in mammals, wherein said probiotic bacteria is Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5, wherein the secreted molecules are proteinaceous having from 2 to 10 amino acids and are not bacteriocins, and wherein the composition is concentrated. | This invention provides isolated and characterized secreted molecules from probiotic bacteria for use in compositions and methods for the treatment and/or prevention of infection by harmful pathogenic bacteria. The isolated secreted molecules can also be used in nutritional or medical food products which provide probiotics to the gastrointestinal tract of a mammal.1. A composition for attenuation of virulence and/or treatment of an enteric bacterial infection in mammals, the composition comprising an effective amount of isolated secreted molecules from probiotic bacteria that attenuate the virulence of and/or treat enteric bacterial infection in mammals, wherein said probiotic bacteria is Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5, wherein the secreted molecules are peptides having from 2 to 10 amino acids and are not bacteriocins, and wherein the composition is concentrated. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is effective against Salmonella and/or Escherichia coli colonization. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein said Salmonella is Salmonella enterica and said Escherichia coli is EHEC O157:H7. 4. The composition of claim 1, further combined within an edible food product, nutritional supplement, and/or ingestible liquid, one or more strains of whole probiotic bacteria and combinations thereof. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein said secreted molecules comprise an amino acid sequence selected from YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 6. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a sugar source, and/or one or more antibiotics. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the sugar source comprises glucose. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is concentrated by lyophilization or spray-drying. 9. Isolated molecules from Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5, said molecules comprising an amino acid sequence selected from YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof, wherein said molecules are not bacteriocins and are effective for treatment and/or attenuation of virulence of enteric bacterial infection in mammals in vivo, and wherein said molecules are concentrated. 10. The molecules of claim 9, wherein said molecules are combined with one or more of an antibiotic, a sugar source, an edible food product, a nutritional supplement and ingestible liquid. 11. A probiotic bacterial isolated proteinaceous fraction, said proteinaceous fraction comprising secreted molecules from Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5 in an amount effective in the treatment and/or attenuation of virulence of enteric bacterial infection in mammals in vivo, wherein said secreted molecules are proteinaceous having from 2 to 10 amino acids and are not bacteriocins and have one or more of the following characteristics: can withstand heating at up to about 90° C., freezing, thawing, lyophilization and/or spray drying and decrease virulence-related gene-expression, and wherein said proteinaceous fraction is concentrated. 12. A food product, beverage product, health product, medicament or nutritional supplement that comprises one or more secreted molecules from a composition of claim 1 in an amount effective for attenuation of virulence and/or treatment of an enteric bacterial infection in mammals and further optionally comprising one or more strains of whole probiotic bacteria. 13. The food product, beverage product, health product, medicament or nutritional supplement of claim 12, wherein said molecules comprise an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 14. A method for attenuation of virulence of and/or therapeutically treating infections by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and/or Salmonella in a mammal, the method comprising administering to said mammal an effective amount of a composition of claim 1 and optionally an antibiotic. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said secreted molecules comprise an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 16. A method for reducing the carriage by a food production animal of Salmonella strains that cause human salmonellosis, said method comprising administering an effective amount of the composition of claim 1 to the food production animal prior to exposure to Salmonella strains that cause human salmonellosis. 17. A method of reducing colonization by harmful bacteria in a mammal, the method comprising administration of an effective amount the composition of claim 1 to said mammal. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said molecules inhibit the colonization of E. coli O157:H7 and/or Salmonella. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said method further comprises the administration of a probiotic bacterium. 20. The composition of claim 5, wherein said secreted molecules consist of an amino acid sequence selected from YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 21. The molecules of claim 9, said molecules consist of an amino acid sequence selected from YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 22. The food product, beverage product, health product, medicament or nutritional supplement of claim 13, wherein said molecules consist of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 23. The method of claim 15, wherein said secreted molecules consist of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof. 24. A composition comprising whole Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5 bacteria for use in attenuation of virulence and/or treatment of an enteric bacterial infection in a mammal, wherein the bacteria secrete small peptides of 2 to 10 amino acids into the composition and the peptides attenuate virulence of and/or treat the enteric bacterial infection, wherein the peptides are not bacteriocins, and wherein the composition is concentrated. 25. A composition comprising whole Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5 bacteria for use in reducing colonization of harmful bacteria in a mammal, wherein the bacteria secrete small peptides of 2 to 10 amino acids into the composition and the peptides reduce colonization of the harmful bacteria, wherein the peptides are not bacteriocins, and wherein the composition is concentrated. 26. The composition of claim 1, wherein said secreted molecules comprise an amino acid sequence selected from YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof and wherein the amino acid sequence comprises at least one modification selected from the group consisting of a deletion, a substitution, an insertion, glycosylation, unglycolsylation, complexation with organic or inorganic salts, PEGylation, and combinations thereof, wherein the modification does not substantially reduce the activity of the molecules for reduction and/or attenuation of virulence of bacterial infection. 27. The proteinaceous fraction of claim 11, wherein said secreted molecules comprise an amino acid sequence selected from YPVEPF, YPPGGP, YPPG, NQPY and combinations thereof and wherein the amino acid sequence comprises at least one modification selected from the group consisting of a deletion, a substitution, an insertion, glycosylation, unglycolsylation, complexation with organic or inorganic salts, PEGylation, and combinations thereof, wherein the modification does not substantially reduce the activity of the molecules for reduction and/or attenuation of virulence of bacterial infection. 28. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is cell-free. 29. The composition of claim 1, wherein the molecules are purified. 35. The proteinaceous fraction of claim 11, wherein the molecules are purified. 30. The food product, beverage product, health product, medicament or nutritional supplement of claim 12, wherein the food product is a baked product. 31. The food product, beverage product, health product, medicament or nutritional supplement of claim 12, being a health product, medicament, or nutritional supplement. 32. A composition for attenuation of virulence and/or treatment of an enteric bacterial infection in mammals, the composition comprising an effective amount of isolated secreted molecules from probiotic bacteria that attenuate virulence of and/or treat enteric bacterial infection in mammals, wherein said probiotic bacteria is Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5, wherein the secreted molecules are proteinaceous having from 2 to 10 amino acids and are not bacteriocins, and wherein the composition is concentrated. | 3,700 |
339,737 | 16,800,703 | 3,747 | An improved lime mud recycling system including a camera proximate the kiln outlet imaging the granular lime and providing outlet images of the granular lime exiting the kiln, a processor analyzing the outlet images of the granular lime and providing pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln, as well as a controller communicating with the processor comparing the pebble size distribution of the granular lime exiting the kiln with predetermined prescribed operating parameters for pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln and issuing (I) a notification and/or (II) a control signal prompting remedial action when the pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln are outside of the predetermined prescribed operating parameters. | 1. A system for recycling lime mud having closed loop control for ameliorating kiln ringing and ball formation with camera detection of pebble size comprising:
(a) a lime kiln with a lime mud inlet, a reburned lime outlet and a burner to heat the kiln; (b) a lime mud feed system adapted to wash, filter and feed lime mud to the lime mud inlet of the kiln, 2. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined prescribed operating parameters comprise size distribution values for the pebble size distributions of granular lime exiting the kiln. 3. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 2, wherein the size distribution values for the pebble size distributions of granular lime exiting the kiln require that 90% by weight or more of granulated lime exiting the kiln has a pebble size of less than 30 mm. 4. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined prescribed operating parameters comprise rate values corresponding to changes in size distribution values for pebble size distributions of granular lime exiting the kiln. 5. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 4, wherein the rate values corresponding to changes in size distribution values for pebble size distributions of granular lime exiting the kiln require that the increases in the rate of formation of pebbles having a pebble size of 30 mm or more are below a threshold value of 1% by weight additional pebbles having a pebble size of 30 mm or more per 24 hours. 6. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 1, operated such that the controller issues notifications with remedial instructions for adjusting one or more kiln parameters or one or more feed parameters when the pebble size distribution of the granular lime exiting the kiln is outside of the predetermined prescribed operating parameters for granular lime exiting the kiln. 7. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 1, operated such that the controller automatically issues control signals to the kiln or the lime mud feed system for taking remedial action to adjust one or more kiln parameters or one or more feed parameters when the pebble size distribution of the granular line exiting the kiln is outside the prescribed operating parameters for granular lime exiting the kiln. 8. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 7, wherein the controller automatically issues control signals to the kiln to take remedial actions to adjust kiln temperature. 9. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 7, wherein the lime kiln is a rotary kiln and the controller automatically issues control signals to the kiln to take remedial action to adjust rotational speed of the kiln. 10. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 7, wherein the controller automatically issues control signals to the lime mud feed system to take remedial actions to adjust one or more of: (I) feed rate of lime mud to the kiln; (II) consistency of the lime mud fed to the kiln; or (III) impurity levels in the lime mud fed to the kiln. 11. In a paper mill with a re-causticizer feeding a lime mud recycling system having a lime kiln with an inlet adapted to receive lime mud, apply heat thereto, process the lime mud into lime in granular form and discharge the granular lime to a kiln outlet and a lime mud feed system adapted to wash, filter and feed lime mud to the lime mud inlet of the kiln, the improvement comprising a camera proximate the kiln outlet imaging granular lime and providing outlet images of granular lime exiting the kiln, a processor analyzing the outlet images of the granular lime and providing pebble size distributions for granular lime exiting the kiln, as well as a controller communicating with the processor comparing pebble size distributions of granular lime exiting the kiln with predetermined prescribed operating parameters for the pebble size distribution for the granular lime exiting the kiln and issuing (I) a notification and/or (II) a control signal prompting remedial action when the pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln is outside of the predetermined prescribed operating parameters for pebble size distributions for granular lime exiting the kiln. 12. The improvement according to claim 11, wherein the predetermined prescribed operating parameters comprise size distribution values for the pebble size distribution of granular lime exiting the kiln and the predetermined prescribed operating values for the pebble size distribution require that 90% by weight or more of granulated lime exiting the kiln has a pebble size of less than 30 mm. 13. The improvement according to claim 11, wherein the predetermined prescribed operating parameters comprise rate values corresponding to changes in size distribution values for pebble size distributions of granular lime exiting the kiln and the rate values corresponding to changes in size distribution values for pebble size distribution of granular lime exiting the kiln require that the increases in the rate of formation of pebbles having a pebble size of 30 mm or more are below a threshold value of 1% by weight additional pebbles having a pebble size of 30 mm or more per 24 hours. 14. The improvement according to claim 11, wherein the controller issues notifications with remedial instructions for adjusting one or more kiln parameters or one or more feed parameters when the pebble size distributions of the granular lime exiting the kiln is outside of the predetermined prescribed operating parameters for granular lime exiting the kiln. 15. The improvement according to claim 11, wherein the controller automatically issues control signals to the kiln or the lime mud feed system for taking remedial action to adjust one or more kiln parameters or one or more feed parameters when the pebble size distributions of the granular line exiting the kiln is outside the prescribed operating parameters for granular lime exiting the kiln. 16. The improvement according to claim 15, wherein the controller automatically issues control signals to the kiln to take remedial actions to adjust kiln temperature or the lime kiln is a rotary kiln and the controller automatically issues control signals to the kiln to take remedial action to adjust rotational speed of the kiln. 17. The improvement according to claim 15, wherein the controller automatically issues control signals to the lime mud feed system to take remedial actions to adjust one or more of: (I) feed rate of lime mud to the kiln; (II) consistency of the lime mud fed to the kiln; or (III) impurity levels in the lime mud fed to the kiln. 18. A method of processing a calcium carbonate slurry to reburned lime in a lime kiln while controlling kiln ringing and ball formation comprising:
(a) providing a lime kiln with a calcium carbonate slurry inlet and a reburned lime outlet; (b) disposing a camera proximate the reburned lime outlet of the kiln; (c) feeding a calcium carbonate slurry from a feed system to the calcium carbonate slurry inlet of the kiln; (d) heating the calcium carbonate slurry in the kiln to convert calcium carbonate to lime in granular form while advancing the feed toward the reburned lime outlet of the kiln where the lime in granular form exits the kiln; (e) imaging the lime in granular form proximate the reburned lime outlet of the lime kiln to provide outlet images of lime in granular form exiting the kiln; (f) analyzing the outlet images of lime in granular form to provide pebble size distributions for granular lime exiting the kiln; (g) comparing the pebble size distributions of the granular lime exiting the kiln with predetermined prescribed operating parameters for pebble size distributions for granular lime exiting the kiln; (h) issuing (I) a notification and/or (II) a control signal when the pebble size distributions for granular lime exiting the kiln is outside of the predetermined prescribed operating parameters for the pebble size distribution for the granular lime exiting the kiln; and (i) undertaking remedial action to ameliorate lime kiln ringing and ball formation by adjusting one or more lime kiln parameters or feed parameters based on the notification or control signal provided. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the predetermined prescribed operating parameters comprise size distribution values for the pebble size distribution of granular lime exiting the kiln and the predetermined prescribed operating values for the pebble size distribution require that 90% by weight or more of granulated lime exiting the kiln has a pebble size of less than 30 mm. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the predetermined prescribed operating parameters comprise rate values corresponding to changes in size distribution values for pebble size distribution of granular lime exiting the kiln and the rate values corresponding to changes in size distribution values for pebble size distribution of granular lime exiting the kiln require that the increases in the rate of formation of pebbles having a pebble size of 30 mm or more are below a threshold value of 1% by weight additional pebbles having a pebble size of 30 mm or more per 24 hours. | An improved lime mud recycling system including a camera proximate the kiln outlet imaging the granular lime and providing outlet images of the granular lime exiting the kiln, a processor analyzing the outlet images of the granular lime and providing pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln, as well as a controller communicating with the processor comparing the pebble size distribution of the granular lime exiting the kiln with predetermined prescribed operating parameters for pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln and issuing (I) a notification and/or (II) a control signal prompting remedial action when the pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln are outside of the predetermined prescribed operating parameters.1. A system for recycling lime mud having closed loop control for ameliorating kiln ringing and ball formation with camera detection of pebble size comprising:
(a) a lime kiln with a lime mud inlet, a reburned lime outlet and a burner to heat the kiln; (b) a lime mud feed system adapted to wash, filter and feed lime mud to the lime mud inlet of the kiln, 2. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined prescribed operating parameters comprise size distribution values for the pebble size distributions of granular lime exiting the kiln. 3. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 2, wherein the size distribution values for the pebble size distributions of granular lime exiting the kiln require that 90% by weight or more of granulated lime exiting the kiln has a pebble size of less than 30 mm. 4. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined prescribed operating parameters comprise rate values corresponding to changes in size distribution values for pebble size distributions of granular lime exiting the kiln. 5. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 4, wherein the rate values corresponding to changes in size distribution values for pebble size distributions of granular lime exiting the kiln require that the increases in the rate of formation of pebbles having a pebble size of 30 mm or more are below a threshold value of 1% by weight additional pebbles having a pebble size of 30 mm or more per 24 hours. 6. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 1, operated such that the controller issues notifications with remedial instructions for adjusting one or more kiln parameters or one or more feed parameters when the pebble size distribution of the granular lime exiting the kiln is outside of the predetermined prescribed operating parameters for granular lime exiting the kiln. 7. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 1, operated such that the controller automatically issues control signals to the kiln or the lime mud feed system for taking remedial action to adjust one or more kiln parameters or one or more feed parameters when the pebble size distribution of the granular line exiting the kiln is outside the prescribed operating parameters for granular lime exiting the kiln. 8. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 7, wherein the controller automatically issues control signals to the kiln to take remedial actions to adjust kiln temperature. 9. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 7, wherein the lime kiln is a rotary kiln and the controller automatically issues control signals to the kiln to take remedial action to adjust rotational speed of the kiln. 10. The system for recycling lime mud according to claim 7, wherein the controller automatically issues control signals to the lime mud feed system to take remedial actions to adjust one or more of: (I) feed rate of lime mud to the kiln; (II) consistency of the lime mud fed to the kiln; or (III) impurity levels in the lime mud fed to the kiln. 11. In a paper mill with a re-causticizer feeding a lime mud recycling system having a lime kiln with an inlet adapted to receive lime mud, apply heat thereto, process the lime mud into lime in granular form and discharge the granular lime to a kiln outlet and a lime mud feed system adapted to wash, filter and feed lime mud to the lime mud inlet of the kiln, the improvement comprising a camera proximate the kiln outlet imaging granular lime and providing outlet images of granular lime exiting the kiln, a processor analyzing the outlet images of the granular lime and providing pebble size distributions for granular lime exiting the kiln, as well as a controller communicating with the processor comparing pebble size distributions of granular lime exiting the kiln with predetermined prescribed operating parameters for the pebble size distribution for the granular lime exiting the kiln and issuing (I) a notification and/or (II) a control signal prompting remedial action when the pebble size distributions for the granular lime exiting the kiln is outside of the predetermined prescribed operating parameters for pebble size distributions for granular lime exiting the kiln. 12. The improvement according to claim 11, wherein the predetermined prescribed operating parameters comprise size distribution values for the pebble size distribution of granular lime exiting the kiln and the predetermined prescribed operating values for the pebble size distribution require that 90% by weight or more of granulated lime exiting the kiln has a pebble size of less than 30 mm. 13. The improvement according to claim 11, wherein the predetermined prescribed operating parameters comprise rate values corresponding to changes in size distribution values for pebble size distributions of granular lime exiting the kiln and the rate values corresponding to changes in size distribution values for pebble size distribution of granular lime exiting the kiln require that the increases in the rate of formation of pebbles having a pebble size of 30 mm or more are below a threshold value of 1% by weight additional pebbles having a pebble size of 30 mm or more per 24 hours. 14. The improvement according to claim 11, wherein the controller issues notifications with remedial instructions for adjusting one or more kiln parameters or one or more feed parameters when the pebble size distributions of the granular lime exiting the kiln is outside of the predetermined prescribed operating parameters for granular lime exiting the kiln. 15. The improvement according to claim 11, wherein the controller automatically issues control signals to the kiln or the lime mud feed system for taking remedial action to adjust one or more kiln parameters or one or more feed parameters when the pebble size distributions of the granular line exiting the kiln is outside the prescribed operating parameters for granular lime exiting the kiln. 16. The improvement according to claim 15, wherein the controller automatically issues control signals to the kiln to take remedial actions to adjust kiln temperature or the lime kiln is a rotary kiln and the controller automatically issues control signals to the kiln to take remedial action to adjust rotational speed of the kiln. 17. The improvement according to claim 15, wherein the controller automatically issues control signals to the lime mud feed system to take remedial actions to adjust one or more of: (I) feed rate of lime mud to the kiln; (II) consistency of the lime mud fed to the kiln; or (III) impurity levels in the lime mud fed to the kiln. 18. A method of processing a calcium carbonate slurry to reburned lime in a lime kiln while controlling kiln ringing and ball formation comprising:
(a) providing a lime kiln with a calcium carbonate slurry inlet and a reburned lime outlet; (b) disposing a camera proximate the reburned lime outlet of the kiln; (c) feeding a calcium carbonate slurry from a feed system to the calcium carbonate slurry inlet of the kiln; (d) heating the calcium carbonate slurry in the kiln to convert calcium carbonate to lime in granular form while advancing the feed toward the reburned lime outlet of the kiln where the lime in granular form exits the kiln; (e) imaging the lime in granular form proximate the reburned lime outlet of the lime kiln to provide outlet images of lime in granular form exiting the kiln; (f) analyzing the outlet images of lime in granular form to provide pebble size distributions for granular lime exiting the kiln; (g) comparing the pebble size distributions of the granular lime exiting the kiln with predetermined prescribed operating parameters for pebble size distributions for granular lime exiting the kiln; (h) issuing (I) a notification and/or (II) a control signal when the pebble size distributions for granular lime exiting the kiln is outside of the predetermined prescribed operating parameters for the pebble size distribution for the granular lime exiting the kiln; and (i) undertaking remedial action to ameliorate lime kiln ringing and ball formation by adjusting one or more lime kiln parameters or feed parameters based on the notification or control signal provided. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the predetermined prescribed operating parameters comprise size distribution values for the pebble size distribution of granular lime exiting the kiln and the predetermined prescribed operating values for the pebble size distribution require that 90% by weight or more of granulated lime exiting the kiln has a pebble size of less than 30 mm. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the predetermined prescribed operating parameters comprise rate values corresponding to changes in size distribution values for pebble size distribution of granular lime exiting the kiln and the rate values corresponding to changes in size distribution values for pebble size distribution of granular lime exiting the kiln require that the increases in the rate of formation of pebbles having a pebble size of 30 mm or more are below a threshold value of 1% by weight additional pebbles having a pebble size of 30 mm or more per 24 hours. | 3,700 |
339,738 | 16,800,710 | 3,775 | An apparatus for providing instrument access through a gel pad of a surgical access device disposed to seal an opening to a body cavity of a patient is disclosed. The apparatus includes a stem having a bore extending therethrough, the stem having a length sufficient such that when the stem is inserted through the gel pad a distal end of the stem protrudes beyond an inner surface of the gel pad. The bore is sized to permit an instrument to be inserted through the bore and through the opening into the body cavity. The stem includes a flanged opening to the bore that remains external to an outer surface of the gel pad and limits the insertion of the stem through the gel pad. The apparatus also includes a displaceable seal disposed within the bore below the flanged opening, the displaceable seal being operable to seal the bore prior to insertion of the instrument and to displace to permit insertion of the instrument while maintaining the seal. | 1. An apparatus for providing instrument access through a gel pad of a surgical access device disposed to seal an opening to a body cavity of a patient, the apparatus comprising:
a stem including a bore extending therethrough, the stem being of a sufficient length such that when the stem is inserted through the gel pad, a distal end of the stem protrudes beyond an inner surface of the gel pad, the bore being sized to permit an instrument to be inserted through the bore and through the opening into the body cavity, the stem further including a flanged opening to the bore that remains external to an outer surface of the gel pad and limits the insertion of the stem through the gel pad; and a displaceable seal disposed within the bore below the flanged opening, the displaceable seal configured to seal the bore prior to insertion of the instrument and to displace to permit insertion of the instrument while maintaining the seal. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the displaceable seal extends through a portion of the bore enclosed by the gel pad when the stem is inserted through the gel pad. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the bore is sized to facilitate pivoting of the instrument within the bore for positioning of the instrument within the body cavity and wherein a height of the flanged opening is reduced in proportion to the length of the stem to facilitate an increased pivoting angle of the instrument. 4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the height of the flanged opening is about 4 millimeters. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an annular flange disposed at an end of the stem distal to the flanged opening, the annular flange configured to bear against the inner surface of the gel pad when the stem is inserted through the gel pad. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the seal comprises a cross-slit valve oriented to prevent insufflation gas from escaping prior to insertion of the instrument through the seal. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the seal further comprises an annular seal that bears against an outer surface of the instrument to prevent escape of insufflation gas after insertion of the instrument through the seal. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the instrument is received within an insertion device and wherein the bore is sized to permit insertion of the insertion device through the stem. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the insertion device is configured to receive more than one instrument. 10. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the insertion device is configured to receive a camera configured to be inserted into the body cavity of the patient, the camera configured to capture images of the body cavity. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the flanged opening has a diameter selected to be smaller than a diameter of the gel pad such that after insertion of the stem through the gel pad there remains an open area of the gel pad that is of sufficient size to accommodate insertion of at least one additional instrument directly through the gel pad adjacent to the flanged opening. 12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the gel pad has a diameter of about 110 millimeters and wherein the flanged opening has a diameter of about 47 millimeters. 13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stem comprises a flexible guide disposed proximate the flanged opening and configured to guide the instrument toward a center of the displaceable seal during insertion of the instrument through the bore. 14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stem comprises:
a first stem portion being of a length sufficient to extend at least through the gel pad up to the opening in the body cavity; and
a second stem portion coupled to extend the first stem portion by a length sufficient to cause a distal end of the stem to enter the body cavity when the stem is inserted through the gel pad of the surgical access device. 15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the second stem portion comprises one of a plurality of second stem portions with different lengths and wherein the second stem portion is selected from the plurality of second stem portions based on a thickness of a wall of the body cavity of the patient. 16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the lengths of the plurality of second stem portions are associated with a body mass index (BMI) of the patient. 17. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the flanged opening comprises a port configured to connect to a source of pressurized gas for insufflating the body cavity of the patient, the port being connected through a conduit in the stem to an opening proximate a distal end of the stem for delivering the insufflation pressure to the body cavity. 18. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stem is fabricated from a stainless steel material suitable for reuse following sterilization. 19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the displaceable valve is removably inserted within the stainless steel stem to permit removal of the displaceable valve for discarding after a single use. 20. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an obturator sized to be received within the bore of the stem and including a piercing end that extends beyond the distal end of the stem, the piercing end of the obturator configured to pierce the gel pad to facilitate insertion of the stem through the gel pad. 21. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the surgical access device comprises:
a wound retractor including a flexible inner ring, an outer ring, and a cylindrical sleeve extending between the inner ring and the outer ring, the inner ring being insertable through an incision in a wall of the patient's body cavity for retracting the incision to provide access; and
a gel cap including the gel pad, the gel cap being received and secured to the outer ring of the wound retractor. | An apparatus for providing instrument access through a gel pad of a surgical access device disposed to seal an opening to a body cavity of a patient is disclosed. The apparatus includes a stem having a bore extending therethrough, the stem having a length sufficient such that when the stem is inserted through the gel pad a distal end of the stem protrudes beyond an inner surface of the gel pad. The bore is sized to permit an instrument to be inserted through the bore and through the opening into the body cavity. The stem includes a flanged opening to the bore that remains external to an outer surface of the gel pad and limits the insertion of the stem through the gel pad. The apparatus also includes a displaceable seal disposed within the bore below the flanged opening, the displaceable seal being operable to seal the bore prior to insertion of the instrument and to displace to permit insertion of the instrument while maintaining the seal.1. An apparatus for providing instrument access through a gel pad of a surgical access device disposed to seal an opening to a body cavity of a patient, the apparatus comprising:
a stem including a bore extending therethrough, the stem being of a sufficient length such that when the stem is inserted through the gel pad, a distal end of the stem protrudes beyond an inner surface of the gel pad, the bore being sized to permit an instrument to be inserted through the bore and through the opening into the body cavity, the stem further including a flanged opening to the bore that remains external to an outer surface of the gel pad and limits the insertion of the stem through the gel pad; and a displaceable seal disposed within the bore below the flanged opening, the displaceable seal configured to seal the bore prior to insertion of the instrument and to displace to permit insertion of the instrument while maintaining the seal. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the displaceable seal extends through a portion of the bore enclosed by the gel pad when the stem is inserted through the gel pad. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the bore is sized to facilitate pivoting of the instrument within the bore for positioning of the instrument within the body cavity and wherein a height of the flanged opening is reduced in proportion to the length of the stem to facilitate an increased pivoting angle of the instrument. 4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the height of the flanged opening is about 4 millimeters. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an annular flange disposed at an end of the stem distal to the flanged opening, the annular flange configured to bear against the inner surface of the gel pad when the stem is inserted through the gel pad. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the seal comprises a cross-slit valve oriented to prevent insufflation gas from escaping prior to insertion of the instrument through the seal. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the seal further comprises an annular seal that bears against an outer surface of the instrument to prevent escape of insufflation gas after insertion of the instrument through the seal. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the instrument is received within an insertion device and wherein the bore is sized to permit insertion of the insertion device through the stem. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the insertion device is configured to receive more than one instrument. 10. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the insertion device is configured to receive a camera configured to be inserted into the body cavity of the patient, the camera configured to capture images of the body cavity. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the flanged opening has a diameter selected to be smaller than a diameter of the gel pad such that after insertion of the stem through the gel pad there remains an open area of the gel pad that is of sufficient size to accommodate insertion of at least one additional instrument directly through the gel pad adjacent to the flanged opening. 12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the gel pad has a diameter of about 110 millimeters and wherein the flanged opening has a diameter of about 47 millimeters. 13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stem comprises a flexible guide disposed proximate the flanged opening and configured to guide the instrument toward a center of the displaceable seal during insertion of the instrument through the bore. 14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stem comprises:
a first stem portion being of a length sufficient to extend at least through the gel pad up to the opening in the body cavity; and
a second stem portion coupled to extend the first stem portion by a length sufficient to cause a distal end of the stem to enter the body cavity when the stem is inserted through the gel pad of the surgical access device. 15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the second stem portion comprises one of a plurality of second stem portions with different lengths and wherein the second stem portion is selected from the plurality of second stem portions based on a thickness of a wall of the body cavity of the patient. 16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the lengths of the plurality of second stem portions are associated with a body mass index (BMI) of the patient. 17. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the flanged opening comprises a port configured to connect to a source of pressurized gas for insufflating the body cavity of the patient, the port being connected through a conduit in the stem to an opening proximate a distal end of the stem for delivering the insufflation pressure to the body cavity. 18. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stem is fabricated from a stainless steel material suitable for reuse following sterilization. 19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the displaceable valve is removably inserted within the stainless steel stem to permit removal of the displaceable valve for discarding after a single use. 20. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an obturator sized to be received within the bore of the stem and including a piercing end that extends beyond the distal end of the stem, the piercing end of the obturator configured to pierce the gel pad to facilitate insertion of the stem through the gel pad. 21. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the surgical access device comprises:
a wound retractor including a flexible inner ring, an outer ring, and a cylindrical sleeve extending between the inner ring and the outer ring, the inner ring being insertable through an incision in a wall of the patient's body cavity for retracting the incision to provide access; and
a gel cap including the gel pad, the gel cap being received and secured to the outer ring of the wound retractor. | 3,700 |
339,739 | 16,800,663 | 3,775 | A system and a method that reports capability information regarding a dual mode User Equipment (UE) are provided. The UE supports Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). The UE capability transmitting method includes receiving a message requesting UE capability information from an evolved Node B (eNB), generating first capability information and second capability information according to the UE capability information requesting message, and transmitting UE capability information including the first and second capability information to the eNB. The first capability information comprises FDD capability information applicable to an FDD mode or TDD capability information applicable to a TDD mode. The second capability information comprises capability information applicable to both the FDD mode and the TDD mode. The system and method can allow a dual mode UE to efficiently report its capability information. | 1. A method for transmitting capability information by a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from a base station, a first message requesting a radio access capability of the terminal; identifying first capability information by considering both of a frequency division duplex (FDD) mode and a time division duplex (TDD) mode; identifying second capability information by considering either the FDD mode or the TDD mode; and transmitting, to the base station, a second message including at least one of the first capability information and the second capability information. | A system and a method that reports capability information regarding a dual mode User Equipment (UE) are provided. The UE supports Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). The UE capability transmitting method includes receiving a message requesting UE capability information from an evolved Node B (eNB), generating first capability information and second capability information according to the UE capability information requesting message, and transmitting UE capability information including the first and second capability information to the eNB. The first capability information comprises FDD capability information applicable to an FDD mode or TDD capability information applicable to a TDD mode. The second capability information comprises capability information applicable to both the FDD mode and the TDD mode. The system and method can allow a dual mode UE to efficiently report its capability information.1. A method for transmitting capability information by a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from a base station, a first message requesting a radio access capability of the terminal; identifying first capability information by considering both of a frequency division duplex (FDD) mode and a time division duplex (TDD) mode; identifying second capability information by considering either the FDD mode or the TDD mode; and transmitting, to the base station, a second message including at least one of the first capability information and the second capability information. | 3,700 |
339,740 | 16,800,714 | 2,839 | A system and a method that reports capability information regarding a dual mode User Equipment (UE) are provided. The UE supports Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). The UE capability transmitting method includes receiving a message requesting UE capability information from an evolved Node B (eNB), generating first capability information and second capability information according to the UE capability information requesting message, and transmitting UE capability information including the first and second capability information to the eNB. The first capability information comprises FDD capability information applicable to an FDD mode or TDD capability information applicable to a TDD mode. The second capability information comprises capability information applicable to both the FDD mode and the TDD mode. The system and method can allow a dual mode UE to efficiently report its capability information. | 1. A method for transmitting capability information by a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from a base station, a first message requesting a radio access capability of the terminal; identifying first capability information by considering both of a frequency division duplex (FDD) mode and a time division duplex (TDD) mode; identifying second capability information by considering either the FDD mode or the TDD mode; and transmitting, to the base station, a second message including at least one of the first capability information and the second capability information. | A system and a method that reports capability information regarding a dual mode User Equipment (UE) are provided. The UE supports Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). The UE capability transmitting method includes receiving a message requesting UE capability information from an evolved Node B (eNB), generating first capability information and second capability information according to the UE capability information requesting message, and transmitting UE capability information including the first and second capability information to the eNB. The first capability information comprises FDD capability information applicable to an FDD mode or TDD capability information applicable to a TDD mode. The second capability information comprises capability information applicable to both the FDD mode and the TDD mode. The system and method can allow a dual mode UE to efficiently report its capability information.1. A method for transmitting capability information by a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from a base station, a first message requesting a radio access capability of the terminal; identifying first capability information by considering both of a frequency division duplex (FDD) mode and a time division duplex (TDD) mode; identifying second capability information by considering either the FDD mode or the TDD mode; and transmitting, to the base station, a second message including at least one of the first capability information and the second capability information. | 2,800 |
339,741 | 16,800,715 | 2,839 | A model-assisted system for predicting survivability of a patient may include at least one processor. The processor may be programmed to access a database storing a medical record for the patient. The medical record may include at least one of structured and unstructured information relative to the patient and may lack a structured patient ECOG score. The processor may be further programmed to analyze at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient; based on the analysis, and in the absence of a structured ECOG score, generate a performance status prediction for the patient; and provide an output indicative of the predicted performance status. The analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information and the generation of the predicted performance status may be performed by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm. | 1. A model-assisted system for predicting a performance status of a patient, the system comprising:
at least one processor programmed to:
access a database storing a medical record for the patient, the medical record including at least one of structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, wherein the medical record lacks a structured patient ECOG score;
analyze at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient;
based on the analysis, and in the absence of a structured ECOG score, generate a performance status prediction for the patient; and
provide an output indicative of the predicted performance status of the patient,
wherein the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient and the generation of the predicted performance status for the patient are performed by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model includes a logistic regression model, a neural network, or a random forest model. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model includes a cox proportional hazards regression model. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model applies a lasso regression analysis. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the medical record for the patient is received from a medical care provider, a laboratory, or an insurance company. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the structured information includes a gender, a birth date, a race, a weight, a lab result, a vital sign, a diagnosis date, a visit date, a medication order, a diagnosis code, a procedure code, a drug code, a prior therapy, or a medication administration. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the unstructured information includes text written by a health care provider, a radiology report, or a pathology report. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the performance status prediction comprises a survivability prediction for the patient. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the output indicative of the predicted performance status includes a time estimate of how long the patient is expected to survive. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the time estimate of how long the patient is expected to survive is relative to an initiation date of a therapy. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to determine a suitability of including the patient in a clinical trial based on at least the output indicative of the predicted performance status. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to provide an output indicative of the suitability of including the patient in the clinical trial. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the clinical trial involves treating the patient using a therapy. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the therapy is a cancer therapy. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generate a time estimate of expected improvement or worsening of the patient due to a disease. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the time estimate of expected improvement or worsening of the patient due to the disease is relative to an initiation date of a therapy. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generate a size estimate indicative of how much a tumor in the patient is predicted to shrink or grow over a predetermined time period after an initiation date of a therapy. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model is configured to:
access medical records for a plurality of patients; select a first subset of the medical records; analyze the first subset of the medical records to generate a predicted performance status of the patients in the first subset; select a second subset of the medical records, wherein the second subset does not include the first subset; analyze the second subset of the medical records to generate a predicted performance status of the patients in the second subset; and determine an accuracy level of the trained machine learning model based on the predicted performance status of the patients in the first subset and the predicted performance status of the patients in the second subset. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the medical records for the plurality of patients lack structured patient ECOG scores. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing algorithm includes a logistic regression, a neural network, or a random forest algorithm. 21. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing algorithm includes a cox proportional hazards regression algorithm. 22. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing algorithm applies a lasso regression analysis. 23. A method for predicting a performance status of a patient, the method comprising:
accessing a database storing a medical record for the patient, the medical record including at least one of structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, wherein the medical record lacks a structured patient ECOG score; analyzing at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient; based on the analysis, and in the absence of a structured ECOG score, generating a performance status prediction for the patient; and providing an output indicative of the predicted performance status of the patient, wherein the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient and the generation of the performance status prediction for the patient are performed by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the trained machine learning model includes a logistic regression model, a neural network, or a random forest model. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the structured information includes a gender, a birth date, a race, a weight, a lab result, a vital sign, a diagnosis date, a visit date, a medication order, a diagnosis code, a procedure code, a drug code, a prior therapy, or a medication administration. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the unstructured information includes text written by a health care provider, a radiology report, or a pathology report. 27. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
determining a suitability of including the patient in a clinical trial based on at least the output indicative of the predicted performance status. 28. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generating a time estimate of expected improvement or worsening of the patient due to a disease. 29. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generating a size estimate indicative of how much a tumor in the patient is predicted to shrink or grow over a predetermined time period after an initiation date of a therapy. 30. The method of claim 23, wherein generating the performance status prediction comprises generating a survivability prediction for the patient. 31. A system for providing a performance status score for a patient, the system comprising:
at least one processor programmed to:
access a database storing a medical record for the patient, the medical record including structured and unstructured information relative to the patient;
identify, based on the medical record, a line of treatment associated with the patient, wherein the structured information lacks a performance status score for the patient associated with the line of treatment;
analyze the unstructured information to determine a performance status score for the patient associated with the line of treatment, wherein the performance status score is determined by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm; and
provide an output indicative of the performance status score. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the performance status score comprises an ECOG score. 33. The system of claim 31, wherein the analysis of the unstructured information is limited to unstructured information recorded within a predefined timeframe of a start date of the line of treatment. | A model-assisted system for predicting survivability of a patient may include at least one processor. The processor may be programmed to access a database storing a medical record for the patient. The medical record may include at least one of structured and unstructured information relative to the patient and may lack a structured patient ECOG score. The processor may be further programmed to analyze at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient; based on the analysis, and in the absence of a structured ECOG score, generate a performance status prediction for the patient; and provide an output indicative of the predicted performance status. The analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information and the generation of the predicted performance status may be performed by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm.1. A model-assisted system for predicting a performance status of a patient, the system comprising:
at least one processor programmed to:
access a database storing a medical record for the patient, the medical record including at least one of structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, wherein the medical record lacks a structured patient ECOG score;
analyze at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient;
based on the analysis, and in the absence of a structured ECOG score, generate a performance status prediction for the patient; and
provide an output indicative of the predicted performance status of the patient,
wherein the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient and the generation of the predicted performance status for the patient are performed by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model includes a logistic regression model, a neural network, or a random forest model. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model includes a cox proportional hazards regression model. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model applies a lasso regression analysis. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the medical record for the patient is received from a medical care provider, a laboratory, or an insurance company. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the structured information includes a gender, a birth date, a race, a weight, a lab result, a vital sign, a diagnosis date, a visit date, a medication order, a diagnosis code, a procedure code, a drug code, a prior therapy, or a medication administration. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the unstructured information includes text written by a health care provider, a radiology report, or a pathology report. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the performance status prediction comprises a survivability prediction for the patient. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the output indicative of the predicted performance status includes a time estimate of how long the patient is expected to survive. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the time estimate of how long the patient is expected to survive is relative to an initiation date of a therapy. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to determine a suitability of including the patient in a clinical trial based on at least the output indicative of the predicted performance status. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to provide an output indicative of the suitability of including the patient in the clinical trial. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the clinical trial involves treating the patient using a therapy. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the therapy is a cancer therapy. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generate a time estimate of expected improvement or worsening of the patient due to a disease. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the time estimate of expected improvement or worsening of the patient due to the disease is relative to an initiation date of a therapy. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generate a size estimate indicative of how much a tumor in the patient is predicted to shrink or grow over a predetermined time period after an initiation date of a therapy. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model is configured to:
access medical records for a plurality of patients; select a first subset of the medical records; analyze the first subset of the medical records to generate a predicted performance status of the patients in the first subset; select a second subset of the medical records, wherein the second subset does not include the first subset; analyze the second subset of the medical records to generate a predicted performance status of the patients in the second subset; and determine an accuracy level of the trained machine learning model based on the predicted performance status of the patients in the first subset and the predicted performance status of the patients in the second subset. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the medical records for the plurality of patients lack structured patient ECOG scores. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing algorithm includes a logistic regression, a neural network, or a random forest algorithm. 21. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing algorithm includes a cox proportional hazards regression algorithm. 22. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing algorithm applies a lasso regression analysis. 23. A method for predicting a performance status of a patient, the method comprising:
accessing a database storing a medical record for the patient, the medical record including at least one of structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, wherein the medical record lacks a structured patient ECOG score; analyzing at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient; based on the analysis, and in the absence of a structured ECOG score, generating a performance status prediction for the patient; and providing an output indicative of the predicted performance status of the patient, wherein the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient and the generation of the performance status prediction for the patient are performed by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the trained machine learning model includes a logistic regression model, a neural network, or a random forest model. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the structured information includes a gender, a birth date, a race, a weight, a lab result, a vital sign, a diagnosis date, a visit date, a medication order, a diagnosis code, a procedure code, a drug code, a prior therapy, or a medication administration. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the unstructured information includes text written by a health care provider, a radiology report, or a pathology report. 27. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
determining a suitability of including the patient in a clinical trial based on at least the output indicative of the predicted performance status. 28. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generating a time estimate of expected improvement or worsening of the patient due to a disease. 29. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generating a size estimate indicative of how much a tumor in the patient is predicted to shrink or grow over a predetermined time period after an initiation date of a therapy. 30. The method of claim 23, wherein generating the performance status prediction comprises generating a survivability prediction for the patient. 31. A system for providing a performance status score for a patient, the system comprising:
at least one processor programmed to:
access a database storing a medical record for the patient, the medical record including structured and unstructured information relative to the patient;
identify, based on the medical record, a line of treatment associated with the patient, wherein the structured information lacks a performance status score for the patient associated with the line of treatment;
analyze the unstructured information to determine a performance status score for the patient associated with the line of treatment, wherein the performance status score is determined by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm; and
provide an output indicative of the performance status score. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the performance status score comprises an ECOG score. 33. The system of claim 31, wherein the analysis of the unstructured information is limited to unstructured information recorded within a predefined timeframe of a start date of the line of treatment. | 2,800 |
339,742 | 16,800,692 | 2,839 | A model-assisted system for predicting survivability of a patient may include at least one processor. The processor may be programmed to access a database storing a medical record for the patient. The medical record may include at least one of structured and unstructured information relative to the patient and may lack a structured patient ECOG score. The processor may be further programmed to analyze at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient; based on the analysis, and in the absence of a structured ECOG score, generate a performance status prediction for the patient; and provide an output indicative of the predicted performance status. The analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information and the generation of the predicted performance status may be performed by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm. | 1. A model-assisted system for predicting a performance status of a patient, the system comprising:
at least one processor programmed to:
access a database storing a medical record for the patient, the medical record including at least one of structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, wherein the medical record lacks a structured patient ECOG score;
analyze at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient;
based on the analysis, and in the absence of a structured ECOG score, generate a performance status prediction for the patient; and
provide an output indicative of the predicted performance status of the patient,
wherein the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient and the generation of the predicted performance status for the patient are performed by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model includes a logistic regression model, a neural network, or a random forest model. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model includes a cox proportional hazards regression model. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model applies a lasso regression analysis. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the medical record for the patient is received from a medical care provider, a laboratory, or an insurance company. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the structured information includes a gender, a birth date, a race, a weight, a lab result, a vital sign, a diagnosis date, a visit date, a medication order, a diagnosis code, a procedure code, a drug code, a prior therapy, or a medication administration. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the unstructured information includes text written by a health care provider, a radiology report, or a pathology report. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the performance status prediction comprises a survivability prediction for the patient. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the output indicative of the predicted performance status includes a time estimate of how long the patient is expected to survive. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the time estimate of how long the patient is expected to survive is relative to an initiation date of a therapy. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to determine a suitability of including the patient in a clinical trial based on at least the output indicative of the predicted performance status. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to provide an output indicative of the suitability of including the patient in the clinical trial. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the clinical trial involves treating the patient using a therapy. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the therapy is a cancer therapy. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generate a time estimate of expected improvement or worsening of the patient due to a disease. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the time estimate of expected improvement or worsening of the patient due to the disease is relative to an initiation date of a therapy. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generate a size estimate indicative of how much a tumor in the patient is predicted to shrink or grow over a predetermined time period after an initiation date of a therapy. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model is configured to:
access medical records for a plurality of patients; select a first subset of the medical records; analyze the first subset of the medical records to generate a predicted performance status of the patients in the first subset; select a second subset of the medical records, wherein the second subset does not include the first subset; analyze the second subset of the medical records to generate a predicted performance status of the patients in the second subset; and determine an accuracy level of the trained machine learning model based on the predicted performance status of the patients in the first subset and the predicted performance status of the patients in the second subset. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the medical records for the plurality of patients lack structured patient ECOG scores. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing algorithm includes a logistic regression, a neural network, or a random forest algorithm. 21. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing algorithm includes a cox proportional hazards regression algorithm. 22. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing algorithm applies a lasso regression analysis. 23. A method for predicting a performance status of a patient, the method comprising:
accessing a database storing a medical record for the patient, the medical record including at least one of structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, wherein the medical record lacks a structured patient ECOG score; analyzing at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient; based on the analysis, and in the absence of a structured ECOG score, generating a performance status prediction for the patient; and providing an output indicative of the predicted performance status of the patient, wherein the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient and the generation of the performance status prediction for the patient are performed by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the trained machine learning model includes a logistic regression model, a neural network, or a random forest model. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the structured information includes a gender, a birth date, a race, a weight, a lab result, a vital sign, a diagnosis date, a visit date, a medication order, a diagnosis code, a procedure code, a drug code, a prior therapy, or a medication administration. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the unstructured information includes text written by a health care provider, a radiology report, or a pathology report. 27. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
determining a suitability of including the patient in a clinical trial based on at least the output indicative of the predicted performance status. 28. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generating a time estimate of expected improvement or worsening of the patient due to a disease. 29. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generating a size estimate indicative of how much a tumor in the patient is predicted to shrink or grow over a predetermined time period after an initiation date of a therapy. 30. The method of claim 23, wherein generating the performance status prediction comprises generating a survivability prediction for the patient. 31. A system for providing a performance status score for a patient, the system comprising:
at least one processor programmed to:
access a database storing a medical record for the patient, the medical record including structured and unstructured information relative to the patient;
identify, based on the medical record, a line of treatment associated with the patient, wherein the structured information lacks a performance status score for the patient associated with the line of treatment;
analyze the unstructured information to determine a performance status score for the patient associated with the line of treatment, wherein the performance status score is determined by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm; and
provide an output indicative of the performance status score. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the performance status score comprises an ECOG score. 33. The system of claim 31, wherein the analysis of the unstructured information is limited to unstructured information recorded within a predefined timeframe of a start date of the line of treatment. | A model-assisted system for predicting survivability of a patient may include at least one processor. The processor may be programmed to access a database storing a medical record for the patient. The medical record may include at least one of structured and unstructured information relative to the patient and may lack a structured patient ECOG score. The processor may be further programmed to analyze at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient; based on the analysis, and in the absence of a structured ECOG score, generate a performance status prediction for the patient; and provide an output indicative of the predicted performance status. The analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information and the generation of the predicted performance status may be performed by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm.1. A model-assisted system for predicting a performance status of a patient, the system comprising:
at least one processor programmed to:
access a database storing a medical record for the patient, the medical record including at least one of structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, wherein the medical record lacks a structured patient ECOG score;
analyze at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient;
based on the analysis, and in the absence of a structured ECOG score, generate a performance status prediction for the patient; and
provide an output indicative of the predicted performance status of the patient,
wherein the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient and the generation of the predicted performance status for the patient are performed by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model includes a logistic regression model, a neural network, or a random forest model. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model includes a cox proportional hazards regression model. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model applies a lasso regression analysis. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the medical record for the patient is received from a medical care provider, a laboratory, or an insurance company. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the structured information includes a gender, a birth date, a race, a weight, a lab result, a vital sign, a diagnosis date, a visit date, a medication order, a diagnosis code, a procedure code, a drug code, a prior therapy, or a medication administration. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the unstructured information includes text written by a health care provider, a radiology report, or a pathology report. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the performance status prediction comprises a survivability prediction for the patient. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the output indicative of the predicted performance status includes a time estimate of how long the patient is expected to survive. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the time estimate of how long the patient is expected to survive is relative to an initiation date of a therapy. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to determine a suitability of including the patient in a clinical trial based on at least the output indicative of the predicted performance status. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to provide an output indicative of the suitability of including the patient in the clinical trial. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the clinical trial involves treating the patient using a therapy. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the therapy is a cancer therapy. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generate a time estimate of expected improvement or worsening of the patient due to a disease. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the time estimate of expected improvement or worsening of the patient due to the disease is relative to an initiation date of a therapy. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed to:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generate a size estimate indicative of how much a tumor in the patient is predicted to shrink or grow over a predetermined time period after an initiation date of a therapy. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the trained machine learning model is configured to:
access medical records for a plurality of patients; select a first subset of the medical records; analyze the first subset of the medical records to generate a predicted performance status of the patients in the first subset; select a second subset of the medical records, wherein the second subset does not include the first subset; analyze the second subset of the medical records to generate a predicted performance status of the patients in the second subset; and determine an accuracy level of the trained machine learning model based on the predicted performance status of the patients in the first subset and the predicted performance status of the patients in the second subset. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the medical records for the plurality of patients lack structured patient ECOG scores. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing algorithm includes a logistic regression, a neural network, or a random forest algorithm. 21. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing algorithm includes a cox proportional hazards regression algorithm. 22. The system of claim 1, wherein the natural language processing algorithm applies a lasso regression analysis. 23. A method for predicting a performance status of a patient, the method comprising:
accessing a database storing a medical record for the patient, the medical record including at least one of structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, wherein the medical record lacks a structured patient ECOG score; analyzing at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient; based on the analysis, and in the absence of a structured ECOG score, generating a performance status prediction for the patient; and providing an output indicative of the predicted performance status of the patient, wherein the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient and the generation of the performance status prediction for the patient are performed by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the trained machine learning model includes a logistic regression model, a neural network, or a random forest model. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the structured information includes a gender, a birth date, a race, a weight, a lab result, a vital sign, a diagnosis date, a visit date, a medication order, a diagnosis code, a procedure code, a drug code, a prior therapy, or a medication administration. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the unstructured information includes text written by a health care provider, a radiology report, or a pathology report. 27. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
determining a suitability of including the patient in a clinical trial based on at least the output indicative of the predicted performance status. 28. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generating a time estimate of expected improvement or worsening of the patient due to a disease. 29. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
based on the analysis of at least one of the structured and unstructured information relative to the patient, generating a size estimate indicative of how much a tumor in the patient is predicted to shrink or grow over a predetermined time period after an initiation date of a therapy. 30. The method of claim 23, wherein generating the performance status prediction comprises generating a survivability prediction for the patient. 31. A system for providing a performance status score for a patient, the system comprising:
at least one processor programmed to:
access a database storing a medical record for the patient, the medical record including structured and unstructured information relative to the patient;
identify, based on the medical record, a line of treatment associated with the patient, wherein the structured information lacks a performance status score for the patient associated with the line of treatment;
analyze the unstructured information to determine a performance status score for the patient associated with the line of treatment, wherein the performance status score is determined by at least one of a trained machine learning model or a natural language processing algorithm; and
provide an output indicative of the performance status score. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the performance status score comprises an ECOG score. 33. The system of claim 31, wherein the analysis of the unstructured information is limited to unstructured information recorded within a predefined timeframe of a start date of the line of treatment. | 2,800 |
339,743 | 16,800,679 | 2,839 | A camera mounting assembly includes a base member or plate for holding a camera and a side member or plate. In an exemplary embodiment, lower slots on the base plate or side slots on the side plate are gripped by a vertical support's quick-release mechanism to mount the camera in a landscape or portrait orientation, respectively, the camera being generally centered and evenly balanced over the support in either case. The side member is detachably fastened to the base member, which modular construction permits separately timed purchase of the base member and side member as allowed by the user's budget and further permits breakdown of the assembly for ease of transport. The side member may be generally L-shaped with a lower arm length less than the side arm length, which also facilitates transport. Other components may be detachably added such as a hand grip facilitating freehand shooting with the camera. | 1. A camera mounting assembly for adjustably mounting a camera on a vertical support comprising:
(a) a base member having an upper portion configured to receive a lower surface of the camera and a lower portion adapted for selective mounting on the vertical support such that the camera is positioned in a landscape orientation; (b) a side member detachably fastenable to the base member such that at least a portion of the side member extends along a side surface of the camera received by the base member, the side member forming an opposite pair of inclined edges adapted for selective engagement by an engagement mechanism such that the camera is adjustably mountable in a portrait orientation; (c) at least one of the base member and the side member including a pair of spaced apart elongate members extending within at least one of a portion of said base member and a portion of said side member to form an alignment mechanism for aligning the base member and the side member as the base member and the side member are being positioned for detachable fastening in a manner independent of either of said base member and said side member being attached to said camera; (d) a fastening element comprising a rotatable member, a threaded first opening defined in said base member, where rotation of said rotatable member within said threaded first opening enables detachably interconnecting said side member to said base member when said camera is supported by said base member, said rotatable member extends through at least a portion of said base member by rotation of said rotatable member when said base member is fastened to said side member and said rotatable member to be removed from within at least a portion of said base member by rotation of said rotatable member when said side member is said detached from said base member, wherein said rotatable member is not the same as said pair of spaced apart elongate members, said base member being free from extending along a substantial portion of said side surface of said camera when said camera is supported by said base member and said side member is detached from said base member. 2. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising said side member forming an opposite pair of side slots. 3. The camera mounting assembly of claim 2 further comprising said lower portion forming an opposite pair of lower slots. 4. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein the side member includes a side arm and a lower arm in a generally L-shaped arrangement, the side arm being aligned with the side surface of the camera when the lower surface of the camera is supported by the base member. 5. The camera mounting assembly of claim 4 wherein the lower arm has a length shorter than the length of both the base member and the side arm. 6. The camera mounting assembly of claim 5 wherein the lower arm is integral with the side arm. 7. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein said rotatable member is accessible from said side surface of said camera when said lower surface of said camera is supported by said base member where rotation of said rotatable member detachably interconnects said side member to said base member when said camera is supported by said base member. 8. The camera mounting assembly of claim 7 further comprising another rotatable member accessible from said side surface of said camera when said lower surface of said camera is supported by said base member where rotation of said another rotatable member detachably interconnects said side member to said base member when said camera is supported by said base member. 9. The camera mounting assembly of claim 3 wherein said opposite pair of lower slots are dovetailed slots. 10. The camera mounting assembly of claim 2 wherein said opposite pair of side slots are dovetailed slots. 11. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising said base member defining an centering mark along a side of said base member. 12. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising said side member defining an centering mark along a side of said side member. 13. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein said side member defines a cutout to provide access to the side of said camera. 14. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising a second opening defined in said side member. 15. The camera mounting assembly of claim 14 further comprising said second opening is defined in a vertical portion of said side member and said second opening is aligned with said first opening when said base member and said side member are fastened together. 16. The camera mounting assembly of claim 14 further comprising said second opening is defined in a horizontal portion of said side member and said second opening is aligned with said first opening when said base member and said side member are fastened together. 17. The camera mounting assembly of claim 15 wherein said rotatable member is accessible from said side surface of said camera when said lower surface of said camera is supported by said base member. 18. The camera mounting assembly of claim 16 wherein said rotatable member is accessible from said lower surface of said camera when said lower surface of said camera is supported by said base member. 19. The camera mounting assembly of claim 17 wherein said rotatable member is a screw. 20. The camera mounting assembly of claim 18 wherein said rotatable member is a screw. 21. The camera mounting assembly of claim 19 wherein said rotatable member is a set screw. 22. The camera mounting assembly of claim 20 wherein said rotatable member is a set screw. 23. The camera mounting assembly of claim 19 further comprising a hand grip supported by said base member. 24. The camera mounting assembly of claim 20 further comprising a hand grip supported by said base member. 25. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein said alignment mechanism includes a projecting member configured to limit relative movement of said base member and said side member. 26. The camera mounting assembly of claim 25 wherein the projecting member comprises a guide pin. 27. The camera mounting assembly of claim 26 wherein the side member has a marking to visually indicate where the side slots are to be selectively engaged to maintain the lens of the camera substantially centered over the vertical support. 28. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein the side member is generally L-shaped having a side arm and a lower arm and the base member and lower arm are substantially flush with each other when the base member and the side member are detachably fastened together. 29. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein the side member includes a side arm and a lower arm in generally L-shaped arrangement, the side arm being aligned with the side surface of the camera when the lower surface of the camera is supported by the base member. 30. The camera mounting assembly of claim 29 wherein the lower arm has a length shorter than the length of both the base member and the side arm. 31. The camera mounting assembly of claim 30 wherein the lower arm is integral with the side arm. 32. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein said side member defines an opposite pair of dovetailed slots. 33. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein said side member defines a cutout to provide access to the side of said camera. 34. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising said vertical support. 35. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising said engagement mechanism. 36. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising said camera. | A camera mounting assembly includes a base member or plate for holding a camera and a side member or plate. In an exemplary embodiment, lower slots on the base plate or side slots on the side plate are gripped by a vertical support's quick-release mechanism to mount the camera in a landscape or portrait orientation, respectively, the camera being generally centered and evenly balanced over the support in either case. The side member is detachably fastened to the base member, which modular construction permits separately timed purchase of the base member and side member as allowed by the user's budget and further permits breakdown of the assembly for ease of transport. The side member may be generally L-shaped with a lower arm length less than the side arm length, which also facilitates transport. Other components may be detachably added such as a hand grip facilitating freehand shooting with the camera.1. A camera mounting assembly for adjustably mounting a camera on a vertical support comprising:
(a) a base member having an upper portion configured to receive a lower surface of the camera and a lower portion adapted for selective mounting on the vertical support such that the camera is positioned in a landscape orientation; (b) a side member detachably fastenable to the base member such that at least a portion of the side member extends along a side surface of the camera received by the base member, the side member forming an opposite pair of inclined edges adapted for selective engagement by an engagement mechanism such that the camera is adjustably mountable in a portrait orientation; (c) at least one of the base member and the side member including a pair of spaced apart elongate members extending within at least one of a portion of said base member and a portion of said side member to form an alignment mechanism for aligning the base member and the side member as the base member and the side member are being positioned for detachable fastening in a manner independent of either of said base member and said side member being attached to said camera; (d) a fastening element comprising a rotatable member, a threaded first opening defined in said base member, where rotation of said rotatable member within said threaded first opening enables detachably interconnecting said side member to said base member when said camera is supported by said base member, said rotatable member extends through at least a portion of said base member by rotation of said rotatable member when said base member is fastened to said side member and said rotatable member to be removed from within at least a portion of said base member by rotation of said rotatable member when said side member is said detached from said base member, wherein said rotatable member is not the same as said pair of spaced apart elongate members, said base member being free from extending along a substantial portion of said side surface of said camera when said camera is supported by said base member and said side member is detached from said base member. 2. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising said side member forming an opposite pair of side slots. 3. The camera mounting assembly of claim 2 further comprising said lower portion forming an opposite pair of lower slots. 4. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein the side member includes a side arm and a lower arm in a generally L-shaped arrangement, the side arm being aligned with the side surface of the camera when the lower surface of the camera is supported by the base member. 5. The camera mounting assembly of claim 4 wherein the lower arm has a length shorter than the length of both the base member and the side arm. 6. The camera mounting assembly of claim 5 wherein the lower arm is integral with the side arm. 7. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein said rotatable member is accessible from said side surface of said camera when said lower surface of said camera is supported by said base member where rotation of said rotatable member detachably interconnects said side member to said base member when said camera is supported by said base member. 8. The camera mounting assembly of claim 7 further comprising another rotatable member accessible from said side surface of said camera when said lower surface of said camera is supported by said base member where rotation of said another rotatable member detachably interconnects said side member to said base member when said camera is supported by said base member. 9. The camera mounting assembly of claim 3 wherein said opposite pair of lower slots are dovetailed slots. 10. The camera mounting assembly of claim 2 wherein said opposite pair of side slots are dovetailed slots. 11. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising said base member defining an centering mark along a side of said base member. 12. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising said side member defining an centering mark along a side of said side member. 13. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein said side member defines a cutout to provide access to the side of said camera. 14. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising a second opening defined in said side member. 15. The camera mounting assembly of claim 14 further comprising said second opening is defined in a vertical portion of said side member and said second opening is aligned with said first opening when said base member and said side member are fastened together. 16. The camera mounting assembly of claim 14 further comprising said second opening is defined in a horizontal portion of said side member and said second opening is aligned with said first opening when said base member and said side member are fastened together. 17. The camera mounting assembly of claim 15 wherein said rotatable member is accessible from said side surface of said camera when said lower surface of said camera is supported by said base member. 18. The camera mounting assembly of claim 16 wherein said rotatable member is accessible from said lower surface of said camera when said lower surface of said camera is supported by said base member. 19. The camera mounting assembly of claim 17 wherein said rotatable member is a screw. 20. The camera mounting assembly of claim 18 wherein said rotatable member is a screw. 21. The camera mounting assembly of claim 19 wherein said rotatable member is a set screw. 22. The camera mounting assembly of claim 20 wherein said rotatable member is a set screw. 23. The camera mounting assembly of claim 19 further comprising a hand grip supported by said base member. 24. The camera mounting assembly of claim 20 further comprising a hand grip supported by said base member. 25. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein said alignment mechanism includes a projecting member configured to limit relative movement of said base member and said side member. 26. The camera mounting assembly of claim 25 wherein the projecting member comprises a guide pin. 27. The camera mounting assembly of claim 26 wherein the side member has a marking to visually indicate where the side slots are to be selectively engaged to maintain the lens of the camera substantially centered over the vertical support. 28. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein the side member is generally L-shaped having a side arm and a lower arm and the base member and lower arm are substantially flush with each other when the base member and the side member are detachably fastened together. 29. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein the side member includes a side arm and a lower arm in generally L-shaped arrangement, the side arm being aligned with the side surface of the camera when the lower surface of the camera is supported by the base member. 30. The camera mounting assembly of claim 29 wherein the lower arm has a length shorter than the length of both the base member and the side arm. 31. The camera mounting assembly of claim 30 wherein the lower arm is integral with the side arm. 32. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein said side member defines an opposite pair of dovetailed slots. 33. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 wherein said side member defines a cutout to provide access to the side of said camera. 34. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising said vertical support. 35. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising said engagement mechanism. 36. The camera mounting assembly of claim 1 further comprising said camera. | 2,800 |
339,744 | 16,800,686 | 2,839 | A method and an apparatus are provided for transmitting a mission critical data (MCData) notification message by a first user equipment (UE) in a communication system by generating an MCData notification message to share disposition information and transmitting the MCData notification message to a second UE. The MCData notification message includes at least one of a notification message identity information element to identify a type of the MCData notification message, a date and time information element to indicate a time when the MCData notification message was sent, a conversation identifier (ID) information element to identify a conversation, and a message ID information element to identify the MCData message within the conversation. | 1. A method for transmitting a mission critical data (MCData) notification message by a first user equipment (UE) in a communication system, comprising:
generating an MCData notification message to share disposition information; and transmitting the MCData notification message to a second UE, wherein the MCData notification message comprises at least one of a notification message identity information element to identify a type of the MCData notification message, a date and time information element to indicate a time when the MCData notification message was sent, a conversation identifier (ID) information element to identify a conversation, and a message ID information element to identify the MCData message within the conversation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the MCData notification message further comprises at least one of:
a disposition notification type information element to identify a type of a disposition notification, and an application ID information element to identify an application for which the MCData notification message is intended. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the notification message type information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 1 octet, the disposition notification type information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 1 octet, the date and time information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 5 octets, the conversation ID information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 16 octets, the message ID information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 16 octets, the application ID information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 2 octets. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the MCData notification message is one of a short data service (SDS) notification message, an SDS off-network notification message, and a file distribution (FD) notification message. 5. A first user equipment (UE) in a communication system, comprising:
a transceiver; and at least one processor configured to: generate a mission critical data (MCData) notification message to share disposition information, and control the transceiver to transmit the MCData notification message to a second UE, wherein the MCData notification message comprises at least one of a notification message identity information element to identify a type of the MCData notification message, a date and time information element to indicate a time when the MCData notification message was sent, a conversation identifier (ID) information element to identify a conversation, and a message ID information element to identify the MCData message within the conversation. 6. The first UE of claim 5, wherein the MCData notification message further comprises at least one of:
a disposition notification type information element to identify a type of a disposition notification, and an application ID information element to identify an application for which the MCData notification message is intended. 7. The first UE of claim 6, wherein the notification message type information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 1 octet, the disposition notification type information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 1 octet, the date and time information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 5 octets, the conversation ID information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 16 octets, the message ID information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 16 octets, the application ID information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 2 octets. 8. The first UE of claim 5, wherein the MCData notification message is one of a short data service (SDS) notification message, an SDS off-network notification message, and a file distribution (FD) notification message. | A method and an apparatus are provided for transmitting a mission critical data (MCData) notification message by a first user equipment (UE) in a communication system by generating an MCData notification message to share disposition information and transmitting the MCData notification message to a second UE. The MCData notification message includes at least one of a notification message identity information element to identify a type of the MCData notification message, a date and time information element to indicate a time when the MCData notification message was sent, a conversation identifier (ID) information element to identify a conversation, and a message ID information element to identify the MCData message within the conversation.1. A method for transmitting a mission critical data (MCData) notification message by a first user equipment (UE) in a communication system, comprising:
generating an MCData notification message to share disposition information; and transmitting the MCData notification message to a second UE, wherein the MCData notification message comprises at least one of a notification message identity information element to identify a type of the MCData notification message, a date and time information element to indicate a time when the MCData notification message was sent, a conversation identifier (ID) information element to identify a conversation, and a message ID information element to identify the MCData message within the conversation. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the MCData notification message further comprises at least one of:
a disposition notification type information element to identify a type of a disposition notification, and an application ID information element to identify an application for which the MCData notification message is intended. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the notification message type information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 1 octet, the disposition notification type information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 1 octet, the date and time information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 5 octets, the conversation ID information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 16 octets, the message ID information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 16 octets, the application ID information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 2 octets. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the MCData notification message is one of a short data service (SDS) notification message, an SDS off-network notification message, and a file distribution (FD) notification message. 5. A first user equipment (UE) in a communication system, comprising:
a transceiver; and at least one processor configured to: generate a mission critical data (MCData) notification message to share disposition information, and control the transceiver to transmit the MCData notification message to a second UE, wherein the MCData notification message comprises at least one of a notification message identity information element to identify a type of the MCData notification message, a date and time information element to indicate a time when the MCData notification message was sent, a conversation identifier (ID) information element to identify a conversation, and a message ID information element to identify the MCData message within the conversation. 6. The first UE of claim 5, wherein the MCData notification message further comprises at least one of:
a disposition notification type information element to identify a type of a disposition notification, and an application ID information element to identify an application for which the MCData notification message is intended. 7. The first UE of claim 6, wherein the notification message type information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 1 octet, the disposition notification type information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 1 octet, the date and time information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 5 octets, the conversation ID information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 16 octets, the message ID information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 16 octets, the application ID information element is a type 3 information element with a length of 2 octets. 8. The first UE of claim 5, wherein the MCData notification message is one of a short data service (SDS) notification message, an SDS off-network notification message, and a file distribution (FD) notification message. | 2,800 |
339,745 | 16,800,669 | 2,839 | In some embodiments, a method for die-level monitoring is provided. The method includes distributing user data throughout a plurality of storage nodes through erasure coding, wherein the plurality of storage nodes are housed within a chassis that couples the storage nodes. Each of the storage nodes has a non-volatile solid-state storage with non-volatile memory and the user data is accessible via the erasure coding from a remainder of the storage nodes in event of two of the storage nodes being unreachable. The method includes producing diagnostic information that diagnoses the non-volatile memory on a basis of per package, per die, per plane, per block, or per page, the producing performed by each of the plurality of storage nodes. The method includes writing the diagnostic information to a memory in the storage cluster. | 1. A method for die-level monitoring in a storage cluster, comprising:
performing error correction of reads of a non-volatile solid state storage; forwarding error information, based at least in part on the error correction, from a controller for the non-volatile solid-state storage; and characterizing the non-volatile solid state storage by combining the error information at differing time points from the controller for the non-volatile solid state storage. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the characterization of the non-volatile solid state storage indicates at least one change in the non-volatile solid-state storage. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
biasing at least one of a read from or a write to the non-volatile solid state storage, responsive to the combining the error information. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
tracking wear of a plurality of blocks of the non-volatile solid state storage, based on the error information. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein combining the error information further comprises:
tracking bit errors per page, each page having a plurality of codewords; and forwarding information pertaining to the bit errors from the non-volatile solid state storage to a processor of a storage node of the storage cluster. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
reporting incidents of the error correction, wherein the error information is based on the incidents of the error correction. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining to which of a plurality of blocks to write a portion of user data, based on the error information. 8. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having executable instructions to cause one or more processing units to perform a method, comprising:
performing error correction of reads of a non-volatile memory; forwarding error information, based at least in part on the error correction, from a controller in non-volatile solid-state storage; and characterizing the non-volatile solid state storage by combining the error information at differing time points from the controller for the non-volatile solid state storage. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the characterization of the non-volatile solid state storage indicates at least one change in the non-volatile solid-state storage. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, further comprising:
biasing at least one of a read from or a write to the non-volatile solid state storage, responsive to the combining the error information. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, further comprising:
tracking wear of a plurality of blocks of the non-volatile solid state storage, based on the error information. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein combining the error information further comprises:
tracking bit errors per page, each page having a plurality of codewords; and forwarding information pertaining to the bit errors from the non-volatile solid state storage to a processor of a storage node of the storage cluster. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, further comprising:
reporting incidents of the error correction, wherein the error information is based on the incidents of the error correction. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, further comprising:
determining to which of a plurality of blocks to write a portion of user data, based on the error information. 15. A storage system, comprising:
a plurality of storage nodes having non-volatile solid state storage; and each non-volatile solid-state storage having a controller configured to;
perform error correction of reads of a non-volatile memory;
forwarding error information, based at least in part on the error correction, from a controller in non-volatile solid-state storage; and
characterizing the non-volatile solid state storage by combining the error information at differing time points from the controller for the non-volatile solid state storage. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the characterization of the non-volatile solid state storage indicates at least one change in the non-volatile solid-state storage. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to:
biasing at least one of a read from or a write to the non-volatile solid state storage, responsive to the combining the error information. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to:
tracking wear of a plurality of blocks of the non-volatile solid state storage, based on the error information. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein combining the error information further comprises:
tracking bit errors per page, each page having a plurality of codewords; and forwarding information pertaining to the bit errors from the non-volatile solid state storage to a processor of a storage node of the storage cluster. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to:
reporting incidents of the error correction, wherein the error information is based on the incidents of the error correction. | In some embodiments, a method for die-level monitoring is provided. The method includes distributing user data throughout a plurality of storage nodes through erasure coding, wherein the plurality of storage nodes are housed within a chassis that couples the storage nodes. Each of the storage nodes has a non-volatile solid-state storage with non-volatile memory and the user data is accessible via the erasure coding from a remainder of the storage nodes in event of two of the storage nodes being unreachable. The method includes producing diagnostic information that diagnoses the non-volatile memory on a basis of per package, per die, per plane, per block, or per page, the producing performed by each of the plurality of storage nodes. The method includes writing the diagnostic information to a memory in the storage cluster.1. A method for die-level monitoring in a storage cluster, comprising:
performing error correction of reads of a non-volatile solid state storage; forwarding error information, based at least in part on the error correction, from a controller for the non-volatile solid-state storage; and characterizing the non-volatile solid state storage by combining the error information at differing time points from the controller for the non-volatile solid state storage. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the characterization of the non-volatile solid state storage indicates at least one change in the non-volatile solid-state storage. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
biasing at least one of a read from or a write to the non-volatile solid state storage, responsive to the combining the error information. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
tracking wear of a plurality of blocks of the non-volatile solid state storage, based on the error information. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein combining the error information further comprises:
tracking bit errors per page, each page having a plurality of codewords; and forwarding information pertaining to the bit errors from the non-volatile solid state storage to a processor of a storage node of the storage cluster. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
reporting incidents of the error correction, wherein the error information is based on the incidents of the error correction. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining to which of a plurality of blocks to write a portion of user data, based on the error information. 8. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having executable instructions to cause one or more processing units to perform a method, comprising:
performing error correction of reads of a non-volatile memory; forwarding error information, based at least in part on the error correction, from a controller in non-volatile solid-state storage; and characterizing the non-volatile solid state storage by combining the error information at differing time points from the controller for the non-volatile solid state storage. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the characterization of the non-volatile solid state storage indicates at least one change in the non-volatile solid-state storage. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, further comprising:
biasing at least one of a read from or a write to the non-volatile solid state storage, responsive to the combining the error information. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, further comprising:
tracking wear of a plurality of blocks of the non-volatile solid state storage, based on the error information. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein combining the error information further comprises:
tracking bit errors per page, each page having a plurality of codewords; and forwarding information pertaining to the bit errors from the non-volatile solid state storage to a processor of a storage node of the storage cluster. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, further comprising:
reporting incidents of the error correction, wherein the error information is based on the incidents of the error correction. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, further comprising:
determining to which of a plurality of blocks to write a portion of user data, based on the error information. 15. A storage system, comprising:
a plurality of storage nodes having non-volatile solid state storage; and each non-volatile solid-state storage having a controller configured to;
perform error correction of reads of a non-volatile memory;
forwarding error information, based at least in part on the error correction, from a controller in non-volatile solid-state storage; and
characterizing the non-volatile solid state storage by combining the error information at differing time points from the controller for the non-volatile solid state storage. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the characterization of the non-volatile solid state storage indicates at least one change in the non-volatile solid-state storage. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to:
biasing at least one of a read from or a write to the non-volatile solid state storage, responsive to the combining the error information. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to:
tracking wear of a plurality of blocks of the non-volatile solid state storage, based on the error information. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein combining the error information further comprises:
tracking bit errors per page, each page having a plurality of codewords; and forwarding information pertaining to the bit errors from the non-volatile solid state storage to a processor of a storage node of the storage cluster. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to:
reporting incidents of the error correction, wherein the error information is based on the incidents of the error correction. | 2,800 |
339,746 | 16,800,676 | 2,839 | A xylylenediisocyanate composition including xylylenediisocyanate and a compound represented by Chemical Formula (1) below, wherein 0.6 ppm or more and 60 ppm or less of the compound represented by Chemical Formula (1) below is contained: | 1. A polymerizable composition comprising:
an optical material-use xylylenediisocyanate composition comprising xylylenediisocyanate and a compound represented by Chemical Formula (1) below, wherein 0.6 ppm or more and 60 ppm or less of the compound represented by Chemical Formula (1) below is contained; and an active hydrogen compound: 2-14. (canceled) 15. A method for producing a polymerizable composition by mixing:
an optical material-use xylylenediisocyanate composition comprising xylylenediisocyanate and a compound represented by Chemical Formula (1) below, wherein 0.6 ppm or more and 60 ppm or less of the compound represented by Chemical Formula (1) below is contained; and an active hydrogen compound: 16. A method for producing a plastic lens by copolymerizing the polymerizable composition according to claim 1 after introducing the polymerizable composition into a mold. | A xylylenediisocyanate composition including xylylenediisocyanate and a compound represented by Chemical Formula (1) below, wherein 0.6 ppm or more and 60 ppm or less of the compound represented by Chemical Formula (1) below is contained:1. A polymerizable composition comprising:
an optical material-use xylylenediisocyanate composition comprising xylylenediisocyanate and a compound represented by Chemical Formula (1) below, wherein 0.6 ppm or more and 60 ppm or less of the compound represented by Chemical Formula (1) below is contained; and an active hydrogen compound: 2-14. (canceled) 15. A method for producing a polymerizable composition by mixing:
an optical material-use xylylenediisocyanate composition comprising xylylenediisocyanate and a compound represented by Chemical Formula (1) below, wherein 0.6 ppm or more and 60 ppm or less of the compound represented by Chemical Formula (1) below is contained; and an active hydrogen compound: 16. A method for producing a plastic lens by copolymerizing the polymerizable composition according to claim 1 after introducing the polymerizable composition into a mold. | 2,800 |
339,747 | 16,800,476 | 2,839 | A cooking system including a housing having a hollow interior, a heating element associated with said housing, a support body for supporting the food within said hollow interior such that the food is positionable on a support surface of said support body, and a guard located between at least a portion of the support surface and said heating element. The guard is permissive of convective airflow between said hollow interior and said heating element, and is generally impermeable to projectile matter generated during a cooking operation. | 1. A cooking system comprising:
a housing having a hollow interior; a heating element associated with said housing; a support body for supporting the food within said hollow interior such that the food is positionable on a support surface of said support body; and a guard located between at least a portion of the support surface and said heating element, wherein said guard is permissive of convective airflow between said hollow interior and said heating element, and generally impermeable to projectile matter generated during a cooking operation. 2. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said guard further comprises a body having at plurality of layers including at least a first layer and a second layer, said first layer and said second layer being stacked relative to said convective airflow. 3. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said first layer and said second layer are substantially identical. 4. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said first layer is formed from a first material and said second layer is formed from a second material, distinct from said first material. 5. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said first layer and said second layer are aligned. 6. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said plurality of layers are connected via a frame and at least one of said plurality of layers is removably mounted to said frame. 7. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein at least one of said plurality of layers includes a mesh material formed from a wire defming a plurality of openings, wherein a diameter of said wire is between 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm, and a diameter of each of said plurality of openings is between 0.8 mm and 2.1 mm. 8. The cooking system of claim 7, wherein said wire has a diameter of about 0.45 mm and a diameter of said plurality of openings are between 0.8 mm and 2.1 mm. 9. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said second layer is offset from said first layer. 10. The cooking system of claim 9, wherein said first layer includes a plurality of first openings and said second layer includes a plurality of second openings, said first openings and said second openings in combination form a plurality of overlapped openings, said overlapped openings having a diameter between 4 mm to 2.1 mm. 11. The cooking system of claim 9, wherein said overlapped openings have a diameter between 4 mm to 1.5 mm. 12. The cooking system of claim 9, wherein said overlapped openings have a diameter between 4 mm to 0.75 mm. 13. The cooking system of claim 9, wherein said overlapped openings have a diameter between 75 mm to 1.5 mm. 14. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein a permeability of said guard is manually adjustable. 15. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein a permeability of said guard is automatically adjustable by the cooking system. 16. The cooking system of claim 10, wherein said cooking system further comprises an actuator operably coupled to a portion of said guard and a controller in communication with said movement mechanism. 17. The cooking system of claim 16, further comprising an input for selecting a cooking mode operably coupled to said controller, wherein said permeability of said guard is automatically adjustable in response to said input. 18. The cooking system of claim 16, further comprising a sensor for detecting a parameter within said hollow interior, said sensor being operably coupled to said controller, wherein said permeability of said guard is automatically adjustable in response to said parameter detected by said sensor. 19. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said cooking system further comprises a lid movable relative to said housing and said heating element is disposed within said lid. 20. The cooking system of claim 19, wherein said guard is associated with said lid. 21. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said guard is removably mounted within said cooking system. 22. A cooking system comprising:
a housing having a hollow interior; a first heating element associated with said housing and operable in a first cooking mode; a second heating element associated with said housing and operable in a second cooking mode; a guard configurable with said housing to be permissive of convective airflow between said hollow interior and said heating element during said first cooking mode, and non-permissive of convective airflow between said hollow interior and said heating element during said second cooking mode. 23. The cooking system of claim 22, wherein in said first cooking mode said first heating element is operational and in said second cooking mode said first heating element is non-operations. 24. The cooking system of claim 22, wherein said guard is removably mounted within said cooking system. 25. The cooking system of claim 22, wherein said guard is adjustable between a fully open configuration and a fully closed configuration. 26. The cooking system of claim 22, wherein said cooking system further comprises a lid movable relative to said housing and said first heating element is disposed within said lid. 27. The cooking system of claim 26, wherein said guard is associated with said lid. | A cooking system including a housing having a hollow interior, a heating element associated with said housing, a support body for supporting the food within said hollow interior such that the food is positionable on a support surface of said support body, and a guard located between at least a portion of the support surface and said heating element. The guard is permissive of convective airflow between said hollow interior and said heating element, and is generally impermeable to projectile matter generated during a cooking operation.1. A cooking system comprising:
a housing having a hollow interior; a heating element associated with said housing; a support body for supporting the food within said hollow interior such that the food is positionable on a support surface of said support body; and a guard located between at least a portion of the support surface and said heating element, wherein said guard is permissive of convective airflow between said hollow interior and said heating element, and generally impermeable to projectile matter generated during a cooking operation. 2. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said guard further comprises a body having at plurality of layers including at least a first layer and a second layer, said first layer and said second layer being stacked relative to said convective airflow. 3. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said first layer and said second layer are substantially identical. 4. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said first layer is formed from a first material and said second layer is formed from a second material, distinct from said first material. 5. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said first layer and said second layer are aligned. 6. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said plurality of layers are connected via a frame and at least one of said plurality of layers is removably mounted to said frame. 7. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein at least one of said plurality of layers includes a mesh material formed from a wire defming a plurality of openings, wherein a diameter of said wire is between 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm, and a diameter of each of said plurality of openings is between 0.8 mm and 2.1 mm. 8. The cooking system of claim 7, wherein said wire has a diameter of about 0.45 mm and a diameter of said plurality of openings are between 0.8 mm and 2.1 mm. 9. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said second layer is offset from said first layer. 10. The cooking system of claim 9, wherein said first layer includes a plurality of first openings and said second layer includes a plurality of second openings, said first openings and said second openings in combination form a plurality of overlapped openings, said overlapped openings having a diameter between 4 mm to 2.1 mm. 11. The cooking system of claim 9, wherein said overlapped openings have a diameter between 4 mm to 1.5 mm. 12. The cooking system of claim 9, wherein said overlapped openings have a diameter between 4 mm to 0.75 mm. 13. The cooking system of claim 9, wherein said overlapped openings have a diameter between 75 mm to 1.5 mm. 14. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein a permeability of said guard is manually adjustable. 15. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein a permeability of said guard is automatically adjustable by the cooking system. 16. The cooking system of claim 10, wherein said cooking system further comprises an actuator operably coupled to a portion of said guard and a controller in communication with said movement mechanism. 17. The cooking system of claim 16, further comprising an input for selecting a cooking mode operably coupled to said controller, wherein said permeability of said guard is automatically adjustable in response to said input. 18. The cooking system of claim 16, further comprising a sensor for detecting a parameter within said hollow interior, said sensor being operably coupled to said controller, wherein said permeability of said guard is automatically adjustable in response to said parameter detected by said sensor. 19. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said cooking system further comprises a lid movable relative to said housing and said heating element is disposed within said lid. 20. The cooking system of claim 19, wherein said guard is associated with said lid. 21. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said guard is removably mounted within said cooking system. 22. A cooking system comprising:
a housing having a hollow interior; a first heating element associated with said housing and operable in a first cooking mode; a second heating element associated with said housing and operable in a second cooking mode; a guard configurable with said housing to be permissive of convective airflow between said hollow interior and said heating element during said first cooking mode, and non-permissive of convective airflow between said hollow interior and said heating element during said second cooking mode. 23. The cooking system of claim 22, wherein in said first cooking mode said first heating element is operational and in said second cooking mode said first heating element is non-operations. 24. The cooking system of claim 22, wherein said guard is removably mounted within said cooking system. 25. The cooking system of claim 22, wherein said guard is adjustable between a fully open configuration and a fully closed configuration. 26. The cooking system of claim 22, wherein said cooking system further comprises a lid movable relative to said housing and said first heating element is disposed within said lid. 27. The cooking system of claim 26, wherein said guard is associated with said lid. | 2,800 |
339,748 | 16,800,668 | 2,839 | A supply device that supplies a liquid to a liquid ejecting head, includes one or more tanks that house the liquid; a liquid flow path coupled to the one or more tanks and the liquid ejecting head; and a pressure-adjusting portion that adjusts a pressure in the one or more tanks. The one or more tanks are provided between the pressure-adjusting portion and the liquid flow path. The pressure-adjusting portion includes a communication path that communicates with the one or more tanks, a pressure chamber provided with a diaphragm and coupled to the communication path, and an urging portion that urges the diaphragm in a direction in which the pressure chamber expands. | 1. A supply device that supplies a liquid to a liquid ejecting head, the supply device comprising:
one or more tanks that house the liquid; a liquid flow path coupled to the one or more tanks and the liquid ejecting head; and a pressure-adjusting portion that adjusts a pressure in the one or more tanks, wherein the one or more tanks are provided between the pressure-adjusting portion and the liquid flow path, and the pressure-adjusting portion includes a communication path that communicates with the one or more tanks, a pressure chamber provided with a diaphragm and coupled to the communication path, and an urging portion that urges the diaphragm in a direction in which the pressure chamber expands. 2. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising:
the supply device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid ejecting head ejects the liquid onto a medium to form an image. 3. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a carriage provided with the liquid ejecting head; and a movement mechanism for reciprocating the carriage with respect to the medium, wherein the carriage is provided with the one or more tanks. 4. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the carriage is provided with a plurality of the tanks. 5. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the plurality of the tanks communicate with the pressure-adjusting portion. 6. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the carriage is provided with the pressure-adjusting portion. | A supply device that supplies a liquid to a liquid ejecting head, includes one or more tanks that house the liquid; a liquid flow path coupled to the one or more tanks and the liquid ejecting head; and a pressure-adjusting portion that adjusts a pressure in the one or more tanks. The one or more tanks are provided between the pressure-adjusting portion and the liquid flow path. The pressure-adjusting portion includes a communication path that communicates with the one or more tanks, a pressure chamber provided with a diaphragm and coupled to the communication path, and an urging portion that urges the diaphragm in a direction in which the pressure chamber expands.1. A supply device that supplies a liquid to a liquid ejecting head, the supply device comprising:
one or more tanks that house the liquid; a liquid flow path coupled to the one or more tanks and the liquid ejecting head; and a pressure-adjusting portion that adjusts a pressure in the one or more tanks, wherein the one or more tanks are provided between the pressure-adjusting portion and the liquid flow path, and the pressure-adjusting portion includes a communication path that communicates with the one or more tanks, a pressure chamber provided with a diaphragm and coupled to the communication path, and an urging portion that urges the diaphragm in a direction in which the pressure chamber expands. 2. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising:
the supply device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid ejecting head ejects the liquid onto a medium to form an image. 3. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a carriage provided with the liquid ejecting head; and a movement mechanism for reciprocating the carriage with respect to the medium, wherein the carriage is provided with the one or more tanks. 4. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the carriage is provided with a plurality of the tanks. 5. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the plurality of the tanks communicate with the pressure-adjusting portion. 6. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the carriage is provided with the pressure-adjusting portion. | 2,800 |
339,749 | 16,800,644 | 2,839 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications provide for feedback transmissions using an uplink shared channel. A user equipment (UE) may transmit feedback to a base station using physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources. The base station may transmit an uplink grant to the UE indicating a set of resources for uplink data transmissions. The base station may subsequently transmit a downlink grant for the UE. Based on monitoring resources indicated by the downlink grant, the UE may generate feedback indicating the success of receiving or decoding the PDSCH transmission. The UE may transmit the feedback to the base station on the PUSCH resources. In some cases, the UE may transmit both the feedback for the PDSCH transmission received after the uplink grant and for a second PDSCH transmission received prior to the uplink grant using PUSCH resources. | 1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for the UE; receiving a downlink grant after receiving the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE or a release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; generating a first feedback information based at least in part on the downlink grant; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission including the feedback information based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second downlink grant before receiving the uplink grant, the second downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a second downlink shared channel transmission for the UE or a release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; generating a second feedback information based at least in part on the second downlink grant; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission including the second feedback information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the first feedback information comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgement (ACK) feedback corresponding to the downlink shared channel transmission or the release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; and the second feedback information for the second downlink shared channel transmission comprises HARQ-ACK feedback corresponding to the second downlink shared channel transmission or the release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating a first codebook associated with the first feedback information; and generating a second codebook associated with the second feedback, the second codebook separate from the first codebook. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein performing the uplink shared channel transmission comprises:
mapping a set of feedback bits of the first codebook and the second codebook to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; and mapping information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission around the set of resources. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein mapping the set of feedback bits comprises:
mapping the set of feedback bits of the first codebook to a first subset of resources; and mapping the set of feedback bits of the second codebook to a second subset of resources, wherein the second subset and the first subset are non-overlapping. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
mapping the set of feedback bits of the first codebook to at least one symbol following a set of symbols associated with a demodulation reference signal, the set of feedback bits of the second codebook, and channel state information feedback. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
mapping the set of feedback bits of the first codebook to at least one symbol following a set of symbols associated with a corresponding uplink control channel. 9. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
mapping a set of feedback bits of the second codebook to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; mapping information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission around the set of resources; puncturing a subset of the mapped information bits; and mapping a set of feedback bits of the first codebook to resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the mapped information bits. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
puncturing a subset of the mapped set of feedback bits of the second codebook; and mapping a second set of feedback bits of the first codebook to the punctured subset of the mapped set of feedback bits of the second codebook. 11. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
identifying a semi-static codebook configuration associated with a semi-static hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgement (ACK) feedback codebook; and generating the uplink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the semi-static codebook configuration, wherein the generating comprises including the feedback information in corresponding locations of the semi-static HARQ-ACK codebook. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a channel state information report; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission including the channel state information report. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
mapping the channel state information report to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; rate matching information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission around the set of resources; puncturing a subset of the rate matched information bits; and mapping a set of feedback bits of a first codebook associated with the downlink shared channel to resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the rate matched information bits. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
puncturing a subset of the channel state information report; and mapping a second set of feedback bits of the first codebook resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the channel state information report. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
mapping information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; puncturing a subset of the mapped information bits; and mapping a set of feedback bits corresponding to the feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission to at least a portion of resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the mapped information bits. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a transmission power control command for adjusting a transmission power of the uplink shared channel transmission; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the transmission power control command. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein identifying the transmission power control command comprises:
receiving an indication of the transmission power control command in the downlink grant, the transmission power control command indicating an adjustment of the transmission power of the uplink shared channel transmission with respect to a previous transmission power control command. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the previous transmission power control command is indicated by the uplink grant. 19. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
including the feedback information in the uplink shared channel transmission based at least in part on at least one of a feedback codebook size, a feedback codebook type, an uplink shared channel transmission duration, a modulation coding scheme, a timeline, a UE capability, or any combination thereof. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the feedback information is included in the uplink shared channel transmission if the codebook for the feedback information contains one or two information bits. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the timeline is associated with a processing time for preparing the feedback information or a threshold number of symbols. 22. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
transmitting a report of the UE capability to a base station, the UE capability comprising an indication of the feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission or a processing time associated with the UE. 23. A method for wireless communications at a base station, comprising:
transmitting an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for a user equipment (UE); transmitting a downlink grant after transmitting the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE or a release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; and monitoring for the uplink shared channel transmission from the UE based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission, the uplink shared channel transmission comprising feedback information based at least in part on the downlink grant. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
transmitting a second downlink grant before transmitting the uplink grant, the second downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a second downlink shared channel transmission for the UE; transmitting the second downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the scheduling information for the second downlink shared channel transmission; and receiving the uplink shared channel transmission from the UE based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission, the uplink shared channel transmission comprising feedback information for the second downlink shared channel transmission. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the feedback information for the downlink shared channel comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgement (ACK) feedback corresponding to the downlink shared channel or the release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; and the feedback information for the second downlink shared channel comprises HARQ-ACK feedback corresponding to the second downlink shared channel. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
determining feedback information for at least one of the first and second downlink shared channel transmissions, wherein the uplink shared channel transmission comprises a first codebook associated with feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission and a second codebook associated with feedback information for the second downlink shared channel transmission separate from the first codebook. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the uplink shared channel transmission comprises a set of feedback bits of the first codebook and the second codebook mapped to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission and a set of information bits mapped around the set of resources. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein a subset of feedback bits of the first codebook is mapped to a first subset of resources non-overlapping with a second subset of resources associated with a mapped subset of feedback bits of the second codebook. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for the UE;
receive a downlink grant after receiving the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE;
monitor for the downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the scheduling information for the downlink shared channel transmission;
generate feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the monitoring; and
perform the uplink shared channel transmission including the feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission. 30. An apparatus for wireless communications at a base station, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for a user equipment (UE);
transmit a downlink grant after transmitting the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE; and
monitor for the uplink shared channel transmission from the UE based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission, the uplink shared channel transmission comprising feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications provide for feedback transmissions using an uplink shared channel. A user equipment (UE) may transmit feedback to a base station using physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources. The base station may transmit an uplink grant to the UE indicating a set of resources for uplink data transmissions. The base station may subsequently transmit a downlink grant for the UE. Based on monitoring resources indicated by the downlink grant, the UE may generate feedback indicating the success of receiving or decoding the PDSCH transmission. The UE may transmit the feedback to the base station on the PUSCH resources. In some cases, the UE may transmit both the feedback for the PDSCH transmission received after the uplink grant and for a second PDSCH transmission received prior to the uplink grant using PUSCH resources.1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for the UE; receiving a downlink grant after receiving the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE or a release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; generating a first feedback information based at least in part on the downlink grant; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission including the feedback information based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second downlink grant before receiving the uplink grant, the second downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a second downlink shared channel transmission for the UE or a release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; generating a second feedback information based at least in part on the second downlink grant; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission including the second feedback information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the first feedback information comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgement (ACK) feedback corresponding to the downlink shared channel transmission or the release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; and the second feedback information for the second downlink shared channel transmission comprises HARQ-ACK feedback corresponding to the second downlink shared channel transmission or the release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating a first codebook associated with the first feedback information; and generating a second codebook associated with the second feedback, the second codebook separate from the first codebook. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein performing the uplink shared channel transmission comprises:
mapping a set of feedback bits of the first codebook and the second codebook to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; and mapping information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission around the set of resources. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein mapping the set of feedback bits comprises:
mapping the set of feedback bits of the first codebook to a first subset of resources; and mapping the set of feedback bits of the second codebook to a second subset of resources, wherein the second subset and the first subset are non-overlapping. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
mapping the set of feedback bits of the first codebook to at least one symbol following a set of symbols associated with a demodulation reference signal, the set of feedback bits of the second codebook, and channel state information feedback. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
mapping the set of feedback bits of the first codebook to at least one symbol following a set of symbols associated with a corresponding uplink control channel. 9. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
mapping a set of feedback bits of the second codebook to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; mapping information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission around the set of resources; puncturing a subset of the mapped information bits; and mapping a set of feedback bits of the first codebook to resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the mapped information bits. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
puncturing a subset of the mapped set of feedback bits of the second codebook; and mapping a second set of feedback bits of the first codebook to the punctured subset of the mapped set of feedback bits of the second codebook. 11. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
identifying a semi-static codebook configuration associated with a semi-static hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgement (ACK) feedback codebook; and generating the uplink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the semi-static codebook configuration, wherein the generating comprises including the feedback information in corresponding locations of the semi-static HARQ-ACK codebook. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a channel state information report; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission including the channel state information report. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
mapping the channel state information report to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; rate matching information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission around the set of resources; puncturing a subset of the rate matched information bits; and mapping a set of feedback bits of a first codebook associated with the downlink shared channel to resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the rate matched information bits. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
puncturing a subset of the channel state information report; and mapping a second set of feedback bits of the first codebook resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the channel state information report. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
mapping information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; puncturing a subset of the mapped information bits; and mapping a set of feedback bits corresponding to the feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission to at least a portion of resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the mapped information bits. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a transmission power control command for adjusting a transmission power of the uplink shared channel transmission; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the transmission power control command. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein identifying the transmission power control command comprises:
receiving an indication of the transmission power control command in the downlink grant, the transmission power control command indicating an adjustment of the transmission power of the uplink shared channel transmission with respect to a previous transmission power control command. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the previous transmission power control command is indicated by the uplink grant. 19. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
including the feedback information in the uplink shared channel transmission based at least in part on at least one of a feedback codebook size, a feedback codebook type, an uplink shared channel transmission duration, a modulation coding scheme, a timeline, a UE capability, or any combination thereof. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the feedback information is included in the uplink shared channel transmission if the codebook for the feedback information contains one or two information bits. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the timeline is associated with a processing time for preparing the feedback information or a threshold number of symbols. 22. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
transmitting a report of the UE capability to a base station, the UE capability comprising an indication of the feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission or a processing time associated with the UE. 23. A method for wireless communications at a base station, comprising:
transmitting an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for a user equipment (UE); transmitting a downlink grant after transmitting the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE or a release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; and monitoring for the uplink shared channel transmission from the UE based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission, the uplink shared channel transmission comprising feedback information based at least in part on the downlink grant. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
transmitting a second downlink grant before transmitting the uplink grant, the second downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a second downlink shared channel transmission for the UE; transmitting the second downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the scheduling information for the second downlink shared channel transmission; and receiving the uplink shared channel transmission from the UE based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission, the uplink shared channel transmission comprising feedback information for the second downlink shared channel transmission. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the feedback information for the downlink shared channel comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgement (ACK) feedback corresponding to the downlink shared channel or the release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; and the feedback information for the second downlink shared channel comprises HARQ-ACK feedback corresponding to the second downlink shared channel. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
determining feedback information for at least one of the first and second downlink shared channel transmissions, wherein the uplink shared channel transmission comprises a first codebook associated with feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission and a second codebook associated with feedback information for the second downlink shared channel transmission separate from the first codebook. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the uplink shared channel transmission comprises a set of feedback bits of the first codebook and the second codebook mapped to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission and a set of information bits mapped around the set of resources. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein a subset of feedback bits of the first codebook is mapped to a first subset of resources non-overlapping with a second subset of resources associated with a mapped subset of feedback bits of the second codebook. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for the UE;
receive a downlink grant after receiving the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE;
monitor for the downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the scheduling information for the downlink shared channel transmission;
generate feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the monitoring; and
perform the uplink shared channel transmission including the feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission. 30. An apparatus for wireless communications at a base station, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for a user equipment (UE);
transmit a downlink grant after transmitting the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE; and
monitor for the uplink shared channel transmission from the UE based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission, the uplink shared channel transmission comprising feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission. | 2,800 |
339,750 | 16,800,677 | 2,839 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications provide for feedback transmissions using an uplink shared channel. A user equipment (UE) may transmit feedback to a base station using physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources. The base station may transmit an uplink grant to the UE indicating a set of resources for uplink data transmissions. The base station may subsequently transmit a downlink grant for the UE. Based on monitoring resources indicated by the downlink grant, the UE may generate feedback indicating the success of receiving or decoding the PDSCH transmission. The UE may transmit the feedback to the base station on the PUSCH resources. In some cases, the UE may transmit both the feedback for the PDSCH transmission received after the uplink grant and for a second PDSCH transmission received prior to the uplink grant using PUSCH resources. | 1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for the UE; receiving a downlink grant after receiving the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE or a release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; generating a first feedback information based at least in part on the downlink grant; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission including the feedback information based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second downlink grant before receiving the uplink grant, the second downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a second downlink shared channel transmission for the UE or a release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; generating a second feedback information based at least in part on the second downlink grant; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission including the second feedback information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the first feedback information comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgement (ACK) feedback corresponding to the downlink shared channel transmission or the release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; and the second feedback information for the second downlink shared channel transmission comprises HARQ-ACK feedback corresponding to the second downlink shared channel transmission or the release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating a first codebook associated with the first feedback information; and generating a second codebook associated with the second feedback, the second codebook separate from the first codebook. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein performing the uplink shared channel transmission comprises:
mapping a set of feedback bits of the first codebook and the second codebook to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; and mapping information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission around the set of resources. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein mapping the set of feedback bits comprises:
mapping the set of feedback bits of the first codebook to a first subset of resources; and mapping the set of feedback bits of the second codebook to a second subset of resources, wherein the second subset and the first subset are non-overlapping. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
mapping the set of feedback bits of the first codebook to at least one symbol following a set of symbols associated with a demodulation reference signal, the set of feedback bits of the second codebook, and channel state information feedback. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
mapping the set of feedback bits of the first codebook to at least one symbol following a set of symbols associated with a corresponding uplink control channel. 9. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
mapping a set of feedback bits of the second codebook to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; mapping information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission around the set of resources; puncturing a subset of the mapped information bits; and mapping a set of feedback bits of the first codebook to resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the mapped information bits. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
puncturing a subset of the mapped set of feedback bits of the second codebook; and mapping a second set of feedback bits of the first codebook to the punctured subset of the mapped set of feedback bits of the second codebook. 11. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
identifying a semi-static codebook configuration associated with a semi-static hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgement (ACK) feedback codebook; and generating the uplink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the semi-static codebook configuration, wherein the generating comprises including the feedback information in corresponding locations of the semi-static HARQ-ACK codebook. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a channel state information report; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission including the channel state information report. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
mapping the channel state information report to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; rate matching information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission around the set of resources; puncturing a subset of the rate matched information bits; and mapping a set of feedback bits of a first codebook associated with the downlink shared channel to resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the rate matched information bits. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
puncturing a subset of the channel state information report; and mapping a second set of feedback bits of the first codebook resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the channel state information report. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
mapping information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; puncturing a subset of the mapped information bits; and mapping a set of feedback bits corresponding to the feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission to at least a portion of resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the mapped information bits. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a transmission power control command for adjusting a transmission power of the uplink shared channel transmission; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the transmission power control command. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein identifying the transmission power control command comprises:
receiving an indication of the transmission power control command in the downlink grant, the transmission power control command indicating an adjustment of the transmission power of the uplink shared channel transmission with respect to a previous transmission power control command. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the previous transmission power control command is indicated by the uplink grant. 19. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
including the feedback information in the uplink shared channel transmission based at least in part on at least one of a feedback codebook size, a feedback codebook type, an uplink shared channel transmission duration, a modulation coding scheme, a timeline, a UE capability, or any combination thereof. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the feedback information is included in the uplink shared channel transmission if the codebook for the feedback information contains one or two information bits. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the timeline is associated with a processing time for preparing the feedback information or a threshold number of symbols. 22. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
transmitting a report of the UE capability to a base station, the UE capability comprising an indication of the feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission or a processing time associated with the UE. 23. A method for wireless communications at a base station, comprising:
transmitting an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for a user equipment (UE); transmitting a downlink grant after transmitting the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE or a release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; and monitoring for the uplink shared channel transmission from the UE based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission, the uplink shared channel transmission comprising feedback information based at least in part on the downlink grant. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
transmitting a second downlink grant before transmitting the uplink grant, the second downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a second downlink shared channel transmission for the UE; transmitting the second downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the scheduling information for the second downlink shared channel transmission; and receiving the uplink shared channel transmission from the UE based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission, the uplink shared channel transmission comprising feedback information for the second downlink shared channel transmission. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the feedback information for the downlink shared channel comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgement (ACK) feedback corresponding to the downlink shared channel or the release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; and the feedback information for the second downlink shared channel comprises HARQ-ACK feedback corresponding to the second downlink shared channel. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
determining feedback information for at least one of the first and second downlink shared channel transmissions, wherein the uplink shared channel transmission comprises a first codebook associated with feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission and a second codebook associated with feedback information for the second downlink shared channel transmission separate from the first codebook. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the uplink shared channel transmission comprises a set of feedback bits of the first codebook and the second codebook mapped to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission and a set of information bits mapped around the set of resources. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein a subset of feedback bits of the first codebook is mapped to a first subset of resources non-overlapping with a second subset of resources associated with a mapped subset of feedback bits of the second codebook. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for the UE;
receive a downlink grant after receiving the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE;
monitor for the downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the scheduling information for the downlink shared channel transmission;
generate feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the monitoring; and
perform the uplink shared channel transmission including the feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission. 30. An apparatus for wireless communications at a base station, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for a user equipment (UE);
transmit a downlink grant after transmitting the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE; and
monitor for the uplink shared channel transmission from the UE based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission, the uplink shared channel transmission comprising feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications provide for feedback transmissions using an uplink shared channel. A user equipment (UE) may transmit feedback to a base station using physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources. The base station may transmit an uplink grant to the UE indicating a set of resources for uplink data transmissions. The base station may subsequently transmit a downlink grant for the UE. Based on monitoring resources indicated by the downlink grant, the UE may generate feedback indicating the success of receiving or decoding the PDSCH transmission. The UE may transmit the feedback to the base station on the PUSCH resources. In some cases, the UE may transmit both the feedback for the PDSCH transmission received after the uplink grant and for a second PDSCH transmission received prior to the uplink grant using PUSCH resources.1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for the UE; receiving a downlink grant after receiving the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE or a release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; generating a first feedback information based at least in part on the downlink grant; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission including the feedback information based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second downlink grant before receiving the uplink grant, the second downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a second downlink shared channel transmission for the UE or a release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; generating a second feedback information based at least in part on the second downlink grant; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission including the second feedback information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the first feedback information comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgement (ACK) feedback corresponding to the downlink shared channel transmission or the release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; and the second feedback information for the second downlink shared channel transmission comprises HARQ-ACK feedback corresponding to the second downlink shared channel transmission or the release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
generating a first codebook associated with the first feedback information; and generating a second codebook associated with the second feedback, the second codebook separate from the first codebook. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein performing the uplink shared channel transmission comprises:
mapping a set of feedback bits of the first codebook and the second codebook to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; and mapping information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission around the set of resources. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein mapping the set of feedback bits comprises:
mapping the set of feedback bits of the first codebook to a first subset of resources; and mapping the set of feedback bits of the second codebook to a second subset of resources, wherein the second subset and the first subset are non-overlapping. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
mapping the set of feedback bits of the first codebook to at least one symbol following a set of symbols associated with a demodulation reference signal, the set of feedback bits of the second codebook, and channel state information feedback. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
mapping the set of feedback bits of the first codebook to at least one symbol following a set of symbols associated with a corresponding uplink control channel. 9. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
mapping a set of feedback bits of the second codebook to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; mapping information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission around the set of resources; puncturing a subset of the mapped information bits; and mapping a set of feedback bits of the first codebook to resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the mapped information bits. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
puncturing a subset of the mapped set of feedback bits of the second codebook; and mapping a second set of feedback bits of the first codebook to the punctured subset of the mapped set of feedback bits of the second codebook. 11. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
identifying a semi-static codebook configuration associated with a semi-static hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgement (ACK) feedback codebook; and generating the uplink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the semi-static codebook configuration, wherein the generating comprises including the feedback information in corresponding locations of the semi-static HARQ-ACK codebook. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a channel state information report; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission including the channel state information report. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
mapping the channel state information report to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; rate matching information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission around the set of resources; puncturing a subset of the rate matched information bits; and mapping a set of feedback bits of a first codebook associated with the downlink shared channel to resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the rate matched information bits. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
puncturing a subset of the channel state information report; and mapping a second set of feedback bits of the first codebook resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the channel state information report. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
mapping information bits of the uplink shared channel transmission to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission; puncturing a subset of the mapped information bits; and mapping a set of feedback bits corresponding to the feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission to at least a portion of resources corresponding to the punctured subset of the mapped information bits. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a transmission power control command for adjusting a transmission power of the uplink shared channel transmission; and performing the uplink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the transmission power control command. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein identifying the transmission power control command comprises:
receiving an indication of the transmission power control command in the downlink grant, the transmission power control command indicating an adjustment of the transmission power of the uplink shared channel transmission with respect to a previous transmission power control command. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the previous transmission power control command is indicated by the uplink grant. 19. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
including the feedback information in the uplink shared channel transmission based at least in part on at least one of a feedback codebook size, a feedback codebook type, an uplink shared channel transmission duration, a modulation coding scheme, a timeline, a UE capability, or any combination thereof. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the feedback information is included in the uplink shared channel transmission if the codebook for the feedback information contains one or two information bits. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the timeline is associated with a processing time for preparing the feedback information or a threshold number of symbols. 22. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
transmitting a report of the UE capability to a base station, the UE capability comprising an indication of the feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission or a processing time associated with the UE. 23. A method for wireless communications at a base station, comprising:
transmitting an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for a user equipment (UE); transmitting a downlink grant after transmitting the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE or a release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; and monitoring for the uplink shared channel transmission from the UE based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission, the uplink shared channel transmission comprising feedback information based at least in part on the downlink grant. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
transmitting a second downlink grant before transmitting the uplink grant, the second downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a second downlink shared channel transmission for the UE; transmitting the second downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the scheduling information for the second downlink shared channel transmission; and receiving the uplink shared channel transmission from the UE based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission, the uplink shared channel transmission comprising feedback information for the second downlink shared channel transmission. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the feedback information for the downlink shared channel comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgement (ACK) feedback corresponding to the downlink shared channel or the release of periodically scheduled resources for the UE; and the feedback information for the second downlink shared channel comprises HARQ-ACK feedback corresponding to the second downlink shared channel. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
determining feedback information for at least one of the first and second downlink shared channel transmissions, wherein the uplink shared channel transmission comprises a first codebook associated with feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission and a second codebook associated with feedback information for the second downlink shared channel transmission separate from the first codebook. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the uplink shared channel transmission comprises a set of feedback bits of the first codebook and the second codebook mapped to a set of resources identified by the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission and a set of information bits mapped around the set of resources. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein a subset of feedback bits of the first codebook is mapped to a first subset of resources non-overlapping with a second subset of resources associated with a mapped subset of feedback bits of the second codebook. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for the UE;
receive a downlink grant after receiving the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE;
monitor for the downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the scheduling information for the downlink shared channel transmission;
generate feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the monitoring; and
perform the uplink shared channel transmission including the feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission. 30. An apparatus for wireless communications at a base station, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit an uplink grant that indicates scheduling information for an uplink shared channel transmission for a user equipment (UE);
transmit a downlink grant after transmitting the uplink grant, the downlink grant indicating scheduling information for a downlink shared channel transmission for the UE; and
monitor for the uplink shared channel transmission from the UE based at least in part on the scheduling information for the uplink shared channel transmission, the uplink shared channel transmission comprising feedback information for the downlink shared channel transmission. | 2,800 |
339,751 | 16,800,740 | 1,761 | Disclosed herein are compositions for neutralizing the effects of self-defense sprays, and methods of using the same. In one embodiment, a composition comprises one or more anionic surfactants, an amphoteric surfactant, a viscosity agent, and an aqueous carrier. | 1. A composition to remove irritants from a body surface when applied thereto, the composition comprising:
one or more anionic surfactants from about 0.25% w/v to about 2.5% w/v; an amphoteric surfactant from about 2.0% w/v to about 4.0% w/v; a viscosity agent from about 0.5% w/v to about 1.5% w/v; an additional surfactant from about 0.01% w/v to about 0.2% w/v; and an aqueous carrier, wherein concentrations are calculated with respect to a total volume of the composition. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more anionic surfactants are present from about 0.75% w/v to about 2.0% w/v. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more anionic surfactants comprise sodium laureth sulfate, and wherein the sodium laureth sulfate is present from about 0.25% w/v to about 1.5% w/v. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more anionic surfactants further comprise one or more of sodium laureth-8 sulfate, magnesium laureth sulfate, magnesium laureth-8 sulfate, sodium oleth sulfate, or magnesium oleth sulfate. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the additional surfactant comprises oleth-20. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more of a buffering agent, an anti-microbial agent, an anti-fungal agent, a preservative, a moisturizing agent, or a chelation agent. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is incorporated into a liquid, a gel, a paste, a cream, an emulsion, or a lotion. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is incorporated into an absorbent matrix selected from a group consisting of a wipe, a tissue, a sponge, a towel, and a medical gauze. 9. A composition for neutralizing or reducing effects of an irritant on a body surface when applied thereto, the composition comprising effective amounts of:
sodium laureth sulfate; disodium cocoamphodiacetate; hexylene glycol; and an aqueous carrier. 10. The composition of claim 9, further comprising one or more of one or more of sodium laureth-8 sulfate, magnesium laureth sulfate, magnesium laureth-8 sulfate, sodium oleth sulfate, or magnesium oleth sulfate. 11. The composition of claim 9, further comprising oleth-20. 12. The composition of claim 9, further comprising dipotassium phosphate. 13. The composition of claim 9, further comprising allantoin. 14. The composition of claim 9, further comprising disodium EDTA. 15. The composition of claim 9, further comprising one or more of imidazolidinyl urea, methylparaben, or sodium benzoate. 16. The composition of claim 9, wherein the sodium laureth sulfate is present from about 0.25% w/v to about 1.5% w/v, calculated with respect to a total volume of the composition. 17. A method of treating a body surface that has been exposed to oleoresin capsicum, comprising applying to the body surface an effective amount of an aqueous composition comprising an anionic surfactant mixture, the anionic surfactant mixture comprising sodium laureth sulfate. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the anionic surfactant mixture further comprises one or more of sodium laureth-8 sulfate, magnesium laureth sulfate, magnesium laureth-8 sulfate, sodium oleth sulfate, or magnesium oleth sulfate. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the aqueous composition is incorporated into a liquid, a gel, a paste, a cream, an emulsion, or a lotion. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the aqueous composition is incorporated into an absorbent matrix selected from a group consisting of a wipe, a tissue, a sponge, a towel, and a medical gauze. | Disclosed herein are compositions for neutralizing the effects of self-defense sprays, and methods of using the same. In one embodiment, a composition comprises one or more anionic surfactants, an amphoteric surfactant, a viscosity agent, and an aqueous carrier.1. A composition to remove irritants from a body surface when applied thereto, the composition comprising:
one or more anionic surfactants from about 0.25% w/v to about 2.5% w/v; an amphoteric surfactant from about 2.0% w/v to about 4.0% w/v; a viscosity agent from about 0.5% w/v to about 1.5% w/v; an additional surfactant from about 0.01% w/v to about 0.2% w/v; and an aqueous carrier, wherein concentrations are calculated with respect to a total volume of the composition. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more anionic surfactants are present from about 0.75% w/v to about 2.0% w/v. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more anionic surfactants comprise sodium laureth sulfate, and wherein the sodium laureth sulfate is present from about 0.25% w/v to about 1.5% w/v. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more anionic surfactants further comprise one or more of sodium laureth-8 sulfate, magnesium laureth sulfate, magnesium laureth-8 sulfate, sodium oleth sulfate, or magnesium oleth sulfate. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the additional surfactant comprises oleth-20. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more of a buffering agent, an anti-microbial agent, an anti-fungal agent, a preservative, a moisturizing agent, or a chelation agent. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is incorporated into a liquid, a gel, a paste, a cream, an emulsion, or a lotion. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is incorporated into an absorbent matrix selected from a group consisting of a wipe, a tissue, a sponge, a towel, and a medical gauze. 9. A composition for neutralizing or reducing effects of an irritant on a body surface when applied thereto, the composition comprising effective amounts of:
sodium laureth sulfate; disodium cocoamphodiacetate; hexylene glycol; and an aqueous carrier. 10. The composition of claim 9, further comprising one or more of one or more of sodium laureth-8 sulfate, magnesium laureth sulfate, magnesium laureth-8 sulfate, sodium oleth sulfate, or magnesium oleth sulfate. 11. The composition of claim 9, further comprising oleth-20. 12. The composition of claim 9, further comprising dipotassium phosphate. 13. The composition of claim 9, further comprising allantoin. 14. The composition of claim 9, further comprising disodium EDTA. 15. The composition of claim 9, further comprising one or more of imidazolidinyl urea, methylparaben, or sodium benzoate. 16. The composition of claim 9, wherein the sodium laureth sulfate is present from about 0.25% w/v to about 1.5% w/v, calculated with respect to a total volume of the composition. 17. A method of treating a body surface that has been exposed to oleoresin capsicum, comprising applying to the body surface an effective amount of an aqueous composition comprising an anionic surfactant mixture, the anionic surfactant mixture comprising sodium laureth sulfate. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the anionic surfactant mixture further comprises one or more of sodium laureth-8 sulfate, magnesium laureth sulfate, magnesium laureth-8 sulfate, sodium oleth sulfate, or magnesium oleth sulfate. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the aqueous composition is incorporated into a liquid, a gel, a paste, a cream, an emulsion, or a lotion. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the aqueous composition is incorporated into an absorbent matrix selected from a group consisting of a wipe, a tissue, a sponge, a towel, and a medical gauze. | 1,700 |
339,752 | 16,800,713 | 1,761 | An apparatus and a method for controlling vehicle driving are provided. The apparatus includes a sensor that detects a first steering angle and a lane of a first vehicle and senses a second vehicle traveling in an opposite lane. A communication device receives a second steering angle of the second vehicle and a controller determines whether the first steering angle and the second steering angle are changed. The controller determines which of the vehicles enters a curved road based on a determination result and operates the vehicle which does not enter the curved road to decelerate. | 1. An apparatus for controlling vehicle driving, comprising:
a sensor configured to detect a first steering angle and a lane of a first vehicle and sense a second vehicle traveling in an opposite lane; a communication device configured to receive a second steering angle of the second vehicle; and a controller configured to determine whether the first steering angle and the second steering angle are changed, determine which of the first vehicle and the second vehicle enters a curved road based on a determination result, and decelerate the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved road. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine the first vehicle as entering the curved road in response to determining that the first steering angle is changed and the second steering angle remains unchanged. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine the second vehicle as entering the curved road in response to determining that the second steering angle is changed and the first steering angle remains unchanged. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to calculate a distance from the second vehicle to the first vehicle and operate an emergency light to blink and the vehicle to decelerate in response to determining whether the first steering angle or the second steering angle is changed. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to stop the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined not to enter the curved road until the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to enter the curved road passes after decelerating the first vehicle or second vehicle determined not to enter the curved road. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether a third vehicle is present in the opposite lane after the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to enter the curved road passes the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved road. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to stop a freight vehicle to stop when the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved road is the freight vehicle and the third vehicle is a passenger vehicle. 8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to stop a freight vehicle when the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved road is a passenger vehicle and the third vehicle is the freight vehicle. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to release the stop of the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved path in response to determining that no subsequent driving vehicles are present in the opposite lane. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the communication device is configured to receive the second steering angle of the second vehicle by performing vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication. 11. A method of controlling vehicle driving, comprising:
detecting, by a controller, a first steering angle and a lane of a first vehicle, and sensing a second vehicle traveling in an opposite lane to the first vehicle; receiving, by the controller, a second steering angle of the second vehicle; determining, by the controller, whether the first steering angle and the second steering angle are changed and determining which of the first vehicle and the second vehicle which enters a curved road based on a determination result; and decelerating, by the controller, the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved mad. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining of which of the first vehicle and the second vehicle enters the curved mad includes:
determining, by the controller, the first vehicle as entering the curved road in response to determining that the first steering angle is changed and the second steering angle remains unchanged. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the determining of which of the first vehicle and the second vehicle enters the curved mad includes:
determining, by the controller, the second vehicle as entering the curved road in response to determining that the second steering angle is changed and the first steering angle remains unchanged. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
after determining which of the first vehicle and the second vehicle enters the curved road, calculating, by the controller, a distance from the second vehicle; operating, by the controller, an emergency light of the first vehicle to blink; and decelerating, by the controller, the first vehicle. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
after decelerating the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined not to enter the curved mad, stopping, by the controller, the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined not to enter the curved road until the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to enter the curved mad passes. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining, by the controller, whether a subsequent driving vehicle is present in the opposite lane after the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to enter the curved road passes the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined not to enter the curved road. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
stopping, by the controller, a freight vehicle when the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved road is the freight vehicle and the subsequent driving vehicle is a passenger vehicle after determining whether the subsequent driving vehicle is present in the opposite lane. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
stopping, by the controller, a freight vehicle when the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved road is a passenger vehicle and the subsequent driving vehicle is the freight vehicle after determining whether the subsequent driving vehicle is present in the opposite lane. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
releasing, by the controller, the stop of the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved path in response to determining that any subsequent driving vehicles is not present in the opposite lane. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the receiving of the second steering angle of the another vehicle includes:
receiving, by the controller, the second steering angle of the second vehicle by performing vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication. | An apparatus and a method for controlling vehicle driving are provided. The apparatus includes a sensor that detects a first steering angle and a lane of a first vehicle and senses a second vehicle traveling in an opposite lane. A communication device receives a second steering angle of the second vehicle and a controller determines whether the first steering angle and the second steering angle are changed. The controller determines which of the vehicles enters a curved road based on a determination result and operates the vehicle which does not enter the curved road to decelerate.1. An apparatus for controlling vehicle driving, comprising:
a sensor configured to detect a first steering angle and a lane of a first vehicle and sense a second vehicle traveling in an opposite lane; a communication device configured to receive a second steering angle of the second vehicle; and a controller configured to determine whether the first steering angle and the second steering angle are changed, determine which of the first vehicle and the second vehicle enters a curved road based on a determination result, and decelerate the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved road. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine the first vehicle as entering the curved road in response to determining that the first steering angle is changed and the second steering angle remains unchanged. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine the second vehicle as entering the curved road in response to determining that the second steering angle is changed and the first steering angle remains unchanged. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to calculate a distance from the second vehicle to the first vehicle and operate an emergency light to blink and the vehicle to decelerate in response to determining whether the first steering angle or the second steering angle is changed. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to stop the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined not to enter the curved road until the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to enter the curved road passes after decelerating the first vehicle or second vehicle determined not to enter the curved road. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to determine whether a third vehicle is present in the opposite lane after the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to enter the curved road passes the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved road. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to stop a freight vehicle to stop when the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved road is the freight vehicle and the third vehicle is a passenger vehicle. 8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to stop a freight vehicle when the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved road is a passenger vehicle and the third vehicle is the freight vehicle. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to release the stop of the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved path in response to determining that no subsequent driving vehicles are present in the opposite lane. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the communication device is configured to receive the second steering angle of the second vehicle by performing vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication. 11. A method of controlling vehicle driving, comprising:
detecting, by a controller, a first steering angle and a lane of a first vehicle, and sensing a second vehicle traveling in an opposite lane to the first vehicle; receiving, by the controller, a second steering angle of the second vehicle; determining, by the controller, whether the first steering angle and the second steering angle are changed and determining which of the first vehicle and the second vehicle which enters a curved road based on a determination result; and decelerating, by the controller, the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved mad. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining of which of the first vehicle and the second vehicle enters the curved mad includes:
determining, by the controller, the first vehicle as entering the curved road in response to determining that the first steering angle is changed and the second steering angle remains unchanged. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the determining of which of the first vehicle and the second vehicle enters the curved mad includes:
determining, by the controller, the second vehicle as entering the curved road in response to determining that the second steering angle is changed and the first steering angle remains unchanged. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
after determining which of the first vehicle and the second vehicle enters the curved road, calculating, by the controller, a distance from the second vehicle; operating, by the controller, an emergency light of the first vehicle to blink; and decelerating, by the controller, the first vehicle. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
after decelerating the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined not to enter the curved mad, stopping, by the controller, the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined not to enter the curved road until the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to enter the curved mad passes. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining, by the controller, whether a subsequent driving vehicle is present in the opposite lane after the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to enter the curved road passes the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined not to enter the curved road. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
stopping, by the controller, a freight vehicle when the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved road is the freight vehicle and the subsequent driving vehicle is a passenger vehicle after determining whether the subsequent driving vehicle is present in the opposite lane. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
stopping, by the controller, a freight vehicle when the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved road is a passenger vehicle and the subsequent driving vehicle is the freight vehicle after determining whether the subsequent driving vehicle is present in the opposite lane. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
releasing, by the controller, the stop of the first vehicle or the second vehicle determined to not enter the curved path in response to determining that any subsequent driving vehicles is not present in the opposite lane. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the receiving of the second steering angle of the another vehicle includes:
receiving, by the controller, the second steering angle of the second vehicle by performing vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication. | 1,700 |
339,753 | 16,800,729 | 3,695 | A payment managing method includes: a process in which, when a transaction with a marketing site is performed by operating a terminal machine, bill information including a payment amount due to the transaction with the marketing site is informed to the terminal machine; a process in which the terminal machine having received the notification displays an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the payout amount to function as a deposition of the payment amount between the financial institution system and the payment manager; and a process in which a payment manager notifies the completion of deposition of the marketing site when a settlement by deposition of the payment amount is executed as a result of the approval at the terminal machine. | 1. A payment managing method in which a settlement in a financial institution system as a result of a transaction with a marketing site is executed via a payment manager, the method comprising the steps of:
when a transaction with the marketing site is performed by operating a terminal machine, sending bill information including a payment amount associated with the transaction from the marketing site to the terminal machine; displaying, by the terminal machine having received the information, an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the payment amount to function as a deposition of the payment amount between the financial institution system and the payment manager; and notifying, by the payment manager, the marketing site of the completion of the deposition when the transaction by the deposition of the payment amount is performed by the approval at the terminal machine. 2. A payment managing method in which a settlement in a financial institution system as a result of a transaction with a marketing site is executed via a payment manager, the method comprising the steps of:
when a transaction with the marketing site is performed by operating a terminal machine, setting, by the payment manager, a transfer account of the marketing site for the terminal machine or the transaction, and sending bill information including a payment amount associated with the transaction to the terminal machine; displaying, by the terminal machine having received the information, an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the payment amount to function as a deposition of the payment amount from the financial institution system to the transfer account; and notifying, by the payment manager, the marketing site of the completion of the deposition when the transaction by the deposition of the payment amount to the transfer account is performed by the approval at the terminal machine. 3. A payment managing method in which a settlement in a financial institution system as a result of a transaction with a marketing site is executed via a payment manager, the method comprising the steps of:
when a transaction with the marketing site is performed by operating a terminal machine, sending, by the marketing site, bill information including a payment amount associated with the transaction to the payment manager; sending, by the payment manager having received the bill information, settlement guide information to the terminal machine; and causing the terminal machine to access to a website associated with the settlement guide information and displaying an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the payment amount to function as a deposition of the payment amount from the payment manager to the financial institution system; and notifying, by the payment manager, the marketing site of the completion of the deposition when the transaction by the deposition of the payment amount is performed by the approval at the terminal machine. 4. The payment managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
the approval confirmation screen includes a remittance amount input box displaying the payment amount and a product name box showing the content of the transaction. 5. The payment managing method according to claim 4, wherein,
the approval confirmation screen includes a user interface in which a transaction is changed to another transaction corresponding to the payment amount. 6. The payment managing method according to claim 2, wherein,
the approval confirmation screen includes a remittance amount input box displaying the payment amount and a product name box showing the content of the transaction. 7. The payment managing method according to claim 6, wherein,
the approval confirmation screen includes a user interface in which a transaction is changed to another transaction corresponding to the payment amount. 8. The payment managing method according to claim 3, wherein,
the approval confirmation screen includes a remittance amount input box displaying the payment amount and a product name box showing the content of the transaction. 9. The payment managing method according to claim 8, wherein,
the approval confirmation screen includes a user interface in which a transaction is changed to another transaction corresponding to the payment amount. | A payment managing method includes: a process in which, when a transaction with a marketing site is performed by operating a terminal machine, bill information including a payment amount due to the transaction with the marketing site is informed to the terminal machine; a process in which the terminal machine having received the notification displays an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the payout amount to function as a deposition of the payment amount between the financial institution system and the payment manager; and a process in which a payment manager notifies the completion of deposition of the marketing site when a settlement by deposition of the payment amount is executed as a result of the approval at the terminal machine.1. A payment managing method in which a settlement in a financial institution system as a result of a transaction with a marketing site is executed via a payment manager, the method comprising the steps of:
when a transaction with the marketing site is performed by operating a terminal machine, sending bill information including a payment amount associated with the transaction from the marketing site to the terminal machine; displaying, by the terminal machine having received the information, an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the payment amount to function as a deposition of the payment amount between the financial institution system and the payment manager; and notifying, by the payment manager, the marketing site of the completion of the deposition when the transaction by the deposition of the payment amount is performed by the approval at the terminal machine. 2. A payment managing method in which a settlement in a financial institution system as a result of a transaction with a marketing site is executed via a payment manager, the method comprising the steps of:
when a transaction with the marketing site is performed by operating a terminal machine, setting, by the payment manager, a transfer account of the marketing site for the terminal machine or the transaction, and sending bill information including a payment amount associated with the transaction to the terminal machine; displaying, by the terminal machine having received the information, an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the payment amount to function as a deposition of the payment amount from the financial institution system to the transfer account; and notifying, by the payment manager, the marketing site of the completion of the deposition when the transaction by the deposition of the payment amount to the transfer account is performed by the approval at the terminal machine. 3. A payment managing method in which a settlement in a financial institution system as a result of a transaction with a marketing site is executed via a payment manager, the method comprising the steps of:
when a transaction with the marketing site is performed by operating a terminal machine, sending, by the marketing site, bill information including a payment amount associated with the transaction to the payment manager; sending, by the payment manager having received the bill information, settlement guide information to the terminal machine; and causing the terminal machine to access to a website associated with the settlement guide information and displaying an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the payment amount to function as a deposition of the payment amount from the payment manager to the financial institution system; and notifying, by the payment manager, the marketing site of the completion of the deposition when the transaction by the deposition of the payment amount is performed by the approval at the terminal machine. 4. The payment managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
the approval confirmation screen includes a remittance amount input box displaying the payment amount and a product name box showing the content of the transaction. 5. The payment managing method according to claim 4, wherein,
the approval confirmation screen includes a user interface in which a transaction is changed to another transaction corresponding to the payment amount. 6. The payment managing method according to claim 2, wherein,
the approval confirmation screen includes a remittance amount input box displaying the payment amount and a product name box showing the content of the transaction. 7. The payment managing method according to claim 6, wherein,
the approval confirmation screen includes a user interface in which a transaction is changed to another transaction corresponding to the payment amount. 8. The payment managing method according to claim 3, wherein,
the approval confirmation screen includes a remittance amount input box displaying the payment amount and a product name box showing the content of the transaction. 9. The payment managing method according to claim 8, wherein,
the approval confirmation screen includes a user interface in which a transaction is changed to another transaction corresponding to the payment amount. | 3,600 |
339,754 | 16,800,711 | 3,695 | A light fixture for waveguided ambient light is described herein. In one embodiment, the light fixture includes an LED light source for emitting light rays, a waveguide optically coupled to the LED light source to receive and guide the emitted light rays from a proximal end of the waveguide to a distal end of the waveguide, a first indirect lighting surface configured to receive a first portion of the emitted light rays and reflect the first portion at a first distribution to produce a first ambient light source, and a second indirect lighting surface configured to receive a second portion of the emitted light rays and reflect the second portion at a second distribution to produce a second ambient light source. | 1. A light fixture, comprising:
an LED light source for emitting light rays; a waveguide optically coupled to the LED light source to receive and guide the emitted light rays from a proximal end of the waveguide to a distal end of the waveguide; a first indirect lighting surface configured to receive a first portion of the emitted light rays and reflect the first portion at a first distribution to produce a first ambient light source; and a second indirect lighting surface configured to receive a second portion of the emitted light rays and reflect the second portion at a second distribution to produce a second ambient light source. 2. The light fixture of claim 1, further comprising:
a microlens located on or in at least one surface of the distal end of the waveguide and configured to receive the emitted light rays and transmit the emitted light rays. 3. The light fixture of claim 1, further comprising:
a prismatic or lenticular surface located on or in at least one surface of the distal end of the waveguide and configured to receive the emitted light rays and transmit the emitted light rays. 4. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the first distribution comprises an approximately 20 degree angle from a direction of emission for the emitted light rays. 5. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the emitted light rays form a batwing profile. 6. The light fixture of claim 5, wherein the batwing profile comprises a square batwing profile. 7. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the waveguide comprises a translucent material. 8. The light fixture of claim 7, wherein the guided light rays are imperceptible within the waveguide and perceptible upon reaching the distal end of the waveguide. 9. A light fixture, comprising:
at least one LED light source adapted or configured to produce light; at least one waveguide adapted or configured to:
receive, at an edge of the waveguide, the produced light; and
guide the light through the waveguide; and
a structure adapted or configured to redirect a portion of the guided light to produce a predetermined light distribution. 10. The light fixture of claim 9, wherein the at least one waveguide comprises a first waveguide and a second waveguide; wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide are positioned so as to define a gap between them. 11. The light fixture of claim 10, wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide are configured such that they are opposite to each other. 12. The light fixture of claim 9, wherein the at least one waveguide guides light to an interior of the fixture. 13. The light fixture of claim 9, wherein the at least one waveguide is further adapted or configured to define a hole, slot or cavity. 14. A light fixture, comprising:
a first waveguide and a second waveguide; a support structure, where the first waveguide and the second waveguide are mounted to the support structure and on a same plane; at least one LED light attached to an exterior of either the first waveguide or the second waveguide, the at least one LED adapted or configured to direct light from the attached waveguide and direct the light towards the other waveguide. 15. The light fixture of claim 14, further comprising:
a microlens located on or in at least one surface of a distal end of the first or second waveguide and configured to receive the light rays and transmit the directed light rays. 16. The light fixture of claim 14, further comprising:
a prismatic or lenticular surface located on or in at least one surface of a distal end of the first or second waveguide and configured to receive the light rays and transmit the directed light rays. 17. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein a first light distribution comprises an approximately 20 degree angle from a direction of emission for the directed light rays. 18. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the directed light rays form a batwing profile. 19. The light fixture of claim 18, wherein the batwing profile comprises a square batwing profile. 20. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the first or second waveguide comprises a translucent material. 21. The light fixture of claim 20, wherein the directed light rays are imperceptible within the first or second waveguide and perceptible upon reaching a distal end of the first or second waveguide. 22. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the waveguide comprises a plurality of waveguides. 23. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the first indirect lighting surface and the second indirect lighting surface form a light housing. 24. The light fixture of claim 23, wherein the light housing has a geometrical cross-section, wherein the geometrical cross-section comprises an elliptical shape, a triangular shape, an oval shape, a circular shape, a trapezoidal shape, a parallelogram shape, a rectangular shape, or a combination thereof. 25. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the distal end of the waveguide is coupled to a rotation actuator configured to adjust a positioning of the proximal end of the waveguide relative to a position of the distal end. 26. The light fixture of claim 25, wherein the rotation actuator comprises a pressure fitting, a knurled or gear fitting, a screw lock fitting, a separated body damping fitting, or a combination thereof. 27. The light fixture of claim 25, further comprising:
a wireless receiver in electronic communication with the rotation actuator, wherein the wireless receiver is configured to: receive an actuation command; and initiate an actuation of the rotation actuator based on the received actuation command. | A light fixture for waveguided ambient light is described herein. In one embodiment, the light fixture includes an LED light source for emitting light rays, a waveguide optically coupled to the LED light source to receive and guide the emitted light rays from a proximal end of the waveguide to a distal end of the waveguide, a first indirect lighting surface configured to receive a first portion of the emitted light rays and reflect the first portion at a first distribution to produce a first ambient light source, and a second indirect lighting surface configured to receive a second portion of the emitted light rays and reflect the second portion at a second distribution to produce a second ambient light source.1. A light fixture, comprising:
an LED light source for emitting light rays; a waveguide optically coupled to the LED light source to receive and guide the emitted light rays from a proximal end of the waveguide to a distal end of the waveguide; a first indirect lighting surface configured to receive a first portion of the emitted light rays and reflect the first portion at a first distribution to produce a first ambient light source; and a second indirect lighting surface configured to receive a second portion of the emitted light rays and reflect the second portion at a second distribution to produce a second ambient light source. 2. The light fixture of claim 1, further comprising:
a microlens located on or in at least one surface of the distal end of the waveguide and configured to receive the emitted light rays and transmit the emitted light rays. 3. The light fixture of claim 1, further comprising:
a prismatic or lenticular surface located on or in at least one surface of the distal end of the waveguide and configured to receive the emitted light rays and transmit the emitted light rays. 4. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the first distribution comprises an approximately 20 degree angle from a direction of emission for the emitted light rays. 5. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the emitted light rays form a batwing profile. 6. The light fixture of claim 5, wherein the batwing profile comprises a square batwing profile. 7. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the waveguide comprises a translucent material. 8. The light fixture of claim 7, wherein the guided light rays are imperceptible within the waveguide and perceptible upon reaching the distal end of the waveguide. 9. A light fixture, comprising:
at least one LED light source adapted or configured to produce light; at least one waveguide adapted or configured to:
receive, at an edge of the waveguide, the produced light; and
guide the light through the waveguide; and
a structure adapted or configured to redirect a portion of the guided light to produce a predetermined light distribution. 10. The light fixture of claim 9, wherein the at least one waveguide comprises a first waveguide and a second waveguide; wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide are positioned so as to define a gap between them. 11. The light fixture of claim 10, wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide are configured such that they are opposite to each other. 12. The light fixture of claim 9, wherein the at least one waveguide guides light to an interior of the fixture. 13. The light fixture of claim 9, wherein the at least one waveguide is further adapted or configured to define a hole, slot or cavity. 14. A light fixture, comprising:
a first waveguide and a second waveguide; a support structure, where the first waveguide and the second waveguide are mounted to the support structure and on a same plane; at least one LED light attached to an exterior of either the first waveguide or the second waveguide, the at least one LED adapted or configured to direct light from the attached waveguide and direct the light towards the other waveguide. 15. The light fixture of claim 14, further comprising:
a microlens located on or in at least one surface of a distal end of the first or second waveguide and configured to receive the light rays and transmit the directed light rays. 16. The light fixture of claim 14, further comprising:
a prismatic or lenticular surface located on or in at least one surface of a distal end of the first or second waveguide and configured to receive the light rays and transmit the directed light rays. 17. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein a first light distribution comprises an approximately 20 degree angle from a direction of emission for the directed light rays. 18. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the directed light rays form a batwing profile. 19. The light fixture of claim 18, wherein the batwing profile comprises a square batwing profile. 20. The light fixture of claim 14, wherein the first or second waveguide comprises a translucent material. 21. The light fixture of claim 20, wherein the directed light rays are imperceptible within the first or second waveguide and perceptible upon reaching a distal end of the first or second waveguide. 22. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the waveguide comprises a plurality of waveguides. 23. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the first indirect lighting surface and the second indirect lighting surface form a light housing. 24. The light fixture of claim 23, wherein the light housing has a geometrical cross-section, wherein the geometrical cross-section comprises an elliptical shape, a triangular shape, an oval shape, a circular shape, a trapezoidal shape, a parallelogram shape, a rectangular shape, or a combination thereof. 25. The light fixture of claim 1, wherein the distal end of the waveguide is coupled to a rotation actuator configured to adjust a positioning of the proximal end of the waveguide relative to a position of the distal end. 26. The light fixture of claim 25, wherein the rotation actuator comprises a pressure fitting, a knurled or gear fitting, a screw lock fitting, a separated body damping fitting, or a combination thereof. 27. The light fixture of claim 25, further comprising:
a wireless receiver in electronic communication with the rotation actuator, wherein the wireless receiver is configured to: receive an actuation command; and initiate an actuation of the rotation actuator based on the received actuation command. | 3,600 |
339,755 | 16,800,706 | 3,695 | While moving an ejecting unit, first patterns and second patterns are formed in a first direction on a medium. Third patterns corresponding to the first patterns are formed while changing a shifted amount by which the third patterns is shifted from the first patterns by a first shift amount in the second direction. Fourth patterns corresponding to the second patterns are formed while changing a shifted amount by which the fourth patterns is shifted from the second patterns by a first shift amount in the second direction. In a rough adjustment pattern, image density of a pair of patterns, which are formed of the first pattern and the corresponding third pattern, changes in the first direction in a first cycle. In a fine adjustment pattern, image density of a pair of patterns, which are formed of the second pattern and the corresponding fourth pattern, changes in a second cycle. | 1. A liquid ejecting device, comprising:
an ejecting unit that includes a nozzle row ejecting liquid and is configured to move reciprocally in a first direction intersecting the nozzle row; a moving unit configured to move a medium and the ejecting unit relatively to each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction; and a control unit configured to perform control to cause the ejecting unit to eject the liquid, and cause the ejecting unit to move for forming a plurality of first patterns and a plurality of second patterns on the medium in the first direction, and forming a plurality of third patterns corresponding to the plurality of first patterns while changing a shifted amount by which the plurality of third patterns is shifted from the plurality of first patterns by a first shift amount in the second direction, and moreover forming a plurality of fourth patterns corresponding to the plurality of second patterns while changing a shifted amount by which the plurality of fourth patterns is shifted from the plurality of second patterns by a second shift amount smaller than the first shift amount, wherein a rough adjustment pattern, which is formed of the plurality of first patterns and the plurality of third patterns, and a fine adjustment pattern, which is formed of the plurality of second patterns and the plurality of fourth patterns, are positionally associated with one each other in the second direction, the rough adjustment pattern is a pattern in which image density of a pair of patterns, which is formed of the plurality of first patterns and the plurality of third patterns corresponding to the plurality of first patterns, changes in the first direction in a first cycle, and the fine adjustment pattern is a pattern in which image density of a pair of patterns, which is formed of the plurality of second patterns and the plurality of fourth patterns corresponding to the plurality of second patterns, changes in the first direction in a second cycle shorter than the first cycle. 2. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein the fine adjustment pattern has the cyclical change including two or more cycles. 3. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit performs, through changing at least one nozzle to be used among a plurality of nozzles included in the nozzle row, control to form the plurality of third patterns corresponding to the plurality of first patterns while changing a shifted amount by which the plurality of third patterns is shifted from the plurality of first patterns by a first shift amount in the second direction, and form the plurality of fourth patterns corresponding to the plurality of second patterns while changing a shifted amount by which the plurality of fourth patterns is shifted from the plurality of second patterns by a second shift amount smaller than the first shift amount. 4. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein the moving unit includes a driving roller configured to move the medium in the second direction. 5. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 4, wherein
the control unit performs control to, after forming the rough adjustment pattern and the fine adjustment pattern as a first pattern formation operation, rotate the driving roller by half a rotation from a rotation-starting position in the first pattern formation operation to form the rough adjustment pattern and the fine adjustment pattern as a second pattern formation operation. 6. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 4, wherein the control unit performs control to execute formation of the rough adjustment pattern and the fine adjustment pattern and rotation of the driving roller for a plurality of times, with a rotation amount of the driving roller being changed accordingly. 7. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the rough adjustment pattern and the fine adjustment pattern are associate with each other positionally in the second direction such that a selection range of the fine adjustment pattern is selected in conjunction with selection of a selection position in the rough adjustment pattern, and the control unit sets an adjustment value based on a reference value in the selection range. 8. A conveyance amount adjustment method executed using a liquid ejecting device including an ejecting unit that includes a nozzle row ejecting liquid and that is configured to move reciprocally in a first direction intersecting the nozzle row and a moving unit configured to move a medium and the ejecting unit relatively with each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction, the conveyance amount adjustment method comprising:
forming a plurality of first patterns and a plurality of second patterns on the medium in the first direction; and forming a plurality of third patterns corresponding to the plurality of first patterns while changing a shifted amount by which the plurality of third patterns is shifted from the plurality of first patterns by a first shift amount in the second direction, and forming a plurality of fourth patterns corresponding to the plurality of second patterns while changing a shifted amount by which the plurality of fourth patterns is shifted from the plurality of second patterns by a second shift amount smaller than the first shift amount in the second direction, wherein a rough adjustment pattern, which is formed of the plurality of first patterns and the plurality of third patterns, and a fine adjustment pattern, which is formed of the plurality of second patterns and the plurality of fourth patterns, are positionally associated with each other in the second direction, the rough adjustment pattern is a pattern in which image density of a pair of patterns, which is formed of the plurality of first patterns and the plurality of third patterns corresponding to the plurality of first patterns, changes in the first direction in a first cycle, and the fine adjustment pattern is a pattern in which image density of a pair of patterns, which is formed of the plurality of second patterns and the plurality of fourth patterns corresponding the plurality of second patterns, changes in the first direction in a second cycle shorter than the first cycle. | While moving an ejecting unit, first patterns and second patterns are formed in a first direction on a medium. Third patterns corresponding to the first patterns are formed while changing a shifted amount by which the third patterns is shifted from the first patterns by a first shift amount in the second direction. Fourth patterns corresponding to the second patterns are formed while changing a shifted amount by which the fourth patterns is shifted from the second patterns by a first shift amount in the second direction. In a rough adjustment pattern, image density of a pair of patterns, which are formed of the first pattern and the corresponding third pattern, changes in the first direction in a first cycle. In a fine adjustment pattern, image density of a pair of patterns, which are formed of the second pattern and the corresponding fourth pattern, changes in a second cycle.1. A liquid ejecting device, comprising:
an ejecting unit that includes a nozzle row ejecting liquid and is configured to move reciprocally in a first direction intersecting the nozzle row; a moving unit configured to move a medium and the ejecting unit relatively to each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction; and a control unit configured to perform control to cause the ejecting unit to eject the liquid, and cause the ejecting unit to move for forming a plurality of first patterns and a plurality of second patterns on the medium in the first direction, and forming a plurality of third patterns corresponding to the plurality of first patterns while changing a shifted amount by which the plurality of third patterns is shifted from the plurality of first patterns by a first shift amount in the second direction, and moreover forming a plurality of fourth patterns corresponding to the plurality of second patterns while changing a shifted amount by which the plurality of fourth patterns is shifted from the plurality of second patterns by a second shift amount smaller than the first shift amount, wherein a rough adjustment pattern, which is formed of the plurality of first patterns and the plurality of third patterns, and a fine adjustment pattern, which is formed of the plurality of second patterns and the plurality of fourth patterns, are positionally associated with one each other in the second direction, the rough adjustment pattern is a pattern in which image density of a pair of patterns, which is formed of the plurality of first patterns and the plurality of third patterns corresponding to the plurality of first patterns, changes in the first direction in a first cycle, and the fine adjustment pattern is a pattern in which image density of a pair of patterns, which is formed of the plurality of second patterns and the plurality of fourth patterns corresponding to the plurality of second patterns, changes in the first direction in a second cycle shorter than the first cycle. 2. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein the fine adjustment pattern has the cyclical change including two or more cycles. 3. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit performs, through changing at least one nozzle to be used among a plurality of nozzles included in the nozzle row, control to form the plurality of third patterns corresponding to the plurality of first patterns while changing a shifted amount by which the plurality of third patterns is shifted from the plurality of first patterns by a first shift amount in the second direction, and form the plurality of fourth patterns corresponding to the plurality of second patterns while changing a shifted amount by which the plurality of fourth patterns is shifted from the plurality of second patterns by a second shift amount smaller than the first shift amount. 4. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein the moving unit includes a driving roller configured to move the medium in the second direction. 5. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 4, wherein
the control unit performs control to, after forming the rough adjustment pattern and the fine adjustment pattern as a first pattern formation operation, rotate the driving roller by half a rotation from a rotation-starting position in the first pattern formation operation to form the rough adjustment pattern and the fine adjustment pattern as a second pattern formation operation. 6. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 4, wherein the control unit performs control to execute formation of the rough adjustment pattern and the fine adjustment pattern and rotation of the driving roller for a plurality of times, with a rotation amount of the driving roller being changed accordingly. 7. The liquid ejecting device according to claim 1, wherein
the rough adjustment pattern and the fine adjustment pattern are associate with each other positionally in the second direction such that a selection range of the fine adjustment pattern is selected in conjunction with selection of a selection position in the rough adjustment pattern, and the control unit sets an adjustment value based on a reference value in the selection range. 8. A conveyance amount adjustment method executed using a liquid ejecting device including an ejecting unit that includes a nozzle row ejecting liquid and that is configured to move reciprocally in a first direction intersecting the nozzle row and a moving unit configured to move a medium and the ejecting unit relatively with each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction, the conveyance amount adjustment method comprising:
forming a plurality of first patterns and a plurality of second patterns on the medium in the first direction; and forming a plurality of third patterns corresponding to the plurality of first patterns while changing a shifted amount by which the plurality of third patterns is shifted from the plurality of first patterns by a first shift amount in the second direction, and forming a plurality of fourth patterns corresponding to the plurality of second patterns while changing a shifted amount by which the plurality of fourth patterns is shifted from the plurality of second patterns by a second shift amount smaller than the first shift amount in the second direction, wherein a rough adjustment pattern, which is formed of the plurality of first patterns and the plurality of third patterns, and a fine adjustment pattern, which is formed of the plurality of second patterns and the plurality of fourth patterns, are positionally associated with each other in the second direction, the rough adjustment pattern is a pattern in which image density of a pair of patterns, which is formed of the plurality of first patterns and the plurality of third patterns corresponding to the plurality of first patterns, changes in the first direction in a first cycle, and the fine adjustment pattern is a pattern in which image density of a pair of patterns, which is formed of the plurality of second patterns and the plurality of fourth patterns corresponding the plurality of second patterns, changes in the first direction in a second cycle shorter than the first cycle. | 3,600 |
339,756 | 16,800,736 | 3,784 | The progress of what has previously been considered idiopathic scoliosis it is arrested and corrected by exercises that gradually stretch the spinal cord to catch and keep up with bone growth. An inventive frame enables such exercises by precluding the movement of the spinal column that is a result of the shorter spinal cord. | 1. A device for treatment of scoliosis, comprising:
a frame including a posterior frame member, an anterior frame member, a side frame member, and an oblique frame member, each of the side frame member and the oblique frame member extending between the posterior frame member and the anterior frame member, the oblique frame member re-positionable along each of the posterior frame member and the anterior frame member, the frame sized to circumscribe a person when the person is fitted within the device with an anterior of the person facing the anterior frame member; an anterior thoracic pad supported by the anterior frame member, the anterior thoracic pad configured to force de-rotation of a primary thoracic scoliotic curve of the person when the person is fitted within the device; and a primary thoracic pad supported by the posterior frame member, the primary thoracic pad configured to provide a de-rotational force to the primary thoracic scoliotic curve of the person when the person is fitted within the device. | The progress of what has previously been considered idiopathic scoliosis it is arrested and corrected by exercises that gradually stretch the spinal cord to catch and keep up with bone growth. An inventive frame enables such exercises by precluding the movement of the spinal column that is a result of the shorter spinal cord.1. A device for treatment of scoliosis, comprising:
a frame including a posterior frame member, an anterior frame member, a side frame member, and an oblique frame member, each of the side frame member and the oblique frame member extending between the posterior frame member and the anterior frame member, the oblique frame member re-positionable along each of the posterior frame member and the anterior frame member, the frame sized to circumscribe a person when the person is fitted within the device with an anterior of the person facing the anterior frame member; an anterior thoracic pad supported by the anterior frame member, the anterior thoracic pad configured to force de-rotation of a primary thoracic scoliotic curve of the person when the person is fitted within the device; and a primary thoracic pad supported by the posterior frame member, the primary thoracic pad configured to provide a de-rotational force to the primary thoracic scoliotic curve of the person when the person is fitted within the device. | 3,700 |
339,757 | 16,800,697 | 3,784 | Systems and methods for incorporating online user generated media content (e.g., videos) into an interactive video gaming environment are provided. Media assets that are associated with different measures of quality generated by users are stored on a remote server. A player action is received by the remote server. A determination is made as to which one of the plurality of levels of the interactive video gaming environment corresponds to the action. One of the videos associated with one of the measures of quality is selected based on the determination of the level corresponding to the action. The selected video is transmitted to the player. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method comprising:
generating, by processing circuitry, a display of an interactive 3D environment comprising a first feature, a second feature, and a representation of a user in the interactive 3D environment, wherein the feature and the representation of the user have corresponding positions in the interactive 3D environment; identifying that the first feature is being accessed in the interactive 3D environment by the user; and in response to identifying that the first feature is being accessed by the user in the interactive 3D environment:
modifying, by the processing circuitry, at least one of the position of the first feature and the position of the second feature, such that the position of the first feature becomes closer to the position of the representation of a user in the interactive 3D environment than the position of the second feature; and
causing, by processing circuitry, for display the first feature and the second feature in the interactive 3D environment. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
downloading the interactive 3D environment from a first source; and executing the interactive 3D environment on a user equipment device comprising the processing circuitry and a storage device. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the storage device is a remote server, and wherein identifying the subset of the plurality of videos comprises searching the remote server for content associated with the interactive 3D environment provided by the plurality of other users. 24. The method of claim 22, further comprising retrieving, from the storage device, user profile information that indicates a first measure of progress of the user in the interactive application. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the user device may be a stereoscopic optical device. 26. A system comprising:
control circuitry configured to:
generate, by processing circuitry, a display of a interactive 3D environment comprising a first feature, a second feature, and a representation of a user in the interactive 3D environment, wherein the feature and the representation of the user have corresponding positions in the interactive 3D environment;
identify that the first feature is being accessed in the interactive 3D environment by the user; and
in response to identifying that the first feature is being accessed by the user in the interactive 3D environment:
modify, by the processing circuitry, at least one of the position of the first feature and the position of the second feature, such that the position of the first feature becomes closer to the position of the representation of a user in the interactive 3D environment than the position of the second feature; and
cause, by processing circuitry, for display the first feature and the second feature in the interactive 3D environment. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
download the interactive 3D environment from a first source; and execute the interactive 3D environment on a user equipment device comprising the processing circuitry and a storage device. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the storage device is a remote server, and wherein identifying the subset of the plurality of videos comprises searching the remote server for content associated with the interactive 3D environment provided by the plurality of other users. 29. The system of claim 27, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to retrieve, from the storage device, user profile information that indicates a first measure of progress of the user in the interactive application. 30. The system of claim 26, wherein the user device may be a stereoscopic optical device. | Systems and methods for incorporating online user generated media content (e.g., videos) into an interactive video gaming environment are provided. Media assets that are associated with different measures of quality generated by users are stored on a remote server. A player action is received by the remote server. A determination is made as to which one of the plurality of levels of the interactive video gaming environment corresponds to the action. One of the videos associated with one of the measures of quality is selected based on the determination of the level corresponding to the action. The selected video is transmitted to the player.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method comprising:
generating, by processing circuitry, a display of an interactive 3D environment comprising a first feature, a second feature, and a representation of a user in the interactive 3D environment, wherein the feature and the representation of the user have corresponding positions in the interactive 3D environment; identifying that the first feature is being accessed in the interactive 3D environment by the user; and in response to identifying that the first feature is being accessed by the user in the interactive 3D environment:
modifying, by the processing circuitry, at least one of the position of the first feature and the position of the second feature, such that the position of the first feature becomes closer to the position of the representation of a user in the interactive 3D environment than the position of the second feature; and
causing, by processing circuitry, for display the first feature and the second feature in the interactive 3D environment. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
downloading the interactive 3D environment from a first source; and executing the interactive 3D environment on a user equipment device comprising the processing circuitry and a storage device. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the storage device is a remote server, and wherein identifying the subset of the plurality of videos comprises searching the remote server for content associated with the interactive 3D environment provided by the plurality of other users. 24. The method of claim 22, further comprising retrieving, from the storage device, user profile information that indicates a first measure of progress of the user in the interactive application. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the user device may be a stereoscopic optical device. 26. A system comprising:
control circuitry configured to:
generate, by processing circuitry, a display of a interactive 3D environment comprising a first feature, a second feature, and a representation of a user in the interactive 3D environment, wherein the feature and the representation of the user have corresponding positions in the interactive 3D environment;
identify that the first feature is being accessed in the interactive 3D environment by the user; and
in response to identifying that the first feature is being accessed by the user in the interactive 3D environment:
modify, by the processing circuitry, at least one of the position of the first feature and the position of the second feature, such that the position of the first feature becomes closer to the position of the representation of a user in the interactive 3D environment than the position of the second feature; and
cause, by processing circuitry, for display the first feature and the second feature in the interactive 3D environment. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
download the interactive 3D environment from a first source; and execute the interactive 3D environment on a user equipment device comprising the processing circuitry and a storage device. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the storage device is a remote server, and wherein identifying the subset of the plurality of videos comprises searching the remote server for content associated with the interactive 3D environment provided by the plurality of other users. 29. The system of claim 27, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to retrieve, from the storage device, user profile information that indicates a first measure of progress of the user in the interactive application. 30. The system of claim 26, wherein the user device may be a stereoscopic optical device. | 3,700 |
339,758 | 16,800,704 | 3,784 | Cooling system components are provided herein to direct airflow within an information handling system. More specifically, various embodiments of fin structures are provided herein to direct airflow in at least two different directions. In one embodiment, the fin structure includes a plurality of fins arranged parallel to one another, where at least one integrated airflow guiding structure is formed within each of the plurality of fins. The plurality of fins function to dissipate thermal energy, which is generated by a heat generating component and conducted by a heat sink to the fin structure via convection. As air flows through the plurality of fins in a primary airflow direction, the at least one integrated airflow guiding structure redirects a portion of the airflow in a direction, which differs from the primary airflow direction. | 1. A fin structure, comprising:
a plurality of fins arranged parallel to one another and configured to dissipate thermal energy, which is generated by a heat generating component and conducted by a heat sink to the fin structure via convection, wherein air flows through the plurality of fins in a primary airflow direction; and at least one structure integrated within each of the plurality of fins and configured to redirect a portion of the airflow in a direction, which differs from the primary airflow direction. 2. The fin structure as recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one structure is formed anywhere along an egress side of each of the plurality of fins where the airflow exits the fin structure. 3. The fin structure as recited in claim 2, wherein the at least one structure is formed within a lower portion of each of the plurality of fins on the egress side. 4. The fin structure as recited in claim 2, wherein the at least one structure is formed by cutting a substantially rectangular shaped tab within each of the plurality of fins on the egress side, and bending the tab inward. 5. The fin structure as recited in claim 4, wherein the substantially rectangular shaped tab is formed within each of the plurality of fins at an angle approximately −75° to 75° from the primary airflow direction, and bent inward to form a baffle. 6. The fin structure as recited in claim 5, wherein the baffle captures the portion of the airflow and redirects the captured portion in a substantially downward direction toward one or more heat generating components arranged in a vicinity of the heat generating component. 7. The fin structure as recited in claim 4, wherein the substantially rectangular shaped tab is formed substantially parallel to the egress side of each of the plurality of fins, and bent inward to form a divider, which is substantially perpendicular to the primary airflow direction. 8. The fin structure as recited in claim 7, wherein the divider divides the airflow between the primary airflow direction and a secondary airflow direction, and wherein the portion of the airflow in the secondary airflow direction provides a cooling effect to one or more heat generating components arranged in a vicinity of the heat generating component. 9. An information handling system, comprising:
a heat generating component; a heat sink thermally coupled to the heat generating component for conducting heat generated by the heat generating component; a fin structure thermally coupled to the heat sink for dissipating the heat conducted by the heat sink via convection or radiation into a lower temperature region surrounding the heat generating component, wherein the fin structure comprises:
a plurality of fins arranged parallel to one another, wherein air flows through the plurality of fins in a primary airflow direction; and
at least one structure integrated within each of the plurality of fins, wherein the at least one structure is configured to redirect a portion of the airflow in a direction, which differs from the primary airflow direction. 10. The information handling system as recited in claim 9, further comprising one or more active cooling components coupled to, or mounted near, the heat sink and the fin structure to increase airflow velocity through the fin structure and improve heat dissipation. 11. The information handling system as recited in claim 9, wherein the at least one structure is formed anywhere along an egress side of each of the plurality of fins where the airflow exits the fin structure. 12. The information handling system as recited in claim 11, wherein the at least one structure is formed within a lower portion of each of the plurality of fins on the egress side. 13. The information handling system as recited in claim 11, wherein the at least one structure is formed by cutting a substantially rectangular shaped tab within each of the plurality of fins on the egress side, and bending the tab inward. 14. The information handling system as recited in claim 13, wherein the substantially rectangular shaped tab is formed within each of the plurality of fins at an angle approximately −75° to 75° from the primary airflow direction, and bent inward to form a baffle. 15. The information handling system as recited in claim 14, wherein the baffle captures the portion of the airflow and redirects the captured portion in a substantially downward direction toward one or more heat generating components arranged in a vicinity of the heat generating component. 16. The information handling system as recited in claim 13, wherein the substantially rectangular shaped tab is formed substantially parallel to the egress side of each of the plurality of fins, and bent inward to form a divider, which is substantially perpendicular to the primary airflow direction. 17. The information handling system as recited in claim 16, wherein the divider divides the airflow between the primary airflow direction and a secondary airflow direction, and wherein airflow in the secondary airflow direction provides a cooling effect to one or more heat generating components arranged in a vicinity of the heat generating component. 18. A method to form a stacked fin structure including a plurality of fins, the method comprising:
forming a substantially rectangular shaped tab within an egress side of each of the plurality of fins; bending the substantially rectangular shaped tab inward to create an integrated air guiding structure on the egress side of each fin; stacking the plurality of fins together; and coupling a first fin and a last fin to opposing sides of the stacked plurality of fins to complete the stacked fin structure. 19. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein once completed, the stacked fin structure is configured to dissipate thermal energy via airflow through the plurality of fins in a primary airflow direction, and wherein:
the integrated airflow guiding structure redirects a portion of the airflow in a direction, which differs from the primary airflow direction; and the first fin and the last fin do not include the integrated air guiding structure to prevent air leakage from sides of the stacked fin structure. 20. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein said forming comprises forming the substantially rectangular shaped tab at an angle approximately −75° to 75° from the primary airflow direction, and wherein said bending comprises bending the substantially rectangular shaped tab inward to form a baffle, which captures the portion of the airflow and redirects the captured portion in a substantially downward direction. 21. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein said forming comprises forming the substantially rectangular shaped tab substantially parallel to the egress side of each of the plurality of fins, and wherein said bending comprises bending the substantially rectangular shaped tab inward to form a divider, which is substantially perpendicular to the primary airflow direction. | Cooling system components are provided herein to direct airflow within an information handling system. More specifically, various embodiments of fin structures are provided herein to direct airflow in at least two different directions. In one embodiment, the fin structure includes a plurality of fins arranged parallel to one another, where at least one integrated airflow guiding structure is formed within each of the plurality of fins. The plurality of fins function to dissipate thermal energy, which is generated by a heat generating component and conducted by a heat sink to the fin structure via convection. As air flows through the plurality of fins in a primary airflow direction, the at least one integrated airflow guiding structure redirects a portion of the airflow in a direction, which differs from the primary airflow direction.1. A fin structure, comprising:
a plurality of fins arranged parallel to one another and configured to dissipate thermal energy, which is generated by a heat generating component and conducted by a heat sink to the fin structure via convection, wherein air flows through the plurality of fins in a primary airflow direction; and at least one structure integrated within each of the plurality of fins and configured to redirect a portion of the airflow in a direction, which differs from the primary airflow direction. 2. The fin structure as recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one structure is formed anywhere along an egress side of each of the plurality of fins where the airflow exits the fin structure. 3. The fin structure as recited in claim 2, wherein the at least one structure is formed within a lower portion of each of the plurality of fins on the egress side. 4. The fin structure as recited in claim 2, wherein the at least one structure is formed by cutting a substantially rectangular shaped tab within each of the plurality of fins on the egress side, and bending the tab inward. 5. The fin structure as recited in claim 4, wherein the substantially rectangular shaped tab is formed within each of the plurality of fins at an angle approximately −75° to 75° from the primary airflow direction, and bent inward to form a baffle. 6. The fin structure as recited in claim 5, wherein the baffle captures the portion of the airflow and redirects the captured portion in a substantially downward direction toward one or more heat generating components arranged in a vicinity of the heat generating component. 7. The fin structure as recited in claim 4, wherein the substantially rectangular shaped tab is formed substantially parallel to the egress side of each of the plurality of fins, and bent inward to form a divider, which is substantially perpendicular to the primary airflow direction. 8. The fin structure as recited in claim 7, wherein the divider divides the airflow between the primary airflow direction and a secondary airflow direction, and wherein the portion of the airflow in the secondary airflow direction provides a cooling effect to one or more heat generating components arranged in a vicinity of the heat generating component. 9. An information handling system, comprising:
a heat generating component; a heat sink thermally coupled to the heat generating component for conducting heat generated by the heat generating component; a fin structure thermally coupled to the heat sink for dissipating the heat conducted by the heat sink via convection or radiation into a lower temperature region surrounding the heat generating component, wherein the fin structure comprises:
a plurality of fins arranged parallel to one another, wherein air flows through the plurality of fins in a primary airflow direction; and
at least one structure integrated within each of the plurality of fins, wherein the at least one structure is configured to redirect a portion of the airflow in a direction, which differs from the primary airflow direction. 10. The information handling system as recited in claim 9, further comprising one or more active cooling components coupled to, or mounted near, the heat sink and the fin structure to increase airflow velocity through the fin structure and improve heat dissipation. 11. The information handling system as recited in claim 9, wherein the at least one structure is formed anywhere along an egress side of each of the plurality of fins where the airflow exits the fin structure. 12. The information handling system as recited in claim 11, wherein the at least one structure is formed within a lower portion of each of the plurality of fins on the egress side. 13. The information handling system as recited in claim 11, wherein the at least one structure is formed by cutting a substantially rectangular shaped tab within each of the plurality of fins on the egress side, and bending the tab inward. 14. The information handling system as recited in claim 13, wherein the substantially rectangular shaped tab is formed within each of the plurality of fins at an angle approximately −75° to 75° from the primary airflow direction, and bent inward to form a baffle. 15. The information handling system as recited in claim 14, wherein the baffle captures the portion of the airflow and redirects the captured portion in a substantially downward direction toward one or more heat generating components arranged in a vicinity of the heat generating component. 16. The information handling system as recited in claim 13, wherein the substantially rectangular shaped tab is formed substantially parallel to the egress side of each of the plurality of fins, and bent inward to form a divider, which is substantially perpendicular to the primary airflow direction. 17. The information handling system as recited in claim 16, wherein the divider divides the airflow between the primary airflow direction and a secondary airflow direction, and wherein airflow in the secondary airflow direction provides a cooling effect to one or more heat generating components arranged in a vicinity of the heat generating component. 18. A method to form a stacked fin structure including a plurality of fins, the method comprising:
forming a substantially rectangular shaped tab within an egress side of each of the plurality of fins; bending the substantially rectangular shaped tab inward to create an integrated air guiding structure on the egress side of each fin; stacking the plurality of fins together; and coupling a first fin and a last fin to opposing sides of the stacked plurality of fins to complete the stacked fin structure. 19. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein once completed, the stacked fin structure is configured to dissipate thermal energy via airflow through the plurality of fins in a primary airflow direction, and wherein:
the integrated airflow guiding structure redirects a portion of the airflow in a direction, which differs from the primary airflow direction; and the first fin and the last fin do not include the integrated air guiding structure to prevent air leakage from sides of the stacked fin structure. 20. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein said forming comprises forming the substantially rectangular shaped tab at an angle approximately −75° to 75° from the primary airflow direction, and wherein said bending comprises bending the substantially rectangular shaped tab inward to form a baffle, which captures the portion of the airflow and redirects the captured portion in a substantially downward direction. 21. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein said forming comprises forming the substantially rectangular shaped tab substantially parallel to the egress side of each of the plurality of fins, and wherein said bending comprises bending the substantially rectangular shaped tab inward to form a divider, which is substantially perpendicular to the primary airflow direction. | 3,700 |
339,759 | 16,800,705 | 3,634 | A power transfer device for a fire door operator having a pair of drive gears includes a bridge gear box having a drive shaft suitable for being coupled to an external drive. An idle spur gear is fixed to the drive shaft. A pair of spur gears are coupled to the idle spur gear to rotate in response to rotations of the idle spur gear. Spur gear shafts are coupled to the spur gears and arranged to be coupled to the drive gears of the operator so that rotation of the drive shaft by an external drive is translated to simultaneous rotations of the drive gears of the operator. | 1. A power transfer device for a fire door operator having a pair of drive gears comprising a bridge gear box having a drive shaft suitable for being coupled to an external drive; an idle spur gear fixed to said drive shaft; a pair of spur gears coupled to said idle spur gear to rotate in response to rotations of said idle spur gear; and spur gear shafts coupled to said spur gears and arranged to be coupled to the drive gears of the operator, whereby rotation of said drive shaft by an external drive is translated to simultaneous rotations of the drive gears of the operator. 2. A power transfer device as defined in claim 1, in combination with a fire door operator. 3. A power transfer device as defined in claim 2, wherein said fire door operator is coupled to a rolling door that can be raised when rolled onto a generally horizontal shaft when the shaft rotates in a first direction and lowered when the shaft rotates in an opposing direction, said operator comprising a planetary gear system; a carrier secured to said planetary gear system adapted to be coupled to the rolling door shaft; and drive means coupled to said bridge gear box for selectively driving said planetary gear system to transmit rotational power to the rolling door shaft. 4. A power transfer device as defined in claim 3, wherein said drive means comprises a hand-operated chain drive coupled to said planetary gear system. 5. A power transfer device as defined in claim 3, wherein said drive means comprises an exterior motor coupled to said planetary gear system. 6. A power transfer device as defined in claim 5, wherein said exterior motor is coupled by means of a drive shaft engaged with said planetary gear system; and a sprocket fixedly mounted on said drive shaft for coupling said drive shaft to said exterior motor. 7. A power transfer device as defined in claim 6, wherein said bridge gear box couples said drive shaft to two spur gears for driving said operator drive gears. | A power transfer device for a fire door operator having a pair of drive gears includes a bridge gear box having a drive shaft suitable for being coupled to an external drive. An idle spur gear is fixed to the drive shaft. A pair of spur gears are coupled to the idle spur gear to rotate in response to rotations of the idle spur gear. Spur gear shafts are coupled to the spur gears and arranged to be coupled to the drive gears of the operator so that rotation of the drive shaft by an external drive is translated to simultaneous rotations of the drive gears of the operator.1. A power transfer device for a fire door operator having a pair of drive gears comprising a bridge gear box having a drive shaft suitable for being coupled to an external drive; an idle spur gear fixed to said drive shaft; a pair of spur gears coupled to said idle spur gear to rotate in response to rotations of said idle spur gear; and spur gear shafts coupled to said spur gears and arranged to be coupled to the drive gears of the operator, whereby rotation of said drive shaft by an external drive is translated to simultaneous rotations of the drive gears of the operator. 2. A power transfer device as defined in claim 1, in combination with a fire door operator. 3. A power transfer device as defined in claim 2, wherein said fire door operator is coupled to a rolling door that can be raised when rolled onto a generally horizontal shaft when the shaft rotates in a first direction and lowered when the shaft rotates in an opposing direction, said operator comprising a planetary gear system; a carrier secured to said planetary gear system adapted to be coupled to the rolling door shaft; and drive means coupled to said bridge gear box for selectively driving said planetary gear system to transmit rotational power to the rolling door shaft. 4. A power transfer device as defined in claim 3, wherein said drive means comprises a hand-operated chain drive coupled to said planetary gear system. 5. A power transfer device as defined in claim 3, wherein said drive means comprises an exterior motor coupled to said planetary gear system. 6. A power transfer device as defined in claim 5, wherein said exterior motor is coupled by means of a drive shaft engaged with said planetary gear system; and a sprocket fixedly mounted on said drive shaft for coupling said drive shaft to said exterior motor. 7. A power transfer device as defined in claim 6, wherein said bridge gear box couples said drive shaft to two spur gears for driving said operator drive gears. | 3,600 |
339,760 | 16,800,712 | 3,634 | Upon determining a first vehicle is moving on a two-way road in a first direction of travel in an only lane of the two-way road, vehicle sensor data is input to a first neural network that identifies a yield area along the two-way road via image segmentation. A second vehicle is detected traveling toward the first vehicle on the only lane of the two-way road. Then, upon determining the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle, one or more vehicle components are actuated to move the first vehicle to the yield area. | 1. A system, comprising a computer including a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
upon determining a first vehicle is moving on a two-way road in a first direction of travel in an only lane of the two-way road, input vehicle sensor data to a first neural network that identifies a yield area along the two-way road via image segmentation; detect a second vehicle traveling toward the first vehicle on the only lane of the two-way road; and then, upon determining the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle, actuate one or more vehicle components to move the first vehicle to the yield area. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to input yield parameters to a second neural network that determines whether the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle, the yield parameters including at least one of dimensions of the yield area, a distance from the first vehicle to the yield area, a terrain of the yield area, a distance traveled along the two-way road, and a number of vehicles behind the first vehicle. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the yield parameters based on vehicle sensor data. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine whether the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle based further on a message from the second vehicle specifying whether the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon determining the first vehicle is traveling on the two-way road, receive weights for the second neural network from a server. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to update the weights for the second neural network based on the yield parameters and to provide the updated weights for the second neural network to the server. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle based on a lack of communication between the first vehicle and the second vehicle. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon determining a lack of communication between the first vehicle and the second vehicle, determine the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle based on detecting the second vehicle approaching the first vehicle after a predetermined time. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon determining a lack of communication between the first vehicle and the second vehicle, detect the second vehicle yielding based on vehicle sensor data indicating operation of the second vehicle. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the instructions further include instructions to actuate one or more vehicle components to operate the first vehicle along the two-way road based on detecting the second vehicle yielding. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to actuate one or more vehicle components to stop the first vehicle in the yield area based on one or more dimensions of the yield area being equal to or greater than respective thresholds. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to actuate one or more vehicle components to operate the first vehicle through the yield area based on one or more dimensions of the yield area being less than respective thresholds. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the first vehicle is moving on the two-way road based on vehicle sensor data. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon identifying the yield area, overwrite a stored yield area in the memory. 15. A method comprising:
upon determining a first vehicle is moving on a two-way road in a first direction of travel in an only lane of the two-way road, inputting vehicle sensor data to a first neural network that identifies a yield area along the two-way road via image segmentation; detecting a second vehicle traveling toward the first vehicle on the only lane of the two-way road; and then, upon determining the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle, actuating one or more vehicle components to move the first vehicle to the yield area. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising inputting yield parameters to a second neural network that determines whether the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle, the yield parameters including at least one of dimensions of the yield area, a distance from the first vehicle to the yield area, a terrain of the yield area, a distance traveled along the two-way road, and a number of vehicles behind the first vehicle. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising determining the yield parameters based on vehicle sensor data. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising determining whether the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle based further on a message from the second vehicle specifying whether the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising, upon determining the first vehicle is traveling on the two-way road, receiving weights for the second neural network from a server. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising updating the weights for the second neural network based on the yield parameters and providing the updated weights for the second neural network to the server. | Upon determining a first vehicle is moving on a two-way road in a first direction of travel in an only lane of the two-way road, vehicle sensor data is input to a first neural network that identifies a yield area along the two-way road via image segmentation. A second vehicle is detected traveling toward the first vehicle on the only lane of the two-way road. Then, upon determining the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle, one or more vehicle components are actuated to move the first vehicle to the yield area.1. A system, comprising a computer including a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
upon determining a first vehicle is moving on a two-way road in a first direction of travel in an only lane of the two-way road, input vehicle sensor data to a first neural network that identifies a yield area along the two-way road via image segmentation; detect a second vehicle traveling toward the first vehicle on the only lane of the two-way road; and then, upon determining the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle, actuate one or more vehicle components to move the first vehicle to the yield area. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to input yield parameters to a second neural network that determines whether the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle, the yield parameters including at least one of dimensions of the yield area, a distance from the first vehicle to the yield area, a terrain of the yield area, a distance traveled along the two-way road, and a number of vehicles behind the first vehicle. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the yield parameters based on vehicle sensor data. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine whether the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle based further on a message from the second vehicle specifying whether the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon determining the first vehicle is traveling on the two-way road, receive weights for the second neural network from a server. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to update the weights for the second neural network based on the yield parameters and to provide the updated weights for the second neural network to the server. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle based on a lack of communication between the first vehicle and the second vehicle. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon determining a lack of communication between the first vehicle and the second vehicle, determine the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle based on detecting the second vehicle approaching the first vehicle after a predetermined time. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon determining a lack of communication between the first vehicle and the second vehicle, detect the second vehicle yielding based on vehicle sensor data indicating operation of the second vehicle. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the instructions further include instructions to actuate one or more vehicle components to operate the first vehicle along the two-way road based on detecting the second vehicle yielding. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to actuate one or more vehicle components to stop the first vehicle in the yield area based on one or more dimensions of the yield area being equal to or greater than respective thresholds. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to actuate one or more vehicle components to operate the first vehicle through the yield area based on one or more dimensions of the yield area being less than respective thresholds. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the first vehicle is moving on the two-way road based on vehicle sensor data. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon identifying the yield area, overwrite a stored yield area in the memory. 15. A method comprising:
upon determining a first vehicle is moving on a two-way road in a first direction of travel in an only lane of the two-way road, inputting vehicle sensor data to a first neural network that identifies a yield area along the two-way road via image segmentation; detecting a second vehicle traveling toward the first vehicle on the only lane of the two-way road; and then, upon determining the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle, actuating one or more vehicle components to move the first vehicle to the yield area. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising inputting yield parameters to a second neural network that determines whether the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle, the yield parameters including at least one of dimensions of the yield area, a distance from the first vehicle to the yield area, a terrain of the yield area, a distance traveled along the two-way road, and a number of vehicles behind the first vehicle. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising determining the yield parameters based on vehicle sensor data. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising determining whether the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle based further on a message from the second vehicle specifying whether the first vehicle is to yield to the second vehicle. 19. The method of claim 16, further comprising, upon determining the first vehicle is traveling on the two-way road, receiving weights for the second neural network from a server. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising updating the weights for the second neural network based on the yield parameters and providing the updated weights for the second neural network to the server. | 3,600 |
339,761 | 16,800,717 | 3,634 | A deposit amount managing method includes: a process in which, in response to a request from a terminal machine to which a remittance amount of value and a bank account of a remittee are input, the deposit amount managing device verifies the terminal machine, and if the request is valid, an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the remittance amount to function as an execution of the remittance is displayed on the terminal machine; a process in which, based on the approval at the terminal machine, a request of remitting the remittance amount to the bank account of the remittee from the terminal machine is received; and a process in which, if there is a deposit information storage unit associated with the bank account of the remittee, the remittance amount is transferred from the deposit information storage unit of the sender terminal machine to the deposit information storage unit of the remittee. | 1. A deposit amount managing method for a deposit amount managing device including plural deposit information storage units and accessible to a bank account, comprising the steps of:
in response to a request from a terminal machine to which a remittance amount of value and a bank account of a remittee are input, verifying the terminal machine, and if the request is valid, displaying an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the remittance amount to function as an execution of remittance; based on the approval at the terminal machine, receiving a request from the terminal machine for remitting the remittance amount to a bank account of the remittee; and when there is a deposit information storage unit associated with the bank account of the remittee, transferring the remittance amount from the deposit information storage unit of the sender terminal machine to the deposit information storage unit of the remittee. 2. The deposit amount managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
when there is a deposit information storage unit associated with the bank account of the remittee exists, displaying a selection screen which allows the user to select a bank account of the remittee or the deposit information storage unit associated with the remittee as a remittance target, and based on a selection on the selection screen, transferring the remittance amount from the deposit information storage unit of the sender terminal machine to either the deposit information storage unit of the remittee or the bank account of the remittee. 3. The deposit amount managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
when there is a deposit information storage unit associated with the bank account of the remittee exists, displaying a remittance selection screen which allows the user to select both a bank account of the remittee and the deposit information storage unit associated with the remittee, and causes the user to set a remittance amount in each of the bank account of the remittee and the deposit information storage unit, and based on the setting on the remittance selection screen, the remittance amount is transferred from the deposit information storage unit of the sender terminal machine to the deposit information storage unit of the remittee and the bank account of the remittee. | A deposit amount managing method includes: a process in which, in response to a request from a terminal machine to which a remittance amount of value and a bank account of a remittee are input, the deposit amount managing device verifies the terminal machine, and if the request is valid, an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the remittance amount to function as an execution of the remittance is displayed on the terminal machine; a process in which, based on the approval at the terminal machine, a request of remitting the remittance amount to the bank account of the remittee from the terminal machine is received; and a process in which, if there is a deposit information storage unit associated with the bank account of the remittee, the remittance amount is transferred from the deposit information storage unit of the sender terminal machine to the deposit information storage unit of the remittee.1. A deposit amount managing method for a deposit amount managing device including plural deposit information storage units and accessible to a bank account, comprising the steps of:
in response to a request from a terminal machine to which a remittance amount of value and a bank account of a remittee are input, verifying the terminal machine, and if the request is valid, displaying an approval confirmation screen which causes an approval of the remittance amount to function as an execution of remittance; based on the approval at the terminal machine, receiving a request from the terminal machine for remitting the remittance amount to a bank account of the remittee; and when there is a deposit information storage unit associated with the bank account of the remittee, transferring the remittance amount from the deposit information storage unit of the sender terminal machine to the deposit information storage unit of the remittee. 2. The deposit amount managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
when there is a deposit information storage unit associated with the bank account of the remittee exists, displaying a selection screen which allows the user to select a bank account of the remittee or the deposit information storage unit associated with the remittee as a remittance target, and based on a selection on the selection screen, transferring the remittance amount from the deposit information storage unit of the sender terminal machine to either the deposit information storage unit of the remittee or the bank account of the remittee. 3. The deposit amount managing method according to claim 1, wherein,
when there is a deposit information storage unit associated with the bank account of the remittee exists, displaying a remittance selection screen which allows the user to select both a bank account of the remittee and the deposit information storage unit associated with the remittee, and causes the user to set a remittance amount in each of the bank account of the remittee and the deposit information storage unit, and based on the setting on the remittance selection screen, the remittance amount is transferred from the deposit information storage unit of the sender terminal machine to the deposit information storage unit of the remittee and the bank account of the remittee. | 3,600 |
339,762 | 16,800,716 | 3,641 | A modular precision rifle assembly 150 and a method for configuring rifle components allowing users to change barrel subassemblies 214 (i.e., for a replacement barrel for use with the same ammunition or a barrel configured for shooting a different ammunition caliber or type) includes three main components including a receiver subassembly 212, a barrel subassembly 214 and a forend subassembly 200. The receiver subassembly 212 includes a receiver housing 300 with a central lumen defining a plurality of substantially cylindrical contiguous cavities aligned along a central axis 300CA. The barrel assembly's bore is automatically forced into axial alignment with central axis 300CA when a user tightens a barrel coupler nut 500 against a barrel extension 400 due to the centering force generated when the extension's centering surface 410 bears against the coupler nut's cooperating centering surface 520. | 1. A method for configuring precision rifle components and allowing users to change barrels (i.e., for a replacement barrel for use with the same ammunition or a barrel configured for shooting a different ammunition caliber or type) when in the field comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a receiver subassembly 212 with a receiver housing 300 having a proximal open end and a distal open end connected by central lumen 350 defining a plurality of substantially cylindrical contiguous cavities having selected inside diameters, said contiguous cavities being aligned along a central axis 300CA; wherein said receiver housing has a threaded outside diameter proximate its distal end and said central lumen terminates distally in a first distal coupler-nut receiving cavity having a first larger inside diameter and threaded interior; and wherein said receiver housing central lumen 300CA has a second barrel extension receiving cavity which is coaxially aligned with and terminates distally in said first distal coupler-nut receiving cavity, wherein said second barrel extension receiving cavity has a second inside diameter which is smaller than said first cavity's first inside diameter and, wherein said second barrel extension receiving cavity has a smooth cylindrical interior surface which terminates proximally in a transverse annular bearing surface 352; (b) removing a barrel coupler/nut or retaining nut 500 (if present) from the receiver housing's distal lumen and placing retaining nut 500 over a barrel subassembly's distal end (i.e., the muzzle) and slidably advancing it to the rear, to abut the barrel subassembly's barrel extension's flange; (c) holding or supporting barrel subassembly 214 in a fixed orientation (e.g. clamped in a bench vice in a substantially horizontal orientation) with the barrel extension's half-moon alignment slot 430 in a generally vertical orientation; (d) sliding receiver subassembly or module 212 onto the barrel subassembly's barrel extension 400 and rotating it radially about the central axis 300CA so that the receiver housing's alignment pin 354 is received in and radially aligned by the barrel extension member's half-moon slot 430; and (e) inserting and threadably engaging and fastening the barrel coupler/nut or retaining nut 500 with the threads in the receiver housing's lumen to draw barrel subassembly 214 into axial alignment with and proximally against the receiver subassembly or module's transverse bearing surface 352 while automatically aligning the barrel assembly's bore and receiver's central lumen to be coaxially aligned with a common central axis 300CA. 2. The method for configuring precision rifle components and allowing users to change barrels of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
(f) Inserting an action wrench 390 into the receiver housing's proximal or rear-facing lumen opening and sliding action wrench 390 forwardly or distally so that the action wrench's simulated fixed bolt-head shaped driver or end effector 392 is received by and engages the bolt-lug receiving surfaces 420LBS within the barrel subassembly's barrel extension 420. 3. The method for configuring precision rifle components and allowing users to change barrels of claim 2, further comprising the step of:
(g) Simultaneously applying counter-rotating forces to the action wrench 390 and the barrel coupler/nut or retaining nut 500 to apply a selected amount of torque (e.g., 50 to 100 ft/lbs of torque) to the barrel coupler/nut or retaining nut 500 and tighten it to the receiver housing's cavity surface 352, thereby forcefully and automatically axially aligning and supporting the barrel subassembly on the receiver subassembly or module. 4. The method for configuring precision rifle components and allowing users to change barrels of claim 3, further comprising the step of:
(h) Withdrawing and removing the action wrench 390 rearwardly or proximally from the receiver housing 300 and inserting a bolt assembly 370 (with a bolt head 330 previously headspaced to the newly installed barrel sub assembly 214. 5. The method for configuring precision rifle components and allowing users to change barrels of claim 4, further comprising the step of:
(i) installing a forend subassembly 200 by sliding it over the distal (i.e., muzzle) end of the barrel and slidably advancing it rearwardly or proximally so that the forend subassembly's forend tube nut 210 can be threadably fastened upon the external threads carried on the distal end of the receiver housing 300. | A modular precision rifle assembly 150 and a method for configuring rifle components allowing users to change barrel subassemblies 214 (i.e., for a replacement barrel for use with the same ammunition or a barrel configured for shooting a different ammunition caliber or type) includes three main components including a receiver subassembly 212, a barrel subassembly 214 and a forend subassembly 200. The receiver subassembly 212 includes a receiver housing 300 with a central lumen defining a plurality of substantially cylindrical contiguous cavities aligned along a central axis 300CA. The barrel assembly's bore is automatically forced into axial alignment with central axis 300CA when a user tightens a barrel coupler nut 500 against a barrel extension 400 due to the centering force generated when the extension's centering surface 410 bears against the coupler nut's cooperating centering surface 520.1. A method for configuring precision rifle components and allowing users to change barrels (i.e., for a replacement barrel for use with the same ammunition or a barrel configured for shooting a different ammunition caliber or type) when in the field comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a receiver subassembly 212 with a receiver housing 300 having a proximal open end and a distal open end connected by central lumen 350 defining a plurality of substantially cylindrical contiguous cavities having selected inside diameters, said contiguous cavities being aligned along a central axis 300CA; wherein said receiver housing has a threaded outside diameter proximate its distal end and said central lumen terminates distally in a first distal coupler-nut receiving cavity having a first larger inside diameter and threaded interior; and wherein said receiver housing central lumen 300CA has a second barrel extension receiving cavity which is coaxially aligned with and terminates distally in said first distal coupler-nut receiving cavity, wherein said second barrel extension receiving cavity has a second inside diameter which is smaller than said first cavity's first inside diameter and, wherein said second barrel extension receiving cavity has a smooth cylindrical interior surface which terminates proximally in a transverse annular bearing surface 352; (b) removing a barrel coupler/nut or retaining nut 500 (if present) from the receiver housing's distal lumen and placing retaining nut 500 over a barrel subassembly's distal end (i.e., the muzzle) and slidably advancing it to the rear, to abut the barrel subassembly's barrel extension's flange; (c) holding or supporting barrel subassembly 214 in a fixed orientation (e.g. clamped in a bench vice in a substantially horizontal orientation) with the barrel extension's half-moon alignment slot 430 in a generally vertical orientation; (d) sliding receiver subassembly or module 212 onto the barrel subassembly's barrel extension 400 and rotating it radially about the central axis 300CA so that the receiver housing's alignment pin 354 is received in and radially aligned by the barrel extension member's half-moon slot 430; and (e) inserting and threadably engaging and fastening the barrel coupler/nut or retaining nut 500 with the threads in the receiver housing's lumen to draw barrel subassembly 214 into axial alignment with and proximally against the receiver subassembly or module's transverse bearing surface 352 while automatically aligning the barrel assembly's bore and receiver's central lumen to be coaxially aligned with a common central axis 300CA. 2. The method for configuring precision rifle components and allowing users to change barrels of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
(f) Inserting an action wrench 390 into the receiver housing's proximal or rear-facing lumen opening and sliding action wrench 390 forwardly or distally so that the action wrench's simulated fixed bolt-head shaped driver or end effector 392 is received by and engages the bolt-lug receiving surfaces 420LBS within the barrel subassembly's barrel extension 420. 3. The method for configuring precision rifle components and allowing users to change barrels of claim 2, further comprising the step of:
(g) Simultaneously applying counter-rotating forces to the action wrench 390 and the barrel coupler/nut or retaining nut 500 to apply a selected amount of torque (e.g., 50 to 100 ft/lbs of torque) to the barrel coupler/nut or retaining nut 500 and tighten it to the receiver housing's cavity surface 352, thereby forcefully and automatically axially aligning and supporting the barrel subassembly on the receiver subassembly or module. 4. The method for configuring precision rifle components and allowing users to change barrels of claim 3, further comprising the step of:
(h) Withdrawing and removing the action wrench 390 rearwardly or proximally from the receiver housing 300 and inserting a bolt assembly 370 (with a bolt head 330 previously headspaced to the newly installed barrel sub assembly 214. 5. The method for configuring precision rifle components and allowing users to change barrels of claim 4, further comprising the step of:
(i) installing a forend subassembly 200 by sliding it over the distal (i.e., muzzle) end of the barrel and slidably advancing it rearwardly or proximally so that the forend subassembly's forend tube nut 210 can be threadably fastened upon the external threads carried on the distal end of the receiver housing 300. | 3,600 |
339,763 | 16,800,675 | 3,641 | Aspects of the present invention are directed to system and methods for optimizing identification of locations within a search area using hash values. A hash value represents location information in a single dimension format. Computing points around some location includes calculating an identification boundary that surrounds the location of interest based on the location's hash value. The identification boundary is expanded until it exceeds a search area defined by the location and a distance. Points around the location can be identified based on having associated hash values that fall within the identification boundary. Hashing operations let a system reduce the geometric work (i.e. searching inside boundaries) and processing required, by computing straightforward operations on hash quantities (e.g. searching a linear range of geohashes), instead of, for example, point to point comparisons. | 1.-25. (canceled) 26. A system for optimizing processing of location-based requests, the system comprising:
at least one processor operatively coupled to a memory and configured to:
responsive to a first request to determine one or more locations satisfying a query for matches within a distance of a location, receive a given location for a point of interest and a distance threshold;
generate a geospatial index value for the location;
generate, responsive to the first query request, an identification boundary based on the distance threshold, wherein generation of the identification boundary includes execution of one or more functions to remove at least one least significant digit from the geospatial index value for the location;
access a dataset comprising information indicative of a plurality of locations;
identify at least one location from the plurality of locations that is within the distance threshold from the given location using the identification boundary; and
output the identified at least one location in response to the query. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the identification boundary is based on a binary numeral system or a hexadecimal numeral system. 28. The system of claim 26, wherein the identification boundary comprises a first set of digits representative of a first location value and a second set of digits representative of a second location value. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein the first location value comprises a longitude coordinate and the second location value comprises a latitude coordinate. 30. The system of claim 28, wherein the first set of digits is interwoven with the second set of digits. 31. The system of claim 26, wherein the at least one processor is configured to identify the at least one location at least in part by comparing one or more digits in a value from the identification boundary with one or more digits in values that are representations of at least some of the plurality of locations in the numeral system. 32. The system of claim 26, wherein the at least one processor is configured to identify the at least one location at least in part by computing dimensions of the identification boundary based, at least in part, on a number of digits in a representation of the identification boundary. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the at least one processor is configured to identify the at least one location from the dataset at least in part by determining whether the dimensions of the identification boundary, at least, intersect with an outer bound of a search area defined by the given location for the point of interest and the distance threshold. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine whether the dimensions of the identification boundary, at least, intersect with the outer bound of the search area at least in part by determining whether at least one condition is true, wherein the at least one condition comprises a condition selected from the group consisting of:
an abscissa of a lower left corner of the identification boundary is less than the abscissa of the search area's center minus the distance threshold; the abscissa an of upper-right corner of the identification boundary is greater than an abscissa of the search area's center plus the distance threshold; the ordinate of a lower-left corner of the identification boundary is less than an ordinate of the search area's center minus the distance threshold; and an ordinate of an upper-right corner of the identification boundary is greater than the ordinate search area's center plus the distance threshold. 35. The system of claim 26, wherein the at least one processor is configured to remove the at least one least significant digit from the identification boundary at least in part by:
identifying a number of digits to remove from the geospatial index that is proportional to a magnitude of the distance threshold; and removing a number of least significant digits from the geospatial index that is equal to the identified number of digits. 36. A computer implemented method for optimizing processing of location-based requests, the method comprising act of:
receiving, by a computer system, a given location for a point of interest and a distance threshold, responsive to a first request to determine one or more locations satisfying a query for matches within a distance of a location; generating, by the computer system, a geospatial index value for the location; generating, by the computer system, an identification boundary based on the distance threshold, responsive to the first query request, wherein generation of the identification boundary includes removing, by the computer system, at least one least significant digit from the geospatial index value; accessing, by the computer system, a dataset comprising information indicative of a plurality of locations; identifying, by the computer system, at least one location from the plurality of locations that is within the distance threshold from the given location using the identification boundary; and outputting, by the computer system, the identified at least one location from the dataset that is within the distance from the given location for the point of interest in response to the query. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the identification boundary comprises a first set of digits representative of a first location value and a second set of digits representative of a second location value. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the first location value comprises a longitude coordinate and the second location value comprises a latitude coordinate. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the first set of digits is interwoven with the second set of digits in the representation of the given location in the numeral system. 40. The method of claim 36, wherein identifying the at least one location from the dataset comprises comparing one or more digits in the identification boundary with one or more digits in values that are representations of at least some of the plurality of locations. 41. The method of claim 36, wherein identifying the at least one location from the dataset comprises computing dimensions of the identification boundary based, at least in part, on a number of digits in a representation of the identification boundary. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein identifying the at least one location from the dataset comprises determining whether the dimensions of the identification boundary, at least, intersect with an outer bound of the search area. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein determining whether the dimensions of the identification boundary, at least, intersect with the outer bound of the search area comprises determining whether at least one condition is true, wherein the at least one condition comprises a condition selected from the group consisting of:
an abscissa of a lower left corner of the identification boundary is less than the abscissa of the search area's center minus the distance threshold; the abscissa an of upper-right corner of the identification boundary is greater than an abscissa of the search area's center plus the distance threshold; the ordinate of a lower-left corner of the identification boundary is less than an ordinate of the search area's center minus the distance threshold; and an ordinate of an upper-right corner of the identification boundary is greater than the ordinate search area's center plus the distance threshold. 44. The method of claim 36, wherein removing at least one least significant digit from the geospatial index comprises:
identifying a number of digits to remove from the geospatial index that is proportional to a magnitude of the distance threshold; and removing a number of least significant digits from the geospatial index that is equal to the identified number of digits. 45. The system of claim 26, wherein the at least one processor is configured to remove the at least one significant digit based a set of functions that include a function to set at least one low order bit to a zero value. 46. The method of claim 36, wherein removing the at least one significant digit includes setting at least one low order bit to a zero value. | Aspects of the present invention are directed to system and methods for optimizing identification of locations within a search area using hash values. A hash value represents location information in a single dimension format. Computing points around some location includes calculating an identification boundary that surrounds the location of interest based on the location's hash value. The identification boundary is expanded until it exceeds a search area defined by the location and a distance. Points around the location can be identified based on having associated hash values that fall within the identification boundary. Hashing operations let a system reduce the geometric work (i.e. searching inside boundaries) and processing required, by computing straightforward operations on hash quantities (e.g. searching a linear range of geohashes), instead of, for example, point to point comparisons.1.-25. (canceled) 26. A system for optimizing processing of location-based requests, the system comprising:
at least one processor operatively coupled to a memory and configured to:
responsive to a first request to determine one or more locations satisfying a query for matches within a distance of a location, receive a given location for a point of interest and a distance threshold;
generate a geospatial index value for the location;
generate, responsive to the first query request, an identification boundary based on the distance threshold, wherein generation of the identification boundary includes execution of one or more functions to remove at least one least significant digit from the geospatial index value for the location;
access a dataset comprising information indicative of a plurality of locations;
identify at least one location from the plurality of locations that is within the distance threshold from the given location using the identification boundary; and
output the identified at least one location in response to the query. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the identification boundary is based on a binary numeral system or a hexadecimal numeral system. 28. The system of claim 26, wherein the identification boundary comprises a first set of digits representative of a first location value and a second set of digits representative of a second location value. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein the first location value comprises a longitude coordinate and the second location value comprises a latitude coordinate. 30. The system of claim 28, wherein the first set of digits is interwoven with the second set of digits. 31. The system of claim 26, wherein the at least one processor is configured to identify the at least one location at least in part by comparing one or more digits in a value from the identification boundary with one or more digits in values that are representations of at least some of the plurality of locations in the numeral system. 32. The system of claim 26, wherein the at least one processor is configured to identify the at least one location at least in part by computing dimensions of the identification boundary based, at least in part, on a number of digits in a representation of the identification boundary. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the at least one processor is configured to identify the at least one location from the dataset at least in part by determining whether the dimensions of the identification boundary, at least, intersect with an outer bound of a search area defined by the given location for the point of interest and the distance threshold. 34. The system of claim 33, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine whether the dimensions of the identification boundary, at least, intersect with the outer bound of the search area at least in part by determining whether at least one condition is true, wherein the at least one condition comprises a condition selected from the group consisting of:
an abscissa of a lower left corner of the identification boundary is less than the abscissa of the search area's center minus the distance threshold; the abscissa an of upper-right corner of the identification boundary is greater than an abscissa of the search area's center plus the distance threshold; the ordinate of a lower-left corner of the identification boundary is less than an ordinate of the search area's center minus the distance threshold; and an ordinate of an upper-right corner of the identification boundary is greater than the ordinate search area's center plus the distance threshold. 35. The system of claim 26, wherein the at least one processor is configured to remove the at least one least significant digit from the identification boundary at least in part by:
identifying a number of digits to remove from the geospatial index that is proportional to a magnitude of the distance threshold; and removing a number of least significant digits from the geospatial index that is equal to the identified number of digits. 36. A computer implemented method for optimizing processing of location-based requests, the method comprising act of:
receiving, by a computer system, a given location for a point of interest and a distance threshold, responsive to a first request to determine one or more locations satisfying a query for matches within a distance of a location; generating, by the computer system, a geospatial index value for the location; generating, by the computer system, an identification boundary based on the distance threshold, responsive to the first query request, wherein generation of the identification boundary includes removing, by the computer system, at least one least significant digit from the geospatial index value; accessing, by the computer system, a dataset comprising information indicative of a plurality of locations; identifying, by the computer system, at least one location from the plurality of locations that is within the distance threshold from the given location using the identification boundary; and outputting, by the computer system, the identified at least one location from the dataset that is within the distance from the given location for the point of interest in response to the query. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the identification boundary comprises a first set of digits representative of a first location value and a second set of digits representative of a second location value. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the first location value comprises a longitude coordinate and the second location value comprises a latitude coordinate. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the first set of digits is interwoven with the second set of digits in the representation of the given location in the numeral system. 40. The method of claim 36, wherein identifying the at least one location from the dataset comprises comparing one or more digits in the identification boundary with one or more digits in values that are representations of at least some of the plurality of locations. 41. The method of claim 36, wherein identifying the at least one location from the dataset comprises computing dimensions of the identification boundary based, at least in part, on a number of digits in a representation of the identification boundary. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein identifying the at least one location from the dataset comprises determining whether the dimensions of the identification boundary, at least, intersect with an outer bound of the search area. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein determining whether the dimensions of the identification boundary, at least, intersect with the outer bound of the search area comprises determining whether at least one condition is true, wherein the at least one condition comprises a condition selected from the group consisting of:
an abscissa of a lower left corner of the identification boundary is less than the abscissa of the search area's center minus the distance threshold; the abscissa an of upper-right corner of the identification boundary is greater than an abscissa of the search area's center plus the distance threshold; the ordinate of a lower-left corner of the identification boundary is less than an ordinate of the search area's center minus the distance threshold; and an ordinate of an upper-right corner of the identification boundary is greater than the ordinate search area's center plus the distance threshold. 44. The method of claim 36, wherein removing at least one least significant digit from the geospatial index comprises:
identifying a number of digits to remove from the geospatial index that is proportional to a magnitude of the distance threshold; and removing a number of least significant digits from the geospatial index that is equal to the identified number of digits. 45. The system of claim 26, wherein the at least one processor is configured to remove the at least one significant digit based a set of functions that include a function to set at least one low order bit to a zero value. 46. The method of claim 36, wherein removing the at least one significant digit includes setting at least one low order bit to a zero value. | 3,600 |
339,764 | 16,800,708 | 2,853 | where in formula (1), 0<x,y,z<1 and x+y+z=1. | 1. A piezoelectric element comprising:
a first electrode disposed at a base body; a second electrode; and a piezoelectric layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the piezoelectric layer includes
a first piezoelectric layer containing a complex oxide having a perovskite structure that contains lead, zirconium, and titanium and
a second piezoelectric layer containing a complex oxide having a perovskite structure that is denoted by formula (1) below, and
the first piezoelectric layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second piezoelectric layer and is preferentially oriented to (100) when a crystal structure of the first piezoelectric layer is assumed to be pseudo-cubic,
xPb(Mg,Nb)O3-yPbZrO3-zPbTiO3 (1) 2. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein
in formula (1), 0.06≤x≤0.23, 0.32≤y≤0.55, and 0.32≤z≤0.54. 3. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1, further comprising
a layer that is disposed between the first electrode and the first piezoelectric layer and that contains titanium. 4. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein
the second piezoelectric layer is preferentially oriented to (100) when a crystal structure of the second piezoelectric layer is assumed to be pseudo-cubic. 5. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
the piezoelectric element according to claim 1; and a nozzle plate having a nozzle hole that ejects a liquid, wherein the base body includes
a pressure generation chamber, a volume of which is changed by the piezoelectric element and
a flow-passage-forming substrate having a feed passage that feeds the liquid to the pressure generation chamber, and
the nozzle hole is in communication with the pressure generation chamber. 6. A printer comprising:
the liquid ejecting head according to claim 5; a transport mechanism that moves a recording medium relative to the liquid ejecting head, and a controller that controls the liquid ejecting head and the transport mechanism. | where in formula (1), 0<x,y,z<1 and x+y+z=1.1. A piezoelectric element comprising:
a first electrode disposed at a base body; a second electrode; and a piezoelectric layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the piezoelectric layer includes
a first piezoelectric layer containing a complex oxide having a perovskite structure that contains lead, zirconium, and titanium and
a second piezoelectric layer containing a complex oxide having a perovskite structure that is denoted by formula (1) below, and
the first piezoelectric layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second piezoelectric layer and is preferentially oriented to (100) when a crystal structure of the first piezoelectric layer is assumed to be pseudo-cubic,
xPb(Mg,Nb)O3-yPbZrO3-zPbTiO3 (1) 2. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein
in formula (1), 0.06≤x≤0.23, 0.32≤y≤0.55, and 0.32≤z≤0.54. 3. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1, further comprising
a layer that is disposed between the first electrode and the first piezoelectric layer and that contains titanium. 4. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein
the second piezoelectric layer is preferentially oriented to (100) when a crystal structure of the second piezoelectric layer is assumed to be pseudo-cubic. 5. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
the piezoelectric element according to claim 1; and a nozzle plate having a nozzle hole that ejects a liquid, wherein the base body includes
a pressure generation chamber, a volume of which is changed by the piezoelectric element and
a flow-passage-forming substrate having a feed passage that feeds the liquid to the pressure generation chamber, and
the nozzle hole is in communication with the pressure generation chamber. 6. A printer comprising:
the liquid ejecting head according to claim 5; a transport mechanism that moves a recording medium relative to the liquid ejecting head, and a controller that controls the liquid ejecting head and the transport mechanism. | 2,800 |
339,765 | 16,800,741 | 2,853 | A method includes determining an orientation and position of a moving polarization target based at least in part on a first image of the polarization target captured by a polarization camera and on a recorded polarization of the light that formed the first image. | 1. A method comprising:
with a first polarization camera, capturing a first image of a first polarization target and recording polarization of light that formed the first image, the first polarization target placed on a moving object; with a processing system, determining a first orientation and a first position of the first polarization target based at least in part on the captured first image and the recorded polarization of the light that formed the first image; and storing the first orientation and the first position. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
with the first polarization camera, further capturing a second polarization target in the first image; and
with the processing system, determining a second position of the second polarization target based at least in part on the captured first image and the recorded polarization of the light that formed the first image. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the moving object is a robot end effector coupled to a robot. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
moving the first polarization target;
with the first polarization camera, capturing a second image of the first polarization target and recording polarization of light that formed the second image; and
with the processing system, determining a second orientation and a second position of the first polarization target based at least in part on the captured second image and the recorded polarization of light that formed the second image. 5. A method of claim 3 further comprising:
moving the first polarization target in response to first control signals sent to the robot;
with the first polarization camera, capturing a second image of the first polarization target and recording polarization of light that formed the second image;
with the processing system, determining a second orientation and a second position of the first polarization target based at least in part on the captured second image and the recorded polarization of the light that formed the second image; and
with the processing system, recording first movement of the first polarization target in response to the first control signals, the first movement being from the first position and the first orientation to the second position and the second orientation. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
sending second control signals to the robot, the second control signals based at least in part on a desired third position of the first polarization target and on the recorded first movement of the first polarization target. 7. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
further moving the first polarization target in response to a plurality of additional control signals following the first control signals;
with the first polarization camera, capturing a plurality of additional images following the second image and recording polarization of light that formed the plurality of additional images;
with the processing system, determining an orientation and a position for each of the plurality of additional images;
with the processing system, determining a calibration map for the robot end effector, the calibration map indicating a movement of the robot end effector in response to a control signal; and
storing the calibration map. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising directing movement of the robot end effector further based at least in part on the calibration map. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising monitoring observed movement of the first polarization target and reporting differences between the observed movement and the movement as predicted by the calibration map. 10. The method of claim 3 wherein the robot end effector holds a machining tool. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the machining tool is a milling tool used to remove portions of a metal, wood, or plastic material. 12. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
with a second polarization camera, capturing a second image of the first polarization target and recording polarization of light that formed the second image; and
with the processing system, determining the first orientation and the first position of the first polarization target further based on the captured second image and the recorded polarization of the light that formed the second image. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
with the processing system, determining the first orientation and the first position of the first polarization target further based on a relative transformation between the first polarization camera and the second polarization camera. 14. The method of claim 1 further wherein the moving object is a cart or vehicle. 15. A method comprising:
with a first polarization camera, capturing a first image of a first polarization target and recording polarization of light that formed the first image, the first polarization camera being placed on a moving object; with a processing system, determining a first orientation and a first position of the first polarization camera based at least in part on the captured first image and the recorded polarization of the light that formed the first image; and storing the first orientation and the first position. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the first polarization target is stationary. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein the first polarization target is placed on a moving object and wherein the first orientation and the first position of the of the first polarization target are determined in relation to the moving first polarization camera. | A method includes determining an orientation and position of a moving polarization target based at least in part on a first image of the polarization target captured by a polarization camera and on a recorded polarization of the light that formed the first image.1. A method comprising:
with a first polarization camera, capturing a first image of a first polarization target and recording polarization of light that formed the first image, the first polarization target placed on a moving object; with a processing system, determining a first orientation and a first position of the first polarization target based at least in part on the captured first image and the recorded polarization of the light that formed the first image; and storing the first orientation and the first position. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
with the first polarization camera, further capturing a second polarization target in the first image; and
with the processing system, determining a second position of the second polarization target based at least in part on the captured first image and the recorded polarization of the light that formed the first image. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the moving object is a robot end effector coupled to a robot. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
moving the first polarization target;
with the first polarization camera, capturing a second image of the first polarization target and recording polarization of light that formed the second image; and
with the processing system, determining a second orientation and a second position of the first polarization target based at least in part on the captured second image and the recorded polarization of light that formed the second image. 5. A method of claim 3 further comprising:
moving the first polarization target in response to first control signals sent to the robot;
with the first polarization camera, capturing a second image of the first polarization target and recording polarization of light that formed the second image;
with the processing system, determining a second orientation and a second position of the first polarization target based at least in part on the captured second image and the recorded polarization of the light that formed the second image; and
with the processing system, recording first movement of the first polarization target in response to the first control signals, the first movement being from the first position and the first orientation to the second position and the second orientation. 6. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
sending second control signals to the robot, the second control signals based at least in part on a desired third position of the first polarization target and on the recorded first movement of the first polarization target. 7. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
further moving the first polarization target in response to a plurality of additional control signals following the first control signals;
with the first polarization camera, capturing a plurality of additional images following the second image and recording polarization of light that formed the plurality of additional images;
with the processing system, determining an orientation and a position for each of the plurality of additional images;
with the processing system, determining a calibration map for the robot end effector, the calibration map indicating a movement of the robot end effector in response to a control signal; and
storing the calibration map. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising directing movement of the robot end effector further based at least in part on the calibration map. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising monitoring observed movement of the first polarization target and reporting differences between the observed movement and the movement as predicted by the calibration map. 10. The method of claim 3 wherein the robot end effector holds a machining tool. 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the machining tool is a milling tool used to remove portions of a metal, wood, or plastic material. 12. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
with a second polarization camera, capturing a second image of the first polarization target and recording polarization of light that formed the second image; and
with the processing system, determining the first orientation and the first position of the first polarization target further based on the captured second image and the recorded polarization of the light that formed the second image. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
with the processing system, determining the first orientation and the first position of the first polarization target further based on a relative transformation between the first polarization camera and the second polarization camera. 14. The method of claim 1 further wherein the moving object is a cart or vehicle. 15. A method comprising:
with a first polarization camera, capturing a first image of a first polarization target and recording polarization of light that formed the first image, the first polarization camera being placed on a moving object; with a processing system, determining a first orientation and a first position of the first polarization camera based at least in part on the captured first image and the recorded polarization of the light that formed the first image; and storing the first orientation and the first position. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the first polarization target is stationary. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein the first polarization target is placed on a moving object and wherein the first orientation and the first position of the of the first polarization target are determined in relation to the moving first polarization camera. | 2,800 |
339,766 | 16,800,728 | 2,853 | A medium transport device includes a transport unit configured to transport a medium in a transport direction, a winding unit configured to wind the medium, a tension applying unit configured to apply a tension to the medium between the transport unit and the winding unit, a drive unit configured to drive the tension applying unit, and a controller configured to control the drive unit, in which the controller is configured to control the drive unit such that an application of the tension by the tension applying unit is released at a time when a subsequent transport operation by the transport unit is started after a termination of an winding operation of the medium by the winding unit. | 1. A medium transport device comprising:
a transport unit configured to perform transport operation to transport a medium; a winding unit configured to wind the medium transported by the transport unit; a tension applying unit configured to apply a tension to the medium between the transport unit and the winding unit; a drive unit configured to drive the tension applying unit; and a controller configured to control the drive unit, wherein the controller is configured to, after a termination of a winding operation of the medium by the winding unit, control the drive unit such that an application of the tension by the tension applying unit is released at a time when a subsequent transport operation by the transport unit is started. 2. The medium transport device according to claim 1, wherein the tension applying unit includes a shaft member configured to abut the medium, and
the controller is configured to control the drive unit such that a stop position of the shaft member, after a release of the tension, coincides with a predetermined target position. 3. The medium transport device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the drive unit such that the tension is applied to the medium while the winding unit performs the winding operation of the medium. 4. The medium transport device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is configured to start driving the winding unit based on an amount of the medium transported by the transport unit. 5. The medium transport device according to claim 1, comprising:
a holding unit configured to hold the shaft member at a retracted position at which the shaft member is retracted, wherein the controller is configured to control the drive unit such that the tension is released such that the shaft member does not reach the holding unit. 6. The medium transport device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is configured to control the drive unit such that a moving speed, at which the shaft member moves toward the medium to return to a tension applying position after a release of the tension, is within a predetermined range. 7. A recording device, comprising:
a recording unit configured to perform recording onto the medium; and the medium transport device according to claim 1. 8. The recording device according to claim 7, wherein
the controller is programmed to be performed following operations: the winding unit performs, in a state where the recording unit and the transport unit are stopped, the winding operation in a tension applying state where the tension by the tension applying unit is applied to the medium, the winding unit is stopped to terminate the winding operation, change the tension to a tension released state where the tension is not applied to the medium, the transport operation by the transport unit is started in the tension released state, and recording by the recording unit is performed, and when an amount of the medium transported reaches a predetermined amount, the tension released state is changed to the tension applying state, and the winding operation of the medium by the winding unit is performed in a state where the recording unit and the transport unit are stopped. 9. A medium transport method in a recording device, the recording device including:
a transport unit configured to transport a medium in a transport direction; a winding unit configured to wind the medium; and a tension applying unit configured to apply a tension to the medium between the transport unit and the winding unit; the medium transport method comprising: performing transport operation of the medium; winding the medium; and releasing the tension at a time of performing subsequent transport operation of the medium after winding the medium. | A medium transport device includes a transport unit configured to transport a medium in a transport direction, a winding unit configured to wind the medium, a tension applying unit configured to apply a tension to the medium between the transport unit and the winding unit, a drive unit configured to drive the tension applying unit, and a controller configured to control the drive unit, in which the controller is configured to control the drive unit such that an application of the tension by the tension applying unit is released at a time when a subsequent transport operation by the transport unit is started after a termination of an winding operation of the medium by the winding unit.1. A medium transport device comprising:
a transport unit configured to perform transport operation to transport a medium; a winding unit configured to wind the medium transported by the transport unit; a tension applying unit configured to apply a tension to the medium between the transport unit and the winding unit; a drive unit configured to drive the tension applying unit; and a controller configured to control the drive unit, wherein the controller is configured to, after a termination of a winding operation of the medium by the winding unit, control the drive unit such that an application of the tension by the tension applying unit is released at a time when a subsequent transport operation by the transport unit is started. 2. The medium transport device according to claim 1, wherein the tension applying unit includes a shaft member configured to abut the medium, and
the controller is configured to control the drive unit such that a stop position of the shaft member, after a release of the tension, coincides with a predetermined target position. 3. The medium transport device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the drive unit such that the tension is applied to the medium while the winding unit performs the winding operation of the medium. 4. The medium transport device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is configured to start driving the winding unit based on an amount of the medium transported by the transport unit. 5. The medium transport device according to claim 1, comprising:
a holding unit configured to hold the shaft member at a retracted position at which the shaft member is retracted, wherein the controller is configured to control the drive unit such that the tension is released such that the shaft member does not reach the holding unit. 6. The medium transport device according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is configured to control the drive unit such that a moving speed, at which the shaft member moves toward the medium to return to a tension applying position after a release of the tension, is within a predetermined range. 7. A recording device, comprising:
a recording unit configured to perform recording onto the medium; and the medium transport device according to claim 1. 8. The recording device according to claim 7, wherein
the controller is programmed to be performed following operations: the winding unit performs, in a state where the recording unit and the transport unit are stopped, the winding operation in a tension applying state where the tension by the tension applying unit is applied to the medium, the winding unit is stopped to terminate the winding operation, change the tension to a tension released state where the tension is not applied to the medium, the transport operation by the transport unit is started in the tension released state, and recording by the recording unit is performed, and when an amount of the medium transported reaches a predetermined amount, the tension released state is changed to the tension applying state, and the winding operation of the medium by the winding unit is performed in a state where the recording unit and the transport unit are stopped. 9. A medium transport method in a recording device, the recording device including:
a transport unit configured to transport a medium in a transport direction; a winding unit configured to wind the medium; and a tension applying unit configured to apply a tension to the medium between the transport unit and the winding unit; the medium transport method comprising: performing transport operation of the medium; winding the medium; and releasing the tension at a time of performing subsequent transport operation of the medium after winding the medium. | 2,800 |
339,767 | 16,800,738 | 2,853 | A rotary electric machine unit includes: a rotary electric machine; and a case that accommodates the rotary electric machine. The rotary electric machine includes: a stator core; a multi-phase coil that is attached to the stator core, a conductive member holder that collectively holds a conductive member connected to a coil end of the multi-phase coil and is disposed outside the coil end in a radial direction; and a terminal block that is fixed to a fastening surface of the case and electrically connects a terminal portion of a power distribution member with a terminal portion of the conductive member. The terminal block is disposed outside the conductive member holder in the radial direction, and at least a part of the terminal block overlaps the conductive member holder in the radial direction. | 1. A rotary electric machine unit comprising:
a rotary electric machine: and a case that accommodates the rotary electric machine wherein: the rotary electric machine includes:
a stator core;
a multi-phase coil that is attached to the stator core;
a conductive member holder that collectively holds a conductive member connected to a coil end of the multi-phase coil and is disposed outside the coil end in a radial direction; and
a terminal block that is fixed to a fastening surface of the case and electrically connects a terminal portion of a power distribution member with a terminal portion of the conductive member: and
the terminal block is disposed outside the conductive member holder in the radial direction, and at least a part of the terminal block overlaps the conductive member holder in the radial direction. 2. The rotary electric machine unit according to claim 1, wherein
the terminal portion of the power distribution member and the terminal portion of the conductive member are disposed on a pedestal surface of the terminal block on a side opposite to the fastening surface, and are fixed by a fixing member. 3. The rotary electric machine unit according to claim 2, wherein:
the terminal block includes a fixing portion fixed to the fastening surface; and the fixing portion and the pedestal surface overlap the conductive member holder in the radial direction. 4. The rotary electric machine unit according to claim 3, wherein:
the fastening surface of the case is provided with a guide protrusion; and the fixing portion of the terminal block is provided with a guide portion guided by the guide protrusion. 5. The rotary electric machine unit according to claim 4, wherein:
the fastening surface of the case is provided with an abutting surface; and the fixing portion of the terminal block is provided with an abutting portion that abuts against the abutting surface at the mounting position when the terminal block is moved from an initial position to a mounting position. | A rotary electric machine unit includes: a rotary electric machine; and a case that accommodates the rotary electric machine. The rotary electric machine includes: a stator core; a multi-phase coil that is attached to the stator core, a conductive member holder that collectively holds a conductive member connected to a coil end of the multi-phase coil and is disposed outside the coil end in a radial direction; and a terminal block that is fixed to a fastening surface of the case and electrically connects a terminal portion of a power distribution member with a terminal portion of the conductive member. The terminal block is disposed outside the conductive member holder in the radial direction, and at least a part of the terminal block overlaps the conductive member holder in the radial direction.1. A rotary electric machine unit comprising:
a rotary electric machine: and a case that accommodates the rotary electric machine wherein: the rotary electric machine includes:
a stator core;
a multi-phase coil that is attached to the stator core;
a conductive member holder that collectively holds a conductive member connected to a coil end of the multi-phase coil and is disposed outside the coil end in a radial direction; and
a terminal block that is fixed to a fastening surface of the case and electrically connects a terminal portion of a power distribution member with a terminal portion of the conductive member: and
the terminal block is disposed outside the conductive member holder in the radial direction, and at least a part of the terminal block overlaps the conductive member holder in the radial direction. 2. The rotary electric machine unit according to claim 1, wherein
the terminal portion of the power distribution member and the terminal portion of the conductive member are disposed on a pedestal surface of the terminal block on a side opposite to the fastening surface, and are fixed by a fixing member. 3. The rotary electric machine unit according to claim 2, wherein:
the terminal block includes a fixing portion fixed to the fastening surface; and the fixing portion and the pedestal surface overlap the conductive member holder in the radial direction. 4. The rotary electric machine unit according to claim 3, wherein:
the fastening surface of the case is provided with a guide protrusion; and the fixing portion of the terminal block is provided with a guide portion guided by the guide protrusion. 5. The rotary electric machine unit according to claim 4, wherein:
the fastening surface of the case is provided with an abutting surface; and the fixing portion of the terminal block is provided with an abutting portion that abuts against the abutting surface at the mounting position when the terminal block is moved from an initial position to a mounting position. | 2,800 |
339,768 | 16,800,707 | 2,853 | A dielectric filter includes a plurality of resonators, wherein each resonator included in the plurality of resonators includes a tuning hole; and at least one stepped hole for adjusting capacitive coupling, wherein the at least one stepped hole is disposed between two adjacent resonators included in the plurality of the resonators, wherein the stepped hole comprises a large hole and a small through hole at a bottom center of the large hole, wherein a first sidewall and a first annular bottom of the large hole are configured with a metal conductive layer, and wherein at least one of a second sidewall of the small through hole and a second annular portion outside a bottom of the small through hole is not covered with the conductive layer. | 1. A dielectric filter, comprising:
a plurality of resonators, wherein each resonator included in the plurality of resonators comprises a tuning hole; and at least one stepped hole for adjusting capacitive coupling, wherein the at least one stepped hole is disposed between two adjacent resonators included in the plurality of the resonators, wherein the stepped hole comprises a large hole and a small through hole at a bottom center of the large hole, wherein a first sidewall and a first annular bottom of the large hole are configured with a metal conductive layer, and wherein at least one of a second sidewall of the small through hole and a second annular portion outside a bottom of the small through hole is not covered with the conductive layer. 2. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein capacitive coupling between a first resonator on a first side of the stepped hole and a second resonator on a second side opposite to the first side of the stepped hole is adjusted by reducing an amount of capacitive coupling between the first resonator and the second resonator by reducing an area of the metal conductive layer on the first sidewall of the large hole of at least one stepped hole. 3. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein capacitive coupling between a first resonator on a first side of the stepped hole and a second resonator on a second side opposite to the first side of the stepped hole is adjusted by increasing an amount of capacitive coupling between the first resonator and the second resonator by reducing an area of the metal conductive layer at the bottom of the large hole of at least one stepped hole. 4. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein capacitive coupling between a first resonator on a first side of the stepped hole and a second resonator on a second side opposite to the first side of the stepped hole is adjusted by increasing an amount of capacitive coupling between the first resonator and the second resonator by increasing a diameter of the second annular portion, in a case when the second annular portion outside the bottom of the small through hole of at least one stepped hole is not covered with the conductive layer. 5. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein each tuning hole comprised in each resonator is a blind hole in a vertical direction and has an opening on an upper surface of each resonator, and
wherein the at least one stepped hole is located between two adjacent tuning holes included in the plurality of the resonators, the at least one stepped hole is a through hole in the vertical direction, and the large hole of the at least one stepped hole has at least one opening on at least one upper surface of at least one resonator included in the plurality of resonators. 6. The dielectric filter of claim 5, wherein a shielding layer is configured on the at least one upper surface of at least one resonator included in the plurality of resonators, and
wherein the shielding layer covers the at least one opening of the large hole on the at least one upper surface of the at least one resonator included in the plurality of resonators, and covers each opening of each tuning hole on the upper surface of each resonator. 7. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein a depth of the large hole is greater than a depth of the tuning hole included in each resonator, or
a depth of the small through hole is less than the depth of the large hole. 8. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein a diameter of the large hole is approximately equal to a diameter of the tuning hole included in each resonator, or
a diameter of the small through hole is less than one-half of the diameter of the large hole. 9. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein the plurality of resonators further comprises a first resonator, a tail resonator, and at least one series resonator connected in series between the first resonator and the tail resonator,
wherein a first stepped hole is provided between the first resonator and the adjacent resonator, and wherein a second stepped hole is provided between the tail resonator and the adjacent resonator. 10. The dielectric filter of claim 9, wherein six resonators included in the plurality of resonators are connected in series between the first resonator and the tail resonator. 11. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein the stepped hole located between two adjacent resonators forms a resonant cavity. 12. The dielectric filter of claim 10, wherein the first resonator and the at least one series resonator are negatively coupled. 13. The dielectric filter of claim 10, wherein the tail resonator and the at least one series resonator are positively coupled. 14. A dielectric filter, comprising:
a plurality of resonators including a first resonator, a tail resonator, a second resonator connected in series between the first resonator and the tail resonator, and a third resonator connected in series between the first resonator and the tail resonator; a first stepped hole provided between the first resonator and the second resonator; and a second stepped hole provided between the tail resonator and the second resonator. | A dielectric filter includes a plurality of resonators, wherein each resonator included in the plurality of resonators includes a tuning hole; and at least one stepped hole for adjusting capacitive coupling, wherein the at least one stepped hole is disposed between two adjacent resonators included in the plurality of the resonators, wherein the stepped hole comprises a large hole and a small through hole at a bottom center of the large hole, wherein a first sidewall and a first annular bottom of the large hole are configured with a metal conductive layer, and wherein at least one of a second sidewall of the small through hole and a second annular portion outside a bottom of the small through hole is not covered with the conductive layer.1. A dielectric filter, comprising:
a plurality of resonators, wherein each resonator included in the plurality of resonators comprises a tuning hole; and at least one stepped hole for adjusting capacitive coupling, wherein the at least one stepped hole is disposed between two adjacent resonators included in the plurality of the resonators, wherein the stepped hole comprises a large hole and a small through hole at a bottom center of the large hole, wherein a first sidewall and a first annular bottom of the large hole are configured with a metal conductive layer, and wherein at least one of a second sidewall of the small through hole and a second annular portion outside a bottom of the small through hole is not covered with the conductive layer. 2. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein capacitive coupling between a first resonator on a first side of the stepped hole and a second resonator on a second side opposite to the first side of the stepped hole is adjusted by reducing an amount of capacitive coupling between the first resonator and the second resonator by reducing an area of the metal conductive layer on the first sidewall of the large hole of at least one stepped hole. 3. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein capacitive coupling between a first resonator on a first side of the stepped hole and a second resonator on a second side opposite to the first side of the stepped hole is adjusted by increasing an amount of capacitive coupling between the first resonator and the second resonator by reducing an area of the metal conductive layer at the bottom of the large hole of at least one stepped hole. 4. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein capacitive coupling between a first resonator on a first side of the stepped hole and a second resonator on a second side opposite to the first side of the stepped hole is adjusted by increasing an amount of capacitive coupling between the first resonator and the second resonator by increasing a diameter of the second annular portion, in a case when the second annular portion outside the bottom of the small through hole of at least one stepped hole is not covered with the conductive layer. 5. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein each tuning hole comprised in each resonator is a blind hole in a vertical direction and has an opening on an upper surface of each resonator, and
wherein the at least one stepped hole is located between two adjacent tuning holes included in the plurality of the resonators, the at least one stepped hole is a through hole in the vertical direction, and the large hole of the at least one stepped hole has at least one opening on at least one upper surface of at least one resonator included in the plurality of resonators. 6. The dielectric filter of claim 5, wherein a shielding layer is configured on the at least one upper surface of at least one resonator included in the plurality of resonators, and
wherein the shielding layer covers the at least one opening of the large hole on the at least one upper surface of the at least one resonator included in the plurality of resonators, and covers each opening of each tuning hole on the upper surface of each resonator. 7. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein a depth of the large hole is greater than a depth of the tuning hole included in each resonator, or
a depth of the small through hole is less than the depth of the large hole. 8. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein a diameter of the large hole is approximately equal to a diameter of the tuning hole included in each resonator, or
a diameter of the small through hole is less than one-half of the diameter of the large hole. 9. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein the plurality of resonators further comprises a first resonator, a tail resonator, and at least one series resonator connected in series between the first resonator and the tail resonator,
wherein a first stepped hole is provided between the first resonator and the adjacent resonator, and wherein a second stepped hole is provided between the tail resonator and the adjacent resonator. 10. The dielectric filter of claim 9, wherein six resonators included in the plurality of resonators are connected in series between the first resonator and the tail resonator. 11. The dielectric filter of claim 1, wherein the stepped hole located between two adjacent resonators forms a resonant cavity. 12. The dielectric filter of claim 10, wherein the first resonator and the at least one series resonator are negatively coupled. 13. The dielectric filter of claim 10, wherein the tail resonator and the at least one series resonator are positively coupled. 14. A dielectric filter, comprising:
a plurality of resonators including a first resonator, a tail resonator, a second resonator connected in series between the first resonator and the tail resonator, and a third resonator connected in series between the first resonator and the tail resonator; a first stepped hole provided between the first resonator and the second resonator; and a second stepped hole provided between the tail resonator and the second resonator. | 2,800 |
339,769 | 16,800,718 | 3,618 | An apparatus for charge-assisted release of a ski binding includes an explosive material, a battery, an electrical circuit, and a processor. The explosive material is mounted on or in a ski, a ski boot, and/or a ski binding. The apparatus also includes The electrical circuit extends from the explosive material to the battery, the electrical circuit including a switch having a connected state in which the battery and the explosive material are electrically connected through the switch and a disconnected state in which the battery and the explosive material are electrically disconnected. The processor is electrically coupled to the switch and configured to generate an output signal that transitions the switch from the disconnected state to the connected state in response to an input signal from one or more sensors. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
an explosive material; a battery; an electrical circuit extending from the explosive material to the battery, the electrical circuit including a switch having a connected state in which the battery and the explosive material are electrically connected through the switch and a disconnected state in which the battery and the explosive material are electrically disconnected; and a processor electrically coupled to the switch, the processor configured to generate an output signal that transitions the switch from the disconnected state to the connected state to activate the explosive material in response to an input signal from one or more sensors, wherein:
the apparatus is configured to be mounted on or in a ski, a ski boot, and/or a ski binding, and
activation of the explosive material generates a force to release the ski boot from the ski binding. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to be mounted on or in the ski boot. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the apparatus is configured to be mounted on or in a sole of the ski boot. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to be mounted on the ski. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the apparatus is configured to be mounted on the ski proximal to the ski binding. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to be mounted on the ski binding. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an expandable device, wherein activation of the explosive material generates a gas that increases a volume of the expandable device. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a cylinder having a moveable internal wall that defines first and second chambers, the explosive material disposed in the first chamber; and a rod or a wire attached to the moveable internal wall, wherein the explosive material is disposed in a first chamber. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein:
activation of the explosive material generates a gas that increases a pressure in the first chamber, and the pressure in the first chamber causes the moveable internal wall to move towards the second chamber, thereby causing the rod or wire to move towards the second chamber. 10. A charged-induced ski binding release system, comprising:
a ski; a ski boot; a ski binding that releasably secures the ski boot onto the ski; an explosive material mounted on or in the ski, the ski boot, and/or the ski binding; a battery; one or more sensors; an electrical circuit extending from the explosive material to the battery, the electrical circuit including a switch having a connected state in which the battery and the explosive material are electrically connected through the switch and a disconnected state in which the battery and the explosive material are electrically disconnected; and a processor electrically coupled to the switch, the processor configured to generate an output signal that transitions the switch from the disconnected state to the connected state to activate the explosive material in response to an input signal from the one or more sensors, wherein activation of the explosive material generates a force that releases the ski binding. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising an expandable device, wherein activation of the explosive material generates a gas that increases a volume of the expandable device to apply the force between the sole of the ski boot and the ski to release the ski boot from the ski binding. 12. The system of claim 10, further comprising:
a cylinder having a moveable internal wall that defines first and second chambers, the explosive material disposed in the first chamber; and a rod or a wire attached to the moveable internal wall, wherein the explosive material is disposed in a first chamber. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein:
activation of the explosive material generates a gas that increases a pressure in the first chamber, and the pressure in the first chamber causes the moveable internal wall to move towards the second chamber, thereby causing the rod or wire to move towards the second chamber. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein:
a first end of the wire is attached to the moveable internal wall, a second end of the wire is attached to the ski, and moving the wire towards the second chamber causes the boot to lift out of the ski binding. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the wire passes over a pulley that translates a translation of the first end of the wire in a first direction to a translation of the second end of the wire in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the cylinder is disposed in an explosive device housing, the explosive device housing is attached to the sole of the ski boot, a first end of the rod is attached to the moveable internal wall, a second end of the rod is attached to a toe piece of the binding, and moving the rod towards the second chamber causes the second end of the rod to press on the toe piece of the binding to release the ski binding. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the cylinder is disposed in an explosive device housing, the explosive device housing is attached to the sole of the ski boot, a first end of the rod is attached to the moveable internal wall, moving the rod towards the second chamber causes a second end of the rod to press on the ski to release the ski binding. 18. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor:
compares the input signal to a skier model to determine whether a user is in a fallen state and generate the output signal, and generates the output signal to release the ski binding when the user is in the fallen state. 19. A method for generating a charged-induced release of a ski binding, comprising:
receiving, by a processor-based controller, sensor data from a plurality of sensors disposed on a skier; in the processor-based controller, evaluating the sensor data to determine a state of the skier; when the processor-based controller determines that the skier is in a fallen state, generating an output signal, with the processor-based controller, to activate an explosive device mounted on or in a ski, a ski boot, and/or a ski binding of the skier; and generating a force with the explosive device to release the ski binding. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein evaluating the sensor data comprises comparing the sensor data to a model of the skier. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein activating the explosive device comprises changing a state of a switch from a disconnected state to a connected state, the switch electrically coupling a battery to the explosive device in the connected state. 22. The method of claim 19, further comprising inflating an expandable device with gas generated from the explosive device to generate the force. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising pressing on a sole of the ski boot and the ski with the expandable device when the expandable device is in an expanded state. 24. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
filling a first chamber with a gas generated when the explosive device is activated, the first chamber disposed in a cylinder having a moveable internal wall that defines the first chamber and a second chamber; generating a pressure in the first chamber with the gas; translating the moveable internal wall towards the second chamber with the pressure, the moveable internal wall attached to a first end of a rod or wire. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
pulling on a second end of the wire that is attached to the ski; and using the first end of the wire to lift the ski boot out of the ski binding. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
pressing a second end of the rod onto a toe piece of the ski binding, and pushing a heel of the ski boot onto a heel piece of the ski binding to release the ski binding. 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising pressing a second end of the rod onto the ski to release the ski binding. 28. A processor-controlled snow sport safety system, comprising:
a boot binding assembly having one or more mechanical engagement points at which a snow sport boot is mechanically secured by said boot binding assembly during use in a snow sport; a chemical energy storage reservoir containing an explosive material which when exploded releases stored energy from said explosive material, in an exothermic reaction, into said chemical energy storage reservoir; a processor circuit electrically coupled to and receiving one or more input signals from respective one or more sensors, and providing an output signal in response to the one or more input signals, the output signal triggering an explosion of said explosive material within said chemical energy storage reservoir; an actuator assembly coupled to said chemical energy storage reservoir, the actuator comprising a moveable member that moves into a release position within the actuator assembly in response to and proportionally to a force delivered by said exothermic reaction; and a boot release member, mechanically coupled to said moveable member, which releases said boot from said boot binding from said one or more mechanical engagement points when the moveable member is moved into said release position. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein said boot release member displaces said snow sport boot in a vertical direction relative to said boot binding assembly upon movement of the moveable member into said release position. 30. The system of claim 28, wherein said boot release member displaces said snow sport boot in a horizontal direction relative to said boot binding assembly upon movement of the moveable member into said release position. 31. The system of claim 28, wherein said boot release member comprises a cable connected at one end to said boot binding assembly such that a movement of said moveable member of the actuator assembly causes a corresponding force on said cable. 32. The system of claim 28, wherein said actuator assembly comprises a piston within said actuator assembly and said piston is driven by a force from said exothermic reaction. 33. The system of claim 28, wherein the one or more sensors comprise an accelerometer and/or a gyroscope. 34. The system of claim 28, wherein the output signal is a voltage signal triggering said exothermic reaction within said chemical energy storage reservoir. 35. The system of claim 28, wherein said moveable member is part of said boot binding and said boot release member mechanically secures the snow sport boot within the boot binding when not triggered, and releases the snow sport boot from the boot binding when triggered. | An apparatus for charge-assisted release of a ski binding includes an explosive material, a battery, an electrical circuit, and a processor. The explosive material is mounted on or in a ski, a ski boot, and/or a ski binding. The apparatus also includes The electrical circuit extends from the explosive material to the battery, the electrical circuit including a switch having a connected state in which the battery and the explosive material are electrically connected through the switch and a disconnected state in which the battery and the explosive material are electrically disconnected. The processor is electrically coupled to the switch and configured to generate an output signal that transitions the switch from the disconnected state to the connected state in response to an input signal from one or more sensors.1. An apparatus comprising:
an explosive material; a battery; an electrical circuit extending from the explosive material to the battery, the electrical circuit including a switch having a connected state in which the battery and the explosive material are electrically connected through the switch and a disconnected state in which the battery and the explosive material are electrically disconnected; and a processor electrically coupled to the switch, the processor configured to generate an output signal that transitions the switch from the disconnected state to the connected state to activate the explosive material in response to an input signal from one or more sensors, wherein:
the apparatus is configured to be mounted on or in a ski, a ski boot, and/or a ski binding, and
activation of the explosive material generates a force to release the ski boot from the ski binding. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to be mounted on or in the ski boot. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the apparatus is configured to be mounted on or in a sole of the ski boot. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to be mounted on the ski. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the apparatus is configured to be mounted on the ski proximal to the ski binding. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured to be mounted on the ski binding. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an expandable device, wherein activation of the explosive material generates a gas that increases a volume of the expandable device. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a cylinder having a moveable internal wall that defines first and second chambers, the explosive material disposed in the first chamber; and a rod or a wire attached to the moveable internal wall, wherein the explosive material is disposed in a first chamber. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein:
activation of the explosive material generates a gas that increases a pressure in the first chamber, and the pressure in the first chamber causes the moveable internal wall to move towards the second chamber, thereby causing the rod or wire to move towards the second chamber. 10. A charged-induced ski binding release system, comprising:
a ski; a ski boot; a ski binding that releasably secures the ski boot onto the ski; an explosive material mounted on or in the ski, the ski boot, and/or the ski binding; a battery; one or more sensors; an electrical circuit extending from the explosive material to the battery, the electrical circuit including a switch having a connected state in which the battery and the explosive material are electrically connected through the switch and a disconnected state in which the battery and the explosive material are electrically disconnected; and a processor electrically coupled to the switch, the processor configured to generate an output signal that transitions the switch from the disconnected state to the connected state to activate the explosive material in response to an input signal from the one or more sensors, wherein activation of the explosive material generates a force that releases the ski binding. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising an expandable device, wherein activation of the explosive material generates a gas that increases a volume of the expandable device to apply the force between the sole of the ski boot and the ski to release the ski boot from the ski binding. 12. The system of claim 10, further comprising:
a cylinder having a moveable internal wall that defines first and second chambers, the explosive material disposed in the first chamber; and a rod or a wire attached to the moveable internal wall, wherein the explosive material is disposed in a first chamber. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein:
activation of the explosive material generates a gas that increases a pressure in the first chamber, and the pressure in the first chamber causes the moveable internal wall to move towards the second chamber, thereby causing the rod or wire to move towards the second chamber. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein:
a first end of the wire is attached to the moveable internal wall, a second end of the wire is attached to the ski, and moving the wire towards the second chamber causes the boot to lift out of the ski binding. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the wire passes over a pulley that translates a translation of the first end of the wire in a first direction to a translation of the second end of the wire in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the cylinder is disposed in an explosive device housing, the explosive device housing is attached to the sole of the ski boot, a first end of the rod is attached to the moveable internal wall, a second end of the rod is attached to a toe piece of the binding, and moving the rod towards the second chamber causes the second end of the rod to press on the toe piece of the binding to release the ski binding. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the cylinder is disposed in an explosive device housing, the explosive device housing is attached to the sole of the ski boot, a first end of the rod is attached to the moveable internal wall, moving the rod towards the second chamber causes a second end of the rod to press on the ski to release the ski binding. 18. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor:
compares the input signal to a skier model to determine whether a user is in a fallen state and generate the output signal, and generates the output signal to release the ski binding when the user is in the fallen state. 19. A method for generating a charged-induced release of a ski binding, comprising:
receiving, by a processor-based controller, sensor data from a plurality of sensors disposed on a skier; in the processor-based controller, evaluating the sensor data to determine a state of the skier; when the processor-based controller determines that the skier is in a fallen state, generating an output signal, with the processor-based controller, to activate an explosive device mounted on or in a ski, a ski boot, and/or a ski binding of the skier; and generating a force with the explosive device to release the ski binding. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein evaluating the sensor data comprises comparing the sensor data to a model of the skier. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein activating the explosive device comprises changing a state of a switch from a disconnected state to a connected state, the switch electrically coupling a battery to the explosive device in the connected state. 22. The method of claim 19, further comprising inflating an expandable device with gas generated from the explosive device to generate the force. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising pressing on a sole of the ski boot and the ski with the expandable device when the expandable device is in an expanded state. 24. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
filling a first chamber with a gas generated when the explosive device is activated, the first chamber disposed in a cylinder having a moveable internal wall that defines the first chamber and a second chamber; generating a pressure in the first chamber with the gas; translating the moveable internal wall towards the second chamber with the pressure, the moveable internal wall attached to a first end of a rod or wire. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
pulling on a second end of the wire that is attached to the ski; and using the first end of the wire to lift the ski boot out of the ski binding. 26. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
pressing a second end of the rod onto a toe piece of the ski binding, and pushing a heel of the ski boot onto a heel piece of the ski binding to release the ski binding. 27. The method of claim 24, further comprising pressing a second end of the rod onto the ski to release the ski binding. 28. A processor-controlled snow sport safety system, comprising:
a boot binding assembly having one or more mechanical engagement points at which a snow sport boot is mechanically secured by said boot binding assembly during use in a snow sport; a chemical energy storage reservoir containing an explosive material which when exploded releases stored energy from said explosive material, in an exothermic reaction, into said chemical energy storage reservoir; a processor circuit electrically coupled to and receiving one or more input signals from respective one or more sensors, and providing an output signal in response to the one or more input signals, the output signal triggering an explosion of said explosive material within said chemical energy storage reservoir; an actuator assembly coupled to said chemical energy storage reservoir, the actuator comprising a moveable member that moves into a release position within the actuator assembly in response to and proportionally to a force delivered by said exothermic reaction; and a boot release member, mechanically coupled to said moveable member, which releases said boot from said boot binding from said one or more mechanical engagement points when the moveable member is moved into said release position. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein said boot release member displaces said snow sport boot in a vertical direction relative to said boot binding assembly upon movement of the moveable member into said release position. 30. The system of claim 28, wherein said boot release member displaces said snow sport boot in a horizontal direction relative to said boot binding assembly upon movement of the moveable member into said release position. 31. The system of claim 28, wherein said boot release member comprises a cable connected at one end to said boot binding assembly such that a movement of said moveable member of the actuator assembly causes a corresponding force on said cable. 32. The system of claim 28, wherein said actuator assembly comprises a piston within said actuator assembly and said piston is driven by a force from said exothermic reaction. 33. The system of claim 28, wherein the one or more sensors comprise an accelerometer and/or a gyroscope. 34. The system of claim 28, wherein the output signal is a voltage signal triggering said exothermic reaction within said chemical energy storage reservoir. 35. The system of claim 28, wherein said moveable member is part of said boot binding and said boot release member mechanically secures the snow sport boot within the boot binding when not triggered, and releases the snow sport boot from the boot binding when triggered. | 3,600 |
339,770 | 16,800,719 | 3,618 | A substrate processing apparatus includes a device management controller including a parts management control part configured to monitor the state of parts constituting the apparatus, a device state monitoring control part configured to monitor integrity of device data obtained from an operation state of the parts constituting the apparatus, and a data matching control part configured to monitor facility data provided from a factory facility to the apparatus. The device management controller is configured to derive information evaluating the operation state of the apparatus based on a plurality of monitoring result data selected from a group consisting of maintenance timing monitoring result data acquired by the parts management control part, device state monitoring result data acquired by the device state monitoring control part, and utility monitoring result data acquired by the data matching control part. | 1. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:
a device management controller including at least one selected from the group consisting of:
a parts management controller configured to monitor parts data of parts constituting the apparatus;
a device state monitoring controller configured to monitor integrity of device data obtained from an operating state of the parts constituting the apparatus; and
a data matching controller configured to monitor facility data provided from a factory facility to the apparatus, wherein the device management controller is configured to:
evaluate at least a plurality of data selected from the group consisting of the parts data, the device data, and the facility data; and
derive information indicative of an operation state of the apparatus based on at least a plurality of monitoring result data selected from the group consisting of maintenance timing monitoring result data acquired by the parts management controller, device state monitoring result data acquired by the device state monitoring controller, and utility monitoring result data acquired by the data matching controller. 2. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device management controller is configured to derive an index indicative of the operation state of the apparatus, the index being derived from the monitoring result data that is determined as abnormal and that is of the plurality of monitoring result data selected from the group consisting of the maintenance timing monitoring result data, the device state monitoring result data, and the utility monitoring result data. 3. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device management controller is configured to determine an extent of abnormality of the maintenance timing monitoring result data or the device state monitoring result data for each of a plurality of diagnosis target items including the parts of the apparatus. 4. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the data matching controller is configured to:
compare the facility data related to a plurality of diagnosis target items for customer utility item, which is an item supplied from the factory facility, with reference data serving as a reference for the facility data; and determine whether or not the facility data is abnormal. 5. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a display device configured to display at least one monitoring result data selected from the group consisting of the maintenance timing monitoring result data, the device state monitoring result data, and the utility monitoring result data,
wherein the data matching controller is configured to compare the facility data with reference data and cause the display device to display the utility monitoring result data determined as abnormal as an icon indicating that an abnormality occurs. 6. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device management controller includes a storage part that stores a device name and an IP address of a master apparatus, and
wherein the data matching controller is configured to make communication connection with the master apparatus with the IP address and then collate a device name of the master apparatus acquired by the communication connection with the device name of the master apparatus stored in the storage part. 7. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 6, wherein when the device names match each other in a collation, the data matching controller is configured to acquire a recipe file from the master apparatus, copy the acquired recipe file of the master apparatus, and make the copied recipe file a recipe file of the substrate processing apparatus. 8. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 6, wherein when the device names match each other in a collation, the data matching controller is configured to acquire a parameter file from the master apparatus, and collate the acquired parameter file of the master apparatus with a parameter file of the substrate processing apparatus. 9. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a display device including an operation screen for displaying a result of copying or collating files between apparatuses,
wherein the data matching controller is configured to cause the display device to display a collation progress status of a parameter file of a master apparatus. 10. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data matching controller is configured to cause the display device to display a ratio of matching between files as a result of file copy or file collation between apparatuses. 11. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device state monitoring controller is configured to:
compare the device data obtained from the operation state of the parts constituting the apparatus with standard data corresponding to the device data; and determine whether or not the device data is abnormal. 12. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the device state monitoring controller is configured to make communication connection with a master apparatus having standard device data and obtain the standard device data from the master apparatus. 13. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the parts management controller is configured to compare the parts data with a threshold value corresponding to the parts data and determine replacement timing according to whether the parts data exceeds the threshold value. 14. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device management controller includes:
a storage part that stores the parts data and a threshold value corresponding to the parts data; and a display device that displays an icon in accordance with the number of the maintenance timing monitoring result data determined as abnormal in comparison between the parts data and reference data. 15. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a display device that displays on an operation screen at least one selected from the group consisting of:
a screen for displaying at least one monitoring result data selected from the maintenance timing monitoring result data and the device state monitoring result data; a screen for displaying the utility monitoring result data; and a screen for quantitatively displaying the information evaluating the operation state of the apparatus. 16. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a display device that displays on an operation screen a screen for schematically displaying an overall schematic view of the apparatus,
wherein the device management controller displays on the operation screen a part of the apparatus in which an abnormality occurs, based on monitoring result data determined as abnormal, of at least one selected from the maintenance timing monitoring result data and the device state monitoring result data, in such a manner that the abnormality can be discriminated. 17. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a display device configured to display a result of comparison between a file of the apparatus and a file of a master apparatus,
wherein the device management controller is configure to collate entire files and cause the display device to display a matching ratio. 18. A device management controller comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of:
a parts management controller configured to monitor parts data of parts constituting the apparatus; a device state monitoring controller configured to monitor integrity of device data obtained from an operating state of the parts constituting the apparatus; and a data matching controller configured to monitor facility data provided from a factory facility to the apparatus, wherein the device management controller is configured to: evaluate at least a plurality of data selected from the group consisting of the device data, the parts data, and the facility data; and derive information indicative of an operation state of the apparatus based on at least one monitoring result data selected from the group consisting of maintenance timing monitoring result data acquired by the parts management controller, device state monitoring result data acquired by the device state monitoring controller, and utility monitoring result data determined by the data matching controller. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program that causes a device management controller to perform a process, wherein the device management controller includes at least one selected from the group consisting of:
a parts management controller configured to monitor parts data of parts constituting the apparatus; a device state monitoring controller configured to monitor integrity of device data obtained from an operating state of the parts constituting the apparatus; and a data matching controller configured to monitor facility data provided from a factory facility to the apparatus, the process comprising: monitoring the parts data and outputting maintenance timing monitoring result data; comparing the device data with standard data and outputting device state monitoring result data; comparing the facility data of the apparatus with reference data corresponding to the facility data and outputting utility monitoring result data; and evaluating at least a plurality of data selected from the group consisting of the device data, the parts data, and the facility data and deriving information indicative of an operation state of the apparatus based on at least a plurality of monitoring result data selected from the group consisting of the maintenance timing monitoring result data, the device state monitoring result data, and the utility monitoring result data. | A substrate processing apparatus includes a device management controller including a parts management control part configured to monitor the state of parts constituting the apparatus, a device state monitoring control part configured to monitor integrity of device data obtained from an operation state of the parts constituting the apparatus, and a data matching control part configured to monitor facility data provided from a factory facility to the apparatus. The device management controller is configured to derive information evaluating the operation state of the apparatus based on a plurality of monitoring result data selected from a group consisting of maintenance timing monitoring result data acquired by the parts management control part, device state monitoring result data acquired by the device state monitoring control part, and utility monitoring result data acquired by the data matching control part.1. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:
a device management controller including at least one selected from the group consisting of:
a parts management controller configured to monitor parts data of parts constituting the apparatus;
a device state monitoring controller configured to monitor integrity of device data obtained from an operating state of the parts constituting the apparatus; and
a data matching controller configured to monitor facility data provided from a factory facility to the apparatus, wherein the device management controller is configured to:
evaluate at least a plurality of data selected from the group consisting of the parts data, the device data, and the facility data; and
derive information indicative of an operation state of the apparatus based on at least a plurality of monitoring result data selected from the group consisting of maintenance timing monitoring result data acquired by the parts management controller, device state monitoring result data acquired by the device state monitoring controller, and utility monitoring result data acquired by the data matching controller. 2. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device management controller is configured to derive an index indicative of the operation state of the apparatus, the index being derived from the monitoring result data that is determined as abnormal and that is of the plurality of monitoring result data selected from the group consisting of the maintenance timing monitoring result data, the device state monitoring result data, and the utility monitoring result data. 3. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device management controller is configured to determine an extent of abnormality of the maintenance timing monitoring result data or the device state monitoring result data for each of a plurality of diagnosis target items including the parts of the apparatus. 4. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the data matching controller is configured to:
compare the facility data related to a plurality of diagnosis target items for customer utility item, which is an item supplied from the factory facility, with reference data serving as a reference for the facility data; and determine whether or not the facility data is abnormal. 5. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a display device configured to display at least one monitoring result data selected from the group consisting of the maintenance timing monitoring result data, the device state monitoring result data, and the utility monitoring result data,
wherein the data matching controller is configured to compare the facility data with reference data and cause the display device to display the utility monitoring result data determined as abnormal as an icon indicating that an abnormality occurs. 6. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device management controller includes a storage part that stores a device name and an IP address of a master apparatus, and
wherein the data matching controller is configured to make communication connection with the master apparatus with the IP address and then collate a device name of the master apparatus acquired by the communication connection with the device name of the master apparatus stored in the storage part. 7. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 6, wherein when the device names match each other in a collation, the data matching controller is configured to acquire a recipe file from the master apparatus, copy the acquired recipe file of the master apparatus, and make the copied recipe file a recipe file of the substrate processing apparatus. 8. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 6, wherein when the device names match each other in a collation, the data matching controller is configured to acquire a parameter file from the master apparatus, and collate the acquired parameter file of the master apparatus with a parameter file of the substrate processing apparatus. 9. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a display device including an operation screen for displaying a result of copying or collating files between apparatuses,
wherein the data matching controller is configured to cause the display device to display a collation progress status of a parameter file of a master apparatus. 10. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 9, wherein the data matching controller is configured to cause the display device to display a ratio of matching between files as a result of file copy or file collation between apparatuses. 11. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device state monitoring controller is configured to:
compare the device data obtained from the operation state of the parts constituting the apparatus with standard data corresponding to the device data; and determine whether or not the device data is abnormal. 12. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the device state monitoring controller is configured to make communication connection with a master apparatus having standard device data and obtain the standard device data from the master apparatus. 13. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the parts management controller is configured to compare the parts data with a threshold value corresponding to the parts data and determine replacement timing according to whether the parts data exceeds the threshold value. 14. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device management controller includes:
a storage part that stores the parts data and a threshold value corresponding to the parts data; and a display device that displays an icon in accordance with the number of the maintenance timing monitoring result data determined as abnormal in comparison between the parts data and reference data. 15. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a display device that displays on an operation screen at least one selected from the group consisting of:
a screen for displaying at least one monitoring result data selected from the maintenance timing monitoring result data and the device state monitoring result data; a screen for displaying the utility monitoring result data; and a screen for quantitatively displaying the information evaluating the operation state of the apparatus. 16. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a display device that displays on an operation screen a screen for schematically displaying an overall schematic view of the apparatus,
wherein the device management controller displays on the operation screen a part of the apparatus in which an abnormality occurs, based on monitoring result data determined as abnormal, of at least one selected from the maintenance timing monitoring result data and the device state monitoring result data, in such a manner that the abnormality can be discriminated. 17. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a display device configured to display a result of comparison between a file of the apparatus and a file of a master apparatus,
wherein the device management controller is configure to collate entire files and cause the display device to display a matching ratio. 18. A device management controller comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of:
a parts management controller configured to monitor parts data of parts constituting the apparatus; a device state monitoring controller configured to monitor integrity of device data obtained from an operating state of the parts constituting the apparatus; and a data matching controller configured to monitor facility data provided from a factory facility to the apparatus, wherein the device management controller is configured to: evaluate at least a plurality of data selected from the group consisting of the device data, the parts data, and the facility data; and derive information indicative of an operation state of the apparatus based on at least one monitoring result data selected from the group consisting of maintenance timing monitoring result data acquired by the parts management controller, device state monitoring result data acquired by the device state monitoring controller, and utility monitoring result data determined by the data matching controller. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program that causes a device management controller to perform a process, wherein the device management controller includes at least one selected from the group consisting of:
a parts management controller configured to monitor parts data of parts constituting the apparatus; a device state monitoring controller configured to monitor integrity of device data obtained from an operating state of the parts constituting the apparatus; and a data matching controller configured to monitor facility data provided from a factory facility to the apparatus, the process comprising: monitoring the parts data and outputting maintenance timing monitoring result data; comparing the device data with standard data and outputting device state monitoring result data; comparing the facility data of the apparatus with reference data corresponding to the facility data and outputting utility monitoring result data; and evaluating at least a plurality of data selected from the group consisting of the device data, the parts data, and the facility data and deriving information indicative of an operation state of the apparatus based on at least a plurality of monitoring result data selected from the group consisting of the maintenance timing monitoring result data, the device state monitoring result data, and the utility monitoring result data. | 3,600 |
339,771 | 16,800,688 | 3,618 | A selective laser melting technology-based apparatus for preparing a gradient material, comprising a laser scanning array lens, and a powder storer, a powder mixer, a powder scraping plate, and a working platform that are provided in sequence from top to bottom; the powder storer is provided with two or more partitions; a bottom portion of the powder storer is provided with an outlet; the powder mixer is provided under the powder storer and is a horizontally provided rotational mixer; the powder scraping plate is disposed under the powder mixer; the working platform is provided under the powder scraping plate; the laser scanning array lens is provided on the working platform. The present invention further relates to a method for preparing a gradient material, comprising powder storing, powder scraping, powder mixing, powder laying, and printing. The method can guarantee the two-phase powder ratio in each layer of powder not change. | 1. An apparatus based on selective laser melting technique for preparing a functionally gradient material, comprising:
a laser scanning array lens, and a powder storer, a powder mixer, a powder scraping plate, and a working platform that are disposed in sequence from top to bottom; the powder storer is provided with two or more partitions, which are used to contain different kinds of powder; the bottom of the powder storer is provided with an outlet, and the different kinds of powder are mixed at a gradient ratio after passing through the outlet; the powder mixer is disposed under the powder storer and is a rotational mixer arranged horizontally; the powder mixed at a gradient ratio remains in the gradient mixed state in the powder mixer; and the powder scraping plate is disposed under the powder mixer; the working platform is disposed under the powder scraping plate; the laser scanning array lens is disposed on the working platform. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the powder storer is in a cuboid shape; in a case of 2 kinds of powder, the cross section of the powder storer consists of two triangles reversed from each other; in a case of 3 kinds of powder, the cross section of the powder storer consists of three symmetrical triangles; and in a case of 4 kinds of powder, the cross section of the powder storer consists of four triangles combined together. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the outlet in the bottom of the powder storer is a rectangular outlet movable along the bottom of the powder storer, and the powder will fall from the powder storer into the powder mixer when the outlet is moved from one end of the powder storer to the other end of the powder storer. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the powder mixer is generally in a cylindrical shape and placed horizontally. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the powder scraping plate comprises a powder laying groove for holding the powder and a powder laying blade for powder laying. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the functionally gradient material is a material for metal additive manufacturing. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the functionally gradient material is an iron-based material, nickel-based material, or titanium-based material. 8. A method for preparing a functionally gradient material with
an apparatus based on selective laser melting technique for preparing a functionally gradient material, comprising: a laser scanning array lens, and a powder storer, a powder mixer, a powder scraping plate, and a working platform that are disposed in sequence from top to bottom; the powder storer is provided with two or more partitions, which are used to contain different kinds of powder; the bottom of the powder storer is provided with an outlet, and the different kinds of powder are mixed at a gradient ratio after passing through the outlet; the powder mixer is disposed under the powder storer and is a rotational mixer arranged horizontally; the powder mixed at a gradient ratio remains in the gradient mixed state in the powder mixer; and the powder scraping plate is disposed under the powder mixer; the working platform is disposed under the powder scraping plate; the laser scanning array lens is disposed on the working platform, comprising:
powder storage: placing different kinds of powder in corresponding partitions of the powder storer respectively;
powder scraping: a movable rectangular outlet is provided in the bottom of the powder storer, the different kinds of powder falls from the powder storer at a preset ratio accordingly into the cylindrical powder mixer arranged horizontally when the movable rectangular outlet is moved from one end of the powder storer to the other end of the powder storer, and thereby form gradient powder;
powder mixing: closing the powder mixer and driving it to rotate for mixing after the powder falls into the powder mixer, opening the powder mixer with the opening of the powder mixer facing downward after the mixing, so that the mixed powder falls into the powder scraping plate under a gravity action;
powder laying: pushing the powder mixed at a gradient ratio with the powder scraping plate onto the working platform;
printing: melting the layer of powder by scanning with a laser beam under the control of the laser scanning array lens after the powder is laid on the working platform;
repeating powder scraping, powder mixing, powder laying, and printing steps, so as to prepare a part of functionally gradient material finally. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gradient ratio of the gradient powder remains constant in the axial direction of the powder mixer in the powder mixing process. 10. The device according to claim 2, wherein the outlet in the bottom of the powder storer is a rectangular outlet movable along the bottom of the powder storer, and the powder will fall from the powder storer into the powder mixer when the outlet is moved from one end of the powder storer to the other end of the powder storer. 11. The device according to claim 2, wherein the powder mixer is generally in a cylindrical shape and placed horizontally. 12. The device according to claim 2, wherein the powder scraping plate comprises a powder laying groove for holding the powder and a powder laying blade for powder laying. 13. The method according to claim 8, wherein the powder storer is in a cuboid shape; in a case of 2 kinds of powder, the cross section of the powder storer consists of two triangles reversed from each other; in a case of 3 kinds of powder, the cross section of the powder storer consists of three symmetrical triangles; and in a case of 4 kinds of powder, the cross section of the powder storer consists of four triangles combined together. 14. The method according to claim 8, wherein the outlet in the bottom of the powder storer is a rectangular outlet movable along the bottom of the powder storer, and the powder will fall from the powder storer into the powder mixer when the outlet is moved from one end of the powder storer to the other end of the powder storer. 15. The method according to claim 8, wherein the powder mixer is generally in a cylindrical shape and placed horizontally. 16. The method according to claim 8, wherein the powder scraping plate comprises a powder laying groove for holding the powder and a powder laying blade for powder laying. 17. The method according to claim 8, wherein the functionally gradient material is a material for metal additive manufacturing. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the functionally gradient material is an iron-based material, nickel-based material, or titanium-based material. 19. The method according to claim 13, wherein the outlet in the bottom of the powder storer is a rectangular outlet movable along the bottom of the powder storer, and the powder will fall from the powder storer into the powder mixer when the outlet is moved from one end of the powder storer to the other end of the powder storer. 20. The method according to claim 13, wherein the powder mixer is generally in a cylindrical shape and placed horizontally. | A selective laser melting technology-based apparatus for preparing a gradient material, comprising a laser scanning array lens, and a powder storer, a powder mixer, a powder scraping plate, and a working platform that are provided in sequence from top to bottom; the powder storer is provided with two or more partitions; a bottom portion of the powder storer is provided with an outlet; the powder mixer is provided under the powder storer and is a horizontally provided rotational mixer; the powder scraping plate is disposed under the powder mixer; the working platform is provided under the powder scraping plate; the laser scanning array lens is provided on the working platform. The present invention further relates to a method for preparing a gradient material, comprising powder storing, powder scraping, powder mixing, powder laying, and printing. The method can guarantee the two-phase powder ratio in each layer of powder not change.1. An apparatus based on selective laser melting technique for preparing a functionally gradient material, comprising:
a laser scanning array lens, and a powder storer, a powder mixer, a powder scraping plate, and a working platform that are disposed in sequence from top to bottom; the powder storer is provided with two or more partitions, which are used to contain different kinds of powder; the bottom of the powder storer is provided with an outlet, and the different kinds of powder are mixed at a gradient ratio after passing through the outlet; the powder mixer is disposed under the powder storer and is a rotational mixer arranged horizontally; the powder mixed at a gradient ratio remains in the gradient mixed state in the powder mixer; and the powder scraping plate is disposed under the powder mixer; the working platform is disposed under the powder scraping plate; the laser scanning array lens is disposed on the working platform. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the powder storer is in a cuboid shape; in a case of 2 kinds of powder, the cross section of the powder storer consists of two triangles reversed from each other; in a case of 3 kinds of powder, the cross section of the powder storer consists of three symmetrical triangles; and in a case of 4 kinds of powder, the cross section of the powder storer consists of four triangles combined together. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the outlet in the bottom of the powder storer is a rectangular outlet movable along the bottom of the powder storer, and the powder will fall from the powder storer into the powder mixer when the outlet is moved from one end of the powder storer to the other end of the powder storer. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the powder mixer is generally in a cylindrical shape and placed horizontally. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the powder scraping plate comprises a powder laying groove for holding the powder and a powder laying blade for powder laying. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the functionally gradient material is a material for metal additive manufacturing. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the functionally gradient material is an iron-based material, nickel-based material, or titanium-based material. 8. A method for preparing a functionally gradient material with
an apparatus based on selective laser melting technique for preparing a functionally gradient material, comprising: a laser scanning array lens, and a powder storer, a powder mixer, a powder scraping plate, and a working platform that are disposed in sequence from top to bottom; the powder storer is provided with two or more partitions, which are used to contain different kinds of powder; the bottom of the powder storer is provided with an outlet, and the different kinds of powder are mixed at a gradient ratio after passing through the outlet; the powder mixer is disposed under the powder storer and is a rotational mixer arranged horizontally; the powder mixed at a gradient ratio remains in the gradient mixed state in the powder mixer; and the powder scraping plate is disposed under the powder mixer; the working platform is disposed under the powder scraping plate; the laser scanning array lens is disposed on the working platform, comprising:
powder storage: placing different kinds of powder in corresponding partitions of the powder storer respectively;
powder scraping: a movable rectangular outlet is provided in the bottom of the powder storer, the different kinds of powder falls from the powder storer at a preset ratio accordingly into the cylindrical powder mixer arranged horizontally when the movable rectangular outlet is moved from one end of the powder storer to the other end of the powder storer, and thereby form gradient powder;
powder mixing: closing the powder mixer and driving it to rotate for mixing after the powder falls into the powder mixer, opening the powder mixer with the opening of the powder mixer facing downward after the mixing, so that the mixed powder falls into the powder scraping plate under a gravity action;
powder laying: pushing the powder mixed at a gradient ratio with the powder scraping plate onto the working platform;
printing: melting the layer of powder by scanning with a laser beam under the control of the laser scanning array lens after the powder is laid on the working platform;
repeating powder scraping, powder mixing, powder laying, and printing steps, so as to prepare a part of functionally gradient material finally. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gradient ratio of the gradient powder remains constant in the axial direction of the powder mixer in the powder mixing process. 10. The device according to claim 2, wherein the outlet in the bottom of the powder storer is a rectangular outlet movable along the bottom of the powder storer, and the powder will fall from the powder storer into the powder mixer when the outlet is moved from one end of the powder storer to the other end of the powder storer. 11. The device according to claim 2, wherein the powder mixer is generally in a cylindrical shape and placed horizontally. 12. The device according to claim 2, wherein the powder scraping plate comprises a powder laying groove for holding the powder and a powder laying blade for powder laying. 13. The method according to claim 8, wherein the powder storer is in a cuboid shape; in a case of 2 kinds of powder, the cross section of the powder storer consists of two triangles reversed from each other; in a case of 3 kinds of powder, the cross section of the powder storer consists of three symmetrical triangles; and in a case of 4 kinds of powder, the cross section of the powder storer consists of four triangles combined together. 14. The method according to claim 8, wherein the outlet in the bottom of the powder storer is a rectangular outlet movable along the bottom of the powder storer, and the powder will fall from the powder storer into the powder mixer when the outlet is moved from one end of the powder storer to the other end of the powder storer. 15. The method according to claim 8, wherein the powder mixer is generally in a cylindrical shape and placed horizontally. 16. The method according to claim 8, wherein the powder scraping plate comprises a powder laying groove for holding the powder and a powder laying blade for powder laying. 17. The method according to claim 8, wherein the functionally gradient material is a material for metal additive manufacturing. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the functionally gradient material is an iron-based material, nickel-based material, or titanium-based material. 19. The method according to claim 13, wherein the outlet in the bottom of the powder storer is a rectangular outlet movable along the bottom of the powder storer, and the powder will fall from the powder storer into the powder mixer when the outlet is moved from one end of the powder storer to the other end of the powder storer. 20. The method according to claim 13, wherein the powder mixer is generally in a cylindrical shape and placed horizontally. | 3,600 |
339,772 | 16,800,690 | 3,618 | Provided is a printing apparatus including a platen portion including a platen surface on which a medium is disposed, and a carriage including a printing head and a distance sensor, the carriage being configured to move in a direction B on the platen surface. The printing apparatus further includes a control unit configured to move the carriage to measure, by using the distance sensor, a distance to the medium at each position to which the carriage moves, and to specify, based on information of the position and the distance, a position of an adjustment pattern printing range in which an adjustment pattern is printed on the medium. | 1. A printing apparatus comprising:
a platen portion including a platen surface on which a medium is disposed; a carriage including a printing head and a distance sensor, the carriage being configured to move; and a control unit configured to move the carriage to measure, by using the distance sensor, a distance to the medium at each position, and to specify, based on information of the position and the distance, a position of an adjustment pattern printing range in the medium. 2. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the adjustment pattern printing range is a region in which a change in the distance to the medium is equal to or less than a predetermined amount. 3. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the adjustment pattern printing range is a region in which a difference between the distance to the medium measured by the distance sensor and a distance from the distance sensor to the platen surface is equal to or less than a predetermined value. 4. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit is configured to issue a notification when failing to specify the adjustment pattern printing range. 5. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the carriage includes a measurement unit configured to measure an adjustment pattern. 6. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the distance sensor is a sonic wave sensor. 7. A printing adjustment method using the printing apparatus according to claim 1, the method comprising:
a measuring step for measuring a distance to a medium by using a distance sensor; a specifying step for specifying, based on information of the distance measured, a position of an adjustment pattern printing range; and a printing step for printing an adjustment pattern in the adjustment pattern printing range specified. | Provided is a printing apparatus including a platen portion including a platen surface on which a medium is disposed, and a carriage including a printing head and a distance sensor, the carriage being configured to move in a direction B on the platen surface. The printing apparatus further includes a control unit configured to move the carriage to measure, by using the distance sensor, a distance to the medium at each position to which the carriage moves, and to specify, based on information of the position and the distance, a position of an adjustment pattern printing range in which an adjustment pattern is printed on the medium.1. A printing apparatus comprising:
a platen portion including a platen surface on which a medium is disposed; a carriage including a printing head and a distance sensor, the carriage being configured to move; and a control unit configured to move the carriage to measure, by using the distance sensor, a distance to the medium at each position, and to specify, based on information of the position and the distance, a position of an adjustment pattern printing range in the medium. 2. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the adjustment pattern printing range is a region in which a change in the distance to the medium is equal to or less than a predetermined amount. 3. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the adjustment pattern printing range is a region in which a difference between the distance to the medium measured by the distance sensor and a distance from the distance sensor to the platen surface is equal to or less than a predetermined value. 4. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit is configured to issue a notification when failing to specify the adjustment pattern printing range. 5. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the carriage includes a measurement unit configured to measure an adjustment pattern. 6. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the distance sensor is a sonic wave sensor. 7. A printing adjustment method using the printing apparatus according to claim 1, the method comprising:
a measuring step for measuring a distance to a medium by using a distance sensor; a specifying step for specifying, based on information of the distance measured, a position of an adjustment pattern printing range; and a printing step for printing an adjustment pattern in the adjustment pattern printing range specified. | 3,600 |
339,773 | 16,800,733 | 3,618 | A method of compensating electromagnetic emissions of a device for use in a communication bus, the method including: transmitting a test signal over the communication bus; receiving, at the device, the test signal after propagation over the communication bus; performing frequency analysis processing of the test signal received to detect a set of harmonic components of the test signal received having an amplitude exceeding a certain threshold; storing respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components having an amplitude exceeding the certain threshold; and generating and transmitting over the communication bus a set of compensation signals, each compensation signal in the set of compensation signals being a sinusoidal signal having a respective frequency equal to one of the frequencies stored, and being in anti-phase with respect to the harmonic component of the test signal received having the respective frequency. | 1. A method of compensating electromagnetic emissions of a device for use in a communication bus, the device comprising a transceiver coupling the device to the communication bus for transmitting and receiving signals, the method comprising:
transmitting a test signal over the communication bus; receiving, at the device, the test signal after propagation over the communication bus; performing frequency analysis processing of the test signal received to detect a set of harmonic components of the test signal received having an amplitude exceeding a certain threshold; storing respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components having an amplitude exceeding the certain threshold; and generating and transmitting over the communication bus a set of compensation signals, each compensation signal in the set of compensation signals being a sinusoidal signal having a respective frequency equal to one of the frequencies stored, and being in anti-phase with respect to the harmonic component of the test signal received having the respective frequency. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication bus is a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, and wherein the transceiver is a CAN transceiver. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the frequency analysis processing comprises applying superheterodyne processing to the test signal received by:
sequentially generating a set of sinusoidal signals at different frequencies; mixing each of the sinusoidal signals sequentially generated with the test signal received after propagation over the communication bus to sequentially generate a set of mixed signals; and applying band-pass filtering at a fixed frequency to the mixed signals in the set of mixed signals to detect the set of harmonic components of the test signal received. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein storing respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components having an amplitude exceeding the certain threshold comprises:
checking whether a new value of frequency candidate for storage is equal to 2N*f0, wherein N is an integer and f0 is any of the previously stored values of frequency, and storing the new value of frequency candidate for storage as a result of the new value of frequency candidate for storage being different from 2N*f0. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein storing respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components comprises:
configuring an analog-to-digital converter in the device to receive at an input harmonic signals and to provide at an output a digital signal indicative of the respective values of frequency, and storing the respective values of frequency in a register in the device. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
checking whether the register in the device is full, and terminating the frequency analysis processing as a result of the register in the device being full, or as a result of the frequency of a lastly generated sinusoidal signal in a set of sequentially generated sinusoidal signals being higher than a certain frequency threshold. 7. The method claim 1, wherein generating and transmitting over the communication bus the set of compensation signals comprises:
estimating a phase difference between at least one of the generated compensation signals and a corresponding one of the harmonic components of the test signal received, and adjusting a phase of the at least one of the generated compensation signals as a function of the estimated phase difference to keep the at least one of the generated compensation signals in anti-phase with respect to the corresponding one of the harmonic components of the test signal received. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing respective values of amplitude of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components of the test signal received having an amplitude exceeding the certain threshold, and wherein each compensation signal in the set of compensation signals transmitted over the communication bus has a respective amplitude which is a function of an amplitude of the corresponding harmonic component of the test signal received having the respective frequency. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the respective amplitude is equal to the amplitude of the corresponding harmonic component of the test signal received having the respective frequency. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the test signal is a square wave test signal at a frequency of 250 kHz and having a duty cycle of 50% and an amplitude between 0.1 μV and 10 μV. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the test signal has an amplitude of about ‘1 μV. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the test signal is generated in the device by:
generating, with an oscillator circuit, a sinusoidal signal having a frequency of 2 MHz, performing frequency division of the sinusoidal signal having a frequency of 2 MHz, to generate a second sinusoidal signal having a frequency of 250 kHz, and providing the second sinusoidal signal at an input of a comparator, the comparator configured to generate an output signal indicative of the sign of the second sinusoidal signal. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the certain amplitude threshold is a ratio between the amplitude of the harmonic component of the test signal received and the amplitude of the test signal transmitted over the communication bus. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the ratio is equal to about 55 dB. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of:
transmitting a test signal over the communication bus, receiving the test signal after propagation over the communication bus, performing frequency analysis processing of the test signal received, and storing respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components, are performed at a start-up of the communication bus, and the step of generating and transmitting over the communication bus a set of compensation signals is performed continuously during operation of the communication bus. 16. A circuit for compensating electromagnetic emissions of a device for use in a CAN bus, the circuit comprising:
a test signal generation circuit configured to generate a test signal for the CAN bus; a CAN transceiver configured to transmit the test signal over the CAN bus, and to receive the test signal after propagation over the CAN bus; a frequency analysis processing circuit configured to detect a set of harmonic components of the test signal received having an amplitude exceeding a certain threshold; a register configured to store respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components having an amplitude exceeding the certain threshold; and a compensation signal generating circuit configured to generate a set of compensation signals, each compensation signal in the set of compensation signals being a sinusoidal signal having a respective frequency equal to one of the frequencies stored, and being in anti-phase with respect to the harmonic component of the test signal received having the respective frequency. 17. The circuit of claim 16, wherein the test signal generation circuit comprises:
a first oscillator configured to generate a first sinusoidal signal at a certain first frequency; a frequency divider circuit configured to receive the first sinusoidal signal and to generate a second sinusoidal signal based on the first sinusoidal signal at a certain second frequency that is lower than the certain first frequency; and a first comparator configured to generate a square wave test signal as a function of the second sinusoidal signal at the certain second frequency. 18. The circuit of claim 16, wherein the frequency analysis processing circuit comprises:
a second oscillator configured to sequentially generate a set of sinusoidal signals at different frequencies; a mixer circuit configured to mix each of the sinusoidal signals sequentially generated with the test signal received after propagation over the CAN bus to sequentially generate a set of mixed signals; a band-pass filter centered at a certain fixed frequency and configured to filter the mixed signals in the set of mixed signals to sequentially detect the set of harmonic components of the test signal received; a second comparator configured to compare the amplitude of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components to a certain amplitude threshold; an analog-to-digital converter having an input coupled to an output of the band-pass filter and configured to receive harmonic signals, and an output configured to provide a digital signal indicative of the respective values of frequency; and a register configured to store the respective values of frequency. 19. The circuit of claim 16, comprising a phase difference estimation circuit configured to estimate a phase difference between at least one of the generated compensation signals and a corresponding one of the harmonic components of the test signal received, wherein the compensation signal generating circuit is configured to adjust a phase of the at least one of the generated compensation signals as a function of the estimated phase difference to keep the at least one of the generated compensation signals in anti-phase with respect to the corresponding one of the harmonic components of the test signal received. 20. A device for use in a CAN bus, the device comprising:
a test signal generation circuit configured to generate a test signal for the CAN bus; a CAN transceiver configured to transmit the test signal over the CAN bus, and to receive the test signal after propagation over the CAN bus; a frequency analysis processing circuit configured to detect a set of harmonic components of the test signal received having an amplitude exceeding a certain threshold; a register configured to store respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components having an amplitude exceeding the certain threshold; and a compensation signal generating circuit configured to generate a set of compensation signals, each compensation signal in the set of compensation signals being a sinusoidal signal having a respective frequency equal to one of the frequencies stored, and being in anti-phase with respect to the harmonic component of the test signal received having the respective frequency. | A method of compensating electromagnetic emissions of a device for use in a communication bus, the method including: transmitting a test signal over the communication bus; receiving, at the device, the test signal after propagation over the communication bus; performing frequency analysis processing of the test signal received to detect a set of harmonic components of the test signal received having an amplitude exceeding a certain threshold; storing respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components having an amplitude exceeding the certain threshold; and generating and transmitting over the communication bus a set of compensation signals, each compensation signal in the set of compensation signals being a sinusoidal signal having a respective frequency equal to one of the frequencies stored, and being in anti-phase with respect to the harmonic component of the test signal received having the respective frequency.1. A method of compensating electromagnetic emissions of a device for use in a communication bus, the device comprising a transceiver coupling the device to the communication bus for transmitting and receiving signals, the method comprising:
transmitting a test signal over the communication bus; receiving, at the device, the test signal after propagation over the communication bus; performing frequency analysis processing of the test signal received to detect a set of harmonic components of the test signal received having an amplitude exceeding a certain threshold; storing respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components having an amplitude exceeding the certain threshold; and generating and transmitting over the communication bus a set of compensation signals, each compensation signal in the set of compensation signals being a sinusoidal signal having a respective frequency equal to one of the frequencies stored, and being in anti-phase with respect to the harmonic component of the test signal received having the respective frequency. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication bus is a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, and wherein the transceiver is a CAN transceiver. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the frequency analysis processing comprises applying superheterodyne processing to the test signal received by:
sequentially generating a set of sinusoidal signals at different frequencies; mixing each of the sinusoidal signals sequentially generated with the test signal received after propagation over the communication bus to sequentially generate a set of mixed signals; and applying band-pass filtering at a fixed frequency to the mixed signals in the set of mixed signals to detect the set of harmonic components of the test signal received. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein storing respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components having an amplitude exceeding the certain threshold comprises:
checking whether a new value of frequency candidate for storage is equal to 2N*f0, wherein N is an integer and f0 is any of the previously stored values of frequency, and storing the new value of frequency candidate for storage as a result of the new value of frequency candidate for storage being different from 2N*f0. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein storing respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components comprises:
configuring an analog-to-digital converter in the device to receive at an input harmonic signals and to provide at an output a digital signal indicative of the respective values of frequency, and storing the respective values of frequency in a register in the device. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
checking whether the register in the device is full, and terminating the frequency analysis processing as a result of the register in the device being full, or as a result of the frequency of a lastly generated sinusoidal signal in a set of sequentially generated sinusoidal signals being higher than a certain frequency threshold. 7. The method claim 1, wherein generating and transmitting over the communication bus the set of compensation signals comprises:
estimating a phase difference between at least one of the generated compensation signals and a corresponding one of the harmonic components of the test signal received, and adjusting a phase of the at least one of the generated compensation signals as a function of the estimated phase difference to keep the at least one of the generated compensation signals in anti-phase with respect to the corresponding one of the harmonic components of the test signal received. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing respective values of amplitude of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components of the test signal received having an amplitude exceeding the certain threshold, and wherein each compensation signal in the set of compensation signals transmitted over the communication bus has a respective amplitude which is a function of an amplitude of the corresponding harmonic component of the test signal received having the respective frequency. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the respective amplitude is equal to the amplitude of the corresponding harmonic component of the test signal received having the respective frequency. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the test signal is a square wave test signal at a frequency of 250 kHz and having a duty cycle of 50% and an amplitude between 0.1 μV and 10 μV. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the test signal has an amplitude of about ‘1 μV. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the test signal is generated in the device by:
generating, with an oscillator circuit, a sinusoidal signal having a frequency of 2 MHz, performing frequency division of the sinusoidal signal having a frequency of 2 MHz, to generate a second sinusoidal signal having a frequency of 250 kHz, and providing the second sinusoidal signal at an input of a comparator, the comparator configured to generate an output signal indicative of the sign of the second sinusoidal signal. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the certain amplitude threshold is a ratio between the amplitude of the harmonic component of the test signal received and the amplitude of the test signal transmitted over the communication bus. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the ratio is equal to about 55 dB. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of:
transmitting a test signal over the communication bus, receiving the test signal after propagation over the communication bus, performing frequency analysis processing of the test signal received, and storing respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components, are performed at a start-up of the communication bus, and the step of generating and transmitting over the communication bus a set of compensation signals is performed continuously during operation of the communication bus. 16. A circuit for compensating electromagnetic emissions of a device for use in a CAN bus, the circuit comprising:
a test signal generation circuit configured to generate a test signal for the CAN bus; a CAN transceiver configured to transmit the test signal over the CAN bus, and to receive the test signal after propagation over the CAN bus; a frequency analysis processing circuit configured to detect a set of harmonic components of the test signal received having an amplitude exceeding a certain threshold; a register configured to store respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components having an amplitude exceeding the certain threshold; and a compensation signal generating circuit configured to generate a set of compensation signals, each compensation signal in the set of compensation signals being a sinusoidal signal having a respective frequency equal to one of the frequencies stored, and being in anti-phase with respect to the harmonic component of the test signal received having the respective frequency. 17. The circuit of claim 16, wherein the test signal generation circuit comprises:
a first oscillator configured to generate a first sinusoidal signal at a certain first frequency; a frequency divider circuit configured to receive the first sinusoidal signal and to generate a second sinusoidal signal based on the first sinusoidal signal at a certain second frequency that is lower than the certain first frequency; and a first comparator configured to generate a square wave test signal as a function of the second sinusoidal signal at the certain second frequency. 18. The circuit of claim 16, wherein the frequency analysis processing circuit comprises:
a second oscillator configured to sequentially generate a set of sinusoidal signals at different frequencies; a mixer circuit configured to mix each of the sinusoidal signals sequentially generated with the test signal received after propagation over the CAN bus to sequentially generate a set of mixed signals; a band-pass filter centered at a certain fixed frequency and configured to filter the mixed signals in the set of mixed signals to sequentially detect the set of harmonic components of the test signal received; a second comparator configured to compare the amplitude of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components to a certain amplitude threshold; an analog-to-digital converter having an input coupled to an output of the band-pass filter and configured to receive harmonic signals, and an output configured to provide a digital signal indicative of the respective values of frequency; and a register configured to store the respective values of frequency. 19. The circuit of claim 16, comprising a phase difference estimation circuit configured to estimate a phase difference between at least one of the generated compensation signals and a corresponding one of the harmonic components of the test signal received, wherein the compensation signal generating circuit is configured to adjust a phase of the at least one of the generated compensation signals as a function of the estimated phase difference to keep the at least one of the generated compensation signals in anti-phase with respect to the corresponding one of the harmonic components of the test signal received. 20. A device for use in a CAN bus, the device comprising:
a test signal generation circuit configured to generate a test signal for the CAN bus; a CAN transceiver configured to transmit the test signal over the CAN bus, and to receive the test signal after propagation over the CAN bus; a frequency analysis processing circuit configured to detect a set of harmonic components of the test signal received having an amplitude exceeding a certain threshold; a register configured to store respective values of frequency of harmonic components in the set of harmonic components having an amplitude exceeding the certain threshold; and a compensation signal generating circuit configured to generate a set of compensation signals, each compensation signal in the set of compensation signals being a sinusoidal signal having a respective frequency equal to one of the frequencies stored, and being in anti-phase with respect to the harmonic component of the test signal received having the respective frequency. | 3,600 |
339,774 | 16,800,739 | 3,618 | A method of operating a user equipment comprises addressing multi-subcarrier system resources using multiple different numerologies available within a single carrier, the multiple different numerologies comprising a first numerology having resource blocks (RBs) with a first bandwidth and a first subcarrier spacing, Δf1, and a second numerology having RBs with a second bandwidth and a second subcarrier spacing, Δf2, which is different from Δf1, wherein the first numerology is aligned in the frequency domain relative to a frequency reference, Fref, according to m*Δf1+Fref and the second numerology is aligned in the frequency domain relative to the frequency reference, Fref, according to n*Δf2+Fref, where m and n are integers. The method further comprises transmitting and/or receiving information within the single carrier according to the at least one of the multiple different numerologies. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of operating a radio access node, comprising:
addressing resources of a multi-carrier subsystem using a first numerology and a second numerology within a single character, the first numerology having resource blocks (RBs) with a first bandwidth and a first subcarrier spacing, Δf1, and the second numerology having RBs with a second bandwidth and a second subcarrier spacing, Δf2, which is different from Δf1, and wherein the first numerology and the second numerology are aligned in the frequency domain relative to a frequency reference, Fref, and based on the first subcarrier spacing and the second subcarrier spacing, respectively; and transmitting and/or receiving information within the single carrier according to the first and second numerologies. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein subcarriers of allocated RBs of the first numerology are separated from subcarriers of allocated RBs of the second numerology by a frequency gap having a size that is a function of Δf1 or Δf2. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the first subcarrier spacing, Δf1, is related to the second subcarrier spacing Δf2 by an integer scaling factor N such that Δf2=N*Δf1. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the first numerology is aligned in the frequency domain according to m*Δf1+Fref and the second numerology is aligned in the frequency domain according to n*Δf2+Fref, wherein m and n are integers. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the multi-subcarrier system is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the multi-subcarrier system is a pre-coded multi-subcarrier system. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the precoded multi-subcarrier system is a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFTS-OFDM) system. 28. The method of claim 21, further comprising transmitting first and second integers B and D indicating a start frequency relative to a frequency reference and width of the first numerology, wherein the start frequency is defined according to B*K1*Δf, and the bandwidth of the first numerology is defined according to D*K1*Δf, wherein K1 denotes a bandwidth of a smallest addressable unit of the first numerology, expressed in units of a smallest subcarrier spacing of numerologies of the single carrier, and wherein Δf denotes the smallest subcarrier spacing. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising transmitting third and fourth integers A and C indicating a start frequency relative to a frequency reference and width of the second numerology, wherein the start frequency of the second numerology is defined according to A*K2*Δf, and the bandwidth of the second numerology is defined according to C*K2*Δf, wherein K2 denotes a bandwidth of a smallest addressable unit of the second numerology, expressed in units of the smallest subcarrier spacing of numerologies of the single carrier. 30. A radio access node, comprising:
processing circuitry in communication with memory having executable instructions thereon; and at least one transmitter and/or receiver in communication with the processing circuitry and memory and collectively configured to: address multi-subcarrier system resources using a first numerology and a second numerology within a single character, the first numerology having resource blocks (RB s) with a first bandwidth and a first subcarrier spacing, Δf1, and the second numerology having RBs with a second bandwidth and a second subcarrier spacing, Δf2, which is different from Δf1, and wherein the first numerology and the second numerology are aligned in the frequency domain relative to a frequency reference, Fref, and based on the first subcarrier spacing the second subcarrier spacing, respectively; and to transmit and/or receive information within the single carrier according to the first and second numerologies. 31. A method of operating a user equipment, comprising:
addressing resources of multi-subcarrier system using at least one of a first numerology and a second numerology available within a single carrier, the first numerology having resource blocks (RBs) with a first bandwidth and a first subcarrier spacing, Δf1, and the second numerology having RBs with a second bandwidth and a second subcarrier spacing, Δf2, which is different from Δf1, and wherein the first numerology and the second numerology are aligned in the frequency domain relative to a frequency reference, Fref, and based on the first subcarrier spacing and the second subcarrier spacing, respectively; and transmitting and/or receiving information within the single carrier according to the at least one of the first and second numerologies numerologies. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein subcarriers of allocated RBs of the first numerology are separated from subcarriers of allocated RB s of the second numerology by a frequency gap having a size that is a function of Δf1 or Δf2. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the first subcarrier spacing Δf1 is related to the second subcarrier spacing Δf2 by an integer scaling factor N such that Δf2=N*Δf1. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the first numerology is aligned in the frequency domain according to m*Δf1+Fref and the second numerology is aligned in the frequency domain according to n*Δf2+Fref, wherein m and n are integers. 35. The method of claim 31, wherein the at least one of the first and second numerologies comprises a plurality of different numerologies. 36. The method of claim 31, further comprising transmitting or receiving first and second integers B and D indicating a start frequency relative to a frequency reference and width of a first numerology among the first and second numerologies, wherein the start frequency is defined according to B*K1*Δf, and the bandwidth of the first numerology is defined according to D*K1*Δf, wherein K1 denotes a bandwidth of a smallest addressable unit of the first numerology, expressed in units of a smallest subcarrier spacing of numerologies of the single carrier, and wherein Δf denotes the smallest subcarrier spacing. 37. The method of claim 36, further comprising transmitting or receiving third and fourth integers A and C indicating a start frequency relative to a frequency reference and width of the second numerology, wherein the start frequency of the second numerology is defined according to A*K2*Δf, and the bandwidth of the second numerology is defined according to C*K2*Δf, wherein K2 denotes a bandwidth of a smallest addressable unit of the second numerology, expressed in units of the smallest subcarrier spacing of numerologies of the single carrier. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein the first through fourth integers are transmitted or received in downlink control information (DCI). 39. The method of claim 31, further comprising transmitting or receiving a bitmap indicating a resource allocation of each of the at least one of the first and second numerologies. 40. A user equipment, comprising:
processing circuitry in communication with memory having executable instructions thereon; and at least one transmitter and/or receiver in communication with the processing circuitry and memory and collectively configured to:
addressing resources of multi-subcarrier system using at least one of a first numerology and a second numerology available within a single carrier, the first numerology having resource blocks (RBs) with a first bandwidth and a first subcarrier spacing, Δf1, and the second numerology having RBs with a second bandwidth and a second subcarrier spacing, Δf2, which is different from Δf1, and wherein the first numerology and the second numerology are aligned in the frequency domain relative to a frequency reference, Fref, and based on the first subcarrier spacing and the second subcarrier spacing, respectively; and
transmitting and/or receiving information within the single carrier according to the at least one of the first and second numerologies. | A method of operating a user equipment comprises addressing multi-subcarrier system resources using multiple different numerologies available within a single carrier, the multiple different numerologies comprising a first numerology having resource blocks (RBs) with a first bandwidth and a first subcarrier spacing, Δf1, and a second numerology having RBs with a second bandwidth and a second subcarrier spacing, Δf2, which is different from Δf1, wherein the first numerology is aligned in the frequency domain relative to a frequency reference, Fref, according to m*Δf1+Fref and the second numerology is aligned in the frequency domain relative to the frequency reference, Fref, according to n*Δf2+Fref, where m and n are integers. The method further comprises transmitting and/or receiving information within the single carrier according to the at least one of the multiple different numerologies.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of operating a radio access node, comprising:
addressing resources of a multi-carrier subsystem using a first numerology and a second numerology within a single character, the first numerology having resource blocks (RBs) with a first bandwidth and a first subcarrier spacing, Δf1, and the second numerology having RBs with a second bandwidth and a second subcarrier spacing, Δf2, which is different from Δf1, and wherein the first numerology and the second numerology are aligned in the frequency domain relative to a frequency reference, Fref, and based on the first subcarrier spacing and the second subcarrier spacing, respectively; and transmitting and/or receiving information within the single carrier according to the first and second numerologies. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein subcarriers of allocated RBs of the first numerology are separated from subcarriers of allocated RBs of the second numerology by a frequency gap having a size that is a function of Δf1 or Δf2. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the first subcarrier spacing, Δf1, is related to the second subcarrier spacing Δf2 by an integer scaling factor N such that Δf2=N*Δf1. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the first numerology is aligned in the frequency domain according to m*Δf1+Fref and the second numerology is aligned in the frequency domain according to n*Δf2+Fref, wherein m and n are integers. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the multi-subcarrier system is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the multi-subcarrier system is a pre-coded multi-subcarrier system. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the precoded multi-subcarrier system is a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFTS-OFDM) system. 28. The method of claim 21, further comprising transmitting first and second integers B and D indicating a start frequency relative to a frequency reference and width of the first numerology, wherein the start frequency is defined according to B*K1*Δf, and the bandwidth of the first numerology is defined according to D*K1*Δf, wherein K1 denotes a bandwidth of a smallest addressable unit of the first numerology, expressed in units of a smallest subcarrier spacing of numerologies of the single carrier, and wherein Δf denotes the smallest subcarrier spacing. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising transmitting third and fourth integers A and C indicating a start frequency relative to a frequency reference and width of the second numerology, wherein the start frequency of the second numerology is defined according to A*K2*Δf, and the bandwidth of the second numerology is defined according to C*K2*Δf, wherein K2 denotes a bandwidth of a smallest addressable unit of the second numerology, expressed in units of the smallest subcarrier spacing of numerologies of the single carrier. 30. A radio access node, comprising:
processing circuitry in communication with memory having executable instructions thereon; and at least one transmitter and/or receiver in communication with the processing circuitry and memory and collectively configured to: address multi-subcarrier system resources using a first numerology and a second numerology within a single character, the first numerology having resource blocks (RB s) with a first bandwidth and a first subcarrier spacing, Δf1, and the second numerology having RBs with a second bandwidth and a second subcarrier spacing, Δf2, which is different from Δf1, and wherein the first numerology and the second numerology are aligned in the frequency domain relative to a frequency reference, Fref, and based on the first subcarrier spacing the second subcarrier spacing, respectively; and to transmit and/or receive information within the single carrier according to the first and second numerologies. 31. A method of operating a user equipment, comprising:
addressing resources of multi-subcarrier system using at least one of a first numerology and a second numerology available within a single carrier, the first numerology having resource blocks (RBs) with a first bandwidth and a first subcarrier spacing, Δf1, and the second numerology having RBs with a second bandwidth and a second subcarrier spacing, Δf2, which is different from Δf1, and wherein the first numerology and the second numerology are aligned in the frequency domain relative to a frequency reference, Fref, and based on the first subcarrier spacing and the second subcarrier spacing, respectively; and transmitting and/or receiving information within the single carrier according to the at least one of the first and second numerologies numerologies. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein subcarriers of allocated RBs of the first numerology are separated from subcarriers of allocated RB s of the second numerology by a frequency gap having a size that is a function of Δf1 or Δf2. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the first subcarrier spacing Δf1 is related to the second subcarrier spacing Δf2 by an integer scaling factor N such that Δf2=N*Δf1. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the first numerology is aligned in the frequency domain according to m*Δf1+Fref and the second numerology is aligned in the frequency domain according to n*Δf2+Fref, wherein m and n are integers. 35. The method of claim 31, wherein the at least one of the first and second numerologies comprises a plurality of different numerologies. 36. The method of claim 31, further comprising transmitting or receiving first and second integers B and D indicating a start frequency relative to a frequency reference and width of a first numerology among the first and second numerologies, wherein the start frequency is defined according to B*K1*Δf, and the bandwidth of the first numerology is defined according to D*K1*Δf, wherein K1 denotes a bandwidth of a smallest addressable unit of the first numerology, expressed in units of a smallest subcarrier spacing of numerologies of the single carrier, and wherein Δf denotes the smallest subcarrier spacing. 37. The method of claim 36, further comprising transmitting or receiving third and fourth integers A and C indicating a start frequency relative to a frequency reference and width of the second numerology, wherein the start frequency of the second numerology is defined according to A*K2*Δf, and the bandwidth of the second numerology is defined according to C*K2*Δf, wherein K2 denotes a bandwidth of a smallest addressable unit of the second numerology, expressed in units of the smallest subcarrier spacing of numerologies of the single carrier. 38. The method of claim 36, wherein the first through fourth integers are transmitted or received in downlink control information (DCI). 39. The method of claim 31, further comprising transmitting or receiving a bitmap indicating a resource allocation of each of the at least one of the first and second numerologies. 40. A user equipment, comprising:
processing circuitry in communication with memory having executable instructions thereon; and at least one transmitter and/or receiver in communication with the processing circuitry and memory and collectively configured to:
addressing resources of multi-subcarrier system using at least one of a first numerology and a second numerology available within a single carrier, the first numerology having resource blocks (RBs) with a first bandwidth and a first subcarrier spacing, Δf1, and the second numerology having RBs with a second bandwidth and a second subcarrier spacing, Δf2, which is different from Δf1, and wherein the first numerology and the second numerology are aligned in the frequency domain relative to a frequency reference, Fref, and based on the first subcarrier spacing and the second subcarrier spacing, respectively; and
transmitting and/or receiving information within the single carrier according to the at least one of the first and second numerologies. | 3,600 |
339,775 | 16,800,702 | 3,618 | Methods of formulating live biotherapeutics are disclosed in which a deficiency or excess of a specific bacterial strain in a person's microbiome is identified by comparing a gene-specific characterization of the person's microbiome against a comprehensive, non-redundant reference gene catalog, and the biotherapeutic is formulated by selecting bacteria to address the deficiency or excess. Embodiments include the formulation of live biotherapeutics for improving the health of a person's vaginal microbiome, i.e. using a vaginal reference gene catalog, and may be suitable for ameliorating, treating, or preventing a malignancy such as a cancer of the female genitourinary system. | 1. A method for ameliorating, treating, or preventing a malignancy in a female human subject, comprising:
(a) generating a gene-specific characterization, at an intraspecies level, of the subject's vaginal microbial community; (b) comparing the gene-specific characterization to a reference gene catalog of the human vaginal microbiome, wherein the reference gene catalog comprises at least one metagenome or single-strain genome associated with a healthy microbiome; (c) identifying, based on the comparison of step (b), a deficiency or excess of at least one bacterial strain in the subject's vaginal microbial community; (d) formulating a remedial live biotherapeutic formulation, comprising bacteria adapted to remedy the deficiency or excess of the at least one bacterial strain in the subject's vaginal microbial community; and (e) administering the remedial live biotherapeutic formulation to the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the malignancy is a cancer of the female genitourinary system. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the bacteria adapted to remedy the deficiency or excess of the at least one bacterial strain in the subject's vaginal microbial community comprise a selected strain or consortium of strains of a bacterial species selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus jensenii. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the bacteria comprise at least one of:
(i) Lactobacillus crispatus bacteria configured to express at least one of the asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene of SEQ ID NO: 2; and (ii) Lactobacillus crispatus bacteria containing an asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene encoding at least one of a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3 and a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) comprises at least one sub-step selected from the group consisting of:
(i) preprocessing one or more samples by performing at least one additional procedure selected from the group consisting of removing human contaminants from a sample, quality-filtering, and removing ribosomal RNA; (ii) assembling at least one metagenome from each of one or more samples by executing a procedure to generate one or more de novo assemblies; (iii) compiling coding DNA sequences (CDSs); (iv) applying at least one taxonomic annotation by transitive assignment of species name from reads mapping to contigs; and (v) applying at least one functional annotation using annotations from one or more functional databases. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the live biotherapeutic formulation further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the live biotherapeutic formulation further comprises an agent adapted to reduce or remove free ammonia from the vaginal environment. 8. A method for achieving an improvement in the vaginal health of a female human subject, comprising:
(a) generating a gene-specific characterization, at an intraspecies level, of the subject's vaginal microbial community; (b) comparing the gene-specific characterization to a reference gene catalog of the human vaginal microbiome, wherein the reference gene catalog comprises at least one metagenome or single-strain genome associated with a healthy microbiome; (c) identifying, based on the comparison of step (b), a deficiency or excess of at least one bacterial strain in the subject's vaginal microbial community; (d) formulating a remedial live biotherapeutic formulation, comprising bacteria adapted to remedy the deficiency or excess of the at least one bacterial strain in the subject's vaginal microbial community; and (e) administering the remedial live biotherapeutic formulation to the subject, wherein the improvement is selected from the group consisting of treating bacterial vaginosis in the subject, decreasing ammonia in the vaginal environment of the subject, reducing inflammation in the subject, preventing overgrowth of at least one of Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella spp. in the vagina of the subject, and combinations thereof. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the bacteria adapted to remedy the deficiency or excess of the at least one bacterial strain in the subject's vaginal microbial community comprise a selected strain or consortium of strains of a bacterial species selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus jensenii. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the bacteria comprise at least one of:
(i) Lactobacillus crispatus bacteria configured to express at least one of the asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene of SEQ ID NO: 2; and (ii) Lactobacillus crispatus bacteria containing an asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene encoding at least one of a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3 and a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein step (a) comprises at least one sub-step selected from the group consisting of:
(i) preprocessing one or more samples by performing at least one additional procedure selected from the group consisting of removing human contaminants from a sample, quality-filtering, and removing ribosomal RNA; (ii) assembling at least one metagenome from each of one or more samples by executing a procedure to generate one or more nucleotide based de novo assemblies; (iii) compiling coding DNA sequences (CDSs); (iv) applying at least one taxonomic annotation by transitive assignment of species name from reads mapping to contigs; and (v) applying at least one functional annotation using annotations from one or more functional databases. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the bacterial species is Lactobacillus crispatus, wherein the preselected strain or consortium of strains comprises at least one strain selected from the group consisting of LUCA111, LUCA011, LUCA015, LUCA009, LUCA102, LUCA006, LUCA059, LUCA103, and LUCA008. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the live biotherapeutic formulation further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the live biotherapeutic formulation further comprises an agent adapted to reduce or remove free ammonia from the vaginal environment. 15. A live biotherapeutic formulation adapted for administration to the vaginal environment of a female human subject, comprising one or more of:
(i) Lactobacillus crispatus bacteria configured to express at least one of the asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene of SEQ ID NO: 2; (ii) Lactobacillus crispatus bacteria containing an asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene encoding at least one of a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3 and a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4; and (iii) a preselected strain or consortium of strains of Lactobacillus crispatus, comprising at least one strain selected from the group consisting of LUCA111, LUCA011, LUCA015, LUCA009, LUCA102, LUCA006, LUCA059, LUCA103, and LUCA008. 16. The live biotherapeutic formulation of claim 15, further comprising a redox potential control agent. 17. The live biotherapeutic formulation of claim 15, further comprising a pH buffer configured to maintain a healthy pH of the vaginal environment. 18. The live biotherapeutic formulation of claim 15, further comprising an antimicrobial agent. 19. The live biotherapeutic formulation of claim 15, further comprising a growth promoter. 20. The live biotherapeutic formulation of claim 15, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. | Methods of formulating live biotherapeutics are disclosed in which a deficiency or excess of a specific bacterial strain in a person's microbiome is identified by comparing a gene-specific characterization of the person's microbiome against a comprehensive, non-redundant reference gene catalog, and the biotherapeutic is formulated by selecting bacteria to address the deficiency or excess. Embodiments include the formulation of live biotherapeutics for improving the health of a person's vaginal microbiome, i.e. using a vaginal reference gene catalog, and may be suitable for ameliorating, treating, or preventing a malignancy such as a cancer of the female genitourinary system.1. A method for ameliorating, treating, or preventing a malignancy in a female human subject, comprising:
(a) generating a gene-specific characterization, at an intraspecies level, of the subject's vaginal microbial community; (b) comparing the gene-specific characterization to a reference gene catalog of the human vaginal microbiome, wherein the reference gene catalog comprises at least one metagenome or single-strain genome associated with a healthy microbiome; (c) identifying, based on the comparison of step (b), a deficiency or excess of at least one bacterial strain in the subject's vaginal microbial community; (d) formulating a remedial live biotherapeutic formulation, comprising bacteria adapted to remedy the deficiency or excess of the at least one bacterial strain in the subject's vaginal microbial community; and (e) administering the remedial live biotherapeutic formulation to the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the malignancy is a cancer of the female genitourinary system. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the bacteria adapted to remedy the deficiency or excess of the at least one bacterial strain in the subject's vaginal microbial community comprise a selected strain or consortium of strains of a bacterial species selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus jensenii. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the bacteria comprise at least one of:
(i) Lactobacillus crispatus bacteria configured to express at least one of the asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene of SEQ ID NO: 2; and (ii) Lactobacillus crispatus bacteria containing an asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene encoding at least one of a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3 and a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) comprises at least one sub-step selected from the group consisting of:
(i) preprocessing one or more samples by performing at least one additional procedure selected from the group consisting of removing human contaminants from a sample, quality-filtering, and removing ribosomal RNA; (ii) assembling at least one metagenome from each of one or more samples by executing a procedure to generate one or more de novo assemblies; (iii) compiling coding DNA sequences (CDSs); (iv) applying at least one taxonomic annotation by transitive assignment of species name from reads mapping to contigs; and (v) applying at least one functional annotation using annotations from one or more functional databases. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the live biotherapeutic formulation further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the live biotherapeutic formulation further comprises an agent adapted to reduce or remove free ammonia from the vaginal environment. 8. A method for achieving an improvement in the vaginal health of a female human subject, comprising:
(a) generating a gene-specific characterization, at an intraspecies level, of the subject's vaginal microbial community; (b) comparing the gene-specific characterization to a reference gene catalog of the human vaginal microbiome, wherein the reference gene catalog comprises at least one metagenome or single-strain genome associated with a healthy microbiome; (c) identifying, based on the comparison of step (b), a deficiency or excess of at least one bacterial strain in the subject's vaginal microbial community; (d) formulating a remedial live biotherapeutic formulation, comprising bacteria adapted to remedy the deficiency or excess of the at least one bacterial strain in the subject's vaginal microbial community; and (e) administering the remedial live biotherapeutic formulation to the subject, wherein the improvement is selected from the group consisting of treating bacterial vaginosis in the subject, decreasing ammonia in the vaginal environment of the subject, reducing inflammation in the subject, preventing overgrowth of at least one of Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella spp. in the vagina of the subject, and combinations thereof. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the bacteria adapted to remedy the deficiency or excess of the at least one bacterial strain in the subject's vaginal microbial community comprise a selected strain or consortium of strains of a bacterial species selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus jensenii. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the bacteria comprise at least one of:
(i) Lactobacillus crispatus bacteria configured to express at least one of the asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene of SEQ ID NO: 2; and (ii) Lactobacillus crispatus bacteria containing an asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene encoding at least one of a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3 and a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein step (a) comprises at least one sub-step selected from the group consisting of:
(i) preprocessing one or more samples by performing at least one additional procedure selected from the group consisting of removing human contaminants from a sample, quality-filtering, and removing ribosomal RNA; (ii) assembling at least one metagenome from each of one or more samples by executing a procedure to generate one or more nucleotide based de novo assemblies; (iii) compiling coding DNA sequences (CDSs); (iv) applying at least one taxonomic annotation by transitive assignment of species name from reads mapping to contigs; and (v) applying at least one functional annotation using annotations from one or more functional databases. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the bacterial species is Lactobacillus crispatus, wherein the preselected strain or consortium of strains comprises at least one strain selected from the group consisting of LUCA111, LUCA011, LUCA015, LUCA009, LUCA102, LUCA006, LUCA059, LUCA103, and LUCA008. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the live biotherapeutic formulation further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the live biotherapeutic formulation further comprises an agent adapted to reduce or remove free ammonia from the vaginal environment. 15. A live biotherapeutic formulation adapted for administration to the vaginal environment of a female human subject, comprising one or more of:
(i) Lactobacillus crispatus bacteria configured to express at least one of the asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene of SEQ ID NO: 2; (ii) Lactobacillus crispatus bacteria containing an asparagine synthase B (asnB) gene encoding at least one of a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3 and a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 4; and (iii) a preselected strain or consortium of strains of Lactobacillus crispatus, comprising at least one strain selected from the group consisting of LUCA111, LUCA011, LUCA015, LUCA009, LUCA102, LUCA006, LUCA059, LUCA103, and LUCA008. 16. The live biotherapeutic formulation of claim 15, further comprising a redox potential control agent. 17. The live biotherapeutic formulation of claim 15, further comprising a pH buffer configured to maintain a healthy pH of the vaginal environment. 18. The live biotherapeutic formulation of claim 15, further comprising an antimicrobial agent. 19. The live biotherapeutic formulation of claim 15, further comprising a growth promoter. 20. The live biotherapeutic formulation of claim 15, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. | 3,600 |
339,776 | 16,800,732 | 3,618 | A method of manufacturing an LED assembly is described. The method includes providing an LED package comprising one or more LEDs arranged in a support body and thermal and electrical contact regions on one or more surfaces of the support body. The method further includes providing a heatpipe and forming a thermal contact between a contact region of the LED package and a first end region of the heatpipe. An LED package, an LED assembly, and an LED lighting arrangement are also described. | 1. A method of manufacturing an LED assembly, the method comprising:
providing an LED package comprising one or more LEDs arranged in a support body and thermal and electrical contact regions on one or more surfaces of the support body; providing a heatpipe; and thermally coupling at least one of the thermal and electrical contact regions of the LED package and a first end region of the heatpipe, the thermally coupling including:
performing electrolytic growth to prepare a nanowire field in the first end region of the heatpipe,
performing electrolytic growth to prepare a complementary nanowire field in the at least one of the thermal and electrical contact regions of the support body, and
pressing the LED package onto the heatpipe to engage the nanowire field and the complementary nanowire field. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
providing a heatsink; and thermally coupling the heatsink and a second end region of the heatpipe. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
performing electrolytic growth to prepare another nanowire field in the second end region of the heatpipe; performing electrolytic growth to prepare another complementary nanowire field on a surface of the heatsink; and pressing the heatsink onto the heatpipe to engage the other nanowire field and the other complementary nanowire field 4. An LED assembly comprising:
a heatpipe comprising a first nanowire field in a first end region of the heatpipe; an LED package comprising one or more LEDs in a support body, an anode contact region and a cathode contact region on an underside of the support body, a thermal contact region on the underside of the support body, and at least a second nanowire field in the thermal contact region, the LED package and the heatpipe thermally coupled together via a nanoweld between the second nanowire the first nanowire field. 5. The LED assembly according to claim 4, further comprising at least one of a third nanowire field in the anode contact region and a fourth nanowire in the cathode contact region. 6. The LED assembly according to claim 4, wherein the support body comprises white silicone. 7. The LED assembly according to claim 4, wherein the one or more LEDs comprise two or more series-connected LEDs in the support body with a thickness of at most 0.5 mm. 8. The LED assembly according to claim 4, wherein the heatpipe is an elongate metal part extending between the LED package and a heatsink, and the heatsink is thermally connected to a second end region of the heatpipe. 9. The LED assembly according to claim 8, wherein the heatpipe has a triangular cross-section. 10. The LED assembly according to claim 8, wherein the heatpipe is hollow tube and formed from copper. 11. The LED assembly according to claim 10, wherein the heatpipe further comprises a working fluid inside the hollow tube. 12. The LED assembly according to claim 1, wherein ends of the hollow tube are closed. 13. An LED lighting arrangement comprising:
an LED assembly comprising:
a heatpipe comprising a first nanowire field in a first end region of the heatpipe,
an LED package comprising one or more LEDs in a support body, an anode contact region and a cathode contact region on an underside of the support body, a thermal contact region on the underside of the support body, and at least a second nanowire field in the thermal contact region,
the LED package and the heatpipe thermally coupled together via a nanoweld between the second nanowire the first nanowire field; and
a driver circuit comprising circuit components mounted on a PCB (3), driver circuit electrically coupled to the LED package via electrical connections between the anode and cathode contact regions of the LED package (10P) and corresponding conductive tracks (31, 32) on the PCB. 14. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 13, further comprising a nanowire field on each of the anode contact region and the cathode contact region of the LED package and complementary nanowire fields on the corresponding conductive tracks (31, 32) 15. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 14, wherein the electrical connections between the LED package and the driver circuit comprise nanowelds between the nanowire field on each of the anode contact region and the cathode contact region and the complementary nanowire fields on the conductive tracks. 16. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 13, wherein the nanowire field one each of the anode contact region and the cathode contact region of the LED package and the complementary nanowire fields on the corresponding conductive tracks comprise metal nanowires grown from a seed layer with a density of the nanowires in a nanowire field in a region of 103-106 per mm2. 17. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 13, wherein the nanowire field one each of the anode contact region and the cathode contact region of the LED package and the complementary nanowire fields on the corresponding conductive tracks have a length of at most 80 μm. 18. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 13, wherein the nanowire field one each of the anode contact region and the cathode contact region of the LED package and the complementary nanowire fields on the corresponding conductive tracks have a length of at most 60 μm. 19. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 16, wherein the nanowire field one each of the anode contact region and the cathode contact region of the LED package and the complementary nanowire fields on the corresponding conductive tracks have a length of at most 40 μm. 20. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 13, wherein the heatpipe comprises a hollow tube with a triangular cross section and a working fluid within the hollow tube. | A method of manufacturing an LED assembly is described. The method includes providing an LED package comprising one or more LEDs arranged in a support body and thermal and electrical contact regions on one or more surfaces of the support body. The method further includes providing a heatpipe and forming a thermal contact between a contact region of the LED package and a first end region of the heatpipe. An LED package, an LED assembly, and an LED lighting arrangement are also described.1. A method of manufacturing an LED assembly, the method comprising:
providing an LED package comprising one or more LEDs arranged in a support body and thermal and electrical contact regions on one or more surfaces of the support body; providing a heatpipe; and thermally coupling at least one of the thermal and electrical contact regions of the LED package and a first end region of the heatpipe, the thermally coupling including:
performing electrolytic growth to prepare a nanowire field in the first end region of the heatpipe,
performing electrolytic growth to prepare a complementary nanowire field in the at least one of the thermal and electrical contact regions of the support body, and
pressing the LED package onto the heatpipe to engage the nanowire field and the complementary nanowire field. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
providing a heatsink; and thermally coupling the heatsink and a second end region of the heatpipe. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
performing electrolytic growth to prepare another nanowire field in the second end region of the heatpipe; performing electrolytic growth to prepare another complementary nanowire field on a surface of the heatsink; and pressing the heatsink onto the heatpipe to engage the other nanowire field and the other complementary nanowire field 4. An LED assembly comprising:
a heatpipe comprising a first nanowire field in a first end region of the heatpipe; an LED package comprising one or more LEDs in a support body, an anode contact region and a cathode contact region on an underside of the support body, a thermal contact region on the underside of the support body, and at least a second nanowire field in the thermal contact region, the LED package and the heatpipe thermally coupled together via a nanoweld between the second nanowire the first nanowire field. 5. The LED assembly according to claim 4, further comprising at least one of a third nanowire field in the anode contact region and a fourth nanowire in the cathode contact region. 6. The LED assembly according to claim 4, wherein the support body comprises white silicone. 7. The LED assembly according to claim 4, wherein the one or more LEDs comprise two or more series-connected LEDs in the support body with a thickness of at most 0.5 mm. 8. The LED assembly according to claim 4, wherein the heatpipe is an elongate metal part extending between the LED package and a heatsink, and the heatsink is thermally connected to a second end region of the heatpipe. 9. The LED assembly according to claim 8, wherein the heatpipe has a triangular cross-section. 10. The LED assembly according to claim 8, wherein the heatpipe is hollow tube and formed from copper. 11. The LED assembly according to claim 10, wherein the heatpipe further comprises a working fluid inside the hollow tube. 12. The LED assembly according to claim 1, wherein ends of the hollow tube are closed. 13. An LED lighting arrangement comprising:
an LED assembly comprising:
a heatpipe comprising a first nanowire field in a first end region of the heatpipe,
an LED package comprising one or more LEDs in a support body, an anode contact region and a cathode contact region on an underside of the support body, a thermal contact region on the underside of the support body, and at least a second nanowire field in the thermal contact region,
the LED package and the heatpipe thermally coupled together via a nanoweld between the second nanowire the first nanowire field; and
a driver circuit comprising circuit components mounted on a PCB (3), driver circuit electrically coupled to the LED package via electrical connections between the anode and cathode contact regions of the LED package (10P) and corresponding conductive tracks (31, 32) on the PCB. 14. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 13, further comprising a nanowire field on each of the anode contact region and the cathode contact region of the LED package and complementary nanowire fields on the corresponding conductive tracks (31, 32) 15. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 14, wherein the electrical connections between the LED package and the driver circuit comprise nanowelds between the nanowire field on each of the anode contact region and the cathode contact region and the complementary nanowire fields on the conductive tracks. 16. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 13, wherein the nanowire field one each of the anode contact region and the cathode contact region of the LED package and the complementary nanowire fields on the corresponding conductive tracks comprise metal nanowires grown from a seed layer with a density of the nanowires in a nanowire field in a region of 103-106 per mm2. 17. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 13, wherein the nanowire field one each of the anode contact region and the cathode contact region of the LED package and the complementary nanowire fields on the corresponding conductive tracks have a length of at most 80 μm. 18. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 13, wherein the nanowire field one each of the anode contact region and the cathode contact region of the LED package and the complementary nanowire fields on the corresponding conductive tracks have a length of at most 60 μm. 19. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 16, wherein the nanowire field one each of the anode contact region and the cathode contact region of the LED package and the complementary nanowire fields on the corresponding conductive tracks have a length of at most 40 μm. 20. The LED lighting arrangement according to claim 13, wherein the heatpipe comprises a hollow tube with a triangular cross section and a working fluid within the hollow tube. | 3,600 |
339,777 | 16,800,734 | 3,618 | Configuration discrepancies, such as server drift among different servers or malicious code installed on one or more servers, can be identified using system attribute information regarding processes, CPU usage, memory usage, etc. The system attribute information can be used to generate an image, which can be compared to other images to determine if a configuration discrepancy exists. Image recognition algorithms can be used to facilitate image comparison for different systems. By identifying configuration discrepancies, downtime and other issues can be mitigated and system performance can be improved. | 1. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having stored thereon instructions that are executable by the processor to cause the system to perform operations comprising: receiving system attribute information corresponding to a plurality of computer systems, the system attribute information indicating values for a plurality of operating parameters of the plurality of computer systems; mapping the system attribute information to two-dimensional (2D) image information for each of the computer systems; generating a plurality of 2D images comprising, for each of the computer systems, a respective 2D image based on the 2D image information; comparing a first of the plurality of 2D images to at least one other of the plurality of 2D images; based on the comparing, determining whether a configuration discrepancy exists between at least a first one of the plurality of computer systems and a second one of the plurality of computer systems; and providing output information indicating whether the configuration discrepancy exists. | Configuration discrepancies, such as server drift among different servers or malicious code installed on one or more servers, can be identified using system attribute information regarding processes, CPU usage, memory usage, etc. The system attribute information can be used to generate an image, which can be compared to other images to determine if a configuration discrepancy exists. Image recognition algorithms can be used to facilitate image comparison for different systems. By identifying configuration discrepancies, downtime and other issues can be mitigated and system performance can be improved.1. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having stored thereon instructions that are executable by the processor to cause the system to perform operations comprising: receiving system attribute information corresponding to a plurality of computer systems, the system attribute information indicating values for a plurality of operating parameters of the plurality of computer systems; mapping the system attribute information to two-dimensional (2D) image information for each of the computer systems; generating a plurality of 2D images comprising, for each of the computer systems, a respective 2D image based on the 2D image information; comparing a first of the plurality of 2D images to at least one other of the plurality of 2D images; based on the comparing, determining whether a configuration discrepancy exists between at least a first one of the plurality of computer systems and a second one of the plurality of computer systems; and providing output information indicating whether the configuration discrepancy exists. | 3,600 |
339,778 | 16,800,737 | 3,618 | Cancer treatment using TTFields (Tumor Treating Fields) can be customized to each individual subject by obtaining cancer cells from the subject, determining an electrical characteristic (e.g., dielectrophoretic forces, cell membrane capacitance, etc.) of the cancer cells, determining a frequency for the TTFields based on the determined electrical characteristic, and treating the cancer by applying TTFields to the subject at the determined frequency. In addition, cancer treatment can be planned for each individual subject by obtaining cancer cells from the subject, determining an electrical characteristic of the cancer cells, predicting whether TTFields would be effective to treat the cancer based on the determined electrical characteristic, and treating the subject by applying TTFields if the prediction indicates that TTFields would be effective. | 1. A method of treating cancer in a subject having a cancerous tissue, the method comprising:
obtaining a sample of the cancerous tissue from the subject, the sample having at least one cancer cell; determining an electrical characteristic of the at least one cancer cell; determining a frequency of alternating electric fields to apply to the subject in order to treat the cancer based on the determined electrical characteristic; and treating the cancer by applying an alternating electric field to the subject at the determined frequency of alternating electric fields. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the electrical characteristic comprises measuring dielectrophoretic forces of the at least one cancer cell at each of a plurality of frequencies below 35 kHz. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the frequency comprises choosing a frequency that is effective in treating reference cancer cells that have a known electrical characteristic, wherein the known electrical characteristic matches the determined electrical characteristic. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the electrical characteristic comprises determining cell membrane capacitance. 5. A method of treating cancer in a subject having a cancerous tissue, the method comprising:
obtaining a sample of the cancerous tissue from the subject, the sample having at least one cancer cell; measuring at least one physical parameter of the at least one cancer cell, wherein an electrical characteristic of the at least one cancer cell can be determined from the at least one physical parameter; determining a frequency of alternating electric fields to apply to the subject in order to treat the cancer based on the measured at least one physical parameter; and treating the cancer by applying an alternating electric field to the subject at the determined frequency of alternating electric fields. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the cell membrane capacitance of the at least one cancer cell can be determined from the at least one physical parameter. 7. A method of treating cancer in a subject having a cancerous tissue, the method comprising:
obtaining a sample of the cancerous tissue from the subject, the sample having at least one cancer cell; determining an electrical characteristic of the at least one cancer cell; predicting whether application of alternating electric fields to the subject would be effective to treat the cancer based on the determined electrical characteristic; and treating the cancer by applying an alternating electric field to the subject if the predicting indicates that application of alternating electric fields to the subject would be effective to treat the cancer. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining of the electrical characteristic comprises measuring dielectrophoretic forces of the at least one cancer cell at each of a plurality of frequencies below 35 kHz. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the predicting is based on whether reference cancer cells that have an electrical characteristic that matches the determined electrical characteristic are susceptible to treatment using alternating electric fields. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining of the electrical characteristic comprises determining cell membrane capacitance. 11. A method of treating cancer in a subject having a cancerous tissue, the method comprising:
obtaining a sample of the cancerous tissue from the subject, the sample having at least one cancer cell; measuring at least one physical parameter of the at least one cancer cell, wherein an electrical characteristic of the at least one cancer cell can be determined from the at least one physical parameter; predicting whether application of alternating electric fields to the subject would be effective to treat the cancer based on the measured at least one physical parameter; and treating the cancer by applying an alternating electric field to the subject if the predicting indicates that application of alternating electric fields to the subject would be effective to treat the cancer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the cell membrane capacitance of the at least one cancer cell can be determined from the at least one physical parameter. | Cancer treatment using TTFields (Tumor Treating Fields) can be customized to each individual subject by obtaining cancer cells from the subject, determining an electrical characteristic (e.g., dielectrophoretic forces, cell membrane capacitance, etc.) of the cancer cells, determining a frequency for the TTFields based on the determined electrical characteristic, and treating the cancer by applying TTFields to the subject at the determined frequency. In addition, cancer treatment can be planned for each individual subject by obtaining cancer cells from the subject, determining an electrical characteristic of the cancer cells, predicting whether TTFields would be effective to treat the cancer based on the determined electrical characteristic, and treating the subject by applying TTFields if the prediction indicates that TTFields would be effective.1. A method of treating cancer in a subject having a cancerous tissue, the method comprising:
obtaining a sample of the cancerous tissue from the subject, the sample having at least one cancer cell; determining an electrical characteristic of the at least one cancer cell; determining a frequency of alternating electric fields to apply to the subject in order to treat the cancer based on the determined electrical characteristic; and treating the cancer by applying an alternating electric field to the subject at the determined frequency of alternating electric fields. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the electrical characteristic comprises measuring dielectrophoretic forces of the at least one cancer cell at each of a plurality of frequencies below 35 kHz. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the frequency comprises choosing a frequency that is effective in treating reference cancer cells that have a known electrical characteristic, wherein the known electrical characteristic matches the determined electrical characteristic. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the electrical characteristic comprises determining cell membrane capacitance. 5. A method of treating cancer in a subject having a cancerous tissue, the method comprising:
obtaining a sample of the cancerous tissue from the subject, the sample having at least one cancer cell; measuring at least one physical parameter of the at least one cancer cell, wherein an electrical characteristic of the at least one cancer cell can be determined from the at least one physical parameter; determining a frequency of alternating electric fields to apply to the subject in order to treat the cancer based on the measured at least one physical parameter; and treating the cancer by applying an alternating electric field to the subject at the determined frequency of alternating electric fields. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the cell membrane capacitance of the at least one cancer cell can be determined from the at least one physical parameter. 7. A method of treating cancer in a subject having a cancerous tissue, the method comprising:
obtaining a sample of the cancerous tissue from the subject, the sample having at least one cancer cell; determining an electrical characteristic of the at least one cancer cell; predicting whether application of alternating electric fields to the subject would be effective to treat the cancer based on the determined electrical characteristic; and treating the cancer by applying an alternating electric field to the subject if the predicting indicates that application of alternating electric fields to the subject would be effective to treat the cancer. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining of the electrical characteristic comprises measuring dielectrophoretic forces of the at least one cancer cell at each of a plurality of frequencies below 35 kHz. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the predicting is based on whether reference cancer cells that have an electrical characteristic that matches the determined electrical characteristic are susceptible to treatment using alternating electric fields. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the determining of the electrical characteristic comprises determining cell membrane capacitance. 11. A method of treating cancer in a subject having a cancerous tissue, the method comprising:
obtaining a sample of the cancerous tissue from the subject, the sample having at least one cancer cell; measuring at least one physical parameter of the at least one cancer cell, wherein an electrical characteristic of the at least one cancer cell can be determined from the at least one physical parameter; predicting whether application of alternating electric fields to the subject would be effective to treat the cancer based on the measured at least one physical parameter; and treating the cancer by applying an alternating electric field to the subject if the predicting indicates that application of alternating electric fields to the subject would be effective to treat the cancer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the cell membrane capacitance of the at least one cancer cell can be determined from the at least one physical parameter. | 3,600 |
339,779 | 16,800,726 | 3,618 | An image forming apparatus includes a storage, circuitry, and an information provider. The storage is configured to temporarily store one or more sheets to be removed without being used in the image forming apparatus. The circuitry is configured to determine whether a manual operation is performed on the image forming apparatus and whether the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed a given value in number or height. The information provider is configured to provide information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the manual operation is performed and that the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed the given value in number or height. | 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a storage configured to temporarily store one or more sheets to be removed without being used in the image forming apparatus; circuitry configured to determine whether a manual operation is performed on the image forming apparatus and whether the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed a given value in number or height; and an information provider configured to provide information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the manual operation is performed and that the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed the given value in number or height. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an operation device with which a command is input to the image forming apparatus by the manual operation,
wherein the circuitry is configured to receive the command to the image forming apparatus through communication, wherein the command includes a recovery command to recover the image forming apparatus from a power saving state to cause the image forming apparatus to perform an image forming operation, wherein the information provider is configured to provide the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the recovery command is input by the manual operation of the operation device and that the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed the given value in number or height, and wherein the information provider is configured not to provide the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the recovery command is received through communication. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the circuitry is configured to multiply a number of the one or more sheets stored in the storage by a correction factor based on at least one of a size and a thickness of the one or more sheets to determine whether the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed the given value in number. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein one of a copier function, a printer function, and a scanner function is selectable by the manual operation, and wherein the information provider is configured not to provide the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the scanner function is selected by the manual operation. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein a sequence of image forming operations is reservable, and wherein the information provider is configured to provide the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that one or more of the sequence of image forming operations reserved are in queue and that the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed the given value in number or height. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a display configured to display the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the storage is configured to store the one or more sheets purged and conveyed from a conveyance passage to the storage after failing to be conveyed through the conveyance passage in the image forming apparatus during an image forming operation. 8. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a storage configured to temporarily store one or more sheets to be removed without being used in the image forming apparatus; circuitry configured to determine whether a manual operation is performed on the image forming apparatus and whether the one or more sheets are stored in the storage; and an information provider configured to provide information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the manual operation is performed and that the one or more sheets are stored in the storage. 9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising an operation device with which a command is input to the image forming apparatus by the manual operation,
wherein the circuitry is configured to receive the command to the image forming apparatus through communication, wherein the command includes a recovery command to recover the image forming apparatus from a power saving state to cause the image forming apparatus to perform an image forming operation, wherein the information provider is configured to provide the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the recovery command is input by the manual operation of the operation device and that the one or more sheets are stored in the storage, and wherein the information provider is configured not to provide the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the recovery command is received through communication. | An image forming apparatus includes a storage, circuitry, and an information provider. The storage is configured to temporarily store one or more sheets to be removed without being used in the image forming apparatus. The circuitry is configured to determine whether a manual operation is performed on the image forming apparatus and whether the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed a given value in number or height. The information provider is configured to provide information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the manual operation is performed and that the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed the given value in number or height.1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a storage configured to temporarily store one or more sheets to be removed without being used in the image forming apparatus; circuitry configured to determine whether a manual operation is performed on the image forming apparatus and whether the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed a given value in number or height; and an information provider configured to provide information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the manual operation is performed and that the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed the given value in number or height. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an operation device with which a command is input to the image forming apparatus by the manual operation,
wherein the circuitry is configured to receive the command to the image forming apparatus through communication, wherein the command includes a recovery command to recover the image forming apparatus from a power saving state to cause the image forming apparatus to perform an image forming operation, wherein the information provider is configured to provide the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the recovery command is input by the manual operation of the operation device and that the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed the given value in number or height, and wherein the information provider is configured not to provide the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the recovery command is received through communication. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the circuitry is configured to multiply a number of the one or more sheets stored in the storage by a correction factor based on at least one of a size and a thickness of the one or more sheets to determine whether the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed the given value in number. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein one of a copier function, a printer function, and a scanner function is selectable by the manual operation, and wherein the information provider is configured not to provide the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the scanner function is selected by the manual operation. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein a sequence of image forming operations is reservable, and wherein the information provider is configured to provide the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that one or more of the sequence of image forming operations reserved are in queue and that the one or more sheets stored in the storage exceed the given value in number or height. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a display configured to display the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the storage is configured to store the one or more sheets purged and conveyed from a conveyance passage to the storage after failing to be conveyed through the conveyance passage in the image forming apparatus during an image forming operation. 8. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a storage configured to temporarily store one or more sheets to be removed without being used in the image forming apparatus; circuitry configured to determine whether a manual operation is performed on the image forming apparatus and whether the one or more sheets are stored in the storage; and an information provider configured to provide information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the manual operation is performed and that the one or more sheets are stored in the storage. 9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising an operation device with which a command is input to the image forming apparatus by the manual operation,
wherein the circuitry is configured to receive the command to the image forming apparatus through communication, wherein the command includes a recovery command to recover the image forming apparatus from a power saving state to cause the image forming apparatus to perform an image forming operation, wherein the information provider is configured to provide the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the recovery command is input by the manual operation of the operation device and that the one or more sheets are stored in the storage, and wherein the information provider is configured not to provide the information urging removal of the one or more sheets from the storage in response to determination by the circuitry that the recovery command is received through communication. | 3,600 |
339,780 | 16,800,730 | 3,618 | A three-dimensional molding device includes a discharge unit that discharges a molding material towards a stage, a heating unit that heats the discharge unit, a temperature acquisition unit that acquires a temperature of the molding material placed on the stage, and a control unit. The control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of a temperature Tb of an existing layer, a path cross-sectional area Sb of the existing layer, a specific gravity ρb of a first thermoplastic resin contained in the existing layer, a specific heat Cb of the first thermoplastic resin, a temperature Tu of the heating unit, a path cross-sectional area Su of a subsequent layer, a specific gravity ρu of a second thermoplastic resin contained in the subsequent layer, a specific heat Cu of the second thermoplastic resin, a thermal decomposition temperature Td that is a lower temperature between a thermal decomposition temperature of the first thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the second thermoplastic resin, and a glass transition point Tg that is a higher glass transition point between a glass transition point of the first thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (1). | 1. A three-dimensional molding device comprising:
a plasticizing unit that plasticizes a material containing a thermoplastic resin into a molding material; a discharge unit that discharges the molding material supplied from the plasticizing unit towards a stage; a moving mechanism that changes a relative position between the discharge unit and the stage; a heating unit that heats the discharge unit; a temperature acquisition unit that acquires a temperature of the molding material placed on the stage; and a control unit that controls the plasticizing unit and the moving mechanism to arrange the molding material in a layer along a predetermined path, wherein the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of a temperature Tb of an existing layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the stage, a path cross-sectional area Sb of the existing layer, a specific gravity ρb of a first thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the existing layer, a specific heat Cb of the first thermoplastic resin, a temperature Tu of the heating unit, a path cross-sectional area Su of a subsequent layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the existing layer, a specific gravity ρu of a second thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the subsequent layer, a specific heat Cu of the second thermoplastic resin, a thermal decomposition temperature Td that is a lower temperature between a thermal decomposition temperature of the first thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the second thermoplastic resin, and a glass transition point Tg that is a higher glass transition point between a glass transition point of the first thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (1):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (1). 2. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin is a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the glass transition point Tg, and a temperature Tf that is a lower temperature between a melting point of the one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the other of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (2):
Tf>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (2). 3. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
both the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin are a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the glass transition point Tg, and a melting point Tm that is a lower melting point between a melting point of the first thermoplastic resin and a melting point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (3):
Tm>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (3). 4. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin is a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the thermal decomposition temperature Td, and a temperature Tp that is a lower temperature between a melting point of the one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the other of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (4):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tp (4). 5. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
both the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin are a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the thermal decomposition temperature Td, and a melting point Tq that is a higher melting point between a melting point of the first thermoplastic resin and a melting point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (5):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tq (5). 6. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
a type of the first thermoplastic resin and a type of the second thermoplastic resin are the same, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the thermal decomposition temperature Td, and the glass transition point Tg satisfies the following expression (6):
Td>(Tu×Su×Tb×Sb)/(Su×Sb)>Tg (6) 7. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of molding units that include the plasticizing unit, the discharging unit, and the heating unit. 8. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
the temperature acquisition unit is implemented by a non-contact thermometer. 9. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
the temperature Tb of the existing layer is a temperature of a predetermined region on the path. 10. A method for molding a three-dimensional molded object comprising:
a plasticizing step of plasticizing a material that contains a thermoplastic resin into a molding material; a heating step of heating a discharge unit that discharges the molding material; and a discharging step of discharging the molding material from the discharge unit towards a stage, wherein in the heating step,
a temperature Tb of an existing layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the stage is acquired, and
the discharge unit is heated such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, a path cross-sectional area Sb of the existing layer, a specific gravity ρb of a first thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the existing layer, a specific heat Cb of the first thermoplastic resin, a temperature Tu of the molding material that is discharged from the discharge unit, a path cross-sectional area Su of a subsequent layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the existing layer, a specific gravity ρu of a second thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the subsequent layer, a specific heat Cu of the second thermoplastic resin, a thermal decomposition temperature Td that is a lower temperature between a thermal decomposition temperature of the first thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the second thermoplastic resin, and a glass transition point Tg that is a higher glass transition point between a glass transition point of the first thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (7):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (7). | A three-dimensional molding device includes a discharge unit that discharges a molding material towards a stage, a heating unit that heats the discharge unit, a temperature acquisition unit that acquires a temperature of the molding material placed on the stage, and a control unit. The control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of a temperature Tb of an existing layer, a path cross-sectional area Sb of the existing layer, a specific gravity ρb of a first thermoplastic resin contained in the existing layer, a specific heat Cb of the first thermoplastic resin, a temperature Tu of the heating unit, a path cross-sectional area Su of a subsequent layer, a specific gravity ρu of a second thermoplastic resin contained in the subsequent layer, a specific heat Cu of the second thermoplastic resin, a thermal decomposition temperature Td that is a lower temperature between a thermal decomposition temperature of the first thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the second thermoplastic resin, and a glass transition point Tg that is a higher glass transition point between a glass transition point of the first thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (1).1. A three-dimensional molding device comprising:
a plasticizing unit that plasticizes a material containing a thermoplastic resin into a molding material; a discharge unit that discharges the molding material supplied from the plasticizing unit towards a stage; a moving mechanism that changes a relative position between the discharge unit and the stage; a heating unit that heats the discharge unit; a temperature acquisition unit that acquires a temperature of the molding material placed on the stage; and a control unit that controls the plasticizing unit and the moving mechanism to arrange the molding material in a layer along a predetermined path, wherein the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of a temperature Tb of an existing layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the stage, a path cross-sectional area Sb of the existing layer, a specific gravity ρb of a first thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the existing layer, a specific heat Cb of the first thermoplastic resin, a temperature Tu of the heating unit, a path cross-sectional area Su of a subsequent layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the existing layer, a specific gravity ρu of a second thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the subsequent layer, a specific heat Cu of the second thermoplastic resin, a thermal decomposition temperature Td that is a lower temperature between a thermal decomposition temperature of the first thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the second thermoplastic resin, and a glass transition point Tg that is a higher glass transition point between a glass transition point of the first thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (1):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (1). 2. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin is a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the glass transition point Tg, and a temperature Tf that is a lower temperature between a melting point of the one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the other of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (2):
Tf>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (2). 3. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
both the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin are a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the glass transition point Tg, and a melting point Tm that is a lower melting point between a melting point of the first thermoplastic resin and a melting point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (3):
Tm>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (3). 4. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin is a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the thermal decomposition temperature Td, and a temperature Tp that is a lower temperature between a melting point of the one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the other of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (4):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tp (4). 5. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
both the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin are a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the thermal decomposition temperature Td, and a melting point Tq that is a higher melting point between a melting point of the first thermoplastic resin and a melting point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (5):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tq (5). 6. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
a type of the first thermoplastic resin and a type of the second thermoplastic resin are the same, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the thermal decomposition temperature Td, and the glass transition point Tg satisfies the following expression (6):
Td>(Tu×Su×Tb×Sb)/(Su×Sb)>Tg (6) 7. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of molding units that include the plasticizing unit, the discharging unit, and the heating unit. 8. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
the temperature acquisition unit is implemented by a non-contact thermometer. 9. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
the temperature Tb of the existing layer is a temperature of a predetermined region on the path. 10. A method for molding a three-dimensional molded object comprising:
a plasticizing step of plasticizing a material that contains a thermoplastic resin into a molding material; a heating step of heating a discharge unit that discharges the molding material; and a discharging step of discharging the molding material from the discharge unit towards a stage, wherein in the heating step,
a temperature Tb of an existing layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the stage is acquired, and
the discharge unit is heated such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, a path cross-sectional area Sb of the existing layer, a specific gravity ρb of a first thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the existing layer, a specific heat Cb of the first thermoplastic resin, a temperature Tu of the molding material that is discharged from the discharge unit, a path cross-sectional area Su of a subsequent layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the existing layer, a specific gravity ρu of a second thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the subsequent layer, a specific heat Cu of the second thermoplastic resin, a thermal decomposition temperature Td that is a lower temperature between a thermal decomposition temperature of the first thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the second thermoplastic resin, and a glass transition point Tg that is a higher glass transition point between a glass transition point of the first thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (7):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (7). | 3,600 |
339,781 | 16,800,701 | 3,618 | A three-dimensional molding device includes a discharge unit that discharges a molding material towards a stage, a heating unit that heats the discharge unit, a temperature acquisition unit that acquires a temperature of the molding material placed on the stage, and a control unit. The control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of a temperature Tb of an existing layer, a path cross-sectional area Sb of the existing layer, a specific gravity ρb of a first thermoplastic resin contained in the existing layer, a specific heat Cb of the first thermoplastic resin, a temperature Tu of the heating unit, a path cross-sectional area Su of a subsequent layer, a specific gravity ρu of a second thermoplastic resin contained in the subsequent layer, a specific heat Cu of the second thermoplastic resin, a thermal decomposition temperature Td that is a lower temperature between a thermal decomposition temperature of the first thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the second thermoplastic resin, and a glass transition point Tg that is a higher glass transition point between a glass transition point of the first thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (1). | 1. A three-dimensional molding device comprising:
a plasticizing unit that plasticizes a material containing a thermoplastic resin into a molding material; a discharge unit that discharges the molding material supplied from the plasticizing unit towards a stage; a moving mechanism that changes a relative position between the discharge unit and the stage; a heating unit that heats the discharge unit; a temperature acquisition unit that acquires a temperature of the molding material placed on the stage; and a control unit that controls the plasticizing unit and the moving mechanism to arrange the molding material in a layer along a predetermined path, wherein the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of a temperature Tb of an existing layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the stage, a path cross-sectional area Sb of the existing layer, a specific gravity ρb of a first thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the existing layer, a specific heat Cb of the first thermoplastic resin, a temperature Tu of the heating unit, a path cross-sectional area Su of a subsequent layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the existing layer, a specific gravity ρu of a second thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the subsequent layer, a specific heat Cu of the second thermoplastic resin, a thermal decomposition temperature Td that is a lower temperature between a thermal decomposition temperature of the first thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the second thermoplastic resin, and a glass transition point Tg that is a higher glass transition point between a glass transition point of the first thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (1):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (1). 2. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin is a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the glass transition point Tg, and a temperature Tf that is a lower temperature between a melting point of the one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the other of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (2):
Tf>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (2). 3. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
both the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin are a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the glass transition point Tg, and a melting point Tm that is a lower melting point between a melting point of the first thermoplastic resin and a melting point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (3):
Tm>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (3). 4. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin is a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the thermal decomposition temperature Td, and a temperature Tp that is a lower temperature between a melting point of the one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the other of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (4):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tp (4). 5. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
both the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin are a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the thermal decomposition temperature Td, and a melting point Tq that is a higher melting point between a melting point of the first thermoplastic resin and a melting point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (5):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tq (5). 6. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
a type of the first thermoplastic resin and a type of the second thermoplastic resin are the same, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the thermal decomposition temperature Td, and the glass transition point Tg satisfies the following expression (6):
Td>(Tu×Su×Tb×Sb)/(Su×Sb)>Tg (6) 7. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of molding units that include the plasticizing unit, the discharging unit, and the heating unit. 8. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
the temperature acquisition unit is implemented by a non-contact thermometer. 9. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
the temperature Tb of the existing layer is a temperature of a predetermined region on the path. 10. A method for molding a three-dimensional molded object comprising:
a plasticizing step of plasticizing a material that contains a thermoplastic resin into a molding material; a heating step of heating a discharge unit that discharges the molding material; and a discharging step of discharging the molding material from the discharge unit towards a stage, wherein in the heating step,
a temperature Tb of an existing layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the stage is acquired, and
the discharge unit is heated such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, a path cross-sectional area Sb of the existing layer, a specific gravity ρb of a first thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the existing layer, a specific heat Cb of the first thermoplastic resin, a temperature Tu of the molding material that is discharged from the discharge unit, a path cross-sectional area Su of a subsequent layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the existing layer, a specific gravity ρu of a second thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the subsequent layer, a specific heat Cu of the second thermoplastic resin, a thermal decomposition temperature Td that is a lower temperature between a thermal decomposition temperature of the first thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the second thermoplastic resin, and a glass transition point Tg that is a higher glass transition point between a glass transition point of the first thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (7):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (7). | A three-dimensional molding device includes a discharge unit that discharges a molding material towards a stage, a heating unit that heats the discharge unit, a temperature acquisition unit that acquires a temperature of the molding material placed on the stage, and a control unit. The control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of a temperature Tb of an existing layer, a path cross-sectional area Sb of the existing layer, a specific gravity ρb of a first thermoplastic resin contained in the existing layer, a specific heat Cb of the first thermoplastic resin, a temperature Tu of the heating unit, a path cross-sectional area Su of a subsequent layer, a specific gravity ρu of a second thermoplastic resin contained in the subsequent layer, a specific heat Cu of the second thermoplastic resin, a thermal decomposition temperature Td that is a lower temperature between a thermal decomposition temperature of the first thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the second thermoplastic resin, and a glass transition point Tg that is a higher glass transition point between a glass transition point of the first thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (1).1. A three-dimensional molding device comprising:
a plasticizing unit that plasticizes a material containing a thermoplastic resin into a molding material; a discharge unit that discharges the molding material supplied from the plasticizing unit towards a stage; a moving mechanism that changes a relative position between the discharge unit and the stage; a heating unit that heats the discharge unit; a temperature acquisition unit that acquires a temperature of the molding material placed on the stage; and a control unit that controls the plasticizing unit and the moving mechanism to arrange the molding material in a layer along a predetermined path, wherein the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of a temperature Tb of an existing layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the stage, a path cross-sectional area Sb of the existing layer, a specific gravity ρb of a first thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the existing layer, a specific heat Cb of the first thermoplastic resin, a temperature Tu of the heating unit, a path cross-sectional area Su of a subsequent layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the existing layer, a specific gravity ρu of a second thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the subsequent layer, a specific heat Cu of the second thermoplastic resin, a thermal decomposition temperature Td that is a lower temperature between a thermal decomposition temperature of the first thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the second thermoplastic resin, and a glass transition point Tg that is a higher glass transition point between a glass transition point of the first thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (1):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (1). 2. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin is a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the glass transition point Tg, and a temperature Tf that is a lower temperature between a melting point of the one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the other of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (2):
Tf>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (2). 3. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
both the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin are a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the glass transition point Tg, and a melting point Tm that is a lower melting point between a melting point of the first thermoplastic resin and a melting point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (3):
Tm>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (3). 4. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin is a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the thermal decomposition temperature Td, and a temperature Tp that is a lower temperature between a melting point of the one of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the other of the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (4):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tp (4). 5. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
both the first thermoplastic resin and the second thermoplastic resin are a crystallographic thermoplastic resin, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the specific gravity ρb, the specific heat Cb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the specific gravity ρu, the specific heat Cu, the thermal decomposition temperature Td, and a melting point Tq that is a higher melting point between a melting point of the first thermoplastic resin and a melting point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (5):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tq (5). 6. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
a type of the first thermoplastic resin and a type of the second thermoplastic resin are the same, and the control unit controls the heating unit such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, the path cross-sectional area Sb, the temperature Tu, the path cross-sectional area Su, the thermal decomposition temperature Td, and the glass transition point Tg satisfies the following expression (6):
Td>(Tu×Su×Tb×Sb)/(Su×Sb)>Tg (6) 7. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of molding units that include the plasticizing unit, the discharging unit, and the heating unit. 8. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
the temperature acquisition unit is implemented by a non-contact thermometer. 9. The three-dimensional molding device according to claim 1, wherein
the temperature Tb of the existing layer is a temperature of a predetermined region on the path. 10. A method for molding a three-dimensional molded object comprising:
a plasticizing step of plasticizing a material that contains a thermoplastic resin into a molding material; a heating step of heating a discharge unit that discharges the molding material; and a discharging step of discharging the molding material from the discharge unit towards a stage, wherein in the heating step,
a temperature Tb of an existing layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the stage is acquired, and
the discharge unit is heated such that a relationship of the temperature Tb, a path cross-sectional area Sb of the existing layer, a specific gravity ρb of a first thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the existing layer, a specific heat Cb of the first thermoplastic resin, a temperature Tu of the molding material that is discharged from the discharge unit, a path cross-sectional area Su of a subsequent layer that is a layer of the molding material placed on the existing layer, a specific gravity ρu of a second thermoplastic resin contained in a material used for molding the subsequent layer, a specific heat Cu of the second thermoplastic resin, a thermal decomposition temperature Td that is a lower temperature between a thermal decomposition temperature of the first thermoplastic resin and a thermal decomposition temperature of the second thermoplastic resin, and a glass transition point Tg that is a higher glass transition point between a glass transition point of the first thermoplastic resin and a glass transition point of the second thermoplastic resin satisfies the following expression (7):
Td>(Tu×Su×ρu×Cu+Tb×Sb×ρb×Cb)/(Su×ρu×Cu+Sb×ρb×Cb)>Tg (7). | 3,600 |
339,782 | 16,800,651 | 3,618 | The present disclosure relates, in part, to a scanning sufficiency apparatus that computes whether a handheld scanning device has scanned a volume for a sufficiently long time for there to be detections and then indicate to the user that the time is sufficient in 3-D rendered voxels. Also described is a hand held medical navigation apparatus with system and methods to map targets inside a patient's body. | 1. A scanning sufficiency apparatus, comprising:
an ionizing radiation sensor within a housing assembly; a tracking system providing a position and orientation of the sensor with respect to an examined object; at least one processor; and a memory operatively coupled with the sensor, the at least one processor, and the tracking system, the memory having instructions for execution by the at least one processor configured to:
associate scanning data from the sensor with the position and orientation of the sensor with respect to the examined object to create registered scans;
separate an adjacent volumetric space into three-dimensional (3D) imaging elements;
produce a 3D model of radioactive sources by combining the registered scans; and
calculate a scanning completeness of a particular 3D imaging element to obtain a scanning completeness value (SCV),
wherein the calculation of the SCV uses the sensor tracking information to determine partial volumes that have been scanned enough and partial volumes that have not been scanned enough for a defined scanning objective. 2. The apparatus of claim 1,
further comprising a visualization device operatively linked to the at least one processor to show an image; the memory having instructions for execution by the at least one processor configured to: create a map of SCV values; and create the image to include a rendering of the map of SCV values. 3. The apparatus of claim 2,
wherein the visualization device comprises a head mounted display. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the image comprises a rendering of a 3D model of the examined object, a rendering of a 3D map of radioactive sources measured by the sensor, or a combination thereof 5. The apparatus of claim 2,
further comprising an optical camera, wherein the memory has instructions for execution by the at least one processor configured to:
combine a visual image processed from a visual image captured by the camera with a rendering of the map of SCV values to generate a combined image; and
deliver the ensuing combined image to the visualization device. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein
the camera is at least partially enclosed within the housing assembly. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the SCV takes into account summing probabilities that signals emitted by a radioactive source inside the imaging element is detected by the sensor over a scanning period. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the SCV takes into account coverage of directions from which the sensor observed the imaging element over a scan period. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the SCV takes into account the 3D model of radioactive sources. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein when scanning completeness of a particular imaging element is sufficient, a user is notified by an indication. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the indication is selected from the group consisting of an audible sound, a color change in a voxel, and a conversion of a voxel from opaque to transparent. 12. A scanning sufficiency apparatus, comprising:
a detector; a tracking camera rigidly attached to the detector and being a known proximity to the detector; at least one processor; and a memory operatively coupled with the detector, the at least one processor, and the tracking camera, the memory having instructions for execution by the at least one processor configured to:
calculate a spatial position and orientation of the tracking camera with respect to a subject to create tracking data;
associate scanning data from the detector with the calculated spatial position and orientation of the tracking camera to determine a position and orientation of the scanning data using the known proximity of the detector to the tracking camera;
produce a three dimensional (3D) model of the subject using one or more signals detected by the detector and the position and orientation of the scanning data; and
separate the 3D model into imaging elements,
wherein a scanning completeness of a particular imaging element is determined by calculating a scanning completeness value (SCV), and wherein the calculation of the SCV uses the tracking data. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the SCV is determined by summing probabilities that a signal emitted or reflected from inside the imaging element is detected by the detector over a scanning period. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
a display screen operably linked to the at least one processor to show an image. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, the memory having instructions for execution by the at least one processor is configured to create a map of SCV values,
wherein the image comprises a rendering of the map of SCV values. 16. The apparatus of claim 14,
wherein the image comprises the 3D model of the subject, a 3D mesh of the subject's surface, or a combination thereof. 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the image comprises an overlapped view of the 3D model of the subject and camera images. 18. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein when scanning completeness of a particular volumetric unit is sufficient, a user is notified by an indication. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the indication is selected from a group consisting of an audible sound, a color change in a voxel, and a conversion of a voxel from opaque to transparent. 20. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein a fiducial marker applied to an area of interest is used to aid calculating a spatial position and orientation of the tracking camera. 21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the fiducial marker comprises a binary coding. 22. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the detector is selected from a group consisting of a radiation detector, an electromagnetic sensor, a magnetic sensor, and an ultrasound device. 23. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the tracking camera comprises an optical camera. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the optical camera is selected from the group consisting of a visible light camera and an infrared (IR) camera. 25. A method for performing an optimized scan of a subject, the method comprising:
scanning the subject with a detector; tracking the detector to provide a position and orientation of the detector with respect to an examined object; associating scanning data from the detector with the position and orientation of the detector with respect to the examined object to create a registered scan; separating an adjacent volumetric space into 3D imaging elements; producing a 3D model of the subject by combining the registered scans; and calculating a scanning completeness of a particular 3D imaging element to obtain a scanning completeness value (SCV), wherein the calculation of the SCV uses the detector tracking information to determine partial volumes that have been scanned enough and partial volumes that have not been scanned enough for a defined scanning objective. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
using the SCV to guide further scanning of the subject with the detector to acquire a more complete dataset. 27. The method of claim 25,
wherein the calculation of SCV takes into account summing the probabilities that the signal emitted or reflected from inside the imaging element is detected by the detector over the scanning period. 28. The method of claim 25,
wherein the calculation of SCV takes into account the 3D model of the subject. 29. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
displaying on a screen an image comprising a representation of the 3D model of the subject, a 3D mesh of the subject, a map of SCV, or a combination thereof. 30. The method of claim 25,
wherein the detector is selected from a group consisting of a radiation detector, an electromagnetic sensor, a magnetic sensor, and an ultrasound device. | The present disclosure relates, in part, to a scanning sufficiency apparatus that computes whether a handheld scanning device has scanned a volume for a sufficiently long time for there to be detections and then indicate to the user that the time is sufficient in 3-D rendered voxels. Also described is a hand held medical navigation apparatus with system and methods to map targets inside a patient's body.1. A scanning sufficiency apparatus, comprising:
an ionizing radiation sensor within a housing assembly; a tracking system providing a position and orientation of the sensor with respect to an examined object; at least one processor; and a memory operatively coupled with the sensor, the at least one processor, and the tracking system, the memory having instructions for execution by the at least one processor configured to:
associate scanning data from the sensor with the position and orientation of the sensor with respect to the examined object to create registered scans;
separate an adjacent volumetric space into three-dimensional (3D) imaging elements;
produce a 3D model of radioactive sources by combining the registered scans; and
calculate a scanning completeness of a particular 3D imaging element to obtain a scanning completeness value (SCV),
wherein the calculation of the SCV uses the sensor tracking information to determine partial volumes that have been scanned enough and partial volumes that have not been scanned enough for a defined scanning objective. 2. The apparatus of claim 1,
further comprising a visualization device operatively linked to the at least one processor to show an image; the memory having instructions for execution by the at least one processor configured to: create a map of SCV values; and create the image to include a rendering of the map of SCV values. 3. The apparatus of claim 2,
wherein the visualization device comprises a head mounted display. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the image comprises a rendering of a 3D model of the examined object, a rendering of a 3D map of radioactive sources measured by the sensor, or a combination thereof 5. The apparatus of claim 2,
further comprising an optical camera, wherein the memory has instructions for execution by the at least one processor configured to:
combine a visual image processed from a visual image captured by the camera with a rendering of the map of SCV values to generate a combined image; and
deliver the ensuing combined image to the visualization device. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein
the camera is at least partially enclosed within the housing assembly. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the SCV takes into account summing probabilities that signals emitted by a radioactive source inside the imaging element is detected by the sensor over a scanning period. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the SCV takes into account coverage of directions from which the sensor observed the imaging element over a scan period. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the SCV takes into account the 3D model of radioactive sources. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein when scanning completeness of a particular imaging element is sufficient, a user is notified by an indication. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the indication is selected from the group consisting of an audible sound, a color change in a voxel, and a conversion of a voxel from opaque to transparent. 12. A scanning sufficiency apparatus, comprising:
a detector; a tracking camera rigidly attached to the detector and being a known proximity to the detector; at least one processor; and a memory operatively coupled with the detector, the at least one processor, and the tracking camera, the memory having instructions for execution by the at least one processor configured to:
calculate a spatial position and orientation of the tracking camera with respect to a subject to create tracking data;
associate scanning data from the detector with the calculated spatial position and orientation of the tracking camera to determine a position and orientation of the scanning data using the known proximity of the detector to the tracking camera;
produce a three dimensional (3D) model of the subject using one or more signals detected by the detector and the position and orientation of the scanning data; and
separate the 3D model into imaging elements,
wherein a scanning completeness of a particular imaging element is determined by calculating a scanning completeness value (SCV), and wherein the calculation of the SCV uses the tracking data. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the SCV is determined by summing probabilities that a signal emitted or reflected from inside the imaging element is detected by the detector over a scanning period. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
a display screen operably linked to the at least one processor to show an image. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, the memory having instructions for execution by the at least one processor is configured to create a map of SCV values,
wherein the image comprises a rendering of the map of SCV values. 16. The apparatus of claim 14,
wherein the image comprises the 3D model of the subject, a 3D mesh of the subject's surface, or a combination thereof. 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the image comprises an overlapped view of the 3D model of the subject and camera images. 18. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein when scanning completeness of a particular volumetric unit is sufficient, a user is notified by an indication. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the indication is selected from a group consisting of an audible sound, a color change in a voxel, and a conversion of a voxel from opaque to transparent. 20. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein a fiducial marker applied to an area of interest is used to aid calculating a spatial position and orientation of the tracking camera. 21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the fiducial marker comprises a binary coding. 22. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the detector is selected from a group consisting of a radiation detector, an electromagnetic sensor, a magnetic sensor, and an ultrasound device. 23. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the tracking camera comprises an optical camera. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the optical camera is selected from the group consisting of a visible light camera and an infrared (IR) camera. 25. A method for performing an optimized scan of a subject, the method comprising:
scanning the subject with a detector; tracking the detector to provide a position and orientation of the detector with respect to an examined object; associating scanning data from the detector with the position and orientation of the detector with respect to the examined object to create a registered scan; separating an adjacent volumetric space into 3D imaging elements; producing a 3D model of the subject by combining the registered scans; and calculating a scanning completeness of a particular 3D imaging element to obtain a scanning completeness value (SCV), wherein the calculation of the SCV uses the detector tracking information to determine partial volumes that have been scanned enough and partial volumes that have not been scanned enough for a defined scanning objective. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
using the SCV to guide further scanning of the subject with the detector to acquire a more complete dataset. 27. The method of claim 25,
wherein the calculation of SCV takes into account summing the probabilities that the signal emitted or reflected from inside the imaging element is detected by the detector over the scanning period. 28. The method of claim 25,
wherein the calculation of SCV takes into account the 3D model of the subject. 29. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
displaying on a screen an image comprising a representation of the 3D model of the subject, a 3D mesh of the subject, a map of SCV, or a combination thereof. 30. The method of claim 25,
wherein the detector is selected from a group consisting of a radiation detector, an electromagnetic sensor, a magnetic sensor, and an ultrasound device. | 3,600 |
339,783 | 16,800,721 | 3,618 | A process for preparing a batch of highly purified, pharmaceutical grade tasimelteon comprises analyzing a batch of tasimelteon synthesized under GMP conditions for the presence of one or more identified impurities. | 1. A composition comprising tasimelteon prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
contacting and reacting (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl) cyclopropane carboxamide with a reducing agent and an acid in an organic solvent to prepare ((1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)cyclopropyl) methanamine or a salt thereof; and contacting and reacting the ((1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl) cyclopropyl)methanamine with a propionylating reagent to prepare tasimelteon. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the reducing agent comprises LiAlH4. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the acid comprises HCl. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent comprises TBME. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the propionylating agent comprises propionyl chloride. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the propionylation step further includes an organic solvent and a base. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the base comprises NaOH. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran -4-yl)cyclopropane carboxamide is reduced to prepare ((1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)cyclopropyl)methanamine or a salt thereof. 9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition according to claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. | A process for preparing a batch of highly purified, pharmaceutical grade tasimelteon comprises analyzing a batch of tasimelteon synthesized under GMP conditions for the presence of one or more identified impurities.1. A composition comprising tasimelteon prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
contacting and reacting (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl) cyclopropane carboxamide with a reducing agent and an acid in an organic solvent to prepare ((1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)cyclopropyl) methanamine or a salt thereof; and contacting and reacting the ((1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl) cyclopropyl)methanamine with a propionylating reagent to prepare tasimelteon. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the reducing agent comprises LiAlH4. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the acid comprises HCl. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent comprises TBME. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the propionylating agent comprises propionyl chloride. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the propionylation step further includes an organic solvent and a base. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the base comprises NaOH. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran -4-yl)cyclopropane carboxamide is reduced to prepare ((1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)cyclopropyl)methanamine or a salt thereof. 9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition according to claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. | 3,600 |
339,784 | 16,800,633 | 3,618 | A process for preparing a batch of highly purified, pharmaceutical grade tasimelteon comprises analyzing a batch of tasimelteon synthesized under GMP conditions for the presence of one or more identified impurities. | 1. A composition comprising tasimelteon prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
contacting and reacting (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl) cyclopropane carboxamide with a reducing agent and an acid in an organic solvent to prepare ((1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)cyclopropyl) methanamine or a salt thereof; and contacting and reacting the ((1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl) cyclopropyl)methanamine with a propionylating reagent to prepare tasimelteon. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the reducing agent comprises LiAlH4. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the acid comprises HCl. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent comprises TBME. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the propionylating agent comprises propionyl chloride. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the propionylation step further includes an organic solvent and a base. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the base comprises NaOH. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran -4-yl)cyclopropane carboxamide is reduced to prepare ((1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)cyclopropyl)methanamine or a salt thereof. 9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition according to claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. | A process for preparing a batch of highly purified, pharmaceutical grade tasimelteon comprises analyzing a batch of tasimelteon synthesized under GMP conditions for the presence of one or more identified impurities.1. A composition comprising tasimelteon prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
contacting and reacting (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl) cyclopropane carboxamide with a reducing agent and an acid in an organic solvent to prepare ((1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)cyclopropyl) methanamine or a salt thereof; and contacting and reacting the ((1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl) cyclopropyl)methanamine with a propionylating reagent to prepare tasimelteon. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the reducing agent comprises LiAlH4. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the acid comprises HCl. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent comprises TBME. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the propionylating agent comprises propionyl chloride. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the propionylation step further includes an organic solvent and a base. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the base comprises NaOH. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the (1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran -4-yl)cyclopropane carboxamide is reduced to prepare ((1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-yl)cyclopropyl)methanamine or a salt thereof. 9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition according to claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. | 3,600 |
339,785 | 16,800,694 | 3,618 | Disclosed are derivatives of amphotericin B (AmB) characterized by improved therapeutic index compared to AmB. The AmB derivatives include C16 ureas, carbamates, and amides according to Formula (I); C3′-substituted C16 ureas, carbamates, and amides according to Formula (II); C16 acyls according to Formula (III); C2′epi-C16 ureas, carbamates, and amides according to Formula (IV); and C16 oxazolidinone derivatives according to Formula (V). Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the AmB derivatives, and therapeutic methods of using the AmB derivatives. | 1.-80. (canceled) 81. A method of treating a fungal infection, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula IV, thereby treating the fungal infection; 82. The method of claim 81, wherein the compound is administered intravenously. 83. The method of claim 81, wherein the compound is administered orally. 84. The method of claim 81, wherein X is —N(R2)—. 85. The method of claim 81, wherein X is —C(R3)(R3)—. 86. The method of claim 81, wherein X is —O—. 87. The method of claim 81, wherein —XR1 is selected from the group consisting of 88. The method of claim 81, wherein —XR1 is selected from the group consisting of 89. The method of claim 81, wherein —XR1 is selected from the group consisting of 90. The method of claim 81, wherein —XR1 is selected from the group consisting of 91. The method of claim 81, wherein —XR1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, propenyl, 92. The method of claim 81, wherein X is —O—; and R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, propenyl, 93. The method of claim 81, wherein R5 is hydrogen. 94. The method of claim 81, wherein R5 is alkyl. 95. The method of claim 81, wherein R5 is haloalkyl. 96. The method of claim 81, wherein R2 is hydrogen. 97. The method of claim 81, wherein the fungal infection is caused by a pathogenic yeast. 98. The method of claim 97, wherein the pathogenic yeast is a species of a genus selected from the group consisting of Candida and Cryptococcus. 99. The method of claim 98, wherein the pathogenic yeast is Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida stellatoidea, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida viswanathii, or Candida lusitaniae. 100. The method of claim 98, wherein the pathogenic yeast is Cryptococcus neoformans. 101. The method of claim 97, wherein the pathogenic yeast causes an infection in the oral, esophageal, or vaginal mucosal membranes. 102. The method of claim 81, wherein the fungal infection is caused by a non-yeast fungal pathogen. 103. The method of claim 102, wherein the non-yeast fungal pathogen is a species of a genus selected from the group consisting of Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Blastomyces, Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. 104. The method of claim 103, wherein the non-yeast fungal pathogen is selected from the group consisting of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Blastomyces dermatitidis. | Disclosed are derivatives of amphotericin B (AmB) characterized by improved therapeutic index compared to AmB. The AmB derivatives include C16 ureas, carbamates, and amides according to Formula (I); C3′-substituted C16 ureas, carbamates, and amides according to Formula (II); C16 acyls according to Formula (III); C2′epi-C16 ureas, carbamates, and amides according to Formula (IV); and C16 oxazolidinone derivatives according to Formula (V). Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the AmB derivatives, and therapeutic methods of using the AmB derivatives.1.-80. (canceled) 81. A method of treating a fungal infection, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula IV, thereby treating the fungal infection; 82. The method of claim 81, wherein the compound is administered intravenously. 83. The method of claim 81, wherein the compound is administered orally. 84. The method of claim 81, wherein X is —N(R2)—. 85. The method of claim 81, wherein X is —C(R3)(R3)—. 86. The method of claim 81, wherein X is —O—. 87. The method of claim 81, wherein —XR1 is selected from the group consisting of 88. The method of claim 81, wherein —XR1 is selected from the group consisting of 89. The method of claim 81, wherein —XR1 is selected from the group consisting of 90. The method of claim 81, wherein —XR1 is selected from the group consisting of 91. The method of claim 81, wherein —XR1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, propenyl, 92. The method of claim 81, wherein X is —O—; and R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, propenyl, 93. The method of claim 81, wherein R5 is hydrogen. 94. The method of claim 81, wherein R5 is alkyl. 95. The method of claim 81, wherein R5 is haloalkyl. 96. The method of claim 81, wherein R2 is hydrogen. 97. The method of claim 81, wherein the fungal infection is caused by a pathogenic yeast. 98. The method of claim 97, wherein the pathogenic yeast is a species of a genus selected from the group consisting of Candida and Cryptococcus. 99. The method of claim 98, wherein the pathogenic yeast is Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida stellatoidea, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida viswanathii, or Candida lusitaniae. 100. The method of claim 98, wherein the pathogenic yeast is Cryptococcus neoformans. 101. The method of claim 97, wherein the pathogenic yeast causes an infection in the oral, esophageal, or vaginal mucosal membranes. 102. The method of claim 81, wherein the fungal infection is caused by a non-yeast fungal pathogen. 103. The method of claim 102, wherein the non-yeast fungal pathogen is a species of a genus selected from the group consisting of Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Blastomyces, Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. 104. The method of claim 103, wherein the non-yeast fungal pathogen is selected from the group consisting of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Blastomyces dermatitidis. | 3,600 |
339,786 | 16,800,678 | 3,618 | Disclosed in some examples are methods, systems, devices, and machine-readable mediums for compensating for charge loss effects. In some examples, a charge loss may be estimated by a charge loss monitor for a particular unit of a NAND device and may be utilized to select a charge loss compensation scheme. The charge loss may be estimated by the charge loss estimation process by determining a reference read voltage and calculating a bit count resulting from a read at that reference read voltage. The number of bits returned may be used to select the particular charge loss compensation scheme. | 1. A memory system comprising:
a memory array comprising non-volatile memory cells; a memory controller comprising one or more hardware processors, the memory controller configured to perform operations comprising:
applying a first read voltage to a first page of the memory array;
determining a number of bits read in the first page as a result of the application of the first read voltage;
estimating a charge loss of a second page based upon the number of bits and a proximity between the first and second pages;
receiving a read command to read the second page of the memory array;
determining whether a charge loss compensation is to be applied for the read command;
responsive to determining that the charge loss compensation is to be applied to the read command, setting a read parameter based upon the estimated charge loss of the second page; and
reading the second page using the read parameter and a second read voltage, the second read voltage different than a reference read level voltage. 2. (canceled) 3. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the operations of estimating the charge loss are performed prior to receiving the read command as a background process. 4. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the read parameter is a Vpass voltage. 5. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the read parameter is a read-retry parameter. 6. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the read parameter comprises a read-retry parameter and a Vpass voltage. 7. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the operations of determining whether the charge loss compensation is to be applied comprises:
determining a classification for data in a block in which the first page is stored as either random access or sequential; and responsive to determining that the data in the block is random access, determining to apply the charge loss compensation feature. 8. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured to execute instructions stored in the memory system, and when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform the operations. 9. A method performed by a controller of a memory system, the method comprising:
applying a first read voltage to a first page of a memory array of the memory system; determining a number of bits read in the first page as a result of the application of the first read voltage; estimating a charge loss of a second page based upon the numbers and a proximity between the first and second pages; receiving a read command to read the second page of the memory array; determining whether a charge loss compensation is to be applied for the read command; responsive to determining that the charge loss compensation is to be applied to the read command, setting a read parameter based upon the estimated charge loss of the second page; and reading the second page using the read parameter and a second read voltage, the second read voltage different than a reference read level voltage. 10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 9, wherein estimating the charge loss is performed prior to receiving the read command as a background process. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the read parameter is a Vpass voltage. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the read parameter is a read-retry parameter. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the read parameter is comprises a read-retry parameter and a Vpass voltage. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein determining whether a charge loss compensation feature is to be applied comprises:
determining a classification for data in a block in which e second page is stored as either random access or sequential; and responsive to determining that the data in the block is random access, determining to apply the charge loss compensation feature. 16. A non-transitory machine-readable medium, storing instructions, which when executed by a processor of a memory system, causes the processor perform operations comprising:
applying a first read voltage to a first page of a memory array of the memory system; determining a number of bits read in the first page as a result of the application of the first read voltage; estimating a charge loss of a second page based upon the number of bits and a proximity between the first and second pages; receiving a read command to read the second page of the memory array, determining whether a charge loss compensation is to be applied for the read command; responsive to determining that the charge loss compensation is to be applied to the read command, setting a read parameter based upon the estimated charge loss of the second page; and reading the second page using the read parameter and a second read voltage, the second read voltage different than a reference read level voltage. 17. (canceled) 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the operations of estimating the charge loss are performed prior to receiving the read command as a background process. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the read parameter is a Vpass voltage. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the read parameter is a read-retry parameter. | Disclosed in some examples are methods, systems, devices, and machine-readable mediums for compensating for charge loss effects. In some examples, a charge loss may be estimated by a charge loss monitor for a particular unit of a NAND device and may be utilized to select a charge loss compensation scheme. The charge loss may be estimated by the charge loss estimation process by determining a reference read voltage and calculating a bit count resulting from a read at that reference read voltage. The number of bits returned may be used to select the particular charge loss compensation scheme.1. A memory system comprising:
a memory array comprising non-volatile memory cells; a memory controller comprising one or more hardware processors, the memory controller configured to perform operations comprising:
applying a first read voltage to a first page of the memory array;
determining a number of bits read in the first page as a result of the application of the first read voltage;
estimating a charge loss of a second page based upon the number of bits and a proximity between the first and second pages;
receiving a read command to read the second page of the memory array;
determining whether a charge loss compensation is to be applied for the read command;
responsive to determining that the charge loss compensation is to be applied to the read command, setting a read parameter based upon the estimated charge loss of the second page; and
reading the second page using the read parameter and a second read voltage, the second read voltage different than a reference read level voltage. 2. (canceled) 3. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the operations of estimating the charge loss are performed prior to receiving the read command as a background process. 4. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the read parameter is a Vpass voltage. 5. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the read parameter is a read-retry parameter. 6. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the read parameter comprises a read-retry parameter and a Vpass voltage. 7. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the operations of determining whether the charge loss compensation is to be applied comprises:
determining a classification for data in a block in which the first page is stored as either random access or sequential; and responsive to determining that the data in the block is random access, determining to apply the charge loss compensation feature. 8. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured to execute instructions stored in the memory system, and when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform the operations. 9. A method performed by a controller of a memory system, the method comprising:
applying a first read voltage to a first page of a memory array of the memory system; determining a number of bits read in the first page as a result of the application of the first read voltage; estimating a charge loss of a second page based upon the numbers and a proximity between the first and second pages; receiving a read command to read the second page of the memory array; determining whether a charge loss compensation is to be applied for the read command; responsive to determining that the charge loss compensation is to be applied to the read command, setting a read parameter based upon the estimated charge loss of the second page; and reading the second page using the read parameter and a second read voltage, the second read voltage different than a reference read level voltage. 10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 9, wherein estimating the charge loss is performed prior to receiving the read command as a background process. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the read parameter is a Vpass voltage. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the read parameter is a read-retry parameter. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the read parameter is comprises a read-retry parameter and a Vpass voltage. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein determining whether a charge loss compensation feature is to be applied comprises:
determining a classification for data in a block in which e second page is stored as either random access or sequential; and responsive to determining that the data in the block is random access, determining to apply the charge loss compensation feature. 16. A non-transitory machine-readable medium, storing instructions, which when executed by a processor of a memory system, causes the processor perform operations comprising:
applying a first read voltage to a first page of a memory array of the memory system; determining a number of bits read in the first page as a result of the application of the first read voltage; estimating a charge loss of a second page based upon the number of bits and a proximity between the first and second pages; receiving a read command to read the second page of the memory array, determining whether a charge loss compensation is to be applied for the read command; responsive to determining that the charge loss compensation is to be applied to the read command, setting a read parameter based upon the estimated charge loss of the second page; and reading the second page using the read parameter and a second read voltage, the second read voltage different than a reference read level voltage. 17. (canceled) 18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the operations of estimating the charge loss are performed prior to receiving the read command as a background process. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the read parameter is a Vpass voltage. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the read parameter is a read-retry parameter. | 3,600 |
339,787 | 16,800,743 | 3,618 | An apparatus stores received data blocks as deduplicated data blocks. The apparatus is configured to: maintain a plurality of containers, where a reference to a container is unique within the apparatus and each container includes one or more data segments and segment metadata for each data segment, the segment metadata including a segment identifier and a segment reference, where the segment identifier is unique within the container and the segment reference is unique within the apparatus; and maintain a plurality of deduplicated data blocks storing received data blocks, where each deduplicated data block includes a plurality of identified container references, where a container reference identifier is unique within the deduplicated data block, and an ordered list of one or more segment indicators. | 1. An apparatus for storing received data blocks as deduplicated data blocks, the apparatus being configured to:
maintain a plurality of containers,
wherein a reference to a container of the containers is unique within the apparatus,
wherein each of the containers comprises one or more data segments and segment metadata for each data segment of the data segments, the respective segment metadata comprising a segment identifier and a segment reference, and
wherein the segment identifier is unique within the container and the segment reference is unique within the apparatus;
maintain a plurality of the deduplicated data blocks storing:
the received data blocks,
wherein each deduplicated data block, of the deduplicated data blocks, comprises a plurality of identified container references, a container reference identifier being unique within the deduplicated data block; and
an ordered list of one or more segment indicators,
wherein each of the segment indicators comprises the segment identifier and the container reference identifier of the container reference of the container that contains the identified data segment, the order thereof being the same as the data segments of a respective received data block of the received data blocks, and
maintain a deduplication index comprising a plurality of segment references, comprised of the segment reference for a plurality of the containers, or derivatives of the segment references,
wherein each of the segment references or each of the derivatives of the segment references is calculated from the respective data segment from the respective received data block and is associated at least with the respective container reference referenced by the deduplicated data block and one unique block reference to the deduplicated data block. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, configured to, for storing the received data block as the deduplicated data block,
segment the received data block into the corresponding data segments; calculate the respective segment reference for each of the data segments to determine the corresponding segment references; choose a subset of the segment references or derivatives, of the segment references; search in the deduplication index for the segment references or the derivatives of the segment references included in the subset of the segment references and retrieve the container references associated with the segment references or the derivatives of the segment references found in the deduplication index; retrieve the segment metadata from the containers referenced by the retrieved container references; search for the segment references of the received data block in the retrieved segment metadata; choose a plurality of storage containers, the storage containers chosen from the containers and/or new containers, such that each of the data segments of the received data block is already stored in the plurality of storage containers and there is enough free space in the plurality of storage containers to store the data segments of the received data block that are not yet stored in any container of the plurality of storage containers; assign to each not yet stored data segment, of the data segments, one storage container of the plurality of storage containers with sufficient space to store the not yet stored data segment and assign a new segment identifier unique within the storage container to the not yet stored data segment, and create segment metadata for the not yet stored data segment using the new segment identifier and the segment references; and store the segment metadata of the net yet stored data segment and the not yet stored data segment in the storage container. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, further configured to, for storing the received data block as the deduplicated data block:
construct the plurality of identified container references from the plurality of storage containers, wherein the container reference identifier for each of the identified container references is unique within the deduplicated data block; construct the ordered list of the one or more segment indicators using the plurality of identified container references and the segment identifier of each of the data segments of the received data block; and store the deduplicated data block containing the plurality of identified container references and the ordered list of one or more segment indicators. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the deduplicated data blocks further includes a subset of the segment references or derivatives thereof. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the subset of the segment references or derivatives thereof of each deduplicated data block includes a number N of the segment references or derivatives thereof, which are selected from a number M of the segment references or derivatives thereof calculated from its M data segments, and wherein N is smaller than M. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, configured to, for retrieving the received data block:
retrieve the stored deduplicated data block of the received data block, retrieve for the container reference identifier and the segment identifier of each of the segment indicators of the ordered list of the one or more segment indicators in the deduplicated data block, the data of the identified data segment from the identified referenced container, and reconstruct the received data block from the retrieved data of the identified data segments of the identified referenced containers, according to the order of the ordered list of the one or more segment indicators in the deduplicated data block. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, configured to, for deleting a data block:
retrieve the deduplicated data block related to the data block to be deleted; retrieve, for the corresponding container referenced by each of the container references in the retrieved deduplicated data block, the segment identifiers and the segment references; search for each of the segment references or the derivatives of the segment references included in the retrieved deduplicated data block in the deduplication index, in order to retrieve the associated at least one container reference and block references; and delete the retrieved deduplicated date block and delete each of the container references and the block reference that matches the container reference in the data block to be deleted and a block reference of the data block to be deleted, respectively, from the deduplication index. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the segment metadata of each of the data segments in the plurality of containers further comprises a reference count, and the apparatus is configured to increase the reference count, upon the apparatus storing a data block containing that data segment, and to decrease the reference count, when it deletes a data block containing that data segment. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a segment reference, of the segment references, calculated from the associated data segment is a hash value. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the size of a segment indicator, of the segment indicators, in the associated deduplicated data block is 16 bits or less. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a segment identifier, of the segment identifiers, is an integer. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the size of the unique block reference in the deduplication index is between 1 and 8 bytes. 13. A method for storing received data blocks as deduplicated data blocks, the method comprising:
maintaining a plurality of containers,
wherein a reference to a container of the containers is unique and each of the containers comprises one or more data segments and segment metadata for each data segment of the data segments, the segment metadata comprising a segment identifier and a segment reference, and
wherein the segment identifier is unique within the container and the segment reference is unique;
maintaining a plurality of the deduplicated data blocks storing:
the received data blocks,
wherein each deduplicated data block, of the deduplicated data block, comprises a plurality of identified container references, and wherein a container reference identifier is unique within the deduplicated data block; and
an ordered list of one or more segment indicators,
wherein each of the segment indicators comprises the segment identifier and container reference identifier of the container reference of the container that contains the identified data segment, the order thereof being the same as the data segments of a respective received data of the received data blocks; and
maintaining a deduplication index comprises a plurality of segment references or derivatives of the segment references,
wherein each of the segment references or the derivatives thcrcofof the segment references is calculated from the respective data segment from a-the respective received data block and is associated at least with the respective container reference referenced by the deduplicated data block and one unique block reference to the deduplicated data block. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a program code for controlling an apparatus according to claim 1. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a program code for performing, when running on a computer, the method according to claim 13. 16. A non-transitory computer-implemented data structure embodied on a medium, wherein the data structure comprises:
a plurality of containers, wherein a reference to a container of the containers is unique within the data structure, and each of the containers comprises one or more data segments and segment metadata for each data segment, the respective segment metadata comprising a segment identifier and a segment reference, and wherein the segment identifier is unique within the container and the segment reference is unique within the data structure, a plurality of deduplicated data blocks storing received data blocks, wherein each deduplicated data block, of the deduplicated data blocks, includes comprises a plurality of identified container references, wherein a container reference identifier is unique within the deduplicated data block, and an ordered list of one or more segment indicators, wherein each of the segment indicators comprises the segment identifier and the container reference identifier of the container reference of the container that contains the identified data segment, the order thereof being the same as the data segments of a respective received data block of the received data blocks, and a deduplication index comprises a plurality of segment references, comprised of the segment reference for a plurality of the containers, or derivatives the segment references, wherein each of the segment references or derivatives of the segment references is calculated from the respective data segment from the respective received data block and is associated at least with the respective container reference referenced by the deduplicated data block and one unique block reference to the deduplicated data block. 17. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein N is 4. 18. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the hash value is a strong hash value. 19. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the segment identifier is a 14-bit integer. 20. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the size of the block reference in the deduplication index is 4 bytes. | An apparatus stores received data blocks as deduplicated data blocks. The apparatus is configured to: maintain a plurality of containers, where a reference to a container is unique within the apparatus and each container includes one or more data segments and segment metadata for each data segment, the segment metadata including a segment identifier and a segment reference, where the segment identifier is unique within the container and the segment reference is unique within the apparatus; and maintain a plurality of deduplicated data blocks storing received data blocks, where each deduplicated data block includes a plurality of identified container references, where a container reference identifier is unique within the deduplicated data block, and an ordered list of one or more segment indicators.1. An apparatus for storing received data blocks as deduplicated data blocks, the apparatus being configured to:
maintain a plurality of containers,
wherein a reference to a container of the containers is unique within the apparatus,
wherein each of the containers comprises one or more data segments and segment metadata for each data segment of the data segments, the respective segment metadata comprising a segment identifier and a segment reference, and
wherein the segment identifier is unique within the container and the segment reference is unique within the apparatus;
maintain a plurality of the deduplicated data blocks storing:
the received data blocks,
wherein each deduplicated data block, of the deduplicated data blocks, comprises a plurality of identified container references, a container reference identifier being unique within the deduplicated data block; and
an ordered list of one or more segment indicators,
wherein each of the segment indicators comprises the segment identifier and the container reference identifier of the container reference of the container that contains the identified data segment, the order thereof being the same as the data segments of a respective received data block of the received data blocks, and
maintain a deduplication index comprising a plurality of segment references, comprised of the segment reference for a plurality of the containers, or derivatives of the segment references,
wherein each of the segment references or each of the derivatives of the segment references is calculated from the respective data segment from the respective received data block and is associated at least with the respective container reference referenced by the deduplicated data block and one unique block reference to the deduplicated data block. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, configured to, for storing the received data block as the deduplicated data block,
segment the received data block into the corresponding data segments; calculate the respective segment reference for each of the data segments to determine the corresponding segment references; choose a subset of the segment references or derivatives, of the segment references; search in the deduplication index for the segment references or the derivatives of the segment references included in the subset of the segment references and retrieve the container references associated with the segment references or the derivatives of the segment references found in the deduplication index; retrieve the segment metadata from the containers referenced by the retrieved container references; search for the segment references of the received data block in the retrieved segment metadata; choose a plurality of storage containers, the storage containers chosen from the containers and/or new containers, such that each of the data segments of the received data block is already stored in the plurality of storage containers and there is enough free space in the plurality of storage containers to store the data segments of the received data block that are not yet stored in any container of the plurality of storage containers; assign to each not yet stored data segment, of the data segments, one storage container of the plurality of storage containers with sufficient space to store the not yet stored data segment and assign a new segment identifier unique within the storage container to the not yet stored data segment, and create segment metadata for the not yet stored data segment using the new segment identifier and the segment references; and store the segment metadata of the net yet stored data segment and the not yet stored data segment in the storage container. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, further configured to, for storing the received data block as the deduplicated data block:
construct the plurality of identified container references from the plurality of storage containers, wherein the container reference identifier for each of the identified container references is unique within the deduplicated data block; construct the ordered list of the one or more segment indicators using the plurality of identified container references and the segment identifier of each of the data segments of the received data block; and store the deduplicated data block containing the plurality of identified container references and the ordered list of one or more segment indicators. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the deduplicated data blocks further includes a subset of the segment references or derivatives thereof. 5. The apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the subset of the segment references or derivatives thereof of each deduplicated data block includes a number N of the segment references or derivatives thereof, which are selected from a number M of the segment references or derivatives thereof calculated from its M data segments, and wherein N is smaller than M. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, configured to, for retrieving the received data block:
retrieve the stored deduplicated data block of the received data block, retrieve for the container reference identifier and the segment identifier of each of the segment indicators of the ordered list of the one or more segment indicators in the deduplicated data block, the data of the identified data segment from the identified referenced container, and reconstruct the received data block from the retrieved data of the identified data segments of the identified referenced containers, according to the order of the ordered list of the one or more segment indicators in the deduplicated data block. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, configured to, for deleting a data block:
retrieve the deduplicated data block related to the data block to be deleted; retrieve, for the corresponding container referenced by each of the container references in the retrieved deduplicated data block, the segment identifiers and the segment references; search for each of the segment references or the derivatives of the segment references included in the retrieved deduplicated data block in the deduplication index, in order to retrieve the associated at least one container reference and block references; and delete the retrieved deduplicated date block and delete each of the container references and the block reference that matches the container reference in the data block to be deleted and a block reference of the data block to be deleted, respectively, from the deduplication index. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the segment metadata of each of the data segments in the plurality of containers further comprises a reference count, and the apparatus is configured to increase the reference count, upon the apparatus storing a data block containing that data segment, and to decrease the reference count, when it deletes a data block containing that data segment. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a segment reference, of the segment references, calculated from the associated data segment is a hash value. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the size of a segment indicator, of the segment indicators, in the associated deduplicated data block is 16 bits or less. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a segment identifier, of the segment identifiers, is an integer. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the size of the unique block reference in the deduplication index is between 1 and 8 bytes. 13. A method for storing received data blocks as deduplicated data blocks, the method comprising:
maintaining a plurality of containers,
wherein a reference to a container of the containers is unique and each of the containers comprises one or more data segments and segment metadata for each data segment of the data segments, the segment metadata comprising a segment identifier and a segment reference, and
wherein the segment identifier is unique within the container and the segment reference is unique;
maintaining a plurality of the deduplicated data blocks storing:
the received data blocks,
wherein each deduplicated data block, of the deduplicated data block, comprises a plurality of identified container references, and wherein a container reference identifier is unique within the deduplicated data block; and
an ordered list of one or more segment indicators,
wherein each of the segment indicators comprises the segment identifier and container reference identifier of the container reference of the container that contains the identified data segment, the order thereof being the same as the data segments of a respective received data of the received data blocks; and
maintaining a deduplication index comprises a plurality of segment references or derivatives of the segment references,
wherein each of the segment references or the derivatives thcrcofof the segment references is calculated from the respective data segment from a-the respective received data block and is associated at least with the respective container reference referenced by the deduplicated data block and one unique block reference to the deduplicated data block. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a program code for controlling an apparatus according to claim 1. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a program code for performing, when running on a computer, the method according to claim 13. 16. A non-transitory computer-implemented data structure embodied on a medium, wherein the data structure comprises:
a plurality of containers, wherein a reference to a container of the containers is unique within the data structure, and each of the containers comprises one or more data segments and segment metadata for each data segment, the respective segment metadata comprising a segment identifier and a segment reference, and wherein the segment identifier is unique within the container and the segment reference is unique within the data structure, a plurality of deduplicated data blocks storing received data blocks, wherein each deduplicated data block, of the deduplicated data blocks, includes comprises a plurality of identified container references, wherein a container reference identifier is unique within the deduplicated data block, and an ordered list of one or more segment indicators, wherein each of the segment indicators comprises the segment identifier and the container reference identifier of the container reference of the container that contains the identified data segment, the order thereof being the same as the data segments of a respective received data block of the received data blocks, and a deduplication index comprises a plurality of segment references, comprised of the segment reference for a plurality of the containers, or derivatives the segment references, wherein each of the segment references or derivatives of the segment references is calculated from the respective data segment from the respective received data block and is associated at least with the respective container reference referenced by the deduplicated data block and one unique block reference to the deduplicated data block. 17. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein N is 4. 18. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the hash value is a strong hash value. 19. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the segment identifier is a 14-bit integer. 20. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the size of the block reference in the deduplication index is 4 bytes. | 3,600 |
339,788 | 16,800,735 | 3,618 | In general, techniques are described that enable voice activation for computing devices. A computing device configured to support an audible interface that comprises a memory and one or more processors may be configured to perform the techniques. The memory may store a first audio signal representative of an environment external to a user associated with the computing device and a second audio signal sensed by a microphone coupled to a housing of the computing device. The one or more processors may verify, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device, and obtain, based on the verification, additional audio signals representative of one or more audible commands. | 1. A computing device configured to support an audible interface, the computing device comprising:
a memory configured to store a first audio signal representative of an environment external to a user associated with the computing device and a second audio signal sensed by a microphone coupled to a housing of the computing device; and one or more processors configured to: verify, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device; and obtain, based on the verification, additional audio signals representative of one or more audible commands. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
obtain, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, a coherence measure representative of a relationship between the first audio signal and the second audio signal; and verify, based on the coherence measure, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
obtain, based on a left channel and a right channel of the second audio signal, a relative phase between the left channel and the right channel of the second audio signal; and verify, based on the relative phase, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 4. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
compare an amplitude of the first audio signal and an amplitude of the second audio signal; and verify, based on the comparison of the amplitude of the first audio signal and the amplitude of the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
compare a power of the first audio signal and a power of the second audio signal; and verify, based on the comparison of the power of the first audio signal and a power of the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 6. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
obtain, based on the first audio signal, a direction of arrival; and verify, based on the direction of arrival and the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to verify, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal and without performing a voice print analysis with respect to either the first audio signal or the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 8. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to verify, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, that the user and not an unauthorized entity activated the audible interface of the computing device. 9. The computing device of claim 1,
wherein the computing device comprises a headset that includes an external microphone configured to capture the first audio signal and the housing to which the microphone is coupled, wherein the one or more processors are configured to obtain, from one or more of the external microphone and the microphone, the additional audio signals representative of the one or more audible commands, and wherein the computing device comprises a transciever configured to transmit the additional audio signals to a connected computing device. 10. The computing device of claim 1,
wherein the computing device comprises a headset that includes an external microphone configured to capture the first audio signal, the housing to which the microphone is coupled, and at least one speaker, wherein the one or more processors are configured to obtain, from one or more of the external microphone and the microphone, the additional audio signals representative of the one or more audible commands, wherein the computing device comprises a transciever configured to: transmit the additional audio signals to a connected computing device; and receive a response audio signal representative of an audible response to the one or more audible commands, and wherein the at least one speaker is configured to reproduce, based on the response audio signal, the audible response to the one or more audible commands. 11. The computing device of claim 1,
wherein the computing device comprises a headset that includes an external microphone configured to capture the first audio signal, the housing to which the microphone is coupled, and at least one speaker, wherein the one or more processors are configured to activate, based on the verification, the audible interface by which to process the additional audio signals representative of the one or more audible commands to obtain a response audio signal representativev of an audible reponse to the one or more audible commands, and wherein the at least one speaker is configured to reproduce, based on the response audio signal, the audible resopnse to the one or more audible commands. 12. The computing device of claim 1,
wherein the computing device is communicatively coupled to a headset, and wherein the computing device includes a transciever to receive the first audio signal, the second audio signal, and the additional audio signals, wherein the one or more processors are configured to activate, based on the verification, the audible interface by which to process the additional audio signals representative of the one or more audible commands to obtain a response audio signal representative of an audible reponse to the one or more audible commands, and wherein the transciever transmits the response audio signal to the headset. 13. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the headset includes headphones. 14. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the headset includes wireless headphones wirelessly coupled to the connected computing device. 15. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the headset includes in-ear headphones. 16. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the microphone comprises a user facing microphone directed to the user of the computing device. 17. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the microphone comprises a microphone positioned proximate to an ear canal of the user of the computing device. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the microphone positioned proximate to the ear canal comprises a microphone positioned within 3-5 centimeters (cm) of the ear canal of the user of the computing device. 19. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the computing device comprises a virtual reality device that includes the housing. 20. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the computing device comprises an augmented reality device that includes the housing. 21. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the computing device comprises a mixed reality device that includes the housing. 22. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the computing device comprises a head mounted display device that includes the housing. 23. The computing device of claim 1,
wherein the housing includes an ear-cup-type component, and wherein the ear-cup-type component includes an over-ear-cup type component, an on-ear-cup-type component, and an in-ear-cup-type component. 24. A method of supporting an audible interface, the method comprising:
obtaining a first audio signal representative of an environment external to a user associated with a computing device; obtaining a second audio signal sensed by a microphone coupled to a housing; verifying, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device; and obtaining, based on the verification, additional audio signals representative of one or more audible commands. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein verifying that the user actived the audible interface comprises:
obtaining, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, a coherence measure representative of a relationship between the first audio signal and the second audio signal; and verifying, based on the coherence measure, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein verifying that the user actived the audible interface comprises:
obtaining, based on a left channel and a right channel of the second audio signal, a relative phase between the left channel and the right channel of the second audio signal; and verifying, based on the relative phase, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein verifying that the user actived the audible interface comprises:
comparing an amplitude of the first audio signal and an amplitude of the second audio signal; and verifying, based on the comparison of the amplitude of the first audio signal and the amplitude of the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein verifying that the user actived the audible interface comprises:
comparing a power of the first audio signal and a power of the second audio signal; and verifying, based on the comparison of the power of the first audio signal and a power of the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 29. A computing device configured to support an audible interface, the computing device comprising:
means for obtaining a first audio signal representative of an environment external to a user associated with the computing device; means for obtaining a second audio signal sensed by a microphone coupled to a housing; means for verifying, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device; and means for obtaining, based on the verification, additional audio signals representative of one or more audible commands. 30. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause one or mroe processors of a computing device to:
obtain a first audio signal representative of an environment external to a user associated with the computing device; obtain a second audio signal sensed by a microphone coupled to a housing; verify, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device; and obtain, based on the verification, additional audio signals representative of one or more audible commands. | In general, techniques are described that enable voice activation for computing devices. A computing device configured to support an audible interface that comprises a memory and one or more processors may be configured to perform the techniques. The memory may store a first audio signal representative of an environment external to a user associated with the computing device and a second audio signal sensed by a microphone coupled to a housing of the computing device. The one or more processors may verify, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device, and obtain, based on the verification, additional audio signals representative of one or more audible commands.1. A computing device configured to support an audible interface, the computing device comprising:
a memory configured to store a first audio signal representative of an environment external to a user associated with the computing device and a second audio signal sensed by a microphone coupled to a housing of the computing device; and one or more processors configured to: verify, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device; and obtain, based on the verification, additional audio signals representative of one or more audible commands. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
obtain, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, a coherence measure representative of a relationship between the first audio signal and the second audio signal; and verify, based on the coherence measure, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
obtain, based on a left channel and a right channel of the second audio signal, a relative phase between the left channel and the right channel of the second audio signal; and verify, based on the relative phase, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 4. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
compare an amplitude of the first audio signal and an amplitude of the second audio signal; and verify, based on the comparison of the amplitude of the first audio signal and the amplitude of the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
compare a power of the first audio signal and a power of the second audio signal; and verify, based on the comparison of the power of the first audio signal and a power of the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 6. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:
obtain, based on the first audio signal, a direction of arrival; and verify, based on the direction of arrival and the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to verify, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal and without performing a voice print analysis with respect to either the first audio signal or the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 8. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured to verify, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, that the user and not an unauthorized entity activated the audible interface of the computing device. 9. The computing device of claim 1,
wherein the computing device comprises a headset that includes an external microphone configured to capture the first audio signal and the housing to which the microphone is coupled, wherein the one or more processors are configured to obtain, from one or more of the external microphone and the microphone, the additional audio signals representative of the one or more audible commands, and wherein the computing device comprises a transciever configured to transmit the additional audio signals to a connected computing device. 10. The computing device of claim 1,
wherein the computing device comprises a headset that includes an external microphone configured to capture the first audio signal, the housing to which the microphone is coupled, and at least one speaker, wherein the one or more processors are configured to obtain, from one or more of the external microphone and the microphone, the additional audio signals representative of the one or more audible commands, wherein the computing device comprises a transciever configured to: transmit the additional audio signals to a connected computing device; and receive a response audio signal representative of an audible response to the one or more audible commands, and wherein the at least one speaker is configured to reproduce, based on the response audio signal, the audible response to the one or more audible commands. 11. The computing device of claim 1,
wherein the computing device comprises a headset that includes an external microphone configured to capture the first audio signal, the housing to which the microphone is coupled, and at least one speaker, wherein the one or more processors are configured to activate, based on the verification, the audible interface by which to process the additional audio signals representative of the one or more audible commands to obtain a response audio signal representativev of an audible reponse to the one or more audible commands, and wherein the at least one speaker is configured to reproduce, based on the response audio signal, the audible resopnse to the one or more audible commands. 12. The computing device of claim 1,
wherein the computing device is communicatively coupled to a headset, and wherein the computing device includes a transciever to receive the first audio signal, the second audio signal, and the additional audio signals, wherein the one or more processors are configured to activate, based on the verification, the audible interface by which to process the additional audio signals representative of the one or more audible commands to obtain a response audio signal representative of an audible reponse to the one or more audible commands, and wherein the transciever transmits the response audio signal to the headset. 13. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the headset includes headphones. 14. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the headset includes wireless headphones wirelessly coupled to the connected computing device. 15. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the headset includes in-ear headphones. 16. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the microphone comprises a user facing microphone directed to the user of the computing device. 17. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the microphone comprises a microphone positioned proximate to an ear canal of the user of the computing device. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the microphone positioned proximate to the ear canal comprises a microphone positioned within 3-5 centimeters (cm) of the ear canal of the user of the computing device. 19. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the computing device comprises a virtual reality device that includes the housing. 20. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the computing device comprises an augmented reality device that includes the housing. 21. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the computing device comprises a mixed reality device that includes the housing. 22. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the computing device comprises a head mounted display device that includes the housing. 23. The computing device of claim 1,
wherein the housing includes an ear-cup-type component, and wherein the ear-cup-type component includes an over-ear-cup type component, an on-ear-cup-type component, and an in-ear-cup-type component. 24. A method of supporting an audible interface, the method comprising:
obtaining a first audio signal representative of an environment external to a user associated with a computing device; obtaining a second audio signal sensed by a microphone coupled to a housing; verifying, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device; and obtaining, based on the verification, additional audio signals representative of one or more audible commands. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein verifying that the user actived the audible interface comprises:
obtaining, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, a coherence measure representative of a relationship between the first audio signal and the second audio signal; and verifying, based on the coherence measure, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein verifying that the user actived the audible interface comprises:
obtaining, based on a left channel and a right channel of the second audio signal, a relative phase between the left channel and the right channel of the second audio signal; and verifying, based on the relative phase, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein verifying that the user actived the audible interface comprises:
comparing an amplitude of the first audio signal and an amplitude of the second audio signal; and verifying, based on the comparison of the amplitude of the first audio signal and the amplitude of the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 28. The method of claim 24, wherein verifying that the user actived the audible interface comprises:
comparing a power of the first audio signal and a power of the second audio signal; and verifying, based on the comparison of the power of the first audio signal and a power of the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device. 29. A computing device configured to support an audible interface, the computing device comprising:
means for obtaining a first audio signal representative of an environment external to a user associated with the computing device; means for obtaining a second audio signal sensed by a microphone coupled to a housing; means for verifying, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device; and means for obtaining, based on the verification, additional audio signals representative of one or more audible commands. 30. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause one or mroe processors of a computing device to:
obtain a first audio signal representative of an environment external to a user associated with the computing device; obtain a second audio signal sensed by a microphone coupled to a housing; verify, based on the first audio signal and the second audio signal, that the user activated the audible interface of the computing device; and obtain, based on the verification, additional audio signals representative of one or more audible commands. | 3,600 |
339,789 | 16,800,742 | 3,618 | The present invention relates to gastroretentive formulations and to processes for preparation of the same. Particularly, the invention relates to gastroretentive dosage forms comprising at least one swelling agent and at least one swelling retardant. | 1) A gastroretentive formulation comprising at least one active agent, at least one swelling agent and at least one swelling retardant. 2) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the active agent is an anti-diabetic agent, a cardiovascular agent, a neurological agent, an anti-parkinson's disease agent, an anti-infective agent, an analgesic, an anti-inflammatory agent, an anti-arthritic, an anti-hyperlipidemic agents, or an anti-hypertensive or any combinations thereof. 3) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the active agent is carbidopa, levodopa or combination thereof. 4) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the active agent is valsartan, hydrochlorthiazide or combination thereof. 5) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the swelling agent is polyethylene oxide. 6) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the swelling retardant is ethyl cellulose. 7) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the formulation is in the form of a monolithic dosage form. 8) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the formulation is in the form of a multi-layered dosage form. 9) The formulation of claim 8 wherein the formulation is a bi-layered formulation comprising active layer and gastroretentive layer. 10) The formulation of claim 9 wherein the gastroretentive layer comprises at least one swelling agent and at least one swelling retardant. | The present invention relates to gastroretentive formulations and to processes for preparation of the same. Particularly, the invention relates to gastroretentive dosage forms comprising at least one swelling agent and at least one swelling retardant.1) A gastroretentive formulation comprising at least one active agent, at least one swelling agent and at least one swelling retardant. 2) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the active agent is an anti-diabetic agent, a cardiovascular agent, a neurological agent, an anti-parkinson's disease agent, an anti-infective agent, an analgesic, an anti-inflammatory agent, an anti-arthritic, an anti-hyperlipidemic agents, or an anti-hypertensive or any combinations thereof. 3) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the active agent is carbidopa, levodopa or combination thereof. 4) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the active agent is valsartan, hydrochlorthiazide or combination thereof. 5) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the swelling agent is polyethylene oxide. 6) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the swelling retardant is ethyl cellulose. 7) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the formulation is in the form of a monolithic dosage form. 8) The formulation of claim 1 wherein the formulation is in the form of a multi-layered dosage form. 9) The formulation of claim 8 wherein the formulation is a bi-layered formulation comprising active layer and gastroretentive layer. 10) The formulation of claim 9 wherein the gastroretentive layer comprises at least one swelling agent and at least one swelling retardant. | 3,600 |
339,790 | 16,800,691 | 3,618 | A sensor tag for attachment to at least a portion of a tracked container is disclosed. The sensor tag comprises a wireless transceiver, a logistics sensor, a power source, and a breakable link. The wireless transceiver reports an electronic identifier for the sensor tag. The power source provides power to the sensor tag. The breakable link removably attaches to the container. Removal of the sensor tag from the tracked container is determined with data from the logistics sensor. The removal of the sensor tag is reported by the wireless transceiver away from the sensor tag. | 1. A sensor tag for attachment to at least a portion of a tracked container, the sensor tag comprising:
a wireless transceiver that reports an electronic identifier; a logistics sensor; a power source providing power to the sensor tag; and a closure that removably attaches to the container, wherein:
removal of the closure from the tracked container allows access to contents of the tracked container,
removal of the closure prevents reinstalling the closure to achieve a closed state;
a removed state is determined with data from the logistics sensor once the closure is removed, and
the removal state is reported with the electronic identifier by the wireless transceiver away from the sensor tag. 2. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 1, wherein the breakable loop comprises a flexible tape section including teeth that engage a ratcheting pawl in a one way fashion upon insertion of the flexible tape section into the ratcheting pawl. 3. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 1, wherein the electronic identification circuit is a Bluetooth™ beacon. 4. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 1, the sensor tag further comprising a breakable link, wherein the breakable link includes an electrical connection. 5. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 1, the sensor tag further comprising a breakable link, wherein the breakable link is replaceable. 6. A sensor tag for attachment to at least a portion of a tracked container, the sensor tag comprising:
a wireless transceiver that reports an electronic identifier; a logistics sensor; a power source providing power to the sensor tag; and a breakable link that removably attaches to the container, wherein:
removal of the sensor tag from the tracked container is determined with data from the logistics sensor, and
the removal is reported by the wireless transceiver away from the sensor tag. 7. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the breakable loop comprises a flexible tape section including teeth that engage a ratcheting pawl in a one way fashion upon insertion of the flexible tape section into the ratcheting pawl. 8. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the electronic identification circuit is a Bluetooth™ beacon. 9. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the electronic identification circuit is a RFID circuit. 10. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the power source is a coin battery. 11. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the power source is a wireless power receiver. 12. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the breakable link includes an electrical connection. 13. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the breakable link prevents opening the container when unbroken. 14. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the breakable link is replaceable. 15. A sensor tag for attachment to at least a portion of a tracked container, the sensor tag comprising:
a wireless transceiver that reports an electronic identifier; a logistics sensor; a power source providing power to the sensor tag; and a closure that removably attaches to the container, wherein:
removal of the closure from the tracked container allows access to contents of the tracked container,
a removed state is determined with data from the logistics sensor, and
the removal state is reported with the electronic identifier by the wireless transceiver away from the sensor tag. 16. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 15, wherein the breakable loop comprises a flexible tape section including teeth that engage a ratcheting pawl in a one way fashion upon insertion of the flexible tape section into the ratcheting pawl. 17. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 15, wherein the electronic identification circuit is a Bluetooth™ beacon. 18. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 15, the sensor tag further comprising a breakable link, wherein the breakable link includes an electrical connection. 19. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 15, the sensor tag further comprising a breakable link, wherein the breakable link prevents opening the container when unbroken. 20. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 15, the sensor tag further comprising a breakable link, wherein the breakable link is replaceable. | A sensor tag for attachment to at least a portion of a tracked container is disclosed. The sensor tag comprises a wireless transceiver, a logistics sensor, a power source, and a breakable link. The wireless transceiver reports an electronic identifier for the sensor tag. The power source provides power to the sensor tag. The breakable link removably attaches to the container. Removal of the sensor tag from the tracked container is determined with data from the logistics sensor. The removal of the sensor tag is reported by the wireless transceiver away from the sensor tag.1. A sensor tag for attachment to at least a portion of a tracked container, the sensor tag comprising:
a wireless transceiver that reports an electronic identifier; a logistics sensor; a power source providing power to the sensor tag; and a closure that removably attaches to the container, wherein:
removal of the closure from the tracked container allows access to contents of the tracked container,
removal of the closure prevents reinstalling the closure to achieve a closed state;
a removed state is determined with data from the logistics sensor once the closure is removed, and
the removal state is reported with the electronic identifier by the wireless transceiver away from the sensor tag. 2. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 1, wherein the breakable loop comprises a flexible tape section including teeth that engage a ratcheting pawl in a one way fashion upon insertion of the flexible tape section into the ratcheting pawl. 3. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 1, wherein the electronic identification circuit is a Bluetooth™ beacon. 4. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 1, the sensor tag further comprising a breakable link, wherein the breakable link includes an electrical connection. 5. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 1, the sensor tag further comprising a breakable link, wherein the breakable link is replaceable. 6. A sensor tag for attachment to at least a portion of a tracked container, the sensor tag comprising:
a wireless transceiver that reports an electronic identifier; a logistics sensor; a power source providing power to the sensor tag; and a breakable link that removably attaches to the container, wherein:
removal of the sensor tag from the tracked container is determined with data from the logistics sensor, and
the removal is reported by the wireless transceiver away from the sensor tag. 7. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the breakable loop comprises a flexible tape section including teeth that engage a ratcheting pawl in a one way fashion upon insertion of the flexible tape section into the ratcheting pawl. 8. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the electronic identification circuit is a Bluetooth™ beacon. 9. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the electronic identification circuit is a RFID circuit. 10. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the power source is a coin battery. 11. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the power source is a wireless power receiver. 12. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the breakable link includes an electrical connection. 13. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the breakable link prevents opening the container when unbroken. 14. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 6, wherein the breakable link is replaceable. 15. A sensor tag for attachment to at least a portion of a tracked container, the sensor tag comprising:
a wireless transceiver that reports an electronic identifier; a logistics sensor; a power source providing power to the sensor tag; and a closure that removably attaches to the container, wherein:
removal of the closure from the tracked container allows access to contents of the tracked container,
a removed state is determined with data from the logistics sensor, and
the removal state is reported with the electronic identifier by the wireless transceiver away from the sensor tag. 16. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 15, wherein the breakable loop comprises a flexible tape section including teeth that engage a ratcheting pawl in a one way fashion upon insertion of the flexible tape section into the ratcheting pawl. 17. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 15, wherein the electronic identification circuit is a Bluetooth™ beacon. 18. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 15, the sensor tag further comprising a breakable link, wherein the breakable link includes an electrical connection. 19. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 15, the sensor tag further comprising a breakable link, wherein the breakable link prevents opening the container when unbroken. 20. The sensor tag for attachment to at least the portion of a container of claim 15, the sensor tag further comprising a breakable link, wherein the breakable link is replaceable. | 3,600 |
339,791 | 16,800,722 | 3,618 | A machine includes a frame having a first frame member selectively coupled to a second frame member. The machine also includes an alignment and connection assembly including a protrusion coupled to the first frame member. The protrusion is receiveable within the second frame member to align the first frame member with the second frame member. The alignment and connection assembly also includes a fastener coupled to the protrusion. The fastener is operable to secure the first frame member relative to the second frame member. | 1. A machine comprising:
a frame including a first frame member selectively coupled to a second frame member; and an alignment and connection assembly including
a protrusion coupled to the first frame member, the protrusion having a surface tapering in a direction along a longitudinal axis of the protrusion, the protrusion receiveable within the second frame member for the tapered surface of the protrusion to engage the second frame member and align the first frame member with the second frame member, and
a fastener coupled to the protrusion, the fastener operable to secure the first frame member relative to the second frame member. 2. The machine of claim 1, wherein the fastener includes a threaded shaft fixedly coupled to the protrusion, and wherein the fastener also includes a threaded nut positioned within the second frame member when coupled to the threaded shaft to secure the first frame member relative to the second frame member. 3. The machine of claim 2, wherein the second frame member includes an alignment ring having an inner tapered surface, wherein the alignment ring is fixed within the second frame member, and wherein the tapered surface of the protrusion is an outer tapered surface that engages the inner tapered surface of the alignment ring to align the first frame member with the second frame member. 4. The machine of claim 3, wherein the alignment and connection assembly includes a washer between the alignment ring and the threaded nut, and wherein the threaded shaft is received through the washer for the threaded nut to compress the washer against the alignment ring and prevent disengagement between the protrusion and the alignment ring. 5. The machine of claim 4, wherein the threaded nut includes a body, wherein the body includes a threaded aperture that receives a bolt, and wherein the bolt is tightened into the body to inhibit the threaded nut from loosening relative to the threaded shaft. 6. The machine of claim 1, wherein an interface between the first frame member and the second frame member defines a joint, and wherein the fastener is operable to compress the joint in response to the fastener being tightened. 7. The machine of claim 1, wherein the machine is a feeder conveyor including a conveyor configured to move material toward a discharge end of the feeder conveyor. 8. A machine comprising:
a frame configured to support the machine above a surface, the frame including a first frame member interfacing with a second frame member at a joint, the joint including an alignment and connection assembly operable to selectively couple the first frame member to the second frame member, the alignment and connection assembly including
a protrusion coupled to the first frame member, the protrusion receiveable within the second frame member along an insertion axis to engage a surface of the second frame member and align the first frame member with the second frame member, the surface of the second frame member tapering along the insertion axis, and
a fastener operable to compress the joint and couple the first frame member to the second frame member in response to the fastener being tightened. 9. The machine of claim 8, wherein the fastener includes a threaded shaft fixedly coupled to the protrusion, and wherein the fastener also includes a threaded nut positioned within the second frame member when coupled to the threaded shaft to secure the first frame member relative to the second frame member. 10. The machine of claim 9, wherein the second frame member includes an alignment ring having the tapered surface of the second frame member, wherein the alignment ring is fixed within the second frame member, and wherein an outer tapered surface of the protrusion engages the tapered surface of the alignment ring to align the first frame member with the second frame member. 11. The machine of claim 10, wherein the alignment and connection assembly includes a washer between the alignment ring and the threaded nut, and wherein the threaded shaft is received through the washer for the threaded nut to compress the washer against the alignment ring and prevent disengagement between the protrusion and the alignment ring. 12. The machine of claim 11, wherein the threaded nut includes a body, wherein the body includes a threaded aperture that receives a bolt, and wherein the bolt is tightened into the body to inhibit the threaded nut from loosening relative to the threaded shaft. 13. The machine of claim 8, wherein the machine is a feeder conveyor including a conveyor configured to move material toward a discharge end of the feeder conveyor. 14. A machine comprising:
a frame including a first frame member selectively coupled to a second frame member; a protrusion coupled to one of the first frame member or the second frame member, the protrusion receiveable within the other one of the first frame member or the second frame member along an insertion axis; and a fastener positioned within one of the first frame member or the second frame member, the fastener accessible within one of the first frame member or the second frame member to tighten the fastener and secure the first frame member relative to the second frame member, wherein the first frame member aligns with the second frame member along the insertion axis in response to tightening the fastener. 15. The machine of claim 14, wherein the fastener includes a threaded shaft fixedly coupled to the protrusion, and wherein the fastener also includes a threaded nut positioned within the second frame member when coupled to the threaded shaft to secure the first frame member relative to the second frame member. 16. The machine of claim 15, wherein the second frame member includes an opening to provide access to the threaded nut within the second frame member. 17. The machine of claim 16, wherein the second frame member includes an alignment ring having an inner tapered surface, wherein the alignment ring is fixed within the second frame member, and wherein an outer tapered surface of the protrusion engages the inner tapered surface of the alignment ring to align the first frame member with the second frame member. 18. The machine of claim 17, wherein the alignment and connection assembly includes a washer between the alignment ring and the threaded nut, and wherein the threaded shaft is received through the washer for the threaded nut to compress the washer against the alignment ring and prevent disengagement between the protrusion and the alignment ring. 19. The machine of claim 14, wherein an interface between the first frame member and the second frame member defines a joint, and wherein the fastener is operable to compress the joint in response to the fastener being tightened. 20. The machine of claim 14, wherein the machine is a feeder conveyor including a conveyor configured to move material toward a discharge end of the feeder conveyor. | A machine includes a frame having a first frame member selectively coupled to a second frame member. The machine also includes an alignment and connection assembly including a protrusion coupled to the first frame member. The protrusion is receiveable within the second frame member to align the first frame member with the second frame member. The alignment and connection assembly also includes a fastener coupled to the protrusion. The fastener is operable to secure the first frame member relative to the second frame member.1. A machine comprising:
a frame including a first frame member selectively coupled to a second frame member; and an alignment and connection assembly including
a protrusion coupled to the first frame member, the protrusion having a surface tapering in a direction along a longitudinal axis of the protrusion, the protrusion receiveable within the second frame member for the tapered surface of the protrusion to engage the second frame member and align the first frame member with the second frame member, and
a fastener coupled to the protrusion, the fastener operable to secure the first frame member relative to the second frame member. 2. The machine of claim 1, wherein the fastener includes a threaded shaft fixedly coupled to the protrusion, and wherein the fastener also includes a threaded nut positioned within the second frame member when coupled to the threaded shaft to secure the first frame member relative to the second frame member. 3. The machine of claim 2, wherein the second frame member includes an alignment ring having an inner tapered surface, wherein the alignment ring is fixed within the second frame member, and wherein the tapered surface of the protrusion is an outer tapered surface that engages the inner tapered surface of the alignment ring to align the first frame member with the second frame member. 4. The machine of claim 3, wherein the alignment and connection assembly includes a washer between the alignment ring and the threaded nut, and wherein the threaded shaft is received through the washer for the threaded nut to compress the washer against the alignment ring and prevent disengagement between the protrusion and the alignment ring. 5. The machine of claim 4, wherein the threaded nut includes a body, wherein the body includes a threaded aperture that receives a bolt, and wherein the bolt is tightened into the body to inhibit the threaded nut from loosening relative to the threaded shaft. 6. The machine of claim 1, wherein an interface between the first frame member and the second frame member defines a joint, and wherein the fastener is operable to compress the joint in response to the fastener being tightened. 7. The machine of claim 1, wherein the machine is a feeder conveyor including a conveyor configured to move material toward a discharge end of the feeder conveyor. 8. A machine comprising:
a frame configured to support the machine above a surface, the frame including a first frame member interfacing with a second frame member at a joint, the joint including an alignment and connection assembly operable to selectively couple the first frame member to the second frame member, the alignment and connection assembly including
a protrusion coupled to the first frame member, the protrusion receiveable within the second frame member along an insertion axis to engage a surface of the second frame member and align the first frame member with the second frame member, the surface of the second frame member tapering along the insertion axis, and
a fastener operable to compress the joint and couple the first frame member to the second frame member in response to the fastener being tightened. 9. The machine of claim 8, wherein the fastener includes a threaded shaft fixedly coupled to the protrusion, and wherein the fastener also includes a threaded nut positioned within the second frame member when coupled to the threaded shaft to secure the first frame member relative to the second frame member. 10. The machine of claim 9, wherein the second frame member includes an alignment ring having the tapered surface of the second frame member, wherein the alignment ring is fixed within the second frame member, and wherein an outer tapered surface of the protrusion engages the tapered surface of the alignment ring to align the first frame member with the second frame member. 11. The machine of claim 10, wherein the alignment and connection assembly includes a washer between the alignment ring and the threaded nut, and wherein the threaded shaft is received through the washer for the threaded nut to compress the washer against the alignment ring and prevent disengagement between the protrusion and the alignment ring. 12. The machine of claim 11, wherein the threaded nut includes a body, wherein the body includes a threaded aperture that receives a bolt, and wherein the bolt is tightened into the body to inhibit the threaded nut from loosening relative to the threaded shaft. 13. The machine of claim 8, wherein the machine is a feeder conveyor including a conveyor configured to move material toward a discharge end of the feeder conveyor. 14. A machine comprising:
a frame including a first frame member selectively coupled to a second frame member; a protrusion coupled to one of the first frame member or the second frame member, the protrusion receiveable within the other one of the first frame member or the second frame member along an insertion axis; and a fastener positioned within one of the first frame member or the second frame member, the fastener accessible within one of the first frame member or the second frame member to tighten the fastener and secure the first frame member relative to the second frame member, wherein the first frame member aligns with the second frame member along the insertion axis in response to tightening the fastener. 15. The machine of claim 14, wherein the fastener includes a threaded shaft fixedly coupled to the protrusion, and wherein the fastener also includes a threaded nut positioned within the second frame member when coupled to the threaded shaft to secure the first frame member relative to the second frame member. 16. The machine of claim 15, wherein the second frame member includes an opening to provide access to the threaded nut within the second frame member. 17. The machine of claim 16, wherein the second frame member includes an alignment ring having an inner tapered surface, wherein the alignment ring is fixed within the second frame member, and wherein an outer tapered surface of the protrusion engages the inner tapered surface of the alignment ring to align the first frame member with the second frame member. 18. The machine of claim 17, wherein the alignment and connection assembly includes a washer between the alignment ring and the threaded nut, and wherein the threaded shaft is received through the washer for the threaded nut to compress the washer against the alignment ring and prevent disengagement between the protrusion and the alignment ring. 19. The machine of claim 14, wherein an interface between the first frame member and the second frame member defines a joint, and wherein the fastener is operable to compress the joint in response to the fastener being tightened. 20. The machine of claim 14, wherein the machine is a feeder conveyor including a conveyor configured to move material toward a discharge end of the feeder conveyor. | 3,600 |
339,792 | 16,800,723 | 3,618 | An electronic device is configured to provide haptic feedback to a user based on an input action associated with an input device. The electronic device includes a haptic engine operably connected to a processing device. The haptic engine includes an electromagnetic actuator that detects an input action associated with the input device. The electromagnetic actuator also produces a haptic output in response to the detection of the input action. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. An electronic watch comprising:
a housing; a band coupled to the housing and configured to secure the housing to a user; a touch-sensitive display at least partially enclosed by the housing; a solid-state button positioned along a sidewall of the housing and configured to receive an input, the solid-state button comprising:
a force sensor configured to estimate an input force associated with the input; and
a haptic actuator positioned within the housing and configured to produce a haptic output along an exterior surface of the solid-state button; and
a processing device operably connected to the force sensor and the haptic actuator, the processing device configured to cause the haptic actuator to produce the haptic output in response to the estimate of the input force exceeding an actuation threshold. 22. The electronic watch of claim 21, wherein the force sensor comprises a force sensing layer positioned between the solid-state button and the housing. 23. The electronic watch of claim 22, wherein:
the force sensing layer comprises first and second electrodes separated by a compliant material; and the estimate of the input force is based on a change in capacitance between the first and second electrodes. 24. The electronic watch of claim 21, wherein:
the haptic output is a first haptic output; the actuation threshold is a first actuation threshold; and the processing device is further configured to cause the haptic actuator to produce a second haptic output, different from the first haptic output, in response to the estimate of the input force exceeding a second actuation threshold. 25. The electronic watch of claim 21, wherein the processing device is configured to cause the touch-sensitive display to perform a display function in response to the estimate of the input force exceeding the actuation threshold. 26. The electronic watch of claim 25, wherein:
the display function is a first display function; the actuation threshold is a first actuation threshold; and the processing device is further configured to cause the touch-sensitive display to perform a second display function in response to the estimate of the input force exceeding a second actuation threshold. 27. The electronic watch of claim 21, wherein the haptic actuator comprises:
a shaft coupled to the solid-state button; a magnet coupled to the shaft; and a coil assembly at least partially surrounding the magnet and operably coupled to the magnet, the coil assembly configured to cause a movement of the magnet and the shaft thereby producing the haptic output. 28. The electronic watch of claim 27, further comprising an actuator housing at least partially surrounding the magnet, wherein the coil assembly is attached to the actuator housing. 29. A wearable electronic device comprising:
a housing; a display at least partially enclosed by the housing; an input device coupled to the housing and having an input surface; a haptic engine coupled to the input device, the haptic engine comprising:
a magnet assembly; and
a coil assembly operably coupled to the magnet assembly;
a force sensor positioned between the input device and the housing; and a processing device operably coupled to the haptic engine and the force sensor and configured to:
detect an input action provided to the input surface;
estimate a force of the input action based on an output of the force sensor; and
in response to the estimate of the force exceeding a threshold, cause a movement between the magnet assembly and the coil assembly to produce a haptic output. 30. The wearable electronic device of claim 29, wherein the force sensor further comprises:
a first electrode layer fixed with respect to the input device; a second electrode layer fixed with respect to the housing: and a dielectric material positioned between the first and second electrode layers. 31. The wearable electronic device of claim 30, wherein:
the first electrode layer comprises multiple first electrodes; and the second electrode layer comprises multiple second electrodes, each aligned with a respective first electrode of the multiple first electrodes. 32. The wearable electronic device of claim 30, wherein the output of the force sensor is based on a change in capacitance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. 33. The wearable electronic device of claim 30, wherein the dielectric material comprises a compliant material configured to compress in response to the input action. 34. The wearable electronic device of claim 29, wherein the force sensor is positioned at least partially around a perimeter of the input device. 35. The wearable electronic device of claim 29, wherein the wearable electronic device comprises an electronic watch that is configured to be worn on a wrist of a user. 36. The wearable electronic device of claim 29, wherein:
the threshold is a first threshold; the haptic output is a first haptic output; and the processing device is further configured to cause the coil assembly to produce a second haptic output, different from the first haptic output, in response to the estimate of the force exceeding a second threshold. 37. An electronic watch comprising:
a housing defining a portion of an outer surface of the electronic watch; an input device configured to receive a user input; a force sensor operably coupled to the input device and configured to generate a force input signal in response to the user input; a processing device configured to cause a generation of a haptic output signal in response to the force input signal; and an electromagnetic actuator mechanically coupled to the input device, the electromagnetic actuator comprising:
a magnet assembly; and
a coil assembly configured to cause the magnet assembly to generate a haptic output in response to receiving the haptic output signal. 38. The electronic watch of claim 37, wherein the force sensor is positioned between the housing and the input device. 39. The electronic watch of claim 37, wherein the input device is an input button and the user input comprises a press of the input button. 40. The electronic watch of claim 37, wherein the input device comprises:
a central section that is coupled to the electromagnetic actuator; and a peripheral section that is coupled to the force sensor. | An electronic device is configured to provide haptic feedback to a user based on an input action associated with an input device. The electronic device includes a haptic engine operably connected to a processing device. The haptic engine includes an electromagnetic actuator that detects an input action associated with the input device. The electromagnetic actuator also produces a haptic output in response to the detection of the input action.1-20. (canceled) 21. An electronic watch comprising:
a housing; a band coupled to the housing and configured to secure the housing to a user; a touch-sensitive display at least partially enclosed by the housing; a solid-state button positioned along a sidewall of the housing and configured to receive an input, the solid-state button comprising:
a force sensor configured to estimate an input force associated with the input; and
a haptic actuator positioned within the housing and configured to produce a haptic output along an exterior surface of the solid-state button; and
a processing device operably connected to the force sensor and the haptic actuator, the processing device configured to cause the haptic actuator to produce the haptic output in response to the estimate of the input force exceeding an actuation threshold. 22. The electronic watch of claim 21, wherein the force sensor comprises a force sensing layer positioned between the solid-state button and the housing. 23. The electronic watch of claim 22, wherein:
the force sensing layer comprises first and second electrodes separated by a compliant material; and the estimate of the input force is based on a change in capacitance between the first and second electrodes. 24. The electronic watch of claim 21, wherein:
the haptic output is a first haptic output; the actuation threshold is a first actuation threshold; and the processing device is further configured to cause the haptic actuator to produce a second haptic output, different from the first haptic output, in response to the estimate of the input force exceeding a second actuation threshold. 25. The electronic watch of claim 21, wherein the processing device is configured to cause the touch-sensitive display to perform a display function in response to the estimate of the input force exceeding the actuation threshold. 26. The electronic watch of claim 25, wherein:
the display function is a first display function; the actuation threshold is a first actuation threshold; and the processing device is further configured to cause the touch-sensitive display to perform a second display function in response to the estimate of the input force exceeding a second actuation threshold. 27. The electronic watch of claim 21, wherein the haptic actuator comprises:
a shaft coupled to the solid-state button; a magnet coupled to the shaft; and a coil assembly at least partially surrounding the magnet and operably coupled to the magnet, the coil assembly configured to cause a movement of the magnet and the shaft thereby producing the haptic output. 28. The electronic watch of claim 27, further comprising an actuator housing at least partially surrounding the magnet, wherein the coil assembly is attached to the actuator housing. 29. A wearable electronic device comprising:
a housing; a display at least partially enclosed by the housing; an input device coupled to the housing and having an input surface; a haptic engine coupled to the input device, the haptic engine comprising:
a magnet assembly; and
a coil assembly operably coupled to the magnet assembly;
a force sensor positioned between the input device and the housing; and a processing device operably coupled to the haptic engine and the force sensor and configured to:
detect an input action provided to the input surface;
estimate a force of the input action based on an output of the force sensor; and
in response to the estimate of the force exceeding a threshold, cause a movement between the magnet assembly and the coil assembly to produce a haptic output. 30. The wearable electronic device of claim 29, wherein the force sensor further comprises:
a first electrode layer fixed with respect to the input device; a second electrode layer fixed with respect to the housing: and a dielectric material positioned between the first and second electrode layers. 31. The wearable electronic device of claim 30, wherein:
the first electrode layer comprises multiple first electrodes; and the second electrode layer comprises multiple second electrodes, each aligned with a respective first electrode of the multiple first electrodes. 32. The wearable electronic device of claim 30, wherein the output of the force sensor is based on a change in capacitance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. 33. The wearable electronic device of claim 30, wherein the dielectric material comprises a compliant material configured to compress in response to the input action. 34. The wearable electronic device of claim 29, wherein the force sensor is positioned at least partially around a perimeter of the input device. 35. The wearable electronic device of claim 29, wherein the wearable electronic device comprises an electronic watch that is configured to be worn on a wrist of a user. 36. The wearable electronic device of claim 29, wherein:
the threshold is a first threshold; the haptic output is a first haptic output; and the processing device is further configured to cause the coil assembly to produce a second haptic output, different from the first haptic output, in response to the estimate of the force exceeding a second threshold. 37. An electronic watch comprising:
a housing defining a portion of an outer surface of the electronic watch; an input device configured to receive a user input; a force sensor operably coupled to the input device and configured to generate a force input signal in response to the user input; a processing device configured to cause a generation of a haptic output signal in response to the force input signal; and an electromagnetic actuator mechanically coupled to the input device, the electromagnetic actuator comprising:
a magnet assembly; and
a coil assembly configured to cause the magnet assembly to generate a haptic output in response to receiving the haptic output signal. 38. The electronic watch of claim 37, wherein the force sensor is positioned between the housing and the input device. 39. The electronic watch of claim 37, wherein the input device is an input button and the user input comprises a press of the input button. 40. The electronic watch of claim 37, wherein the input device comprises:
a central section that is coupled to the electromagnetic actuator; and a peripheral section that is coupled to the force sensor. | 3,600 |
339,793 | 16,800,641 | 3,618 | A method for distributed data processing includes selecting a first number of candidate key-value pairs from input key-value pairs stored in a distributed file system and identifying an invocation frequency for each of the first number of candidate key-value pairs in a predetermined period of time. The invocation frequency is a number of times the corresponding candidate key-value pair was called by a service system in the predetermined period of time. The method further includes selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs from the candidate key-value pairs based on the invocation frequencies of the candidate key-value pairs, mapping the second number of hot key-value pairs to intermediate key-value pairs, and reducing the intermediate key-value pairs to resultant key-value pairs to be called by the service system. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
identifying an invocation frequency for each of a first number of candidate key-value pairs in a predetermined period of time, wherein the invocation frequency is a number of times the corresponding candidate key-value pair was called by a service system in the predetermined period of time; selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs from the candidate key-value pairs, wherein the hot key-value pairs comprise at least one of: candidate key-value pairs that have invocation frequencies higher than a predetermined threshold, or candidate key-value pairs with key values within a key value interval; mapping, as intermediate key-value pairs, the second number of hot key-value pairs; and reducing, as resultant key-value pairs, the intermediate key-value pairs, wherein the resultant key-value pairs are to be called by the service system. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the first number of candidate key-value pairs is randomly selected from input key-value pairs stored in a distributed file system. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
determining a service type of a service provided by the service system; determining one or more key types based on the service type; and selecting key-value pairs with the one or more key types as the first number of candidate key-value pairs. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs further comprises:
sorting the candidate key-value pairs based on their corresponding invocation frequencies; and selecting the second number of hot key-value pairs based on the sorted candidate key-value pairs that have invocation frequencies higher than a predetermined threshold. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs further comprises:
determining a distribution of invocation frequencies of the candidate key-value pairs; determining one or more key value intervals as filtering conditions for selecting the hot key-value pairs based on a predetermined frequency threshold; and selecting candidate key-value pairs with key values within the one or more key value intervals as hot key-value pairs. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 25, wherein the one or more key value intervals are related to key values of the same key type, and wherein corresponding key-value pairs within the one or more key value intervals have a total invocation frequency greater than the predetermined frequency threshold. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 25, wherein the one or more key value intervals are related to key values of one or more key types, and wherein corresponding key-value pairs within the one or more key value intervals have a total invocation frequency greater than the predetermined frequency threshold. 28. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
mapping non-hot key-value pairs to intermediate key-value pairs when the non-hot key-value pairs are called by the service system; and reducing the intermediate key-value pairs to resultant key-value pairs. 29. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
identifying an invocation frequency for each of a first number of candidate key-value pairs in a predetermined period of time, wherein the invocation frequency is a number of times the corresponding candidate key-value pair was called by a service system in the predetermined period of time; selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs from the candidate key-value pairs, wherein the hot key-value pairs comprise at least one of: candidate key-value pairs that have invocation frequencies higher than a predetermined threshold, or candidate key-value pairs with key values within a key value interval; mapping, as intermediate key-value pairs, the second number of hot key-value pairs; and reducing, as resultant key-value pairs, the intermediate key-value pairs, wherein the resultant key-value pairs are to be called by the service system. 30. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the first number of candidate key-value pairs is randomly selected from input key-value pairs stored in a distributed file system. 31. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a service type of a service provided by the service system; determining one or more key types based on the service type; and selecting key-value pairs with the one or more key types as the first number of candidate key-value pairs. 32. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs further comprises:
sorting the candidate key-value pairs based on their corresponding invocation frequencies; and selecting the second number of hot key-value pairs based on the sorted candidate key-value pairs that have invocation frequencies higher than a predetermined threshold. 33. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs further comprises:
determining a distribution of invocation frequencies of the candidate key-value pairs; determining one or more key value intervals as filtering conditions for selecting the hot key-value pairs based on a predetermined frequency threshold; and selecting candidate key-value pairs with key values within the one or more key value intervals as hot key-value pairs. 34. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the one or more key value intervals are related to key values of the same key type, and wherein corresponding key-value pairs within the one or more key value intervals have a total invocation frequency greater than the predetermined frequency threshold. 35. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the one or more key value intervals are related to key values of one or more key types, and wherein corresponding key-value pairs within the one or more key value intervals have a total invocation frequency greater than the predetermined frequency threshold. 36. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the operations further comprise:
mapping non-hot key-value pairs to intermediate key-value pairs when the non-hot key-value pairs are called by the service system; and reducing the intermediate key-value pairs to resultant key-value pairs. 37. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
identifying an invocation frequency for each of a first number of candidate key-value pairs in a predetermined period of time, wherein the invocation frequency is a number of times the corresponding candidate key-value pair was called by a service system in the predetermined period of time;
selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs from the candidate key-value pairs, wherein the hot key-value pairs comprise at least one of: candidate key-value pairs that have invocation frequencies higher than a predetermined threshold, or candidate key-value pairs with key values within a key value interval;
mapping, as intermediate key-value pairs, the second number of hot key-value pairs; and
reducing, as resultant key-value pairs, the intermediate key-value pairs, wherein the resultant key-value pairs are to be called by the service system. 38. The computer-implemented system of claim 37, wherein the first number of candidate key-value pairs is randomly selected from input key-value pairs stored in a distributed file system. 39. The computer-implemented system of claim 37, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a service type of a service provided by the service system; determining one or more key types based on the service type; and selecting key-value pairs with the one or more key types as the first number of candidate key-value pairs. 40. The computer-implemented system of claim 37, wherein selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs further comprises:
sorting the candidate key-value pairs based on their corresponding invocation frequencies; and selecting the second number of hot key-value pairs based on the sorted candidate key-value pairs that have invocation frequencies higher than a predetermined threshold. | A method for distributed data processing includes selecting a first number of candidate key-value pairs from input key-value pairs stored in a distributed file system and identifying an invocation frequency for each of the first number of candidate key-value pairs in a predetermined period of time. The invocation frequency is a number of times the corresponding candidate key-value pair was called by a service system in the predetermined period of time. The method further includes selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs from the candidate key-value pairs based on the invocation frequencies of the candidate key-value pairs, mapping the second number of hot key-value pairs to intermediate key-value pairs, and reducing the intermediate key-value pairs to resultant key-value pairs to be called by the service system.1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
identifying an invocation frequency for each of a first number of candidate key-value pairs in a predetermined period of time, wherein the invocation frequency is a number of times the corresponding candidate key-value pair was called by a service system in the predetermined period of time; selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs from the candidate key-value pairs, wherein the hot key-value pairs comprise at least one of: candidate key-value pairs that have invocation frequencies higher than a predetermined threshold, or candidate key-value pairs with key values within a key value interval; mapping, as intermediate key-value pairs, the second number of hot key-value pairs; and reducing, as resultant key-value pairs, the intermediate key-value pairs, wherein the resultant key-value pairs are to be called by the service system. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the first number of candidate key-value pairs is randomly selected from input key-value pairs stored in a distributed file system. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
determining a service type of a service provided by the service system; determining one or more key types based on the service type; and selecting key-value pairs with the one or more key types as the first number of candidate key-value pairs. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs further comprises:
sorting the candidate key-value pairs based on their corresponding invocation frequencies; and selecting the second number of hot key-value pairs based on the sorted candidate key-value pairs that have invocation frequencies higher than a predetermined threshold. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs further comprises:
determining a distribution of invocation frequencies of the candidate key-value pairs; determining one or more key value intervals as filtering conditions for selecting the hot key-value pairs based on a predetermined frequency threshold; and selecting candidate key-value pairs with key values within the one or more key value intervals as hot key-value pairs. 26. The computer-implemented method of claim 25, wherein the one or more key value intervals are related to key values of the same key type, and wherein corresponding key-value pairs within the one or more key value intervals have a total invocation frequency greater than the predetermined frequency threshold. 27. The computer-implemented method of claim 25, wherein the one or more key value intervals are related to key values of one or more key types, and wherein corresponding key-value pairs within the one or more key value intervals have a total invocation frequency greater than the predetermined frequency threshold. 28. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, further comprising:
mapping non-hot key-value pairs to intermediate key-value pairs when the non-hot key-value pairs are called by the service system; and reducing the intermediate key-value pairs to resultant key-value pairs. 29. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
identifying an invocation frequency for each of a first number of candidate key-value pairs in a predetermined period of time, wherein the invocation frequency is a number of times the corresponding candidate key-value pair was called by a service system in the predetermined period of time; selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs from the candidate key-value pairs, wherein the hot key-value pairs comprise at least one of: candidate key-value pairs that have invocation frequencies higher than a predetermined threshold, or candidate key-value pairs with key values within a key value interval; mapping, as intermediate key-value pairs, the second number of hot key-value pairs; and reducing, as resultant key-value pairs, the intermediate key-value pairs, wherein the resultant key-value pairs are to be called by the service system. 30. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the first number of candidate key-value pairs is randomly selected from input key-value pairs stored in a distributed file system. 31. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a service type of a service provided by the service system; determining one or more key types based on the service type; and selecting key-value pairs with the one or more key types as the first number of candidate key-value pairs. 32. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs further comprises:
sorting the candidate key-value pairs based on their corresponding invocation frequencies; and selecting the second number of hot key-value pairs based on the sorted candidate key-value pairs that have invocation frequencies higher than a predetermined threshold. 33. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs further comprises:
determining a distribution of invocation frequencies of the candidate key-value pairs; determining one or more key value intervals as filtering conditions for selecting the hot key-value pairs based on a predetermined frequency threshold; and selecting candidate key-value pairs with key values within the one or more key value intervals as hot key-value pairs. 34. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the one or more key value intervals are related to key values of the same key type, and wherein corresponding key-value pairs within the one or more key value intervals have a total invocation frequency greater than the predetermined frequency threshold. 35. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the one or more key value intervals are related to key values of one or more key types, and wherein corresponding key-value pairs within the one or more key value intervals have a total invocation frequency greater than the predetermined frequency threshold. 36. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the operations further comprise:
mapping non-hot key-value pairs to intermediate key-value pairs when the non-hot key-value pairs are called by the service system; and reducing the intermediate key-value pairs to resultant key-value pairs. 37. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
identifying an invocation frequency for each of a first number of candidate key-value pairs in a predetermined period of time, wherein the invocation frequency is a number of times the corresponding candidate key-value pair was called by a service system in the predetermined period of time;
selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs from the candidate key-value pairs, wherein the hot key-value pairs comprise at least one of: candidate key-value pairs that have invocation frequencies higher than a predetermined threshold, or candidate key-value pairs with key values within a key value interval;
mapping, as intermediate key-value pairs, the second number of hot key-value pairs; and
reducing, as resultant key-value pairs, the intermediate key-value pairs, wherein the resultant key-value pairs are to be called by the service system. 38. The computer-implemented system of claim 37, wherein the first number of candidate key-value pairs is randomly selected from input key-value pairs stored in a distributed file system. 39. The computer-implemented system of claim 37, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a service type of a service provided by the service system; determining one or more key types based on the service type; and selecting key-value pairs with the one or more key types as the first number of candidate key-value pairs. 40. The computer-implemented system of claim 37, wherein selecting a second number of hot key-value pairs further comprises:
sorting the candidate key-value pairs based on their corresponding invocation frequencies; and selecting the second number of hot key-value pairs based on the sorted candidate key-value pairs that have invocation frequencies higher than a predetermined threshold. | 3,600 |
339,794 | 16,800,696 | 3,618 | The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for increasing oxygen availability to implantable devices. The preferred embodiments provide a membrane system configured to provide protection of the device from the biological environment and/or a catalyst for enabling an enzymatic reaction, wherein the membrane system includes a polymer formed from a high oxygen soluble material. The high oxygen soluble polymer material is disposed adjacent to an oxygen-utilizing source on the implantable device so as to dynamically retain high oxygen availability to the oxygen-utilizing source during oxygen deficits. Membrane systems of the preferred embodiments are useful for implantable devices with oxygen-utilizing sources and/or that function in low oxygen environments, such as enzyme-based electrochemical sensors and cell transplantation devices. | 1. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
a membrane system comprising an enzyme domain comprising an enzyme that reacts with the analyte in the fluid as it passes through the enzyme domain; and a working electrode comprising a conductive material, wherein the working electrode is configured to measure a product of a reaction of the enzyme with the analyte, wherein the membrane system comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility. 2. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, wherein the enzyme domain comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility. 3. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of silicone, fluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon. 4. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, further comprising a resistance domain configured to restrict a flow of the analyte therethrough, wherein the resistance domain is located more distal to the working electrode than the enzyme domain, and wherein the resistance domain comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility. 5. The electrochemical sensor of claim 4, wherein the resistance domain comprises a polymer material selected from the group consisting of silicone, fluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon. 6. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, further comprising a cell impermeable domain that is substantially impermeable to cells, wherein the cell impermeable domain is located more distal to the working electrode than the enzyme domain, and wherein the cell impermeable domain comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility. 7. The electrochemical sensor of claim 6, wherein the cell impermeable domain comprises a polymer material selected from the group consisting of silicone, fluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon. 8. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, further comprising a cell disruptive domain that comprises a substantially porous structure, wherein the cell disruptive domain is located more distal to the working electrode than the enzyme domain, and wherein the cell disruptive domain comprises a polymer material with high oxygen solubility. 9. The electrochemical sensor of claim 8, wherein the cell impermeable domain comprises a polymer material selected from the group consisting of silicone, fluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon. 10. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, further comprising an interference domain configured to limit or block interfering species, wherein the interference domain is located more proximal to the working electrode than the enzyme domain, and wherein the interference domain comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility. 11. The electrochemical sensor of claim 10, wherein the interference domain comprises a polymer material selected from the group consisting of silicone, fluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon. 12. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, further comprising an electrolyte domain configured to provide hydrophilicity at the working electrode, wherein the electrolyte domain is located more proximal to the working electrode than the enzyme domain, and wherein the electrolyte domain comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility. 13. The electrochemical sensor of claim 12, wherein the electrolyte domain comprises a polymer material selected from the group consisting of silicone, fluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon. 14. An analyte sensing device configured for implantation into a tissue of a host, the device comprising:
an oxygen-utilizing source; a membrane system configured to provide at least one function selected from the group consisting of:
protection of the device from a biological environment;
diffusion resistance of an analyte;
a catalyst for enabling an enzymatic reaction; and
limitation of interfering species;
wherein the membrane system comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility, wherein the membrane system is adjacent to the oxygen-utilizing source. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the oxygen-utilizing source comprises an enzyme. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the membrane system comprises the polymer material with the high oxygen solubility, wherein the polymer material is substantially continuously situated between the enzyme and the tissue. 17. The device of claim 14, wherein the oxygen-utilizing source comprises an electroactive surface. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein the membrane system comprises the polymer material with the high oxygen solubility, wherein the polymer material is substantially continuously situated between the electroactive surface and the tissue. 19. The device of claim 14, wherein the oxygen-utilizing source comprises cells. 20. The device of claim 19, wherein the membrane system comprises the polymer material with the high oxygen solubility, wherein the polymer material is substantially continuously situated between the cells and the tissue. | The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for increasing oxygen availability to implantable devices. The preferred embodiments provide a membrane system configured to provide protection of the device from the biological environment and/or a catalyst for enabling an enzymatic reaction, wherein the membrane system includes a polymer formed from a high oxygen soluble material. The high oxygen soluble polymer material is disposed adjacent to an oxygen-utilizing source on the implantable device so as to dynamically retain high oxygen availability to the oxygen-utilizing source during oxygen deficits. Membrane systems of the preferred embodiments are useful for implantable devices with oxygen-utilizing sources and/or that function in low oxygen environments, such as enzyme-based electrochemical sensors and cell transplantation devices.1. An electrochemical sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of an analyte in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
a membrane system comprising an enzyme domain comprising an enzyme that reacts with the analyte in the fluid as it passes through the enzyme domain; and a working electrode comprising a conductive material, wherein the working electrode is configured to measure a product of a reaction of the enzyme with the analyte, wherein the membrane system comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility. 2. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, wherein the enzyme domain comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility. 3. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of silicone, fluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon. 4. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, further comprising a resistance domain configured to restrict a flow of the analyte therethrough, wherein the resistance domain is located more distal to the working electrode than the enzyme domain, and wherein the resistance domain comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility. 5. The electrochemical sensor of claim 4, wherein the resistance domain comprises a polymer material selected from the group consisting of silicone, fluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon. 6. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, further comprising a cell impermeable domain that is substantially impermeable to cells, wherein the cell impermeable domain is located more distal to the working electrode than the enzyme domain, and wherein the cell impermeable domain comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility. 7. The electrochemical sensor of claim 6, wherein the cell impermeable domain comprises a polymer material selected from the group consisting of silicone, fluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon. 8. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, further comprising a cell disruptive domain that comprises a substantially porous structure, wherein the cell disruptive domain is located more distal to the working electrode than the enzyme domain, and wherein the cell disruptive domain comprises a polymer material with high oxygen solubility. 9. The electrochemical sensor of claim 8, wherein the cell impermeable domain comprises a polymer material selected from the group consisting of silicone, fluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon. 10. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, further comprising an interference domain configured to limit or block interfering species, wherein the interference domain is located more proximal to the working electrode than the enzyme domain, and wherein the interference domain comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility. 11. The electrochemical sensor of claim 10, wherein the interference domain comprises a polymer material selected from the group consisting of silicone, fluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon. 12. The electrochemical sensor of claim 1, further comprising an electrolyte domain configured to provide hydrophilicity at the working electrode, wherein the electrolyte domain is located more proximal to the working electrode than the enzyme domain, and wherein the electrolyte domain comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility. 13. The electrochemical sensor of claim 12, wherein the electrolyte domain comprises a polymer material selected from the group consisting of silicone, fluorocarbon, and perfluorocarbon. 14. An analyte sensing device configured for implantation into a tissue of a host, the device comprising:
an oxygen-utilizing source; a membrane system configured to provide at least one function selected from the group consisting of:
protection of the device from a biological environment;
diffusion resistance of an analyte;
a catalyst for enabling an enzymatic reaction; and
limitation of interfering species;
wherein the membrane system comprises a polymer material with a high oxygen solubility, wherein the membrane system is adjacent to the oxygen-utilizing source. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the oxygen-utilizing source comprises an enzyme. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the membrane system comprises the polymer material with the high oxygen solubility, wherein the polymer material is substantially continuously situated between the enzyme and the tissue. 17. The device of claim 14, wherein the oxygen-utilizing source comprises an electroactive surface. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein the membrane system comprises the polymer material with the high oxygen solubility, wherein the polymer material is substantially continuously situated between the electroactive surface and the tissue. 19. The device of claim 14, wherein the oxygen-utilizing source comprises cells. 20. The device of claim 19, wherein the membrane system comprises the polymer material with the high oxygen solubility, wherein the polymer material is substantially continuously situated between the cells and the tissue. | 3,600 |
339,795 | 16,800,724 | 3,618 | Provided are a mobile terminal having a display, and particularly, to a mobile terminal capable of transmitting and receiving data to and from a vehicle and a system including the same. The mobile terminal includes a communication unit communicating with a vehicle having a vehicle display, and a controller receiving driving information from the vehicle using the communication unit, wherein the controller executes a certain function in response to occurrence of an event, selects any one execution screen, among a plurality of execution screens corresponding to the executed function, on the basis of the driving information, and transmits the any one execution screen to the vehicle through the communication unit so that the any one execution screen is output on the vehicle display. | 1. A mobile terminal comprising:
a communication unit capable of communicating with a vehicle system that includes a vehicle display; and a controller configured to: receive, from the vehicle system via the communication unit, driving information that describes status of a vehicle or a surrounding environment of the vehicle; select any one screen, among a plurality of screens with respect to an application executed in the mobile terminal, on the basis of the driving information, different screens are selected according to the driving information when user input information is received; and provide, to the vehicle system through the communication unit, the selected screen for displaying on the vehicle display, wherein a first screen of the application is selected when the vehicle operates in a manual driving state and a second screen of the application is selected when the vehicle operates in an autonomous driving state, and wherein when a driving state of the vehicle is scheduled to be switched between the autonomous driving state and the manual driving state, the controller is configured to output the time left for a switching or the distance that the vehicle will move during the time left. 2. The mobile terminal of claim 1,
wherein the second screen includes vehicle information related to at least one of a driving speed and a driving direction, and wherein the first screen does not include the vehicle information. 3. The mobile terminal of claim 1,
wherein the autonomous driving state indicates a state that the one or more computers of the vehicle system are configured to control acceleration of the vehicle or moving direction of the vehicle. 4. The mobile terminal of claim 1,
wherein the driving information includes current speed of the vehicle, a driving direction of the vehicle, a possibility of collision against an object, characteristics of a road on which the vehicle operates, location information of the vehicle, one or more images of a surrounding environment of the vehicle, navigation information of the vehicle, driver information, passenger information, or driving state information. 5. The mobile terminal of claim 1, further comprising:
a touch screen including a touch sensor and a display, wherein the controller is configured to: control the touch screen to output a preset image when the display of the touch screen is turned on while the vehicle operates in the manual driving state, and control the touch screen to output a third screen of the event, instead of the preset image, when the manual driving state is switched to the autonomous driving state. 6. The mobile terminal of claim 5,
when the driving state of the vehicle is scheduled to be switched from the autonomous driving state to the manual driving state, the controller is configured to control the touch screen to output the time left for the switching or the distance for the switching. 7. The mobile terminal of claim 5,
wherein the controller is configured to control the touch screen to output a graphic object associated with a control function of the vehicle system when the vehicle is in the autonomous driving state. 8. The mobile terminal of claim 1,
wherein the controller is configured to: transmit a signal to the vehicle system through the communication unit for changing the driving state of the vehicle when a user input is applied to the mobile terminal while the vehicle operates in the manual driving state such that the manual driving state is switched to the autonomous driving state. 9. The mobile terminal of claim 8,
when the manual driving state is not allowed to be switched to the autonomous driving state, the controller is further configured to control the touch screen to output guide information that shows when the autonomous driving state is allowable. 10. A mobile terminal comprising:
a display; a communication unit capable of communicating with a vehicle system; and a controller configured to: receive, from the vehicle system via the communication unit, driving information that describes status of a vehicle or a surrounding environment of the vehicle; in response to occurrence of an event that the display is turned on, select any one screen, among a plurality of screens with respect to the event, on the basis of the driving information, different screens are selected according to the driving information when the event is occurred; and control the display to display the selected screen, wherein a first screen of the event is selected when the vehicle operates in a manual driving state and a second screen of event is selected when the vehicle operates in an autonomous driving state, 11. The mobile terminal of claim 10,
wherein the second screen further includes at least one of the time left for the switching and the distance for the switching. 12. The mobile terminal of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to:
in response to a user input received while the first screen is being displayed, transmit, via the communication unit to the vehicle system, a driving mode change command such that the manual driving state is switched to the autonomous driving state. 13. The mobile terminal of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to:
provide guide information that guides when the autonomous driving state is allowable when the user input is received but the autonomous driving state is not allowable. 14. The mobile terminal of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to:
turn off the display when the display is turned on while the vehicle system operates in the manual driving state. 15. The mobile terminal of claim 10, wherein the second screen includes a graphic object associated with a control function of the vehicle system, and
wherein the controller is further configured to transmit, via the communication unit to the vehicle system, a control command for performing the control function of the vehicle system in response to a touch input applied to the graphic object. 16. The mobile terminal of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to:
transmit a signal to the vehicle system through the communication unit for changing a driving state of the vehicle when a user input is applied to the mobile terminal while the vehicle operates in the manual driving state such that the manual driving state is switched to the autonomous driving state. 17. The mobile terminal of claim 16,
when the manual driving state is not allowed to be switched to the autonomous driving state, the controller is further configured to control the display to output guide information that shows when the autonomous driving state is allowable. | Provided are a mobile terminal having a display, and particularly, to a mobile terminal capable of transmitting and receiving data to and from a vehicle and a system including the same. The mobile terminal includes a communication unit communicating with a vehicle having a vehicle display, and a controller receiving driving information from the vehicle using the communication unit, wherein the controller executes a certain function in response to occurrence of an event, selects any one execution screen, among a plurality of execution screens corresponding to the executed function, on the basis of the driving information, and transmits the any one execution screen to the vehicle through the communication unit so that the any one execution screen is output on the vehicle display.1. A mobile terminal comprising:
a communication unit capable of communicating with a vehicle system that includes a vehicle display; and a controller configured to: receive, from the vehicle system via the communication unit, driving information that describes status of a vehicle or a surrounding environment of the vehicle; select any one screen, among a plurality of screens with respect to an application executed in the mobile terminal, on the basis of the driving information, different screens are selected according to the driving information when user input information is received; and provide, to the vehicle system through the communication unit, the selected screen for displaying on the vehicle display, wherein a first screen of the application is selected when the vehicle operates in a manual driving state and a second screen of the application is selected when the vehicle operates in an autonomous driving state, and wherein when a driving state of the vehicle is scheduled to be switched between the autonomous driving state and the manual driving state, the controller is configured to output the time left for a switching or the distance that the vehicle will move during the time left. 2. The mobile terminal of claim 1,
wherein the second screen includes vehicle information related to at least one of a driving speed and a driving direction, and wherein the first screen does not include the vehicle information. 3. The mobile terminal of claim 1,
wherein the autonomous driving state indicates a state that the one or more computers of the vehicle system are configured to control acceleration of the vehicle or moving direction of the vehicle. 4. The mobile terminal of claim 1,
wherein the driving information includes current speed of the vehicle, a driving direction of the vehicle, a possibility of collision against an object, characteristics of a road on which the vehicle operates, location information of the vehicle, one or more images of a surrounding environment of the vehicle, navigation information of the vehicle, driver information, passenger information, or driving state information. 5. The mobile terminal of claim 1, further comprising:
a touch screen including a touch sensor and a display, wherein the controller is configured to: control the touch screen to output a preset image when the display of the touch screen is turned on while the vehicle operates in the manual driving state, and control the touch screen to output a third screen of the event, instead of the preset image, when the manual driving state is switched to the autonomous driving state. 6. The mobile terminal of claim 5,
when the driving state of the vehicle is scheduled to be switched from the autonomous driving state to the manual driving state, the controller is configured to control the touch screen to output the time left for the switching or the distance for the switching. 7. The mobile terminal of claim 5,
wherein the controller is configured to control the touch screen to output a graphic object associated with a control function of the vehicle system when the vehicle is in the autonomous driving state. 8. The mobile terminal of claim 1,
wherein the controller is configured to: transmit a signal to the vehicle system through the communication unit for changing the driving state of the vehicle when a user input is applied to the mobile terminal while the vehicle operates in the manual driving state such that the manual driving state is switched to the autonomous driving state. 9. The mobile terminal of claim 8,
when the manual driving state is not allowed to be switched to the autonomous driving state, the controller is further configured to control the touch screen to output guide information that shows when the autonomous driving state is allowable. 10. A mobile terminal comprising:
a display; a communication unit capable of communicating with a vehicle system; and a controller configured to: receive, from the vehicle system via the communication unit, driving information that describes status of a vehicle or a surrounding environment of the vehicle; in response to occurrence of an event that the display is turned on, select any one screen, among a plurality of screens with respect to the event, on the basis of the driving information, different screens are selected according to the driving information when the event is occurred; and control the display to display the selected screen, wherein a first screen of the event is selected when the vehicle operates in a manual driving state and a second screen of event is selected when the vehicle operates in an autonomous driving state, 11. The mobile terminal of claim 10,
wherein the second screen further includes at least one of the time left for the switching and the distance for the switching. 12. The mobile terminal of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to:
in response to a user input received while the first screen is being displayed, transmit, via the communication unit to the vehicle system, a driving mode change command such that the manual driving state is switched to the autonomous driving state. 13. The mobile terminal of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to:
provide guide information that guides when the autonomous driving state is allowable when the user input is received but the autonomous driving state is not allowable. 14. The mobile terminal of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to:
turn off the display when the display is turned on while the vehicle system operates in the manual driving state. 15. The mobile terminal of claim 10, wherein the second screen includes a graphic object associated with a control function of the vehicle system, and
wherein the controller is further configured to transmit, via the communication unit to the vehicle system, a control command for performing the control function of the vehicle system in response to a touch input applied to the graphic object. 16. The mobile terminal of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to:
transmit a signal to the vehicle system through the communication unit for changing a driving state of the vehicle when a user input is applied to the mobile terminal while the vehicle operates in the manual driving state such that the manual driving state is switched to the autonomous driving state. 17. The mobile terminal of claim 16,
when the manual driving state is not allowed to be switched to the autonomous driving state, the controller is further configured to control the display to output guide information that shows when the autonomous driving state is allowable. | 3,600 |
339,796 | 16,800,748 | 2,495 | Systems and methods for implementing a Device Identifier Composition Engine (DICE)-based trusted computing base architecture, among various hardware, firmware, and software layers, are described. In an example, attestation and security operations may be supported in a multi-layered approach, by operations to: obtain a component identifier from a particular layer of at least one operational layer in a computing system; obtain a first compound device identifier, produced as an attestation value at a lower layer; and process, with a function, the component identifier from the particular layer and the first compound device identifier from the lower layer, to produce a second compound device identifier. In various examples, the second compound device identifier indicates attestation of at least one layer located at or below the particular layer. | 1. A computing device, comprising:
trusted hardware circuitry, configured to implement a hardware layer; and processing circuitry, configured to securely implement at least one operational layer, based on attestation of the hardware layer, the processing circuitry configured to perform operations to:
obtain a component identifier from a particular layer of the at least one operational layer;
obtain a first compound device identifier, produced as an attestation value at a layer lower than the particular layer; and
process, with a function, the component identifier from the particular layer and the first compound device identifier from the layer lower than the particular layer, to produce a second compound device identifier;
wherein the second compound device identifier indicates attestation of at least one layer, implemented with the processing circuitry, located at or below the particular layer. 2. The computing device of claim 1, the processing circuitry further configured to perform operations to:
provide the second compound device identifier to a higher layer of the at least one operational layer, located above the particular layer, for attestation of layers including the particular layer, the layer lower than the particular layer, and the hardware layer. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the hardware layer includes components that are structured according to a Device Identifier Composition Engine (DICE) architecture. 4. The computing device of claim 3, wherein the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer is provided from the hardware layer, wherein the first compound device identifier is generated based on a unique device secret used to seed a one-way function at the hardware layer. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the hardware circuitry provides hardware for secure execution of a trusted execution environment from the hardware layer, and wherein the processing circuitry is configured to execute instructions to provide the trusted execution environment using the particular layer. 6. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one operational layer includes respective layers for implementation of firmware instructions and software instructions with the processing circuitry. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the component identifier of the particular layer is a trusted computing base component identifier, and wherein the component identifier is unique to a trusted computing base component in the particular layer. 8. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the second compound device identifier of the particular layer is a compound device identifier based on: (i) a compound identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer, and (ii) a component identifier unique to the particular layer. 9. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the function is a cryptographic pseudo-random function, wherein the function accepts the component identifier from the particular layer as a seed value, and the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer as a data value. 10. At least one machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereupon, which when executed by processing circuitry of a computing system, cause the processing circuitry to perform operations comprising:
obtaining a component identifier from a particular layer of at least one operational layer of the computing system; obtaining a first compound device identifier, produced as an attestation value at a layer lower than the particular layer; and processing, with a function, the component identifier from the particular layer and the first compound device identifier from the layer lower than the particular layer, to produce a second compound device identifier; wherein the second compound device identifier indicates attestation of at least one layer, implemented with the processing circuitry, located at or below the particular layer. 11. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 10, the operations further comprising:
providing the second compound device identifier to a higher layer of the at least one operational layer, located above the particular layer, for attestation of layers including the particular layer and the layer lower than the particular layer. 12. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the at least one operational layer is implemented based on attestation of a hardware layer of the computing system, and wherein the hardware layer includes components that are structured according to a Device Identifier Composition Engine (DICE) architecture. 13. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer is provided from the hardware layer, wherein the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer is generated based on a unique device secret used to seed a one-way function at the hardware layer. 14. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the hardware layer provides secure execution of a trusted execution environment, and wherein the processing circuitry is configured to execute instructions to provide the trusted execution environment using the particular layer. 15. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the at least one operational layer includes respective layers for implementation of firmware instructions and software instructions with the processing circuitry. 16. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the component identifier of the particular layer is a trusted computing base component identifier, and wherein the component identifier is unique to a trusted computing base component in the particular layer. 17. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the function is a cryptographic pseudo-random function, wherein the function accepts the component identifier from the particular layer as a seed value, and the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer as a data value. 18. A method for establishing attestation among multiple operational layers of a computing device, comprising operations performed by processing circuitry of the computing device, the operations comprising:
obtaining a component identifier from a particular layer of at least one operational layer of the computing device; obtaining a first compound device identifier, produced as an attestation value at a layer lower than the particular layer; and processing, with a function, the component identifier from the particular layer and the first compound device identifier from the layer lower than the particular layer, to produce a second compound device identifier; wherein the second compound device identifier indicates attestation of at least one layer, implemented with the processing circuitry, located at or below the particular layer. 19. The method of claim 18, the operations further comprising:
providing the second compound device identifier to a higher layer of the at least one operational layer, located above the particular layer, for attestation of layers including the particular layer and the layer lower than the particular layer. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one operational layer is implemented based on attestation of a hardware layer of the computing device, and wherein the hardware layer includes components that are structured according to a Device Identifier Composition Engine (DICE) architecture. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer is provided from the hardware layer, wherein the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer is generated based on a unique device secret used to seed a one-way function at the hardware layer. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the hardware layer provides secure execution of a trusted execution environment, and wherein the processing circuitry is configured to execute instructions to provide the trusted execution environment using the particular layer. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one operational layer includes respective layers for implementation of firmware instructions and software instructions with the processing circuitry. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the component identifier of the particular layer is a trusted computing base component identifier, and wherein the component identifier is unique to a trusted computing base component in the particular layer. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the function is a cryptographic pseudo-random function, wherein the function accepts the component identifier from the particular layer as a seed value, and the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer as a data value. | Systems and methods for implementing a Device Identifier Composition Engine (DICE)-based trusted computing base architecture, among various hardware, firmware, and software layers, are described. In an example, attestation and security operations may be supported in a multi-layered approach, by operations to: obtain a component identifier from a particular layer of at least one operational layer in a computing system; obtain a first compound device identifier, produced as an attestation value at a lower layer; and process, with a function, the component identifier from the particular layer and the first compound device identifier from the lower layer, to produce a second compound device identifier. In various examples, the second compound device identifier indicates attestation of at least one layer located at or below the particular layer.1. A computing device, comprising:
trusted hardware circuitry, configured to implement a hardware layer; and processing circuitry, configured to securely implement at least one operational layer, based on attestation of the hardware layer, the processing circuitry configured to perform operations to:
obtain a component identifier from a particular layer of the at least one operational layer;
obtain a first compound device identifier, produced as an attestation value at a layer lower than the particular layer; and
process, with a function, the component identifier from the particular layer and the first compound device identifier from the layer lower than the particular layer, to produce a second compound device identifier;
wherein the second compound device identifier indicates attestation of at least one layer, implemented with the processing circuitry, located at or below the particular layer. 2. The computing device of claim 1, the processing circuitry further configured to perform operations to:
provide the second compound device identifier to a higher layer of the at least one operational layer, located above the particular layer, for attestation of layers including the particular layer, the layer lower than the particular layer, and the hardware layer. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the hardware layer includes components that are structured according to a Device Identifier Composition Engine (DICE) architecture. 4. The computing device of claim 3, wherein the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer is provided from the hardware layer, wherein the first compound device identifier is generated based on a unique device secret used to seed a one-way function at the hardware layer. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the hardware circuitry provides hardware for secure execution of a trusted execution environment from the hardware layer, and wherein the processing circuitry is configured to execute instructions to provide the trusted execution environment using the particular layer. 6. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one operational layer includes respective layers for implementation of firmware instructions and software instructions with the processing circuitry. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the component identifier of the particular layer is a trusted computing base component identifier, and wherein the component identifier is unique to a trusted computing base component in the particular layer. 8. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the second compound device identifier of the particular layer is a compound device identifier based on: (i) a compound identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer, and (ii) a component identifier unique to the particular layer. 9. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the function is a cryptographic pseudo-random function, wherein the function accepts the component identifier from the particular layer as a seed value, and the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer as a data value. 10. At least one machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereupon, which when executed by processing circuitry of a computing system, cause the processing circuitry to perform operations comprising:
obtaining a component identifier from a particular layer of at least one operational layer of the computing system; obtaining a first compound device identifier, produced as an attestation value at a layer lower than the particular layer; and processing, with a function, the component identifier from the particular layer and the first compound device identifier from the layer lower than the particular layer, to produce a second compound device identifier; wherein the second compound device identifier indicates attestation of at least one layer, implemented with the processing circuitry, located at or below the particular layer. 11. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 10, the operations further comprising:
providing the second compound device identifier to a higher layer of the at least one operational layer, located above the particular layer, for attestation of layers including the particular layer and the layer lower than the particular layer. 12. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the at least one operational layer is implemented based on attestation of a hardware layer of the computing system, and wherein the hardware layer includes components that are structured according to a Device Identifier Composition Engine (DICE) architecture. 13. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer is provided from the hardware layer, wherein the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer is generated based on a unique device secret used to seed a one-way function at the hardware layer. 14. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the hardware layer provides secure execution of a trusted execution environment, and wherein the processing circuitry is configured to execute instructions to provide the trusted execution environment using the particular layer. 15. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the at least one operational layer includes respective layers for implementation of firmware instructions and software instructions with the processing circuitry. 16. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the component identifier of the particular layer is a trusted computing base component identifier, and wherein the component identifier is unique to a trusted computing base component in the particular layer. 17. The at least one machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the function is a cryptographic pseudo-random function, wherein the function accepts the component identifier from the particular layer as a seed value, and the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer as a data value. 18. A method for establishing attestation among multiple operational layers of a computing device, comprising operations performed by processing circuitry of the computing device, the operations comprising:
obtaining a component identifier from a particular layer of at least one operational layer of the computing device; obtaining a first compound device identifier, produced as an attestation value at a layer lower than the particular layer; and processing, with a function, the component identifier from the particular layer and the first compound device identifier from the layer lower than the particular layer, to produce a second compound device identifier; wherein the second compound device identifier indicates attestation of at least one layer, implemented with the processing circuitry, located at or below the particular layer. 19. The method of claim 18, the operations further comprising:
providing the second compound device identifier to a higher layer of the at least one operational layer, located above the particular layer, for attestation of layers including the particular layer and the layer lower than the particular layer. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one operational layer is implemented based on attestation of a hardware layer of the computing device, and wherein the hardware layer includes components that are structured according to a Device Identifier Composition Engine (DICE) architecture. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer is provided from the hardware layer, wherein the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer is generated based on a unique device secret used to seed a one-way function at the hardware layer. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the hardware layer provides secure execution of a trusted execution environment, and wherein the processing circuitry is configured to execute instructions to provide the trusted execution environment using the particular layer. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one operational layer includes respective layers for implementation of firmware instructions and software instructions with the processing circuitry. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the component identifier of the particular layer is a trusted computing base component identifier, and wherein the component identifier is unique to a trusted computing base component in the particular layer. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the function is a cryptographic pseudo-random function, wherein the function accepts the component identifier from the particular layer as a seed value, and the first compound device identifier of the layer lower than the particular layer as a data value. | 2,400 |
339,797 | 16,800,771 | 3,662 | A flight control system and method of executing an emergency response for a rotary-wing aircraft includes at least some of a flight control computer in communication with flight control systems and emergency control systems. One or more sensors are used to monitor and detect flight conditions. A method, a computer program product, and a system for detecting a flight emergency and executing solutions for the emergency is described. Embodiments of the present invention describe a method comprising: receiving a sensor alert, executing an alert solution associated with the sensor alert, determining flight condition, determining flight condition is a crash condition, and regulating performance of a main rotor engine and a tail rotor engine. | 1. A computer-implemented method on a rotary-wing aircraft comprising:
receiving a sensor alert; responsive to receiving the sensor alert, executing an alert solution associated with the sensor alert; responsive to executing the alert solution, determining a flight condition; determining if the flight condition is a crash condition; and responsive to determining the flight condition is a crash condition, initiating an emergency response. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the emergency program overrides the flight control system. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the emergency response regulates the performance of at least one engine. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the emergency response regulates the performance of a main rotor and a tail rotor of the rotary-wing aircraft. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the emergency response shuts off the power to at least one of the main rotor engine and the tail rotor engine. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the emergency response decreases the speed of rotation of at least one of the main rotor engine and the tail rotor engine. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the emergency response increases the speed of rotation of at least one of the main rotor engine and the tail rotor engine. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the emergency response initiates an autorotation maneuver. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting a text communication periodically to a ground control device, wherein time between each text is a predetermined amount of time, and wherein the text communication comprises map coordinates and directional coordinates of the aircraft at the time of transmission. 10. A computer program product for a rotary-wing aircraft, comprising:
one or more computer readable storage media and program instructions stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions comprising:
program instructions to receive a sensor alert;
responsive to receiving the sensor alert, program instructions to execute an alert solution associated with the sensor alert;
responsive to executing the alert solution, program instructions to determine flight condition;
program instructions to determine flight condition is a crash condition; and
responsive to determining flight condition is a crash condition, program instructions to initiate an emergency response to regulate operation of at least one of a main rotor engine and a tail rotor engine. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the emergency response shuts off the power to at least one of the main rotor engine and the tail rotor engine. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the emergency response decreases the speed of rotation of at least one of the main rotor engine and the tail rotor engine. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the emergency response increases the speed of rotation of at least one of the main rotor engine and the tail rotor engine. 14. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the emergency response initiates an autorotation maneuver. 15. The computer program product of claim 10, further comprising:
program instructions to determine sensor alert is resolved, and program instructions to terminate the alert solution associated with the sensor alert. 16. The computer program product of claim 10, further comprising:
program instructions to transmit a text communication periodically to a ground control device, wherein time between each text is a predetermined amount of time, and wherein the text communication comprises map coordinates and directional coordinates of the aircraft at the time of transmission. 17. A computer system for a rotary-wing aircraft, comprising:
one or more computer processors; one or more computer readable storage media; and program instructions stored on the one or more computer readable storage media for execution by at least one of the one or more processors, the program instructions comprising:
program instructions to receive a sensor alert;
responsive to receiving the sensor alert, program instructions to execute an alert solution associated with the sensor alert;
responsive to executing the alert solution, program instructions to determine flight condition;
program instructions to determine flight condition is a crash condition; and
responsive to determining flight condition is a crash condition, program instructions to turning off the power to at least one of a main rotor engine and a tail rotor engine. 18. The computer system of claim 17, further comprising:
program instructions to transmit a text communication periodically to a ground control device, wherein time between each text is a predetermined amount of time, and wherein the text communication comprises map coordinates and directional coordinates of the aircraft at the time of transmission. | A flight control system and method of executing an emergency response for a rotary-wing aircraft includes at least some of a flight control computer in communication with flight control systems and emergency control systems. One or more sensors are used to monitor and detect flight conditions. A method, a computer program product, and a system for detecting a flight emergency and executing solutions for the emergency is described. Embodiments of the present invention describe a method comprising: receiving a sensor alert, executing an alert solution associated with the sensor alert, determining flight condition, determining flight condition is a crash condition, and regulating performance of a main rotor engine and a tail rotor engine.1. A computer-implemented method on a rotary-wing aircraft comprising:
receiving a sensor alert; responsive to receiving the sensor alert, executing an alert solution associated with the sensor alert; responsive to executing the alert solution, determining a flight condition; determining if the flight condition is a crash condition; and responsive to determining the flight condition is a crash condition, initiating an emergency response. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the emergency program overrides the flight control system. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the emergency response regulates the performance of at least one engine. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the emergency response regulates the performance of a main rotor and a tail rotor of the rotary-wing aircraft. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the emergency response shuts off the power to at least one of the main rotor engine and the tail rotor engine. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the emergency response decreases the speed of rotation of at least one of the main rotor engine and the tail rotor engine. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the emergency response increases the speed of rotation of at least one of the main rotor engine and the tail rotor engine. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the emergency response initiates an autorotation maneuver. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting a text communication periodically to a ground control device, wherein time between each text is a predetermined amount of time, and wherein the text communication comprises map coordinates and directional coordinates of the aircraft at the time of transmission. 10. A computer program product for a rotary-wing aircraft, comprising:
one or more computer readable storage media and program instructions stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions comprising:
program instructions to receive a sensor alert;
responsive to receiving the sensor alert, program instructions to execute an alert solution associated with the sensor alert;
responsive to executing the alert solution, program instructions to determine flight condition;
program instructions to determine flight condition is a crash condition; and
responsive to determining flight condition is a crash condition, program instructions to initiate an emergency response to regulate operation of at least one of a main rotor engine and a tail rotor engine. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the emergency response shuts off the power to at least one of the main rotor engine and the tail rotor engine. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the emergency response decreases the speed of rotation of at least one of the main rotor engine and the tail rotor engine. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the emergency response increases the speed of rotation of at least one of the main rotor engine and the tail rotor engine. 14. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the emergency response initiates an autorotation maneuver. 15. The computer program product of claim 10, further comprising:
program instructions to determine sensor alert is resolved, and program instructions to terminate the alert solution associated with the sensor alert. 16. The computer program product of claim 10, further comprising:
program instructions to transmit a text communication periodically to a ground control device, wherein time between each text is a predetermined amount of time, and wherein the text communication comprises map coordinates and directional coordinates of the aircraft at the time of transmission. 17. A computer system for a rotary-wing aircraft, comprising:
one or more computer processors; one or more computer readable storage media; and program instructions stored on the one or more computer readable storage media for execution by at least one of the one or more processors, the program instructions comprising:
program instructions to receive a sensor alert;
responsive to receiving the sensor alert, program instructions to execute an alert solution associated with the sensor alert;
responsive to executing the alert solution, program instructions to determine flight condition;
program instructions to determine flight condition is a crash condition; and
responsive to determining flight condition is a crash condition, program instructions to turning off the power to at least one of a main rotor engine and a tail rotor engine. 18. The computer system of claim 17, further comprising:
program instructions to transmit a text communication periodically to a ground control device, wherein time between each text is a predetermined amount of time, and wherein the text communication comprises map coordinates and directional coordinates of the aircraft at the time of transmission. | 3,600 |
339,798 | 16,800,747 | 3,662 | One embodiment provides a method, including: detecting, using one or more sensors of an information handling device, at least two biometric inputs provided by a user during an authentication process; authenticating the user responsive to determining that at least one biometric input of the at least two biometric inputs shares a threshold level of similarity with stored biometric information; determining, using a processor, that another biometric input of the at least two biometric inputs does not share the threshold level of similarity with the stored biometric information; and updating the stored biometric information with retained characteristics of the another biometric input. Other aspects are described and claimed. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, on an information handling device, an indication to initiate an authentication process; providing, during the authentication process, an authentication query to a user of the information handling device; detecting, from the user, a head-based action in response to the authentication query; determining, using a processor, whether the head-based action matches a stored head-based action for the authentication query; and authenticating the user responsive to determining that the head-based action matches the stored head-based action for the authentication query; wherein the information handling device is a head-mounted display device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the authentication query is an image selection query that demands selection of at least one image, from a plurality of images, that is associated with the user; the head-based action is a gaze selection action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze selection of the at least one image associated with the user. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the authentication query is a password query that demands receipt of a gaze-traced password; the head-based action is a gaze trace action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze trace of the gaze-traced password. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the gaze-traced password corresponds to at least one of: a predetermined shape and a predetermined dot-grid path. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the authentication query is a point selection query that demands selection of at least one point on an object present in one of: an image and a video; the head-based action is a gaze selection action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze selection of the at least one point on the object. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the point selection query demands selection of the at least one point on the object within a predetermined period of time. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the authentication query is a blink-based combination query that demands performance of a predetermined pattern of blinks; the head-based action is a blink action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to performance of the predetermined pattern of links. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the authentication query corresponds to provision of a media file; the head-based action is an emotional action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to a predicted emotional action based on the media file. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the authentication query is a difference spotting query that demands identification of at least one difference between a current image and a previous image; the head-based action is a gaze selection action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze selection on the at least one difference. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one difference is a difference selected from the group consisting of a color difference, a positional difference, and a size difference. 11. An information handling device, comprising:
at least one sensor; a processor; a memory device that stores instructions executable by the processor to: receive an indication to initiate an authentication process; provide, during the authentication process, an authentication query to a user of the information handling device; detect, from the user, a head-based action in response to the authentication query; determine whether the head-based action matches a stored head-based action for the authentication query; and authenticate the user responsive to determining that the head-based action matches the stored head-based action for the authentication query; wherein the information handling device is a head-mounted display device. 12. The information handling device of claim 11, wherein:
the authentication query is an image selection query that demands selection of at least one image, from a plurality of images, that is associated with the user; the head-based action is a gaze selection action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze selection of the at least one image associated with the user. 13. The information handling device of claim 11, wherein:
the authentication query is a password query that demands receipt of a gaze-traced password; the head-based action is a gaze trace action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze trace of the gaze-traced password. 14. The information handling device of claim 13, wherein the gaze-traced password corresponds to at least one of: a predetermined shape and a predetermined dot-grid path. 15. The information handling device of claim 11, wherein:
the authentication query is a point selection query that demands selection of at least one point on an object present in one of: an image and a video; the head-based action is a gaze selection action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze selection of the at least one point on the object. 16. The information handling device of claim 15, wherein the point selection query demands selection of the at least one point on the object within a predetermined period of time. 17. The information handling device of claim 11, wherein:
the authentication query is a blink-based combination query that demands performance of a predetermined pattern of blinks; the head-based action is a blink action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to performance of the predetermined pattern of links. 18. The information handling device of claim 11, wherein:
the authentication query corresponds to provision of a media file; the head-based action is an emotional action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to a predicted emotional action based on the media file. 19. The information handling device of claim 11, wherein:
the authentication query is a difference spotting query that demands identification of at least one difference between a current image and a previous image; the head-based action is a gaze selection action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze selection on the at least one difference. 20. A product, comprising:
a storage device that stores code, the code being executable by a processor and comprising: code that receives an indication to initiate an authentication process; code that provides, during the authentication process, an authentication query to a user; code that detects, from the user, a head-based action in response to the authentication query; code that determines whether the head-based action matches a stored head-based action for the authentication query; and code that authenticates the user responsive to determining that the head-based action matches the stored head-based action for the authentication query. | One embodiment provides a method, including: detecting, using one or more sensors of an information handling device, at least two biometric inputs provided by a user during an authentication process; authenticating the user responsive to determining that at least one biometric input of the at least two biometric inputs shares a threshold level of similarity with stored biometric information; determining, using a processor, that another biometric input of the at least two biometric inputs does not share the threshold level of similarity with the stored biometric information; and updating the stored biometric information with retained characteristics of the another biometric input. Other aspects are described and claimed.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, on an information handling device, an indication to initiate an authentication process; providing, during the authentication process, an authentication query to a user of the information handling device; detecting, from the user, a head-based action in response to the authentication query; determining, using a processor, whether the head-based action matches a stored head-based action for the authentication query; and authenticating the user responsive to determining that the head-based action matches the stored head-based action for the authentication query; wherein the information handling device is a head-mounted display device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the authentication query is an image selection query that demands selection of at least one image, from a plurality of images, that is associated with the user; the head-based action is a gaze selection action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze selection of the at least one image associated with the user. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the authentication query is a password query that demands receipt of a gaze-traced password; the head-based action is a gaze trace action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze trace of the gaze-traced password. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the gaze-traced password corresponds to at least one of: a predetermined shape and a predetermined dot-grid path. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the authentication query is a point selection query that demands selection of at least one point on an object present in one of: an image and a video; the head-based action is a gaze selection action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze selection of the at least one point on the object. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the point selection query demands selection of the at least one point on the object within a predetermined period of time. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the authentication query is a blink-based combination query that demands performance of a predetermined pattern of blinks; the head-based action is a blink action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to performance of the predetermined pattern of links. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the authentication query corresponds to provision of a media file; the head-based action is an emotional action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to a predicted emotional action based on the media file. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the authentication query is a difference spotting query that demands identification of at least one difference between a current image and a previous image; the head-based action is a gaze selection action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze selection on the at least one difference. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one difference is a difference selected from the group consisting of a color difference, a positional difference, and a size difference. 11. An information handling device, comprising:
at least one sensor; a processor; a memory device that stores instructions executable by the processor to: receive an indication to initiate an authentication process; provide, during the authentication process, an authentication query to a user of the information handling device; detect, from the user, a head-based action in response to the authentication query; determine whether the head-based action matches a stored head-based action for the authentication query; and authenticate the user responsive to determining that the head-based action matches the stored head-based action for the authentication query; wherein the information handling device is a head-mounted display device. 12. The information handling device of claim 11, wherein:
the authentication query is an image selection query that demands selection of at least one image, from a plurality of images, that is associated with the user; the head-based action is a gaze selection action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze selection of the at least one image associated with the user. 13. The information handling device of claim 11, wherein:
the authentication query is a password query that demands receipt of a gaze-traced password; the head-based action is a gaze trace action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze trace of the gaze-traced password. 14. The information handling device of claim 13, wherein the gaze-traced password corresponds to at least one of: a predetermined shape and a predetermined dot-grid path. 15. The information handling device of claim 11, wherein:
the authentication query is a point selection query that demands selection of at least one point on an object present in one of: an image and a video; the head-based action is a gaze selection action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze selection of the at least one point on the object. 16. The information handling device of claim 15, wherein the point selection query demands selection of the at least one point on the object within a predetermined period of time. 17. The information handling device of claim 11, wherein:
the authentication query is a blink-based combination query that demands performance of a predetermined pattern of blinks; the head-based action is a blink action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to performance of the predetermined pattern of links. 18. The information handling device of claim 11, wherein:
the authentication query corresponds to provision of a media file; the head-based action is an emotional action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to a predicted emotional action based on the media file. 19. The information handling device of claim 11, wherein:
the authentication query is a difference spotting query that demands identification of at least one difference between a current image and a previous image; the head-based action is a gaze selection action; and the stored head-based action corresponds to gaze selection on the at least one difference. 20. A product, comprising:
a storage device that stores code, the code being executable by a processor and comprising: code that receives an indication to initiate an authentication process; code that provides, during the authentication process, an authentication query to a user; code that detects, from the user, a head-based action in response to the authentication query; code that determines whether the head-based action matches a stored head-based action for the authentication query; and code that authenticates the user responsive to determining that the head-based action matches the stored head-based action for the authentication query. | 3,600 |
339,799 | 16,800,745 | 1,699 | Disclosed are methods for increasing infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes in any target area for the purposes of insect control, said method comprising: | 1. A method for increasing infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes in any target area for the purposes of insect control, said method comprising:
(a) mixing an aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition with (i) entomopathogenic nematodes to activate said entomopathogenic nematodes for increased infectivity prior to application of said entomopathogenic nematodes to said target area, or (ii) seeds to produce coated seeds, and (b) applying said entomopathogenic nematodes to said target area or planting said coated seeds in said target area; wherein said aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition is produced by a method comprising: (i) obtaining a nutrient depleted nematode growth medium selected from the group consisting of liquid broth, agar medium or other solid substrate, and insect host cadaver, depleted of nutrients by growing entomopathogenic nematodes; (ii) producing an alcohol-growth medium mixture by adding an alcohol to said growth medium to achieve a final concentration of between about 10% to about 90% of said alcohol in said growth medium; (iii) centrifuging said alcohol-growth medium mixture to remove solid or insoluble matter while maintaining a supernatant from said centrifuging; (iv) drying the supernatant from said centrifuging to produce a dry extract; (v) resuspending said dry extract in an aqueous medium to produce a water-soluble pheromone extract; and (vi) centrifuging said water-soluble pheromone extract to remove water-insoluble compounds while maintaining a water soluble supernatant to produce an aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition; and (vii) optionally drying said aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition to produce a dry nematode infectivity increasing composition and subsequently dissolving said dry nematode infectivity increasing composition in an aqueous medium to produce an aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol, and mixtures thereof. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said growth medium is selected from the group consisting of a growth medium in which non-pathogenic bacterivore nematodes or insect or entomopathogenic nematodes have been grown. 4. A method of producing a stable dry nematode infectivity increasing composition which comprises:
(i) obtaining a nutrient depleted nematode growth medium selected from the group consisting of liquid broth, agar medium or other solid substrate, and insect host cadaver, depleted of nutrients by growing entomopathogenic nematodes; (ii) producing an alcohol-growth medium mixture by adding an alcohol to said growth medium to achieve a final concentration of between about 10% to about 90% of said alcohol in said growth medium; (iii) centrifuging said alcohol-growth medium mixture to remove solid or insoluble matter while maintaining a supernatant from said centrifuging; (iv) drying the supernatant from said centrifuging to produce a dry extract; (v) resuspending said dry extract in an aqueous medium to produce a water-soluble pheromone extract; (vi) centrifuging said water-soluble pheromone extract to remove water-insoluble compounds while maintaining a water soluble supernatant; and (vii) drying said water-soluble supernatant to produce a stable dry nematode infectivity increasing composition. 5. A stable dry nematode infectivity increasing composition prepared by the method of claim 4. 6. A method of producing an aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition which comprises:
(i) obtaining a nutrient depleted nematode growth medium selected from the group consisting of liquid broth, agar medium or other solid substrate, and insect host cadaver, depleted of nutrients by growing entomopathogenic nematodes; (ii) producing an alcohol-growth medium mixture by adding an alcohol to said growth medium to achieve a final concentration of between about 10% to about 90% of said alcohol in said growth medium; (iii) centrifuging said alcohol-growth medium mixture to remove solid or insoluble matter while maintaining a supernatant from said centrifuging; (iv) drying the supernatant from said centrifuging to produce a dry extract; (v) resuspending said dry extract in an aqueous medium to produce a water-soluble pheromone extract; and (vi) centrifuging said water-soluble pheromone extract to remove water-insoluble compounds while maintaining a water soluble supernatant to produce an aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition; and (vii) optionally drying said aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition to produce a dry nematode infectivity increasing composition and subsequently dissolving said dry nematode infectivity increasing composition in an aqueous medium to produce an aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition. 7. An aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition prepared by the method of claim 6. | Disclosed are methods for increasing infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes in any target area for the purposes of insect control, said method comprising:1. A method for increasing infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes in any target area for the purposes of insect control, said method comprising:
(a) mixing an aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition with (i) entomopathogenic nematodes to activate said entomopathogenic nematodes for increased infectivity prior to application of said entomopathogenic nematodes to said target area, or (ii) seeds to produce coated seeds, and (b) applying said entomopathogenic nematodes to said target area or planting said coated seeds in said target area; wherein said aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition is produced by a method comprising: (i) obtaining a nutrient depleted nematode growth medium selected from the group consisting of liquid broth, agar medium or other solid substrate, and insect host cadaver, depleted of nutrients by growing entomopathogenic nematodes; (ii) producing an alcohol-growth medium mixture by adding an alcohol to said growth medium to achieve a final concentration of between about 10% to about 90% of said alcohol in said growth medium; (iii) centrifuging said alcohol-growth medium mixture to remove solid or insoluble matter while maintaining a supernatant from said centrifuging; (iv) drying the supernatant from said centrifuging to produce a dry extract; (v) resuspending said dry extract in an aqueous medium to produce a water-soluble pheromone extract; and (vi) centrifuging said water-soluble pheromone extract to remove water-insoluble compounds while maintaining a water soluble supernatant to produce an aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition; and (vii) optionally drying said aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition to produce a dry nematode infectivity increasing composition and subsequently dissolving said dry nematode infectivity increasing composition in an aqueous medium to produce an aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol, and mixtures thereof. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said growth medium is selected from the group consisting of a growth medium in which non-pathogenic bacterivore nematodes or insect or entomopathogenic nematodes have been grown. 4. A method of producing a stable dry nematode infectivity increasing composition which comprises:
(i) obtaining a nutrient depleted nematode growth medium selected from the group consisting of liquid broth, agar medium or other solid substrate, and insect host cadaver, depleted of nutrients by growing entomopathogenic nematodes; (ii) producing an alcohol-growth medium mixture by adding an alcohol to said growth medium to achieve a final concentration of between about 10% to about 90% of said alcohol in said growth medium; (iii) centrifuging said alcohol-growth medium mixture to remove solid or insoluble matter while maintaining a supernatant from said centrifuging; (iv) drying the supernatant from said centrifuging to produce a dry extract; (v) resuspending said dry extract in an aqueous medium to produce a water-soluble pheromone extract; (vi) centrifuging said water-soluble pheromone extract to remove water-insoluble compounds while maintaining a water soluble supernatant; and (vii) drying said water-soluble supernatant to produce a stable dry nematode infectivity increasing composition. 5. A stable dry nematode infectivity increasing composition prepared by the method of claim 4. 6. A method of producing an aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition which comprises:
(i) obtaining a nutrient depleted nematode growth medium selected from the group consisting of liquid broth, agar medium or other solid substrate, and insect host cadaver, depleted of nutrients by growing entomopathogenic nematodes; (ii) producing an alcohol-growth medium mixture by adding an alcohol to said growth medium to achieve a final concentration of between about 10% to about 90% of said alcohol in said growth medium; (iii) centrifuging said alcohol-growth medium mixture to remove solid or insoluble matter while maintaining a supernatant from said centrifuging; (iv) drying the supernatant from said centrifuging to produce a dry extract; (v) resuspending said dry extract in an aqueous medium to produce a water-soluble pheromone extract; and (vi) centrifuging said water-soluble pheromone extract to remove water-insoluble compounds while maintaining a water soluble supernatant to produce an aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition; and (vii) optionally drying said aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition to produce a dry nematode infectivity increasing composition and subsequently dissolving said dry nematode infectivity increasing composition in an aqueous medium to produce an aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition. 7. An aqueous nematode infectivity increasing composition prepared by the method of claim 6. | 1,600 |
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