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339,200 | 16,800,107 | 1,662 | An inbred corn line designated BSQ033 is disclosed. The invention relates to the plants and seeds of inbred corn line BSQ033 and methods for producing a corn plant by crossing inbred corn line BSQ033 with itself or with another corn plant. The invention also relates to methods for producing a corn plant containing in its genetic material one or more additional traits and to the corn plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to corn plants and plant parts derived from inbred corn line BSQ033 and to methods for producing other corn plants or plant parts derived from inbred corn line BSQ033, and to the corn plants and parts derived from those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid corn seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing inbred corn line BSQ033 or a locus conversion of BSQ033 with another corn line. | 1. A seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of inbred corn line BSQ033, wherein a representative sample of seed of said inbred corn line was deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-126747. 2. The plant part of claim 1, wherein the plant part is an ovule or pollen. 3. An F1 hybrid corn seed produced by crossing the plant or plant part of claim 1 with a different corn plant. 4. An F1 hybrid corn plant or plant part produced by growing the corn seed of claim 3, wherein the plant part comprises at least one cell of said F1 hybrid corn plant. 5. A method for producing a second corn plant, said method comprising applying plant breeding techniques to the F1 hybrid corn plant or plant part of claim 4 to produce the second corn plant. 6. A method for producing a second corn plant or plant part, said method comprising:
(a) crossing the corn plant or plant part of claim 4 with an inducer variety to produce haploid seed; and (b) doubling the haploid seed to produce the second corn plant or plant part. 7. A method of producing a corn plant derived from inbred corn line BSQ033, said method comprising:
(a) crossing the plant of claim 1 with itself or a second corn plant to produce progeny seed; (b) growing the progeny seed to produce a progeny plant and crossing the progeny plant with itself or a different plant to produce further progeny seed; and (c) repeating step (b) for at least one additional generation to produce a corn plant derived from inbred corn line BSQ033. 8. A method of producing a commodity plant product, comprising obtaining the plant or plant part of claim 4 and producing the commodity plant product from said plant or plant part, wherein said commodity plant product is selected from the group consisting of livestock feed, grain, silage, starch, fat, ethanol, biomass, oil, meal, flour, syrup, protein, sugar, grits, dextrose, germ, biofuel and refined chemicals. 9. A method for producing nucleic acids, said method comprising isolating nucleic acids from the seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 1. 10. A seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of inbred corn line BSQ033 further comprising a locus conversion, wherein representative seed of said line was deposited under ATCC accession number PTA-126747, and wherein said plant or a plant grown from said seed, plant part, or plant cell otherwise comprises all of the morphological and physiological characteristics of inbred corn line BSQ033 listed in Table 1 when grown under the same environmental conditions. 11. The seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 10, wherein the locus conversion comprises a transgene. 12. The seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 10, wherein the locus conversion confers a trait selected from the group consisting of male sterility, site-specific recombination, abiotic stress tolerance, altered phosphate, altered antioxidants, altered fatty acids, altered essential amino acids, altered carbohydrates, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, pest resistance and disease resistance. 13. A corn seed produced by crossing the plant or plant part of claim 10 with a different corn plant. 14. A hybrid corn plant or plant part produced by growing the seed of claim 13, wherein the plant part comprises at least one cell of the hybrid corn plant. 15. A method for producing a second corn plant, said method comprising applying plant breeding techniques to the plant or plant part of claim 14 to produce the second corn plant. 16. A method for producing a second corn plant or plant part, said method comprising:
(a) crossing the corn plant or plant part of claim 14 with an inducer variety to produce haploid seed; and (b) doubling the haploid seed to produce the second corn plant or plant part. 17. A method of producing a corn plant derived from inbred corn line BSQ033, said method comprising:
(a) crossing the plant of claim 10 with itself or a second corn plant to produce progeny seed; (b) growing the progeny seed to produce a progeny plant and crossing the progeny plant with itself or a different plant to produce further progeny seed; and (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) with sufficient inbreeding until a seed of an inbred corn plant derived from the inbred corn line BSQ033 is produced. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising crossing the inbred corn plant derived from the line BSQ033 with a corn plant of a different genotype to produce seed of a hybrid plant derived from the corn line BSQ033. 19. A method of producing a commodity plant product, comprising obtaining the plant or plant part of claim 14 and producing the commodity plant product from said plant or plant part, wherein said commodity plant product is selected from the group consisting of livestock feed, grain, silage, starch, fat, ethanol, biomass, oil, meal, flour, syrup, protein, sugar, grits, dextrose, germ, biofuel and refined chemicals. 20. A method for producing nucleic acids, said method comprising isolating nucleic acids from the seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 10. 21. A method for producing a genetically modified corn plant, wherein the method comprises mutation, transformation, gene conversion, genome editing, RNA interference or gene silencing of the plant of claim 1. 22. A genetically modified corn plant produced by the method of claim 21, wherein the plant comprises the genetic modification and otherwise comprises all of the morphological and physiological characteristics of inbred corn line BSQ033. | An inbred corn line designated BSQ033 is disclosed. The invention relates to the plants and seeds of inbred corn line BSQ033 and methods for producing a corn plant by crossing inbred corn line BSQ033 with itself or with another corn plant. The invention also relates to methods for producing a corn plant containing in its genetic material one or more additional traits and to the corn plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to corn plants and plant parts derived from inbred corn line BSQ033 and to methods for producing other corn plants or plant parts derived from inbred corn line BSQ033, and to the corn plants and parts derived from those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid corn seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing inbred corn line BSQ033 or a locus conversion of BSQ033 with another corn line.1. A seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of inbred corn line BSQ033, wherein a representative sample of seed of said inbred corn line was deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-126747. 2. The plant part of claim 1, wherein the plant part is an ovule or pollen. 3. An F1 hybrid corn seed produced by crossing the plant or plant part of claim 1 with a different corn plant. 4. An F1 hybrid corn plant or plant part produced by growing the corn seed of claim 3, wherein the plant part comprises at least one cell of said F1 hybrid corn plant. 5. A method for producing a second corn plant, said method comprising applying plant breeding techniques to the F1 hybrid corn plant or plant part of claim 4 to produce the second corn plant. 6. A method for producing a second corn plant or plant part, said method comprising:
(a) crossing the corn plant or plant part of claim 4 with an inducer variety to produce haploid seed; and (b) doubling the haploid seed to produce the second corn plant or plant part. 7. A method of producing a corn plant derived from inbred corn line BSQ033, said method comprising:
(a) crossing the plant of claim 1 with itself or a second corn plant to produce progeny seed; (b) growing the progeny seed to produce a progeny plant and crossing the progeny plant with itself or a different plant to produce further progeny seed; and (c) repeating step (b) for at least one additional generation to produce a corn plant derived from inbred corn line BSQ033. 8. A method of producing a commodity plant product, comprising obtaining the plant or plant part of claim 4 and producing the commodity plant product from said plant or plant part, wherein said commodity plant product is selected from the group consisting of livestock feed, grain, silage, starch, fat, ethanol, biomass, oil, meal, flour, syrup, protein, sugar, grits, dextrose, germ, biofuel and refined chemicals. 9. A method for producing nucleic acids, said method comprising isolating nucleic acids from the seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 1. 10. A seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of inbred corn line BSQ033 further comprising a locus conversion, wherein representative seed of said line was deposited under ATCC accession number PTA-126747, and wherein said plant or a plant grown from said seed, plant part, or plant cell otherwise comprises all of the morphological and physiological characteristics of inbred corn line BSQ033 listed in Table 1 when grown under the same environmental conditions. 11. The seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 10, wherein the locus conversion comprises a transgene. 12. The seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 10, wherein the locus conversion confers a trait selected from the group consisting of male sterility, site-specific recombination, abiotic stress tolerance, altered phosphate, altered antioxidants, altered fatty acids, altered essential amino acids, altered carbohydrates, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, pest resistance and disease resistance. 13. A corn seed produced by crossing the plant or plant part of claim 10 with a different corn plant. 14. A hybrid corn plant or plant part produced by growing the seed of claim 13, wherein the plant part comprises at least one cell of the hybrid corn plant. 15. A method for producing a second corn plant, said method comprising applying plant breeding techniques to the plant or plant part of claim 14 to produce the second corn plant. 16. A method for producing a second corn plant or plant part, said method comprising:
(a) crossing the corn plant or plant part of claim 14 with an inducer variety to produce haploid seed; and (b) doubling the haploid seed to produce the second corn plant or plant part. 17. A method of producing a corn plant derived from inbred corn line BSQ033, said method comprising:
(a) crossing the plant of claim 10 with itself or a second corn plant to produce progeny seed; (b) growing the progeny seed to produce a progeny plant and crossing the progeny plant with itself or a different plant to produce further progeny seed; and (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) with sufficient inbreeding until a seed of an inbred corn plant derived from the inbred corn line BSQ033 is produced. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising crossing the inbred corn plant derived from the line BSQ033 with a corn plant of a different genotype to produce seed of a hybrid plant derived from the corn line BSQ033. 19. A method of producing a commodity plant product, comprising obtaining the plant or plant part of claim 14 and producing the commodity plant product from said plant or plant part, wherein said commodity plant product is selected from the group consisting of livestock feed, grain, silage, starch, fat, ethanol, biomass, oil, meal, flour, syrup, protein, sugar, grits, dextrose, germ, biofuel and refined chemicals. 20. A method for producing nucleic acids, said method comprising isolating nucleic acids from the seed, plant, plant part, or plant cell of claim 10. 21. A method for producing a genetically modified corn plant, wherein the method comprises mutation, transformation, gene conversion, genome editing, RNA interference or gene silencing of the plant of claim 1. 22. A genetically modified corn plant produced by the method of claim 21, wherein the plant comprises the genetic modification and otherwise comprises all of the morphological and physiological characteristics of inbred corn line BSQ033. | 1,600 |
339,201 | 16,800,108 | 1,662 | A drive circuit for a liquid ejecting device, such as an inkjet print head or the like, includes a load detection circuit to generate load number information corresponding to the number of actuators to be concurrently driven for an intended liquid ejection. A signal processing circuit is configured to compare a common drive waveform to a target common drive waveform, and then generate a common drive signal to drive the actuators based on the load number information and the comparison of the common drive waveform and the target common drive waveform. A switching circuit is configured to selectively apply portions the generated common drive signal to an actuator according to intended output of the liquid ejection device. | 1. A drive circuit of a liquid ejecting device, comprising:
a load detection circuit configured to generate load number information corresponding to a number of actuators to be concurrently driven for liquid ejection; a signal processing circuit configured to:
compare a common drive waveform to a target common drive waveform, and
generate a common drive signal to drive the actuators based on the load number information and the comparison of the common drive waveform and the target common drive waveform; and
a switching circuit configured to selectively apply portions the generated common drive signal to an actuator according to output data for liquid ejection. 2. The drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing circuit includes a triangular wave generation circuit configured to change an amplitude of a triangular wave based on the load number information, and generates the common drive signal based on the triangular wave and the comparison result. 3. The drive circuit according to claim 2, wherein
the amplitude of the triangular wave is a first amplitude when the load number information indicates the number of actuators to be concurrently driven is a first number, and the amplitude of the triangular wave is a second amplitude, less than the first amplitude, when the load number information indicates the number of actuators to be concurrently driven is a second number greater than the first number. 4. The drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the signal processing circuit includes a switching element connected to an output terminal at which the common drive signal is output, and a gate driver circuit configured to control switching of the switching element, and the gate driver circuit is disabled when a difference between the common drive waveform and the target common drive waveform is less than a threshold value. 5. The drive circuit according to claim 4, wherein the gate driver circuit is activated when the difference is greater than the threshold value. 6. The drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing circuit includes:
a first switching element connected to an output terminal at which the common drive signal is output; a first switching element driver circuit configured to control switching of the first switching element; 7. The drive circuit according to claim 6, wherein the other one of the first or second gate driver circuits is disabled based on the load number information. 8. The drive circuit according to claim 6, wherein
the first switching element is connected to the output terminal through a first inductor, and the second switching element is connected to the output terminal through a second inductor having an inductance less than the first inductor. 9. The drive circuit according to claim 8, wherein
the first gate driver circuit is activated and the second gate driver circuit is disabled when the load number information indicates the number of actuators that are to be concurrently driven for liquid ejection is at least a first number, and the second gate driver circuit is activated and the first gate driver circuit is disabled when the load number information indicates the number of actuators that are to be concurrently driven for liquid ejection is a second number less than the first number. 10. The drive circuit according to claim 9, wherein a signal based on a first triangular wave having a first amplitude is input to the first gate driver circuit, and a signal based on a second triangular wave having a second amplitude greater than the first amplitude is input to the second gate driver circuit. 11. A liquid ejection device comprising:
a nozzle plate including a plurality of nozzles; a plurality of actuators corresponding to the plurality of nozzles; and a drive circuit configured to drive the plurality of actuators, the drive circuit comprising:
a load detection circuit configured to generate load number information corresponding to a number of actuators to be concurrently driven for liquid ejection;
a signal processing circuit configured to:
compare a common drive waveform to a target common drive waveform, and
generate a common drive signal to drive the actuators based on the load number information and the comparison of the common drive waveform and the target common drive waveform; and
a switching circuit configured to selectively apply portions the generated common drive signal to an actuator according to output data for liquid ejection. 12. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, wherein the signal processing circuit includes a triangular wave generation circuit configured to change an amplitude of a triangular wave based on the load number information, and generates the common drive signal based on the triangular wave and the comparison result. 13. The liquid ejection device according to claim 12, wherein
the amplitude of the triangular wave is a first amplitude when the load number information indicates the number of actuators to be concurrently driven is a first number, and the amplitude of the triangular wave is a second amplitude, less than the first amplitude, when the load number information indicates the number of actuators to be concurrently driven is a second number greater than the first number. 14. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, wherein
the signal processing circuit includes a switching element connected to an output terminal at which the common drive signal is output, and a gate driver circuit configured to control switching of the switching element, and the gate driver circuit is disabled when a difference between the common drive waveform and the target common drive waveform is less than a threshold value. 15. The liquid ejection device according to claim 14, wherein the gate driver circuit is activated when the difference is greater than the threshold value. 16. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, signal processing circuit includes:
a first switching element connected to an output terminal at which the common drive signal is output; a first switching element driver circuit configured to control switching of the first switching element; a second switching element connected to the output terminal; and a second gate driver circuit configured to control switching of the second switching element, wherein one of the first or second gate driver circuits is activated based on the load number information. 17. The liquid ejection device according to claim 16, wherein the other one of the first or second gate driver circuits is disabled based on the load number information. 18. The liquid ejection device according to claim 16, wherein
the first switching element is connected to the output terminal through a first inductor, and the second switching element is connected to the output terminal through a second inductor having an inductance less than the first inductor. 19. The liquid ejection device according to claim 18, wherein
the first gate driver circuit is activated and the second gate driver circuit is disabled when the load number information indicates the number of actuators that are to be concurrently driven for liquid ejection is at least a first number, and the second gate driver circuit is activated and the first gate driver circuit is disabled when the load number information indicates the number of actuators that are to be concurrently driven for liquid ejection is a second number less than the first number. 20. The liquid ejection device according to claim 19, wherein a signal based on a first triangular wave having a first amplitude is input to the first gate driver circuit, and a signal based on a second triangular wave having a second amplitude greater than the first amplitude is input to the second gate driver circuit. | A drive circuit for a liquid ejecting device, such as an inkjet print head or the like, includes a load detection circuit to generate load number information corresponding to the number of actuators to be concurrently driven for an intended liquid ejection. A signal processing circuit is configured to compare a common drive waveform to a target common drive waveform, and then generate a common drive signal to drive the actuators based on the load number information and the comparison of the common drive waveform and the target common drive waveform. A switching circuit is configured to selectively apply portions the generated common drive signal to an actuator according to intended output of the liquid ejection device.1. A drive circuit of a liquid ejecting device, comprising:
a load detection circuit configured to generate load number information corresponding to a number of actuators to be concurrently driven for liquid ejection; a signal processing circuit configured to:
compare a common drive waveform to a target common drive waveform, and
generate a common drive signal to drive the actuators based on the load number information and the comparison of the common drive waveform and the target common drive waveform; and
a switching circuit configured to selectively apply portions the generated common drive signal to an actuator according to output data for liquid ejection. 2. The drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing circuit includes a triangular wave generation circuit configured to change an amplitude of a triangular wave based on the load number information, and generates the common drive signal based on the triangular wave and the comparison result. 3. The drive circuit according to claim 2, wherein
the amplitude of the triangular wave is a first amplitude when the load number information indicates the number of actuators to be concurrently driven is a first number, and the amplitude of the triangular wave is a second amplitude, less than the first amplitude, when the load number information indicates the number of actuators to be concurrently driven is a second number greater than the first number. 4. The drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the signal processing circuit includes a switching element connected to an output terminal at which the common drive signal is output, and a gate driver circuit configured to control switching of the switching element, and the gate driver circuit is disabled when a difference between the common drive waveform and the target common drive waveform is less than a threshold value. 5. The drive circuit according to claim 4, wherein the gate driver circuit is activated when the difference is greater than the threshold value. 6. The drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing circuit includes:
a first switching element connected to an output terminal at which the common drive signal is output; a first switching element driver circuit configured to control switching of the first switching element; 7. The drive circuit according to claim 6, wherein the other one of the first or second gate driver circuits is disabled based on the load number information. 8. The drive circuit according to claim 6, wherein
the first switching element is connected to the output terminal through a first inductor, and the second switching element is connected to the output terminal through a second inductor having an inductance less than the first inductor. 9. The drive circuit according to claim 8, wherein
the first gate driver circuit is activated and the second gate driver circuit is disabled when the load number information indicates the number of actuators that are to be concurrently driven for liquid ejection is at least a first number, and the second gate driver circuit is activated and the first gate driver circuit is disabled when the load number information indicates the number of actuators that are to be concurrently driven for liquid ejection is a second number less than the first number. 10. The drive circuit according to claim 9, wherein a signal based on a first triangular wave having a first amplitude is input to the first gate driver circuit, and a signal based on a second triangular wave having a second amplitude greater than the first amplitude is input to the second gate driver circuit. 11. A liquid ejection device comprising:
a nozzle plate including a plurality of nozzles; a plurality of actuators corresponding to the plurality of nozzles; and a drive circuit configured to drive the plurality of actuators, the drive circuit comprising:
a load detection circuit configured to generate load number information corresponding to a number of actuators to be concurrently driven for liquid ejection;
a signal processing circuit configured to:
compare a common drive waveform to a target common drive waveform, and
generate a common drive signal to drive the actuators based on the load number information and the comparison of the common drive waveform and the target common drive waveform; and
a switching circuit configured to selectively apply portions the generated common drive signal to an actuator according to output data for liquid ejection. 12. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, wherein the signal processing circuit includes a triangular wave generation circuit configured to change an amplitude of a triangular wave based on the load number information, and generates the common drive signal based on the triangular wave and the comparison result. 13. The liquid ejection device according to claim 12, wherein
the amplitude of the triangular wave is a first amplitude when the load number information indicates the number of actuators to be concurrently driven is a first number, and the amplitude of the triangular wave is a second amplitude, less than the first amplitude, when the load number information indicates the number of actuators to be concurrently driven is a second number greater than the first number. 14. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, wherein
the signal processing circuit includes a switching element connected to an output terminal at which the common drive signal is output, and a gate driver circuit configured to control switching of the switching element, and the gate driver circuit is disabled when a difference between the common drive waveform and the target common drive waveform is less than a threshold value. 15. The liquid ejection device according to claim 14, wherein the gate driver circuit is activated when the difference is greater than the threshold value. 16. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, signal processing circuit includes:
a first switching element connected to an output terminal at which the common drive signal is output; a first switching element driver circuit configured to control switching of the first switching element; a second switching element connected to the output terminal; and a second gate driver circuit configured to control switching of the second switching element, wherein one of the first or second gate driver circuits is activated based on the load number information. 17. The liquid ejection device according to claim 16, wherein the other one of the first or second gate driver circuits is disabled based on the load number information. 18. The liquid ejection device according to claim 16, wherein
the first switching element is connected to the output terminal through a first inductor, and the second switching element is connected to the output terminal through a second inductor having an inductance less than the first inductor. 19. The liquid ejection device according to claim 18, wherein
the first gate driver circuit is activated and the second gate driver circuit is disabled when the load number information indicates the number of actuators that are to be concurrently driven for liquid ejection is at least a first number, and the second gate driver circuit is activated and the first gate driver circuit is disabled when the load number information indicates the number of actuators that are to be concurrently driven for liquid ejection is a second number less than the first number. 20. The liquid ejection device according to claim 19, wherein a signal based on a first triangular wave having a first amplitude is input to the first gate driver circuit, and a signal based on a second triangular wave having a second amplitude greater than the first amplitude is input to the second gate driver circuit. | 1,600 |
339,202 | 16,800,127 | 1,662 | An optical deflection element includes: a reflective surface; and a movable part configured to rotate the reflective surface so as to deflect light incident on the reflective surface. The movable part includes: a metal film; a high reflective layer formed on an upper surface of the metal film; and a protective film continuously covering an upper surface and a side surface of the high reflective layer and a side surface of the metal film. | 1. An optical deflection element comprising:
a reflective surface; and a movable part configured to rotate the reflective surface so as to deflect light incident on the reflective surface, the movable part including:
a metal film;
a high reflective layer formed on an upper surface of the metal film; and
a protective film continuously covering an upper surface and a side surface of the high reflective layer and a side surface of the metal film. 2. The optical deflection element according to claim 1, wherein the protective film includes one of an oxide film and a nitride film that allow passage of the light. 3. The optical deflection element according to claim 1, wherein a material of the protective film includes one of Al2O3, Ta2O5, SiO2, and SiNX. 4. The optical deflection element according to claim 1, wherein the protective film has a physical film thickness of from 5 nm to 50 nm. 5. The optical deflection element according to claim 1, wherein a material of the metal film includes one of Al, AlCu, AlSiCu, Ag, Ag alloy, and Au. 6. A method for manufacturing an optical deflection element configured to rotate a movable part including a reflective surface so as to deflect light incident on the reflective surface, the movable part including a metal film and a protective film covering the metal film, and the protective film including one of an oxide film and a nitride film that allow passage of the light,
the method comprising forming the protective film by using an atomic layer deposition technique. 7. The method for manufacturing an optical deflection element according to claim 6, wherein the forming the protective film includes forming the protective film having a physical film thickness of from 5 nm to 50 nm. 8. A system comprising the optical deflection element according to claim 1. | An optical deflection element includes: a reflective surface; and a movable part configured to rotate the reflective surface so as to deflect light incident on the reflective surface. The movable part includes: a metal film; a high reflective layer formed on an upper surface of the metal film; and a protective film continuously covering an upper surface and a side surface of the high reflective layer and a side surface of the metal film.1. An optical deflection element comprising:
a reflective surface; and a movable part configured to rotate the reflective surface so as to deflect light incident on the reflective surface, the movable part including:
a metal film;
a high reflective layer formed on an upper surface of the metal film; and
a protective film continuously covering an upper surface and a side surface of the high reflective layer and a side surface of the metal film. 2. The optical deflection element according to claim 1, wherein the protective film includes one of an oxide film and a nitride film that allow passage of the light. 3. The optical deflection element according to claim 1, wherein a material of the protective film includes one of Al2O3, Ta2O5, SiO2, and SiNX. 4. The optical deflection element according to claim 1, wherein the protective film has a physical film thickness of from 5 nm to 50 nm. 5. The optical deflection element according to claim 1, wherein a material of the metal film includes one of Al, AlCu, AlSiCu, Ag, Ag alloy, and Au. 6. A method for manufacturing an optical deflection element configured to rotate a movable part including a reflective surface so as to deflect light incident on the reflective surface, the movable part including a metal film and a protective film covering the metal film, and the protective film including one of an oxide film and a nitride film that allow passage of the light,
the method comprising forming the protective film by using an atomic layer deposition technique. 7. The method for manufacturing an optical deflection element according to claim 6, wherein the forming the protective film includes forming the protective film having a physical film thickness of from 5 nm to 50 nm. 8. A system comprising the optical deflection element according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
339,203 | 16,800,087 | 1,662 | A recording device provides, when a first mode that is a recording mode for increasing concentration of black is selected, in a first nozzle row including first nozzles capable of discharging a first ink representing black by a single color or a mixed color, and a second nozzle row including second nozzles capable of discharging a second ink having a lower pigment concentration than a black ink and being an achromatic color, a nozzle unused region by a first nozzle not discharging a first ink and a second nozzle not discharging a second ink, between a first nozzle usage region including the first nozzle discharging the first ink onto the recording medium, and a second nozzle used region including the second nozzle for discharging the second ink onto a region of the recording medium onto which the first ink is discharged. | 1. A recording device, comprising:
a recording head including a first nozzle row, in which first nozzles configured to discharge a first ink representing black by a single color or a mixed color, are arranged, and a second nozzle row, in which second nozzles configured to discharge a second ink having a lower pigment concentration than a black ink and being an achromatic color, are arranged, the first nozzle row and the second nozzle row being arranged in a first direction; a carriage on which the recording head is mounted, and the carriage being configured to move in the first direction; a transport unit configured to transport a recording medium, that receives ink discharged from the recording head, in a second direction that intersects with the first direction; and a control unit configured to control the recording head, the carriage, and the transport unit, wherein when, of a first mode that is a recording mode for increasing concentration of black and a second mode that is a different recording mode from the first mode, the first mode is selected, the control unit performs recording on the recording medium with a nozzle unused region, in which the first nozzle does not discharge the first ink and the second nozzle does not discharge the second ink, set between, in the second direction, a first nozzle used region of the first nozzle row for discharging the first ink onto the recording medium, and a second nozzle used region of the second nozzle row for discharging the second ink onto a region of the recording medium with the first ink discharged thereon. 2. The recording device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit, when the first mode is selected, causes the number of the nozzles, in the second direction, in the first nozzle used region, and the number of the nozzles, in the second direction, in the second nozzle used region to be identical. 3. The recording device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit, when the first mode is selected, causes the number of the nozzles, in the second direction, in the second nozzle used region to be smaller than the number of the nozzles, in the second direction, in the first nozzle used region. 4. The recording device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit changes the number of the nozzles, in the second direction, in the nozzle unused region according to a type of the recording medium. 5. The recording device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit, when a defective nozzle with poor ink discharge is included in the first nozzle row and/or the second nozzle row, sets the nozzle unused region such that the defective nozzle is included in the nozzle unused region. 6. A recording method for performing recording on the recording medium by controlling
a recording head, a carriage on which the recording head is mounted, and the carriage being configured to move in a first direction, and a transport unit configured to transport a recording medium, that receives ink discharged from the recording head, in a second direction that intersects with the first direction, wherein the recording head includes a first nozzle row, in which first nozzles configured to discharge a first ink representing black by a single color or a mixed color are arranged, and a second nozzle row, in which second nozzles configured to discharge a second ink having a lower pigment concentration than a black ink and being an achromatic color are arranged, and the first nozzle row and the second nozzle row are arranged in the first direction, and when, of a first mode that is a recording mode for increasing concentration of black, and a second mode that is a different recording mode from the first mode, the first mode is selected, recording is performed on the recording medium with a nozzle unused region, in which the first nozzle does not discharge the first ink and the second nozzle does not discharge the second ink, set between, in the second direction, a first nozzle used region of the first nozzle row for discharging the first ink onto the recording medium, and a second nozzle used region of the second nozzle row for discharging the second ink onto a region of the recording medium with the first ink discharged thereon. | A recording device provides, when a first mode that is a recording mode for increasing concentration of black is selected, in a first nozzle row including first nozzles capable of discharging a first ink representing black by a single color or a mixed color, and a second nozzle row including second nozzles capable of discharging a second ink having a lower pigment concentration than a black ink and being an achromatic color, a nozzle unused region by a first nozzle not discharging a first ink and a second nozzle not discharging a second ink, between a first nozzle usage region including the first nozzle discharging the first ink onto the recording medium, and a second nozzle used region including the second nozzle for discharging the second ink onto a region of the recording medium onto which the first ink is discharged.1. A recording device, comprising:
a recording head including a first nozzle row, in which first nozzles configured to discharge a first ink representing black by a single color or a mixed color, are arranged, and a second nozzle row, in which second nozzles configured to discharge a second ink having a lower pigment concentration than a black ink and being an achromatic color, are arranged, the first nozzle row and the second nozzle row being arranged in a first direction; a carriage on which the recording head is mounted, and the carriage being configured to move in the first direction; a transport unit configured to transport a recording medium, that receives ink discharged from the recording head, in a second direction that intersects with the first direction; and a control unit configured to control the recording head, the carriage, and the transport unit, wherein when, of a first mode that is a recording mode for increasing concentration of black and a second mode that is a different recording mode from the first mode, the first mode is selected, the control unit performs recording on the recording medium with a nozzle unused region, in which the first nozzle does not discharge the first ink and the second nozzle does not discharge the second ink, set between, in the second direction, a first nozzle used region of the first nozzle row for discharging the first ink onto the recording medium, and a second nozzle used region of the second nozzle row for discharging the second ink onto a region of the recording medium with the first ink discharged thereon. 2. The recording device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit, when the first mode is selected, causes the number of the nozzles, in the second direction, in the first nozzle used region, and the number of the nozzles, in the second direction, in the second nozzle used region to be identical. 3. The recording device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit, when the first mode is selected, causes the number of the nozzles, in the second direction, in the second nozzle used region to be smaller than the number of the nozzles, in the second direction, in the first nozzle used region. 4. The recording device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit changes the number of the nozzles, in the second direction, in the nozzle unused region according to a type of the recording medium. 5. The recording device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit, when a defective nozzle with poor ink discharge is included in the first nozzle row and/or the second nozzle row, sets the nozzle unused region such that the defective nozzle is included in the nozzle unused region. 6. A recording method for performing recording on the recording medium by controlling
a recording head, a carriage on which the recording head is mounted, and the carriage being configured to move in a first direction, and a transport unit configured to transport a recording medium, that receives ink discharged from the recording head, in a second direction that intersects with the first direction, wherein the recording head includes a first nozzle row, in which first nozzles configured to discharge a first ink representing black by a single color or a mixed color are arranged, and a second nozzle row, in which second nozzles configured to discharge a second ink having a lower pigment concentration than a black ink and being an achromatic color are arranged, and the first nozzle row and the second nozzle row are arranged in the first direction, and when, of a first mode that is a recording mode for increasing concentration of black, and a second mode that is a different recording mode from the first mode, the first mode is selected, recording is performed on the recording medium with a nozzle unused region, in which the first nozzle does not discharge the first ink and the second nozzle does not discharge the second ink, set between, in the second direction, a first nozzle used region of the first nozzle row for discharging the first ink onto the recording medium, and a second nozzle used region of the second nozzle row for discharging the second ink onto a region of the recording medium with the first ink discharged thereon. | 1,600 |
339,204 | 16,800,084 | 1,662 | A switch-mode power supply includes a pair of input terminals, a pair of output terminals, and at least one switch coupled between the input terminals and the output terminals. The power supply further includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for converting a sensed analog current value at the output terminals to an output digital value, an interface for receiving a user configurable current setting, and a control circuit coupled with the interface, the ADC and the at least one switch. The control circuit is configured to determine a raw digital value of the ADC that corresponds to the received current setting by processing an iterative loop, and turn on and turn off the at least one switch according to the determined raw digital value and the output digital value of the ADC, to supply an output current at the pair of output terminals that corresponds to the received current setting. | 1. A switch-mode power supply, comprising:
a pair of input terminals for receiving an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) voltage input from an input power source; a pair of output terminals for supplying a direct current (DC) voltage output to a load; at least one switch coupled between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for converting a sensed analog current value at the pair of output terminals to an output digital value; an interface for receiving a user configurable current setting; and a control circuit coupled with the interface, the ADC and the at least one switch, the control circuit configured to: determine a raw digital value of the ADC that corresponds to the received current setting by processing an iterative loop; and turn on and turn off the at least one switch according to the determined raw digital value and the output digital value of the ADC, to supply an output current at the pair of output terminals that corresponds to the received current setting. 2. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the interface for receiving the user configurable current setting comprises at least one of a power management bus (PMBus), an I-squared-C (I2C) communication bus, and a Modbus RS485 interface. 3. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the control circuit comprises a digital signal processor. 4. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine the raw digital value by processing the iterative loop without solving a quadratic equation. 5. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine the raw digital value by processing the iterative loop without using a look up table that stores raw digital values corresponding to user configurable current settings. 6. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop by using a forward calculation that determines a test output current value by substituting a test raw digital value into a calibration equation that includes multiple specified calibration coefficients. 7. The power supply of claim 6, wherein the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop by using a derivative calculation that determines a slope of the calibration equation using the test raw digital value. 8. The power supply of claim 7, wherein the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop to determine a next raw digital value according to the determined slope of the calibration equation, and calculate a percent error of the determined next raw digital value. 9. The power supply of claim 8, wherein the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop to, when the calculated percent error is greater than a specified acceptable error threshold, repeat the iterative loop with the determined next raw digital value assigned as the test raw digital value in the forward calculation of the repeated loop. 10. The power supply of claim 8, wherein the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop to, when the calculated percent error is less than the specified acceptable error threshold, set a current reference of the power supply according to the determined next raw digital value. 11. The power supply of claim 6, wherein the control circuit comprises a fixed-point digital signal processor that is only capable of performing calculations on integer numbers. 12. The power supply of claim 11, wherein:
the calibration equation is a first calibration equation corresponding to a first range of user configurable current settings, the first calibration equation including a first set of the multiple specified calibration coefficients; the forward calculation further includes a second calibration equation corresponding to a first range of user configurable current settings, the second calibration equation including a second set of the multiple specified calibration coefficients; the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop using the first calibration equation when the received user configurable current setting is in the first range; and the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop using the second calibration equation when the received user configurable current setting is in the second range. 13. The power supply of claim 12, wherein the first range is separated from the second range according to a current setting switch point that corresponds to a change in the analog-to-digital response of the ADC. 14. The power supply of claim 12 or 13, wherein:
the first calibration equation comprises a quadratic equation;
the second calibration equation comprises a linear equation;
the first range of current settings is less than the second range of current settings. 15. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to set a constant current limit of the power supply according to the user configurable current setting. 16. A method of controlling a switch-mode power supply including a pair of input terminals for receiving an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) voltage input from an input power source, a pair of output terminals for supplying a direct current (DC) voltage output to a load, at least one switch coupled between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for converting a sensed analog current value at the pair of output terminals to an output digital value, and an external interface, the method comprising:
receiving, via the external interface, a user configurable current setting; processing an iterative loop to determine a raw digital value of the ADC that corresponds to the received current setting; and turning on and turning off the at least one switch according to the determined raw digital value and the output digital value of the ADC, to supply an output current at the pair of output terminals that corresponds to the received current setting. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein processing the iterative loop includes processing the iterative loop without solving a quadratic equation. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein processing the iterative loop includes processing the iterative loop without using a look up table that stores raw digital values corresponding to user configurable current settings. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein processing the iterative loop includes using a forward calculation to determine a test output current value by substituting a test raw digital value into a calibration equation that includes multiple specified calibration coefficients. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein processing the iterative loop includes processing using a derivative calculation to determine a slope of the calibration equation using the test raw digital value. 21.-23. (canceled) | A switch-mode power supply includes a pair of input terminals, a pair of output terminals, and at least one switch coupled between the input terminals and the output terminals. The power supply further includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for converting a sensed analog current value at the output terminals to an output digital value, an interface for receiving a user configurable current setting, and a control circuit coupled with the interface, the ADC and the at least one switch. The control circuit is configured to determine a raw digital value of the ADC that corresponds to the received current setting by processing an iterative loop, and turn on and turn off the at least one switch according to the determined raw digital value and the output digital value of the ADC, to supply an output current at the pair of output terminals that corresponds to the received current setting.1. A switch-mode power supply, comprising:
a pair of input terminals for receiving an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) voltage input from an input power source; a pair of output terminals for supplying a direct current (DC) voltage output to a load; at least one switch coupled between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for converting a sensed analog current value at the pair of output terminals to an output digital value; an interface for receiving a user configurable current setting; and a control circuit coupled with the interface, the ADC and the at least one switch, the control circuit configured to: determine a raw digital value of the ADC that corresponds to the received current setting by processing an iterative loop; and turn on and turn off the at least one switch according to the determined raw digital value and the output digital value of the ADC, to supply an output current at the pair of output terminals that corresponds to the received current setting. 2. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the interface for receiving the user configurable current setting comprises at least one of a power management bus (PMBus), an I-squared-C (I2C) communication bus, and a Modbus RS485 interface. 3. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the control circuit comprises a digital signal processor. 4. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine the raw digital value by processing the iterative loop without solving a quadratic equation. 5. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine the raw digital value by processing the iterative loop without using a look up table that stores raw digital values corresponding to user configurable current settings. 6. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop by using a forward calculation that determines a test output current value by substituting a test raw digital value into a calibration equation that includes multiple specified calibration coefficients. 7. The power supply of claim 6, wherein the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop by using a derivative calculation that determines a slope of the calibration equation using the test raw digital value. 8. The power supply of claim 7, wherein the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop to determine a next raw digital value according to the determined slope of the calibration equation, and calculate a percent error of the determined next raw digital value. 9. The power supply of claim 8, wherein the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop to, when the calculated percent error is greater than a specified acceptable error threshold, repeat the iterative loop with the determined next raw digital value assigned as the test raw digital value in the forward calculation of the repeated loop. 10. The power supply of claim 8, wherein the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop to, when the calculated percent error is less than the specified acceptable error threshold, set a current reference of the power supply according to the determined next raw digital value. 11. The power supply of claim 6, wherein the control circuit comprises a fixed-point digital signal processor that is only capable of performing calculations on integer numbers. 12. The power supply of claim 11, wherein:
the calibration equation is a first calibration equation corresponding to a first range of user configurable current settings, the first calibration equation including a first set of the multiple specified calibration coefficients; the forward calculation further includes a second calibration equation corresponding to a first range of user configurable current settings, the second calibration equation including a second set of the multiple specified calibration coefficients; the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop using the first calibration equation when the received user configurable current setting is in the first range; and the control circuit is configured to process the iterative loop using the second calibration equation when the received user configurable current setting is in the second range. 13. The power supply of claim 12, wherein the first range is separated from the second range according to a current setting switch point that corresponds to a change in the analog-to-digital response of the ADC. 14. The power supply of claim 12 or 13, wherein:
the first calibration equation comprises a quadratic equation;
the second calibration equation comprises a linear equation;
the first range of current settings is less than the second range of current settings. 15. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to set a constant current limit of the power supply according to the user configurable current setting. 16. A method of controlling a switch-mode power supply including a pair of input terminals for receiving an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) voltage input from an input power source, a pair of output terminals for supplying a direct current (DC) voltage output to a load, at least one switch coupled between the pair of input terminals and the pair of output terminals, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for converting a sensed analog current value at the pair of output terminals to an output digital value, and an external interface, the method comprising:
receiving, via the external interface, a user configurable current setting; processing an iterative loop to determine a raw digital value of the ADC that corresponds to the received current setting; and turning on and turning off the at least one switch according to the determined raw digital value and the output digital value of the ADC, to supply an output current at the pair of output terminals that corresponds to the received current setting. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein processing the iterative loop includes processing the iterative loop without solving a quadratic equation. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein processing the iterative loop includes processing the iterative loop without using a look up table that stores raw digital values corresponding to user configurable current settings. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein processing the iterative loop includes using a forward calculation to determine a test output current value by substituting a test raw digital value into a calibration equation that includes multiple specified calibration coefficients. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein processing the iterative loop includes processing using a derivative calculation to determine a slope of the calibration equation using the test raw digital value. 21.-23. (canceled) | 1,600 |
339,205 | 16,800,092 | 2,115 | A mobile health device includes a health sensor that monitors values of health metrics of a person where performance of the health sensor is affected by temperature. An internal temperature sensor monitors a temperature of an internal region of the mobile health device. A thermal control component controls a thermal output of components of the mobile health device based on the temperature of the internal region. The mobile health device may also include a plurality of processing cores that execute instructions where the thermal control component reduces a collective thermal output of the plurality of processing cores by reducing a number of the plurality of the processing cores that actively execute instructions. The thermal control component may reduce a thermal output of the processing core by reducing a frequency of instruction execution of the processing core. A thermal buffer may be used. | 1.-100. (canceled) 101. A mobile health device for providing a health service for a person, comprising:
a health sensor that monitors values of health metrics of the person, wherein performance of the health sensor is affected by temperature; an internal temperature sensor that monitor a temperature of an internal region of the mobile health device; and a thermal control component that controls a thermal output of one or more components of the mobile health device based at least in part on the temperature of the one or more internal regions of the health sensor. 102. The mobile health device of claim 101, further comprising:
a plurality of processing cores that execute instructions, wherein the thermal control component reduces a collective thermal output of the plurality of processing cores by reducing a number of the plurality of the processing cores that actively execute instructions. 103. The mobile health device of claim 101, further comprising:
a processing core that executes instructions, wherein the thermal control component reduces a thermal output of the processing core by reducing a frequency of instruction execution of the processing core. 104. The mobile health device of claim 101, further comprising:
an external temperature sensor that monitors a temperature of an external region that is external to the mobile health device; and compensation logic that determines a difference between a monitored internal temperature value and a monitored external temperature value, and modifies monitored health metric values based on a determined difference. 105. The mobile health device of claim 101, further comprising:
a thermal buffer between the health sensor and an other component of the mobile health device that generate heat during operation of the mobile health device, the thermal buffer being arranged to thermally insulate the health sensor from the other component. 106. For a mobile health device including a health sensor, a temperature sensor and a thermal control component, a method of providing a health service for a person comprising:
the health sensor monitoring values of health metrics of the person, wherein performance of the health sensor is affected by temperature; the internal temperature sensor monitoring a temperature of an internal region of the mobile health device; and a thermal control component controlling a thermal output of components of the mobile health device based on the monitored temperature of the internal region of the health sensor. 107. The method of claim 106, wherein the mobile health device further includes a plurality of processing cores that execute instructions, the method further comprising: the thermal control component reducing a collective thermal output of the plurality of processing cores by reducing a number of the plurality of the processing cores that actively execute instructions. 108. The method of claim 106, wherein the mobile health device further includes a processing core that executes instructions, the method further comprising:
the thermal control component reducing a thermal output of the processing core by reducing a frequency of instruction execution of the processing core. 109. The method of claim 106, wherein the mobile health device further includes an external temperature sensor, the method further comprising:
the external temperature sensor monitoring a temperature of an external region that is external to the mobile health device; determining a difference, between a monitored internal temperature value and a monitored external temperature value; and modifying one or more monitored health metric values based at least in part on the determined difference. 110. The method of claim 106, wherein the mobile health device includes a thermal buffer between the health sensor and an other component that generates heat during operation of the mobile health device, the thermal buffer being arranged to thermally insulate the health sensor from the other component. 111. For a mobile health device including a health sensor, a temperature sensor and a thermal control component, non-transitory computer-readable media having software stored thereon that provides a health service for a person, the software comprising:
executable code that controls the health sensor to monitor values of health metrics of the person, wherein performance of the health sensor is affected by temperature; executable code that controls the internal temperature sensors to obtain a temperature for an internal region of the mobile health device; and executable code that controls a thermal control component to control a thermal output of components of the mobile health device based on the monitored temperature of the internal region of the health sensor. 112. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 111, wherein the mobile health device further includes a plurality of processing cores that execute instructions, the software further comprising:
executable code that controls the thermal control component to reduce a collective thermal output of the plurality of processing cores by reducing a number of the plurality of the processing cores that actively execute instructions. 113. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 111, wherein the mobile health device further includes a processing core that executes instructions, the software further comprising:
executable code that controls the thermal control component to reduce a thermal output of the processing core by reducing a frequency of instruction execution of the processing core. 114. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 111, wherein the mobile health device further includes an external temperature sensor, the software further comprising:
executable code that, for an external region that is external to the mobile health device, controls the external temperature sensor to monitor a temperature of the external region; executable code that determines a difference between a monitored internal temperature value and a monitored external temperature value; and 115. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 111, wherein the mobile health device includes a thermal buffer between the health sensor and an other component that generates heat during operation of the mobile health device, the thermal buffer being arranged to thermally insulate the health sensor from the other component. 116.-150. (canceled) | A mobile health device includes a health sensor that monitors values of health metrics of a person where performance of the health sensor is affected by temperature. An internal temperature sensor monitors a temperature of an internal region of the mobile health device. A thermal control component controls a thermal output of components of the mobile health device based on the temperature of the internal region. The mobile health device may also include a plurality of processing cores that execute instructions where the thermal control component reduces a collective thermal output of the plurality of processing cores by reducing a number of the plurality of the processing cores that actively execute instructions. The thermal control component may reduce a thermal output of the processing core by reducing a frequency of instruction execution of the processing core. A thermal buffer may be used.1.-100. (canceled) 101. A mobile health device for providing a health service for a person, comprising:
a health sensor that monitors values of health metrics of the person, wherein performance of the health sensor is affected by temperature; an internal temperature sensor that monitor a temperature of an internal region of the mobile health device; and a thermal control component that controls a thermal output of one or more components of the mobile health device based at least in part on the temperature of the one or more internal regions of the health sensor. 102. The mobile health device of claim 101, further comprising:
a plurality of processing cores that execute instructions, wherein the thermal control component reduces a collective thermal output of the plurality of processing cores by reducing a number of the plurality of the processing cores that actively execute instructions. 103. The mobile health device of claim 101, further comprising:
a processing core that executes instructions, wherein the thermal control component reduces a thermal output of the processing core by reducing a frequency of instruction execution of the processing core. 104. The mobile health device of claim 101, further comprising:
an external temperature sensor that monitors a temperature of an external region that is external to the mobile health device; and compensation logic that determines a difference between a monitored internal temperature value and a monitored external temperature value, and modifies monitored health metric values based on a determined difference. 105. The mobile health device of claim 101, further comprising:
a thermal buffer between the health sensor and an other component of the mobile health device that generate heat during operation of the mobile health device, the thermal buffer being arranged to thermally insulate the health sensor from the other component. 106. For a mobile health device including a health sensor, a temperature sensor and a thermal control component, a method of providing a health service for a person comprising:
the health sensor monitoring values of health metrics of the person, wherein performance of the health sensor is affected by temperature; the internal temperature sensor monitoring a temperature of an internal region of the mobile health device; and a thermal control component controlling a thermal output of components of the mobile health device based on the monitored temperature of the internal region of the health sensor. 107. The method of claim 106, wherein the mobile health device further includes a plurality of processing cores that execute instructions, the method further comprising: the thermal control component reducing a collective thermal output of the plurality of processing cores by reducing a number of the plurality of the processing cores that actively execute instructions. 108. The method of claim 106, wherein the mobile health device further includes a processing core that executes instructions, the method further comprising:
the thermal control component reducing a thermal output of the processing core by reducing a frequency of instruction execution of the processing core. 109. The method of claim 106, wherein the mobile health device further includes an external temperature sensor, the method further comprising:
the external temperature sensor monitoring a temperature of an external region that is external to the mobile health device; determining a difference, between a monitored internal temperature value and a monitored external temperature value; and modifying one or more monitored health metric values based at least in part on the determined difference. 110. The method of claim 106, wherein the mobile health device includes a thermal buffer between the health sensor and an other component that generates heat during operation of the mobile health device, the thermal buffer being arranged to thermally insulate the health sensor from the other component. 111. For a mobile health device including a health sensor, a temperature sensor and a thermal control component, non-transitory computer-readable media having software stored thereon that provides a health service for a person, the software comprising:
executable code that controls the health sensor to monitor values of health metrics of the person, wherein performance of the health sensor is affected by temperature; executable code that controls the internal temperature sensors to obtain a temperature for an internal region of the mobile health device; and executable code that controls a thermal control component to control a thermal output of components of the mobile health device based on the monitored temperature of the internal region of the health sensor. 112. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 111, wherein the mobile health device further includes a plurality of processing cores that execute instructions, the software further comprising:
executable code that controls the thermal control component to reduce a collective thermal output of the plurality of processing cores by reducing a number of the plurality of the processing cores that actively execute instructions. 113. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 111, wherein the mobile health device further includes a processing core that executes instructions, the software further comprising:
executable code that controls the thermal control component to reduce a thermal output of the processing core by reducing a frequency of instruction execution of the processing core. 114. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 111, wherein the mobile health device further includes an external temperature sensor, the software further comprising:
executable code that, for an external region that is external to the mobile health device, controls the external temperature sensor to monitor a temperature of the external region; executable code that determines a difference between a monitored internal temperature value and a monitored external temperature value; and 115. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 111, wherein the mobile health device includes a thermal buffer between the health sensor and an other component that generates heat during operation of the mobile health device, the thermal buffer being arranged to thermally insulate the health sensor from the other component. 116.-150. (canceled) | 2,100 |
339,206 | 16,800,073 | 2,115 | A display apparatus includes a blue light blocking layer to block a blue light which is not converted by a color conversion layer, and a reflection preventing layer over the blue light blocking layer to prevent reflection of external light incident thereon. | 1. A display apparatus, comprising:
a panel; and a quantum dot color filter on the panel, wherein the quantum dot color filter includes:
a first color conversion layer in a first pixel area and including a plurality of quantum dots to convert incident light into a first color light;
a second color conversion layer in a second pixel area and including a plurality of quantum dots to convert incident light into a second color light;
a blue light blocking layer including a first blue light blocking portion over the first color conversion layer to block emission of a blue light of the incident light which is not converted by the first color conversion layer, and a second blue light blocking portion over the second color conversion layer to block emission of the blue light of the incident light which is not converted by the second color conversion layer; and
a reflection preventing layer including a first reflection preventing portion over the first blue light blocking portion to prevent reflection of external light incident thereon and to transmit the first color light from the first color conversion layer therethrough, and a second reflection preventing portion on the second blue light blocking portion to prevent reflection of external light incident thereon and to transmit the second color light from the second color conversion layer therethrough, and
wherein the first reflection preventing portion and the second reflection preventing portion are spaced apart from one another. | A display apparatus includes a blue light blocking layer to block a blue light which is not converted by a color conversion layer, and a reflection preventing layer over the blue light blocking layer to prevent reflection of external light incident thereon.1. A display apparatus, comprising:
a panel; and a quantum dot color filter on the panel, wherein the quantum dot color filter includes:
a first color conversion layer in a first pixel area and including a plurality of quantum dots to convert incident light into a first color light;
a second color conversion layer in a second pixel area and including a plurality of quantum dots to convert incident light into a second color light;
a blue light blocking layer including a first blue light blocking portion over the first color conversion layer to block emission of a blue light of the incident light which is not converted by the first color conversion layer, and a second blue light blocking portion over the second color conversion layer to block emission of the blue light of the incident light which is not converted by the second color conversion layer; and
a reflection preventing layer including a first reflection preventing portion over the first blue light blocking portion to prevent reflection of external light incident thereon and to transmit the first color light from the first color conversion layer therethrough, and a second reflection preventing portion on the second blue light blocking portion to prevent reflection of external light incident thereon and to transmit the second color light from the second color conversion layer therethrough, and
wherein the first reflection preventing portion and the second reflection preventing portion are spaced apart from one another. | 2,100 |
339,207 | 16,800,118 | 2,115 | A toner including a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation comprising at least one medium silica surface additive; at least one large silica surface additive; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (a) a titanium dioxide surface additive; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica; or (b) a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica; and wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. | 1. A toner comprising:
a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation comprising: at least one medium silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 30 to 50 nanometers, the at least one medium silica provided at a surface area coverage of 40 to 100 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one large silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 80 to 120 nanometers, the at least one large silica provided at a surface area coverage of 5 to 29 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is:
(a) a titanium dioxide surface additive having a volume average primary particle size of 15 to 40 nanometers, the titanium dioxide present in an amount of less than or equal to 1 part per hundred based on 100 parts of the parent toner particles; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; or
(b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area;
wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. 2. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises two or more medium silicas, and wherein the two or more medium silicas comprise surface-treated medium silicas selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silane treated silica, a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 3. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises a first medium silica that is an alkyl silane treated silica and a second medium silica that is a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica. 4. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, alkyl silane treated aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane treated aluminum oxide, and combinations thereof. 5. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is aluminum oxide. 6. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide comprising at least one member of the group consisting of a Bronsted base, a Lewis base, and an amphoteric compound. 7. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is a silica that has been treated with a basic or an amphoteric surface treatment. 8. The toner of claim 1, wherein the small silica is selected from the group consisting of alkyl silane treated silica, polydimethysiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 9. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester. 10. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester, and a crystalline polyester. 11. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle is selected from the group consisting of styrenes, acrylates, methacrylates, butadienes, isoprenes, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylonitriles, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof. 12. The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner comprises a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises at least one amorphous polyester. 13. The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner comprises a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester. 14. The toner of claim 1, wherein the colorant is selected from cyan, magenta, yellow, black, or a combination thereof. 15. A toner process comprising:
contacting at least one resin; an optional wax; an optional colorant; and an optional aggregating agent; heating to form aggregated toner particles; optionally, adding a shell resin to the aggregated toner particles, and heating to a further elevated temperature to coalesce the particles; adding a surface additive comprising: at least one medium silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 30 to 50 nanometers, the at least one medium silica provided at a surface area coverage of 40 to 100 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one large silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 80 to 120 nanometers, the at least one large silica provided at a surface area coverage of 5 to 29 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is:
(a) a titanium dioxide surface additive having a volume average primary particle size of 15 to 40 nanometers, the titanium dioxide present in an amount of less than or equal to 1 part per hundred based on 100 parts of the parent toner particles; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; or
(b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area;
wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and optionally, recovering the toner particles. 16. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises two or more medium silicas, and wherein the two or more medium silicas comprise surface-treated medium silicas selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silane treated silica, a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 17. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises a first medium silica that is an alkyl silane treated silica and a second medium silica that is a polydimethysiloxane treated silica. 18. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, and combinations thereof. 19. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester. 20. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle is selected from the group consisting of styrenes, acrylates, methacrylates, butadienes, isoprenes, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylonitriles, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof. 21. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. 22. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. | A toner including a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation comprising at least one medium silica surface additive; at least one large silica surface additive; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (a) a titanium dioxide surface additive; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica; or (b) a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica; and wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area.1. A toner comprising:
a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation comprising: at least one medium silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 30 to 50 nanometers, the at least one medium silica provided at a surface area coverage of 40 to 100 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one large silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 80 to 120 nanometers, the at least one large silica provided at a surface area coverage of 5 to 29 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is:
(a) a titanium dioxide surface additive having a volume average primary particle size of 15 to 40 nanometers, the titanium dioxide present in an amount of less than or equal to 1 part per hundred based on 100 parts of the parent toner particles; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; or
(b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area;
wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. 2. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises two or more medium silicas, and wherein the two or more medium silicas comprise surface-treated medium silicas selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silane treated silica, a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 3. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises a first medium silica that is an alkyl silane treated silica and a second medium silica that is a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica. 4. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, alkyl silane treated aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane treated aluminum oxide, and combinations thereof. 5. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is aluminum oxide. 6. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide comprising at least one member of the group consisting of a Bronsted base, a Lewis base, and an amphoteric compound. 7. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is a silica that has been treated with a basic or an amphoteric surface treatment. 8. The toner of claim 1, wherein the small silica is selected from the group consisting of alkyl silane treated silica, polydimethysiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 9. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester. 10. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester, and a crystalline polyester. 11. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle is selected from the group consisting of styrenes, acrylates, methacrylates, butadienes, isoprenes, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylonitriles, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof. 12. The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner comprises a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises at least one amorphous polyester. 13. The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner comprises a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester. 14. The toner of claim 1, wherein the colorant is selected from cyan, magenta, yellow, black, or a combination thereof. 15. A toner process comprising:
contacting at least one resin; an optional wax; an optional colorant; and an optional aggregating agent; heating to form aggregated toner particles; optionally, adding a shell resin to the aggregated toner particles, and heating to a further elevated temperature to coalesce the particles; adding a surface additive comprising: at least one medium silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 30 to 50 nanometers, the at least one medium silica provided at a surface area coverage of 40 to 100 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one large silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 80 to 120 nanometers, the at least one large silica provided at a surface area coverage of 5 to 29 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is:
(a) a titanium dioxide surface additive having a volume average primary particle size of 15 to 40 nanometers, the titanium dioxide present in an amount of less than or equal to 1 part per hundred based on 100 parts of the parent toner particles; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; or
(b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area;
wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and optionally, recovering the toner particles. 16. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises two or more medium silicas, and wherein the two or more medium silicas comprise surface-treated medium silicas selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silane treated silica, a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 17. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises a first medium silica that is an alkyl silane treated silica and a second medium silica that is a polydimethysiloxane treated silica. 18. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, and combinations thereof. 19. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester. 20. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle is selected from the group consisting of styrenes, acrylates, methacrylates, butadienes, isoprenes, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylonitriles, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof. 21. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. 22. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. | 2,100 |
339,208 | 16,800,082 | 2,115 | A toner including a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation comprising at least one medium silica surface additive; at least one large silica surface additive; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (a) a titanium dioxide surface additive; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica; or (b) a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica; and wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. | 1. A toner comprising:
a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation comprising: at least one medium silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 30 to 50 nanometers, the at least one medium silica provided at a surface area coverage of 40 to 100 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one large silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 80 to 120 nanometers, the at least one large silica provided at a surface area coverage of 5 to 29 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is:
(a) a titanium dioxide surface additive having a volume average primary particle size of 15 to 40 nanometers, the titanium dioxide present in an amount of less than or equal to 1 part per hundred based on 100 parts of the parent toner particles; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; or
(b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area;
wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. 2. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises two or more medium silicas, and wherein the two or more medium silicas comprise surface-treated medium silicas selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silane treated silica, a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 3. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises a first medium silica that is an alkyl silane treated silica and a second medium silica that is a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica. 4. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, alkyl silane treated aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane treated aluminum oxide, and combinations thereof. 5. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is aluminum oxide. 6. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide comprising at least one member of the group consisting of a Bronsted base, a Lewis base, and an amphoteric compound. 7. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is a silica that has been treated with a basic or an amphoteric surface treatment. 8. The toner of claim 1, wherein the small silica is selected from the group consisting of alkyl silane treated silica, polydimethysiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 9. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester. 10. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester, and a crystalline polyester. 11. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle is selected from the group consisting of styrenes, acrylates, methacrylates, butadienes, isoprenes, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylonitriles, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof. 12. The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner comprises a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises at least one amorphous polyester. 13. The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner comprises a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester. 14. The toner of claim 1, wherein the colorant is selected from cyan, magenta, yellow, black, or a combination thereof. 15. A toner process comprising:
contacting at least one resin; an optional wax; an optional colorant; and an optional aggregating agent; heating to form aggregated toner particles; optionally, adding a shell resin to the aggregated toner particles, and heating to a further elevated temperature to coalesce the particles; adding a surface additive comprising: at least one medium silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 30 to 50 nanometers, the at least one medium silica provided at a surface area coverage of 40 to 100 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one large silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 80 to 120 nanometers, the at least one large silica provided at a surface area coverage of 5 to 29 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is:
(a) a titanium dioxide surface additive having a volume average primary particle size of 15 to 40 nanometers, the titanium dioxide present in an amount of less than or equal to 1 part per hundred based on 100 parts of the parent toner particles; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; or
(b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area;
wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and optionally, recovering the toner particles. 16. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises two or more medium silicas, and wherein the two or more medium silicas comprise surface-treated medium silicas selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silane treated silica, a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 17. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises a first medium silica that is an alkyl silane treated silica and a second medium silica that is a polydimethysiloxane treated silica. 18. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, and combinations thereof. 19. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester. 20. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle is selected from the group consisting of styrenes, acrylates, methacrylates, butadienes, isoprenes, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylonitriles, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof. 21. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. 22. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. | A toner including a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation comprising at least one medium silica surface additive; at least one large silica surface additive; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (a) a titanium dioxide surface additive; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica; or (b) a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica; and wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area.1. A toner comprising:
a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation comprising: at least one medium silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 30 to 50 nanometers, the at least one medium silica provided at a surface area coverage of 40 to 100 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one large silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 80 to 120 nanometers, the at least one large silica provided at a surface area coverage of 5 to 29 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is:
(a) a titanium dioxide surface additive having a volume average primary particle size of 15 to 40 nanometers, the titanium dioxide present in an amount of less than or equal to 1 part per hundred based on 100 parts of the parent toner particles; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; or
(b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area;
wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. 2. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises two or more medium silicas, and wherein the two or more medium silicas comprise surface-treated medium silicas selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silane treated silica, a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 3. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises a first medium silica that is an alkyl silane treated silica and a second medium silica that is a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica. 4. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, alkyl silane treated aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane treated aluminum oxide, and combinations thereof. 5. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is aluminum oxide. 6. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide comprising at least one member of the group consisting of a Bronsted base, a Lewis base, and an amphoteric compound. 7. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is a silica that has been treated with a basic or an amphoteric surface treatment. 8. The toner of claim 1, wherein the small silica is selected from the group consisting of alkyl silane treated silica, polydimethysiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 9. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester. 10. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester, and a crystalline polyester. 11. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle is selected from the group consisting of styrenes, acrylates, methacrylates, butadienes, isoprenes, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylonitriles, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof. 12. The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner comprises a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises at least one amorphous polyester. 13. The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner comprises a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester. 14. The toner of claim 1, wherein the colorant is selected from cyan, magenta, yellow, black, or a combination thereof. 15. A toner process comprising:
contacting at least one resin; an optional wax; an optional colorant; and an optional aggregating agent; heating to form aggregated toner particles; optionally, adding a shell resin to the aggregated toner particles, and heating to a further elevated temperature to coalesce the particles; adding a surface additive comprising: at least one medium silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 30 to 50 nanometers, the at least one medium silica provided at a surface area coverage of 40 to 100 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one large silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 80 to 120 nanometers, the at least one large silica provided at a surface area coverage of 5 to 29 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is:
(a) a titanium dioxide surface additive having a volume average primary particle size of 15 to 40 nanometers, the titanium dioxide present in an amount of less than or equal to 1 part per hundred based on 100 parts of the parent toner particles; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; or
(b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area;
wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and optionally, recovering the toner particles. 16. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises two or more medium silicas, and wherein the two or more medium silicas comprise surface-treated medium silicas selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silane treated silica, a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 17. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises a first medium silica that is an alkyl silane treated silica and a second medium silica that is a polydimethysiloxane treated silica. 18. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, and combinations thereof. 19. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester. 20. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle is selected from the group consisting of styrenes, acrylates, methacrylates, butadienes, isoprenes, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylonitriles, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof. 21. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. 22. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (b) wherein the toner surface additive formulation is free of titanium dioxide, a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has a volume average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica surface additive having a volume average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. | 2,100 |
339,209 | 16,800,044 | 2,115 | This invention relates to agriculture, more specifically, to processing of grain, pulse and cereal crop grains, in particular, to a composition for the treatment of grain, pulse and cereal crop grains before processing wherein the composition includes a combination of enzyme preparations containing cellulases, cellobiohydrolases, xylanases, catalases, phytases, peroxidases, oxidoreductases, laccases, esterases and antioxidants. An object of the present technical solution is to increase the output of flour or grit mills with a concurrent gain in the quality and dietary value of the milled products. | 1. A method of hydrothermally treating grain, pulse or cereal crop grains before processing into grits, semolina, flakes, or flour, the method comprising:
contacting the grain, pulse or cereal crop grains with a composition comprising a combination of enzyme preparations comprising: a. cellulases comprising cellobiohydrolases; b. xylanases; c. oxidoreductases comprising catalases, laccases, peroxidases, or a combination thereof; d. esterases comprising phytases; and e. antioxidants selected from the group consisting of ascorbates, tocopherols, polyphenols, natural vegetable extracts, citric acid, ascorbic acid, and a combination thereof; and processing the grain, pulse or cereal crop grains into grits, semolina, flakes, or flour. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the combination of enzyme preparations is provided in dry or solute form. | This invention relates to agriculture, more specifically, to processing of grain, pulse and cereal crop grains, in particular, to a composition for the treatment of grain, pulse and cereal crop grains before processing wherein the composition includes a combination of enzyme preparations containing cellulases, cellobiohydrolases, xylanases, catalases, phytases, peroxidases, oxidoreductases, laccases, esterases and antioxidants. An object of the present technical solution is to increase the output of flour or grit mills with a concurrent gain in the quality and dietary value of the milled products.1. A method of hydrothermally treating grain, pulse or cereal crop grains before processing into grits, semolina, flakes, or flour, the method comprising:
contacting the grain, pulse or cereal crop grains with a composition comprising a combination of enzyme preparations comprising: a. cellulases comprising cellobiohydrolases; b. xylanases; c. oxidoreductases comprising catalases, laccases, peroxidases, or a combination thereof; d. esterases comprising phytases; and e. antioxidants selected from the group consisting of ascorbates, tocopherols, polyphenols, natural vegetable extracts, citric acid, ascorbic acid, and a combination thereof; and processing the grain, pulse or cereal crop grains into grits, semolina, flakes, or flour. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the combination of enzyme preparations is provided in dry or solute form. | 2,100 |
339,210 | 16,800,083 | 2,842 | This invention relates to agriculture, more specifically, to processing of grain, pulse and cereal crop grains, in particular, to a composition for the treatment of grain, pulse and cereal crop grains before processing wherein the composition includes a combination of enzyme preparations containing cellulases, cellobiohydrolases, xylanases, catalases, phytases, peroxidases, oxidoreductases, laccases, esterases and antioxidants. An object of the present technical solution is to increase the output of flour or grit mills with a concurrent gain in the quality and dietary value of the milled products. | 1. A method of hydrothermally treating grain, pulse or cereal crop grains before processing into grits, semolina, flakes, or flour, the method comprising:
contacting the grain, pulse or cereal crop grains with a composition comprising a combination of enzyme preparations comprising: a. cellulases comprising cellobiohydrolases; b. xylanases; c. oxidoreductases comprising catalases, laccases, peroxidases, or a combination thereof; d. esterases comprising phytases; and e. antioxidants selected from the group consisting of ascorbates, tocopherols, polyphenols, natural vegetable extracts, citric acid, ascorbic acid, and a combination thereof; and processing the grain, pulse or cereal crop grains into grits, semolina, flakes, or flour. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the combination of enzyme preparations is provided in dry or solute form. | This invention relates to agriculture, more specifically, to processing of grain, pulse and cereal crop grains, in particular, to a composition for the treatment of grain, pulse and cereal crop grains before processing wherein the composition includes a combination of enzyme preparations containing cellulases, cellobiohydrolases, xylanases, catalases, phytases, peroxidases, oxidoreductases, laccases, esterases and antioxidants. An object of the present technical solution is to increase the output of flour or grit mills with a concurrent gain in the quality and dietary value of the milled products.1. A method of hydrothermally treating grain, pulse or cereal crop grains before processing into grits, semolina, flakes, or flour, the method comprising:
contacting the grain, pulse or cereal crop grains with a composition comprising a combination of enzyme preparations comprising: a. cellulases comprising cellobiohydrolases; b. xylanases; c. oxidoreductases comprising catalases, laccases, peroxidases, or a combination thereof; d. esterases comprising phytases; and e. antioxidants selected from the group consisting of ascorbates, tocopherols, polyphenols, natural vegetable extracts, citric acid, ascorbic acid, and a combination thereof; and processing the grain, pulse or cereal crop grains into grits, semolina, flakes, or flour. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the combination of enzyme preparations is provided in dry or solute form. | 2,800 |
339,211 | 16,800,072 | 2,842 | This invention relates to agriculture, more specifically, to processing of grain, pulse and cereal crop grains, in particular, to a composition for the treatment of grain, pulse and cereal crop grains before processing wherein the composition includes a combination of enzyme preparations containing cellulases, cellobiohydrolases, xylanases, catalases, phytases, peroxidases, oxidoreductases, laccases, esterases and antioxidants. An object of the present technical solution is to increase the output of flour or grit mills with a concurrent gain in the quality and dietary value of the milled products. | 1. A method of hydrothermally treating grain, pulse or cereal crop grains before processing into grits, semolina, flakes, or flour, the method comprising:
contacting the grain, pulse or cereal crop grains with a composition comprising a combination of enzyme preparations comprising: a. cellulases comprising cellobiohydrolases; b. xylanases; c. oxidoreductases comprising catalases, laccases, peroxidases, or a combination thereof; d. esterases comprising phytases; and e. antioxidants selected from the group consisting of ascorbates, tocopherols, polyphenols, natural vegetable extracts, citric acid, ascorbic acid, and a combination thereof; and processing the grain, pulse or cereal crop grains into grits, semolina, flakes, or flour. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the combination of enzyme preparations is provided in dry or solute form. | This invention relates to agriculture, more specifically, to processing of grain, pulse and cereal crop grains, in particular, to a composition for the treatment of grain, pulse and cereal crop grains before processing wherein the composition includes a combination of enzyme preparations containing cellulases, cellobiohydrolases, xylanases, catalases, phytases, peroxidases, oxidoreductases, laccases, esterases and antioxidants. An object of the present technical solution is to increase the output of flour or grit mills with a concurrent gain in the quality and dietary value of the milled products.1. A method of hydrothermally treating grain, pulse or cereal crop grains before processing into grits, semolina, flakes, or flour, the method comprising:
contacting the grain, pulse or cereal crop grains with a composition comprising a combination of enzyme preparations comprising: a. cellulases comprising cellobiohydrolases; b. xylanases; c. oxidoreductases comprising catalases, laccases, peroxidases, or a combination thereof; d. esterases comprising phytases; and e. antioxidants selected from the group consisting of ascorbates, tocopherols, polyphenols, natural vegetable extracts, citric acid, ascorbic acid, and a combination thereof; and processing the grain, pulse or cereal crop grains into grits, semolina, flakes, or flour. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the combination of enzyme preparations is provided in dry or solute form. | 2,800 |
339,212 | 16,800,047 | 2,842 | The method, computer program product and computer system may include computing device which may collect application data from an application and archive the application data into a datastore. The computing device may generate a network graph based on the archived application data. The computing device may detect a new message, containing content on one or more topics, posted in the application by an author. The computing device may determine familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message and associate the new message with a message history in the application based on the anticipated user. The computing device may generate a message content summary of the new message based on the message history and present message content summary to the anticipated user. | 1. A method for message context summary generation, the method comprising:
collecting, by a computing device, application data from an application; archiving, by the computing device, the application data into a datastore; generating, by the computing device, a network graph based on the archived application data; detecting, by the computing device, a new message posted in the application by an author; the new message containing content on one or more topics; determining, by the computing device, familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message; associating, by the computing device, the new message with a message history in the application based on the anticipated user; generating, by the computing device, a message content summary of the new message based on the message history; and presenting, by the computing device, the message content summary to the anticipated user. 2. The method as in claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the computing device, a warning indicating the anticipated user is not familiar with the content of the new message; and presenting, by the computing device, the warning to the author of the new message. 3. The method as in claim 1, wherein determining, by the computing device, familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message is based on a number of connections in the network graph. 4. The method as in claim 1, wherein generating, by the computing device, a message content summary of the new message based on the message history is in response to determining the familiarity of the anticipated user does not exceed a threshold. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the anticipated user is any user who may view the new message. 6. The method as in claim 1, wherein the message context summary comprises one or more past messages related to the new message on the application based on the network graph. 7. The method as in claim 1, wherein the message context summary is presented to the anticipated user via a user interface. 8. A computer program product for message context summary generation, the computer program product comprising:
a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, wherein a computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the program instructions executable by the computer to cause the computer to perform a method, comprising: collecting, by a computing device, application data from an application; archiving, by the computing device, the application data into a datastore; generating, by the computing device, a network graph based on the archived application data; detecting, by the computing device, a new message posted in the application by an author; the new message containing content on one or more topics; determining, by the computing device, familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message; associating, by the computing device, the new message with a message history in the application based on the anticipated user; generating, by the computing device, a message content summary of the new message based on the message history; and presenting, by the computing device, the message content summary to the anticipated user. 9. The computer program product as in claim 8, further comprising:
generating, by the computing device, a warning indicating the anticipated user is not familiar with the content of the new message; and presenting, by the computing device, the warning to the author of the new message. 10. The computer program product as in claim 8, wherein determining, by the computing device, familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message is based on a number of connections in the network graph. 11. The computer program product as in claim 8, wherein generating, by the computing device, a message content summary of the new message based on the message history is in response to determining the familiarity of the anticipated user does not exceed a threshold. 12. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the anticipated user is any user who may view the new message. 13. The computer program product as in claim 8, wherein the message context summary comprises one or more past messages related to the new message on the application based on the network graph. 14. The computer program product as in claim 8, wherein the message context summary is presented to the anticipated user via a user interface. 15. A system for message context summary generation, the system comprising:
a computer system comprising, a processor, a computer readable storage medium, and program instructions stored on the computer readable storage medium being executable by the processor to cause the computer system to: collect, by a computing device, application data from an application; archive, by the computing device, the application data into a datastore; generate, by the computing device, a network graph based on the archived application data; detect, by the computing device, a new message posted in the application by an author; the new message containing content on one or more topics; determine, by the computing device, familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message; associate, by the computing device, the new message with a message history in the application based on the anticipated user; generate, by the computing device, a message content summary of the new message based on the message history; and present, by the computing device, the message content summary to the anticipated user. 16. The system as in claim 15, further comprising program instructions to:
generate, by the computing device, a warning indicating the anticipated user is not familiar with the content of the new message; and present, by the computing device, the warning to the author of the new message. 17. The system as in claim 15, wherein the program instructions to determine, by the computing device, familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message is based on a number of connections in the network graph. 18. The system as in claim 15, wherein the program instructions to generate, by the computing device, a message content summary of the new message based on the message history is in response to determining the familiarity of the anticipated user does not exceed a threshold. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the anticipated user is any user who may view the new message. 20. The system as in claim 15, wherein the message context summary comprises one or more past messages related to the new message on the application based on the network graph. | The method, computer program product and computer system may include computing device which may collect application data from an application and archive the application data into a datastore. The computing device may generate a network graph based on the archived application data. The computing device may detect a new message, containing content on one or more topics, posted in the application by an author. The computing device may determine familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message and associate the new message with a message history in the application based on the anticipated user. The computing device may generate a message content summary of the new message based on the message history and present message content summary to the anticipated user.1. A method for message context summary generation, the method comprising:
collecting, by a computing device, application data from an application; archiving, by the computing device, the application data into a datastore; generating, by the computing device, a network graph based on the archived application data; detecting, by the computing device, a new message posted in the application by an author; the new message containing content on one or more topics; determining, by the computing device, familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message; associating, by the computing device, the new message with a message history in the application based on the anticipated user; generating, by the computing device, a message content summary of the new message based on the message history; and presenting, by the computing device, the message content summary to the anticipated user. 2. The method as in claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the computing device, a warning indicating the anticipated user is not familiar with the content of the new message; and presenting, by the computing device, the warning to the author of the new message. 3. The method as in claim 1, wherein determining, by the computing device, familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message is based on a number of connections in the network graph. 4. The method as in claim 1, wherein generating, by the computing device, a message content summary of the new message based on the message history is in response to determining the familiarity of the anticipated user does not exceed a threshold. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the anticipated user is any user who may view the new message. 6. The method as in claim 1, wherein the message context summary comprises one or more past messages related to the new message on the application based on the network graph. 7. The method as in claim 1, wherein the message context summary is presented to the anticipated user via a user interface. 8. A computer program product for message context summary generation, the computer program product comprising:
a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, wherein a computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the program instructions executable by the computer to cause the computer to perform a method, comprising: collecting, by a computing device, application data from an application; archiving, by the computing device, the application data into a datastore; generating, by the computing device, a network graph based on the archived application data; detecting, by the computing device, a new message posted in the application by an author; the new message containing content on one or more topics; determining, by the computing device, familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message; associating, by the computing device, the new message with a message history in the application based on the anticipated user; generating, by the computing device, a message content summary of the new message based on the message history; and presenting, by the computing device, the message content summary to the anticipated user. 9. The computer program product as in claim 8, further comprising:
generating, by the computing device, a warning indicating the anticipated user is not familiar with the content of the new message; and presenting, by the computing device, the warning to the author of the new message. 10. The computer program product as in claim 8, wherein determining, by the computing device, familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message is based on a number of connections in the network graph. 11. The computer program product as in claim 8, wherein generating, by the computing device, a message content summary of the new message based on the message history is in response to determining the familiarity of the anticipated user does not exceed a threshold. 12. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the anticipated user is any user who may view the new message. 13. The computer program product as in claim 8, wherein the message context summary comprises one or more past messages related to the new message on the application based on the network graph. 14. The computer program product as in claim 8, wherein the message context summary is presented to the anticipated user via a user interface. 15. A system for message context summary generation, the system comprising:
a computer system comprising, a processor, a computer readable storage medium, and program instructions stored on the computer readable storage medium being executable by the processor to cause the computer system to: collect, by a computing device, application data from an application; archive, by the computing device, the application data into a datastore; generate, by the computing device, a network graph based on the archived application data; detect, by the computing device, a new message posted in the application by an author; the new message containing content on one or more topics; determine, by the computing device, familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message; associate, by the computing device, the new message with a message history in the application based on the anticipated user; generate, by the computing device, a message content summary of the new message based on the message history; and present, by the computing device, the message content summary to the anticipated user. 16. The system as in claim 15, further comprising program instructions to:
generate, by the computing device, a warning indicating the anticipated user is not familiar with the content of the new message; and present, by the computing device, the warning to the author of the new message. 17. The system as in claim 15, wherein the program instructions to determine, by the computing device, familiarity of an anticipated user with the content of the new message is based on a number of connections in the network graph. 18. The system as in claim 15, wherein the program instructions to generate, by the computing device, a message content summary of the new message based on the message history is in response to determining the familiarity of the anticipated user does not exceed a threshold. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the anticipated user is any user who may view the new message. 20. The system as in claim 15, wherein the message context summary comprises one or more past messages related to the new message on the application based on the network graph. | 2,800 |
339,213 | 16,800,126 | 2,842 | During operation, a radio node may determine a desired bandwidth in a shared-license-access band of frequencies. Then, the radio node may identify two or more sub-spectra based at least in part on the desired bandwidth, where a sum of ranges of frequencies in the sub-spectra equals the desired bandwidth, and a given sub-spectra includes a range of frequencies. Next, the radio node may provide, to the computer, grant requests for the sub-spectra, where a given grant request includes a request to reserve a given one of the sub-spectra for use by the radio node, and a probability of approval of the given grant request is larger than a probability of a grant request for the desired bandwidth. Note that at least two of the sub-spectra may be separated by an intervening band of frequencies (i.e., at least two of the sub-spectra may be non-contiguous). | 1. A radio node, comprising:
a node or connector configured to communicatively couple to a network; an interface circuit, communicatively coupled to the node or connector, configured to communicate with a computer, wherein the interface circuit is configured to:
determine a desired bandwidth in a shared-license-access band of frequencies;
select two or more sub-spectra based at least in part on the desired bandwidth, wherein a sum of ranges of frequencies in the sub-spectra equals the desired bandwidth, and a given sub-spectra comprises a range of frequencies; and
provide, addressed to the computer, grant requests for the sub-spectra, wherein a given grant requests comprises a request to reserve a given one of the sub-spectra for use by the radio node, and a probability of approval of the given grant request is larger than a probability of a grant request for the desired bandwidth. 2. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the computer comprises a spectrum allocation server (SAS). 3. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the spectrum comprises a band of frequencies associated with a Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS). 4. The radio node of claim 1, wherein at least two of the sub-spectra are separated by an intervening band of frequencies. 5. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the communication with the computer comprises wired communication. 6. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the interface circuit is configured to:
receive grant responses associated with the computer, wherein the grant responses comprise approvals of grants for the sub-spectra; provide, addressed to the computer, heartbeat requests to request authorization to transmit in the granted sub-spectra; receive heartbeat responses associated with the computer, wherein the heartbeat responses authorize the radio node to transmit in the granted sub-spectra; and aggregate the sub-spectra into a single aggregate channel. 7. The radio node of claim 1, wherein at least two of the sub-spectra have different sizes. 8. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the desired bandwidth is determined based at least in part on: a communication history of the radio node, a current capacity demand of the radio node, or an estimated capacity demand of the radio node. 9. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the radio node comprises: an Evolved Node B (eNodeB), a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) NodeB and radio network controller (RNC), or a New Radio (NR) gNB or gNodeB. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for use in conjunction with a radio node, the computer-readable storage medium storing program instructions that, when executed by the radio node, cause the radio node to perform operations comprising:
determining a desired bandwidth in a shared-license-access band of frequencies; selecting two or more sub-spectra based at least in part on the desired bandwidth, wherein a sum of ranges of frequencies in the sub-spectra equals the desired bandwidth, and a given sub-spectra comprises a range of frequencies; and providing, addressed to a computer, grant requests for the sub-spectra, wherein a given grant requests comprises a request to reserve a given one of the sub-spectra for use by the radio node, and a probability of approval of the given grant request is larger than a probability of a grant request for the desired bandwidth. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the computer comprises a spectrum allocation server (SAS). 12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the spectrum comprises a band of frequencies associated with a Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS). 13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein at least two of the sub-spectra are separated by an intervening band of frequencies. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the communication with the computer comprises wired communication. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving grant responses associated with the computer, wherein the grant responses comprise approvals of grants for the sub-spectra; providing, addressed to the computer, heartbeat requests to request authorization to transmit in the granted sub-spectra; receiving heartbeat responses associated with the computer, wherein the heartbeat responses authorize the radio node to transmit in the granted sub-spectra; and aggregating the sub-spectra into a single aggregate channel. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein at least two of the sub-spectra have different sizes. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the desired bandwidth is determined based at least in part on: a communication history of the radio node, a current capacity demand of the radio node, or an estimated capacity demand of the radio node. 18. A method for providing grant requests, comprising:
by a radio node: determining a desired bandwidth in a shared-license-access band of frequencies; selecting two or more sub-spectra based at least in part on the desired bandwidth, wherein a sum of ranges of frequencies in the sub-spectra equals the desired bandwidth, and a given sub-spectra comprises a range of frequencies; and providing, addressed to a computer, grant requests for the sub-spectra, wherein a given grant requests comprises a request to reserve a given one of the sub-spectra for use by the radio node, and a probability of approval of the given grant request is larger than a probability of a grant request for the desired bandwidth. 19. The method of claim 18, at least two of the sub-spectra are separated by an intervening band of frequencies. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein at least two of the sub-spectra have different sizes. | During operation, a radio node may determine a desired bandwidth in a shared-license-access band of frequencies. Then, the radio node may identify two or more sub-spectra based at least in part on the desired bandwidth, where a sum of ranges of frequencies in the sub-spectra equals the desired bandwidth, and a given sub-spectra includes a range of frequencies. Next, the radio node may provide, to the computer, grant requests for the sub-spectra, where a given grant request includes a request to reserve a given one of the sub-spectra for use by the radio node, and a probability of approval of the given grant request is larger than a probability of a grant request for the desired bandwidth. Note that at least two of the sub-spectra may be separated by an intervening band of frequencies (i.e., at least two of the sub-spectra may be non-contiguous).1. A radio node, comprising:
a node or connector configured to communicatively couple to a network; an interface circuit, communicatively coupled to the node or connector, configured to communicate with a computer, wherein the interface circuit is configured to:
determine a desired bandwidth in a shared-license-access band of frequencies;
select two or more sub-spectra based at least in part on the desired bandwidth, wherein a sum of ranges of frequencies in the sub-spectra equals the desired bandwidth, and a given sub-spectra comprises a range of frequencies; and
provide, addressed to the computer, grant requests for the sub-spectra, wherein a given grant requests comprises a request to reserve a given one of the sub-spectra for use by the radio node, and a probability of approval of the given grant request is larger than a probability of a grant request for the desired bandwidth. 2. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the computer comprises a spectrum allocation server (SAS). 3. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the spectrum comprises a band of frequencies associated with a Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS). 4. The radio node of claim 1, wherein at least two of the sub-spectra are separated by an intervening band of frequencies. 5. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the communication with the computer comprises wired communication. 6. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the interface circuit is configured to:
receive grant responses associated with the computer, wherein the grant responses comprise approvals of grants for the sub-spectra; provide, addressed to the computer, heartbeat requests to request authorization to transmit in the granted sub-spectra; receive heartbeat responses associated with the computer, wherein the heartbeat responses authorize the radio node to transmit in the granted sub-spectra; and aggregate the sub-spectra into a single aggregate channel. 7. The radio node of claim 1, wherein at least two of the sub-spectra have different sizes. 8. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the desired bandwidth is determined based at least in part on: a communication history of the radio node, a current capacity demand of the radio node, or an estimated capacity demand of the radio node. 9. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the radio node comprises: an Evolved Node B (eNodeB), a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) NodeB and radio network controller (RNC), or a New Radio (NR) gNB or gNodeB. 10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for use in conjunction with a radio node, the computer-readable storage medium storing program instructions that, when executed by the radio node, cause the radio node to perform operations comprising:
determining a desired bandwidth in a shared-license-access band of frequencies; selecting two or more sub-spectra based at least in part on the desired bandwidth, wherein a sum of ranges of frequencies in the sub-spectra equals the desired bandwidth, and a given sub-spectra comprises a range of frequencies; and providing, addressed to a computer, grant requests for the sub-spectra, wherein a given grant requests comprises a request to reserve a given one of the sub-spectra for use by the radio node, and a probability of approval of the given grant request is larger than a probability of a grant request for the desired bandwidth. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the computer comprises a spectrum allocation server (SAS). 12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the spectrum comprises a band of frequencies associated with a Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS). 13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein at least two of the sub-spectra are separated by an intervening band of frequencies. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the communication with the computer comprises wired communication. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving grant responses associated with the computer, wherein the grant responses comprise approvals of grants for the sub-spectra; providing, addressed to the computer, heartbeat requests to request authorization to transmit in the granted sub-spectra; receiving heartbeat responses associated with the computer, wherein the heartbeat responses authorize the radio node to transmit in the granted sub-spectra; and aggregating the sub-spectra into a single aggregate channel. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein at least two of the sub-spectra have different sizes. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the desired bandwidth is determined based at least in part on: a communication history of the radio node, a current capacity demand of the radio node, or an estimated capacity demand of the radio node. 18. A method for providing grant requests, comprising:
by a radio node: determining a desired bandwidth in a shared-license-access band of frequencies; selecting two or more sub-spectra based at least in part on the desired bandwidth, wherein a sum of ranges of frequencies in the sub-spectra equals the desired bandwidth, and a given sub-spectra comprises a range of frequencies; and providing, addressed to a computer, grant requests for the sub-spectra, wherein a given grant requests comprises a request to reserve a given one of the sub-spectra for use by the radio node, and a probability of approval of the given grant request is larger than a probability of a grant request for the desired bandwidth. 19. The method of claim 18, at least two of the sub-spectra are separated by an intervening band of frequencies. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein at least two of the sub-spectra have different sizes. | 2,800 |
339,214 | 16,800,125 | 2,842 | A system and method for using high-end perception sensors such as high-end LIDARs to automatically label sensor data of low-end LIDARs of autonomous driving vehicles is disclosed. A perception system operating with a high-end LIDAR may process sensed data from the high-end LIDAR to detect objects and generate metadata of objects surrounding the vehicle. The confidence level of correctly identifying the objects using the high-end LIDAR may be further enhanced by fusing the data from the high-end LIDAR with data from other sensors such as cameras and radars. The method may use the detected objects and metadata of the detected objects processed from the data captured by the high-end LIDAR and other sensors as ground truth to label data of a same scene captured by a low-end LIDAR mounted on the vehicle. A neural network may use the labeled sensor data from the low-end LIDAR during offline supervised training. | 1. A computer-implemented method for labeling sensor data captured by an autonomous driving vehicles (ADV), the method comprising:
receiving data captured by a reference light detection and range (LIDAR) sensor of the ADV; detecting a plurality of objects in a driving environment of the ADV from the data received by the LIDAR sensor to generate information for the plurality of objects; collecting target LIDAR data captured a target LIDAR sensor of the ADV; and labeling the target LIDAR data using the information for the plurality of objects as ground truth to generate a plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the target LIDAR sensor has a fewer number of rays than the reference LIDAR sensor. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the target LIDAR data comprise data captured by the target LIDAR sensor from a same scene of the driving environment captured by the reference LIDAR sensor. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the information for the plurality of objects comprise an object type for one or more of the plurality of objects and metadata of one or more of the plurality of objects. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data comprise moving objects, non-moving obstacles, and motion information of the moving objects labeled using the metadata. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving sensor data captured by one or more additional sensors of the ADV; and fusing the data captured by the reference LIDAR sensor and the sensor data captured by the one or more additional sensors to generate fused sensor data. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein detecting a plurality of objects in a driving environment of the ADV comprises generating the information for the plurality of objects for a plurality of time points by processing the fused sensor data. 8. The method of claim 6, the target LIDAR data comprise data that have not been labeled, and wherein the method further comprises:
labeling offline the data that have not been labeled with one or more known objects. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
training a set of rules of a neural network using the plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data to detect the plurality of objects. 10. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations to label sensor data captured by an autonomous driving vehicles (ADV), the operations comprising:
receiving data captured by a reference light detection and range (LIDAR) sensor of the ADV; detecting a plurality of objects in a driving environment of the ADV from the data received by the LIDAR sensor to generate information for the plurality of objects; collecting target LIDAR data captured a target LIDAR sensor of the ADV; and labeling the target LIDAR data using the information for the plurality of objects as ground truth to generate a plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the target LIDAR sensor has a fewer number of rays than the reference LIDAR sensor. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the target LIDAR data comprise data captured by the target LIDAR sensor from a same scene of the driving environment captured by the reference LIDAR sensor. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the information for the plurality of objects comprise an object type for one or more of the plurality of objects and metadata of one or more of the plurality of objects. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data comprise moving objects, non-moving obstacles, and motion information of the moving objects labeled using the metadata. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving sensor data captured by one or more additional sensors of the ADV; and fusing the data captured by the reference LIDAR sensor and the sensor data captured by the one or more additional sensors to generate fused sensor data, and wherein the operations for detecting a plurality of objects in a driving environment of the ADV comprises generating the information for the plurality of objects for a plurality of time points by processing the fused sensor data. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
training a set of rules of a neural network using the plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data to detect the plurality of objects. 17. A data processing system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor to store instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to label sensor data captured by an autonomous driving vehicles (ADV), the operations comprising:
receiving data captured by a reference light detection and range (LIDAR) sensor of the ADV;
detecting a plurality of objects in a driving environment of the ADV from the data received by the LIDAR sensor to generate information for the plurality of objects;
collecting target LIDAR data captured a target LIDAR sensor of the ADV; and
labeling the target LIDAR data using the information for the plurality of objects as ground truth to generate a plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data. 18. The data processing system of claim 17, wherein the target LIDAR sensor has a fewer number of rays than the reference LIDAR sensor. 19. The data processing system of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving sensor data captured by one or more additional sensors of the ADV; and fusing the data captured by the reference LIDAR sensor and the sensor data captured by the one or more additional sensors to generate fused sensor data, and wherein the operation for detecting a plurality of objects in a driving environment of the ADV comprises generating the information for the plurality of objects for a plurality of time points by processing the fused sensor data. 20. The data processing system of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
training a set of rules of a neural network using the plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data to detect the plurality of objects. | A system and method for using high-end perception sensors such as high-end LIDARs to automatically label sensor data of low-end LIDARs of autonomous driving vehicles is disclosed. A perception system operating with a high-end LIDAR may process sensed data from the high-end LIDAR to detect objects and generate metadata of objects surrounding the vehicle. The confidence level of correctly identifying the objects using the high-end LIDAR may be further enhanced by fusing the data from the high-end LIDAR with data from other sensors such as cameras and radars. The method may use the detected objects and metadata of the detected objects processed from the data captured by the high-end LIDAR and other sensors as ground truth to label data of a same scene captured by a low-end LIDAR mounted on the vehicle. A neural network may use the labeled sensor data from the low-end LIDAR during offline supervised training.1. A computer-implemented method for labeling sensor data captured by an autonomous driving vehicles (ADV), the method comprising:
receiving data captured by a reference light detection and range (LIDAR) sensor of the ADV; detecting a plurality of objects in a driving environment of the ADV from the data received by the LIDAR sensor to generate information for the plurality of objects; collecting target LIDAR data captured a target LIDAR sensor of the ADV; and labeling the target LIDAR data using the information for the plurality of objects as ground truth to generate a plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the target LIDAR sensor has a fewer number of rays than the reference LIDAR sensor. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the target LIDAR data comprise data captured by the target LIDAR sensor from a same scene of the driving environment captured by the reference LIDAR sensor. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the information for the plurality of objects comprise an object type for one or more of the plurality of objects and metadata of one or more of the plurality of objects. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data comprise moving objects, non-moving obstacles, and motion information of the moving objects labeled using the metadata. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving sensor data captured by one or more additional sensors of the ADV; and fusing the data captured by the reference LIDAR sensor and the sensor data captured by the one or more additional sensors to generate fused sensor data. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein detecting a plurality of objects in a driving environment of the ADV comprises generating the information for the plurality of objects for a plurality of time points by processing the fused sensor data. 8. The method of claim 6, the target LIDAR data comprise data that have not been labeled, and wherein the method further comprises:
labeling offline the data that have not been labeled with one or more known objects. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
training a set of rules of a neural network using the plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data to detect the plurality of objects. 10. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations to label sensor data captured by an autonomous driving vehicles (ADV), the operations comprising:
receiving data captured by a reference light detection and range (LIDAR) sensor of the ADV; detecting a plurality of objects in a driving environment of the ADV from the data received by the LIDAR sensor to generate information for the plurality of objects; collecting target LIDAR data captured a target LIDAR sensor of the ADV; and labeling the target LIDAR data using the information for the plurality of objects as ground truth to generate a plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the target LIDAR sensor has a fewer number of rays than the reference LIDAR sensor. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the target LIDAR data comprise data captured by the target LIDAR sensor from a same scene of the driving environment captured by the reference LIDAR sensor. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the information for the plurality of objects comprise an object type for one or more of the plurality of objects and metadata of one or more of the plurality of objects. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data comprise moving objects, non-moving obstacles, and motion information of the moving objects labeled using the metadata. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving sensor data captured by one or more additional sensors of the ADV; and fusing the data captured by the reference LIDAR sensor and the sensor data captured by the one or more additional sensors to generate fused sensor data, and wherein the operations for detecting a plurality of objects in a driving environment of the ADV comprises generating the information for the plurality of objects for a plurality of time points by processing the fused sensor data. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the operations further comprise:
training a set of rules of a neural network using the plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data to detect the plurality of objects. 17. A data processing system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor to store instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to label sensor data captured by an autonomous driving vehicles (ADV), the operations comprising:
receiving data captured by a reference light detection and range (LIDAR) sensor of the ADV;
detecting a plurality of objects in a driving environment of the ADV from the data received by the LIDAR sensor to generate information for the plurality of objects;
collecting target LIDAR data captured a target LIDAR sensor of the ADV; and
labeling the target LIDAR data using the information for the plurality of objects as ground truth to generate a plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data. 18. The data processing system of claim 17, wherein the target LIDAR sensor has a fewer number of rays than the reference LIDAR sensor. 19. The data processing system of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving sensor data captured by one or more additional sensors of the ADV; and fusing the data captured by the reference LIDAR sensor and the sensor data captured by the one or more additional sensors to generate fused sensor data, and wherein the operation for detecting a plurality of objects in a driving environment of the ADV comprises generating the information for the plurality of objects for a plurality of time points by processing the fused sensor data. 20. The data processing system of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
training a set of rules of a neural network using the plurality of labeled objects for the target LIDAR data to detect the plurality of objects. | 2,800 |
339,215 | 16,800,116 | 2,842 | A roll of media having a core encircled by a length of media units adhered to a liner, the roll of media having the liner having a width across a shortest dimension of the liner, a perforation pattern in the liner configured to react to a tear in the liner by redirecting the tear towards a center line of the perforation pattern; the perforation pattern having a plurality of perforated lines in the liner, wherein each perforated line comprises a series of die-cuts, wherein the perforation pattern comprises a center-line perforation and a plurality of perforations on either side of the center-line perforation. | 1. A server comprising:
communications circuitry configured to facilitate communications with a network; and processing circuity configured to:
establish a connection between the apparatus and a printer via the network;
receive data associated with a print job prior to the print job being formatted, wherein the data includes information indicative of a physical location of the printer;
generate a format for the print job based on the physical location of the printer; and
transmit the format to the printer via the network, wherein the printer is to perform a printing operation associated with the print job using the generated format. 2. The server of claim 1, wherein the data includes information specific to an entity associated with the printer, and the processing circuitry is configured to generate a format for the print job by incorporating the information specific to the entity into the print job. 3. A method comprising:
receiving, at a server via a communication circuitry, a connection request from a printer; establishing the requested connection between the server and the printer via a network; receiving, via a processing circuitry, print job data associated with a print job from the printer via the connection prior to the print job being formatted, wherein the print job data includes a physical location of the printer; formatting, via the processing circuitry, the print job based on the physical location received from the printer; and transmitting, via the processing circuitry, the formatted print job to the printer. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the print job data includes information specific to an entity associated with the printer, and formatting the print job comprises incorporating the information specific to the entity into the print job. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the information specific to the entity is a name. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the information specific to the entity is a logo. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the print job data further includes information indicative of a use of the printer, and formatting the print job is based on the use of the printer. 8. The method of claim 3, further comprising, in response to receiving the print job data, retrieving information associated with the received print job data. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein formatting the print job based on the physical location comprises incorporating the retrieved information into the print job. 10. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
authenticating a user based on the print job data; and enabling use of the printer based on the authenticating. 11. A computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions stored therein, the computer-readable program instructions configured to cause a processor of a server to:
receive a connection request from a printer; establish the requested connection between the server and the printer via a network; receive print job data associated with a print job from the printer via the connection prior to the print job being formatted, wherein the print job data includes a physical location of the printer; format the print job based on the physical location received from the printer; and transmit the formatted print job to the printer. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the print job data includes information specific to an entity associated with the printer, and formatting the print job includes incorporating the information specific to the entity into the print job. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the information specific to the entity is a name. 14. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the information specific to the entity is a logo. 15. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the print job data further includes information indicative of a use of the printer, and formatting the print job is based on the use of the printer. 16. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the computer readable program instructions are configured to cause the processor to, in response to receiving the print job data, retrieve information associated with the print job data. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein formatting the print job based on the physical location comprises incorporating the retrieved information into the print job. 18. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the computer readable program instructions are configured to cause the processor to:
authenticate a user based on the print job data; and enable use of the printer based on the authenticating. | A roll of media having a core encircled by a length of media units adhered to a liner, the roll of media having the liner having a width across a shortest dimension of the liner, a perforation pattern in the liner configured to react to a tear in the liner by redirecting the tear towards a center line of the perforation pattern; the perforation pattern having a plurality of perforated lines in the liner, wherein each perforated line comprises a series of die-cuts, wherein the perforation pattern comprises a center-line perforation and a plurality of perforations on either side of the center-line perforation.1. A server comprising:
communications circuitry configured to facilitate communications with a network; and processing circuity configured to:
establish a connection between the apparatus and a printer via the network;
receive data associated with a print job prior to the print job being formatted, wherein the data includes information indicative of a physical location of the printer;
generate a format for the print job based on the physical location of the printer; and
transmit the format to the printer via the network, wherein the printer is to perform a printing operation associated with the print job using the generated format. 2. The server of claim 1, wherein the data includes information specific to an entity associated with the printer, and the processing circuitry is configured to generate a format for the print job by incorporating the information specific to the entity into the print job. 3. A method comprising:
receiving, at a server via a communication circuitry, a connection request from a printer; establishing the requested connection between the server and the printer via a network; receiving, via a processing circuitry, print job data associated with a print job from the printer via the connection prior to the print job being formatted, wherein the print job data includes a physical location of the printer; formatting, via the processing circuitry, the print job based on the physical location received from the printer; and transmitting, via the processing circuitry, the formatted print job to the printer. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the print job data includes information specific to an entity associated with the printer, and formatting the print job comprises incorporating the information specific to the entity into the print job. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the information specific to the entity is a name. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the information specific to the entity is a logo. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the print job data further includes information indicative of a use of the printer, and formatting the print job is based on the use of the printer. 8. The method of claim 3, further comprising, in response to receiving the print job data, retrieving information associated with the received print job data. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein formatting the print job based on the physical location comprises incorporating the retrieved information into the print job. 10. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
authenticating a user based on the print job data; and enabling use of the printer based on the authenticating. 11. A computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions stored therein, the computer-readable program instructions configured to cause a processor of a server to:
receive a connection request from a printer; establish the requested connection between the server and the printer via a network; receive print job data associated with a print job from the printer via the connection prior to the print job being formatted, wherein the print job data includes a physical location of the printer; format the print job based on the physical location received from the printer; and transmit the formatted print job to the printer. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the print job data includes information specific to an entity associated with the printer, and formatting the print job includes incorporating the information specific to the entity into the print job. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the information specific to the entity is a name. 14. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the information specific to the entity is a logo. 15. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the print job data further includes information indicative of a use of the printer, and formatting the print job is based on the use of the printer. 16. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the computer readable program instructions are configured to cause the processor to, in response to receiving the print job data, retrieve information associated with the print job data. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein formatting the print job based on the physical location comprises incorporating the retrieved information into the print job. 18. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the computer readable program instructions are configured to cause the processor to:
authenticate a user based on the print job data; and enable use of the printer based on the authenticating. | 2,800 |
339,216 | 16,800,112 | 2,842 | wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a butyl group. | 1. An electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery, comprising:
lithium difluorophosphate, an oxalic acid ion, and a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1): 2. The electrolyte solution according to claim 1,
wherein the compound (1) is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(oxalato)borate. 3. The electrolyte solution according to claim 1,
wherein the compound (1) is present in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by mass relative to the electrolyte solution. 4. The electrolyte solution according to claim 1,
wherein the lithium difluorophosphate is present in an amount of 0.1 to 2.0% by mass relative to the electrolyte solution. 5. An electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery, comprising:
an imidazolium cation (1-1) represented by the following formula (1-1), a bis(oxalato)borate anion, a difluorophosphate ion, and an oxalic acid ion, the formula (1-1) being: 6. The electrolyte solution according to claim 1,
wherein the oxalic acid ion is present in an amount of 0.5 to 6000 ppm by mass relative to the electrolyte solution. 7. A lithium ion secondary battery comprising the electrolyte solution according to claim 1. 8. A module comprising the lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 7. | wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a butyl group.1. An electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery, comprising:
lithium difluorophosphate, an oxalic acid ion, and a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1): 2. The electrolyte solution according to claim 1,
wherein the compound (1) is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(oxalato)borate. 3. The electrolyte solution according to claim 1,
wherein the compound (1) is present in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by mass relative to the electrolyte solution. 4. The electrolyte solution according to claim 1,
wherein the lithium difluorophosphate is present in an amount of 0.1 to 2.0% by mass relative to the electrolyte solution. 5. An electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery, comprising:
an imidazolium cation (1-1) represented by the following formula (1-1), a bis(oxalato)borate anion, a difluorophosphate ion, and an oxalic acid ion, the formula (1-1) being: 6. The electrolyte solution according to claim 1,
wherein the oxalic acid ion is present in an amount of 0.5 to 6000 ppm by mass relative to the electrolyte solution. 7. A lithium ion secondary battery comprising the electrolyte solution according to claim 1. 8. A module comprising the lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 7. | 2,800 |
339,217 | 16,800,089 | 2,842 | Disclosed herein is a cooking system for cooking food, the system including a housing defining a hollow chamber configured to receive a food container. The housing has an upper portion defining an opening to the hollow chamber. A lid is movable relative to the housing. The lid contacts the housing in a closed position about the upper portion of the housing to close the opening to the hollow chamber. At least one heating element is associated with at least one of said housing and said lid. The cooking system is operable in a plurality of cooking modes including a pressure cooking mode and a dry cooking mode. In the pressure cooking mode, the cooking system is operable as a pressure cooker and in the dry cooking mode, the cooking system is operable as a dry cooker. | 1. A cooking system for cooking food, the system comprising:
a housing defining a hollow chamber configured to receive a food container, said housing having an upper portion defining an opening to said hollow chamber; a food container receivable in said hollow chamber; a lid movable relative to said housing, said lid contacting said housing in a closed position about said upper portion of said housing to close said opening to said hollow chamber; at least one heating element associated with at least one of said housing and said lid; wherein the cooking system is operable in a plurality of cooking modes including a wet cooking mode and a dry cooking mode, wherein in said wet cooking mode the cooking system is operable as a wet cooker and in said dry cooking mode the cooking system is operable as a dry cooker, and wherein said cooking system is operable in said wet cooking mode, and then is operable in said dry cooking mode without having to remove said food container from said hollow chamber. 2. The cooking system of claim 1, further including an insert positionable within said food container, wherein said insert includes a food support surface with a plurality of apertures that allow fluid to flow therethrough. 3. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said cooking system is operable in either of said wet cooking mode and said dry cooking mode when said lid is in said closed position. 4. The cooking system of claim 3, wherein said cooking system is operable in said wet cooking mode when said lid is in an open position, and wherein said cooking system is operable in said dry cooking mode when said lid is in said closed position. 5. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said at least one heating element is a first heating element disposed at or below a lower extent of said hollow chamber, and a second heating element disposed at or above said opening to said hollow chamber. 6. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said at least one heating element is disposed in said lid, and wherein a fan is also disposed in said lid at or above said opening to said hollow chamber. 7. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said at least one lid is a first lid and a second lid, said second lid being attachable to said housing to seal an opening to said food container when said food container is received in said hollow chamber. 8. The cooking system of claim 7, wherein said first lid is movable between an open position and said closed position, and said second lid is attachable to said housing to seal said opening to said food container when said first lid is in said open position. 9. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said insert is positioned in said food container and wherein an annulus is formed between an inner wall of said food container and an outer wall of said insert. 10. The cooking system of claim 9, wherein said insert further comprises a base and an open end, said base being said support surface including said plurality of apertures that allow fluid to flow through said base. 11. The cooking system of claim 9, further including a diffuser disposed in said container, said diffuser including at least one vane configured to impart rotation to fluid circulating through said hollow chamber. 12. The cooking system of claim 10, further including a diffuser disposed beneath said base, said diffuser including at least one vane configured to impart rotation to fluid circulating through said plurality of apertures during said dry cooking mode. 13. The cooking system of claim 12, wherein said insert is positioned in said food container and said food container is positioned in said hollow chamber and further including a fan disposed with said at least one heating element associated with said lid, said fan being positioned to move heated air relatively downward through said annulus, relatively horizontally across a lower surface of said food container, and relatively upward through said diffuser and said plurality of apertures of said base, and wherein said fan is positioned to draw air relatively upward through said insert and through said at least one heating element associated with said lid. 14. The cooking system of claim 10, wherein said food container includes an upward facing lower surface that is curved upward in a direction of an upper opening of said food container, and said diffuser includes a downward facing lower surface that is curved or sloped to conform to said upward facing lower surface of said food container. 15. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said lid abuts said housing about a substantial entirety of said upper surface thereof when said lid is in said closed position, and/or wherein said housing is configured to surround said food container around a substantial entirety of at least a portion thereof when said food container is received within said hollow chamber. | Disclosed herein is a cooking system for cooking food, the system including a housing defining a hollow chamber configured to receive a food container. The housing has an upper portion defining an opening to the hollow chamber. A lid is movable relative to the housing. The lid contacts the housing in a closed position about the upper portion of the housing to close the opening to the hollow chamber. At least one heating element is associated with at least one of said housing and said lid. The cooking system is operable in a plurality of cooking modes including a pressure cooking mode and a dry cooking mode. In the pressure cooking mode, the cooking system is operable as a pressure cooker and in the dry cooking mode, the cooking system is operable as a dry cooker.1. A cooking system for cooking food, the system comprising:
a housing defining a hollow chamber configured to receive a food container, said housing having an upper portion defining an opening to said hollow chamber; a food container receivable in said hollow chamber; a lid movable relative to said housing, said lid contacting said housing in a closed position about said upper portion of said housing to close said opening to said hollow chamber; at least one heating element associated with at least one of said housing and said lid; wherein the cooking system is operable in a plurality of cooking modes including a wet cooking mode and a dry cooking mode, wherein in said wet cooking mode the cooking system is operable as a wet cooker and in said dry cooking mode the cooking system is operable as a dry cooker, and wherein said cooking system is operable in said wet cooking mode, and then is operable in said dry cooking mode without having to remove said food container from said hollow chamber. 2. The cooking system of claim 1, further including an insert positionable within said food container, wherein said insert includes a food support surface with a plurality of apertures that allow fluid to flow therethrough. 3. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said cooking system is operable in either of said wet cooking mode and said dry cooking mode when said lid is in said closed position. 4. The cooking system of claim 3, wherein said cooking system is operable in said wet cooking mode when said lid is in an open position, and wherein said cooking system is operable in said dry cooking mode when said lid is in said closed position. 5. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said at least one heating element is a first heating element disposed at or below a lower extent of said hollow chamber, and a second heating element disposed at or above said opening to said hollow chamber. 6. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said at least one heating element is disposed in said lid, and wherein a fan is also disposed in said lid at or above said opening to said hollow chamber. 7. The cooking system of claim 1, wherein said at least one lid is a first lid and a second lid, said second lid being attachable to said housing to seal an opening to said food container when said food container is received in said hollow chamber. 8. The cooking system of claim 7, wherein said first lid is movable between an open position and said closed position, and said second lid is attachable to said housing to seal said opening to said food container when said first lid is in said open position. 9. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said insert is positioned in said food container and wherein an annulus is formed between an inner wall of said food container and an outer wall of said insert. 10. The cooking system of claim 9, wherein said insert further comprises a base and an open end, said base being said support surface including said plurality of apertures that allow fluid to flow through said base. 11. The cooking system of claim 9, further including a diffuser disposed in said container, said diffuser including at least one vane configured to impart rotation to fluid circulating through said hollow chamber. 12. The cooking system of claim 10, further including a diffuser disposed beneath said base, said diffuser including at least one vane configured to impart rotation to fluid circulating through said plurality of apertures during said dry cooking mode. 13. The cooking system of claim 12, wherein said insert is positioned in said food container and said food container is positioned in said hollow chamber and further including a fan disposed with said at least one heating element associated with said lid, said fan being positioned to move heated air relatively downward through said annulus, relatively horizontally across a lower surface of said food container, and relatively upward through said diffuser and said plurality of apertures of said base, and wherein said fan is positioned to draw air relatively upward through said insert and through said at least one heating element associated with said lid. 14. The cooking system of claim 10, wherein said food container includes an upward facing lower surface that is curved upward in a direction of an upper opening of said food container, and said diffuser includes a downward facing lower surface that is curved or sloped to conform to said upward facing lower surface of said food container. 15. The cooking system of claim 2, wherein said lid abuts said housing about a substantial entirety of said upper surface thereof when said lid is in said closed position, and/or wherein said housing is configured to surround said food container around a substantial entirety of at least a portion thereof when said food container is received within said hollow chamber. | 2,800 |
339,218 | 16,800,133 | 3,711 | An adjustable counterweight for a yo-yo allows for the addition or subtraction of weight plates in a midsection of the counterweight assembly. The counterweight includes a first portion having at least one post, a second portion having at least one post, at least one weight plate having at least one aperture, and a bore that extends through the first portion and the second portion, and is configured to receive a fastener. The at least one weight plate is disposed between the first portion and the second portion. | 1. A counterweight for a rotatable performance device, the counterweight comprising:
a first portion; a second portion that is configured to be attached to the first portion; a groove formed on the first portion and the second portion; and a bore configured to receive a fastener, the bore extending through the first portion and the second portion, wherein the groove is configured to receive a portion of a string. 2. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein the bore is centrally located on each of the first and second portions. 3. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein the groove extends along three sides of the first portion. 4. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein the groove extends along three sides of the second portion. 5. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein the groove of the first portion is configured to be aligned with the groove of the second portion. 6. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein the first portion further comprises:
a top surface; a channel extending through the top surface; and a plurality of posts protruding from the top surface. 7. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein the second portion further comprises:
a bottom surface; a key extending from the bottom surface; and a plurality of posts extending from the bottom surface. 8. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein at least one weight plate is received between the first and second portions. 9. A counterweight for a rotatable performance device, the counterweight comprising:
a first portion having at least one post; a second portion having at least one post; at least one weight plate having at least one aperture; and a bore that extends through the first portion and the second portion, and is configured to receive a fastener, wherein the at least one weight plate is disposed between the first portion and the second portion. 10. The counterweight of claim 9, wherein the at least one aperture of the weight plate is configured to receive the at least one post of the first portion or the second portion. 11. The counterweight of claim 9, wherein the first portion further comprises:
a top surface; a central wall extending from the top surface and defining a channel; a chamber disposed within the channel; and a groove extending along a first side. 12. The counterweight of claim 11, wherein the second portion further comprises:
a bottom surface; a key extending from the bottom surface, wherein the key includes at least one end wall; and a groove extending along a second side. 13. The counterweight of claim 12, wherein the channel of the first portion receives the key of the second portion in an assembled configuration. 14. The counterweight of claim 9, wherein a first groove formed on the first portion is configured to be aligned with a second groove formed on the second portion. 15. A counterweight for a rotatable performance device, the counterweight comprising:
a first portion including a first groove; a second portion including a second groove that is arranged to be aligned with the first groove; and at least one weight plate having a recessed surface defining at least one aperture, wherein the at least one weight plate is selectively engaged with the first portion and the second portion. 16. The counterweight of claim 15, wherein the first groove and the second groove are configured to receive a string. 17. The counterweight of claim 15, wherein a bore extends through the first portion, the second portion, and the weight plate. 18. The counterweight of claim 17, wherein the bore is configured to receive a bolt and a nut. 19. The counterweight of claim 15, wherein the first portion further includes a first plurality of posts arranged on a top surface and the second portion further includes a second plurality of posts arranged on a bottom surface. 20. The counterweight of claim 19, wherein the recessed surface of the at least one weight plate is selectively configurable to contact either the first plurality of posts or the second plurality of posts, or both. | An adjustable counterweight for a yo-yo allows for the addition or subtraction of weight plates in a midsection of the counterweight assembly. The counterweight includes a first portion having at least one post, a second portion having at least one post, at least one weight plate having at least one aperture, and a bore that extends through the first portion and the second portion, and is configured to receive a fastener. The at least one weight plate is disposed between the first portion and the second portion.1. A counterweight for a rotatable performance device, the counterweight comprising:
a first portion; a second portion that is configured to be attached to the first portion; a groove formed on the first portion and the second portion; and a bore configured to receive a fastener, the bore extending through the first portion and the second portion, wherein the groove is configured to receive a portion of a string. 2. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein the bore is centrally located on each of the first and second portions. 3. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein the groove extends along three sides of the first portion. 4. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein the groove extends along three sides of the second portion. 5. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein the groove of the first portion is configured to be aligned with the groove of the second portion. 6. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein the first portion further comprises:
a top surface; a channel extending through the top surface; and a plurality of posts protruding from the top surface. 7. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein the second portion further comprises:
a bottom surface; a key extending from the bottom surface; and a plurality of posts extending from the bottom surface. 8. The counterweight of claim 1, wherein at least one weight plate is received between the first and second portions. 9. A counterweight for a rotatable performance device, the counterweight comprising:
a first portion having at least one post; a second portion having at least one post; at least one weight plate having at least one aperture; and a bore that extends through the first portion and the second portion, and is configured to receive a fastener, wherein the at least one weight plate is disposed between the first portion and the second portion. 10. The counterweight of claim 9, wherein the at least one aperture of the weight plate is configured to receive the at least one post of the first portion or the second portion. 11. The counterweight of claim 9, wherein the first portion further comprises:
a top surface; a central wall extending from the top surface and defining a channel; a chamber disposed within the channel; and a groove extending along a first side. 12. The counterweight of claim 11, wherein the second portion further comprises:
a bottom surface; a key extending from the bottom surface, wherein the key includes at least one end wall; and a groove extending along a second side. 13. The counterweight of claim 12, wherein the channel of the first portion receives the key of the second portion in an assembled configuration. 14. The counterweight of claim 9, wherein a first groove formed on the first portion is configured to be aligned with a second groove formed on the second portion. 15. A counterweight for a rotatable performance device, the counterweight comprising:
a first portion including a first groove; a second portion including a second groove that is arranged to be aligned with the first groove; and at least one weight plate having a recessed surface defining at least one aperture, wherein the at least one weight plate is selectively engaged with the first portion and the second portion. 16. The counterweight of claim 15, wherein the first groove and the second groove are configured to receive a string. 17. The counterweight of claim 15, wherein a bore extends through the first portion, the second portion, and the weight plate. 18. The counterweight of claim 17, wherein the bore is configured to receive a bolt and a nut. 19. The counterweight of claim 15, wherein the first portion further includes a first plurality of posts arranged on a top surface and the second portion further includes a second plurality of posts arranged on a bottom surface. 20. The counterweight of claim 19, wherein the recessed surface of the at least one weight plate is selectively configurable to contact either the first plurality of posts or the second plurality of posts, or both. | 3,700 |
339,219 | 16,800,055 | 3,711 | The present application describes a method, system, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for end-to-end encryption during a secure communication session. According to the present disclosure, a first device initializes a secure communication session with at least one second device. Initializing the secure communication session includes transmitting an invitation to a secure communication session to the at least one second device. The at least one second device may generate a transmission root key, which may be used to derive a first key for encrypting data transmitted to the first device and a second key for decrypting received data from the first device. The at least one second device may transmit the transmission root key to the first device, which may use the transmission root key to derive a first key to encrypt data transmitted to the at least one second device and a second key to decrypt data received from the at least one second device. | 1. A method comprising:
initializing, by a first device, a secure communication session with at least one second device; receiving, by the first device, a transmission root key from the at least one second device; deriving, by the first device, a first encryption key, wherein the first encryption key is configured to encrypt data transmitted by the first device; deriving, by the first device, a second encryption key, wherein the second encryption key is configured to decrypt data received from the at least one second device; encrypting, by the first device and using the first encryption key, first data; transmitting, from the first device to the at least one second device, the encrypted first data; receiving, by the first device from the at least one second device, encrypted second data; decrypting, by the first device and using the second encryption key, the encrypted second data; and providing, by the first device, the second data to a user of the first device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein initializing the secure communication session includes transmitting, from the first device, an invitation to a secure communication session to the at least one second device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein deriving the first encryption key further comprises:
inputting the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the first encryption key. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein deriving the second encryption key further comprises:
inputting the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the second encryption key. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 7. A method comprising:
receiving, by a first device, an invitation to a secure communication session from a second device; generating, by the first device, a transmission root key; transmitting, by the first device and to the second device, the transmission root key; deriving, by the first device, a first encryption key, wherein the first encryption key is configured to encrypt data transmitted by the first device; deriving, by the first device, a second encryption key, wherein the second encryption key is configured to decrypt data received from the at least one second device; encrypting, by the first device and using the first encryption key, first data; transmitting, from the first device to the at least one second device, the encrypted first data; receiving, by the first device from the at least one second device, encrypted second data; decrypting, by the first device and using the second encryption key, the encrypted second data; and providing, by the first device, the second data to a user of the first device. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein deriving the first encryption key further comprises:
inputting the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the first encryption key. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein deriving the second encryption key further comprises:
inputting the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the second encryption key. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 12. A system comprising:
a first device comprising:
one or more first processors;
memory storing first instructions, that when executed by the one or more first processors, cause the first device to:
transmit a request to initialize a secure communication session to a second device;
receive a transmission root key from the second device;
derive a first encryption key, wherein the first encryption key is configured to encrypt data transmitted by the first device;
derive a second encryption key, wherein the second encryption key is configured to decrypt data received from the second device;
encrypt, using the first encryption key, first data;
transmit the encrypted first data to the second device;
receive encrypted second data from the second device;
decrypt, using the second encryption key, the encrypted second data; and
provide the second data to a first user of the first device;
the second device comprising:
one or more second processors;
memory storing second instructions, that when executed by the one or more second processors, cause the second device to:
receive the request to initialize the secure communication session from the first device;
generate a transmission root key;
transmit the transmission root key to the first device;
derive the first encryption key;
derive the second encryption key;
encrypting the second data using the second encryption key;
transmit the encrypted second data to the first device;
receive the encrypted first data;
decrypt the encrypted first data using the first encryption key; and
provide the first data to a second user of the second device. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first instructions cause the first device to:
input the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the first encryption key. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the first instructions cause the first device to:
input the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the second encryption key. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the second instructions cause the second device to:
input the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the first encryption key. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the second instructions cause the second device to:
input the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the second encryption key. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. | The present application describes a method, system, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for end-to-end encryption during a secure communication session. According to the present disclosure, a first device initializes a secure communication session with at least one second device. Initializing the secure communication session includes transmitting an invitation to a secure communication session to the at least one second device. The at least one second device may generate a transmission root key, which may be used to derive a first key for encrypting data transmitted to the first device and a second key for decrypting received data from the first device. The at least one second device may transmit the transmission root key to the first device, which may use the transmission root key to derive a first key to encrypt data transmitted to the at least one second device and a second key to decrypt data received from the at least one second device.1. A method comprising:
initializing, by a first device, a secure communication session with at least one second device; receiving, by the first device, a transmission root key from the at least one second device; deriving, by the first device, a first encryption key, wherein the first encryption key is configured to encrypt data transmitted by the first device; deriving, by the first device, a second encryption key, wherein the second encryption key is configured to decrypt data received from the at least one second device; encrypting, by the first device and using the first encryption key, first data; transmitting, from the first device to the at least one second device, the encrypted first data; receiving, by the first device from the at least one second device, encrypted second data; decrypting, by the first device and using the second encryption key, the encrypted second data; and providing, by the first device, the second data to a user of the first device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein initializing the secure communication session includes transmitting, from the first device, an invitation to a secure communication session to the at least one second device. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein deriving the first encryption key further comprises:
inputting the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the first encryption key. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein deriving the second encryption key further comprises:
inputting the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the second encryption key. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 7. A method comprising:
receiving, by a first device, an invitation to a secure communication session from a second device; generating, by the first device, a transmission root key; transmitting, by the first device and to the second device, the transmission root key; deriving, by the first device, a first encryption key, wherein the first encryption key is configured to encrypt data transmitted by the first device; deriving, by the first device, a second encryption key, wherein the second encryption key is configured to decrypt data received from the at least one second device; encrypting, by the first device and using the first encryption key, first data; transmitting, from the first device to the at least one second device, the encrypted first data; receiving, by the first device from the at least one second device, encrypted second data; decrypting, by the first device and using the second encryption key, the encrypted second data; and providing, by the first device, the second data to a user of the first device. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein deriving the first encryption key further comprises:
inputting the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the first encryption key. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein deriving the second encryption key further comprises:
inputting the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the second encryption key. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 12. A system comprising:
a first device comprising:
one or more first processors;
memory storing first instructions, that when executed by the one or more first processors, cause the first device to:
transmit a request to initialize a secure communication session to a second device;
receive a transmission root key from the second device;
derive a first encryption key, wherein the first encryption key is configured to encrypt data transmitted by the first device;
derive a second encryption key, wherein the second encryption key is configured to decrypt data received from the second device;
encrypt, using the first encryption key, first data;
transmit the encrypted first data to the second device;
receive encrypted second data from the second device;
decrypt, using the second encryption key, the encrypted second data; and
provide the second data to a first user of the first device;
the second device comprising:
one or more second processors;
memory storing second instructions, that when executed by the one or more second processors, cause the second device to:
receive the request to initialize the secure communication session from the first device;
generate a transmission root key;
transmit the transmission root key to the first device;
derive the first encryption key;
derive the second encryption key;
encrypting the second data using the second encryption key;
transmit the encrypted second data to the first device;
receive the encrypted first data;
decrypt the encrypted first data using the first encryption key; and
provide the first data to a second user of the second device. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first instructions cause the first device to:
input the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the first encryption key. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the first instructions cause the first device to:
input the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the second encryption key. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the second instructions cause the second device to:
input the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the first encryption key. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. 19. The system of claim 12, wherein the second instructions cause the second device to:
input the transmission root key, a first seed value, a second seed value, and a third seed value into a key derivation function to derive the second encryption key. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the key derivation function comprises a hash-based key derivation function. | 3,700 |
339,220 | 16,800,095 | 3,711 | Aspects of this disclosure provide techniques for detecting and recovering from beam-failure events. In some embodiments, motion sensor information generated by motion sensors on a UE is used to detect, predict, and/or recover from a beam failure event that results, or would otherwise result, from movement of the UE. The motion sensor information may be used to adjust a current beam direction used by the UE to transmit or receive a signal, or to determine a recommendation for adjusting a current beam direction of the base station. The motion sensor information may be generated by any sensor that detects a movement of the UE, such as a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) sensor, or any other device that detects a change in position/orientation of the UE. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a user equipment (UE), one or more downlink reference signals from a first base station over a first carrier frequency; 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the PRACH transmission indicates a recommendation for a new beam direction for the first base station to use for data transmissions to the UE. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the PRACH transmission indicates a recommendation to initiate a beam management procedure. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the PRACH transmission to initiate the beam failure recovery responsive to the beam failure event includes transmitting the PRACH transmission over a PRACH resource element (RE) that is uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the PRACH RE is a UE-specific RE. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the PRACH transmission to initiate the beam failure recovery responsive to the beam failure event includes transmitting the PRACH transmission using a preamble that is uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the preamble is a UE-specific preamble. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the PRACH transmission is received over a second carrier frequency that is different than the first carrier frequency. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the PRACH transmission is transmitted to the first base station. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the PRACH transmission is transmitted to a second base station that is different than the first base station. 11. An user equipment (UE) comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming including instructions to: receive one or more downlink reference signals from a first base station over a first carrier frequency; detect a beam failure event associated with one or more beams based on measurement of the one or more downlink reference signals; and based thereon to transmit a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission to initiate beam failure recovery responsive to the beam failure event. 12. The UE of claim 11, wherein the PRACH transmission indicates a recommendation for a new beam direction for the first base station to use for data transmissions to the UE. 13. The UE of claim 11, wherein the PRACH transmission indicates a recommendation to initiate a beam management procedure. 14. The UE of claim 11, wherein the instructions to transmit the PRACH transmission to initiate the beam failure recovery responsive to the beam failure event include instructions to transmit the PRACH transmission over a PRACH resource element (RE) that is uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 15. The UE of claim 14, wherein the PRACH RE is a UE-specific RE. 16. The UE of claim 11, wherein the instructions to transmit the PRACH transmission to initiate the beam failure recovery responsive to the beam failure event include instructions to transmit the PRACH transmission using a preamble that is uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 17. The UE of claim 16, wherein the preamble is a UE-specific preamble. 18. The UE of claim 11, wherein the PRACH transmission is transmitted over a second carrier frequency that is different than the first carrier frequency. 19. The UE of claim 11, wherein the PRACH transmission is transmitted to the first base station. 20. The UE of claim 11, wherein the PRACH transmission is transmitted over a second carrier frequency that is different than the first carrier frequency. 21. A method comprising:
transmitting, by a base station, one or more downlink reference signals to a user equipment (UE) over a first carrier frequency using a first beam direction; receiving and decoding, by the base station, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission of the UE; and based thereon initiating, by the base station, a beam failure recovery procedure responsive to a beam failure event for the first beam direction indicated by the PRACH transmission of the UE, the beam failure event for the first beam direction detected by the UE based on measurements of the one or more downlink reference signals. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the PRACH transmission is received over a PRACH resource element (RE) that is uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the PRACH RE is a UE-specific RE. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein decoding the PRACH transmission comprises identifying a preamble used to transmit the PRACH transmission, the preamble being uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the preamble is a UE-specific preamble. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the PRACH transmission is received over a second carrier frequency that is different than the first carrier frequency. 27. A base station comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming including instructions to: transmit one or more downlink reference signals to a user equipment (UE) over a first carrier frequency using a first beam direction; receive and decode a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission of the UE; and based thereon initiate a beam failure recovery procedure responsive to a beam failure event for the first beam direction and indicated by the PRACH transmission of the UE, the beam failure event for the first beam direction detected by the UE based on measurements of the one or more downlink reference signals. 28. The base station of claim 27, wherein the PRACH transmission is received over a PRACH resource element (RE) that is uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 29. The base station of claim 28, wherein the PRACH RE is a UE-specific RE. 30. The base station of claim 27, wherein the instructions to decode the PRACH transmission include instructions to identify a preamble used to transmit the PRACH transmission, the preamble being uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 31. The base station of claim 30, wherein the preamble is a UE-specific preamble. 32. The base station of claim 27, wherein the PRACH transmission is received over a second carrier frequency that is different than the first carrier frequency. | Aspects of this disclosure provide techniques for detecting and recovering from beam-failure events. In some embodiments, motion sensor information generated by motion sensors on a UE is used to detect, predict, and/or recover from a beam failure event that results, or would otherwise result, from movement of the UE. The motion sensor information may be used to adjust a current beam direction used by the UE to transmit or receive a signal, or to determine a recommendation for adjusting a current beam direction of the base station. The motion sensor information may be generated by any sensor that detects a movement of the UE, such as a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) sensor, or any other device that detects a change in position/orientation of the UE.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a user equipment (UE), one or more downlink reference signals from a first base station over a first carrier frequency; 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the PRACH transmission indicates a recommendation for a new beam direction for the first base station to use for data transmissions to the UE. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the PRACH transmission indicates a recommendation to initiate a beam management procedure. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the PRACH transmission to initiate the beam failure recovery responsive to the beam failure event includes transmitting the PRACH transmission over a PRACH resource element (RE) that is uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the PRACH RE is a UE-specific RE. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the PRACH transmission to initiate the beam failure recovery responsive to the beam failure event includes transmitting the PRACH transmission using a preamble that is uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the preamble is a UE-specific preamble. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the PRACH transmission is received over a second carrier frequency that is different than the first carrier frequency. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the PRACH transmission is transmitted to the first base station. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the PRACH transmission is transmitted to a second base station that is different than the first base station. 11. An user equipment (UE) comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming including instructions to: receive one or more downlink reference signals from a first base station over a first carrier frequency; detect a beam failure event associated with one or more beams based on measurement of the one or more downlink reference signals; and based thereon to transmit a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission to initiate beam failure recovery responsive to the beam failure event. 12. The UE of claim 11, wherein the PRACH transmission indicates a recommendation for a new beam direction for the first base station to use for data transmissions to the UE. 13. The UE of claim 11, wherein the PRACH transmission indicates a recommendation to initiate a beam management procedure. 14. The UE of claim 11, wherein the instructions to transmit the PRACH transmission to initiate the beam failure recovery responsive to the beam failure event include instructions to transmit the PRACH transmission over a PRACH resource element (RE) that is uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 15. The UE of claim 14, wherein the PRACH RE is a UE-specific RE. 16. The UE of claim 11, wherein the instructions to transmit the PRACH transmission to initiate the beam failure recovery responsive to the beam failure event include instructions to transmit the PRACH transmission using a preamble that is uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 17. The UE of claim 16, wherein the preamble is a UE-specific preamble. 18. The UE of claim 11, wherein the PRACH transmission is transmitted over a second carrier frequency that is different than the first carrier frequency. 19. The UE of claim 11, wherein the PRACH transmission is transmitted to the first base station. 20. The UE of claim 11, wherein the PRACH transmission is transmitted over a second carrier frequency that is different than the first carrier frequency. 21. A method comprising:
transmitting, by a base station, one or more downlink reference signals to a user equipment (UE) over a first carrier frequency using a first beam direction; receiving and decoding, by the base station, a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission of the UE; and based thereon initiating, by the base station, a beam failure recovery procedure responsive to a beam failure event for the first beam direction indicated by the PRACH transmission of the UE, the beam failure event for the first beam direction detected by the UE based on measurements of the one or more downlink reference signals. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the PRACH transmission is received over a PRACH resource element (RE) that is uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the PRACH RE is a UE-specific RE. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein decoding the PRACH transmission comprises identifying a preamble used to transmit the PRACH transmission, the preamble being uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the preamble is a UE-specific preamble. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the PRACH transmission is received over a second carrier frequency that is different than the first carrier frequency. 27. A base station comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming including instructions to: transmit one or more downlink reference signals to a user equipment (UE) over a first carrier frequency using a first beam direction; receive and decode a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission of the UE; and based thereon initiate a beam failure recovery procedure responsive to a beam failure event for the first beam direction and indicated by the PRACH transmission of the UE, the beam failure event for the first beam direction detected by the UE based on measurements of the one or more downlink reference signals. 28. The base station of claim 27, wherein the PRACH transmission is received over a PRACH resource element (RE) that is uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 29. The base station of claim 28, wherein the PRACH RE is a UE-specific RE. 30. The base station of claim 27, wherein the instructions to decode the PRACH transmission include instructions to identify a preamble used to transmit the PRACH transmission, the preamble being uniquely associated with, or otherwise assigned to, the beam failure event or a beam failure recovery procedure. 31. The base station of claim 30, wherein the preamble is a UE-specific preamble. 32. The base station of claim 27, wherein the PRACH transmission is received over a second carrier frequency that is different than the first carrier frequency. | 3,700 |
339,221 | 16,800,104 | 3,711 | and an organic light-emitting device including the same are provided. | 1. A heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1: 2. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein X11 to X18 and X21 to X28 are each not N, and one or two of X11 to X18 and X21 to X28 are each N. 3. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein ring A3 to ring A5 are each independently a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indene group, a pyrrole group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a carbazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, an isobenzothiophene group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a dibenzofuran group, or a dibenzothiophene group. 4. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein ring A3 to ring A5 are each independently a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, or a triazine group. 5. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein
L11 is one of Formulae O-1 to O-6, L12 is one of Formulae M-1 to M-9 and P-1 to P-5, and L13 is one of Formulae O-1 to O-6, M-1 to M-9, and P-1 to P-5: 6. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein R11 to R18, R21 to R28, R30, R40, and R50 are each independently
hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, or a C1-C20 alkoxy group; a C1-C20 alkyl group or a C1-C20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, or a triazinyl group; a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, an imidazopyridimidinyl group, or an imidazopyridinyl group; or a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, an imidazopyridimidinyl group, or an imidazopyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C2-C20 alkynyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, or a quinazolinyl group, and at least one of R30, R40, or R50 is a cyano group. 7. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein R11 to R18, R21 to R28, R30, R40, and R50 are each independently
hydrogen, deuterium, a cyano group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, or a C1-C20 alkoxy group; a C1-C20 alkyl group or a C1-C20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, a cyano group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group; a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group; or a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, a cyano group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, or at least one of R30, R40, or R50 is a cyano group. 8. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein R30, R40, and R50 are each independently hydrogen or a cyano group, and at least one of R30, R40, or R50 is a cyano group. 9. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein the number of cyano groups comprised in the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is 1 to 4. 10. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein R11 to R18 and R21 to R28 are not each a cyano group, or one or two of R11 to R18 and R21 to R28 are each a cyano group; one, two, or three of R30, R40, and R50 are each a cyano group; and the number of cyano groups comprised in the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is 1 to 4. 11. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-6: 12. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is of Compounds 152, 224, 404, 582, 670, 813, 857, 2168, and 2451: 13. An organic light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer comprising an emission layer and at least one of the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 of claim 1. 14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 13, wherein the first electrode is an anode, the second electrode is a cathode, the organic layer comprises a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the hole transport region comprises at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or an electron blocking layer, and the electron transport region comprises at least one of a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, or an electron injection layer. 15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 14, wherein the emission layer comprises the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 15, wherein the emission layer comprises a host and a dopant, and the host comprises the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1, wherein a content of the host is greater than a content of the dopant. 17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 15, wherein the emission layer emits blue light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 410 nanometers (nm) to 490 nm. 18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 14, wherein the hole transport region comprises the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 19. The organic light-emitting device of claim 14, wherein the electron transport region comprises the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 20. The organic light-emitting device of claim 14, wherein the electron transport region comprises a hole blocking layer, the hole blocking layer is in direct contact with the emission layer, and the hole blocking layer comprises the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1. | and an organic light-emitting device including the same are provided.1. A heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1: 2. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein X11 to X18 and X21 to X28 are each not N, and one or two of X11 to X18 and X21 to X28 are each N. 3. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein ring A3 to ring A5 are each independently a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indene group, a pyrrole group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a carbazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, an isobenzothiophene group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a dibenzofuran group, or a dibenzothiophene group. 4. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein ring A3 to ring A5 are each independently a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, or a triazine group. 5. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein
L11 is one of Formulae O-1 to O-6, L12 is one of Formulae M-1 to M-9 and P-1 to P-5, and L13 is one of Formulae O-1 to O-6, M-1 to M-9, and P-1 to P-5: 6. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein R11 to R18, R21 to R28, R30, R40, and R50 are each independently
hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, or a C1-C20 alkoxy group; a C1-C20 alkyl group or a C1-C20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, or a triazinyl group; a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, an imidazopyridimidinyl group, or an imidazopyridinyl group; or a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, an imidazopyridimidinyl group, or an imidazopyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C2-C20 alkynyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, or a quinazolinyl group, and at least one of R30, R40, or R50 is a cyano group. 7. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein R11 to R18, R21 to R28, R30, R40, and R50 are each independently
hydrogen, deuterium, a cyano group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, or a C1-C20 alkoxy group; a C1-C20 alkyl group or a C1-C20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, a cyano group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group; a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group; or a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, a cyano group, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, or at least one of R30, R40, or R50 is a cyano group. 8. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein R30, R40, and R50 are each independently hydrogen or a cyano group, and at least one of R30, R40, or R50 is a cyano group. 9. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein the number of cyano groups comprised in the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is 1 to 4. 10. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein R11 to R18 and R21 to R28 are not each a cyano group, or one or two of R11 to R18 and R21 to R28 are each a cyano group; one, two, or three of R30, R40, and R50 are each a cyano group; and the number of cyano groups comprised in the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is 1 to 4. 11. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-6: 12. The heterocyclic compound of claim 1, wherein the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is of Compounds 152, 224, 404, 582, 670, 813, 857, 2168, and 2451: 13. An organic light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer comprising an emission layer and at least one of the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 of claim 1. 14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 13, wherein the first electrode is an anode, the second electrode is a cathode, the organic layer comprises a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the hole transport region comprises at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or an electron blocking layer, and the electron transport region comprises at least one of a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, or an electron injection layer. 15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 14, wherein the emission layer comprises the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 15, wherein the emission layer comprises a host and a dopant, and the host comprises the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1, wherein a content of the host is greater than a content of the dopant. 17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 15, wherein the emission layer emits blue light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 410 nanometers (nm) to 490 nm. 18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 14, wherein the hole transport region comprises the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 19. The organic light-emitting device of claim 14, wherein the electron transport region comprises the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1. 20. The organic light-emitting device of claim 14, wherein the electron transport region comprises a hole blocking layer, the hole blocking layer is in direct contact with the emission layer, and the hole blocking layer comprises the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1. | 3,700 |
339,222 | 16,800,094 | 3,711 | An article of footwear includes a sole structure and an upper that is attached to the sole structure. The upper defines a cavity that is configured to receive a foot of a wearer. The upper is at least partially defined by a textile. The textile includes a first area that is substantially smooth. The first area defines a reference boundary that conforms to the cavity. The textile includes a second area. The second area includes a plurality of projection structures that project away from the reference boundary and outwardly from the cavity at varying heights. The second area includes a plurality of recess structures that recess away from the reference boundary and inwardly toward the cavity. The plurality of projection structures and the plurality of recess structures are in an alternating arrangement across the textile. | 1. An upper for an article of footwear having a sole structure, the upper comprising:
a smooth area; a textured area disposed adjacent to the smooth area and including alternating projections and recesses that extend across the upper, each projection extending away from a foot-receiving cavity of the upper to a respective apex and defining a respective height between a co-extensive reference boundary of the smooth area and the respective apex, and each recess extending toward the cavity to a respective nadir and defining a respective depth between the co-extensive reference boundary of the smooth area and the respective nadir; and a skin layer extending over adjacent ones of the projections and recesses. 2. The upper of claim 1, wherein at least one projection has a different height than others of the projections. 3. The upper of claim 1, wherein heights of the projections gradually increase as the projections extend away from a throat of the upper and toward a distal end of the upper. 4. The upper of claim 1, wherein at least one recess has a different depth than others of the recesses. 5. The upper of claim 1, wherein depths of the recesses gradually increase as the recesses extend away from a throat of the upper and toward a distal end of the upper. 6. The upper of claim 1, wherein the skin layer is spaced apart from the projections and the recesses. 7. The upper of claim 1, wherein the skin layer is in contact with the projections and the recesses. 8. The upper of claim 1, wherein the skin layer is discontinuous. 9. The upper of claim 8, wherein the skin layer is in contact with at least one projection of the projections and is in contact with at least one recess of the recesses, the at least one projection spaced apart from the at least one recess. 10. An article of footwear incorporating the upper of claim 1. 11. An upper for an article of footwear having a sole structure, the upper comprising:
a smooth area; a textured area disposed adjacent to the smooth area and including alternating projections and recesses that extend across the upper, each projection extending away from a foot-receiving cavity of the upper to a respective apex and defining a respective height between a co-extensive reference boundary of the smooth area and the respective apex, and each recess extending toward the cavity to a respective nadir and defining a respective depth between the co-extensive reference boundary of the smooth area and the respective nadir; and a skin layer extending over a first projection of the projections and extending over a first recess of the recesses. 12. The upper of claim 11, wherein at least one projection has a different height than others of the projections. 13. The upper of claim 11, wherein heights of the projections gradually increase as the projections extend away from a throat of the upper and toward a distal end of the upper. 14. The upper of claim 11, wherein at least one recess has a different depth than others of the recesses. 15. The upper of claim 11, wherein depths of the recesses gradually increase as the recesses extend away from a throat of the upper and toward a distal end of the upper. 16. The upper of claim 11, wherein the skin layer is spaced apart from the first projection and the first recess. 17. The upper of claim 11, wherein the skin layer is in contact with the first projection and the first recess. 18. The upper of claim 11, wherein the skin layer is discontinuous. 19. The upper of claim 18, wherein the skin layer is in contact with the first projection and is in contact with the first recess, the first projection being disposed adjacent to the first recess. 20. An article of footwear incorporating the upper of claim 11. | An article of footwear includes a sole structure and an upper that is attached to the sole structure. The upper defines a cavity that is configured to receive a foot of a wearer. The upper is at least partially defined by a textile. The textile includes a first area that is substantially smooth. The first area defines a reference boundary that conforms to the cavity. The textile includes a second area. The second area includes a plurality of projection structures that project away from the reference boundary and outwardly from the cavity at varying heights. The second area includes a plurality of recess structures that recess away from the reference boundary and inwardly toward the cavity. The plurality of projection structures and the plurality of recess structures are in an alternating arrangement across the textile.1. An upper for an article of footwear having a sole structure, the upper comprising:
a smooth area; a textured area disposed adjacent to the smooth area and including alternating projections and recesses that extend across the upper, each projection extending away from a foot-receiving cavity of the upper to a respective apex and defining a respective height between a co-extensive reference boundary of the smooth area and the respective apex, and each recess extending toward the cavity to a respective nadir and defining a respective depth between the co-extensive reference boundary of the smooth area and the respective nadir; and a skin layer extending over adjacent ones of the projections and recesses. 2. The upper of claim 1, wherein at least one projection has a different height than others of the projections. 3. The upper of claim 1, wherein heights of the projections gradually increase as the projections extend away from a throat of the upper and toward a distal end of the upper. 4. The upper of claim 1, wherein at least one recess has a different depth than others of the recesses. 5. The upper of claim 1, wherein depths of the recesses gradually increase as the recesses extend away from a throat of the upper and toward a distal end of the upper. 6. The upper of claim 1, wherein the skin layer is spaced apart from the projections and the recesses. 7. The upper of claim 1, wherein the skin layer is in contact with the projections and the recesses. 8. The upper of claim 1, wherein the skin layer is discontinuous. 9. The upper of claim 8, wherein the skin layer is in contact with at least one projection of the projections and is in contact with at least one recess of the recesses, the at least one projection spaced apart from the at least one recess. 10. An article of footwear incorporating the upper of claim 1. 11. An upper for an article of footwear having a sole structure, the upper comprising:
a smooth area; a textured area disposed adjacent to the smooth area and including alternating projections and recesses that extend across the upper, each projection extending away from a foot-receiving cavity of the upper to a respective apex and defining a respective height between a co-extensive reference boundary of the smooth area and the respective apex, and each recess extending toward the cavity to a respective nadir and defining a respective depth between the co-extensive reference boundary of the smooth area and the respective nadir; and a skin layer extending over a first projection of the projections and extending over a first recess of the recesses. 12. The upper of claim 11, wherein at least one projection has a different height than others of the projections. 13. The upper of claim 11, wherein heights of the projections gradually increase as the projections extend away from a throat of the upper and toward a distal end of the upper. 14. The upper of claim 11, wherein at least one recess has a different depth than others of the recesses. 15. The upper of claim 11, wherein depths of the recesses gradually increase as the recesses extend away from a throat of the upper and toward a distal end of the upper. 16. The upper of claim 11, wherein the skin layer is spaced apart from the first projection and the first recess. 17. The upper of claim 11, wherein the skin layer is in contact with the first projection and the first recess. 18. The upper of claim 11, wherein the skin layer is discontinuous. 19. The upper of claim 18, wherein the skin layer is in contact with the first projection and is in contact with the first recess, the first projection being disposed adjacent to the first recess. 20. An article of footwear incorporating the upper of claim 11. | 3,700 |
339,223 | 16,800,093 | 3,711 | A reinforced pipe and a method of preparing the reinforced pipe are provided. The reinforced pipe has repair area where a wrinkle bend is present in a center section of the repair area. The reinforced pipe comprises a unidirectional fabric circumferentially wrapped around the repair area of the pipe so as to result in multiple layers of the unidirectional fabric around the repair area. The unidirectional fabric is composed of high-performance fibers with at least 90% of the high-performance fibers oriented in the 90° direction, and the unidirectional fabric is wrapped such that the high-performance fibers run in the axial direction. The reinforced pipe further comprises a bidirectional fabric wrapped of over the unidirectional fabric such the at least one layer of bidirectional fabric is wrapped over the unidirectional fabric. | 1. A reinforced pipe comprising:
a pipe having an axial direction and a circumferential direction with a wrinkle bend in a repair area; and at least one layer of a unidirectional fabric circumferentially wrapped around the repair area, wherein the unidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length and a 90° direction corresponding to the width, and wherein the unidirectional fabric comprising a first type of fibers with at least 90% oriented in the 90° direction, and wherein the first type of fibers are oriented in the axial direction. 2. The reinforced pipe of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one layer of a bidirectional fabric wrapped over the unidirectional fabric. 3. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein layers of unidirectional fabric and layers of bidirectional fabric are the total layers of fabric around the repair areas, and wherein the unidirectional fabric is at least 70% of the total layers of fabric over the wrinkle bend. 4. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the unidirectional fabric and the bidirectional fabric are wrapped with a resin. 5. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 60% of the total layers of fabric, the bidirectional fabric makes up at least 20% of the total layers of fabric, outside wrinkle bend in the repair area. 6. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 75% of the total layers of fabric over the wrinkle bend, and wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 65% of the total layers of fabric, and the bidirectional fabric makes up at least 30% of the total layers of fabric outside the wrinkle bend in the repair area. 7. The reinforced pipe of claim 6, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 80% of the total layers of fabric at the wrinkle bend. 8. The reinforced pipe of claim 1, wherein the unidirectional fabric is wrapped around the repair area in multiple strips, and each strip provides at least two layers when wrapped circumferentially around the pipe. 9. The reinforced pipe of claim 8, wherein every other strip of the unidirectional fabric is offset from the preceding layer by from 40% to 60% of the width of the unidirectional fabric 10. The reinforced pipe of claim 1, wherein the unidirectional fabric further comprises a second type of fibers oriented in the 0° direction and stitched to the first type of fibers in the 90° direction. 11. The reinforced pipe of claim 10, wherein the first type of fibers have a Young's modulus of at least 100 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 1300 MPa based on a fiber diameter of 8 μm to 20 μm. 12. The reinforced pipe of claim 10, wherein the second type of fibers have a Young's modulus of less than 50 GPa and a tensile strength of less than 1100 MPa based on a fiber diameter of from 8 μm to 20 μm. 13. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the bidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length of the bidirectional fabric, and a 90° direction corresponding to the width of the bidirectional fabric, and from 35% to 75% of fibers are oriented in the 0° direction of the bidirectional fabric and 35% to 75% of fibers are oriented in the 90° direction of the bidirectional fabric. 14. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, further comprising a load transfer material disposed on the pipe. 15. A method of reinforcing a pipe having an axial direction and a circumferential direction with a wrinkle bend in a repair area, the method comprising:
applying a load transfer material on the repair area of the pipe around the wrinkle bend; applying a resin over the repair area; and wrapping at least one layer of a unidirectional fabric circumferentially around the repair area; wherein the unidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length, and a 90° direction corresponding to the width, and wherein the unidirectional fabric comprises a first type of fibers with 90% oriented in the 90° direction, and the first type of fibers are oriented in the axial direction. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising wrapping at least one layer of a bidirectional fabric over the unidirectional fabric, wherein layers of unidirectional fabric and layers of bidirectional fabric are the total layers of fabric around the repair area, and the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 70% of the total layers of fabric over the wrinkle bend. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein every other strip of the unidirectional fabric is offset from a preceding layer by from 40% to 60% of the width of the unidirectional fabric. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising applying a resin to the unidirectional fabric and bidirectional fabric prior to wrapping the unidirectional fabric or bidirectional fabric around the pipe. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the unidirectional fabric includes a second type of fibers oriented in the 0° direction, and stitched to the first type of fibers in the 90° direction. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the bidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length of the bidirectional fabric, and a 90° direction corresponding to the width of the bidirectional fabric, and wherein the bidirectional fabric has from 35% to 75% of its fiber running in the 0° direction of the bidirectional fabric and 35% to 75% of its fiber running in the 90° direction of the bidirectional fabric. | A reinforced pipe and a method of preparing the reinforced pipe are provided. The reinforced pipe has repair area where a wrinkle bend is present in a center section of the repair area. The reinforced pipe comprises a unidirectional fabric circumferentially wrapped around the repair area of the pipe so as to result in multiple layers of the unidirectional fabric around the repair area. The unidirectional fabric is composed of high-performance fibers with at least 90% of the high-performance fibers oriented in the 90° direction, and the unidirectional fabric is wrapped such that the high-performance fibers run in the axial direction. The reinforced pipe further comprises a bidirectional fabric wrapped of over the unidirectional fabric such the at least one layer of bidirectional fabric is wrapped over the unidirectional fabric.1. A reinforced pipe comprising:
a pipe having an axial direction and a circumferential direction with a wrinkle bend in a repair area; and at least one layer of a unidirectional fabric circumferentially wrapped around the repair area, wherein the unidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length and a 90° direction corresponding to the width, and wherein the unidirectional fabric comprising a first type of fibers with at least 90% oriented in the 90° direction, and wherein the first type of fibers are oriented in the axial direction. 2. The reinforced pipe of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one layer of a bidirectional fabric wrapped over the unidirectional fabric. 3. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein layers of unidirectional fabric and layers of bidirectional fabric are the total layers of fabric around the repair areas, and wherein the unidirectional fabric is at least 70% of the total layers of fabric over the wrinkle bend. 4. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the unidirectional fabric and the bidirectional fabric are wrapped with a resin. 5. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 60% of the total layers of fabric, the bidirectional fabric makes up at least 20% of the total layers of fabric, outside wrinkle bend in the repair area. 6. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 75% of the total layers of fabric over the wrinkle bend, and wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 65% of the total layers of fabric, and the bidirectional fabric makes up at least 30% of the total layers of fabric outside the wrinkle bend in the repair area. 7. The reinforced pipe of claim 6, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 80% of the total layers of fabric at the wrinkle bend. 8. The reinforced pipe of claim 1, wherein the unidirectional fabric is wrapped around the repair area in multiple strips, and each strip provides at least two layers when wrapped circumferentially around the pipe. 9. The reinforced pipe of claim 8, wherein every other strip of the unidirectional fabric is offset from the preceding layer by from 40% to 60% of the width of the unidirectional fabric 10. The reinforced pipe of claim 1, wherein the unidirectional fabric further comprises a second type of fibers oriented in the 0° direction and stitched to the first type of fibers in the 90° direction. 11. The reinforced pipe of claim 10, wherein the first type of fibers have a Young's modulus of at least 100 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 1300 MPa based on a fiber diameter of 8 μm to 20 μm. 12. The reinforced pipe of claim 10, wherein the second type of fibers have a Young's modulus of less than 50 GPa and a tensile strength of less than 1100 MPa based on a fiber diameter of from 8 μm to 20 μm. 13. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the bidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length of the bidirectional fabric, and a 90° direction corresponding to the width of the bidirectional fabric, and from 35% to 75% of fibers are oriented in the 0° direction of the bidirectional fabric and 35% to 75% of fibers are oriented in the 90° direction of the bidirectional fabric. 14. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, further comprising a load transfer material disposed on the pipe. 15. A method of reinforcing a pipe having an axial direction and a circumferential direction with a wrinkle bend in a repair area, the method comprising:
applying a load transfer material on the repair area of the pipe around the wrinkle bend; applying a resin over the repair area; and wrapping at least one layer of a unidirectional fabric circumferentially around the repair area; wherein the unidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length, and a 90° direction corresponding to the width, and wherein the unidirectional fabric comprises a first type of fibers with 90% oriented in the 90° direction, and the first type of fibers are oriented in the axial direction. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising wrapping at least one layer of a bidirectional fabric over the unidirectional fabric, wherein layers of unidirectional fabric and layers of bidirectional fabric are the total layers of fabric around the repair area, and the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 70% of the total layers of fabric over the wrinkle bend. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein every other strip of the unidirectional fabric is offset from a preceding layer by from 40% to 60% of the width of the unidirectional fabric. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising applying a resin to the unidirectional fabric and bidirectional fabric prior to wrapping the unidirectional fabric or bidirectional fabric around the pipe. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the unidirectional fabric includes a second type of fibers oriented in the 0° direction, and stitched to the first type of fibers in the 90° direction. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the bidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length of the bidirectional fabric, and a 90° direction corresponding to the width of the bidirectional fabric, and wherein the bidirectional fabric has from 35% to 75% of its fiber running in the 0° direction of the bidirectional fabric and 35% to 75% of its fiber running in the 90° direction of the bidirectional fabric. | 3,700 |
339,224 | 16,800,110 | 3,711 | A reinforced pipe and a method of preparing the reinforced pipe are provided. The reinforced pipe has repair area where a wrinkle bend is present in a center section of the repair area. The reinforced pipe comprises a unidirectional fabric circumferentially wrapped around the repair area of the pipe so as to result in multiple layers of the unidirectional fabric around the repair area. The unidirectional fabric is composed of high-performance fibers with at least 90% of the high-performance fibers oriented in the 90° direction, and the unidirectional fabric is wrapped such that the high-performance fibers run in the axial direction. The reinforced pipe further comprises a bidirectional fabric wrapped of over the unidirectional fabric such the at least one layer of bidirectional fabric is wrapped over the unidirectional fabric. | 1. A reinforced pipe comprising:
a pipe having an axial direction and a circumferential direction with a wrinkle bend in a repair area; and at least one layer of a unidirectional fabric circumferentially wrapped around the repair area, wherein the unidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length and a 90° direction corresponding to the width, and wherein the unidirectional fabric comprising a first type of fibers with at least 90% oriented in the 90° direction, and wherein the first type of fibers are oriented in the axial direction. 2. The reinforced pipe of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one layer of a bidirectional fabric wrapped over the unidirectional fabric. 3. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein layers of unidirectional fabric and layers of bidirectional fabric are the total layers of fabric around the repair areas, and wherein the unidirectional fabric is at least 70% of the total layers of fabric over the wrinkle bend. 4. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the unidirectional fabric and the bidirectional fabric are wrapped with a resin. 5. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 60% of the total layers of fabric, the bidirectional fabric makes up at least 20% of the total layers of fabric, outside wrinkle bend in the repair area. 6. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 75% of the total layers of fabric over the wrinkle bend, and wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 65% of the total layers of fabric, and the bidirectional fabric makes up at least 30% of the total layers of fabric outside the wrinkle bend in the repair area. 7. The reinforced pipe of claim 6, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 80% of the total layers of fabric at the wrinkle bend. 8. The reinforced pipe of claim 1, wherein the unidirectional fabric is wrapped around the repair area in multiple strips, and each strip provides at least two layers when wrapped circumferentially around the pipe. 9. The reinforced pipe of claim 8, wherein every other strip of the unidirectional fabric is offset from the preceding layer by from 40% to 60% of the width of the unidirectional fabric 10. The reinforced pipe of claim 1, wherein the unidirectional fabric further comprises a second type of fibers oriented in the 0° direction and stitched to the first type of fibers in the 90° direction. 11. The reinforced pipe of claim 10, wherein the first type of fibers have a Young's modulus of at least 100 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 1300 MPa based on a fiber diameter of 8 μm to 20 μm. 12. The reinforced pipe of claim 10, wherein the second type of fibers have a Young's modulus of less than 50 GPa and a tensile strength of less than 1100 MPa based on a fiber diameter of from 8 μm to 20 μm. 13. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the bidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length of the bidirectional fabric, and a 90° direction corresponding to the width of the bidirectional fabric, and from 35% to 75% of fibers are oriented in the 0° direction of the bidirectional fabric and 35% to 75% of fibers are oriented in the 90° direction of the bidirectional fabric. 14. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, further comprising a load transfer material disposed on the pipe. 15. A method of reinforcing a pipe having an axial direction and a circumferential direction with a wrinkle bend in a repair area, the method comprising:
applying a load transfer material on the repair area of the pipe around the wrinkle bend; applying a resin over the repair area; and wrapping at least one layer of a unidirectional fabric circumferentially around the repair area; wherein the unidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length, and a 90° direction corresponding to the width, and wherein the unidirectional fabric comprises a first type of fibers with 90% oriented in the 90° direction, and the first type of fibers are oriented in the axial direction. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising wrapping at least one layer of a bidirectional fabric over the unidirectional fabric, wherein layers of unidirectional fabric and layers of bidirectional fabric are the total layers of fabric around the repair area, and the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 70% of the total layers of fabric over the wrinkle bend. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein every other strip of the unidirectional fabric is offset from a preceding layer by from 40% to 60% of the width of the unidirectional fabric. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising applying a resin to the unidirectional fabric and bidirectional fabric prior to wrapping the unidirectional fabric or bidirectional fabric around the pipe. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the unidirectional fabric includes a second type of fibers oriented in the 0° direction, and stitched to the first type of fibers in the 90° direction. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the bidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length of the bidirectional fabric, and a 90° direction corresponding to the width of the bidirectional fabric, and wherein the bidirectional fabric has from 35% to 75% of its fiber running in the 0° direction of the bidirectional fabric and 35% to 75% of its fiber running in the 90° direction of the bidirectional fabric. | A reinforced pipe and a method of preparing the reinforced pipe are provided. The reinforced pipe has repair area where a wrinkle bend is present in a center section of the repair area. The reinforced pipe comprises a unidirectional fabric circumferentially wrapped around the repair area of the pipe so as to result in multiple layers of the unidirectional fabric around the repair area. The unidirectional fabric is composed of high-performance fibers with at least 90% of the high-performance fibers oriented in the 90° direction, and the unidirectional fabric is wrapped such that the high-performance fibers run in the axial direction. The reinforced pipe further comprises a bidirectional fabric wrapped of over the unidirectional fabric such the at least one layer of bidirectional fabric is wrapped over the unidirectional fabric.1. A reinforced pipe comprising:
a pipe having an axial direction and a circumferential direction with a wrinkle bend in a repair area; and at least one layer of a unidirectional fabric circumferentially wrapped around the repair area, wherein the unidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length and a 90° direction corresponding to the width, and wherein the unidirectional fabric comprising a first type of fibers with at least 90% oriented in the 90° direction, and wherein the first type of fibers are oriented in the axial direction. 2. The reinforced pipe of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one layer of a bidirectional fabric wrapped over the unidirectional fabric. 3. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein layers of unidirectional fabric and layers of bidirectional fabric are the total layers of fabric around the repair areas, and wherein the unidirectional fabric is at least 70% of the total layers of fabric over the wrinkle bend. 4. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the unidirectional fabric and the bidirectional fabric are wrapped with a resin. 5. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 60% of the total layers of fabric, the bidirectional fabric makes up at least 20% of the total layers of fabric, outside wrinkle bend in the repair area. 6. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 75% of the total layers of fabric over the wrinkle bend, and wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 65% of the total layers of fabric, and the bidirectional fabric makes up at least 30% of the total layers of fabric outside the wrinkle bend in the repair area. 7. The reinforced pipe of claim 6, wherein the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 80% of the total layers of fabric at the wrinkle bend. 8. The reinforced pipe of claim 1, wherein the unidirectional fabric is wrapped around the repair area in multiple strips, and each strip provides at least two layers when wrapped circumferentially around the pipe. 9. The reinforced pipe of claim 8, wherein every other strip of the unidirectional fabric is offset from the preceding layer by from 40% to 60% of the width of the unidirectional fabric 10. The reinforced pipe of claim 1, wherein the unidirectional fabric further comprises a second type of fibers oriented in the 0° direction and stitched to the first type of fibers in the 90° direction. 11. The reinforced pipe of claim 10, wherein the first type of fibers have a Young's modulus of at least 100 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 1300 MPa based on a fiber diameter of 8 μm to 20 μm. 12. The reinforced pipe of claim 10, wherein the second type of fibers have a Young's modulus of less than 50 GPa and a tensile strength of less than 1100 MPa based on a fiber diameter of from 8 μm to 20 μm. 13. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, wherein the bidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length of the bidirectional fabric, and a 90° direction corresponding to the width of the bidirectional fabric, and from 35% to 75% of fibers are oriented in the 0° direction of the bidirectional fabric and 35% to 75% of fibers are oriented in the 90° direction of the bidirectional fabric. 14. The reinforced pipe of claim 3, further comprising a load transfer material disposed on the pipe. 15. A method of reinforcing a pipe having an axial direction and a circumferential direction with a wrinkle bend in a repair area, the method comprising:
applying a load transfer material on the repair area of the pipe around the wrinkle bend; applying a resin over the repair area; and wrapping at least one layer of a unidirectional fabric circumferentially around the repair area; wherein the unidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length, and a 90° direction corresponding to the width, and wherein the unidirectional fabric comprises a first type of fibers with 90% oriented in the 90° direction, and the first type of fibers are oriented in the axial direction. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising wrapping at least one layer of a bidirectional fabric over the unidirectional fabric, wherein layers of unidirectional fabric and layers of bidirectional fabric are the total layers of fabric around the repair area, and the unidirectional fabric makes up at least 70% of the total layers of fabric over the wrinkle bend. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein every other strip of the unidirectional fabric is offset from a preceding layer by from 40% to 60% of the width of the unidirectional fabric. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising applying a resin to the unidirectional fabric and bidirectional fabric prior to wrapping the unidirectional fabric or bidirectional fabric around the pipe. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the unidirectional fabric includes a second type of fibers oriented in the 0° direction, and stitched to the first type of fibers in the 90° direction. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the bidirectional fabric has a length, a width, a 0° direction corresponding to the length of the bidirectional fabric, and a 90° direction corresponding to the width of the bidirectional fabric, and wherein the bidirectional fabric has from 35% to 75% of its fiber running in the 0° direction of the bidirectional fabric and 35% to 75% of its fiber running in the 90° direction of the bidirectional fabric. | 3,700 |
339,225 | 16,800,090 | 3,711 | The present invention relates to composition for styling hair comprising: (a) a first phase comprising: at least one alkoxysilane having at least one solubilizing functional group and at least one amino substituent; at least one water-soluble metal salt; at least one acidifying agent; and at least one cosmetically acceptable carrier comprising water; and (b) a second phase comprising: at least one silsesquioxane resin and at least one volatile solvent. The present invention also relates to methods of styling hair. | 1. A composition for styling hair comprising:
(a) a first phase comprising:
i. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane;
ii. at least one water-soluble metal salt chosen from magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and a mixture thereof;
iii. at least one acidifying agent chosen from lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and a mixture thereof; and
iv. at least one cosmetically acceptable carrier comprising water.
(b) a second phase comprising:
i. polypropylsilsesquioxane resin; and
ii. at least one volatile solvent. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein (a)(i) is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the first phase. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein (a)(ii) is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the first phase. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein (a)(iii) is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 40% by weight, based on the weight of the first phase. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein (a)(iv) further comprises volatile or non-volatile solvents. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein (a)(iv) is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 99% by weight, based on the weight of the first phase. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein (b)(i) is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 35% by weight, based on the total weight of the second phase. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein (b)(ii) is chosen from isododecane, isohexadecane, and mixtures thereof. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein (b)(ii) is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 99% by weight, based on the total weight of the second phase. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein (b) further comprises at least one non-volatile solvent. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of (a) to (b) is 10:90. 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of (a) to (b) is 90:10. 13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a bi-phasic appearance. 14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in a spray form. 15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is emulsifier free. 16. A composition for styling hair comprising:
(c) from about 0.2 to about 2% by weight of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; (d) from about 0.5 to about 5.5% by weight of polypropylsilsesquioxane resin; (e) from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of magnesium sulfate; (f) from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight of lactic acid; (g) From about 9% to about 85% by weight of water; and (h) From about 5% to about 70% by weight of volatile solvent; 17. A method of styling hair comprising contacting the hair with the composition comprising:
(a) a first phase comprising:
i. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane;
ii. at least one water-soluble metal salt chosen from magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and a mixture thereof;
iii. at least one acidifying agent chosen from lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and a mixture thereof; and
iv. at least one cosmetically acceptable carrier comprising water.
(b) a second phase comprising:
v. polypropylsilsesquioxane resin; and
vi. at least one volatile solvent. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein (a)(iv) further comprises volatile or non-volatile solvents. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein (b) further comprises at least one non-volatile solvent. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein (b)(ii) is chosen from isododecane, isohexadecane, and mixtures thereof. | The present invention relates to composition for styling hair comprising: (a) a first phase comprising: at least one alkoxysilane having at least one solubilizing functional group and at least one amino substituent; at least one water-soluble metal salt; at least one acidifying agent; and at least one cosmetically acceptable carrier comprising water; and (b) a second phase comprising: at least one silsesquioxane resin and at least one volatile solvent. The present invention also relates to methods of styling hair.1. A composition for styling hair comprising:
(a) a first phase comprising:
i. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane;
ii. at least one water-soluble metal salt chosen from magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and a mixture thereof;
iii. at least one acidifying agent chosen from lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and a mixture thereof; and
iv. at least one cosmetically acceptable carrier comprising water.
(b) a second phase comprising:
i. polypropylsilsesquioxane resin; and
ii. at least one volatile solvent. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein (a)(i) is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the first phase. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein (a)(ii) is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the first phase. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein (a)(iii) is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 40% by weight, based on the weight of the first phase. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein (a)(iv) further comprises volatile or non-volatile solvents. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein (a)(iv) is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 99% by weight, based on the weight of the first phase. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein (b)(i) is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 35% by weight, based on the total weight of the second phase. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein (b)(ii) is chosen from isododecane, isohexadecane, and mixtures thereof. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein (b)(ii) is present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 99% by weight, based on the total weight of the second phase. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein (b) further comprises at least one non-volatile solvent. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of (a) to (b) is 10:90. 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of (a) to (b) is 90:10. 13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a bi-phasic appearance. 14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in a spray form. 15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is emulsifier free. 16. A composition for styling hair comprising:
(c) from about 0.2 to about 2% by weight of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; (d) from about 0.5 to about 5.5% by weight of polypropylsilsesquioxane resin; (e) from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of magnesium sulfate; (f) from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight of lactic acid; (g) From about 9% to about 85% by weight of water; and (h) From about 5% to about 70% by weight of volatile solvent; 17. A method of styling hair comprising contacting the hair with the composition comprising:
(a) a first phase comprising:
i. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane;
ii. at least one water-soluble metal salt chosen from magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and a mixture thereof;
iii. at least one acidifying agent chosen from lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and a mixture thereof; and
iv. at least one cosmetically acceptable carrier comprising water.
(b) a second phase comprising:
v. polypropylsilsesquioxane resin; and
vi. at least one volatile solvent. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein (a)(iv) further comprises volatile or non-volatile solvents. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein (b) further comprises at least one non-volatile solvent. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein (b)(ii) is chosen from isododecane, isohexadecane, and mixtures thereof. | 3,700 |
339,226 | 16,800,115 | 3,711 | Providing to a person a health service for a health condition includes receiving, from a health sensor of a mobile health device over an initial period, a plurality of initial values of health metrics of the person associated with performance of the health service, determining, based on the initial values, baseline values of the health metrics for the person, receiving, from the health sensor at a time after the initial period, an additional value corresponding to at least one of the health metrics, and determining whether the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values for the person. Providing to a person a health service for a health condition may also include, if it is determined that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, communicating the irregularity to a provider of the health service. | 1.-115. (canceled) 116. A method of providing to a person a health service for a health condition, comprising:
receiving, from a health sensor of a mobile health device over an initial period, a plurality of initial values of health metrics of the person associated with performance of the health service; determining, based on the initial values, baseline values of the health metrics for the person; receiving, from the health sensor at a time after the initial period, an additional value corresponding to at least one of the health metrics; and determining whether the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values for the person. 117. The method of claim 116, further comprising:
if it is determined that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, communicating the irregularity to a provider of the health service. 118. The method of claim 116, further comprising:
if it is determined that the additional value represent an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, communicating the irregularity to an operator of the mobile health device. 119. The method of claim 118, further comprising:
receiving input from the operator through a user interface of the mobile health device to address the irregularity. 120. The method of claim 116, further comprising:
the mobile health device communicating the initial values and the additional value to a remote device remotely coupled to the mobile health device; and the remote device determining the baseline values and determining whether the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values. 121. The method of claim 120, further comprising:
if the remote device determines that the additional value represent an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, the remote device communicating the irregularity to an operator of the mobile health device, wherein the mobile health device receiving the additional value, determining whether the additional value represents an irregularity, and communicating the irregularity are performed in real-time. 122. The method of claim 116, wherein determining baseline values of the health and determining whether the additional value represents an irregularity are performed by the mobile health device. 123. A system for providing a health service to a person for a health condition, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory having code stored thereon that, when executed, receives, from a health sensor of a mobile health device over an initial period, a plurality of initial values of health metrics of the person associated with performance of the health service, determines, based on the initial values, baseline values of the health metrics for the person, receives, from the health sensor at a time after the initial period, an additional value corresponding to at least one of the health metrics, and determines whether the additional value represent an irregularity with respect to the baseline values for the person. 124. The system of claim 123, wherein if it is determined that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, the irregularity is communicated to a provider of the health service. 125. The system of claim 123, wherein if it is determined that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, the irregularity is communicated to an operator of the mobile health device. 126. The system of claim 125, wherein input from the operator is received through a user interface of the mobile health device to address the irregularity. 127. The system of claim 123, wherein the mobile health device communicates the initial values and the additional value to a remote device remotely coupled to the mobile health device and wherein the remote device determines the baseline values and determines whether additional value represent an irregularity with respect to the baseline values. 128. The system of claim 127, wherein if the remote device determines that the additional value represent an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, the remote device communicates the irregularity to an operator of the mobile health device. 129. The system of claim 128, wherein the mobile health device receiving the additional value, determining whether the additional value represent an irregularity, and communicating the irregularity are all performed in real-time. 130. Non-transitory computer-readable media having software stored thereon for providing a person with a health service for a health condition, the software comprising:
executable code that receives, from a health sensor of a mobile health device over an initial period, a plurality of initial values of health metrics of the person associated with performance of the health service;
executable code that determines, based on the initial values, baseline values of the health metrics for the person;
executable code that receives, from the health sensor at a time after the initial period, an additional value corresponding to at least one of the health metrics; and
executable code that determines whether the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to baseline values for the person. 131. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 130, the software further comprising:
executable code that, if it is determined that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, communicates the irregularity to a provider of the health service. 132. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 130, the software further comprising:
executable code that, if it is determined that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, communicates the irregularity to an operator of the mobile health device. 133. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 132, the software further comprising:
executable code that receives input from the operator through a user interface of the mobile health device to address the irregularity. 134. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 130, the software further comprising:
executable code that controls the mobile health device to communicate the initial values and the additional value to a remote device coupled to the mobile health device; and executable code that controls the remote device to determine the initial values and to determine whether the additional value represent an irregularity with respect to the baseline values. 135. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 134, the software further comprising:
executable code that, if the remote device determines that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, controls the remote device to communicate the irregularity to an operator of the mobile health device, wherein receiving the values, determining whether the additional values represent an irregularity, and communicating the irregularity are performed in real-time. 136.-150. (canceled) | Providing to a person a health service for a health condition includes receiving, from a health sensor of a mobile health device over an initial period, a plurality of initial values of health metrics of the person associated with performance of the health service, determining, based on the initial values, baseline values of the health metrics for the person, receiving, from the health sensor at a time after the initial period, an additional value corresponding to at least one of the health metrics, and determining whether the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values for the person. Providing to a person a health service for a health condition may also include, if it is determined that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, communicating the irregularity to a provider of the health service.1.-115. (canceled) 116. A method of providing to a person a health service for a health condition, comprising:
receiving, from a health sensor of a mobile health device over an initial period, a plurality of initial values of health metrics of the person associated with performance of the health service; determining, based on the initial values, baseline values of the health metrics for the person; receiving, from the health sensor at a time after the initial period, an additional value corresponding to at least one of the health metrics; and determining whether the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values for the person. 117. The method of claim 116, further comprising:
if it is determined that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, communicating the irregularity to a provider of the health service. 118. The method of claim 116, further comprising:
if it is determined that the additional value represent an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, communicating the irregularity to an operator of the mobile health device. 119. The method of claim 118, further comprising:
receiving input from the operator through a user interface of the mobile health device to address the irregularity. 120. The method of claim 116, further comprising:
the mobile health device communicating the initial values and the additional value to a remote device remotely coupled to the mobile health device; and the remote device determining the baseline values and determining whether the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values. 121. The method of claim 120, further comprising:
if the remote device determines that the additional value represent an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, the remote device communicating the irregularity to an operator of the mobile health device, wherein the mobile health device receiving the additional value, determining whether the additional value represents an irregularity, and communicating the irregularity are performed in real-time. 122. The method of claim 116, wherein determining baseline values of the health and determining whether the additional value represents an irregularity are performed by the mobile health device. 123. A system for providing a health service to a person for a health condition, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory having code stored thereon that, when executed, receives, from a health sensor of a mobile health device over an initial period, a plurality of initial values of health metrics of the person associated with performance of the health service, determines, based on the initial values, baseline values of the health metrics for the person, receives, from the health sensor at a time after the initial period, an additional value corresponding to at least one of the health metrics, and determines whether the additional value represent an irregularity with respect to the baseline values for the person. 124. The system of claim 123, wherein if it is determined that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, the irregularity is communicated to a provider of the health service. 125. The system of claim 123, wherein if it is determined that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, the irregularity is communicated to an operator of the mobile health device. 126. The system of claim 125, wherein input from the operator is received through a user interface of the mobile health device to address the irregularity. 127. The system of claim 123, wherein the mobile health device communicates the initial values and the additional value to a remote device remotely coupled to the mobile health device and wherein the remote device determines the baseline values and determines whether additional value represent an irregularity with respect to the baseline values. 128. The system of claim 127, wherein if the remote device determines that the additional value represent an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, the remote device communicates the irregularity to an operator of the mobile health device. 129. The system of claim 128, wherein the mobile health device receiving the additional value, determining whether the additional value represent an irregularity, and communicating the irregularity are all performed in real-time. 130. Non-transitory computer-readable media having software stored thereon for providing a person with a health service for a health condition, the software comprising:
executable code that receives, from a health sensor of a mobile health device over an initial period, a plurality of initial values of health metrics of the person associated with performance of the health service;
executable code that determines, based on the initial values, baseline values of the health metrics for the person;
executable code that receives, from the health sensor at a time after the initial period, an additional value corresponding to at least one of the health metrics; and
executable code that determines whether the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to baseline values for the person. 131. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 130, the software further comprising:
executable code that, if it is determined that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, communicates the irregularity to a provider of the health service. 132. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 130, the software further comprising:
executable code that, if it is determined that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, communicates the irregularity to an operator of the mobile health device. 133. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 132, the software further comprising:
executable code that receives input from the operator through a user interface of the mobile health device to address the irregularity. 134. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 130, the software further comprising:
executable code that controls the mobile health device to communicate the initial values and the additional value to a remote device coupled to the mobile health device; and executable code that controls the remote device to determine the initial values and to determine whether the additional value represent an irregularity with respect to the baseline values. 135. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 134, the software further comprising:
executable code that, if the remote device determines that the additional value represents an irregularity with respect to the baseline values, controls the remote device to communicate the irregularity to an operator of the mobile health device, wherein receiving the values, determining whether the additional values represent an irregularity, and communicating the irregularity are performed in real-time. 136.-150. (canceled) | 3,700 |
339,227 | 16,800,086 | 3,711 | A method for controlling operation of a lighting system is provided. The method includes operating the lighting system in a first mode during a time period to provide a first light output. The first output can be a blend of HINS light and non-HINS light. The method includes determining a dosage amount of HINS light provided during the time period. Furthermore, the method includes operating the lighting system in a second mode to provide a second lighting output. The second light output can be HINS light or a blend of HINS light and non-HINS light. Furthermore, spectral energy associated with HINS light in the second light output is greater than spectral energy associated with the HINS light in the first light output. | 1. A method for controlling operation of a lighting system, the method comprising:
operating the lighting system in a first mode to provide a first light output during a time period, the first light output comprising a blend of high intensity narrow spectrum (HINS) light and non-HINS light emitted; determining, by one or more control devices, a dosage amount of HINS light provided during the time period; operating the lighting system in a second mode to provide a second light output based, at least in part, on the dosage amount, the second light output comprising HINS light or a blend of HINS light and non-HINS light, wherein spectral energy associated with HINS light in the second light output is greater than spectral energy associated with the HINS light in the first light output. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a dosage amount of HINS light provided during the time period comprises:
determining, by the one or more control devices, a duration the lighting system provides the first light output during the time period; determining, by the one or more control devices, an intensity of the HINS light provided as part of the first light output during the time period; and determining, by the one or more control devices, the dosage amount based, at least in part, on the duration and the intensity. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a dosage amount of HINS light provided during the time period comprises:
obtaining, by the one or more control devices, data from a dosage feedback sensor; and determining, by the one or more control devices, the dosage amount based, at least in part, on the data obtained from the dosage feedback sensor. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the one or more control devices, a duration to provide the second light output based, at least in part, on the dosage amount. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the duration to provide the second light output based, at least in part, on the dosage amount comprises:
determining, by the one or more control devices, a difference between the dosage amount and a threshold dosage amount; and determining, by the one or more control devices, the duration to provide the second light output based, at least in part, on the difference between the dosage amount and the threshold amount. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the duration to provide the second light output further comprises:
determining, by the one or more control devices, the duration to provide the second light output as a function of intensity of the HINS light provided as part of the second light output and the difference between the dosage amount and the threshold dosage amount. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the spectral energy associated with the HINS light in the first light output is less than about 20% of a total spectral energy associated with the first light output. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the spectral energy associated with the HINS light in the second light output is about 100% of a total spectral energy associated with the second light output. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining, by the one or more control devices, data from an occupancy sensor during the time period, the occupancy sensor associated with a space illuminated by lighting system; and controlling, by the one or more control devices, operation of the lighting system based, at least in part, on the data obtained from the occupancy sensor. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein when the data obtained from the occupancy sensor indicates presence of one or more persons within the space, controlling operation of the lighting system comprises:
operating the lighting system in the first mode to provide the first light output. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein when the data obtained from the occupancy sensor indicates one or more persons are not present within the space, controlling operation of the lighting system comprises:
operating the lighting system in the second mode to provide the second light output. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein when operation of the lighting system switches between the first mode and the second mode during the time period, determining a dosage amount of HINS light provided during the time period comprises:
determining, by the one or more control devices, a total dosage amount associated with the first light output and the second light output during the time period. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein:
a wavelength of HINS light is within a range of about 380 nanometers to about 420 nanometers; and a wavelength of non-HINS light is outside the range of about 380 nanometers to about 420 nanometers. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the wavelength of the HINS light corresponds to about 405 nanometers. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the dosage amount is determined for a surface illuminated by the lighting system. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the dosage amount is determined as a function of distance between the surface and one or more light sources of the lighting system. 17. A lighting system, comprising:
one or more first light sources configured to emit high intensity narrow spectrum (HINS) light; one or more second light sources configured to emit at least non-HINS light; and one or more control devices configured to:
operate the lighting system in a first mode to provide a first light output during a time period, the first light output comprising a blend of the HINS light emitted from the one or more first light sources and non-HINS light emitted from the one or more second light sources;
determine a dosage amount of HINS light provided during the time period;
operate the lighting system in a second mode to provide a second light output based, at least in part, on the dosage amount, the second light output comprising HINS light or a blend of HINS light and non-HINS light,
wherein spectral energy associated with HINS light in the second light output is greater than spectral energy associated with the HINS light in the first light output. 18. The lighting system of claim 17, wherein:
The one or more second light sources comprise a plurality of strings arranged in a parallel configuration; each of the plurality of strings includes a plurality of HINS light sources and a plurality of non-HINS light sources; and at least one string of the plurality of strings includes two or more non-HINS light sources positioned between consecutive HINS light sources of the at least one string. 19. The lighting system of claim 17, wherein the one or more control devices are configured to determine the dosage amount provided during the time period based, at least in part, on:
a duration the lighting system provides the first light output during the time period; and an intensity of the HINS light provided as part of the first light output during the time period. 20. The lighting system of claim 17, wherein the one or more control devices are further configured to:
determine a duration to provide the second light output based, at least in part, on the dosage amount. | A method for controlling operation of a lighting system is provided. The method includes operating the lighting system in a first mode during a time period to provide a first light output. The first output can be a blend of HINS light and non-HINS light. The method includes determining a dosage amount of HINS light provided during the time period. Furthermore, the method includes operating the lighting system in a second mode to provide a second lighting output. The second light output can be HINS light or a blend of HINS light and non-HINS light. Furthermore, spectral energy associated with HINS light in the second light output is greater than spectral energy associated with the HINS light in the first light output.1. A method for controlling operation of a lighting system, the method comprising:
operating the lighting system in a first mode to provide a first light output during a time period, the first light output comprising a blend of high intensity narrow spectrum (HINS) light and non-HINS light emitted; determining, by one or more control devices, a dosage amount of HINS light provided during the time period; operating the lighting system in a second mode to provide a second light output based, at least in part, on the dosage amount, the second light output comprising HINS light or a blend of HINS light and non-HINS light, wherein spectral energy associated with HINS light in the second light output is greater than spectral energy associated with the HINS light in the first light output. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a dosage amount of HINS light provided during the time period comprises:
determining, by the one or more control devices, a duration the lighting system provides the first light output during the time period; determining, by the one or more control devices, an intensity of the HINS light provided as part of the first light output during the time period; and determining, by the one or more control devices, the dosage amount based, at least in part, on the duration and the intensity. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a dosage amount of HINS light provided during the time period comprises:
obtaining, by the one or more control devices, data from a dosage feedback sensor; and determining, by the one or more control devices, the dosage amount based, at least in part, on the data obtained from the dosage feedback sensor. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, by the one or more control devices, a duration to provide the second light output based, at least in part, on the dosage amount. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the duration to provide the second light output based, at least in part, on the dosage amount comprises:
determining, by the one or more control devices, a difference between the dosage amount and a threshold dosage amount; and determining, by the one or more control devices, the duration to provide the second light output based, at least in part, on the difference between the dosage amount and the threshold amount. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the duration to provide the second light output further comprises:
determining, by the one or more control devices, the duration to provide the second light output as a function of intensity of the HINS light provided as part of the second light output and the difference between the dosage amount and the threshold dosage amount. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the spectral energy associated with the HINS light in the first light output is less than about 20% of a total spectral energy associated with the first light output. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the spectral energy associated with the HINS light in the second light output is about 100% of a total spectral energy associated with the second light output. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
obtaining, by the one or more control devices, data from an occupancy sensor during the time period, the occupancy sensor associated with a space illuminated by lighting system; and controlling, by the one or more control devices, operation of the lighting system based, at least in part, on the data obtained from the occupancy sensor. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein when the data obtained from the occupancy sensor indicates presence of one or more persons within the space, controlling operation of the lighting system comprises:
operating the lighting system in the first mode to provide the first light output. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein when the data obtained from the occupancy sensor indicates one or more persons are not present within the space, controlling operation of the lighting system comprises:
operating the lighting system in the second mode to provide the second light output. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein when operation of the lighting system switches between the first mode and the second mode during the time period, determining a dosage amount of HINS light provided during the time period comprises:
determining, by the one or more control devices, a total dosage amount associated with the first light output and the second light output during the time period. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein:
a wavelength of HINS light is within a range of about 380 nanometers to about 420 nanometers; and a wavelength of non-HINS light is outside the range of about 380 nanometers to about 420 nanometers. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the wavelength of the HINS light corresponds to about 405 nanometers. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the dosage amount is determined for a surface illuminated by the lighting system. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the dosage amount is determined as a function of distance between the surface and one or more light sources of the lighting system. 17. A lighting system, comprising:
one or more first light sources configured to emit high intensity narrow spectrum (HINS) light; one or more second light sources configured to emit at least non-HINS light; and one or more control devices configured to:
operate the lighting system in a first mode to provide a first light output during a time period, the first light output comprising a blend of the HINS light emitted from the one or more first light sources and non-HINS light emitted from the one or more second light sources;
determine a dosage amount of HINS light provided during the time period;
operate the lighting system in a second mode to provide a second light output based, at least in part, on the dosage amount, the second light output comprising HINS light or a blend of HINS light and non-HINS light,
wherein spectral energy associated with HINS light in the second light output is greater than spectral energy associated with the HINS light in the first light output. 18. The lighting system of claim 17, wherein:
The one or more second light sources comprise a plurality of strings arranged in a parallel configuration; each of the plurality of strings includes a plurality of HINS light sources and a plurality of non-HINS light sources; and at least one string of the plurality of strings includes two or more non-HINS light sources positioned between consecutive HINS light sources of the at least one string. 19. The lighting system of claim 17, wherein the one or more control devices are configured to determine the dosage amount provided during the time period based, at least in part, on:
a duration the lighting system provides the first light output during the time period; and an intensity of the HINS light provided as part of the first light output during the time period. 20. The lighting system of claim 17, wherein the one or more control devices are further configured to:
determine a duration to provide the second light output based, at least in part, on the dosage amount. | 3,700 |
339,228 | 16,800,109 | 3,711 | Method for preventing or treating a condition or disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject an engineered clostridial toxin comprising at least one amino acid modification that increases the isoelectric point of the toxin to a value that is at least 0.2 pI units higher than the isoelectric point of an otherwise identical clostridial toxin lacking the modification. | 1. A method for preventing or treating a condition or disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an engineered clostridial toxin comprising at least one amino acid modification that increases the isoelectric point of the toxin to a value that is at least 0.2 pI units higher than the isoelectric point of an otherwise identical clostridial toxin lacking the modification, wherein the modification is not located in the clostridial toxin binding domain and the clostridial light chain does not contain an E3 ligase recognition motif. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one amino acid modification is located in the clostridial toxin translocation domain (HN domain). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification is located in the clostridial toxin light chain. 4. (canceled) 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification increases the isoelectric point of the toxin to a value that is at least 0.5 pi units higher than the isoelectric point of an otherwise identical clostridial toxin lacking the modification. 6-7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification increases the isoelectric point of the toxin to a value that is between 2 and 5 pI units higher than the pI of an otherwise identical clostridial toxin lacking the modification. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin has an isoelectric point of at least 6.5. 10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin has an isoelectric point of between 6.5 and 7.5. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification is an amino acid substitution, an amino acid insertion, or an amino acid deletion. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the modification is a substitution of an acidic amino acid residue with a basic amino acid residue, a substitution of an acidic amino acid residue with an uncharged amino acid residue, or a substitution of an uncharged amino acid residue with a basic amino acid residue. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin comprises between 1 and 90 amino acid modifications. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin comprises at least three amino acid modifications. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin comprises between 4 and 40 amino acid modifications. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification is to a surface exposed amino acid residue. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification is to an amino acid residue selected from: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, alanine, glycine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the amino acid residue is substituted with lysine or arginine. 20-25. (canceled) 26. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin is administered at a higher dosage than the recommended dosage for an otherwise identical clostridial toxin lacking the modification. 27. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin is administered to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin is administered orally, parenterally, through a continuous infusion, by inhalation, or topically. 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin is administered in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 1 ng/kg per day. 30. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin is administered in an amount of about 0.05 to about 5 ng. 31. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition is treatable by inhibiting cellular secretion from a cell targeted by the engineered clostridial toxin. | Method for preventing or treating a condition or disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject an engineered clostridial toxin comprising at least one amino acid modification that increases the isoelectric point of the toxin to a value that is at least 0.2 pI units higher than the isoelectric point of an otherwise identical clostridial toxin lacking the modification.1. A method for preventing or treating a condition or disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an engineered clostridial toxin comprising at least one amino acid modification that increases the isoelectric point of the toxin to a value that is at least 0.2 pI units higher than the isoelectric point of an otherwise identical clostridial toxin lacking the modification, wherein the modification is not located in the clostridial toxin binding domain and the clostridial light chain does not contain an E3 ligase recognition motif. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one amino acid modification is located in the clostridial toxin translocation domain (HN domain). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification is located in the clostridial toxin light chain. 4. (canceled) 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification increases the isoelectric point of the toxin to a value that is at least 0.5 pi units higher than the isoelectric point of an otherwise identical clostridial toxin lacking the modification. 6-7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification increases the isoelectric point of the toxin to a value that is between 2 and 5 pI units higher than the pI of an otherwise identical clostridial toxin lacking the modification. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin has an isoelectric point of at least 6.5. 10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin has an isoelectric point of between 6.5 and 7.5. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification is an amino acid substitution, an amino acid insertion, or an amino acid deletion. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the modification is a substitution of an acidic amino acid residue with a basic amino acid residue, a substitution of an acidic amino acid residue with an uncharged amino acid residue, or a substitution of an uncharged amino acid residue with a basic amino acid residue. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin comprises between 1 and 90 amino acid modifications. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin comprises at least three amino acid modifications. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin comprises between 4 and 40 amino acid modifications. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification is to a surface exposed amino acid residue. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the modification is to an amino acid residue selected from: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, alanine, glycine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the amino acid residue is substituted with lysine or arginine. 20-25. (canceled) 26. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin is administered at a higher dosage than the recommended dosage for an otherwise identical clostridial toxin lacking the modification. 27. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin is administered to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin is administered orally, parenterally, through a continuous infusion, by inhalation, or topically. 29. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin is administered in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 1 ng/kg per day. 30. The method of claim 1, wherein the toxin is administered in an amount of about 0.05 to about 5 ng. 31. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition is treatable by inhibiting cellular secretion from a cell targeted by the engineered clostridial toxin. | 3,700 |
339,229 | 16,800,101 | 3,711 | An iron-type golf club head for a golf club includes a body and a face joined to the body. The face includes a front surface including a ball striking surface, and a rear surface facing an interior surface of the body. Multiple independent depressions are formed in the rear surface toward the front surface. Each of the independent depressions is at least partially filled with a non-metallic material. | 1. An iron-type golf club head, comprising:
a body; and a face joined to the body, the face including a front surface and a rear surface, the front surface including a ball striking surface, the rear surface facing an interior surface of the body, wherein a plurality of independent depressions are formed in the rear surface toward the front surface, and each of the independent depressions is at least partially filled with a non-metallic material. 2. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-metallic material contacts the rear surface and is continuously formed to fill each of the independent depressions. 3. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 1, wherein a space between the interior surface of the body and the rear surface of the face is filled with the non-metallic material. 4. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 3, wherein
the face includes a striking part and a toe part, the toe part being on a toe side of the striking part, and the space is formed between the interior surface of the body and a rear surface of the striking part and between the interior surface of the body and a rear surface of the toe part. 5. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 3, wherein
the body includes a back and a rear protrusion, the rear protrusion being on a sole side of the back below a center of the iron-type golf club head, and an interior surface of the rear protrusion includes a stepped portion that faces the rear surface of the face. 6. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 5, wherein the stepped portion forms a plurality of wall faces that face the rear surface of the face. 7. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 5, wherein a depth of a deepest part of the stepped portion from the rear surface of the face is 5 mm or more and 15 mm or less. 8. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 5, wherein the back includes a flat part in which two or more openings are provided. 9. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the face includes a rearward extension extending rearward of the iron-type golf club head, the rearward extension being fitted into the body on a sole side to form a part of a sole of the iron-type golf club head. 10. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 9, wherein the face includes a thin part on the sole side, the thin part being at least partially filled with the non-metallic material. 11. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 10, wherein the body includes a wall face that faces the thin part. 12. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 9, wherein
the body includes a face placement part and a cut provided in the face placement part on the sole side, the face is positioned by the face placement part on a top side, and the rearward extension is fitted into the cut to connect to the body on the sole side. | An iron-type golf club head for a golf club includes a body and a face joined to the body. The face includes a front surface including a ball striking surface, and a rear surface facing an interior surface of the body. Multiple independent depressions are formed in the rear surface toward the front surface. Each of the independent depressions is at least partially filled with a non-metallic material.1. An iron-type golf club head, comprising:
a body; and a face joined to the body, the face including a front surface and a rear surface, the front surface including a ball striking surface, the rear surface facing an interior surface of the body, wherein a plurality of independent depressions are formed in the rear surface toward the front surface, and each of the independent depressions is at least partially filled with a non-metallic material. 2. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-metallic material contacts the rear surface and is continuously formed to fill each of the independent depressions. 3. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 1, wherein a space between the interior surface of the body and the rear surface of the face is filled with the non-metallic material. 4. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 3, wherein
the face includes a striking part and a toe part, the toe part being on a toe side of the striking part, and the space is formed between the interior surface of the body and a rear surface of the striking part and between the interior surface of the body and a rear surface of the toe part. 5. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 3, wherein
the body includes a back and a rear protrusion, the rear protrusion being on a sole side of the back below a center of the iron-type golf club head, and an interior surface of the rear protrusion includes a stepped portion that faces the rear surface of the face. 6. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 5, wherein the stepped portion forms a plurality of wall faces that face the rear surface of the face. 7. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 5, wherein a depth of a deepest part of the stepped portion from the rear surface of the face is 5 mm or more and 15 mm or less. 8. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 5, wherein the back includes a flat part in which two or more openings are provided. 9. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the face includes a rearward extension extending rearward of the iron-type golf club head, the rearward extension being fitted into the body on a sole side to form a part of a sole of the iron-type golf club head. 10. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 9, wherein the face includes a thin part on the sole side, the thin part being at least partially filled with the non-metallic material. 11. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 10, wherein the body includes a wall face that faces the thin part. 12. The iron-type golf club head as claimed in claim 9, wherein
the body includes a face placement part and a cut provided in the face placement part on the sole side, the face is positioned by the face placement part on a top side, and the rearward extension is fitted into the cut to connect to the body on the sole side. | 3,700 |
339,230 | 16,800,085 | 3,711 | According to one embodiment of the present invention, a terahertz wave concentrating module can comprise: a first lens for changing a terahertz wave, which is emitted while a terahertz Bessel beam penetrates an object to be inspected, so as to have a small angle; and a second lens for concentrating, on a detector, the terahertz wave having passed through the first lens. | 1-22. (canceled) 23. A scattered light detection module comprising:
a ring beam forming unit for forming a ring beam using a terahertz Bessel beam and concentrating the formed ring beam to an inspection target object; and a scattered light detecting unit for detecting scattered light generated from the inspection target object. 24. The scattered light detection module of claim 23, wherein the ring beam forming unit includes a third lens for forming a ring beam and concentrating the formed ring beam to the inspection target object. 25. The scattered light detection module of claim 23, wherein the scattered light detecting unit includes a reflected scattered light detecting unit provided inside the ring beam exiting from the third lens and detecting scattered light reflected from the inspection target object. 26. The scattered light detection module of claim 23, wherein the scattered light detecting unit includes a transmitted scattered light detecting unit arranged inside a ring beam incident from the third lens and detecting scattered light transmitted from the inspection target object. 27. The scattered light detection module of claim 23, wherein the third lens includes a path changing unit for changing a path of the scattered light reflected from the inspection target object, and the reflected scattered light detecting unit detects scattered light incident from the path changing unit. 28. A high resolution inspection apparatus using a terahertz Bessel beam, the high resolution inspection apparatus comprising:
a terahertz wave generating unit for generating a terahertz wave; a Bessel beam forming unit for generating a terahertz Bessel beam using the terahertz wave incident from the terahertz wave generating unit; a ring beam forming unit for forming a ring beam using the terahertz Bessel beam and concentrating the formed ring beam to an inspection target object; a scattered light detecting unit for detecting scattered light generated from the inspection target object; and a ring beam detecting unit for detecting a ring beam transmitted through the inspection target object. 29. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 28, wherein the ring beam forming unit includes a third lens for forming a ring beam and concentrating the formed ring beam to the inspection target object. 30. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 29, the scattered light detecting unit includes a reflected scattered light detecting unit provided inside the ring beam exiting from the third lens and detecting scattered light reflected from the inspection target object. 31. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 29,
the scattered light detecting unit includes a transmitted scattered light detecting unit arranged inside a ring beam incident from the third lens and detecting scattered light transmitted from the inspection target object. 32. A high resolution inspection apparatus using a terahertz Bessel beam, the high resolution inspection apparatus comprising:
a scanner scanning a shape of an inspection target object; a terahertz wave optical head for generating a terahertz wave and irradiating the inspection target object with the generated terahertz wave; a terahertz wave concentrating head for detecting the terahertz wave transmitted through the inspection target object; a first transfer unit for moving the terahertz wave optical head according to the scanned shape of the inspection target object; and a second transfer unit for moving the terahertz wave concentrating head in a same manner as the optical head in synchronization with the first transfer unit, the terahertz wave optical head includes;
a terahertz wave generating unit for generating a terahertz wave;
a Bessel beam forming unit for forming a terahertz Bessel beam using the terahertz wave incident from the terahertz wave generating unit; and
a ring beam forming unit for forming a ring beam using the terahertz Bessel beam and concentrating the formed ring beam to an inspection target object; and
the terahertz wave concentrating head includes:
a scattered light detecting unit for detecting scattered light generated from the inspection target object; and
a ring beam detecting unit for detecting a ring beam transmitted through the inspection target object. 33. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 32, wherein the first transfer unit moves the terahertz wave optical head to maintain a predetermined distance to the inspection target object on a basis of a thickness of the scanned inspection target object so that the inspection target object is placed within a depth of focus of the generated terahertz wave. 34. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 32, further including a rapid cooling device for maintaining the inspection target object in a low temperature state, wherein the terahertz wave optical head and the terahertz wave concentrating head are disposed on opposing sides of the rapid cooling device so as to be spaced apart from each other. 35. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 34, wherein the rapid cooling device is configured as a housing including a window which allows the generated terahertz wave to be transmitted therethrough. 36. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 34, further including a defrosting device disposed in a rear stage of the rapid cooling device and defrosting the inspection target object. | According to one embodiment of the present invention, a terahertz wave concentrating module can comprise: a first lens for changing a terahertz wave, which is emitted while a terahertz Bessel beam penetrates an object to be inspected, so as to have a small angle; and a second lens for concentrating, on a detector, the terahertz wave having passed through the first lens.1-22. (canceled) 23. A scattered light detection module comprising:
a ring beam forming unit for forming a ring beam using a terahertz Bessel beam and concentrating the formed ring beam to an inspection target object; and a scattered light detecting unit for detecting scattered light generated from the inspection target object. 24. The scattered light detection module of claim 23, wherein the ring beam forming unit includes a third lens for forming a ring beam and concentrating the formed ring beam to the inspection target object. 25. The scattered light detection module of claim 23, wherein the scattered light detecting unit includes a reflected scattered light detecting unit provided inside the ring beam exiting from the third lens and detecting scattered light reflected from the inspection target object. 26. The scattered light detection module of claim 23, wherein the scattered light detecting unit includes a transmitted scattered light detecting unit arranged inside a ring beam incident from the third lens and detecting scattered light transmitted from the inspection target object. 27. The scattered light detection module of claim 23, wherein the third lens includes a path changing unit for changing a path of the scattered light reflected from the inspection target object, and the reflected scattered light detecting unit detects scattered light incident from the path changing unit. 28. A high resolution inspection apparatus using a terahertz Bessel beam, the high resolution inspection apparatus comprising:
a terahertz wave generating unit for generating a terahertz wave; a Bessel beam forming unit for generating a terahertz Bessel beam using the terahertz wave incident from the terahertz wave generating unit; a ring beam forming unit for forming a ring beam using the terahertz Bessel beam and concentrating the formed ring beam to an inspection target object; a scattered light detecting unit for detecting scattered light generated from the inspection target object; and a ring beam detecting unit for detecting a ring beam transmitted through the inspection target object. 29. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 28, wherein the ring beam forming unit includes a third lens for forming a ring beam and concentrating the formed ring beam to the inspection target object. 30. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 29, the scattered light detecting unit includes a reflected scattered light detecting unit provided inside the ring beam exiting from the third lens and detecting scattered light reflected from the inspection target object. 31. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 29,
the scattered light detecting unit includes a transmitted scattered light detecting unit arranged inside a ring beam incident from the third lens and detecting scattered light transmitted from the inspection target object. 32. A high resolution inspection apparatus using a terahertz Bessel beam, the high resolution inspection apparatus comprising:
a scanner scanning a shape of an inspection target object; a terahertz wave optical head for generating a terahertz wave and irradiating the inspection target object with the generated terahertz wave; a terahertz wave concentrating head for detecting the terahertz wave transmitted through the inspection target object; a first transfer unit for moving the terahertz wave optical head according to the scanned shape of the inspection target object; and a second transfer unit for moving the terahertz wave concentrating head in a same manner as the optical head in synchronization with the first transfer unit, the terahertz wave optical head includes;
a terahertz wave generating unit for generating a terahertz wave;
a Bessel beam forming unit for forming a terahertz Bessel beam using the terahertz wave incident from the terahertz wave generating unit; and
a ring beam forming unit for forming a ring beam using the terahertz Bessel beam and concentrating the formed ring beam to an inspection target object; and
the terahertz wave concentrating head includes:
a scattered light detecting unit for detecting scattered light generated from the inspection target object; and
a ring beam detecting unit for detecting a ring beam transmitted through the inspection target object. 33. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 32, wherein the first transfer unit moves the terahertz wave optical head to maintain a predetermined distance to the inspection target object on a basis of a thickness of the scanned inspection target object so that the inspection target object is placed within a depth of focus of the generated terahertz wave. 34. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 32, further including a rapid cooling device for maintaining the inspection target object in a low temperature state, wherein the terahertz wave optical head and the terahertz wave concentrating head are disposed on opposing sides of the rapid cooling device so as to be spaced apart from each other. 35. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 34, wherein the rapid cooling device is configured as a housing including a window which allows the generated terahertz wave to be transmitted therethrough. 36. The high resolution inspection apparatus of claim 34, further including a defrosting device disposed in a rear stage of the rapid cooling device and defrosting the inspection target object. | 3,700 |
339,231 | 16,800,088 | 3,711 | A semiconductor device according to an embodiment includes a semiconductor substrate, a wiring layer on or above the semiconductor substrate, the wiring layer having a first metal layer and a second metal layer in contact with the first metal layer, a capacitor lower electrode on or above the semiconductor substrate, the capacitor lower electrode being the same material as the second metal layer, a capacitor insulating film on the capacitor lower electrode, and a capacitor upper electrode on the capacitor insulating film. A distance from the semiconductor substrate to an upper face of the capacitor lower electrode is equal to or less than a distance from the semiconductor substrate to an upper face of the wiring layer, and a distance from the semiconductor substrate to a lower face of the capacitor lower electrode is greater than a distance from the semiconductor substrate to a lower face of the wiring layer. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; a wiring layer provided on or above the semiconductor substrate, the wiring layer having a first metal layer and a second metal layer in contact with a lower face and a side face of the first metal layer; a capacitor lower electrode provided on or above the semiconductor substrate, the capacitor lower electrode being the same material as the second metal layer; a capacitor insulating film provided on the capacitor lower electrode; and a capacitor upper electrode provided on the capacitor insulating film, wherein a distance from the semiconductor substrate to an upper face of the capacitor lower electrode is equal to or less than a distance from the semiconductor substrate to an upper face of the wiring layer, and a distance from the semiconductor substrate to a lower face of the capacitor lower electrode is greater than a distance from the semiconductor substrate to a lower face of the wiring layer. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising a cap insulating film in contact with the upper face of the wiring layer, the cap insulating film being contiguous with the capacitor insulating film. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the capacitor lower electrode is equal to or less than a thickness of the second metal layer. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor lower electrode and the second metal layer are contiguous with each other. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor insulating film is silicon nitride. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the distance from the semiconductor substrate to the upper face of the capacitor lower electrode is the same as the distance from the semiconductor substrate to the upper face of the wiring layer. 7. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a first insulating film on or above a semiconductor substrate; forming a second insulating film on the first insulating film; removing a partial region of the second insulating film by etching; forming a third insulating film on the second insulating film; forming, in the third insulating film, a groove that reaches the second insulating film; forming a first metal film in the groove and on the third insulating film; forming a second metal film on the first metal film; removing the second metal film on the third insulating film; removing the first metal film on the third insulating film by chemical mechanical polishing while leaving the first metal film in a recess of a surface of the third insulating film formed due to a step generated by the removing the partial region; forming a fourth insulating film on the first metal film and on the third insulating film; forming a third metal film on the fourth insulating film; and patterning the third metal film so as to leave the third metal film on the fourth insulating film, the fourth insulating film being formed on the first metal film in the recess. 8. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the second insulating film and the fourth insulating film are silicon nitride. 9. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the second metal film is copper. | A semiconductor device according to an embodiment includes a semiconductor substrate, a wiring layer on or above the semiconductor substrate, the wiring layer having a first metal layer and a second metal layer in contact with the first metal layer, a capacitor lower electrode on or above the semiconductor substrate, the capacitor lower electrode being the same material as the second metal layer, a capacitor insulating film on the capacitor lower electrode, and a capacitor upper electrode on the capacitor insulating film. A distance from the semiconductor substrate to an upper face of the capacitor lower electrode is equal to or less than a distance from the semiconductor substrate to an upper face of the wiring layer, and a distance from the semiconductor substrate to a lower face of the capacitor lower electrode is greater than a distance from the semiconductor substrate to a lower face of the wiring layer.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; a wiring layer provided on or above the semiconductor substrate, the wiring layer having a first metal layer and a second metal layer in contact with a lower face and a side face of the first metal layer; a capacitor lower electrode provided on or above the semiconductor substrate, the capacitor lower electrode being the same material as the second metal layer; a capacitor insulating film provided on the capacitor lower electrode; and a capacitor upper electrode provided on the capacitor insulating film, wherein a distance from the semiconductor substrate to an upper face of the capacitor lower electrode is equal to or less than a distance from the semiconductor substrate to an upper face of the wiring layer, and a distance from the semiconductor substrate to a lower face of the capacitor lower electrode is greater than a distance from the semiconductor substrate to a lower face of the wiring layer. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising a cap insulating film in contact with the upper face of the wiring layer, the cap insulating film being contiguous with the capacitor insulating film. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the capacitor lower electrode is equal to or less than a thickness of the second metal layer. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor lower electrode and the second metal layer are contiguous with each other. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor insulating film is silicon nitride. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the distance from the semiconductor substrate to the upper face of the capacitor lower electrode is the same as the distance from the semiconductor substrate to the upper face of the wiring layer. 7. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a first insulating film on or above a semiconductor substrate; forming a second insulating film on the first insulating film; removing a partial region of the second insulating film by etching; forming a third insulating film on the second insulating film; forming, in the third insulating film, a groove that reaches the second insulating film; forming a first metal film in the groove and on the third insulating film; forming a second metal film on the first metal film; removing the second metal film on the third insulating film; removing the first metal film on the third insulating film by chemical mechanical polishing while leaving the first metal film in a recess of a surface of the third insulating film formed due to a step generated by the removing the partial region; forming a fourth insulating film on the first metal film and on the third insulating film; forming a third metal film on the fourth insulating film; and patterning the third metal film so as to leave the third metal film on the fourth insulating film, the fourth insulating film being formed on the first metal film in the recess. 8. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the second insulating film and the fourth insulating film are silicon nitride. 9. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the second metal film is copper. | 3,700 |
339,232 | 16,800,091 | 3,711 | A touch panel having a visible area and a peripheral area includes a first substrate, a first metal nanowires layer, a first wiring component, and a first conductive adhesive layer. The first metal nanowires layer is formed on the surface of the first substrate and patterned to include a first sensing part corresponding to the visible area and a first connecting part corresponding to the peripheral area. The first wiring component includes a first carrier plate and a first peripheral trace. The first carrier plate is located corresponding to the peripheral area and has a hollow design corresponding to the visible area. The first peripheral trace is disposed on the surface of the first carrier plate adjacent to the side of the first metal nanowires layer. The first conductive adhesive layer, located corresponding to the peripheral area, is disposed between the first metal nanowires layer and the first wiring component. | 1. A touch panel having a visible area and a peripheral area comprising:
a first substrate; a first metal nanowire layer formed on a surface of the first substrate, wherein the first metal nanowire layer is patterned to comprise a first sensing part located corresponding to the visible area and a first connecting part located corresponding to the peripheral area; a first wiring component comprising a first carrier plate and a first peripheral trace, wherein the first carrier plate is located corresponding to the peripheral area, wherein the first carrier plate has a hollow design corresponding to the visible area, and wherein the first peripheral trace is disposed on a surface of a side of the first carrier plate that is adjacent to the first metal nanowire layer; and a first conductive adhesive layer disposed between the first metal nanowire layer and the first wiring component, wherein the first conductive adhesive layer is located corresponding to the peripheral area for electrically connecting the first connecting part with the first peripheral trace and fixing the first wiring component to the first metal nanowire layer. 2. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein the first peripheral trace comprises a metal wire and an insulating layer covering the metal wire. 3. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein one end of the first peripheral trace is a first overlapping part electrically connected to the first conductive adhesive layer and another end of the first peripheral trace is a bonding pad electrically connected to a flexible printed circuit board. 4. The touch panel of claim 3, wherein the first conductive adhesive layer comprises a first conductive adhesive and a first insulating adhesive surrounding the first conductive adhesive, and wherein the first connecting part, the first conductive adhesive, and the first overlapping part overlap in a vertical projection direction. 5. The touch panel of claim 1, further comprising an overcoat disposed on the first metal nanowire layer. 6. The touch panel of claim 1, further comprising a cover plate bonded to a surface of a side of the first substrate that is away from the first metal nanowire layer, or bonded to surfaces of the first metal nanowire layer and the first carrier plate away from the first substrate, through an optical adhesive. 7. The touch panel of claim 1, further comprising:
a second metal nanowire layer formed on a surface of a side of the first substrate that is away from the first metal nanowire layer, wherein the second metal nanowire layer is patterned to comprise a second sensing part located corresponding to the visible area and a second connecting part located corresponding to the peripheral area; a second wiring component comprising a second carrier plate and a second peripheral trace, wherein the second carrier plate is located corresponding to the peripheral area, wherein the second carrier plate has a hollow design corresponding to the visible area, and wherein the second peripheral trace is formed on a surface of a side of the second carrier plate that is adjacent to the second metal nanowire layer; and a second conductive adhesive layer disposed between the second metal nanowire layer and the second wiring component, wherein the second conductive adhesive layer is located corresponding to the peripheral area for electrically connecting the second connecting part with the second peripheral trace and fixing the second wiring component to the second metal nanowire layer. 8. The touch panel of claim 7, wherein each of the first peripheral trace and the second peripheral trace comprises a metal wire and an insulating layer covering the metal wire. 9. The touch panel of claim 7, wherein one end of the first peripheral trace is a first overlapping part electrically connected to the first conductive adhesive layer and another end of the first peripheral trace is a first bonding pad electrically connected to a flexible printed circuit board, and wherein one end of the second peripheral trace is a second overlapping part electrically connected to the second conductive adhesive layer and another end of the second peripheral trace is a second bonding pad electrically connected to the flexible printed circuit board. 10. The touch panel of claim 9, wherein the first conductive adhesive layer comprises a first conductive adhesive and a first insulating adhesive surrounding the first conductive adhesive, wherein the first connecting part, the first conductive adhesive, and the first overlapping part overlap in a vertical projection direction, wherein the second conductive adhesive layer comprises a second conductive adhesive and a second insulating adhesive surrounding the second conductive adhesive, and wherein the second connecting part, the second conductive adhesive, and the second overlapping part overlap in the vertical projection direction. 11. The touch panel of claim 7, wherein the first carrier plate and the second carrier plate are integrated into a same carrier plate. 12. The touch panel of claim 7, further comprising an overcoat disposed on each of the first metal nanowire layer and the second metal nanowire layer. 13. The touch panel of claim 7, further comprising a cover plate bonded to surfaces of sides of the first metal nanowire layer and the first carrier plate that are away from the first substrate through an optical adhesive. 14. The touch panel of claim 1, further comprising:
a second substrate overlapped with the first substrate; a second metal nanowire layer formed on a surface of the second substrate, wherein the second metal nanowire layer is patterned to comprise a second sensing part located corresponding to the visible area and a second connecting part located corresponding to the peripheral area; a second wiring component comprising a second carrier plate and a second peripheral trace, wherein the second carrier plate is located corresponding to the peripheral area, wherein the second carrier plate has a hollow design corresponding to the visible area, and wherein the second peripheral trace is formed on a surface of a side of the second carrier plate that is adjacent to the second metal nanowire layer; and a second conductive adhesive layer disposed between the second metal nanowire layer and the second wiring component, wherein the second conductive adhesive layer is located corresponding to the peripheral area for electrically connecting the second connecting part with the second peripheral trace and fixing the second wiring component to the second metal nanowire layer. 15. The touch panel of claim 14, further comprising an optical adhesive layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first substrate is between the first metal nanowire layer and the optical adhesive layer, and wherein the second substrate is between the second metal nanowire layer and the optical adhesive layer. 16. The touch panel of claim 14, further comprising an optical adhesive layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first substrate is between the first metal nanowire layer and the optical adhesive layer, and wherein the second metal nanowire layer is between the optical adhesive layer and the second substrate. 17. The touch panel of claim 14, wherein one end of the first peripheral trace is a first overlapping part electrically connected to the first conductive adhesive layer and another end of the first peripheral trace is a first bonding pad electrically connected to a flexible printed circuit board, and wherein one end of the second peripheral trace is a second overlapping part electrically connected to the second conductive adhesive layer and another end of the second peripheral trace is a second bonding pad electrically connected to the flexible printed circuit board. 18. The touch panel of claim 17, wherein the first conductive adhesive layer comprises a first conductive adhesive and a first insulating adhesive surrounding the first conductive adhesive, wherein the first connecting part, the first conductive adhesive, and the first overlapping part overlap in a vertical projection direction, wherein the second conductive adhesive layer comprises a second conductive adhesive and a second insulating adhesive surrounding the second conductive adhesive, and wherein the second connecting part, the second conductive adhesive, and the second overlapping part overlap in the vertical projection direction. 19. The touch panel of claim 14, further comprising an overcoat disposed on each of the first metal nanowire layer and the second metal nanowire layer. 20. The touch panel of claim 14, further comprising a cover plate bonded to surfaces of the first metal nanowire layer and the first carrier plate that are away from the first substrate, or bonded to a surface of a side of the second substrate that is away from the second metal nanowire layer, through an optical adhesive. | A touch panel having a visible area and a peripheral area includes a first substrate, a first metal nanowires layer, a first wiring component, and a first conductive adhesive layer. The first metal nanowires layer is formed on the surface of the first substrate and patterned to include a first sensing part corresponding to the visible area and a first connecting part corresponding to the peripheral area. The first wiring component includes a first carrier plate and a first peripheral trace. The first carrier plate is located corresponding to the peripheral area and has a hollow design corresponding to the visible area. The first peripheral trace is disposed on the surface of the first carrier plate adjacent to the side of the first metal nanowires layer. The first conductive adhesive layer, located corresponding to the peripheral area, is disposed between the first metal nanowires layer and the first wiring component.1. A touch panel having a visible area and a peripheral area comprising:
a first substrate; a first metal nanowire layer formed on a surface of the first substrate, wherein the first metal nanowire layer is patterned to comprise a first sensing part located corresponding to the visible area and a first connecting part located corresponding to the peripheral area; a first wiring component comprising a first carrier plate and a first peripheral trace, wherein the first carrier plate is located corresponding to the peripheral area, wherein the first carrier plate has a hollow design corresponding to the visible area, and wherein the first peripheral trace is disposed on a surface of a side of the first carrier plate that is adjacent to the first metal nanowire layer; and a first conductive adhesive layer disposed between the first metal nanowire layer and the first wiring component, wherein the first conductive adhesive layer is located corresponding to the peripheral area for electrically connecting the first connecting part with the first peripheral trace and fixing the first wiring component to the first metal nanowire layer. 2. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein the first peripheral trace comprises a metal wire and an insulating layer covering the metal wire. 3. The touch panel of claim 1, wherein one end of the first peripheral trace is a first overlapping part electrically connected to the first conductive adhesive layer and another end of the first peripheral trace is a bonding pad electrically connected to a flexible printed circuit board. 4. The touch panel of claim 3, wherein the first conductive adhesive layer comprises a first conductive adhesive and a first insulating adhesive surrounding the first conductive adhesive, and wherein the first connecting part, the first conductive adhesive, and the first overlapping part overlap in a vertical projection direction. 5. The touch panel of claim 1, further comprising an overcoat disposed on the first metal nanowire layer. 6. The touch panel of claim 1, further comprising a cover plate bonded to a surface of a side of the first substrate that is away from the first metal nanowire layer, or bonded to surfaces of the first metal nanowire layer and the first carrier plate away from the first substrate, through an optical adhesive. 7. The touch panel of claim 1, further comprising:
a second metal nanowire layer formed on a surface of a side of the first substrate that is away from the first metal nanowire layer, wherein the second metal nanowire layer is patterned to comprise a second sensing part located corresponding to the visible area and a second connecting part located corresponding to the peripheral area; a second wiring component comprising a second carrier plate and a second peripheral trace, wherein the second carrier plate is located corresponding to the peripheral area, wherein the second carrier plate has a hollow design corresponding to the visible area, and wherein the second peripheral trace is formed on a surface of a side of the second carrier plate that is adjacent to the second metal nanowire layer; and a second conductive adhesive layer disposed between the second metal nanowire layer and the second wiring component, wherein the second conductive adhesive layer is located corresponding to the peripheral area for electrically connecting the second connecting part with the second peripheral trace and fixing the second wiring component to the second metal nanowire layer. 8. The touch panel of claim 7, wherein each of the first peripheral trace and the second peripheral trace comprises a metal wire and an insulating layer covering the metal wire. 9. The touch panel of claim 7, wherein one end of the first peripheral trace is a first overlapping part electrically connected to the first conductive adhesive layer and another end of the first peripheral trace is a first bonding pad electrically connected to a flexible printed circuit board, and wherein one end of the second peripheral trace is a second overlapping part electrically connected to the second conductive adhesive layer and another end of the second peripheral trace is a second bonding pad electrically connected to the flexible printed circuit board. 10. The touch panel of claim 9, wherein the first conductive adhesive layer comprises a first conductive adhesive and a first insulating adhesive surrounding the first conductive adhesive, wherein the first connecting part, the first conductive adhesive, and the first overlapping part overlap in a vertical projection direction, wherein the second conductive adhesive layer comprises a second conductive adhesive and a second insulating adhesive surrounding the second conductive adhesive, and wherein the second connecting part, the second conductive adhesive, and the second overlapping part overlap in the vertical projection direction. 11. The touch panel of claim 7, wherein the first carrier plate and the second carrier plate are integrated into a same carrier plate. 12. The touch panel of claim 7, further comprising an overcoat disposed on each of the first metal nanowire layer and the second metal nanowire layer. 13. The touch panel of claim 7, further comprising a cover plate bonded to surfaces of sides of the first metal nanowire layer and the first carrier plate that are away from the first substrate through an optical adhesive. 14. The touch panel of claim 1, further comprising:
a second substrate overlapped with the first substrate; a second metal nanowire layer formed on a surface of the second substrate, wherein the second metal nanowire layer is patterned to comprise a second sensing part located corresponding to the visible area and a second connecting part located corresponding to the peripheral area; a second wiring component comprising a second carrier plate and a second peripheral trace, wherein the second carrier plate is located corresponding to the peripheral area, wherein the second carrier plate has a hollow design corresponding to the visible area, and wherein the second peripheral trace is formed on a surface of a side of the second carrier plate that is adjacent to the second metal nanowire layer; and a second conductive adhesive layer disposed between the second metal nanowire layer and the second wiring component, wherein the second conductive adhesive layer is located corresponding to the peripheral area for electrically connecting the second connecting part with the second peripheral trace and fixing the second wiring component to the second metal nanowire layer. 15. The touch panel of claim 14, further comprising an optical adhesive layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first substrate is between the first metal nanowire layer and the optical adhesive layer, and wherein the second substrate is between the second metal nanowire layer and the optical adhesive layer. 16. The touch panel of claim 14, further comprising an optical adhesive layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first substrate is between the first metal nanowire layer and the optical adhesive layer, and wherein the second metal nanowire layer is between the optical adhesive layer and the second substrate. 17. The touch panel of claim 14, wherein one end of the first peripheral trace is a first overlapping part electrically connected to the first conductive adhesive layer and another end of the first peripheral trace is a first bonding pad electrically connected to a flexible printed circuit board, and wherein one end of the second peripheral trace is a second overlapping part electrically connected to the second conductive adhesive layer and another end of the second peripheral trace is a second bonding pad electrically connected to the flexible printed circuit board. 18. The touch panel of claim 17, wherein the first conductive adhesive layer comprises a first conductive adhesive and a first insulating adhesive surrounding the first conductive adhesive, wherein the first connecting part, the first conductive adhesive, and the first overlapping part overlap in a vertical projection direction, wherein the second conductive adhesive layer comprises a second conductive adhesive and a second insulating adhesive surrounding the second conductive adhesive, and wherein the second connecting part, the second conductive adhesive, and the second overlapping part overlap in the vertical projection direction. 19. The touch panel of claim 14, further comprising an overcoat disposed on each of the first metal nanowire layer and the second metal nanowire layer. 20. The touch panel of claim 14, further comprising a cover plate bonded to surfaces of the first metal nanowire layer and the first carrier plate that are away from the first substrate, or bonded to a surface of a side of the second substrate that is away from the second metal nanowire layer, through an optical adhesive. | 3,700 |
339,233 | 16,800,129 | 3,711 | A leading edge structure for an aerofoil is disclosed. The leading edge structure includes a skin configured to form an external aerodynamic surface of the aerofoil. The skin includes a plurality of first regions interleaved with a plurality of second regions. Each first region includes a plurality of holes extending through the skin, and each second region includes an electrical heating system configured to increase the temperature of the skin. | 1. A leading edge structure for an aerofoil, the leading edge structure comprising a skin configured to form an external aerodynamic surface of the aerofoil, wherein the skin comprises a plurality of first regions interleaved with a plurality of second regions, and wherein:
each first region comprises a plurality of holes extending through the skin; and each second region comprises an electrical heating system configured to increase the temperature of the skin. 2. A leading edge structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second regions comprises a strip having a long axis substantially parallel to a spanwise axis of the leading edge structure. 3. A leading edge structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second regions comprises a strip having a long axis substantially parallel to a profile direction of the leading edge structure. 4. A leading edge structure according to claim 1, wherein each first region forms a wall of an enclosed chamber provided within the leading edge structure, such that the holes provide an air flow path between the interior of the chamber and the exterior of the leading edge structure. 5. A leading edge structure according to claim 4, wherein each chamber is configured to be fluidically connectable to a suction pump of a hybrid laminar flow system. 6. A leading edge structure according to claim 4, wherein at least one chamber provided within the leading edge structure has a wall formed by at least two first regions and at least one second region. 7. A leading edge structure according to claim 6, wherein the at least two first regions forming the wall of the at least one chamber are each smaller than other first regions of the leading edge structure; and/or the at least one second region forming the wall of the at least one chamber is smaller than other second regions of the leading edge structure. 8. A leading edge structure according to claim 4, wherein at least one chamber comprises a hollow duct have a long axis parallel to a spanwise axis of the leading edge structure, or parallel to a profile direction of the leading edge structure. 9. A leading edge structure according to claim 8, wherein the at least one chamber comprises a stringer. 10. A leading edge structure according to claim 1, wherein each second region comprises a plurality of electrically conductive elements extending across that second region. 11. A leading edge structure according to claim 10, wherein the electrically conductive elements form a mesh. 12. A leading edge structure according to claim 1, wherein the electrical heating systems are comprised in a wing ice protection system. 13. An aircraft wing comprising a leading edge structure according to claim 1. 14. An aircraft wing according to claim 13, further comprising a hybrid laminar flow control system having a suction pump in fluid communication with the holes. 15. An aircraft comprising an aircraft wing according to claim 13. | A leading edge structure for an aerofoil is disclosed. The leading edge structure includes a skin configured to form an external aerodynamic surface of the aerofoil. The skin includes a plurality of first regions interleaved with a plurality of second regions. Each first region includes a plurality of holes extending through the skin, and each second region includes an electrical heating system configured to increase the temperature of the skin.1. A leading edge structure for an aerofoil, the leading edge structure comprising a skin configured to form an external aerodynamic surface of the aerofoil, wherein the skin comprises a plurality of first regions interleaved with a plurality of second regions, and wherein:
each first region comprises a plurality of holes extending through the skin; and each second region comprises an electrical heating system configured to increase the temperature of the skin. 2. A leading edge structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second regions comprises a strip having a long axis substantially parallel to a spanwise axis of the leading edge structure. 3. A leading edge structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second regions comprises a strip having a long axis substantially parallel to a profile direction of the leading edge structure. 4. A leading edge structure according to claim 1, wherein each first region forms a wall of an enclosed chamber provided within the leading edge structure, such that the holes provide an air flow path between the interior of the chamber and the exterior of the leading edge structure. 5. A leading edge structure according to claim 4, wherein each chamber is configured to be fluidically connectable to a suction pump of a hybrid laminar flow system. 6. A leading edge structure according to claim 4, wherein at least one chamber provided within the leading edge structure has a wall formed by at least two first regions and at least one second region. 7. A leading edge structure according to claim 6, wherein the at least two first regions forming the wall of the at least one chamber are each smaller than other first regions of the leading edge structure; and/or the at least one second region forming the wall of the at least one chamber is smaller than other second regions of the leading edge structure. 8. A leading edge structure according to claim 4, wherein at least one chamber comprises a hollow duct have a long axis parallel to a spanwise axis of the leading edge structure, or parallel to a profile direction of the leading edge structure. 9. A leading edge structure according to claim 8, wherein the at least one chamber comprises a stringer. 10. A leading edge structure according to claim 1, wherein each second region comprises a plurality of electrically conductive elements extending across that second region. 11. A leading edge structure according to claim 10, wherein the electrically conductive elements form a mesh. 12. A leading edge structure according to claim 1, wherein the electrical heating systems are comprised in a wing ice protection system. 13. An aircraft wing comprising a leading edge structure according to claim 1. 14. An aircraft wing according to claim 13, further comprising a hybrid laminar flow control system having a suction pump in fluid communication with the holes. 15. An aircraft comprising an aircraft wing according to claim 13. | 3,700 |
339,234 | 16,800,144 | 3,686 | Remote health services may be provided, for example, in real time, based on values of health metrics monitored remotely, and in some embodiments, continuously, for a recipient. The system may include a mobile health device configured to continually monitor or intermittently detect values of one or more health metrics. A mobile health device may be locally coupled to a recipient, and may include a health sensor that detects values of one or more health metrics of the recipient. Servers may be remotely coupled to the mobile health device and provide one or more health services based at least in part on health metric values detected by the health device. Providing the services may include determining health communication characteristics, and sending health communications from one or more servers to the mobile health device according to determined health communication characteristics. | 1.-135. (canceled) 136. A method of remotely providing a health service to a person for a health condition, comprising:
receiving at a device, in real time, values of a health metric detected by a health device locally coupled to the person and remotely coupled to the device; applying automated machine learning in real-time to the values and to historical information specific to the person, including information corresponding to the health condition, to determine an intervention as part of providing the health service, the intervention including performance of a determined action; and sending a communication from the device to the health device directing performance of the determined action. 137. The method of claim 136, further comprising:
determining a time at which to perform the determined action, wherein the communication indicates the time at which to perform the determined action. 138. The method of claim 136, further comprising:
determining whether an expiration time for the determined action has been reached; and preventing or halting the determined action based on determining that the expiration time has been reached. 139. The method of claim 136, further comprising:
generating a preliminary list of actions based on the values and on the historical information; comparing the preliminary list to a list of safe actions; and removing from the preliminary list any action that is not on the list of safe actions to produce a safe list of actions that includes the determined action. 140. The method of claim 136, further comprising:
generating a preliminary list of actions based on the values and on the historical information; determining a best action from the preliminary list; and sending a communication from the device to the health device directing performance of the best action. 141. A system for remotely providing a health service to a person for a health condition, comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory having code stored thereon that, when executed, receives at a device, in real time, values of a health metric detected by a health device locally coupled to the person and remotely coupled to the device, applies automated machine learning in real-time to the values and to historical information specific to the person, including information corresponding to the health condition, to determine an intervention as part of providing the first health service, the intervention including performance of a determined action, and sends a communication from the device to the health device directing performance of the determined action. 142. The system of claim 141, wherein the communication indicates a time at which to perform the determined action. 143. The system of claim 142, wherein the code determines whether an expiration time for the determined action has been reached and prevents or halts the determined action based on the determination that the expiration time has been reached. 144. The system of claim 141, wherein the code generates a preliminary list of actions based on the values and the historical information, compares the preliminary list to a list of safe actions, and removes from the preliminary list any action that is not on the list of safe actions to produce a safe list of actions that includes the determined action. 145. The system of claim 141, wherein the code generates a preliminary list of actions based on the values and the historical information, determines at least one best action from the preliminary list, and sends a communication from the device to the health device directing performance of the best action. 146. Non-transitory computer-readable media having software stored thereon for remotely providing a health service to a person for a health condition, the software comprising:
executable code that receives at a device, in real time, values of a health metric detected by a health device locally coupled to the person and remotely coupled to the device; executable code that applies automated machine learning in real-time to the values and to historical information specific to the person, including information corresponding to the health condition, to determine an intervention as part of providing the first health service, the intervention including performance of a determined action; and executable code that sends a communication from the device to the health device directing performance of the determined action. 147. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 146, the software further comprising:
executable code that determines a time at which to perform the determined action, wherein the communication indicates the time at which to perform the determined action. 148. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 147, the software further comprising:
executable code that determines whether an expiration time for the determined action has been reached; and executable code that prevents or halts the determined action based on the determination that the expiration time has been reached. 149. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 146, the software further comprising:
executable code that generates a preliminary list of actions based on the values and on the historical information; executable code that compares the preliminary list to a list of safe actions; and executable code that removes from the preliminary list any action that is not on the list of safe actions to produce a safe list of actions that includes the determined action. 150. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 146, the software further comprising:
executable code that generates a preliminary list of actions based on the values and the historical information; executable code that determines a best action from the preliminary list; and executable code that sends a communication from the device to the health device directing performance of the best action. | Remote health services may be provided, for example, in real time, based on values of health metrics monitored remotely, and in some embodiments, continuously, for a recipient. The system may include a mobile health device configured to continually monitor or intermittently detect values of one or more health metrics. A mobile health device may be locally coupled to a recipient, and may include a health sensor that detects values of one or more health metrics of the recipient. Servers may be remotely coupled to the mobile health device and provide one or more health services based at least in part on health metric values detected by the health device. Providing the services may include determining health communication characteristics, and sending health communications from one or more servers to the mobile health device according to determined health communication characteristics.1.-135. (canceled) 136. A method of remotely providing a health service to a person for a health condition, comprising:
receiving at a device, in real time, values of a health metric detected by a health device locally coupled to the person and remotely coupled to the device; applying automated machine learning in real-time to the values and to historical information specific to the person, including information corresponding to the health condition, to determine an intervention as part of providing the health service, the intervention including performance of a determined action; and sending a communication from the device to the health device directing performance of the determined action. 137. The method of claim 136, further comprising:
determining a time at which to perform the determined action, wherein the communication indicates the time at which to perform the determined action. 138. The method of claim 136, further comprising:
determining whether an expiration time for the determined action has been reached; and preventing or halting the determined action based on determining that the expiration time has been reached. 139. The method of claim 136, further comprising:
generating a preliminary list of actions based on the values and on the historical information; comparing the preliminary list to a list of safe actions; and removing from the preliminary list any action that is not on the list of safe actions to produce a safe list of actions that includes the determined action. 140. The method of claim 136, further comprising:
generating a preliminary list of actions based on the values and on the historical information; determining a best action from the preliminary list; and sending a communication from the device to the health device directing performance of the best action. 141. A system for remotely providing a health service to a person for a health condition, comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory having code stored thereon that, when executed, receives at a device, in real time, values of a health metric detected by a health device locally coupled to the person and remotely coupled to the device, applies automated machine learning in real-time to the values and to historical information specific to the person, including information corresponding to the health condition, to determine an intervention as part of providing the first health service, the intervention including performance of a determined action, and sends a communication from the device to the health device directing performance of the determined action. 142. The system of claim 141, wherein the communication indicates a time at which to perform the determined action. 143. The system of claim 142, wherein the code determines whether an expiration time for the determined action has been reached and prevents or halts the determined action based on the determination that the expiration time has been reached. 144. The system of claim 141, wherein the code generates a preliminary list of actions based on the values and the historical information, compares the preliminary list to a list of safe actions, and removes from the preliminary list any action that is not on the list of safe actions to produce a safe list of actions that includes the determined action. 145. The system of claim 141, wherein the code generates a preliminary list of actions based on the values and the historical information, determines at least one best action from the preliminary list, and sends a communication from the device to the health device directing performance of the best action. 146. Non-transitory computer-readable media having software stored thereon for remotely providing a health service to a person for a health condition, the software comprising:
executable code that receives at a device, in real time, values of a health metric detected by a health device locally coupled to the person and remotely coupled to the device; executable code that applies automated machine learning in real-time to the values and to historical information specific to the person, including information corresponding to the health condition, to determine an intervention as part of providing the first health service, the intervention including performance of a determined action; and executable code that sends a communication from the device to the health device directing performance of the determined action. 147. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 146, the software further comprising:
executable code that determines a time at which to perform the determined action, wherein the communication indicates the time at which to perform the determined action. 148. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 147, the software further comprising:
executable code that determines whether an expiration time for the determined action has been reached; and executable code that prevents or halts the determined action based on the determination that the expiration time has been reached. 149. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 146, the software further comprising:
executable code that generates a preliminary list of actions based on the values and on the historical information; executable code that compares the preliminary list to a list of safe actions; and executable code that removes from the preliminary list any action that is not on the list of safe actions to produce a safe list of actions that includes the determined action. 150. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 146, the software further comprising:
executable code that generates a preliminary list of actions based on the values and the historical information; executable code that determines a best action from the preliminary list; and executable code that sends a communication from the device to the health device directing performance of the best action. | 3,600 |
339,235 | 16,800,130 | 3,686 | According to one embodiment, a polyester resin is provided, which includes a structural unit derived from a compound represented by general formula (1), a structural unit derived from a compound represented by general formula (2), and a structural unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof. | 1. A polyester carbonate resin, comprising:
a structural unit derived from a compound represented by general formula (1) below: 2. The polyester carbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by general formula (2) is a compound represented by general formula (2a) below: 3. The polyester carbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof is naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, dicarboxylic acid having a fluorene group or an ester thereof. 4. The polyester carbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein in structural units derived from a dihydroxy compound in the polyester carbonate resin, the ratio of the structural unit derived from the compound represented by general formula (1) is 5 to 95 mol % and the ratio of the structural unit derived from the compound represented by general formula (2) is 2.5 to 47.5 mol %. 5. The polyester carbonate resin according to claim 1, which has a refractive index of 1.645 to 1.660. 6. The polyester carbonate resin according to claim 1, which has a polystyrene equivalent weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 14,000 to 100,000. 7. An optical member comprising the polyester carbonate resin according to claim 1. 8. The optical member according to claim 7, which is an optical lens of a single-lens reflex camera, a digital still camera, a video camera, a cellular phone with a camera, a disposable camera, a telescope, binoculars, a microscope or a projector. 9. A polycarbonate resin, which comprises:
a structural unit derived from a compound represented by general formula (1) below: 10. A polycarbonate resin, comprising:
a structural unit derived from a compound represented by general formula (1) below: 11. A resin composition, which comprises:
a polycarbonate resin comprising: a structural unit derived from a compound represented by general formula (1) below: 12. The resin composition according to claim 11, wherein the antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]. 13. The resin composition according to claim 11, wherein the mold release agent is an ester of an alcohol and a fatty acid. 14. The resin composition according to claim 13, wherein the ester of an alcohol and a fatty acid is monoglyceride stearate or monoglyceride laurate. | According to one embodiment, a polyester resin is provided, which includes a structural unit derived from a compound represented by general formula (1), a structural unit derived from a compound represented by general formula (2), and a structural unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof.1. A polyester carbonate resin, comprising:
a structural unit derived from a compound represented by general formula (1) below: 2. The polyester carbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by general formula (2) is a compound represented by general formula (2a) below: 3. The polyester carbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof is naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, dicarboxylic acid having a fluorene group or an ester thereof. 4. The polyester carbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein in structural units derived from a dihydroxy compound in the polyester carbonate resin, the ratio of the structural unit derived from the compound represented by general formula (1) is 5 to 95 mol % and the ratio of the structural unit derived from the compound represented by general formula (2) is 2.5 to 47.5 mol %. 5. The polyester carbonate resin according to claim 1, which has a refractive index of 1.645 to 1.660. 6. The polyester carbonate resin according to claim 1, which has a polystyrene equivalent weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 14,000 to 100,000. 7. An optical member comprising the polyester carbonate resin according to claim 1. 8. The optical member according to claim 7, which is an optical lens of a single-lens reflex camera, a digital still camera, a video camera, a cellular phone with a camera, a disposable camera, a telescope, binoculars, a microscope or a projector. 9. A polycarbonate resin, which comprises:
a structural unit derived from a compound represented by general formula (1) below: 10. A polycarbonate resin, comprising:
a structural unit derived from a compound represented by general formula (1) below: 11. A resin composition, which comprises:
a polycarbonate resin comprising: a structural unit derived from a compound represented by general formula (1) below: 12. The resin composition according to claim 11, wherein the antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]. 13. The resin composition according to claim 11, wherein the mold release agent is an ester of an alcohol and a fatty acid. 14. The resin composition according to claim 13, wherein the ester of an alcohol and a fatty acid is monoglyceride stearate or monoglyceride laurate. | 3,600 |
339,236 | 16,800,102 | 3,686 | A mechanism is provided for virtually rendering a portion of a three-dimensional (3D) object to a user via a tactile display. The mechanism receives a selection of the 3D object to be virtually rendered to a user. The mechanism identifies a subset of cells of a plurality of cells that form the tactile display required to virtually render a portion of the 3D object that will be virtually contacted by the tactile display. The mechanism selectively controls a fluid flow to the subset of cells that form the tactile display to render a sensation associated with the portion of the 3D object on skin of the user wearing the tactile display, wherein the fluid flow to each cell the subset of cells is provided via one or more electrostatic accelerator pumps. | 1. A tactile display comprising:
a controller comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory comprises instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: receive a selection of a three-dimensional (3D) object to be virtually rendered to a user; identify a subset of cells of a plurality of cells that form the tactile display required to virtually render a portion of the 3D object that will be virtually contacted by the tactile display; and selectively control a fluid flow to the subset of cells that form the tactile display to render a sensation associated with the portion of the 3D object on skin of the user wearing the tactile display, wherein the fluid flow to each cell the subset of cells is, provided via one or more electrostatic accelerator pumps. 2. (canceled) 3. The tactile display of claim 1, wherein each electrostatic accelerator pump uses an electric field to propel electrically charged air molecules to the subset of cells thereby generating the fluid flow. 4. The tactile display of claim 1, wherein the fluid flow to each cell in the subset of cells is controlled by controlling each of the one or more electrostatic accelerator pumps providing the fluid flow to the subset of cells. 5. The tactile display of claim 1, wherein the fluid flow to each cell in the subset of cells is controlled via a flow control device between the cell and the electrostatic accelerator pump providing the fluid flow to the cell, wherein each flow control device is coupled to the associated cell via an associated pneumatic tube, and wherein the pneumatic tube is manufactured out of a material from a group consisting of nylon, polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 6. The tactile display of claim 5, wherein the flow control device is a device from a group consisting of an electronically controlled valve, an electronically controlled flap, and an electronically controlled gate. 7. The tactile display of claim 1, wherein the controller controls the fluid flow to each cell in the subset of cells by manipulating at least one of a state, intensity, duration, or a pulse frequency of the fluid flow. 8. The tactile display of claim 1, wherein the tactile display forms an article of clothing that covers some or all of the user's body with unobstructed access to the skin of the user. 9. The tactile display of claim 1, wherein the tactile display further comprises at least one of a motion sensor or a position sensor that provides feedback to the controller thereby changing the output of fluid flow to the subset of cells in the plurality of cells that form the tactile display to render a different sensation of the virtual three-dimensional object on the skin of the user wearing the tactile display. 10. The tactile display of claim 9, wherein the feedback to the controller causes the processor to selectively control fluid flow to another subset of cells in the plurality of cells that form the tactile display to render the different sensation of the virtual three-dimensional object on the skin of the user wearing the tactile display. 11. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having a computer readable program stored therein, wherein the computer readable program, when executed on a computing device, causes the computing device to:
receive a selection of a three-dimensional (3D) object to be virtually rendered to a user; identify a subset of cells of a plurality of cells that form the tactile display required to virtually render a portion of the 3D object that will be virtually contacted by the tactile display; and selectively control a fluid flow to the subset of cells that form the tactile display to render a sensation associated with the portion of the 3D object on skin of the user wearing the tactile display, wherein the fluid flow to each cell the subset of cells is provided via one or more electrostatic accelerator pumps. 12. (canceled) 13. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein each electrostatic accelerator pump uses an electric field to propel electrically charged air molecules to the subset of cells thereby generating the fluid flow. 14. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the fluid flow to each cell in the subset of cells is controlled by controlling each of the one or more electrostatic accelerator pumps providing the fluid flow to the subset of cells. 15. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the fluid flow to each cell in the subset of cells is controlled via a flow control device between the cell and the electrostatic accelerator pump providing the fluid flow to the cell, wherein each flow control device is coupled to the associated cell via an associated pneumatic tube, and wherein the pneumatic tube is manufactured out of a material from a group consisting of nylon, polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the flow control device is a device from a group consisting of an electronically controlled valve, an electronically controlled flap, and an electronically controlled gate. 17. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the controller controls the fluid flow to each cell in the subset of cells by manipulating at least one of a state, intensity, duration, or a pulse frequency of the fluid flow. 18. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the tactile display further comprises at least one of a motion sensor or a position sensor that provides feedback to the controller thereby changing the output of fluid flow to the subset of cells in the plurality of cells that form the tactile display to render a different sensation of the virtual three-dimensional object on the skin of the user wearing the tactile display. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the feedback to the controller causes the processor to selectively control fluid flow to another subset of cells in the plurality of cells that form the tactile display to render the different sensation of the virtual three-dimensional object on the skin of the user wearing the tactile display. 20. A method, in a data processing system, for virtually rendering a portion of a three-dimensional (3D) object to a user via a tactile display, the method comprising:
receive a selection of the 3D object to be virtually rendered to a user; identify a subset of cells of a plurality of cells that form the tactile display required to virtually render a portion of the 3D object that will be virtually contacted by the tactile display; and selectively control a fluid flow to the subset of cells that form the tactile display to render a sensation associated with the portion of the 3D object on skin of the user wearing the tactile display, wherein the fluid flow to each cell the subset of cells is provided via one or more electrostatic accelerator pumps. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the fluid flow to each cell in the subset cells is controlled via a flow control device between the cell and the electrostatic accelerator pump providing the fluid flow to the cell, wherein each flow control device is coupled to the associated cell via an associated pneumatic tube, and wherein the pneumatic tube is manufactured out of a material from a group consisting of nylon, polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the flow control device is a device from a group consisting of an electronically controlled valve, an electronically controlled flap, and an electronically controlled gate. | A mechanism is provided for virtually rendering a portion of a three-dimensional (3D) object to a user via a tactile display. The mechanism receives a selection of the 3D object to be virtually rendered to a user. The mechanism identifies a subset of cells of a plurality of cells that form the tactile display required to virtually render a portion of the 3D object that will be virtually contacted by the tactile display. The mechanism selectively controls a fluid flow to the subset of cells that form the tactile display to render a sensation associated with the portion of the 3D object on skin of the user wearing the tactile display, wherein the fluid flow to each cell the subset of cells is provided via one or more electrostatic accelerator pumps.1. A tactile display comprising:
a controller comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory comprises instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: receive a selection of a three-dimensional (3D) object to be virtually rendered to a user; identify a subset of cells of a plurality of cells that form the tactile display required to virtually render a portion of the 3D object that will be virtually contacted by the tactile display; and selectively control a fluid flow to the subset of cells that form the tactile display to render a sensation associated with the portion of the 3D object on skin of the user wearing the tactile display, wherein the fluid flow to each cell the subset of cells is, provided via one or more electrostatic accelerator pumps. 2. (canceled) 3. The tactile display of claim 1, wherein each electrostatic accelerator pump uses an electric field to propel electrically charged air molecules to the subset of cells thereby generating the fluid flow. 4. The tactile display of claim 1, wherein the fluid flow to each cell in the subset of cells is controlled by controlling each of the one or more electrostatic accelerator pumps providing the fluid flow to the subset of cells. 5. The tactile display of claim 1, wherein the fluid flow to each cell in the subset of cells is controlled via a flow control device between the cell and the electrostatic accelerator pump providing the fluid flow to the cell, wherein each flow control device is coupled to the associated cell via an associated pneumatic tube, and wherein the pneumatic tube is manufactured out of a material from a group consisting of nylon, polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 6. The tactile display of claim 5, wherein the flow control device is a device from a group consisting of an electronically controlled valve, an electronically controlled flap, and an electronically controlled gate. 7. The tactile display of claim 1, wherein the controller controls the fluid flow to each cell in the subset of cells by manipulating at least one of a state, intensity, duration, or a pulse frequency of the fluid flow. 8. The tactile display of claim 1, wherein the tactile display forms an article of clothing that covers some or all of the user's body with unobstructed access to the skin of the user. 9. The tactile display of claim 1, wherein the tactile display further comprises at least one of a motion sensor or a position sensor that provides feedback to the controller thereby changing the output of fluid flow to the subset of cells in the plurality of cells that form the tactile display to render a different sensation of the virtual three-dimensional object on the skin of the user wearing the tactile display. 10. The tactile display of claim 9, wherein the feedback to the controller causes the processor to selectively control fluid flow to another subset of cells in the plurality of cells that form the tactile display to render the different sensation of the virtual three-dimensional object on the skin of the user wearing the tactile display. 11. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having a computer readable program stored therein, wherein the computer readable program, when executed on a computing device, causes the computing device to:
receive a selection of a three-dimensional (3D) object to be virtually rendered to a user; identify a subset of cells of a plurality of cells that form the tactile display required to virtually render a portion of the 3D object that will be virtually contacted by the tactile display; and selectively control a fluid flow to the subset of cells that form the tactile display to render a sensation associated with the portion of the 3D object on skin of the user wearing the tactile display, wherein the fluid flow to each cell the subset of cells is provided via one or more electrostatic accelerator pumps. 12. (canceled) 13. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein each electrostatic accelerator pump uses an electric field to propel electrically charged air molecules to the subset of cells thereby generating the fluid flow. 14. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the fluid flow to each cell in the subset of cells is controlled by controlling each of the one or more electrostatic accelerator pumps providing the fluid flow to the subset of cells. 15. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the fluid flow to each cell in the subset of cells is controlled via a flow control device between the cell and the electrostatic accelerator pump providing the fluid flow to the cell, wherein each flow control device is coupled to the associated cell via an associated pneumatic tube, and wherein the pneumatic tube is manufactured out of a material from a group consisting of nylon, polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the flow control device is a device from a group consisting of an electronically controlled valve, an electronically controlled flap, and an electronically controlled gate. 17. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the controller controls the fluid flow to each cell in the subset of cells by manipulating at least one of a state, intensity, duration, or a pulse frequency of the fluid flow. 18. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the tactile display further comprises at least one of a motion sensor or a position sensor that provides feedback to the controller thereby changing the output of fluid flow to the subset of cells in the plurality of cells that form the tactile display to render a different sensation of the virtual three-dimensional object on the skin of the user wearing the tactile display. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the feedback to the controller causes the processor to selectively control fluid flow to another subset of cells in the plurality of cells that form the tactile display to render the different sensation of the virtual three-dimensional object on the skin of the user wearing the tactile display. 20. A method, in a data processing system, for virtually rendering a portion of a three-dimensional (3D) object to a user via a tactile display, the method comprising:
receive a selection of the 3D object to be virtually rendered to a user; identify a subset of cells of a plurality of cells that form the tactile display required to virtually render a portion of the 3D object that will be virtually contacted by the tactile display; and selectively control a fluid flow to the subset of cells that form the tactile display to render a sensation associated with the portion of the 3D object on skin of the user wearing the tactile display, wherein the fluid flow to each cell the subset of cells is provided via one or more electrostatic accelerator pumps. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the fluid flow to each cell in the subset cells is controlled via a flow control device between the cell and the electrostatic accelerator pump providing the fluid flow to the cell, wherein each flow control device is coupled to the associated cell via an associated pneumatic tube, and wherein the pneumatic tube is manufactured out of a material from a group consisting of nylon, polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the flow control device is a device from a group consisting of an electronically controlled valve, an electronically controlled flap, and an electronically controlled gate. | 3,600 |
339,237 | 16,800,131 | 3,686 | The invention relates to a cleaning apparatus (10) for functionally regenerating a brush (20) which can be used for washing a flexographic plate; in particular, the apparatus is configured to regenerate a brush (20) comprising a cylindrical core (5) about which a channel (4) supporting filaments (3) is fixed according to a spiral shape. The apparatus comprises a frame defining a rotation axis (100) for the brush and a motorized assembly, which can be operatively connected to an end of said cylindrical core (5) of the brush (20) to rotate it about the rotation axis (100). The apparatus (10) further comprises a cleaning unit (30) comprising a carriage (31), movable along a rectilinear guide (32) and a tool (33) provided with an end (33A) adapted to penetrate into the spaces defined between the turns of the spiral to detach the polymer and monomer residues hardened in said spaces as a result of the use of said brush for said washing. | 1) A cleaning apparatus (10) for functionally regenerating a brush (20) which can be used to wash a flexographic plate, said brush (20) comprising a cylindrical core (5) about which a channel (4) supporting filaments (3) is fixed according to a spiral shape, characterized in that it comprises:
a frame comprising at least two supports (11,12) adapted to define a rotation axis (100) for said brush (20); a motorized assembly (60), which can be operatively connected to an end of said cylindrical core (5) of said brush (20) to rotate it about said rotation axis (100); a cleaning unit (30) comprising a carriage (31), movable along a rectilinear guide (32) and a tool (33) provided with an end (33A) adapted to penetrate into the spaces defined between the turns of said spiral to detach the polymer and monomer residues hardened in said spaces as a result of the use of said brush for said washing, wherein said guide (32) is configured so as to force said carriage (31) to move, due to the spiral shape of said channel (4) and as a result of the rotation of said brush (20), along an advancement direction (101) substantially parallel to said rotation axis (100) of said brush (20). 2) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises suction means (50) for aspirating the monomer-polymer residues detached as a result of the scraping action of the tool (33). 3) An apparatus (10) according to claim 2, wherein said suction means (51) comprise an extractor fan (54), a suction tube comprising a suction mouth (51) and a discharge section (53) communicating with a collection container (53) of said polymer or monomer residues. 4) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises a moving unit operatively connected to said suction mouth (51) to move it along a direction (101) parallel to said rotation axis (100) of said brush (20) so as to keep said suction mouth (51) in a position close to that of said tool (33) during the advancement of the latter along the movement direction (101). 5) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said end (33A) of said tool (33) is tapered. 6) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises adjusting means for adjusting the position of said tool (33) with respect to said rotation axis (100) of said brush (20). 7) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said motorized assembly (60) comprises a motor (68) which either directly or indirectly actuates a chuck (61) provided with a self-locking collet (62) adapted to grip one end of the core (5) of said brush (20). 8) An apparatus (10) according to claim 7, wherein said motor (68) actuates a gear motor (65), which in turn causes the rotation of said chuck (61), said chuck (61) being rotatable in both possible directions of rotation. 9) An apparatus (10) according to claim 7, wherein said motor assembly (60) comprises friction means (66) operatively interposed between said motor (68) and said chuck (61) to transmit the torque generated by said motor (68) in gradual manner to said chuck (61). 10) An apparatus (10) according to claim 8, wherein said motor assembly (60) comprises friction means (66) operatively interposed between said motor (68) and said chuck (61) to transmit the torque generated by said motor (68) in gradual manner to said chuck (61). 11) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises a self-aligning bearing (70) to support an end (5B) of said cylindrical core (5) opposite to an end (5A) intended to be operatively connected to said motor assembly (60). 12) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises a control unit (80) operatively connected at least to said motor assembly (60) to control the actuation thereof. 13) An apparatus (10) according to claim 12 when dependent from claim 3, wherein said control unit (80) is operatively connected to said suction means (50) to control the activation and deactivation thereof. 14) An apparatus (10) according to claim 12, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises sensors (85) to detect the position of said tool (33) and wherein said control unit (80) is electrically connected to said sensors (10) to receive from them a signal characteristic of the position reached by said tool (33). 15) An apparatus (10) according to claim 13, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises sensors (85) to detect the position of said tool (33) and wherein said control unit (80) is electrically connected to said sensors (10) to receive from them a signal characteristic of the position reached by said tool (33). 16) A method for functionally regenerating a brush (20) for cleaning a flexographic plate, wherein said brush comprises a cylindrical core (5) about which a channel (4) supporting filaments (3) is fixed according to a spiral shape, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
A. connecting the brush to a motorized assembly adapted to rotate it about a rotation axis coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the brush itself; B. preparing a tool for removing the hardened polymer-monomer residues from between the turns of the brush by forcing said tool to move in a direction parallel to the rotation axis of said brush; C. positioning said tool so that a scraping end thereof fits between the turns of the spiral defined by said channel about the core of said brush; D. rotating said brush, by means of said motorized assembly, about said rotation axis so that the rotation of the brush determines an advancement of the tool along the advancement direction due to the spiral shape of said channel. 17) A method according to claim 16, wherein in said step D, said brush is rotated in a first predetermined rotation direction so that said tool completes a first cleaning cycle by advancing in a first direction along the advancement direction and wherein said method comprises the step of
E. reversing the rotation direction of said brush at the end of said first cleaning cycle so as to make a second cleaning cycle, wherein the advancement of said tool, along said advancement direction, takes place in a second direction opposite to said first direction. | The invention relates to a cleaning apparatus (10) for functionally regenerating a brush (20) which can be used for washing a flexographic plate; in particular, the apparatus is configured to regenerate a brush (20) comprising a cylindrical core (5) about which a channel (4) supporting filaments (3) is fixed according to a spiral shape. The apparatus comprises a frame defining a rotation axis (100) for the brush and a motorized assembly, which can be operatively connected to an end of said cylindrical core (5) of the brush (20) to rotate it about the rotation axis (100). The apparatus (10) further comprises a cleaning unit (30) comprising a carriage (31), movable along a rectilinear guide (32) and a tool (33) provided with an end (33A) adapted to penetrate into the spaces defined between the turns of the spiral to detach the polymer and monomer residues hardened in said spaces as a result of the use of said brush for said washing.1) A cleaning apparatus (10) for functionally regenerating a brush (20) which can be used to wash a flexographic plate, said brush (20) comprising a cylindrical core (5) about which a channel (4) supporting filaments (3) is fixed according to a spiral shape, characterized in that it comprises:
a frame comprising at least two supports (11,12) adapted to define a rotation axis (100) for said brush (20); a motorized assembly (60), which can be operatively connected to an end of said cylindrical core (5) of said brush (20) to rotate it about said rotation axis (100); a cleaning unit (30) comprising a carriage (31), movable along a rectilinear guide (32) and a tool (33) provided with an end (33A) adapted to penetrate into the spaces defined between the turns of said spiral to detach the polymer and monomer residues hardened in said spaces as a result of the use of said brush for said washing, wherein said guide (32) is configured so as to force said carriage (31) to move, due to the spiral shape of said channel (4) and as a result of the rotation of said brush (20), along an advancement direction (101) substantially parallel to said rotation axis (100) of said brush (20). 2) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises suction means (50) for aspirating the monomer-polymer residues detached as a result of the scraping action of the tool (33). 3) An apparatus (10) according to claim 2, wherein said suction means (51) comprise an extractor fan (54), a suction tube comprising a suction mouth (51) and a discharge section (53) communicating with a collection container (53) of said polymer or monomer residues. 4) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises a moving unit operatively connected to said suction mouth (51) to move it along a direction (101) parallel to said rotation axis (100) of said brush (20) so as to keep said suction mouth (51) in a position close to that of said tool (33) during the advancement of the latter along the movement direction (101). 5) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said end (33A) of said tool (33) is tapered. 6) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises adjusting means for adjusting the position of said tool (33) with respect to said rotation axis (100) of said brush (20). 7) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said motorized assembly (60) comprises a motor (68) which either directly or indirectly actuates a chuck (61) provided with a self-locking collet (62) adapted to grip one end of the core (5) of said brush (20). 8) An apparatus (10) according to claim 7, wherein said motor (68) actuates a gear motor (65), which in turn causes the rotation of said chuck (61), said chuck (61) being rotatable in both possible directions of rotation. 9) An apparatus (10) according to claim 7, wherein said motor assembly (60) comprises friction means (66) operatively interposed between said motor (68) and said chuck (61) to transmit the torque generated by said motor (68) in gradual manner to said chuck (61). 10) An apparatus (10) according to claim 8, wherein said motor assembly (60) comprises friction means (66) operatively interposed between said motor (68) and said chuck (61) to transmit the torque generated by said motor (68) in gradual manner to said chuck (61). 11) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises a self-aligning bearing (70) to support an end (5B) of said cylindrical core (5) opposite to an end (5A) intended to be operatively connected to said motor assembly (60). 12) An apparatus (10) according to claim 1, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises a control unit (80) operatively connected at least to said motor assembly (60) to control the actuation thereof. 13) An apparatus (10) according to claim 12 when dependent from claim 3, wherein said control unit (80) is operatively connected to said suction means (50) to control the activation and deactivation thereof. 14) An apparatus (10) according to claim 12, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises sensors (85) to detect the position of said tool (33) and wherein said control unit (80) is electrically connected to said sensors (10) to receive from them a signal characteristic of the position reached by said tool (33). 15) An apparatus (10) according to claim 13, wherein said apparatus (10) comprises sensors (85) to detect the position of said tool (33) and wherein said control unit (80) is electrically connected to said sensors (10) to receive from them a signal characteristic of the position reached by said tool (33). 16) A method for functionally regenerating a brush (20) for cleaning a flexographic plate, wherein said brush comprises a cylindrical core (5) about which a channel (4) supporting filaments (3) is fixed according to a spiral shape, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
A. connecting the brush to a motorized assembly adapted to rotate it about a rotation axis coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the brush itself; B. preparing a tool for removing the hardened polymer-monomer residues from between the turns of the brush by forcing said tool to move in a direction parallel to the rotation axis of said brush; C. positioning said tool so that a scraping end thereof fits between the turns of the spiral defined by said channel about the core of said brush; D. rotating said brush, by means of said motorized assembly, about said rotation axis so that the rotation of the brush determines an advancement of the tool along the advancement direction due to the spiral shape of said channel. 17) A method according to claim 16, wherein in said step D, said brush is rotated in a first predetermined rotation direction so that said tool completes a first cleaning cycle by advancing in a first direction along the advancement direction and wherein said method comprises the step of
E. reversing the rotation direction of said brush at the end of said first cleaning cycle so as to make a second cleaning cycle, wherein the advancement of said tool, along said advancement direction, takes place in a second direction opposite to said first direction. | 3,600 |
339,238 | 16,800,123 | 3,686 | A semiconductor device includes a base structure comprising a semiconductor substrate, a first conductive structure disposed on the base structure, and extending in a first direction, the first conductive structure including lower layers, and at least one among the lower layers including carbon, and a data storage pattern disposed on the first conductive structure. The semiconductor device further includes an intermediate conductive pattern disposed on the data storage pattern, and including intermediate layers, at least one among the intermediate layers including carbon, a switching pattern disposed on the intermediate conductive pattern, and a switching upper electrode pattern disposed on the switching pattern, and including carbon. The semiconductor device further includes a second conductive structure disposed on the switching upper electrode pattern, and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a hole spacer disposed on a side surface of the data storage pattern. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a base structure comprising a semiconductor substrate; a first conductive structure disposed on the base structure, and extending in a first direction, the first conductive structure comprising lower layers, and at least one among the lower layers comprising carbon; a data storage pattern disposed on the first conductive structure; an intermediate conductive pattern disposed on the data storage pattern, and comprising intermediate layers, at least one among the intermediate layers comprising carbon; a switching pattern disposed on the intermediate conductive pattern; a switching upper electrode pattern disposed on the switching pattern, and comprising carbon; a second conductive structure disposed on the switching upper electrode pattern, and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; and a hole spacer disposed on a side surface of the data storage pattern, wherein the side surface of the data storage pattern is disposed on an entirety of a side surface of the hole spacer. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a bottom surface of the hole spacer is higher than a bottom surface of the data storage pattern. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a buffer layer disposed on a portion of the first conductive structure on which the data storage pattern is not disposed. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the hole spacer penetrates into a top surface of the buffer layer, and
wherein a bottom surface of the hole spacer is lower than the top surface of the buffer layer. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 3, further comprising an interlayer insulating layer disposed on the buffer layer,
wherein the hole spacer is interposed between a side surface of the interlayer insulating layer and the side surface of the data storage pattern. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 5, further comprising a planarization-stop layer interposed between the buffer layer and the interlayer insulating layer,
wherein the hole spacer is interposed between a side surface of the planarization-stop layer and the side surface of the data storage pattern. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 5, further comprising an etch-stop layer disposed on the interlayer insulating layer,
wherein the hole spacer is interposed between a side surface of the etch-stop layer and the side surface of the data storage pattern. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 7, further comprising a planarization-stop layer interposed between the etch-stop layer and the intermediate conductive pattern,
wherein the hole spacer is interposed between a side surface of the planarization-stop layer and the side surface of the data storage pattern. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the data storage pattern extends upwardly, penetrates through the etch-stop layer and the planarization-stop layer, and physically contacts the intermediate conductive pattern. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the data storage pattern further comprises a portion extending between a bottom surface of the hole spacer and a top surface of the first conductive structure. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the switching upper electrode pattern comprises:
a first upper electrode layer comprising carbon; and a second upper electrode layer disposed on the first upper electrode layer. 12. A semiconductor device comprising:
a base structure comprising a semiconductor substrate; a first conductive structure disposed on the base structure, and extending in a first direction, the first conductive structure comprising lower layers, and at least one among the lower layers comprising carbon; a data storage pattern disposed on the first conductive structure; an intermediate conductive pattern disposed on the data storage pattern, and comprising intermediate layers, at least one among the intermediate layers comprising carbon; a switching pattern disposed on the intermediate conductive pattern; a switching upper electrode pattern disposed on the switching pattern, and comprising carbon; and a second conductive structure disposed on the switching upper electrode pattern, and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, wherein a width of the at least one among the intermediate layers comprising carbon is greater than a width of the switching upper electrode pattern. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 12, wherein, in the second direction, a width of the at least one among the lower layers comprising carbon is less than the width of the at least one among the intermediate layers comprising carbon, and is less than the width of the switching upper electrode pattern. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 12, further comprising a hole spacer disposed on a side surface of the data storage pattern,
wherein a bottom surface of the hole spacer is higher than a bottom surface of the data storage pattern. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the side surface of the data storage pattern is disposed on an entirety of a side surface of the hole spacer. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the data storage pattern further comprises a portion extending between the bottom surface of the hole spacer and a top surface of the first conductive structure. 17. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a base structure comprising a semiconductor substrate; forming a first conductive structure on the base structure, the first conductive structure extending in a first direction, the first conductive structure comprising lower layers, and at least one among the lower layers comprising carbon; forming an interlayer insulating layer on the first conductive structure; forming a hole through the interlayer insulating layer; forming a hole spacer on an internal wall of the hole; forming a data storage pattern on the first conductive structure and the hole spacer by filling the hole with a data storage material; forming an intermediate conductive pattern on the data storage pattern, the intermediate conductive pattern comprising intermediate layers, and at least one among the intermediate layers comprising carbon; forming a switching pattern on the intermediate conductive pattern; forming a switching upper electrode pattern on the switching pattern; and forming a second conductive structure on the switching upper electrode pattern, the second conductive structure extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the switching upper electrode pattern comprises carbon. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the forming of the data storage pattern further comprises, after the hole is filled with the data storage material, reheating the data storage material with a laser so that the data storage material reflows in the hole. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising forming an upper spacer on a side surface of the switching pattern and a side surface of the switching upper electrode pattern, by heating the upper spacer at a temperature greater than or equal to 250 and less than or equal to 350 degrees Celsius. | A semiconductor device includes a base structure comprising a semiconductor substrate, a first conductive structure disposed on the base structure, and extending in a first direction, the first conductive structure including lower layers, and at least one among the lower layers including carbon, and a data storage pattern disposed on the first conductive structure. The semiconductor device further includes an intermediate conductive pattern disposed on the data storage pattern, and including intermediate layers, at least one among the intermediate layers including carbon, a switching pattern disposed on the intermediate conductive pattern, and a switching upper electrode pattern disposed on the switching pattern, and including carbon. The semiconductor device further includes a second conductive structure disposed on the switching upper electrode pattern, and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a hole spacer disposed on a side surface of the data storage pattern.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a base structure comprising a semiconductor substrate; a first conductive structure disposed on the base structure, and extending in a first direction, the first conductive structure comprising lower layers, and at least one among the lower layers comprising carbon; a data storage pattern disposed on the first conductive structure; an intermediate conductive pattern disposed on the data storage pattern, and comprising intermediate layers, at least one among the intermediate layers comprising carbon; a switching pattern disposed on the intermediate conductive pattern; a switching upper electrode pattern disposed on the switching pattern, and comprising carbon; a second conductive structure disposed on the switching upper electrode pattern, and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; and a hole spacer disposed on a side surface of the data storage pattern, wherein the side surface of the data storage pattern is disposed on an entirety of a side surface of the hole spacer. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a bottom surface of the hole spacer is higher than a bottom surface of the data storage pattern. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a buffer layer disposed on a portion of the first conductive structure on which the data storage pattern is not disposed. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 3, wherein the hole spacer penetrates into a top surface of the buffer layer, and
wherein a bottom surface of the hole spacer is lower than the top surface of the buffer layer. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 3, further comprising an interlayer insulating layer disposed on the buffer layer,
wherein the hole spacer is interposed between a side surface of the interlayer insulating layer and the side surface of the data storage pattern. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 5, further comprising a planarization-stop layer interposed between the buffer layer and the interlayer insulating layer,
wherein the hole spacer is interposed between a side surface of the planarization-stop layer and the side surface of the data storage pattern. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 5, further comprising an etch-stop layer disposed on the interlayer insulating layer,
wherein the hole spacer is interposed between a side surface of the etch-stop layer and the side surface of the data storage pattern. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 7, further comprising a planarization-stop layer interposed between the etch-stop layer and the intermediate conductive pattern,
wherein the hole spacer is interposed between a side surface of the planarization-stop layer and the side surface of the data storage pattern. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the data storage pattern extends upwardly, penetrates through the etch-stop layer and the planarization-stop layer, and physically contacts the intermediate conductive pattern. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the data storage pattern further comprises a portion extending between a bottom surface of the hole spacer and a top surface of the first conductive structure. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the switching upper electrode pattern comprises:
a first upper electrode layer comprising carbon; and a second upper electrode layer disposed on the first upper electrode layer. 12. A semiconductor device comprising:
a base structure comprising a semiconductor substrate; a first conductive structure disposed on the base structure, and extending in a first direction, the first conductive structure comprising lower layers, and at least one among the lower layers comprising carbon; a data storage pattern disposed on the first conductive structure; an intermediate conductive pattern disposed on the data storage pattern, and comprising intermediate layers, at least one among the intermediate layers comprising carbon; a switching pattern disposed on the intermediate conductive pattern; a switching upper electrode pattern disposed on the switching pattern, and comprising carbon; and a second conductive structure disposed on the switching upper electrode pattern, and extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction, wherein a width of the at least one among the intermediate layers comprising carbon is greater than a width of the switching upper electrode pattern. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 12, wherein, in the second direction, a width of the at least one among the lower layers comprising carbon is less than the width of the at least one among the intermediate layers comprising carbon, and is less than the width of the switching upper electrode pattern. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 12, further comprising a hole spacer disposed on a side surface of the data storage pattern,
wherein a bottom surface of the hole spacer is higher than a bottom surface of the data storage pattern. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the side surface of the data storage pattern is disposed on an entirety of a side surface of the hole spacer. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the data storage pattern further comprises a portion extending between the bottom surface of the hole spacer and a top surface of the first conductive structure. 17. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a base structure comprising a semiconductor substrate; forming a first conductive structure on the base structure, the first conductive structure extending in a first direction, the first conductive structure comprising lower layers, and at least one among the lower layers comprising carbon; forming an interlayer insulating layer on the first conductive structure; forming a hole through the interlayer insulating layer; forming a hole spacer on an internal wall of the hole; forming a data storage pattern on the first conductive structure and the hole spacer by filling the hole with a data storage material; forming an intermediate conductive pattern on the data storage pattern, the intermediate conductive pattern comprising intermediate layers, and at least one among the intermediate layers comprising carbon; forming a switching pattern on the intermediate conductive pattern; forming a switching upper electrode pattern on the switching pattern; and forming a second conductive structure on the switching upper electrode pattern, the second conductive structure extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the switching upper electrode pattern comprises carbon. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the forming of the data storage pattern further comprises, after the hole is filled with the data storage material, reheating the data storage material with a laser so that the data storage material reflows in the hole. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising forming an upper spacer on a side surface of the switching pattern and a side surface of the switching upper electrode pattern, by heating the upper spacer at a temperature greater than or equal to 250 and less than or equal to 350 degrees Celsius. | 3,600 |
339,239 | 16,800,124 | 3,686 | A digital circuit for implementing a channel-tracking functionality, in which an adaptive (e.g., FIR) filter is updated based on reinforcement learning. In an example embodiment, the adaptive filter may be updated using an LMS-type algorithm. The digital circuit may also include an electronic controller configured to change the convergence coefficient of the LMS algorithm using a selection policy learned by applying a reinforcement-learning technique and based on residual errors and channel estimates received over a sequence of iterations. In some embodiments, the electronic controller may include an artificial neural network. An example embodiment of the digital circuit is advantageously capable of providing improved performance after the learning phase, e.g., for communication channels exhibiting variable dynamicity patterns, such as those associated with aerial copper cables or some wireless channels. | 1-2. (canceled) 3. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the error signal is produced using decision-aided feedback. 4. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the error signal is produced based on a pilot signal. 5-7. (canceled) 8. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, compute Q-values used in said reinforcement learning based on the error signal and the history of the iterative updates. 9. (canceled) 10. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory including program code; and wherein the at least one memory and the program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
perform adaptive filtering of received communication-channel-impaired data;
iteratively update said adaptive filtering while controlling a rate of convergence of said adaptive filtering based on reinforcement learning;
cause the apparatus to update the adaptive filtering based on a least mean squares algorithm and based on an error signal produced using a filtered signal generated by said adaptive filtering of the received communication-channel-impaired data; and
cause the apparatus at least to control the rate of convergence of the adaptive filtering by changing a convergence coefficient of the least mean squares algorithm based on the error signal and a history of the iterative updates. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform said reinforcement learning using an artificial neural network. 12-13. (canceled) 14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to further perform said reinforcement learning based on an ε-greedy method with a variable tradeoff factor. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to further perform said reinforcement learning by defining a plurality of states using one or more features based on the error signal and the history of the iterative updates, and using said plurality of states during said reinforcement learning. 16. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform communication-channel estimation or communication-signal equalization. 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus further comprises an end-user device of a communications network. 18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus further comprises a network node of a communications network. 19. A non-transitory machine-readable medium, having encoded thereon program code, wherein, when the program code is executed by a machine, the machine implements a method comprising:
performing adaptive filtering of received communication-channel-impaired data; iteratively updating said adaptive filtering while controlling a rate of convergence of said adaptive filtering based on reinforcement learning; updating the adaptive filtering based on a least mean squares algorithm and based on an error signal produced using a filtered signal generated by said adaptive filtering of the received communication-channel-impaired data; and at least controlling the rate of convergence of the adaptive filtering by changing a convergence coefficient of the least mean squares algorithm based on the error signal and a history of the iterative updates. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the method further comprises performing communication-channel estimation or electronic signal equalization. 21. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory including program code; and wherein the at least one memory and the program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
perform adaptive filtering of received communication-channel-impaired data;
iteratively update said adaptive filtering while controlling a rate of convergence of said adaptive filtering based on reinforcement learning; and
cause the apparatus at least to further perform said reinforcement learning based on an E-greedy method with a variable tradeoff factor. 22. An apparatus comprising a data receiver and at least one digital signal processor connected to process a digital signal representing a communication signal received by the data receiver;
wherein the at least one digital signal processor comprises an adaptive filter and an electronic controller, the adaptive filter being iteratively updated to filter the digital signal, the electronic controller controlling a rate of convergence of the adaptive filter based on reinforcement learning; and wherein the electronic controller is configured to compute Q-values used in said reinforcement learning based on an error signal and a history of filter updates. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the adaptive filter is updated using a least mean squares algorithm and based on an error signal produced using a filtered signal generated by the adaptive filter in response to the digital signal. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the electronic controller is configured to change a convergence coefficient of the least mean squares algorithm based on the error signal and the history of filter updates. 25. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the electronic controller is configured to implement said reinforcement learning using an ε-greedy method with a variable tradeoff factor. 26. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the electronic controller is configured to use a plurality of states for said reinforcement learning, the states being defined using one or more features computed based on the error signal and the history of filter updates. 27. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the at least one digital signal processor is configured to perform communication-channel estimation or electronic signal equalization. | A digital circuit for implementing a channel-tracking functionality, in which an adaptive (e.g., FIR) filter is updated based on reinforcement learning. In an example embodiment, the adaptive filter may be updated using an LMS-type algorithm. The digital circuit may also include an electronic controller configured to change the convergence coefficient of the LMS algorithm using a selection policy learned by applying a reinforcement-learning technique and based on residual errors and channel estimates received over a sequence of iterations. In some embodiments, the electronic controller may include an artificial neural network. An example embodiment of the digital circuit is advantageously capable of providing improved performance after the learning phase, e.g., for communication channels exhibiting variable dynamicity patterns, such as those associated with aerial copper cables or some wireless channels.1-2. (canceled) 3. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the error signal is produced using decision-aided feedback. 4. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the error signal is produced based on a pilot signal. 5-7. (canceled) 8. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, compute Q-values used in said reinforcement learning based on the error signal and the history of the iterative updates. 9. (canceled) 10. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory including program code; and wherein the at least one memory and the program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
perform adaptive filtering of received communication-channel-impaired data;
iteratively update said adaptive filtering while controlling a rate of convergence of said adaptive filtering based on reinforcement learning;
cause the apparatus to update the adaptive filtering based on a least mean squares algorithm and based on an error signal produced using a filtered signal generated by said adaptive filtering of the received communication-channel-impaired data; and
cause the apparatus at least to control the rate of convergence of the adaptive filtering by changing a convergence coefficient of the least mean squares algorithm based on the error signal and a history of the iterative updates. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform said reinforcement learning using an artificial neural network. 12-13. (canceled) 14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to further perform said reinforcement learning based on an ε-greedy method with a variable tradeoff factor. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to further perform said reinforcement learning by defining a plurality of states using one or more features based on the error signal and the history of the iterative updates, and using said plurality of states during said reinforcement learning. 16. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one memory and the program code are further configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform communication-channel estimation or communication-signal equalization. 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus further comprises an end-user device of a communications network. 18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus further comprises a network node of a communications network. 19. A non-transitory machine-readable medium, having encoded thereon program code, wherein, when the program code is executed by a machine, the machine implements a method comprising:
performing adaptive filtering of received communication-channel-impaired data; iteratively updating said adaptive filtering while controlling a rate of convergence of said adaptive filtering based on reinforcement learning; updating the adaptive filtering based on a least mean squares algorithm and based on an error signal produced using a filtered signal generated by said adaptive filtering of the received communication-channel-impaired data; and at least controlling the rate of convergence of the adaptive filtering by changing a convergence coefficient of the least mean squares algorithm based on the error signal and a history of the iterative updates. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the method further comprises performing communication-channel estimation or electronic signal equalization. 21. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory including program code; and wherein the at least one memory and the program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:
perform adaptive filtering of received communication-channel-impaired data;
iteratively update said adaptive filtering while controlling a rate of convergence of said adaptive filtering based on reinforcement learning; and
cause the apparatus at least to further perform said reinforcement learning based on an E-greedy method with a variable tradeoff factor. 22. An apparatus comprising a data receiver and at least one digital signal processor connected to process a digital signal representing a communication signal received by the data receiver;
wherein the at least one digital signal processor comprises an adaptive filter and an electronic controller, the adaptive filter being iteratively updated to filter the digital signal, the electronic controller controlling a rate of convergence of the adaptive filter based on reinforcement learning; and wherein the electronic controller is configured to compute Q-values used in said reinforcement learning based on an error signal and a history of filter updates. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the adaptive filter is updated using a least mean squares algorithm and based on an error signal produced using a filtered signal generated by the adaptive filter in response to the digital signal. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the electronic controller is configured to change a convergence coefficient of the least mean squares algorithm based on the error signal and the history of filter updates. 25. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the electronic controller is configured to implement said reinforcement learning using an ε-greedy method with a variable tradeoff factor. 26. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the electronic controller is configured to use a plurality of states for said reinforcement learning, the states being defined using one or more features computed based on the error signal and the history of filter updates. 27. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the at least one digital signal processor is configured to perform communication-channel estimation or electronic signal equalization. | 3,600 |
339,240 | 16,800,137 | 3,686 | A method for vehicle lane assignment includes identifying lane boundaries for one or more lanes of a road being traversed by the vehicle. The method also includes determining a center-line on a per lane basis for the one or more lanes. For a lane, the method uses the respective lane boundaries to determine the respective center-line of the lane. The method also includes determining a lane width on a per lane basis for the one or more lanes. For a lane, the method uses the respective lane boundaries to determine the respective lane width of the lane. The method also includes calculating a first probability that the vehicle is within a first lane of the one or more lanes using the center-line and the lane width corresponding to the first lane. The method also includes determining whether the first probability is greater than a threshold. The method also includes, in response to a determination that the first probability is greater than the threshold, assigning the vehicle to the first lane. | 1. A lane assignment apparatus for a vehicle, the apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory including instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
identify lane boundaries for one or more lanes of a road;
determine a center-line for a first lane of the one or more lanes using respective lane boundaries of the first lane;
determine a lane width for the first lane using respective lane boundaries for each of the first lane;
calculate a first probability that the vehicle is within the first lane of the one or more lanes using the center-line and the lane width corresponding to the first lane;
determine whether the first probability is greater than a threshold; and
in response to a determination that the first probability is greater than the threshold, assign the vehicle to the first lane. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the threshold includes a hysteresis threshold. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the threshold is dynamically adjustable. 4. That apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to increase the threshold to a maximum value in response to a determination that the first probability includes a maximum probability that the vehicle is in the first lane. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to decrease the threshold to a minimum value in response to a determination that the first probability includes a minimum probability that the vehicle is in the first lane. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to, in response to a determination that the vehicle is heading toward the first lane, decrease the threshold. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to, in response to a determination that the vehicle is heading away from the first lane, increase the threshold. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to calculate, in response to a distance of the vehicle from the center-line of the first lane being less than half of the lane width of the first lane, the first probability by calculating an integral of a probability distribution. 9. A lane assignment method for a vehicle, the method comprising:
identifying lane boundaries of a road being traversed by the vehicle; determining that the lane boundaries form two or more lanes; determining center-lines for the two or more lanes using lane boundaries; determining lane widths the two or more lanes using lane boundaries; calculating a first probability that the vehicle is within a first lane of the two or more lanes using the center-line and the lane width corresponding to the first lane; determining whether the first probability is greater than a threshold; and in response to a determination that the first probability is greater than the threshold, assigning the vehicle to the first lane. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the threshold includes a hysteresis threshold. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the threshold is dynamically adjustable. 12. That method of claim 9, further comprising increasing the threshold to a maximum value in response to a determination that the first probability includes a maximum probability that the vehicle is in the first lane. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising decreasing the threshold to a minimum value in response to a determination that the first probability includes a minimum probability that the vehicle is in the first lane. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising, in response to a determination that the vehicle is heading toward the first lane, decreasing the threshold. 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising, in response to a determination that the vehicle is heading away from the first lane, increasing the threshold. 16. The method of claim 9, further comprising calculating, in response to a distance of the vehicle from the center-line of the first lane being less than half of the lane width of the first lane, the first probability by calculating an integral of a probability distribution. 17. A lane assignment apparatus for vehicle, the apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory including instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
identify one or more lanes of a road;
determine a center-line per lane of the one or more lanes;
determine a lane width per lane of the one or more lanes;
calculate a first probability that the vehicle is within a first lane of the one or more lanes using the center-line and the lane width corresponding to the first lane;
determine whether the first probability is greater than a hysteresis threshold;
in response to a determination that the first probability is greater than the hysteresis threshold, assign the vehicle to the first lane; and
selectively adjusting the hysteresis threshold based on a comparison between the first probability, a maximum probability that the vehicle is in the first lane, and a minimum probability that the vehicle is in the first lane. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to, in response to a determination that the vehicle is heading toward the first lane, decrease the threshold. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to, in response to a determination that the vehicle is heading away from the first lane, increase the threshold. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to calculate, in response to a distance of the vehicle from the center-line of the first lane being less than half of the lane width of the first lane, the first probability by calculating an integral of a probability distribution. | A method for vehicle lane assignment includes identifying lane boundaries for one or more lanes of a road being traversed by the vehicle. The method also includes determining a center-line on a per lane basis for the one or more lanes. For a lane, the method uses the respective lane boundaries to determine the respective center-line of the lane. The method also includes determining a lane width on a per lane basis for the one or more lanes. For a lane, the method uses the respective lane boundaries to determine the respective lane width of the lane. The method also includes calculating a first probability that the vehicle is within a first lane of the one or more lanes using the center-line and the lane width corresponding to the first lane. The method also includes determining whether the first probability is greater than a threshold. The method also includes, in response to a determination that the first probability is greater than the threshold, assigning the vehicle to the first lane.1. A lane assignment apparatus for a vehicle, the apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory including instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
identify lane boundaries for one or more lanes of a road;
determine a center-line for a first lane of the one or more lanes using respective lane boundaries of the first lane;
determine a lane width for the first lane using respective lane boundaries for each of the first lane;
calculate a first probability that the vehicle is within the first lane of the one or more lanes using the center-line and the lane width corresponding to the first lane;
determine whether the first probability is greater than a threshold; and
in response to a determination that the first probability is greater than the threshold, assign the vehicle to the first lane. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the threshold includes a hysteresis threshold. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the threshold is dynamically adjustable. 4. That apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to increase the threshold to a maximum value in response to a determination that the first probability includes a maximum probability that the vehicle is in the first lane. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to decrease the threshold to a minimum value in response to a determination that the first probability includes a minimum probability that the vehicle is in the first lane. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to, in response to a determination that the vehicle is heading toward the first lane, decrease the threshold. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to, in response to a determination that the vehicle is heading away from the first lane, increase the threshold. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to calculate, in response to a distance of the vehicle from the center-line of the first lane being less than half of the lane width of the first lane, the first probability by calculating an integral of a probability distribution. 9. A lane assignment method for a vehicle, the method comprising:
identifying lane boundaries of a road being traversed by the vehicle; determining that the lane boundaries form two or more lanes; determining center-lines for the two or more lanes using lane boundaries; determining lane widths the two or more lanes using lane boundaries; calculating a first probability that the vehicle is within a first lane of the two or more lanes using the center-line and the lane width corresponding to the first lane; determining whether the first probability is greater than a threshold; and in response to a determination that the first probability is greater than the threshold, assigning the vehicle to the first lane. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the threshold includes a hysteresis threshold. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the threshold is dynamically adjustable. 12. That method of claim 9, further comprising increasing the threshold to a maximum value in response to a determination that the first probability includes a maximum probability that the vehicle is in the first lane. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising decreasing the threshold to a minimum value in response to a determination that the first probability includes a minimum probability that the vehicle is in the first lane. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising, in response to a determination that the vehicle is heading toward the first lane, decreasing the threshold. 15. The method of claim 9, further comprising, in response to a determination that the vehicle is heading away from the first lane, increasing the threshold. 16. The method of claim 9, further comprising calculating, in response to a distance of the vehicle from the center-line of the first lane being less than half of the lane width of the first lane, the first probability by calculating an integral of a probability distribution. 17. A lane assignment apparatus for vehicle, the apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory including instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
identify one or more lanes of a road;
determine a center-line per lane of the one or more lanes;
determine a lane width per lane of the one or more lanes;
calculate a first probability that the vehicle is within a first lane of the one or more lanes using the center-line and the lane width corresponding to the first lane;
determine whether the first probability is greater than a hysteresis threshold;
in response to a determination that the first probability is greater than the hysteresis threshold, assign the vehicle to the first lane; and
selectively adjusting the hysteresis threshold based on a comparison between the first probability, a maximum probability that the vehicle is in the first lane, and a minimum probability that the vehicle is in the first lane. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to, in response to a determination that the vehicle is heading toward the first lane, decrease the threshold. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to, in response to a determination that the vehicle is heading away from the first lane, increase the threshold. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to calculate, in response to a distance of the vehicle from the center-line of the first lane being less than half of the lane width of the first lane, the first probability by calculating an integral of a probability distribution. | 3,600 |
339,241 | 16,800,121 | 3,686 | A photoelectronic device includes a substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the substrate and spaced apart from each other in a first direction; and a transition metal dichalcogenide thin film including at least one first region and at least one second region. Each first region includes M+N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers and extends along the first direction. Each second region includes N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers extending from lower N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers of the first region. Each second region extends along the first direction and is adjacent to each first region. Both end regions in the first direction among the first and the second regions are electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively. | 1. A photoelectronic device comprising:
a substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the substrate and spaced apart from each other in a first direction; and a transition metal dichalcogenide thin film including at least one first region and at least one second region, wherein each first region includes M+N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers and extends along the first direction, wherein each second region includes N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers extending from lower N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers of the first region, wherein each second region extends along the first direction and is adjacent to each first region, wherein both end regions in the first direction among the first and the second regions are electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively. 2. The photoelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one first region includes a plurality of first regions, and the at least one second region includes a plurality of of the second regions, wherein the first regions and the second region are alternately arranged with each other. 3. The photoelectronic device of claim 2, wherein the second region has a single molecular layer, and the first region has two or more molecular layers. 4. The photoelectronic device of claim 2, wherein a width of each of the first region and the second region is independently in a range of 1 nm inclusive to 100 μm inclusive. 5. The photoelectronic device of claim 2, wherein the transition metal dichalcogenide thin film further includes at least 10 heterojunctions formed at boundaries of the first regions and the second regions respectively. 6. The photoelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the transition metal dichalcogenide thin film further includes at least one third region, each third region having L transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers, wherein L is smaller than M+N and is larger than N. 7. A photodiode comprising:
a substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the substrate and spaced apart from each other in a first direction; and a transition metal dichalcogenide thin film including at least one first region and at least one second region, wherein each first region includes M+N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers and extends along the first direction, wherein each second region includes N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers extending from lower N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers of the first region, wherein each second region extends along the first direction and is adjacent to each first region, wherein both end regions in the first direction among the first and the second regions are electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively, wherein a heterojunction is formed between each first region and each second region. 8. A phototransistor comprising:
a substrate having a gate voltage applied thereto and having an insulating film on a surface thereof; source and drain electrodes disposed on the insulating film of the substrate and spaced apart from each other in a first direction; and a transition metal dichalcogenide thin film including at least one first region and at least one second region, wherein each first region includes M+N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers and extends along the first direction, wherein each second region includes N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers extending from lower N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers of the first region, wherein each second region extends along the first direction and is adjacent to each first region, wherein both end regions in the first direction among the first and the second regions are electrically connected to the source electrode and the drain electrode, respectively, wherein a heterojunction is formed between each first region and each second region. | A photoelectronic device includes a substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the substrate and spaced apart from each other in a first direction; and a transition metal dichalcogenide thin film including at least one first region and at least one second region. Each first region includes M+N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers and extends along the first direction. Each second region includes N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers extending from lower N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers of the first region. Each second region extends along the first direction and is adjacent to each first region. Both end regions in the first direction among the first and the second regions are electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively.1. A photoelectronic device comprising:
a substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the substrate and spaced apart from each other in a first direction; and a transition metal dichalcogenide thin film including at least one first region and at least one second region, wherein each first region includes M+N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers and extends along the first direction, wherein each second region includes N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers extending from lower N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers of the first region, wherein each second region extends along the first direction and is adjacent to each first region, wherein both end regions in the first direction among the first and the second regions are electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively. 2. The photoelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one first region includes a plurality of first regions, and the at least one second region includes a plurality of of the second regions, wherein the first regions and the second region are alternately arranged with each other. 3. The photoelectronic device of claim 2, wherein the second region has a single molecular layer, and the first region has two or more molecular layers. 4. The photoelectronic device of claim 2, wherein a width of each of the first region and the second region is independently in a range of 1 nm inclusive to 100 μm inclusive. 5. The photoelectronic device of claim 2, wherein the transition metal dichalcogenide thin film further includes at least 10 heterojunctions formed at boundaries of the first regions and the second regions respectively. 6. The photoelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the transition metal dichalcogenide thin film further includes at least one third region, each third region having L transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers, wherein L is smaller than M+N and is larger than N. 7. A photodiode comprising:
a substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the substrate and spaced apart from each other in a first direction; and a transition metal dichalcogenide thin film including at least one first region and at least one second region, wherein each first region includes M+N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers and extends along the first direction, wherein each second region includes N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers extending from lower N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers of the first region, wherein each second region extends along the first direction and is adjacent to each first region, wherein both end regions in the first direction among the first and the second regions are electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively, wherein a heterojunction is formed between each first region and each second region. 8. A phototransistor comprising:
a substrate having a gate voltage applied thereto and having an insulating film on a surface thereof; source and drain electrodes disposed on the insulating film of the substrate and spaced apart from each other in a first direction; and a transition metal dichalcogenide thin film including at least one first region and at least one second region, wherein each first region includes M+N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers and extends along the first direction, wherein each second region includes N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers extending from lower N transition metal dichalcogenide molecular layers of the first region, wherein each second region extends along the first direction and is adjacent to each first region, wherein both end regions in the first direction among the first and the second regions are electrically connected to the source electrode and the drain electrode, respectively, wherein a heterojunction is formed between each first region and each second region. | 3,600 |
339,242 | 16,800,100 | 3,686 | A surgical stapling device includes a body portion and a tool assembly. The body portion includes a base member that defines a longitudinal slot and spaced keyways. The tool assembly includes a mounting member that defines a channel having an open end that is dimensioned to receive the base member of the body portion. The mounting member includes locking tabs that are positioned within the channel. Each of the locking tabs is configured to be received within one of the spaced keyways of the base member to releasably secure the tool assembly to the body portion. | 1. A surgical stapling device comprising:
a body portion including a housing, a base member supported by the housing, and a drive assembly supported within the housing, the base member defining a longitudinal slot and spaced keyways, the drive assembly including a proximal portion having a connector and a distal portion including a working end, the drive assembly being movable within the housing between a retracted position in which the working end of the drive assembly is positioned within the longitudinal slot of the base member and an advanced position; and a tool assembly including a first jaw, a second jaw, and a mounting member, the first jaw and the second jaw being secured to the mounting member such that the first jaw is movable in relation to the second jaw between an open position and an unclamped position, the mounting member defining a channel having an open end that is dimensioned to receive the base member of the body portion, the mounting member including locking tabs, each of the locking tabs being configured to be received within one of the spaced keyways of the base member to releasably secure the tool assembly to the body portion. 2. The surgical stapling device of claim 1, wherein each of the spaced keyways includes an axial portion and a radial portion and axial movement of the tool assembly in relation to the body portion moves the locking tabs through the axial portions of the keyways and rotatable movement of the tool assembly in relation to the body portion moves the locking tabs through the radial portions of the spaced keyways to secure the tool assembly to the body portion. 3. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the working end of the drive assembly is configured to be movable through the tool assembly when the drive assembly is moved from the retracted position to the advanced position to move the tool assembly from the open position to the clamped position and to fire the tool assembly. 4. The surgical stapling device of claim 3, wherein the body portion includes a lead screw and an inner tube, the lead screw being rotatable to axially advance the inner tube within the housing, the inner tube engaging the connector of the drive assembly to axially advance the drive member within the housing from the retracted position to the advanced position. 5. The surgical stapling device of claim 4, wherein the body portion includes a biasing member positioned between a distal portion of the inner tube and the connector, the biasing member being positioned to urge the drive assembly distally within the housing in relation to the inner shaft. 6. The surgical stapling device of claim 5, wherein the first jaw includes an anvil and the second jaw includes a channel member that supports a staple cartridge. 7. The surgical stapling device of claim 6, wherein the working end of the drive member includes a vertical strut having a knife edge and the channel member and staple cartridge define longitudinal slots that receive the vertical strut when the tool assembly is secured to the body portion. 8. The surgical stapling device of claim 7, wherein when the locking tabs are in the axial portions of the spaced keyways, the vertical strut of the working end of the drive assembly is misaligned with the longitudinal slot in the channel member such that when the tool assembly is moved towards the base member to move the locking tabs through the axial portions of the spaced keyways, the working end of the drive assembly abuts the channel member to prevent axial movement of the drive assembly in relation to the tool assembly. 9. The surgical stapling device of claim 8, wherein axial advancement of the base member within the channel of the mounting member when the working end of the drive assembly is in abutment with the channel member causes the drive assembly to move axially in relation to the inner tube to compress the biasing member. 10. The surgical stapling device of claim 9, wherein when the tool assembly is rotated in relation to body portion to move the locking tabs through the radial portions of the spaced keyways, the vertical strut of the drive assembly is moved into alignment with the longitudinal slots of the channel member and the staple cartridge. 11. The surgical stapling device of claim 10, wherein when the vertical strut is rotated into alignment with the longitudinal slots of the channel member and the staple cartridge, the biasing member urges the working end of the drive assembly into a proximal portion of the tool assembly. 12. The surgical stapling device of claim 1, wherein the housing includes a distal portion, the base member being pivotally supported on the distal portion of the housing. 13. The surgical stapling device of claim 12, wherein the body portion includes a platform that is supported on the distal portion of the housing. 14. The surgical stapling device of claim 13, wherein the base member defines a transverse slot and the platform includes a flange that is pivotably received within the transverse slot of the base member. 15. The surgical stapling device of claim 14, wherein the platform defines upper and lower recesses that diverge outwardly in a distal direction. 16. The surgical stapling device of claim 15, wherein the drive assembly includes an elongate flexible body having an upper body portion and a lower body portion, the platform is positioned between the upper and lower body portions. 17. The surgical stapling device of claim 16, further including upper and lower U-shaped guides, the upper guide being positioned in the upper recess of the platform and receiving the upper body portion of the flexible body of the drive assembly, and the lower guide being positioned in the lower recess of the platform and receiving the lower body portion of the flexible body of the drive assembly. 18. The surgical stapling device of claim 17, wherein each of the upper and lower U-shaped guides have a proximal portion including a pivot member, the pivot members pivotably supporting the upper and lower U-shaped guides within the upper and lower recesses. 19. The surgical stapling device of claim 18, further including an upper blowout plate assembly positioned within the upper guide on opposite sides of the upper body portion of the flexible body and a lower blowout plate assembly positioned within the lower guide on opposite sides of the lower body portion of the flexible body. 20. The surgical stapling device of claim 12, further including an articulation assembly having an articulation drive member, a first articulation link secured to the articulation drive member, a second articulation link pivotably coupled to the first articulation link and to the base member. | A surgical stapling device includes a body portion and a tool assembly. The body portion includes a base member that defines a longitudinal slot and spaced keyways. The tool assembly includes a mounting member that defines a channel having an open end that is dimensioned to receive the base member of the body portion. The mounting member includes locking tabs that are positioned within the channel. Each of the locking tabs is configured to be received within one of the spaced keyways of the base member to releasably secure the tool assembly to the body portion.1. A surgical stapling device comprising:
a body portion including a housing, a base member supported by the housing, and a drive assembly supported within the housing, the base member defining a longitudinal slot and spaced keyways, the drive assembly including a proximal portion having a connector and a distal portion including a working end, the drive assembly being movable within the housing between a retracted position in which the working end of the drive assembly is positioned within the longitudinal slot of the base member and an advanced position; and a tool assembly including a first jaw, a second jaw, and a mounting member, the first jaw and the second jaw being secured to the mounting member such that the first jaw is movable in relation to the second jaw between an open position and an unclamped position, the mounting member defining a channel having an open end that is dimensioned to receive the base member of the body portion, the mounting member including locking tabs, each of the locking tabs being configured to be received within one of the spaced keyways of the base member to releasably secure the tool assembly to the body portion. 2. The surgical stapling device of claim 1, wherein each of the spaced keyways includes an axial portion and a radial portion and axial movement of the tool assembly in relation to the body portion moves the locking tabs through the axial portions of the keyways and rotatable movement of the tool assembly in relation to the body portion moves the locking tabs through the radial portions of the spaced keyways to secure the tool assembly to the body portion. 3. The surgical stapling device of claim 2, wherein the working end of the drive assembly is configured to be movable through the tool assembly when the drive assembly is moved from the retracted position to the advanced position to move the tool assembly from the open position to the clamped position and to fire the tool assembly. 4. The surgical stapling device of claim 3, wherein the body portion includes a lead screw and an inner tube, the lead screw being rotatable to axially advance the inner tube within the housing, the inner tube engaging the connector of the drive assembly to axially advance the drive member within the housing from the retracted position to the advanced position. 5. The surgical stapling device of claim 4, wherein the body portion includes a biasing member positioned between a distal portion of the inner tube and the connector, the biasing member being positioned to urge the drive assembly distally within the housing in relation to the inner shaft. 6. The surgical stapling device of claim 5, wherein the first jaw includes an anvil and the second jaw includes a channel member that supports a staple cartridge. 7. The surgical stapling device of claim 6, wherein the working end of the drive member includes a vertical strut having a knife edge and the channel member and staple cartridge define longitudinal slots that receive the vertical strut when the tool assembly is secured to the body portion. 8. The surgical stapling device of claim 7, wherein when the locking tabs are in the axial portions of the spaced keyways, the vertical strut of the working end of the drive assembly is misaligned with the longitudinal slot in the channel member such that when the tool assembly is moved towards the base member to move the locking tabs through the axial portions of the spaced keyways, the working end of the drive assembly abuts the channel member to prevent axial movement of the drive assembly in relation to the tool assembly. 9. The surgical stapling device of claim 8, wherein axial advancement of the base member within the channel of the mounting member when the working end of the drive assembly is in abutment with the channel member causes the drive assembly to move axially in relation to the inner tube to compress the biasing member. 10. The surgical stapling device of claim 9, wherein when the tool assembly is rotated in relation to body portion to move the locking tabs through the radial portions of the spaced keyways, the vertical strut of the drive assembly is moved into alignment with the longitudinal slots of the channel member and the staple cartridge. 11. The surgical stapling device of claim 10, wherein when the vertical strut is rotated into alignment with the longitudinal slots of the channel member and the staple cartridge, the biasing member urges the working end of the drive assembly into a proximal portion of the tool assembly. 12. The surgical stapling device of claim 1, wherein the housing includes a distal portion, the base member being pivotally supported on the distal portion of the housing. 13. The surgical stapling device of claim 12, wherein the body portion includes a platform that is supported on the distal portion of the housing. 14. The surgical stapling device of claim 13, wherein the base member defines a transverse slot and the platform includes a flange that is pivotably received within the transverse slot of the base member. 15. The surgical stapling device of claim 14, wherein the platform defines upper and lower recesses that diverge outwardly in a distal direction. 16. The surgical stapling device of claim 15, wherein the drive assembly includes an elongate flexible body having an upper body portion and a lower body portion, the platform is positioned between the upper and lower body portions. 17. The surgical stapling device of claim 16, further including upper and lower U-shaped guides, the upper guide being positioned in the upper recess of the platform and receiving the upper body portion of the flexible body of the drive assembly, and the lower guide being positioned in the lower recess of the platform and receiving the lower body portion of the flexible body of the drive assembly. 18. The surgical stapling device of claim 17, wherein each of the upper and lower U-shaped guides have a proximal portion including a pivot member, the pivot members pivotably supporting the upper and lower U-shaped guides within the upper and lower recesses. 19. The surgical stapling device of claim 18, further including an upper blowout plate assembly positioned within the upper guide on opposite sides of the upper body portion of the flexible body and a lower blowout plate assembly positioned within the lower guide on opposite sides of the lower body portion of the flexible body. 20. The surgical stapling device of claim 12, further including an articulation assembly having an articulation drive member, a first articulation link secured to the articulation drive member, a second articulation link pivotably coupled to the first articulation link and to the base member. | 3,600 |
339,243 | 16,800,145 | 3,686 | A storage assembly for a shaving razor system including a case with a top portion and a bottom portion and an insert including a material having a Shore A hardness of between 40 and 70. The insert includes one or more cavities configured to receive one or more components of the shaving razor system, and the bottom portion of the case defines a compartment configured to removably receive the insert within the bottom portion. Also provided is a method of assembling a storage assembly for a shaving razor system. | 1. A storage assembly for a shaving razor system, the assembly comprising:
a case comprising a top portion and a bottom portion; and an insert comprising a material having a Shore A hardness of between 40 and 70, wherein the insert comprises one or more cavities configured to receive one or more components of the shaving razor system and wherein the bottom portion of the case defines a compartment configured to removably receive the insert within the bottom portion. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the insert comprises at least one first dimension that is greater than a corresponding second dimension of an opening into the compartment, the insert being sufficiently deformable to allow insertion of the insert through the opening without damage to the insert and also being expandable to allow the insert to return to generally an initial shape so as to be retained in the compartment. 3. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the bottom portion of the case comprises a retainer that extends over at least a portion of the insert. 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the bottom portion comprises a peripheral edge extending away from one or more side walls of the bottom portion, at least a portion of the peripheral edge defining the retainer. 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein a front face of the insert comprises a pull tab to allow for easy removal of the insert from the bottom portion of the case. 6. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the insert is removable from the case, and when positioned in the case, the insert provides a substantially watertight seal against the case. 7. The assembly of claim 1, wherein:
at least one of the top portion or the bottom portion of the case comprises a metal; and the insert comprises silicone or a thermoplastic elastomer. 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the insert is free of any drainage openings extending therethrough. 9. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more cavities comprise:
a first cavity configured to receive a razor handle either alone or in combination with a razor cartridge attached to the razor handle; and one or more second cavities each configured to receive an additional razor cartridge or an accessory. 10. The assembly of claim 9, wherein the insert further comprises a plurality of aeration slots extending partially through a thickness of the insert and communicating with the first cavity. 11. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more cavities comprise:
a cavity configured to receive a razor handle in combination with a razor cartridge attached to the razor handle, the insert comprising a support rib extending upward from a floor and into the cavity for engaging at least one of the razor handle or the razor cartridge, wherein at least a portion of the razor cartridge facing the floor is spaced apart from the floor. 12. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more cavities comprise:
a first cavity comprising:
a first portion extending along a longitudinal length of the case and being configured to receive a razor handle; and
a second portion configured to receive a razor cartridge attached to the razor handle; and
a second cavity configured to receive a second razor cartridge or an accessory, the second cavity being positioned transverse to a direction of the second portion of the first cavity. 13. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more cavities comprise:
a first cavity configured to receive a razor handle and defining a first longitudinal axis; and a second cavity configured to receive a razor cartridge or an accessory, the second cavity defining a second longitudinal axis that is parallel to the first longitudinal axis. 14. The assembly of claim 1, wherein a rear face of the insert comprises a plurality of lateral and longitudinal ribs. 15. A storage assembly for a shaving razor system comprising a razor cartridge either alone or in combination with a protective overcap, the assembly comprising:
a case comprising a top portion and a bottom portion; and an insert received in the bottom portion of the case, the insert comprising a cavity configured to receive the razor cartridge either alone or with the protective overcap, wherein the insert comprises:
a ledge positioned within the cavity and configured to engage and support the protective overcap when the protective overcap is mounted to the razor cartridge. 16. The assembly of claim 15, wherein the ledge supporting the overcap comprises a first ledge, the insert further comprising:
a second ledge positioned within the cavity and configured to directly engage and support the razor cartridge when the protective overcap is removed, wherein the first and second ledges are spaced apart from one another in a direction parallel to a thickness of the insert. 17. The assembly of claim 16, wherein:
when the protective overcap is mounted to the razor cartridge, the first ledge is configured to engage portions of outer ends of the protective overcap; and when the protective overcap is removed, the second ledge is configured to engage portions of outer edges of the razor cartridge. 18. The assembly of claim 16, wherein:
the first ledge is spaced from a floor of the cavity such that when the razor cartridge is supported by the first ledge, the protective overcap does not contact the floor; and the second ledge is spaced from the floor of the cavity such that when the razor cartridge is supported by the second ledge, the razor cartridge does not contact the floor. 19. A method of assembling a storage assembly for a shaving razor system, the method comprising:
providing an insert comprising one or more cavities configured to receive one or more components of the shaving razor system; providing a case comprising a top portion and a bottom portion, wherein the bottom portion of the case defines a compartment configured to removably receive the insert, the insert comprising at least one first dimension that is greater than a corresponding second dimension of an opening into the compartment; deforming the insert; inserting the deformed insert into the opening of the compartment; placing the one or more components of the shaving razor system into the one or more cavities in the insert; and securing the top and bottom portions of the case together. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
separating the top and bottom portions of the case; removing the one or more components of the shaving razor system from the one or more cavities in the insert; deforming the insert sufficiently to remove the insert from the compartment of the bottom portion of the case; cleaning the insert; deforming the insert sufficiently to insert the insert back into the opening of the compartment; and placing the one or more components of the shaving razor system back into the one or more cavities in the insert. | A storage assembly for a shaving razor system including a case with a top portion and a bottom portion and an insert including a material having a Shore A hardness of between 40 and 70. The insert includes one or more cavities configured to receive one or more components of the shaving razor system, and the bottom portion of the case defines a compartment configured to removably receive the insert within the bottom portion. Also provided is a method of assembling a storage assembly for a shaving razor system.1. A storage assembly for a shaving razor system, the assembly comprising:
a case comprising a top portion and a bottom portion; and an insert comprising a material having a Shore A hardness of between 40 and 70, wherein the insert comprises one or more cavities configured to receive one or more components of the shaving razor system and wherein the bottom portion of the case defines a compartment configured to removably receive the insert within the bottom portion. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the insert comprises at least one first dimension that is greater than a corresponding second dimension of an opening into the compartment, the insert being sufficiently deformable to allow insertion of the insert through the opening without damage to the insert and also being expandable to allow the insert to return to generally an initial shape so as to be retained in the compartment. 3. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the bottom portion of the case comprises a retainer that extends over at least a portion of the insert. 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the bottom portion comprises a peripheral edge extending away from one or more side walls of the bottom portion, at least a portion of the peripheral edge defining the retainer. 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein a front face of the insert comprises a pull tab to allow for easy removal of the insert from the bottom portion of the case. 6. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the insert is removable from the case, and when positioned in the case, the insert provides a substantially watertight seal against the case. 7. The assembly of claim 1, wherein:
at least one of the top portion or the bottom portion of the case comprises a metal; and the insert comprises silicone or a thermoplastic elastomer. 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the insert is free of any drainage openings extending therethrough. 9. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more cavities comprise:
a first cavity configured to receive a razor handle either alone or in combination with a razor cartridge attached to the razor handle; and one or more second cavities each configured to receive an additional razor cartridge or an accessory. 10. The assembly of claim 9, wherein the insert further comprises a plurality of aeration slots extending partially through a thickness of the insert and communicating with the first cavity. 11. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more cavities comprise:
a cavity configured to receive a razor handle in combination with a razor cartridge attached to the razor handle, the insert comprising a support rib extending upward from a floor and into the cavity for engaging at least one of the razor handle or the razor cartridge, wherein at least a portion of the razor cartridge facing the floor is spaced apart from the floor. 12. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more cavities comprise:
a first cavity comprising:
a first portion extending along a longitudinal length of the case and being configured to receive a razor handle; and
a second portion configured to receive a razor cartridge attached to the razor handle; and
a second cavity configured to receive a second razor cartridge or an accessory, the second cavity being positioned transverse to a direction of the second portion of the first cavity. 13. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more cavities comprise:
a first cavity configured to receive a razor handle and defining a first longitudinal axis; and a second cavity configured to receive a razor cartridge or an accessory, the second cavity defining a second longitudinal axis that is parallel to the first longitudinal axis. 14. The assembly of claim 1, wherein a rear face of the insert comprises a plurality of lateral and longitudinal ribs. 15. A storage assembly for a shaving razor system comprising a razor cartridge either alone or in combination with a protective overcap, the assembly comprising:
a case comprising a top portion and a bottom portion; and an insert received in the bottom portion of the case, the insert comprising a cavity configured to receive the razor cartridge either alone or with the protective overcap, wherein the insert comprises:
a ledge positioned within the cavity and configured to engage and support the protective overcap when the protective overcap is mounted to the razor cartridge. 16. The assembly of claim 15, wherein the ledge supporting the overcap comprises a first ledge, the insert further comprising:
a second ledge positioned within the cavity and configured to directly engage and support the razor cartridge when the protective overcap is removed, wherein the first and second ledges are spaced apart from one another in a direction parallel to a thickness of the insert. 17. The assembly of claim 16, wherein:
when the protective overcap is mounted to the razor cartridge, the first ledge is configured to engage portions of outer ends of the protective overcap; and when the protective overcap is removed, the second ledge is configured to engage portions of outer edges of the razor cartridge. 18. The assembly of claim 16, wherein:
the first ledge is spaced from a floor of the cavity such that when the razor cartridge is supported by the first ledge, the protective overcap does not contact the floor; and the second ledge is spaced from the floor of the cavity such that when the razor cartridge is supported by the second ledge, the razor cartridge does not contact the floor. 19. A method of assembling a storage assembly for a shaving razor system, the method comprising:
providing an insert comprising one or more cavities configured to receive one or more components of the shaving razor system; providing a case comprising a top portion and a bottom portion, wherein the bottom portion of the case defines a compartment configured to removably receive the insert, the insert comprising at least one first dimension that is greater than a corresponding second dimension of an opening into the compartment; deforming the insert; inserting the deformed insert into the opening of the compartment; placing the one or more components of the shaving razor system into the one or more cavities in the insert; and securing the top and bottom portions of the case together. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
separating the top and bottom portions of the case; removing the one or more components of the shaving razor system from the one or more cavities in the insert; deforming the insert sufficiently to remove the insert from the compartment of the bottom portion of the case; cleaning the insert; deforming the insert sufficiently to insert the insert back into the opening of the compartment; and placing the one or more components of the shaving razor system back into the one or more cavities in the insert. | 3,600 |
339,244 | 16,800,119 | 3,686 | A terminal cover includes a lid and a cover body. The lid is rotatable around a hinge to open or close the cover body. An assembly of the cover body and the lid closed has a first side wall and a second side wall. A shoulder side wall that is at least one of the first and second side walls has a shoulder. The shoulder side wall is equipped with a first snap-fit and a second snap-fit. The first snap-fit is located closer to the hinge than the shoulder is, while the second snap-fit is located farther away from the hinge than the shoulder is. If the second snap-fit is undesirably unlocked, the shoulder serves to block transmission of resultant deflection of a portion of the shoulder side wall to the first snap-fit, thereby eliminating a risk that the first snap-fit may be accidently undone by the undesirable unlocking of the second snap-fit. | 1. A terminal cover which is made of resin and designed to electrically insulate and mechanically protect a metallic terminal which is joined to an object using a bolt and a nut and includes a bolt seat with a bolt hole, a wire connector connecting with an end of an electrical wire, and a body located between the bolt seat and the wire connector, comprising:
a cover body which includes a curved portion and a base portion, the curved portion being of a semicircular shape and having an open hole formed to coincide with the bolt seat of the terminal, the base portion being arranged adjacent the curved portion and located in coincidence with the body of the terminal, the base portion including a bottom plate; a hinge which is located on an opposite side of the base portion to the curved portion of the cover body and also has a rotation axis extending perpendicular to a reference plane defined to pass through a center of the open hole of the curved portion and extends between the curved portion and the base portion of the cover body; and a lid which is rotatable about the rotation axis of the hinge to open or close the cover body, wherein the cover body and the lid define a first side wall and a second side wall which are located on opposite sides of the reference plane, wherein at least one of the first side wall and the second side wall has a plurality of snap-fits each of which includes a snap-in recessed portion formed on one of the cover body and the lid and a protrusion formed on other of the cover body and the lid, when the lid is closed, the protrusion being snap-fitted in the snap-fit recessed portion to achieve a joint of the lid and the cover body, wherein at least one of the first side wall and the second side wall is designed as a shoulder side wall which has a shoulder creating a stepwise change in distance between the one of the first side wall and the second side wall and the reference plane, and wherein the snap-fits at least includes a first snap-fit and a second snap-fit arranged adjacent each other, the first snap fit being arranged closer to the hinge, the second snap-fit being arranged farther away from the hinge. 2. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of the first side wall and the second side wall has at least one of the snap-fits. 3. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 1, wherein one of the snap-fits which is located closest to the hinge is provided on only one of the first side wall and the second side wall. 4. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 2, wherein one of the first side wall and the second side wall is designed as the shoulder side wall which has the first and second snap-fits, and wherein other of the first side wall and the second side wall has one of the snap-fits which is located symmetrically with respect to the reference plane to the first snap-fit arranged far away from the hinge on the shoulder side wall. 5. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 1, wherein the shoulder side wall is shaped so that a distance between a portion of the shoulder side wall which is located closer to the hinge than the shoulder is and the reference plane is set shorter than a distance between a portion of the shoulder side wall which is located farther away from the hinge than the shoulder is and the reference plane. | A terminal cover includes a lid and a cover body. The lid is rotatable around a hinge to open or close the cover body. An assembly of the cover body and the lid closed has a first side wall and a second side wall. A shoulder side wall that is at least one of the first and second side walls has a shoulder. The shoulder side wall is equipped with a first snap-fit and a second snap-fit. The first snap-fit is located closer to the hinge than the shoulder is, while the second snap-fit is located farther away from the hinge than the shoulder is. If the second snap-fit is undesirably unlocked, the shoulder serves to block transmission of resultant deflection of a portion of the shoulder side wall to the first snap-fit, thereby eliminating a risk that the first snap-fit may be accidently undone by the undesirable unlocking of the second snap-fit.1. A terminal cover which is made of resin and designed to electrically insulate and mechanically protect a metallic terminal which is joined to an object using a bolt and a nut and includes a bolt seat with a bolt hole, a wire connector connecting with an end of an electrical wire, and a body located between the bolt seat and the wire connector, comprising:
a cover body which includes a curved portion and a base portion, the curved portion being of a semicircular shape and having an open hole formed to coincide with the bolt seat of the terminal, the base portion being arranged adjacent the curved portion and located in coincidence with the body of the terminal, the base portion including a bottom plate; a hinge which is located on an opposite side of the base portion to the curved portion of the cover body and also has a rotation axis extending perpendicular to a reference plane defined to pass through a center of the open hole of the curved portion and extends between the curved portion and the base portion of the cover body; and a lid which is rotatable about the rotation axis of the hinge to open or close the cover body, wherein the cover body and the lid define a first side wall and a second side wall which are located on opposite sides of the reference plane, wherein at least one of the first side wall and the second side wall has a plurality of snap-fits each of which includes a snap-in recessed portion formed on one of the cover body and the lid and a protrusion formed on other of the cover body and the lid, when the lid is closed, the protrusion being snap-fitted in the snap-fit recessed portion to achieve a joint of the lid and the cover body, wherein at least one of the first side wall and the second side wall is designed as a shoulder side wall which has a shoulder creating a stepwise change in distance between the one of the first side wall and the second side wall and the reference plane, and wherein the snap-fits at least includes a first snap-fit and a second snap-fit arranged adjacent each other, the first snap fit being arranged closer to the hinge, the second snap-fit being arranged farther away from the hinge. 2. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of the first side wall and the second side wall has at least one of the snap-fits. 3. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 1, wherein one of the snap-fits which is located closest to the hinge is provided on only one of the first side wall and the second side wall. 4. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 2, wherein one of the first side wall and the second side wall is designed as the shoulder side wall which has the first and second snap-fits, and wherein other of the first side wall and the second side wall has one of the snap-fits which is located symmetrically with respect to the reference plane to the first snap-fit arranged far away from the hinge on the shoulder side wall. 5. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 1, wherein the shoulder side wall is shaped so that a distance between a portion of the shoulder side wall which is located closer to the hinge than the shoulder is and the reference plane is set shorter than a distance between a portion of the shoulder side wall which is located farther away from the hinge than the shoulder is and the reference plane. | 3,600 |
339,245 | 16,800,132 | 2,822 | A semiconductor device and a method for forming the semiconductor device are provided. The method includes providing a layer to-be-etched including a first sub-trench region and a second sub-trench region. The method also includes forming a first mask layer over the layer to-be-etched and a second mask layer over the first mask layer, and forming a first sub-trench disposed over the first sub-trench region in the second mask layer. In addition, the method includes forming a first divided trench in the first mask layer and forming a second sub-trench disposed over the second sub-trench region in the second mask layer. Further, the method includes forming a first divided filling layer in the first divided trench, and forming a first middle trench in the first mask layer. The first divided filling layer divides the first middle trench in a second direction. | 1. A method for forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a layer to-be-etched, wherein the layer to-be-etched includes a plurality of first regions arranged along a first direction, a first region includes a first trench region, the first trench region includes a first sub-trench region and a second sub-trench region, the first sub-trench region is in contact with an adjacent second sub-trench region in a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; forming a first mask layer over the layer to-be-etched and a second mask layer over the first mask layer; forming a first sub-trench disposed over the first sub-trench region in the second mask layer over the first region; forming a first photolithography mask layer over the second mask layer and a first portion of the first sub-trench, wherein the first photolithography mask layer has a first photolithography opening disposed over a second portion of the first sub-trench, and the first photolithography opening is extended to the second mask layer over the second sub-trench region in the second direction; by using the first photolithography mask layer and the second mask layer as a mask, etching the first mask layer to form a first divided trench in the first mask layer over the first region, wherein the first divided trench is disposed at a bottom of an edge of the first sub-trench in the second direction; after forming the first divided trench, removing the first photolithography mask layer; after removing the first photolithography mask layer, removing the second mask layer over the second sub-trench region to form a second sub-trench disposed over the second sub-trench region in the second mask layer over the first region, wherein the second sub-trench is connected to the first sub-trench to form a first trench; after forming the first trench, forming a first divided filling layer in the first divided trench; and by using the first divided filling layer as a mask, etching the first mask layer at a bottom of the first trench to form a first middle trench in the first mask layer over the first region, wherein the first divided filling layer divides the first middle trench in the second direction. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first divided filling layer, the first mask layer, and the second mask layer are made of materials different from each other, wherein:
the first divided filling layer is made of a material including silicon oxide, silicon nitride, titanium oxide, titanium nitride, aluminum nitride or aluminum oxide,
the first mask layer is made of a material including silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or amorphous silicon, and
the second mask layer is made of a material including silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or amorphous silicon. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first photolithography opening has a width in the first direction larger than or equal to the first sub-trench. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first photolithography opening has a width in the first direction smaller than the first sub-trench, and the second sub-trench has a width in the first direction smaller than the first divided trench. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first sub-trench has a width in the first direction in a range of approximately 10 nm-60 nm. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first divided filling layer has a width in the first direction in a range of approximately 10 nm-60 nm. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
for first photolithography openings disposed over adjacent first regions, an overlapped region between each first photolithography opening and first sub-trench has a same area; and first divided filling layers disposed over adjacent first regions have a same size in the second direction. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
the first divided filling layer has a width in the second direction in a range of approximately 10 nm-40 nm. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
for first photolithography openings disposed over adjacent first regions, an overlapped region between each first photolithography opening and first sub-trench has a different area; and first divided filling layers disposed over adjacent first regions have a different size in the second direction. 10. The method according to claim 1, after forming the first sub-trench and before forming the first photolithography mask layer, further including:
forming a first planarization layer on the second mask layer, and in and over the first sub-trench; forming a first bottom anti-reflective layer over the first planarization layer; and forming the first photolithography mask layer over the first bottom anti-reflective layer. 11. The method according to claim 10, further including:
before forming the first divided trench, by using the first photolithography mask layer as a mask, removing the first bottom anti-reflective layer and the first planarization layer at a bottom of the first photolithography opening, and after forming the first divided trench, removing the first bottom anti-reflective layer and the first planarization layer when removing the first photolithography mask layer. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the layer to-be-etched includes a plurality of second regions, wherein the first regions and the second regions are alternately arranged along the first direction, and the first region is in contact with an adjacent second region. 13. The method according to claim 12, further including:
after forming the second sub-trench or before forming the first sub-trench, forming a second divided trench in the second mask layer over the second region, wherein the second divided trench divides the second mask layer over the second region in the second direction; after forming the second divided trench and the second sub-trench, forming a mask sidewall spacer on a sidewall of the first trench, wherein when forming the mask sidewall spacer, the first divided filling layer is formed in the first divided trench, and a second divided filling layer in formed in the second divided trench; before forming the first middle trench, by using the second divided filling layer and the mask sidewall spacer as a mask, etching the second mask layer over the second region to form a second trench in the second mask layer over the second region, wherein the second divided filling layer divides the second trench in the second direction, and a sidewall of the second trench exposes the mask sidewall spacer; after forming the second trench, by using the second mask layer, the mask sidewall spacer and the first divided filling layer as a mask, forming the first middle trench by etching the first mask layer at the bottom of the first trench; and by using the second mask layer, the mask sidewall spacer and the second divided filling layer as a mask, forming a second middle trench in the first mask layer over the second region by etching the first mask layer at a bottom of the second trench. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming the mask sidewall spacer, the first divided filling layer and the second divided filling layer includes:
forming a divided filling film on the sidewall and at the bottom of the first trench, in the first divided trench, in the second divided trench, and over the second mask layer; and back-etching the divided filling film until a top surface of the second mask layer and the first mask layer at the bottom of the first trench are exposed, to form the first divided filling layer, the second divided filling layer, and the mask sidewall spacer. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein:
the first divided filling layer has a size in the second direction less than or equal to twice a thickness of the mask sidewall spacer; and the second divided filling layer has a size in the second direction less than or equal to twice the thickness of the mask sidewall spacer. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the layer to-be-etched includes a plurality of second regions, wherein the first regions and the second regions are alternately arranged along the first direction, and the first region is in contact with an adjacent second region; and a second region includes a second trench region, wherein the second trench region includes a third sub-trench region and a fourth sub-trench region, the third sub-trench region is in contact with an adjacent fourth sub-trench region in the second direction, and the second trench region is in contact with an adjacent first trench region. 17. The method according to claim 16, further including:
before forming the first middle trench, forming a mask sidewall spacer on a sidewall of the first trench; after forming the mask sidewall spacer and the first divided filling layer, forming a third sub-trench disposed over the third sub-trench region in the second mask layer over the second region; forming a second photolithography mask layer over the second mask layer and a first portion of the third sub-trench, wherein the second photolithography mask layer has a second photolithography opening disposed over a second portion of the third sub-trench, and the second photolithography opening is extended to the second mask layer over the fourth sub-trench region in the second direction; by using the second photolithography mask layer and the second mask layer as a mask, etching the first mask layer to form a second divided trench in the first mask layer over the second region, wherein the second divided trench is disposed at a bottom of an edge of the third sub-trench in the second direction; after forming the second divided trench, removing the second photolithography mask layer; after removing the second photolithography mask layer, removing the second mask layer over the fourth sub-trench region to form a fourth sub-trench disposed over the fourth sub-trench region in the second mask layer over the second region, wherein the fourth sub-trench and the third sub-trench are connected to form a second trench, and a sidewall of the second trench exposes the mask sidewall spacer; after forming the second trench, forming a second divided filling layer in the second divided trench; by using the second divided filling layer as a mask, etching the first mask layer at a bottom of the second trench to form a second middle trench in the first mask layer over the second region, wherein the second divided filling layer divides the second middle trench in the second direction; and after forming the second divided filling layer, forming the first middle trench. 18. The method according to claim 17, further including:
etching the layer to-be-etched at a bottom of the first middle trench to form a first target trench in the layer to-be-etched; etching the layer to-be-etched at a bottom of the second middle trench to form a second target trench in the layer to-be-etched; forming a first conductive layer in the first target trench; and forming a second conductive layer in the second target trench. 19. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate including a plurality of first regions arranged along a first direction; a first mask layer formed over the substrate; a second mask layer formed over the first mask layer; a first middle trench formed in the first mask layer over a first region; a first divided filling layer formed over the substrate, wherein the first divided filling layer divides the first middle trench in a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; and a first trench formed in the second mask layer over the first region. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 19, wherein:
the substrate includes a plurality of second regions, wherein the first regions and the second regions are alternately arranged along the first direction, and the first region is in contact with an adjacent second region, wherein the semiconductor device further includes:
a second middle trench formed in the first mask layer over a second region,
a second divided filling layer formed over the substrate, wherein the second divided filling layer divides the second middle trench in the second direction, and
a second trench formed in the second mask layer over the second region. | A semiconductor device and a method for forming the semiconductor device are provided. The method includes providing a layer to-be-etched including a first sub-trench region and a second sub-trench region. The method also includes forming a first mask layer over the layer to-be-etched and a second mask layer over the first mask layer, and forming a first sub-trench disposed over the first sub-trench region in the second mask layer. In addition, the method includes forming a first divided trench in the first mask layer and forming a second sub-trench disposed over the second sub-trench region in the second mask layer. Further, the method includes forming a first divided filling layer in the first divided trench, and forming a first middle trench in the first mask layer. The first divided filling layer divides the first middle trench in a second direction.1. A method for forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a layer to-be-etched, wherein the layer to-be-etched includes a plurality of first regions arranged along a first direction, a first region includes a first trench region, the first trench region includes a first sub-trench region and a second sub-trench region, the first sub-trench region is in contact with an adjacent second sub-trench region in a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; forming a first mask layer over the layer to-be-etched and a second mask layer over the first mask layer; forming a first sub-trench disposed over the first sub-trench region in the second mask layer over the first region; forming a first photolithography mask layer over the second mask layer and a first portion of the first sub-trench, wherein the first photolithography mask layer has a first photolithography opening disposed over a second portion of the first sub-trench, and the first photolithography opening is extended to the second mask layer over the second sub-trench region in the second direction; by using the first photolithography mask layer and the second mask layer as a mask, etching the first mask layer to form a first divided trench in the first mask layer over the first region, wherein the first divided trench is disposed at a bottom of an edge of the first sub-trench in the second direction; after forming the first divided trench, removing the first photolithography mask layer; after removing the first photolithography mask layer, removing the second mask layer over the second sub-trench region to form a second sub-trench disposed over the second sub-trench region in the second mask layer over the first region, wherein the second sub-trench is connected to the first sub-trench to form a first trench; after forming the first trench, forming a first divided filling layer in the first divided trench; and by using the first divided filling layer as a mask, etching the first mask layer at a bottom of the first trench to form a first middle trench in the first mask layer over the first region, wherein the first divided filling layer divides the first middle trench in the second direction. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first divided filling layer, the first mask layer, and the second mask layer are made of materials different from each other, wherein:
the first divided filling layer is made of a material including silicon oxide, silicon nitride, titanium oxide, titanium nitride, aluminum nitride or aluminum oxide,
the first mask layer is made of a material including silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or amorphous silicon, and
the second mask layer is made of a material including silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or amorphous silicon. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first photolithography opening has a width in the first direction larger than or equal to the first sub-trench. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first photolithography opening has a width in the first direction smaller than the first sub-trench, and the second sub-trench has a width in the first direction smaller than the first divided trench. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first sub-trench has a width in the first direction in a range of approximately 10 nm-60 nm. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first divided filling layer has a width in the first direction in a range of approximately 10 nm-60 nm. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
for first photolithography openings disposed over adjacent first regions, an overlapped region between each first photolithography opening and first sub-trench has a same area; and first divided filling layers disposed over adjacent first regions have a same size in the second direction. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein:
the first divided filling layer has a width in the second direction in a range of approximately 10 nm-40 nm. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
for first photolithography openings disposed over adjacent first regions, an overlapped region between each first photolithography opening and first sub-trench has a different area; and first divided filling layers disposed over adjacent first regions have a different size in the second direction. 10. The method according to claim 1, after forming the first sub-trench and before forming the first photolithography mask layer, further including:
forming a first planarization layer on the second mask layer, and in and over the first sub-trench; forming a first bottom anti-reflective layer over the first planarization layer; and forming the first photolithography mask layer over the first bottom anti-reflective layer. 11. The method according to claim 10, further including:
before forming the first divided trench, by using the first photolithography mask layer as a mask, removing the first bottom anti-reflective layer and the first planarization layer at a bottom of the first photolithography opening, and after forming the first divided trench, removing the first bottom anti-reflective layer and the first planarization layer when removing the first photolithography mask layer. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the layer to-be-etched includes a plurality of second regions, wherein the first regions and the second regions are alternately arranged along the first direction, and the first region is in contact with an adjacent second region. 13. The method according to claim 12, further including:
after forming the second sub-trench or before forming the first sub-trench, forming a second divided trench in the second mask layer over the second region, wherein the second divided trench divides the second mask layer over the second region in the second direction; after forming the second divided trench and the second sub-trench, forming a mask sidewall spacer on a sidewall of the first trench, wherein when forming the mask sidewall spacer, the first divided filling layer is formed in the first divided trench, and a second divided filling layer in formed in the second divided trench; before forming the first middle trench, by using the second divided filling layer and the mask sidewall spacer as a mask, etching the second mask layer over the second region to form a second trench in the second mask layer over the second region, wherein the second divided filling layer divides the second trench in the second direction, and a sidewall of the second trench exposes the mask sidewall spacer; after forming the second trench, by using the second mask layer, the mask sidewall spacer and the first divided filling layer as a mask, forming the first middle trench by etching the first mask layer at the bottom of the first trench; and by using the second mask layer, the mask sidewall spacer and the second divided filling layer as a mask, forming a second middle trench in the first mask layer over the second region by etching the first mask layer at a bottom of the second trench. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming the mask sidewall spacer, the first divided filling layer and the second divided filling layer includes:
forming a divided filling film on the sidewall and at the bottom of the first trench, in the first divided trench, in the second divided trench, and over the second mask layer; and back-etching the divided filling film until a top surface of the second mask layer and the first mask layer at the bottom of the first trench are exposed, to form the first divided filling layer, the second divided filling layer, and the mask sidewall spacer. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein:
the first divided filling layer has a size in the second direction less than or equal to twice a thickness of the mask sidewall spacer; and the second divided filling layer has a size in the second direction less than or equal to twice the thickness of the mask sidewall spacer. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the layer to-be-etched includes a plurality of second regions, wherein the first regions and the second regions are alternately arranged along the first direction, and the first region is in contact with an adjacent second region; and a second region includes a second trench region, wherein the second trench region includes a third sub-trench region and a fourth sub-trench region, the third sub-trench region is in contact with an adjacent fourth sub-trench region in the second direction, and the second trench region is in contact with an adjacent first trench region. 17. The method according to claim 16, further including:
before forming the first middle trench, forming a mask sidewall spacer on a sidewall of the first trench; after forming the mask sidewall spacer and the first divided filling layer, forming a third sub-trench disposed over the third sub-trench region in the second mask layer over the second region; forming a second photolithography mask layer over the second mask layer and a first portion of the third sub-trench, wherein the second photolithography mask layer has a second photolithography opening disposed over a second portion of the third sub-trench, and the second photolithography opening is extended to the second mask layer over the fourth sub-trench region in the second direction; by using the second photolithography mask layer and the second mask layer as a mask, etching the first mask layer to form a second divided trench in the first mask layer over the second region, wherein the second divided trench is disposed at a bottom of an edge of the third sub-trench in the second direction; after forming the second divided trench, removing the second photolithography mask layer; after removing the second photolithography mask layer, removing the second mask layer over the fourth sub-trench region to form a fourth sub-trench disposed over the fourth sub-trench region in the second mask layer over the second region, wherein the fourth sub-trench and the third sub-trench are connected to form a second trench, and a sidewall of the second trench exposes the mask sidewall spacer; after forming the second trench, forming a second divided filling layer in the second divided trench; by using the second divided filling layer as a mask, etching the first mask layer at a bottom of the second trench to form a second middle trench in the first mask layer over the second region, wherein the second divided filling layer divides the second middle trench in the second direction; and after forming the second divided filling layer, forming the first middle trench. 18. The method according to claim 17, further including:
etching the layer to-be-etched at a bottom of the first middle trench to form a first target trench in the layer to-be-etched; etching the layer to-be-etched at a bottom of the second middle trench to form a second target trench in the layer to-be-etched; forming a first conductive layer in the first target trench; and forming a second conductive layer in the second target trench. 19. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate including a plurality of first regions arranged along a first direction; a first mask layer formed over the substrate; a second mask layer formed over the first mask layer; a first middle trench formed in the first mask layer over a first region; a first divided filling layer formed over the substrate, wherein the first divided filling layer divides the first middle trench in a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; and a first trench formed in the second mask layer over the first region. 20. The semiconductor device according to claim 19, wherein:
the substrate includes a plurality of second regions, wherein the first regions and the second regions are alternately arranged along the first direction, and the first region is in contact with an adjacent second region, wherein the semiconductor device further includes:
a second middle trench formed in the first mask layer over a second region,
a second divided filling layer formed over the substrate, wherein the second divided filling layer divides the second middle trench in the second direction, and
a second trench formed in the second mask layer over the second region. | 2,800 |
339,246 | 16,800,134 | 2,461 | A method, a device, and a non-transitory storage medium provide a radio access technology selection (RAT) service. The RAT selection service includes using traffic pattern information, coverage level information, and load information as a basis to select a RAT of use for an end device that has multi-RAT capabilities. The RAT selection service may select power preservation configurations for each RAT of the end device. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a wireless station of a radio access network that includes a first set of radio access technologies (RATs), downlink data to be transmitted to an end device that includes a second set of RATs; obtaining, by the wireless station, traffic pattern information that indicates one or more characteristics of the downlink data; obtaining, by the wireless station, coverage level information pertaining to the second set of RATs; obtaining, by the wireless station, load information pertaining to the second set of RATs; selecting, by the wireless station, a RAT included in the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs based on the traffic pattern information, the coverage level information, and the load information; and transmitting, by the wireless station based on the selecting, the downlink data to the end device via the RAT. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
notifying, by the wireless station via a default RAT of the end device, the end device of the downlink data to be transmitted, wherein the default RAT is included in the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs; determining, by the wireless station, whether a signaling radio bearer (SRB) for the RAT is currently established; establishing, by the wireless station in response to determining that the SRB is not currently established, the SRB; determining, by the wireless station, whether a data radio bearer (DRB) for the RAT is currently established; and establishing, by the wireless station in response to determining that the DRB is not currently established, the DRB. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the RAT is not the default RAT. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
detecting, by the wireless station, that the transmitting of the downlink data is completed; releasing, by the wireless station in response to the detecting, the SRB and the DRB of the RAT; and maintaining, by the wireless station, a radio connection with the end device via the default RAT. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the wireless station from the end device during an initial Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection procedure, an RRC Connection request that includes data indicating the second set of RATs, wherein the RRC Connection request is received prior to the wireless station receiving the downlink data to be transmitted; storing, by the wireless station, the data indicating the second set of RATs; transmitting, by the wireless station to the end device, an RRC Connection Setup message that includes data indicating signaling radio bearer (SRB) configuration information for each RAT of the second set of RATs; and successfully completing, by the wireless station, the RRC Connection procedure with the end device, wherein the end device has a radio connection with the wireless station via a default RAT of the end device. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving, by the wireless station from the end device, an attach request; transmitting, by the wireless station, the attach request to a network device of a core network of the radio access network; receiving, by the wireless station from the network device, an attach response that includes configuration information pertaining to at least one of a power saving mode (PSM), discontinuous reception (DRX), or extended DRX and the end device for each RAT of the second set of RATs; and transmitting, by the wireless station to the end device, the attach response. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more characteristics include one or more of an amount of data of a traffic flow pertaining to the downlink data, a duration of the traffic flow pertaining to the downlink data, or a packet size. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs each include two or more of Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) mode A, an eMTC mode B, a NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT), or Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR), and wherein the first set of RATs share a same Transmit Time Interval (TTI) that are time aligned. 9. A wireless station comprising:
a communication interface that includes a first set of radio access technologies (RATs); and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive, via the communication interface, downlink data to be transmitted to an end device that includes a second set of RATs, wherein the wireless station is of a radio access network;
obtain traffic pattern information that indicates one or more characteristics of the downlink data;
obtain coverage level information pertaining to the second set of RATs;
obtain load information pertaining to the second set of RATs;
select a RAT included in the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs based on the traffic pattern information, the coverage level information, and the load information; and
transmit, via the communication interface based on the selection, the downlink data to the end device via the RAT. 10. The wireless station of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
notify, via the communication interface and a default RAT of the end device, the end device of the downlink data to be transmitted, wherein the default RAT is included in the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs; determine whether a signaling radio bearer (SRB) for the RAT is currently established; establish, via the communication interface in response to a determination that the SRB is not currently established, the SRB; determine, via the communication interface, whether a data radio bearer (DRB) for the RAT is currently established; and establish, via the communication interface in response to a determination that the DRB is not currently established, the DRB. 11. The wireless station of claim 10, wherein the RAT is not the default RAT. 12. The wireless station of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
detect that the transmission of the downlink data is completed; release, in response to the detection, the SRB and the DRB of the RAT; and maintain, via the communication interface, a radio connection with the end device via the default RAT. 13. The wireless station of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive, via the communication interface from the end device during an initial Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection procedure, an RRC Connection request that includes data indicating the second set of RATs, wherein the RRC Connection request is received prior to the wireless station receiving the downlink data to be transmitted; store the data indicating the second set of RATs; transmit, via the communication interface to the end device, an RRC Connection Setup message that includes data indicating signaling radio bearer (SRB) configuration information for each RAT of the second set of RATs; and successfully complete the RRC Connection procedure with the end device, wherein the end device has a radio connection with the wireless station via a default RAT of the end device. 14. The wireless station of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive, via the communication interface from the end device, an attach request; transmit, via the communication interface, the attach request to a network device of a core network of the radio access network; receive, from the network device, an attach response that includes configuration information pertaining to at least one of a power saving mode (PSM), discontinuous reception (DRX), or extended DRX and the end device for each RAT of the second set of RATs; and transmit, via the communication interface to the end device, the attach response. 15. The wireless station of claim 9, wherein the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs each include two or more of Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) mode A, an eMTC mode B, a NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT), or Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR), and wherein the first set of RATs share a same Transmit Time Interval (TTI) that are time aligned. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions executable by a processor of a device of a radio access network that includes a first set of radio access technologies (RATs), which when executed cause the device to:
receive downlink data to be transmitted to an end device that includes a second set of RATs; obtain traffic pattern information that indicates one or more characteristics of the downlink data; obtain coverage level information pertaining to the second set of RATs; obtain load information pertaining to the second set of RATs; select a RAT included in the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs based on the traffic pattern information, the coverage level information, and the load information; and transmit, based on the selection, the downlink data to the end device via the RAT. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, further storing instructions executable by the processor of the device, which when executed cause the device to:
notify, via a default RAT of the end device, the end device of the downlink data to be transmitted, wherein the default RAT is included in the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs; determine whether a signaling radio bearer (SRB) for the RAT is currently established; establish, in response to a determination that the SRB is not currently established, the SRB; determine whether a data radio bearer (DRB) for the RAT is currently established; and establish, in response to a determination that the DRB is not currently established, the DRB, wherein the RAT is not the default RAT. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, further storing instructions executable by the processor of the device, which when executed cause the device to:
detect that the transmission of the downlink data is completed; release, in response to the detection, the SRB and the DRB of the RAT; and maintain a radio connection with the end device via the default RAT. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, further storing instructions executable by the processor of the device, which when executed cause the device to:
receive, from the end device during an initial Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection procedure, an RRC Connection request that includes data indicating the second set of RATs, wherein the RRC Connection request is received prior to the device receiving the downlink data to be transmitted; store the data indicating the second set of RATs; transmit to the end device, an RRC Connection Setup message that includes data indicating signaling radio bearer (SRB) configuration information for each RAT of the second set of RATs; and successfully complete the RRC Connection procedure with the end device, wherein the end device has a radio connection with the device via a default RAT of the end device. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs each include two or more of Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) mode A, an eMTC mode B, a NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT), or Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR), and wherein the first set of RATs share a same Transmit Time Interval (TTI) that are time aligned. | A method, a device, and a non-transitory storage medium provide a radio access technology selection (RAT) service. The RAT selection service includes using traffic pattern information, coverage level information, and load information as a basis to select a RAT of use for an end device that has multi-RAT capabilities. The RAT selection service may select power preservation configurations for each RAT of the end device.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a wireless station of a radio access network that includes a first set of radio access technologies (RATs), downlink data to be transmitted to an end device that includes a second set of RATs; obtaining, by the wireless station, traffic pattern information that indicates one or more characteristics of the downlink data; obtaining, by the wireless station, coverage level information pertaining to the second set of RATs; obtaining, by the wireless station, load information pertaining to the second set of RATs; selecting, by the wireless station, a RAT included in the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs based on the traffic pattern information, the coverage level information, and the load information; and transmitting, by the wireless station based on the selecting, the downlink data to the end device via the RAT. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
notifying, by the wireless station via a default RAT of the end device, the end device of the downlink data to be transmitted, wherein the default RAT is included in the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs; determining, by the wireless station, whether a signaling radio bearer (SRB) for the RAT is currently established; establishing, by the wireless station in response to determining that the SRB is not currently established, the SRB; determining, by the wireless station, whether a data radio bearer (DRB) for the RAT is currently established; and establishing, by the wireless station in response to determining that the DRB is not currently established, the DRB. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the RAT is not the default RAT. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
detecting, by the wireless station, that the transmitting of the downlink data is completed; releasing, by the wireless station in response to the detecting, the SRB and the DRB of the RAT; and maintaining, by the wireless station, a radio connection with the end device via the default RAT. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the wireless station from the end device during an initial Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection procedure, an RRC Connection request that includes data indicating the second set of RATs, wherein the RRC Connection request is received prior to the wireless station receiving the downlink data to be transmitted; storing, by the wireless station, the data indicating the second set of RATs; transmitting, by the wireless station to the end device, an RRC Connection Setup message that includes data indicating signaling radio bearer (SRB) configuration information for each RAT of the second set of RATs; and successfully completing, by the wireless station, the RRC Connection procedure with the end device, wherein the end device has a radio connection with the wireless station via a default RAT of the end device. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving, by the wireless station from the end device, an attach request; transmitting, by the wireless station, the attach request to a network device of a core network of the radio access network; receiving, by the wireless station from the network device, an attach response that includes configuration information pertaining to at least one of a power saving mode (PSM), discontinuous reception (DRX), or extended DRX and the end device for each RAT of the second set of RATs; and transmitting, by the wireless station to the end device, the attach response. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more characteristics include one or more of an amount of data of a traffic flow pertaining to the downlink data, a duration of the traffic flow pertaining to the downlink data, or a packet size. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs each include two or more of Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) mode A, an eMTC mode B, a NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT), or Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR), and wherein the first set of RATs share a same Transmit Time Interval (TTI) that are time aligned. 9. A wireless station comprising:
a communication interface that includes a first set of radio access technologies (RATs); and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive, via the communication interface, downlink data to be transmitted to an end device that includes a second set of RATs, wherein the wireless station is of a radio access network;
obtain traffic pattern information that indicates one or more characteristics of the downlink data;
obtain coverage level information pertaining to the second set of RATs;
obtain load information pertaining to the second set of RATs;
select a RAT included in the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs based on the traffic pattern information, the coverage level information, and the load information; and
transmit, via the communication interface based on the selection, the downlink data to the end device via the RAT. 10. The wireless station of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
notify, via the communication interface and a default RAT of the end device, the end device of the downlink data to be transmitted, wherein the default RAT is included in the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs; determine whether a signaling radio bearer (SRB) for the RAT is currently established; establish, via the communication interface in response to a determination that the SRB is not currently established, the SRB; determine, via the communication interface, whether a data radio bearer (DRB) for the RAT is currently established; and establish, via the communication interface in response to a determination that the DRB is not currently established, the DRB. 11. The wireless station of claim 10, wherein the RAT is not the default RAT. 12. The wireless station of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
detect that the transmission of the downlink data is completed; release, in response to the detection, the SRB and the DRB of the RAT; and maintain, via the communication interface, a radio connection with the end device via the default RAT. 13. The wireless station of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive, via the communication interface from the end device during an initial Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection procedure, an RRC Connection request that includes data indicating the second set of RATs, wherein the RRC Connection request is received prior to the wireless station receiving the downlink data to be transmitted; store the data indicating the second set of RATs; transmit, via the communication interface to the end device, an RRC Connection Setup message that includes data indicating signaling radio bearer (SRB) configuration information for each RAT of the second set of RATs; and successfully complete the RRC Connection procedure with the end device, wherein the end device has a radio connection with the wireless station via a default RAT of the end device. 14. The wireless station of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive, via the communication interface from the end device, an attach request; transmit, via the communication interface, the attach request to a network device of a core network of the radio access network; receive, from the network device, an attach response that includes configuration information pertaining to at least one of a power saving mode (PSM), discontinuous reception (DRX), or extended DRX and the end device for each RAT of the second set of RATs; and transmit, via the communication interface to the end device, the attach response. 15. The wireless station of claim 9, wherein the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs each include two or more of Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) mode A, an eMTC mode B, a NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT), or Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR), and wherein the first set of RATs share a same Transmit Time Interval (TTI) that are time aligned. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions executable by a processor of a device of a radio access network that includes a first set of radio access technologies (RATs), which when executed cause the device to:
receive downlink data to be transmitted to an end device that includes a second set of RATs; obtain traffic pattern information that indicates one or more characteristics of the downlink data; obtain coverage level information pertaining to the second set of RATs; obtain load information pertaining to the second set of RATs; select a RAT included in the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs based on the traffic pattern information, the coverage level information, and the load information; and transmit, based on the selection, the downlink data to the end device via the RAT. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, further storing instructions executable by the processor of the device, which when executed cause the device to:
notify, via a default RAT of the end device, the end device of the downlink data to be transmitted, wherein the default RAT is included in the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs; determine whether a signaling radio bearer (SRB) for the RAT is currently established; establish, in response to a determination that the SRB is not currently established, the SRB; determine whether a data radio bearer (DRB) for the RAT is currently established; and establish, in response to a determination that the DRB is not currently established, the DRB, wherein the RAT is not the default RAT. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, further storing instructions executable by the processor of the device, which when executed cause the device to:
detect that the transmission of the downlink data is completed; release, in response to the detection, the SRB and the DRB of the RAT; and maintain a radio connection with the end device via the default RAT. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, further storing instructions executable by the processor of the device, which when executed cause the device to:
receive, from the end device during an initial Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection procedure, an RRC Connection request that includes data indicating the second set of RATs, wherein the RRC Connection request is received prior to the device receiving the downlink data to be transmitted; store the data indicating the second set of RATs; transmit to the end device, an RRC Connection Setup message that includes data indicating signaling radio bearer (SRB) configuration information for each RAT of the second set of RATs; and successfully complete the RRC Connection procedure with the end device, wherein the end device has a radio connection with the device via a default RAT of the end device. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the first set of RATs and the second set of RATs each include two or more of Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) mode A, an eMTC mode B, a NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT), or Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR), and wherein the first set of RATs share a same Transmit Time Interval (TTI) that are time aligned. | 2,400 |
339,247 | 16,800,128 | 2,461 | A computer includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions executable by the processor to apply a transform function to a plurality of images from a real-world dataset to generate a plurality of feature vectors, to apply a subspace generation algorithm to generate basis vectors of a subspace, and to project a simulated image onto the subspace to generate a realistic synthetic image. | 1. A system, comprising a computer including a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
apply a transform function to a plurality of images from a real-world dataset to generate a plurality of feature vectors; apply a subspace generation algorithm to generate basis vectors of a subspace; and project a simulated image onto the subspace to generate a synthetic image. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to input the synthetic image to a neural network to train the neural network. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to input image data from a sensor to the neural network to identify one of a hitch ball attached to a vehicle or an angle between two parts of a trailer attached to the vehicle. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to apply the transform function to the simulated image to generate a simulated feature vector, to project the simulated feature vector onto the subspace to generate a synthetic feature vector, and to apply an inverse of the transform function to the synthetic feature vector to generate the synthetic image. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the transform function is one of a discrete cosine transform, a Fourier transform, a convolutional autoencoder, or a discrete wavelet transform. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to generate a plurality of synthetic images from a plurality of simulated images and to train a neural network by inputting the plurality of synthetic images to the neural network. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the instructions further include instructions to generate a plurality of simulated images from an image-generating engine and to generate the plurality of synthetic images from the plurality of simulated images. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the subspace generation algorithm is one of a principal component analysis algorithm, an independent component analysis algorithm, or a sparse dictionary learning algorithm. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to assign, to a set of feature vectors that includes some but not all of the plurality of feature vectors, feature vectors from the plurality of feature vectors that have a sum of eigenvalues above a threshold in a covariance matrix of all of the plurality of feature vectors and to generate the basis vectors of the subspace from eigenvectors of the set of feature vectors. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to project the feature vector generated from the simulated image onto the subspace to include a realistic feature not present in the simulated image. 11. A method, comprising:
applying a transform function to a plurality of images from a real-world dataset to generate a plurality of feature vectors; applying a subspace generation algorithm to generate basis vectors of a subspace; and projecting a simulated image onto the subspace to generate a synthetic image. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising inputting the synthetic image to a neural network to train the neural network. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising inputting image data from a sensor to the neural network to identify one of a hitch ball attached to a vehicle or an angle between two parts of a trailer attached to the vehicle. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising applying the transform function to the simulated image to generate a simulated feature vector, projecting the simulated feature vector onto the subspace to generate a synthetic feature vector, and applying an inverse of the transform function to the synthetic feature vector to generate the synthetic image. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the transform function is one of a discrete cosine transform, a Fourier transform, a convolutional autoencoder, or a discrete wavelet transform. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising generating a plurality of synthetic images from a plurality of simulated images and to train a neural network by inputting the plurality of synthetic images to the neural network. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising generating a plurality of simulated images from an image-generating engine and generating the plurality of synthetic images from the plurality of simulated images. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the subspace generation algorithm is one of a principal component analysis algorithm, an independent component analysis algorithm, or a sparse dictionary learning algorithm. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising assigning, to a set of feature vectors that includes some but not all of the plurality of feature vectors, feature vectors from the plurality of feature vectors that have a sum of eigenvalues above a threshold in a covariance matrix of all of the plurality of feature vectors and generating the basis vectors of the subspace from eigenvectors of the set of feature vectors. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising projecting the feature vector generated from the simulated image onto the subspace to include a realistic feature not present in the simulated image. | A computer includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions executable by the processor to apply a transform function to a plurality of images from a real-world dataset to generate a plurality of feature vectors, to apply a subspace generation algorithm to generate basis vectors of a subspace, and to project a simulated image onto the subspace to generate a realistic synthetic image.1. A system, comprising a computer including a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
apply a transform function to a plurality of images from a real-world dataset to generate a plurality of feature vectors; apply a subspace generation algorithm to generate basis vectors of a subspace; and project a simulated image onto the subspace to generate a synthetic image. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to input the synthetic image to a neural network to train the neural network. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to input image data from a sensor to the neural network to identify one of a hitch ball attached to a vehicle or an angle between two parts of a trailer attached to the vehicle. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to apply the transform function to the simulated image to generate a simulated feature vector, to project the simulated feature vector onto the subspace to generate a synthetic feature vector, and to apply an inverse of the transform function to the synthetic feature vector to generate the synthetic image. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the transform function is one of a discrete cosine transform, a Fourier transform, a convolutional autoencoder, or a discrete wavelet transform. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to generate a plurality of synthetic images from a plurality of simulated images and to train a neural network by inputting the plurality of synthetic images to the neural network. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the instructions further include instructions to generate a plurality of simulated images from an image-generating engine and to generate the plurality of synthetic images from the plurality of simulated images. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the subspace generation algorithm is one of a principal component analysis algorithm, an independent component analysis algorithm, or a sparse dictionary learning algorithm. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to assign, to a set of feature vectors that includes some but not all of the plurality of feature vectors, feature vectors from the plurality of feature vectors that have a sum of eigenvalues above a threshold in a covariance matrix of all of the plurality of feature vectors and to generate the basis vectors of the subspace from eigenvectors of the set of feature vectors. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to project the feature vector generated from the simulated image onto the subspace to include a realistic feature not present in the simulated image. 11. A method, comprising:
applying a transform function to a plurality of images from a real-world dataset to generate a plurality of feature vectors; applying a subspace generation algorithm to generate basis vectors of a subspace; and projecting a simulated image onto the subspace to generate a synthetic image. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising inputting the synthetic image to a neural network to train the neural network. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising inputting image data from a sensor to the neural network to identify one of a hitch ball attached to a vehicle or an angle between two parts of a trailer attached to the vehicle. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising applying the transform function to the simulated image to generate a simulated feature vector, projecting the simulated feature vector onto the subspace to generate a synthetic feature vector, and applying an inverse of the transform function to the synthetic feature vector to generate the synthetic image. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the transform function is one of a discrete cosine transform, a Fourier transform, a convolutional autoencoder, or a discrete wavelet transform. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising generating a plurality of synthetic images from a plurality of simulated images and to train a neural network by inputting the plurality of synthetic images to the neural network. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising generating a plurality of simulated images from an image-generating engine and generating the plurality of synthetic images from the plurality of simulated images. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the subspace generation algorithm is one of a principal component analysis algorithm, an independent component analysis algorithm, or a sparse dictionary learning algorithm. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising assigning, to a set of feature vectors that includes some but not all of the plurality of feature vectors, feature vectors from the plurality of feature vectors that have a sum of eigenvalues above a threshold in a covariance matrix of all of the plurality of feature vectors and generating the basis vectors of the subspace from eigenvectors of the set of feature vectors. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising projecting the feature vector generated from the simulated image onto the subspace to include a realistic feature not present in the simulated image. | 2,400 |
339,248 | 16,800,120 | 2,461 | A case having elasticity corresponding to expansion and contraction of a stacked body housed therein and a method for manufacturing the same, a method for inserting the stacked body into the case, and a cell stack using the case are provided. A case configured to house a stacked body includes two opposed contact parts in contact with the stacked body, and two spring structures connecting the two contact parts with each other. | 1. A case configured to house a stacked body, comprising:
two opposed contact parts in contact with the stacked body; and two spring structures connecting the two contact parts with each other. 2. The case according to claim 1, wherein the case is made of fiber reinforced plastic. 3. A method for manufacturing the case according to claim 2, including:
winding a carbon fiber impregnated with a resin around a mold; and curing the resin. 4. The method for manufacturing a case according to claim 3, wherein the carbon fiber impregnated with the resin is in the form of a sheet. 5. The method for manufacturing a case according to claim 3, wherein in the winding of the carbon fiber around the mold, the carbon fiber is wound around the mold while being pressed to the mold so as to conform to a shape thereof. 6. The method for manufacturing a case according to claim 3, further comprising, after the winding of the mold around the mold, using the mold as a core mold and pressing the carbon fiber by using an outer mold. 7. A method for manufacturing the case according to claim 2, comprising injection-molding the case from a resin composition containing a carbon fiber. 8. A method for inserting a stacked body into a case, comprising preparing the case according to claim 1 and the stacked body, and inserting the stacked body into the case in a state where the spring structures of the case are forcibly expanded. 9. A method for inserting a stacked body into a case, comprising preparing the case according to claim 1 and the stacked body, and inserting the stacked body into the case in a state where the stacked body is forcibly compressed in a stacking direction. 10. A cell stack comprising:
a case including two opposed contact parts and two spring structures connecting the two contact parts with each other; and a stacked body in which at least two all-solid-state battery cells are stacked, wherein the stacked body is inserted into the case and both ends of the stacked body in a stacking direction come into contact with the two contact parts, respectively, and the two contact parts are pressed in the stacking direction of the stacked body. 11. The cell stack according to claim 10, wherein the all-solid-state battery cell is a sulfide battery cell containing silicon in its negative electrode. | A case having elasticity corresponding to expansion and contraction of a stacked body housed therein and a method for manufacturing the same, a method for inserting the stacked body into the case, and a cell stack using the case are provided. A case configured to house a stacked body includes two opposed contact parts in contact with the stacked body, and two spring structures connecting the two contact parts with each other.1. A case configured to house a stacked body, comprising:
two opposed contact parts in contact with the stacked body; and two spring structures connecting the two contact parts with each other. 2. The case according to claim 1, wherein the case is made of fiber reinforced plastic. 3. A method for manufacturing the case according to claim 2, including:
winding a carbon fiber impregnated with a resin around a mold; and curing the resin. 4. The method for manufacturing a case according to claim 3, wherein the carbon fiber impregnated with the resin is in the form of a sheet. 5. The method for manufacturing a case according to claim 3, wherein in the winding of the carbon fiber around the mold, the carbon fiber is wound around the mold while being pressed to the mold so as to conform to a shape thereof. 6. The method for manufacturing a case according to claim 3, further comprising, after the winding of the mold around the mold, using the mold as a core mold and pressing the carbon fiber by using an outer mold. 7. A method for manufacturing the case according to claim 2, comprising injection-molding the case from a resin composition containing a carbon fiber. 8. A method for inserting a stacked body into a case, comprising preparing the case according to claim 1 and the stacked body, and inserting the stacked body into the case in a state where the spring structures of the case are forcibly expanded. 9. A method for inserting a stacked body into a case, comprising preparing the case according to claim 1 and the stacked body, and inserting the stacked body into the case in a state where the stacked body is forcibly compressed in a stacking direction. 10. A cell stack comprising:
a case including two opposed contact parts and two spring structures connecting the two contact parts with each other; and a stacked body in which at least two all-solid-state battery cells are stacked, wherein the stacked body is inserted into the case and both ends of the stacked body in a stacking direction come into contact with the two contact parts, respectively, and the two contact parts are pressed in the stacking direction of the stacked body. 11. The cell stack according to claim 10, wherein the all-solid-state battery cell is a sulfide battery cell containing silicon in its negative electrode. | 2,400 |
339,249 | 16,800,106 | 2,461 | A method for assembling an orthopaedic surgical instrument includes attaching a first lever to a first shell of a handle. The method also includes attaching a second lever to the first shell of the handle. The method also includes inserting a first tip of a leaf spring into a slot of the first lever. The method also includes inserting a second tip of the leaf spring into a slot of the second lever. The method also includes securing a second shell to the first shell to form the handle. | 1. A method for assembling an orthopaedic surgical instrument comprising:
attaching a first lever to a first shell of a handle, attaching a second lever to the first shell of the handle, inserting a first tip of a leaf spring into a slot of the first lever, inserting a second tip of the leaf spring into a slot of the second lever, and securing a second shell to the first shell to form the handle, wherein (i) the first lever extends outwardly from the handle through a first opening and (ii) the second lever extends outwardly from the handle through a second opening opposite the first opening. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
attaching the first lever includes attaching the first lever after inserting the first tip into the slot of the first lever and after inserting the second tip into the slot of the second lever, and attaching the second lever includes attaching the second lever after inserting the first tip into the slot of the first lever and after inserting the second tip into the slot of the second lever. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
inserting the first tip into the slot of the first lever includes inserting the first tip after attaching the first lever, and inserting the second tip into the slot of the second lever includes inserting the second tip after attaching the second lever. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
inserting the first tip further includes inserting a first circular tip of the leaf spring into a circular slot of the first lever, and inserting the second tip further includes inserting a second circular tip of the leaf spring into a circular slot of the second lever. 5. The method of claim 4, further including inserting an insert into the circular slot of the first lever prior to inserting the first circular tip. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein securing the second shell includes:
inserting a first cylindrical pin through a first pair of holes defined in the first shell and the second shell and a bore defined in the first lever, and inserting a second cylindrical pin through a second pair of holes defined in the first shell and the second shell and a bore defined in the second lever. | A method for assembling an orthopaedic surgical instrument includes attaching a first lever to a first shell of a handle. The method also includes attaching a second lever to the first shell of the handle. The method also includes inserting a first tip of a leaf spring into a slot of the first lever. The method also includes inserting a second tip of the leaf spring into a slot of the second lever. The method also includes securing a second shell to the first shell to form the handle.1. A method for assembling an orthopaedic surgical instrument comprising:
attaching a first lever to a first shell of a handle, attaching a second lever to the first shell of the handle, inserting a first tip of a leaf spring into a slot of the first lever, inserting a second tip of the leaf spring into a slot of the second lever, and securing a second shell to the first shell to form the handle, wherein (i) the first lever extends outwardly from the handle through a first opening and (ii) the second lever extends outwardly from the handle through a second opening opposite the first opening. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
attaching the first lever includes attaching the first lever after inserting the first tip into the slot of the first lever and after inserting the second tip into the slot of the second lever, and attaching the second lever includes attaching the second lever after inserting the first tip into the slot of the first lever and after inserting the second tip into the slot of the second lever. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
inserting the first tip into the slot of the first lever includes inserting the first tip after attaching the first lever, and inserting the second tip into the slot of the second lever includes inserting the second tip after attaching the second lever. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
inserting the first tip further includes inserting a first circular tip of the leaf spring into a circular slot of the first lever, and inserting the second tip further includes inserting a second circular tip of the leaf spring into a circular slot of the second lever. 5. The method of claim 4, further including inserting an insert into the circular slot of the first lever prior to inserting the first circular tip. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein securing the second shell includes:
inserting a first cylindrical pin through a first pair of holes defined in the first shell and the second shell and a bore defined in the first lever, and inserting a second cylindrical pin through a second pair of holes defined in the first shell and the second shell and a bore defined in the second lever. | 2,400 |
339,250 | 16,800,170 | 3,792 | A portable body carried device, including a mobile computer having a display, wherein the portable body carried device is configured to receive data from a hearing prosthesis, such as a cochlear implant, and present an interface display on the display from among a plurality of different interface displays based on the received data. | 1-16. (canceled) 17. A method of using a prosthesis, comprising:
automatically obtaining data pertaining to usage of the prosthesis; automatically changing a display on a phone based on the obtained data; and enabling the adjustment of a setting on the prosthesis by inputting data into the phone. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the phone is a smartphone; the display is a touchscreen display; and the action of enabling the adjustment of the setting on the prosthesis by inputting data into the phone entails inputting data into the changed touchscreen display. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the action of enabling the adjustment of the setting on the prosthesis by inputting data into the phone entails inputting data into buttons of the phone. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the prosthesis is a hearing prosthesis; the data pertaining to usage of the hearing prosthesis includes data corresponding to different periods of the recipient's hearing journey with the hearing prosthesis; and the action of automatically changing a touchscreen display entails changing the touchscreen display from a first touchscreen display to a second touchscreen display having more complexity than the first touchscreen display. 21-30. (canceled) 31. A system, comprising:
a medical device including a stimulation device configured to be attached to a recipient and configured to stimulate the recipient based on input; and a remote device including an output system, the remote device being configured to communicate with the medical device, wherein the system is configured to analyze data relating to the medical device, and the system is configured to provide an interface output from the output system from among a plurality of different interface outputs based on the analysis. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the remote device is configured to automatically prioritize a first interface output superseding a prior interface output based on the data. 33. The system of claim 31, wherein:
the interface output is an interface audio message; and the system is configured to provide the interface audio message from among a plurality of different interface audio messages based on the analysis. 34. The system of claim 31, wherein:
the interface output is an interface audio message; the medical device is a hearing prosthesis; the system is configured to provide the interface audio message from among a plurality of different interface audio messages based on the analysis; the remote device is configured to automatically prioritize a first interface audio message superseding a prior interface audio message based on the data; the stimulation of the recipient is stimulation that evokes a hearing percept; and the remote device is configured to automatically provide a second interface audio message superseding a prior interface audio message based on the data, the second interface audio message requesting input from the recipient regarding whether to adjust a hearing prosthesis adaptive functionality control, wherein the remote device is configured to receive input from the recipient via the user interface adjusting an adaptive functionality of the hearing prosthesis, and the remote device is configured to output a signal to the hearing prosthesis instructing the hearing prosthesis to adjust the adaptive functionality based on the input. 35. The system of claim 31, wherein the medical device is a hearing prosthesis and the stimulation of the recipient is stimulation that evokes a hearing percept and the remote device is configured to automatically present a first interface via the output system superseding a prior interface presented via the output system based on the data, the first interface having a hearing prosthesis volume control, wherein the remote device is configured to receive input from the recipient via the output system adjusting the volume of the hearing prosthesis, and the remote device is configured to output a signal to the hearing prosthesis instructing the hearing prosthesis to adjust the volume based on the input. 36. The system of claim 33, wherein the remote device is configured to automatically prioritize a first interface audio message superseding a prior interface audio message based on the data. 37. The system of claim 35, wherein the remote device is configured to automatically present a second interface via the output system superseding a prior interface presented via the output system based on the data, the second interface having a hearing prosthesis adaptive functionality control, wherein the remote device is configured to receive input from the recipient via the output system adjusting an adaptive functionality of the hearing prosthesis, and the remote device is configured to output a signal to the hearing prosthesis instructing the hearing prosthesis to adjust the adaptive functionality based on the input. 38. The system of claim 36, wherein:
the medical device is a hearing prosthesis; the interface output is an interface audio message; the system is configured to provide the interface audio message from among a plurality of different interface audio messages based on the analysis; the stimulation of the recipient is stimulation that evokes a hearing percept; and the first interface audio message is a message indicating the current volume setting of the hearing prosthesis, wherein the remote device is configured to receive input from the recipient via a user interface adjusting the volume of the hearing prosthesis, and the remote device is configured to output a signal to the hearing prosthesis instructing the hearing prosthesis to adjust the volume based on the input. 39. The system of claim 31, wherein:
the medical device is configured to analyze the data; and the remote device is configured to present an interface display via the output system from among a plurality of different interface displays based on a signal pertaining to the analyzed data received from the medical device. 40. The system of claim 39, wherein:
the remote device is also configured to analyze the data; and the remote device is configured to present an interface display via the output system from among a plurality of different interface displays based on the analyzed data. 41. The system of claim 31, wherein:
the medical device is a hearing prosthesis; the stimulation of the recipient is stimulation that evokes a hearing percept; the hearing prosthesis is a multimode hearing prosthesis; the data is data indicative of the hearing prosthesis being utilized in one or more modes; and the system is configured to automatically prioritize interface displays via the output system from among a plurality of different interface displays based on the received data. 42. The system of claim 41, wherein:
the multimode hearing prosthesis includes a first sub-system corresponding to a cochlear implant and a second sub-system configured to evoke a hearing percept based on a different principle of operation from that of the cochlear implant; the system is configured to automatically present a first interface display via the output system prioritizing a set of controls for one of the first sub-system or the second sub-system upon an automatic determination by the system that the hybrid hearing prosthesis is being utilized in a first mode; and the system is configured to automatically present a second interface display via the output system prioritizing a set of controls for the other of the first sub-system or the second sub-system upon an automatic determination by the system that the hybrid hearing prosthesis is being utilized in a second mode different from the first mode. 43. The system of claim 31, wherein:
the interface output is an interface audio message; the system is configured to provide the interface audio message from among a plurality of different interface audio messages based on the analysis; the medical device is a hearing prosthesis; the stimulation of the recipient evokes a hearing percept; and the first interface audio message is a message requesting input from the recipient regarding whether to adjust a volume of the hearing prosthesis, wherein the remote device is configured to receive input from the recipient via a user interface adjusting the volume of the hearing prosthesis, and the remote device is configured to output a signal to the hearing prosthesis instructing the hearing prosthesis to adjust the volume based on the input. 44. The system of claim 31, wherein the medical device is a hearing prosthesis, and the output system is configured to also receive input from a recipient of the hearing prosthesis. 45. The system of claim 31, wherein:
the remote device is configured to obtain input from a source other than the medical device; and the remote device is configured to present an interface on the display from among a plurality of different interfaces based on the input from the source other than the medical device. 46. The system of claim 42, wherein:
the first mode is a mode in which both the first sub-system and the second sub-system are utilized to evoke a hearing percept at the time of the analysis of the data; and the second mode is a mode in which only one of the first sub-system or the second sub-system is utilized to evoke a hearing percept at the time of the analysis of the data. | A portable body carried device, including a mobile computer having a display, wherein the portable body carried device is configured to receive data from a hearing prosthesis, such as a cochlear implant, and present an interface display on the display from among a plurality of different interface displays based on the received data.1-16. (canceled) 17. A method of using a prosthesis, comprising:
automatically obtaining data pertaining to usage of the prosthesis; automatically changing a display on a phone based on the obtained data; and enabling the adjustment of a setting on the prosthesis by inputting data into the phone. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the phone is a smartphone; the display is a touchscreen display; and the action of enabling the adjustment of the setting on the prosthesis by inputting data into the phone entails inputting data into the changed touchscreen display. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the action of enabling the adjustment of the setting on the prosthesis by inputting data into the phone entails inputting data into buttons of the phone. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the prosthesis is a hearing prosthesis; the data pertaining to usage of the hearing prosthesis includes data corresponding to different periods of the recipient's hearing journey with the hearing prosthesis; and the action of automatically changing a touchscreen display entails changing the touchscreen display from a first touchscreen display to a second touchscreen display having more complexity than the first touchscreen display. 21-30. (canceled) 31. A system, comprising:
a medical device including a stimulation device configured to be attached to a recipient and configured to stimulate the recipient based on input; and a remote device including an output system, the remote device being configured to communicate with the medical device, wherein the system is configured to analyze data relating to the medical device, and the system is configured to provide an interface output from the output system from among a plurality of different interface outputs based on the analysis. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the remote device is configured to automatically prioritize a first interface output superseding a prior interface output based on the data. 33. The system of claim 31, wherein:
the interface output is an interface audio message; and the system is configured to provide the interface audio message from among a plurality of different interface audio messages based on the analysis. 34. The system of claim 31, wherein:
the interface output is an interface audio message; the medical device is a hearing prosthesis; the system is configured to provide the interface audio message from among a plurality of different interface audio messages based on the analysis; the remote device is configured to automatically prioritize a first interface audio message superseding a prior interface audio message based on the data; the stimulation of the recipient is stimulation that evokes a hearing percept; and the remote device is configured to automatically provide a second interface audio message superseding a prior interface audio message based on the data, the second interface audio message requesting input from the recipient regarding whether to adjust a hearing prosthesis adaptive functionality control, wherein the remote device is configured to receive input from the recipient via the user interface adjusting an adaptive functionality of the hearing prosthesis, and the remote device is configured to output a signal to the hearing prosthesis instructing the hearing prosthesis to adjust the adaptive functionality based on the input. 35. The system of claim 31, wherein the medical device is a hearing prosthesis and the stimulation of the recipient is stimulation that evokes a hearing percept and the remote device is configured to automatically present a first interface via the output system superseding a prior interface presented via the output system based on the data, the first interface having a hearing prosthesis volume control, wherein the remote device is configured to receive input from the recipient via the output system adjusting the volume of the hearing prosthesis, and the remote device is configured to output a signal to the hearing prosthesis instructing the hearing prosthesis to adjust the volume based on the input. 36. The system of claim 33, wherein the remote device is configured to automatically prioritize a first interface audio message superseding a prior interface audio message based on the data. 37. The system of claim 35, wherein the remote device is configured to automatically present a second interface via the output system superseding a prior interface presented via the output system based on the data, the second interface having a hearing prosthesis adaptive functionality control, wherein the remote device is configured to receive input from the recipient via the output system adjusting an adaptive functionality of the hearing prosthesis, and the remote device is configured to output a signal to the hearing prosthesis instructing the hearing prosthesis to adjust the adaptive functionality based on the input. 38. The system of claim 36, wherein:
the medical device is a hearing prosthesis; the interface output is an interface audio message; the system is configured to provide the interface audio message from among a plurality of different interface audio messages based on the analysis; the stimulation of the recipient is stimulation that evokes a hearing percept; and the first interface audio message is a message indicating the current volume setting of the hearing prosthesis, wherein the remote device is configured to receive input from the recipient via a user interface adjusting the volume of the hearing prosthesis, and the remote device is configured to output a signal to the hearing prosthesis instructing the hearing prosthesis to adjust the volume based on the input. 39. The system of claim 31, wherein:
the medical device is configured to analyze the data; and the remote device is configured to present an interface display via the output system from among a plurality of different interface displays based on a signal pertaining to the analyzed data received from the medical device. 40. The system of claim 39, wherein:
the remote device is also configured to analyze the data; and the remote device is configured to present an interface display via the output system from among a plurality of different interface displays based on the analyzed data. 41. The system of claim 31, wherein:
the medical device is a hearing prosthesis; the stimulation of the recipient is stimulation that evokes a hearing percept; the hearing prosthesis is a multimode hearing prosthesis; the data is data indicative of the hearing prosthesis being utilized in one or more modes; and the system is configured to automatically prioritize interface displays via the output system from among a plurality of different interface displays based on the received data. 42. The system of claim 41, wherein:
the multimode hearing prosthesis includes a first sub-system corresponding to a cochlear implant and a second sub-system configured to evoke a hearing percept based on a different principle of operation from that of the cochlear implant; the system is configured to automatically present a first interface display via the output system prioritizing a set of controls for one of the first sub-system or the second sub-system upon an automatic determination by the system that the hybrid hearing prosthesis is being utilized in a first mode; and the system is configured to automatically present a second interface display via the output system prioritizing a set of controls for the other of the first sub-system or the second sub-system upon an automatic determination by the system that the hybrid hearing prosthesis is being utilized in a second mode different from the first mode. 43. The system of claim 31, wherein:
the interface output is an interface audio message; the system is configured to provide the interface audio message from among a plurality of different interface audio messages based on the analysis; the medical device is a hearing prosthesis; the stimulation of the recipient evokes a hearing percept; and the first interface audio message is a message requesting input from the recipient regarding whether to adjust a volume of the hearing prosthesis, wherein the remote device is configured to receive input from the recipient via a user interface adjusting the volume of the hearing prosthesis, and the remote device is configured to output a signal to the hearing prosthesis instructing the hearing prosthesis to adjust the volume based on the input. 44. The system of claim 31, wherein the medical device is a hearing prosthesis, and the output system is configured to also receive input from a recipient of the hearing prosthesis. 45. The system of claim 31, wherein:
the remote device is configured to obtain input from a source other than the medical device; and the remote device is configured to present an interface on the display from among a plurality of different interfaces based on the input from the source other than the medical device. 46. The system of claim 42, wherein:
the first mode is a mode in which both the first sub-system and the second sub-system are utilized to evoke a hearing percept at the time of the analysis of the data; and the second mode is a mode in which only one of the first sub-system or the second sub-system is utilized to evoke a hearing percept at the time of the analysis of the data. | 3,700 |
339,251 | 16,800,150 | 3,792 | A high-speed tensile testing machine conducts a tensile test on a test piece by applying a test force to the test piece. The high-speed tensile testing machine includes a detection unit configured to detect a test period indicating a time from when the test piece starts to deform under action of the test force to when the test piece breaks, and a determination unit configured to determine validity of a test result of the tensile test, on the basis of the test period and natural vibration of the high-speed tensile testing machine. Specifically, in the case where the test period is a predetermined multiple or more of a specific cycle indicating a cycle of the natural vibration of the high-speed tensile testing machine, the determination unit determines that the test result of the tensile test is valid. | 1. A tensile testing machine for conducting a tensile test on a test piece by applying a load to the test piece, the tensile testing machine comprising:
a detection unit configured to detect a test period indicating a time from start to end of the tensile test; and a determination unit configured to determine validity of a test result of the tensile test, on a basis of the test period and natural vibration of the tensile testing machine. 2. The tensile testing machine according to claim 1, wherein,
in a case where a frequency spectrum indicating the natural vibration of the tensile testing machine includes a plurality of peaks, a frequency of a peak, an intensity of which is equal to or greater than a predetermined intensity, among the plurality of peaks is used as a frequency of the natural vibration. 3. The tensile testing machine according to claim 2, wherein,
in a case where the frequency spectrum includes a plurality of peaks, intensities of which are equal to or greater than the predetermined intensity, a frequency of a peak with a smallest frequency among the plurality of peaks, the intensities of which are equal to or greater than the predetermined intensity, is used as the frequency of the natural vibration. 4. The tensile testing machine according to claim 1, wherein
the determination unit determines the validity of the test result of the tensile test, on a basis of the test period and a specific cycle indicating a cycle corresponding to a frequency of the natural vibration. 5. The tensile testing machine according to claim 4, wherein,
in a case where the test period is a predetermined multiple or more of the specific cycle, the determination unit determines that the test result of the tensile test is valid. 6. A control method of a tensile testing machine for conducting a tensile test on a test piece by applying a load to the test piece, the control method comprising:
detecting a test period indicating a time from start to end of the tensile test; and determining validity of a test result of the tensile test, on a basis of the test period and natural vibration of the tensile testing machine. | A high-speed tensile testing machine conducts a tensile test on a test piece by applying a test force to the test piece. The high-speed tensile testing machine includes a detection unit configured to detect a test period indicating a time from when the test piece starts to deform under action of the test force to when the test piece breaks, and a determination unit configured to determine validity of a test result of the tensile test, on the basis of the test period and natural vibration of the high-speed tensile testing machine. Specifically, in the case where the test period is a predetermined multiple or more of a specific cycle indicating a cycle of the natural vibration of the high-speed tensile testing machine, the determination unit determines that the test result of the tensile test is valid.1. A tensile testing machine for conducting a tensile test on a test piece by applying a load to the test piece, the tensile testing machine comprising:
a detection unit configured to detect a test period indicating a time from start to end of the tensile test; and a determination unit configured to determine validity of a test result of the tensile test, on a basis of the test period and natural vibration of the tensile testing machine. 2. The tensile testing machine according to claim 1, wherein,
in a case where a frequency spectrum indicating the natural vibration of the tensile testing machine includes a plurality of peaks, a frequency of a peak, an intensity of which is equal to or greater than a predetermined intensity, among the plurality of peaks is used as a frequency of the natural vibration. 3. The tensile testing machine according to claim 2, wherein,
in a case where the frequency spectrum includes a plurality of peaks, intensities of which are equal to or greater than the predetermined intensity, a frequency of a peak with a smallest frequency among the plurality of peaks, the intensities of which are equal to or greater than the predetermined intensity, is used as the frequency of the natural vibration. 4. The tensile testing machine according to claim 1, wherein
the determination unit determines the validity of the test result of the tensile test, on a basis of the test period and a specific cycle indicating a cycle corresponding to a frequency of the natural vibration. 5. The tensile testing machine according to claim 4, wherein,
in a case where the test period is a predetermined multiple or more of the specific cycle, the determination unit determines that the test result of the tensile test is valid. 6. A control method of a tensile testing machine for conducting a tensile test on a test piece by applying a load to the test piece, the control method comprising:
detecting a test period indicating a time from start to end of the tensile test; and determining validity of a test result of the tensile test, on a basis of the test period and natural vibration of the tensile testing machine. | 3,700 |
339,252 | 16,800,122 | 3,792 | A display device includes a display panel including a plurality of pixels and a display panel driver configured to drive the display panel. Here, the display panel driver is configured to receive input image data, to drive the display panel at a first driving frequency when the input image data corresponds to a moving image, and to select one of a plurality of flicker lookup tables based on the first driving frequency and drive the display panel at a second driving frequency based on the flicker lookup table when the input image data corresponds to a still image. | 1. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a plurality of pixels; and a display panel driver configured to drive the display panel, wherein the display panel driver is configured to receive input image data, to drive the display panel at a first driving frequency when the input image data corresponds to a moving image, and to select one of a plurality of flicker lookup tables based on the first driving frequency and drive the display panel at a second driving frequency based on the selected flicker lookup table when the input image data corresponds to a still image. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of flicker lookup tables stores flicker values respectively corresponding to grayscales of the input image data that is driven at the first driving frequency and stores the second driving frequency that is changed according to the flicker values. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first driving frequency is higher than the second driving frequency. 4. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display panel driver includes:
an image determiner configured to receive the input image data to determine whether the input image data corresponds to the moving image or the still image; a storage unit configured to store the plurality of flicker lookup tables; a selector configured to select one of the plurality of flicker lookup tables based on the first driving frequency; and a frequency determiner configured to determine the second driving frequency based on the selected flicker lookup table. 5. The display device of claim 4, wherein the selector selects one of the plurality of flicker lookup tables according to the first driving frequency. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the selector selects one of the plurality of flicker lookup tables according to a frequency band in which the first driving frequency is included. 7. The display device of claim 4, wherein the selector receives the first driving frequency from an external device. 8. The display device of claim 4, wherein the selector calculates the first driving frequency based on the input image data. 9. The display device of claim 8, wherein the selector calculates the first driving frequency by counting a reference clock signal that is input during an active period of a vertical synchronization signal. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display panel driver stores the plurality of flicker lookup tables during a manufacturing process of the display device. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display panel driver stores a reference flicker lookup table corresponding to a reference driving frequency during a manufacturing process of the display device and generates the plurality of flicker lookup tables by using a conversion coefficient for converting the reference flicker lookup table. 12. A method of driving a display device comprising:
receiving input image data; determining whether the input image data corresponds to a moving image or a still image; driving a display panel at a first driving frequency when the input image data corresponds to the moving image; selecting one of a plurality of flicker lookup tables based on the first driving frequency and determining a second driving frequency based on the selected flicker lookup table when the input image data corresponds to the still image; and driving the display panel at the second driving frequency when the input image data corresponds to the still image. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of flicker lookup tables stores flicker values respectively corresponding to grayscales of the input image data that is driven at the first driving frequency and stores the second driving frequency that is changed according to the flicker values. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the first driving frequency is higher than the second driving frequency. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the selected flicker lookup table is selected according to the first driving frequency. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the selected flicker lookup table is selected according to a frequency band in which the first driving frequency is included. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the first driving frequency is provided from an external device. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the first driving frequency is calculated based on the input image data. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first driving frequency is calculated by counting a reference clock signal that is input during an active period of a vertical synchronization signal. 20. The method of claim 12, wherein the plurality of flicker lookup tables are generated by using a conversion coefficient for converting a reference flicker lookup table corresponding to a reference driving frequency. 21. A method of driving a display device comprising:
receiving input image data; determining that the input image data corresponds to a still image; looking up an intermediary second driving frequency in a reference flicker lookup table according to a first driving frequency; looking up a conversion coefficient in a conversion coefficient lookup table according to the first driving frequency; determining a second driving frequency by multiplying the intermediary second driving frequency by the conversion coefficient; and driving a display panel at the second driving frequency. | A display device includes a display panel including a plurality of pixels and a display panel driver configured to drive the display panel. Here, the display panel driver is configured to receive input image data, to drive the display panel at a first driving frequency when the input image data corresponds to a moving image, and to select one of a plurality of flicker lookup tables based on the first driving frequency and drive the display panel at a second driving frequency based on the flicker lookup table when the input image data corresponds to a still image.1. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a plurality of pixels; and a display panel driver configured to drive the display panel, wherein the display panel driver is configured to receive input image data, to drive the display panel at a first driving frequency when the input image data corresponds to a moving image, and to select one of a plurality of flicker lookup tables based on the first driving frequency and drive the display panel at a second driving frequency based on the selected flicker lookup table when the input image data corresponds to a still image. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of flicker lookup tables stores flicker values respectively corresponding to grayscales of the input image data that is driven at the first driving frequency and stores the second driving frequency that is changed according to the flicker values. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first driving frequency is higher than the second driving frequency. 4. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display panel driver includes:
an image determiner configured to receive the input image data to determine whether the input image data corresponds to the moving image or the still image; a storage unit configured to store the plurality of flicker lookup tables; a selector configured to select one of the plurality of flicker lookup tables based on the first driving frequency; and a frequency determiner configured to determine the second driving frequency based on the selected flicker lookup table. 5. The display device of claim 4, wherein the selector selects one of the plurality of flicker lookup tables according to the first driving frequency. 6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the selector selects one of the plurality of flicker lookup tables according to a frequency band in which the first driving frequency is included. 7. The display device of claim 4, wherein the selector receives the first driving frequency from an external device. 8. The display device of claim 4, wherein the selector calculates the first driving frequency based on the input image data. 9. The display device of claim 8, wherein the selector calculates the first driving frequency by counting a reference clock signal that is input during an active period of a vertical synchronization signal. 10. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display panel driver stores the plurality of flicker lookup tables during a manufacturing process of the display device. 11. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display panel driver stores a reference flicker lookup table corresponding to a reference driving frequency during a manufacturing process of the display device and generates the plurality of flicker lookup tables by using a conversion coefficient for converting the reference flicker lookup table. 12. A method of driving a display device comprising:
receiving input image data; determining whether the input image data corresponds to a moving image or a still image; driving a display panel at a first driving frequency when the input image data corresponds to the moving image; selecting one of a plurality of flicker lookup tables based on the first driving frequency and determining a second driving frequency based on the selected flicker lookup table when the input image data corresponds to the still image; and driving the display panel at the second driving frequency when the input image data corresponds to the still image. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of flicker lookup tables stores flicker values respectively corresponding to grayscales of the input image data that is driven at the first driving frequency and stores the second driving frequency that is changed according to the flicker values. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the first driving frequency is higher than the second driving frequency. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the selected flicker lookup table is selected according to the first driving frequency. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the selected flicker lookup table is selected according to a frequency band in which the first driving frequency is included. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the first driving frequency is provided from an external device. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the first driving frequency is calculated based on the input image data. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first driving frequency is calculated by counting a reference clock signal that is input during an active period of a vertical synchronization signal. 20. The method of claim 12, wherein the plurality of flicker lookup tables are generated by using a conversion coefficient for converting a reference flicker lookup table corresponding to a reference driving frequency. 21. A method of driving a display device comprising:
receiving input image data; determining that the input image data corresponds to a still image; looking up an intermediary second driving frequency in a reference flicker lookup table according to a first driving frequency; looking up a conversion coefficient in a conversion coefficient lookup table according to the first driving frequency; determining a second driving frequency by multiplying the intermediary second driving frequency by the conversion coefficient; and driving a display panel at the second driving frequency. | 3,700 |
339,253 | 16,800,156 | 3,794 | High-density mapping catheters with an array of mapping electrodes are disclosed. These catheters can be used for diagnosing and treating cardiac arrhythmias, for example. The catheters are adapted to contact tissue and comprise a flexible framework including the electrode array. The array of electrodes may be formed from a plurality of columns of longitudinally-aligned and rows of laterally-aligned electrodes. | 1. A planar array catheter comprising:
an elongated catheter shaft including a proximal end and a distal end, and defining a catheter longitudinal axis extending between the proximal and distal ends; and a flexible, planar array at the distal end of the catheter shaft, the planar array configured to conform to tissue, and includes two or more arms extending substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis, each of the arms having a plurality of electrodes mounted thereon; and wherein the electrodes on each arm are grouped into cliques of three or more electrodes. 2. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electrodes on each arm are configured in at least two columns oriented substantially parallel with the catheter longitudinal axis. 3. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein the cliques of electrodes are configured in a triangular-shape, each clique having at least three electrodes, the cliques of electrodes configured to sample electrical characteristics of contacted tissue in at least two substantially transverse directions. 4. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein each of the two or more arms of the planar array includes electrodes on both an inner and outer surface, each of the cliques include at least one electrode on an inner surface of the arm, the at least one electrode on the inner surface of the arm configured to facilitate sampling of electrical characteristics in a direction normal to the contacted tissue. 5. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein a distance between at least two pairs of electrodes within each clique is equal. 6. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein a distance between the electrodes in each clique remains constant in contracted and deployed configurations of the planar array. 7. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein a center-to-center distance between the electrodes in each clique is between 0.5 and 4 millimeters. 8. The planar array catheter of claim 3, wherein the electrical characteristics sampled by the electrodes in a clique are collectively indicative of the true electrical characteristics of the tissue independent of an orientation of the planar array relative to the tissue. 9. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein the electrodes of the cliques form an isosceles triangle with a vertex angle between 30°-140°. 10. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein the electrodes of the cliques form a right triangle. 11. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electrodes are spot electrodes and the two or more arms include flexible electronic circuits that are communicatively and mechanically coupled to the spot electrodes. 12. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein the electrodes of a clique are configured to collect electrical signals emanating from the tissue in contact with the planar array indicative of the electrical characteristics of the tissue, the electrical characteristics of the tissue being independent of an orientation of the planar array relative to the tissue. | High-density mapping catheters with an array of mapping electrodes are disclosed. These catheters can be used for diagnosing and treating cardiac arrhythmias, for example. The catheters are adapted to contact tissue and comprise a flexible framework including the electrode array. The array of electrodes may be formed from a plurality of columns of longitudinally-aligned and rows of laterally-aligned electrodes.1. A planar array catheter comprising:
an elongated catheter shaft including a proximal end and a distal end, and defining a catheter longitudinal axis extending between the proximal and distal ends; and a flexible, planar array at the distal end of the catheter shaft, the planar array configured to conform to tissue, and includes two or more arms extending substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis, each of the arms having a plurality of electrodes mounted thereon; and wherein the electrodes on each arm are grouped into cliques of three or more electrodes. 2. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electrodes on each arm are configured in at least two columns oriented substantially parallel with the catheter longitudinal axis. 3. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein the cliques of electrodes are configured in a triangular-shape, each clique having at least three electrodes, the cliques of electrodes configured to sample electrical characteristics of contacted tissue in at least two substantially transverse directions. 4. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein each of the two or more arms of the planar array includes electrodes on both an inner and outer surface, each of the cliques include at least one electrode on an inner surface of the arm, the at least one electrode on the inner surface of the arm configured to facilitate sampling of electrical characteristics in a direction normal to the contacted tissue. 5. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein a distance between at least two pairs of electrodes within each clique is equal. 6. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein a distance between the electrodes in each clique remains constant in contracted and deployed configurations of the planar array. 7. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein a center-to-center distance between the electrodes in each clique is between 0.5 and 4 millimeters. 8. The planar array catheter of claim 3, wherein the electrical characteristics sampled by the electrodes in a clique are collectively indicative of the true electrical characteristics of the tissue independent of an orientation of the planar array relative to the tissue. 9. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein the electrodes of the cliques form an isosceles triangle with a vertex angle between 30°-140°. 10. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein the electrodes of the cliques form a right triangle. 11. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electrodes are spot electrodes and the two or more arms include flexible electronic circuits that are communicatively and mechanically coupled to the spot electrodes. 12. The planar array catheter of claim 1, wherein the electrodes of a clique are configured to collect electrical signals emanating from the tissue in contact with the planar array indicative of the electrical characteristics of the tissue, the electrical characteristics of the tissue being independent of an orientation of the planar array relative to the tissue. | 3,700 |
339,254 | 16,800,166 | 3,794 | A relay device includes: multiple ports; a queue for each port storing a transmission scheduled frame and having a variable storage capacity with a minimum guarantee value; a shared storage area having a predetermined storage capacity for each queue; and a storage controller controlling to store the transmission scheduled frame in each queue. The storage controller stores the transmission scheduled frame in a storage destination queue when a usage storage capacity of the storage destination queue does not exceed the minimum guarantee value. The storage controller uses a free area as the storage destination queue and stores the transmission scheduled frame in the storage destination queue when the shared storage area has the free storage area for storing the transmission scheduled frame and the usage storage capacity of the storage destination queue exceeds the minimum guarantee value. | 1. A relay device comprising:
a plurality of ports; at least one queue arranged for each of the ports, storing a transmission scheduled frame which is to be transmitted from a corresponding port, having a variable storage capacity with a minimum guarantee value of storage capacity; a shared storage area having a predetermined storage capacity for each queue; and a storage controller controlling to store the transmission scheduled frame in each queue, wherein: the storage controller stores the transmission scheduled frame in a storage destination queue, which is one of queues in which the transmission scheduled frame is to be stored, when a usage storage capacity of the storage destination queue does not exceed the minimum guarantee value of the storage destination queue; and the storage controller uses a free area as the storage destination queue and stores the transmission scheduled frame in the storage destination queue in a case where the shared storage area has the free storage area for storing the transmission scheduled frame when the usage storage capacity of the storage destination queue exceeds the minimum guarantee value of the storage destination queue. 2. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
each queue has a maximum allowable value of the storage capacity; and the storage controller stores the transmission scheduled frame in the storage destination queue within a range in which the usage storage capacity of the storage destination queue does not exceed the maximum allowable value of the storage destination queue. 3. The relay device according to claim 2, wherein:
a sum of maximum allowable values of the queues is larger than a total storage capacity available for the queues. 4. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
the shared storage area provides all of storage capacities including the storage capacity of the minimum guarantee value of each queue; and in a case where the shared storage area has no free storage area for storing the transmission scheduled frame when the usage storage capacity of the storage destination queue does not exceed the minimum guarantee value of the storage destination queue, the storage controller discards a frame stored in a queue whose usage storage capacity exceeds the minimum guarantee value of the queue to generate the free storage area for of storing the transmission scheduled frame in the shared storage area, uses at least a part of the free area as the storage destination queue, and stores the transmission scheduled frame in the storage destination queue. 5. The relay device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a guarantee value storage unit in which the minimum guarantee value of each queue is written by an external device disposed outside the relay device, wherein; the minimum guarantee value of each queue is set to a value written in the guarantee value storage unit. 6. The relay device according to claim 2, further comprising
an allowable value storage unit in which the maximum allowable value of each queue is written by an external device disposed outside the relay device, wherein; the maximum allowable value of each queue is set to a value written in the allowable value storage unit. | A relay device includes: multiple ports; a queue for each port storing a transmission scheduled frame and having a variable storage capacity with a minimum guarantee value; a shared storage area having a predetermined storage capacity for each queue; and a storage controller controlling to store the transmission scheduled frame in each queue. The storage controller stores the transmission scheduled frame in a storage destination queue when a usage storage capacity of the storage destination queue does not exceed the minimum guarantee value. The storage controller uses a free area as the storage destination queue and stores the transmission scheduled frame in the storage destination queue when the shared storage area has the free storage area for storing the transmission scheduled frame and the usage storage capacity of the storage destination queue exceeds the minimum guarantee value.1. A relay device comprising:
a plurality of ports; at least one queue arranged for each of the ports, storing a transmission scheduled frame which is to be transmitted from a corresponding port, having a variable storage capacity with a minimum guarantee value of storage capacity; a shared storage area having a predetermined storage capacity for each queue; and a storage controller controlling to store the transmission scheduled frame in each queue, wherein: the storage controller stores the transmission scheduled frame in a storage destination queue, which is one of queues in which the transmission scheduled frame is to be stored, when a usage storage capacity of the storage destination queue does not exceed the minimum guarantee value of the storage destination queue; and the storage controller uses a free area as the storage destination queue and stores the transmission scheduled frame in the storage destination queue in a case where the shared storage area has the free storage area for storing the transmission scheduled frame when the usage storage capacity of the storage destination queue exceeds the minimum guarantee value of the storage destination queue. 2. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
each queue has a maximum allowable value of the storage capacity; and the storage controller stores the transmission scheduled frame in the storage destination queue within a range in which the usage storage capacity of the storage destination queue does not exceed the maximum allowable value of the storage destination queue. 3. The relay device according to claim 2, wherein:
a sum of maximum allowable values of the queues is larger than a total storage capacity available for the queues. 4. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
the shared storage area provides all of storage capacities including the storage capacity of the minimum guarantee value of each queue; and in a case where the shared storage area has no free storage area for storing the transmission scheduled frame when the usage storage capacity of the storage destination queue does not exceed the minimum guarantee value of the storage destination queue, the storage controller discards a frame stored in a queue whose usage storage capacity exceeds the minimum guarantee value of the queue to generate the free storage area for of storing the transmission scheduled frame in the shared storage area, uses at least a part of the free area as the storage destination queue, and stores the transmission scheduled frame in the storage destination queue. 5. The relay device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a guarantee value storage unit in which the minimum guarantee value of each queue is written by an external device disposed outside the relay device, wherein; the minimum guarantee value of each queue is set to a value written in the guarantee value storage unit. 6. The relay device according to claim 2, further comprising
an allowable value storage unit in which the maximum allowable value of each queue is written by an external device disposed outside the relay device, wherein; the maximum allowable value of each queue is set to a value written in the allowable value storage unit. | 3,700 |
339,255 | 16,800,160 | 3,794 | Disclosed is a method of providing a scenario-based overlay torque request signal in a steer torque manager (1) during driver-override of an auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function in a road vehicle (3) having an EPAS system (4). The steer torque manager (1) has a wheel angle controller (1 b) for providing an assistance torque request related signal, and a driver-in-the-loop functionality (1 a) for determining driver-override and providing a driver-override related signal. The method comprises receiving signals related to: assistance torque request; driver-override; road vehicle velocity; steering pinion angle; distance to an adjacent lane marker (5 a , 5 b); and distance to an adjacent potential threat object (6), and producing, from the received signals, during ongoing driver-override, a signal representative of a resistance torque request corresponding to one of a finite number of pre-defined scenarios for different signal combinations, and producing the scenario-based steering wheel overlay torque request signal through combining the assistance torque request and the resistance torque request signals. | 1. A method of providing a scenario-based overlay torque request signal in a steer torque manager (1) during driver-override of an auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function in a road vehicle (3) having an electrical power assisted steering system (4),
the steer torque manager (1) having: a wheel angle controller (1 b) for providing an assistance torque request related signal from an auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function overlay torque request and a torque request from the electrical power assisted steering (4); a driver-in-the-loop functionality (1 a) for determining driver-override of the auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function through considering both a current steering wheel torque and a weighted average of a measured steering wheel torque over the last couple of seconds and providing a driver-override related signal, the method comprising: receiving the assistance torque request related signal; receiving the driver-override related signal; receiving a road vehicle velocity related signal; receiving a steering pinion angle related signal; receiving a signal representative of a distance to an adjacent lane marker; receiving a signal representative of a distance to an adjacent potential threat object; producing from the received signals, when the driver-override related signal indicates ongoing driver-override, a signal representative of a resistance torque request corresponding to one of a finite number of pre-defined scenarios for different signal combinations; producing, by the steer torque manager (1), the scenario-based steering wheel overlay torque request signal through combining the assistance torque request signal and the resistance torque request signal. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein it further comprises receiving as the signal representative of a distance to an adjacent potential threat object (6) a signal representative of an estimated Times to Collision (TTC) with an adjacent potential threat object (6). 3. A method according claim 2, wherein producing the signal representative of a resistance torque request further comprises scaling the signal with the functions:
f(x)i: x ∈ [−1,1], i ∈ Ω g(TTC)i: TTC ∈ [0, TTCmax], i ∈ Ω where the set Ω contains a finite number of pre-defined scenarios for which a resistance torque previously has been separately tuned, and x is a normalized distance from an adjacent lane marker (5 a, 5 b) to a center of a lane (5) currently traveled; a left-hand lane marker (5 a) being located at x=−1 and a right-hand lane marker (5 b) being located at x=1. 4. A method according to claim 3, wherein it further comprises receiving a signal representative of classified potential threat objects (6) determined through fusion of sensor data from multiple vehicle (3) born sensors and systems, such as camera sensors, radar sensors, lidar sensors, satellite navigation systems and digital maps, and determining a current scenario from the set Ω of pre-defined scenarios based on the signal representative of classified potential threat objects (6). 5. A method according to claim 3, wherein it further comprises using, for a determined pre-defined scenario with no potential threat objects (6) to the right or to the left of the road vehicle (3), a function f(x) being a convex bathtub shaped function with a flat minimum at x=0 and monotonically increasing with increasing |x| as the road vehicle (3) approaches a lane marker (5 a,5 b). 6. A method according to claim 3, wherein it further comprises using, for a determined scenario with threat objects (6) either to the left or to the right of a lane (5) currently traveled by the road vehicle (3), a function f(x) being asymmetric around the center x=0 of the lane (5) currently traveled and increasing as the road vehicle (3) approaches threat objects (6). 7. A method according to claim 3, wherein it further comprises using, in case that a driver of the road vehicle (3) is pulling against the auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function towards a collision with a potential threat object (6), a function g(TTC)i arranged to increase the resistance torque, the function g(TTC)i being increasing with decreasing Time to Collision TTC, and if TTC>TTCmax then the function g(TTC)i=1. 8. A road vehicle (3) steer torque manager (1) having: a wheel angle controller (1 b) for providing an assistance torque request related signal from an auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function overlay torque request and a torque request from the electrical power assisted steering (4);
a driver-in-the-loop functionality (1 a) for determining driver-override of the auxiliary steering assistance system (4) function through considering both a current steering wheel torque and a weighted average of a measured steering wheel torque over the last couple of seconds and providing a driver-override related signal; and means adopted to execute the method of claim 1. 9. A computer program comprising instructions to cause a road vehicle (3) steer torque manager (1) to execute the method of claim 1, said road vehicle steer torque manager having:
a wheel angle controller (1 b) for providing an assistance torque request related signal from an auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function overlay torque request and a torque request from the electrical power assisted steering (4); and a driver-in-the-loop functionality (1 a) for determining driver-override of the auxiliary steering assistance system (4) function through considering both a current steering wheel torque and a weighted average of a measured steering wheel torque over the last couple of seconds and providing a driver-override related signal. | Disclosed is a method of providing a scenario-based overlay torque request signal in a steer torque manager (1) during driver-override of an auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function in a road vehicle (3) having an EPAS system (4). The steer torque manager (1) has a wheel angle controller (1 b) for providing an assistance torque request related signal, and a driver-in-the-loop functionality (1 a) for determining driver-override and providing a driver-override related signal. The method comprises receiving signals related to: assistance torque request; driver-override; road vehicle velocity; steering pinion angle; distance to an adjacent lane marker (5 a , 5 b); and distance to an adjacent potential threat object (6), and producing, from the received signals, during ongoing driver-override, a signal representative of a resistance torque request corresponding to one of a finite number of pre-defined scenarios for different signal combinations, and producing the scenario-based steering wheel overlay torque request signal through combining the assistance torque request and the resistance torque request signals.1. A method of providing a scenario-based overlay torque request signal in a steer torque manager (1) during driver-override of an auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function in a road vehicle (3) having an electrical power assisted steering system (4),
the steer torque manager (1) having: a wheel angle controller (1 b) for providing an assistance torque request related signal from an auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function overlay torque request and a torque request from the electrical power assisted steering (4); a driver-in-the-loop functionality (1 a) for determining driver-override of the auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function through considering both a current steering wheel torque and a weighted average of a measured steering wheel torque over the last couple of seconds and providing a driver-override related signal, the method comprising: receiving the assistance torque request related signal; receiving the driver-override related signal; receiving a road vehicle velocity related signal; receiving a steering pinion angle related signal; receiving a signal representative of a distance to an adjacent lane marker; receiving a signal representative of a distance to an adjacent potential threat object; producing from the received signals, when the driver-override related signal indicates ongoing driver-override, a signal representative of a resistance torque request corresponding to one of a finite number of pre-defined scenarios for different signal combinations; producing, by the steer torque manager (1), the scenario-based steering wheel overlay torque request signal through combining the assistance torque request signal and the resistance torque request signal. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein it further comprises receiving as the signal representative of a distance to an adjacent potential threat object (6) a signal representative of an estimated Times to Collision (TTC) with an adjacent potential threat object (6). 3. A method according claim 2, wherein producing the signal representative of a resistance torque request further comprises scaling the signal with the functions:
f(x)i: x ∈ [−1,1], i ∈ Ω g(TTC)i: TTC ∈ [0, TTCmax], i ∈ Ω where the set Ω contains a finite number of pre-defined scenarios for which a resistance torque previously has been separately tuned, and x is a normalized distance from an adjacent lane marker (5 a, 5 b) to a center of a lane (5) currently traveled; a left-hand lane marker (5 a) being located at x=−1 and a right-hand lane marker (5 b) being located at x=1. 4. A method according to claim 3, wherein it further comprises receiving a signal representative of classified potential threat objects (6) determined through fusion of sensor data from multiple vehicle (3) born sensors and systems, such as camera sensors, radar sensors, lidar sensors, satellite navigation systems and digital maps, and determining a current scenario from the set Ω of pre-defined scenarios based on the signal representative of classified potential threat objects (6). 5. A method according to claim 3, wherein it further comprises using, for a determined pre-defined scenario with no potential threat objects (6) to the right or to the left of the road vehicle (3), a function f(x) being a convex bathtub shaped function with a flat minimum at x=0 and monotonically increasing with increasing |x| as the road vehicle (3) approaches a lane marker (5 a,5 b). 6. A method according to claim 3, wherein it further comprises using, for a determined scenario with threat objects (6) either to the left or to the right of a lane (5) currently traveled by the road vehicle (3), a function f(x) being asymmetric around the center x=0 of the lane (5) currently traveled and increasing as the road vehicle (3) approaches threat objects (6). 7. A method according to claim 3, wherein it further comprises using, in case that a driver of the road vehicle (3) is pulling against the auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function towards a collision with a potential threat object (6), a function g(TTC)i arranged to increase the resistance torque, the function g(TTC)i being increasing with decreasing Time to Collision TTC, and if TTC>TTCmax then the function g(TTC)i=1. 8. A road vehicle (3) steer torque manager (1) having: a wheel angle controller (1 b) for providing an assistance torque request related signal from an auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function overlay torque request and a torque request from the electrical power assisted steering (4);
a driver-in-the-loop functionality (1 a) for determining driver-override of the auxiliary steering assistance system (4) function through considering both a current steering wheel torque and a weighted average of a measured steering wheel torque over the last couple of seconds and providing a driver-override related signal; and means adopted to execute the method of claim 1. 9. A computer program comprising instructions to cause a road vehicle (3) steer torque manager (1) to execute the method of claim 1, said road vehicle steer torque manager having:
a wheel angle controller (1 b) for providing an assistance torque request related signal from an auxiliary steering assistance system (2) function overlay torque request and a torque request from the electrical power assisted steering (4); and a driver-in-the-loop functionality (1 a) for determining driver-override of the auxiliary steering assistance system (4) function through considering both a current steering wheel torque and a weighted average of a measured steering wheel torque over the last couple of seconds and providing a driver-override related signal. | 3,700 |
339,256 | 16,800,164 | 3,794 | Electrostatic friction textures on a touchscreen panel are used to create the sensation of block icons in a contextual menu adapted to an automotive environment. In particular, a center stack touchscreen friction display in a passenger vehicle provides one set of touch controls and HMI data to the driver while simultaneously providing either the same control options and HMI or a completely different set of information and menu structure to the passenger in invisible texture form. The invisible texture is in the form of block icons, and coincidence between a finger of a passenger and a block icon results in an audio announcement of the block icon to guide a visually impaired passenger through the contextual menu. | 1. A control system for a vehicle with a driver seat, a passenger seat, and a plurality of vehicle accessories having controllable functions, comprising:
a touchscreen display for displaying a graphical HMI and detecting at least one contact point on the display established manually by touching by a finger of an occupant of one of the seats; a haptic texture system having an electrode disposed across the touchscreen display and first and second signal generators generating first and second oscillating signals coupled to the driver and passenger seats, respectively, to produce a respective potential difference between the finger and the electrode resulting in a corresponding perceived texture as the finger slides over the touchscreen display; an audio reproduction system adapted to reproduce audio messages; and a control circuit determining which of the oscillating signals is associated with a detected touch of a finger to identify a corresponding seat, wherein the control circuit has a passenger mode when the identified seat is the passenger seat, wherein the passenger mode comprises 1) providing a texture pattern for a menu page comprising a plurality of block icons corresponding to the controllable functions, 2) comparing the contact point of the finger with respective locations of the block icons, 3) when the contact point coincides with one of the block icons then initiating an audio message identifying the coincident block icon, 4) detecting whether a selection gesture is produced by the contacting finger, and 5) if the selection gesture is detected then initiating an action corresponding to the coincident block icon. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the passenger mode is independent of the graphical HMI. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the action is comprised of adjusting one of the controllable functions of the vehicle accessories. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the action is comprised of providing an updated texture pattern for respective block icons according to a submenu page. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is adapted to detect a selection gesture comprised of a double tap of the finger on the coincident block icon. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is adapted to detect a selection gesture comprised of a swipe of the finger in a predetermined direction. 7. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a pressure-sensitive screen disposed across the touchscreen display for providing a pressure signal responsive to a pressure of a touch of the finger;
wherein the control circuit is adapted to detect a selection gesture is comprised of a predetermined increase of the pressure signal in response to the finger on the coincident block icon. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein the audio reproduction system is comprised of a speech generation system for generating the audio messages as predetermined text messages. 9. The system of claim 1 wherein the audio reproduction system is adapted to steer the audio messages to an occupant of the passenger seat. 10. The system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit further 1) compares the contact point of the finger with respective locations on a visible HMI when the oscillating signals associated with a detected touch of a finger correspond to the driver seat, and 2) initiating respective audio messages for the driver identifying the respective locations according to the comparison. 11. A method for touchscreen control of controllable features of accessories within an automotive vehicle using a touchscreen control which includes a touchscreen display for displaying a graphical HMI and detecting at least one contact point on the display established manually by touching by a finger of an occupant of one of a driver seat or a passenger seat, a haptic texture system having an electrode disposed across the touchscreen display and first and second signal generators generating first and second oscillating signals coupled to the driver and passenger seats, respectively, to produce a respective potential difference between the finger and the electrode resulting in a corresponding perceived texture as the finger slides over the touchscreen display, an audio reproduction system adapted to reproduce audio messages, and a control circuit coupled to the touchscreen display, haptic texture system, and audio reproduction system, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
monitoring finger contact on the touchscreen display; driving the signal generators; determining which of the oscillating signals is associated with a detected touch of a finger to identify a corresponding seat, wherein the control circuit has a passenger mode when the identified seat is the passenger seat, and wherein the passenger mode includes:
providing a texture pattern for a menu page comprising a plurality of block icons corresponding to the controllable features;
comparing the contact point of the finger with respective locations of the block icons;
when the contact point coincides with one of the block icons then initiating an audio message identifying the coincident block icon;
detecting whether a selection gesture is produced by the contacting finger; and
if the selection gesture is detected then initiating an action corresponding to the coincident block icon. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the action is comprised of adjusting one of the controllable features. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the action is comprised of providing an updated texture pattern for respective block icons according to a submenu page. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the selection gesture comprised of a double tap of the finger on the coincident block icon. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein the selection gesture comprised of a swipe of the finger in a predetermined direction. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the touchscreen control further includes a pressure-sensitive screen disposed across the touchscreen display for providing a pressure signal responsive to a pressure of a touch of the finger, and wherein the selection gesture is comprised of a predetermined increase of the pressure signal in response to the finger on the coincident block icon. 17. The method of claim 11 wherein the audio messages are comprised of predetermined text messages from a speech generation system. 18. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of initiating an audio message includes steering the audio messages to an occupant of the passenger seat. 19. The method of claim 11 further comprising the steps of:
comparing the contact point of the finger with respective locations on a visible HMI when the oscillating signals associated with a detected touch of a finger correspond to the driver seat; and
initiating respective audio messages for the driver identifying the respective locations according to the comparison. | Electrostatic friction textures on a touchscreen panel are used to create the sensation of block icons in a contextual menu adapted to an automotive environment. In particular, a center stack touchscreen friction display in a passenger vehicle provides one set of touch controls and HMI data to the driver while simultaneously providing either the same control options and HMI or a completely different set of information and menu structure to the passenger in invisible texture form. The invisible texture is in the form of block icons, and coincidence between a finger of a passenger and a block icon results in an audio announcement of the block icon to guide a visually impaired passenger through the contextual menu.1. A control system for a vehicle with a driver seat, a passenger seat, and a plurality of vehicle accessories having controllable functions, comprising:
a touchscreen display for displaying a graphical HMI and detecting at least one contact point on the display established manually by touching by a finger of an occupant of one of the seats; a haptic texture system having an electrode disposed across the touchscreen display and first and second signal generators generating first and second oscillating signals coupled to the driver and passenger seats, respectively, to produce a respective potential difference between the finger and the electrode resulting in a corresponding perceived texture as the finger slides over the touchscreen display; an audio reproduction system adapted to reproduce audio messages; and a control circuit determining which of the oscillating signals is associated with a detected touch of a finger to identify a corresponding seat, wherein the control circuit has a passenger mode when the identified seat is the passenger seat, wherein the passenger mode comprises 1) providing a texture pattern for a menu page comprising a plurality of block icons corresponding to the controllable functions, 2) comparing the contact point of the finger with respective locations of the block icons, 3) when the contact point coincides with one of the block icons then initiating an audio message identifying the coincident block icon, 4) detecting whether a selection gesture is produced by the contacting finger, and 5) if the selection gesture is detected then initiating an action corresponding to the coincident block icon. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the passenger mode is independent of the graphical HMI. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the action is comprised of adjusting one of the controllable functions of the vehicle accessories. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the action is comprised of providing an updated texture pattern for respective block icons according to a submenu page. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is adapted to detect a selection gesture comprised of a double tap of the finger on the coincident block icon. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit is adapted to detect a selection gesture comprised of a swipe of the finger in a predetermined direction. 7. The system of claim 1 further comprising:
a pressure-sensitive screen disposed across the touchscreen display for providing a pressure signal responsive to a pressure of a touch of the finger;
wherein the control circuit is adapted to detect a selection gesture is comprised of a predetermined increase of the pressure signal in response to the finger on the coincident block icon. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein the audio reproduction system is comprised of a speech generation system for generating the audio messages as predetermined text messages. 9. The system of claim 1 wherein the audio reproduction system is adapted to steer the audio messages to an occupant of the passenger seat. 10. The system of claim 1 wherein the control circuit further 1) compares the contact point of the finger with respective locations on a visible HMI when the oscillating signals associated with a detected touch of a finger correspond to the driver seat, and 2) initiating respective audio messages for the driver identifying the respective locations according to the comparison. 11. A method for touchscreen control of controllable features of accessories within an automotive vehicle using a touchscreen control which includes a touchscreen display for displaying a graphical HMI and detecting at least one contact point on the display established manually by touching by a finger of an occupant of one of a driver seat or a passenger seat, a haptic texture system having an electrode disposed across the touchscreen display and first and second signal generators generating first and second oscillating signals coupled to the driver and passenger seats, respectively, to produce a respective potential difference between the finger and the electrode resulting in a corresponding perceived texture as the finger slides over the touchscreen display, an audio reproduction system adapted to reproduce audio messages, and a control circuit coupled to the touchscreen display, haptic texture system, and audio reproduction system, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
monitoring finger contact on the touchscreen display; driving the signal generators; determining which of the oscillating signals is associated with a detected touch of a finger to identify a corresponding seat, wherein the control circuit has a passenger mode when the identified seat is the passenger seat, and wherein the passenger mode includes:
providing a texture pattern for a menu page comprising a plurality of block icons corresponding to the controllable features;
comparing the contact point of the finger with respective locations of the block icons;
when the contact point coincides with one of the block icons then initiating an audio message identifying the coincident block icon;
detecting whether a selection gesture is produced by the contacting finger; and
if the selection gesture is detected then initiating an action corresponding to the coincident block icon. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the action is comprised of adjusting one of the controllable features. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the action is comprised of providing an updated texture pattern for respective block icons according to a submenu page. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the selection gesture comprised of a double tap of the finger on the coincident block icon. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein the selection gesture comprised of a swipe of the finger in a predetermined direction. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the touchscreen control further includes a pressure-sensitive screen disposed across the touchscreen display for providing a pressure signal responsive to a pressure of a touch of the finger, and wherein the selection gesture is comprised of a predetermined increase of the pressure signal in response to the finger on the coincident block icon. 17. The method of claim 11 wherein the audio messages are comprised of predetermined text messages from a speech generation system. 18. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of initiating an audio message includes steering the audio messages to an occupant of the passenger seat. 19. The method of claim 11 further comprising the steps of:
comparing the contact point of the finger with respective locations on a visible HMI when the oscillating signals associated with a detected touch of a finger correspond to the driver seat; and
initiating respective audio messages for the driver identifying the respective locations according to the comparison. | 3,700 |
339,257 | 16,800,142 | 3,794 | Provided is a core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot, including an alloy type core consisting of Cd, Se, Zn, and S, and a shell layer having a sphalerite structure and being coated on the surface of the alloy core, wherein the element ratio of each of Zn and S accounts for 30 to 50% of the overall core, and the content of Cd and Se gradually decreases outward from the core center. Also provided is a method for preparing the core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot. By having the alloy core and the shell layer with a sphalerite structure, the core-shell type quantum dot can achieve quantum efficiency of 95%, and have high temperature resistance and excellent water- and oxygen-barrier performance | 1. A core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot, comprising:
an alloy core consisting of Cd, Se, Zn, and S and having an element ratio of Zn and S each accounting for 30% to 50% of the alloy core, with a content of Cd and Se gradually decreasing outward from a center of the alloy core; and a shell layer having a sphalerite structure and being coated on a surface of the alloy core. 2. The core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot of claim 1, which has a D90 particle size of from 12 to 15 nanometers, wherein the alloy core has a radius of 3 nanometers or less. 3. The core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot of claim 1, which has an appearance of a polygon with a plurality of corners. 4. The core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot of claim 1, wherein the shell layer consists of ZnS. 5. The core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot of claim 1, which has an element ratio of Cd and Se each accounting for 3% to 10% of the alloy core. 6. A method for preparing the core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot of claim 1, comprising:
providing a metal precursor solution containing a Cd metal precursor and a Zn metal precursor and activated by a reactive amine; mixing and reacting a first ion stock solution containing S ions and Se ions with the activated metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor and the Zn metal precursor to obtain a solution containing an alloy core; and adding a second ion stock solution containing S ions and a zinc salt to the solution containing the alloy core for an reaction of forming a shell layer coated on a surface of the alloy core. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the activated metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor and the Zn metal precursor is prepared by a process comprising activating the Cd metal precursor by the reactive amine and a reactive acid. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the process further comprises:
providing a metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor, wherein the Cd metal precursor is activated in the metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor by the reactive amine and the reactive acid; and adding the Zn metal precursor to the activated metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor to activate the Zn metal precursor at a temperature of from 300° C. to 320° C. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the process further comprises:
providing the metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor and the Zn metal precursor, wherein the Cd metal precursor is activated in the metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor and the Zn metal precursor by the reactive amine and the reactive acid; and heating the activated metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor and the Zn metal precursor to a temperature of from 300° C. to 320° C. to activate the Zn metal precursor. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the reactive acid is oleic acid. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the reactive amine and the reactive acid have a molar ratio of from 1:7 to 1:7.5. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the Cd metal precursor is activated at a temperature of from 300° C. to 320° C. 13. The method of claim 6, wherein the reactive amine is a primary amine 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the primary amine is oleylamine. 15. The method of claim 6, wherein the solution containing the alloy core is obtained at a reaction temperature of from 280° C. to 310° C. for 10 to 20 minutes. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein adding the second ion stock solution containing the S ions and the zinc salt further comprises:
adding the second ion stock solution containing the S ions to the solution containing the alloy core for 15 to 20 minutes; and adding the zinc salt to react for 20 to 30 minutes. 17. The method of claim 6, wherein the zinc salt is zinc oleate. 18. The method of claim 6, wherein the shell layer is formed at a reaction temperature of from 240° C. to 270° C. 19. The method of claim 6, wherein the reactive amine, the Cd metal precursor and the Zn metal precursor are in a molar ratio of from 3:0.14:5.9 to 3:1:5.9. 20. The method of claim 6, wherein the Cd metal precursor, the Zn metal precursor, the S ions and the Se ions are in a molar ratio of from 0.14:5.9:4.2:1.5 to 1:5.9:4.2:1.5. | Provided is a core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot, including an alloy type core consisting of Cd, Se, Zn, and S, and a shell layer having a sphalerite structure and being coated on the surface of the alloy core, wherein the element ratio of each of Zn and S accounts for 30 to 50% of the overall core, and the content of Cd and Se gradually decreases outward from the core center. Also provided is a method for preparing the core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot. By having the alloy core and the shell layer with a sphalerite structure, the core-shell type quantum dot can achieve quantum efficiency of 95%, and have high temperature resistance and excellent water- and oxygen-barrier performance1. A core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot, comprising:
an alloy core consisting of Cd, Se, Zn, and S and having an element ratio of Zn and S each accounting for 30% to 50% of the alloy core, with a content of Cd and Se gradually decreasing outward from a center of the alloy core; and a shell layer having a sphalerite structure and being coated on a surface of the alloy core. 2. The core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot of claim 1, which has a D90 particle size of from 12 to 15 nanometers, wherein the alloy core has a radius of 3 nanometers or less. 3. The core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot of claim 1, which has an appearance of a polygon with a plurality of corners. 4. The core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot of claim 1, wherein the shell layer consists of ZnS. 5. The core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot of claim 1, which has an element ratio of Cd and Se each accounting for 3% to 10% of the alloy core. 6. A method for preparing the core-shell type light-emitting quantum dot of claim 1, comprising:
providing a metal precursor solution containing a Cd metal precursor and a Zn metal precursor and activated by a reactive amine; mixing and reacting a first ion stock solution containing S ions and Se ions with the activated metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor and the Zn metal precursor to obtain a solution containing an alloy core; and adding a second ion stock solution containing S ions and a zinc salt to the solution containing the alloy core for an reaction of forming a shell layer coated on a surface of the alloy core. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the activated metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor and the Zn metal precursor is prepared by a process comprising activating the Cd metal precursor by the reactive amine and a reactive acid. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the process further comprises:
providing a metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor, wherein the Cd metal precursor is activated in the metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor by the reactive amine and the reactive acid; and adding the Zn metal precursor to the activated metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor to activate the Zn metal precursor at a temperature of from 300° C. to 320° C. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the process further comprises:
providing the metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor and the Zn metal precursor, wherein the Cd metal precursor is activated in the metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor and the Zn metal precursor by the reactive amine and the reactive acid; and heating the activated metal precursor solution containing the Cd metal precursor and the Zn metal precursor to a temperature of from 300° C. to 320° C. to activate the Zn metal precursor. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the reactive acid is oleic acid. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the reactive amine and the reactive acid have a molar ratio of from 1:7 to 1:7.5. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the Cd metal precursor is activated at a temperature of from 300° C. to 320° C. 13. The method of claim 6, wherein the reactive amine is a primary amine 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the primary amine is oleylamine. 15. The method of claim 6, wherein the solution containing the alloy core is obtained at a reaction temperature of from 280° C. to 310° C. for 10 to 20 minutes. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein adding the second ion stock solution containing the S ions and the zinc salt further comprises:
adding the second ion stock solution containing the S ions to the solution containing the alloy core for 15 to 20 minutes; and adding the zinc salt to react for 20 to 30 minutes. 17. The method of claim 6, wherein the zinc salt is zinc oleate. 18. The method of claim 6, wherein the shell layer is formed at a reaction temperature of from 240° C. to 270° C. 19. The method of claim 6, wherein the reactive amine, the Cd metal precursor and the Zn metal precursor are in a molar ratio of from 3:0.14:5.9 to 3:1:5.9. 20. The method of claim 6, wherein the Cd metal precursor, the Zn metal precursor, the S ions and the Se ions are in a molar ratio of from 0.14:5.9:4.2:1.5 to 1:5.9:4.2:1.5. | 3,700 |
339,258 | 16,800,163 | 2,819 | A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a logic circuit provided on the substrate, a wiring layer including a plurality of wirings that are provided above the logic circuit, a first insulating film below the wiring layer, a plug, and a second insulating film. Each of the wirings contains copper and extends along a surface plane of the substrate in a first direction. The wirings are arranged along the surface plane of the substrate in a second direction different from the first direction. The plug extends through the first insulating film in a third direction crossing the first and second directions and is electrically connected to one of the wirings. The plug contains tungsten. The second insulating film is provided between the first insulating film and the plug. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate; a logic circuit provided on the substrate; a wiring layer including a plurality of wirings that are provided above the logic circuit, each of the plurality of wirings containing copper and extending along a surface plane of the substrate in a first direction, the plurality of wirings being arranged along the surface plane of the substrate in a second direction different from the first direction; a first insulating film below the wiring layer; a plug extending through the first insulating film in a third direction crossing the first and second directions and electrically connected to one of the plurality of wirings, the plug containing tungsten; and a second insulating film provided between the first insulating film and the plug 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating film contains aluminum and oxygen. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating film contains silicon and oxygen. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating film is in direct contact with the one of the plurality of wirings. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating film is in direct contact with the inner wall of the opening. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating film is in direct contact with the plug. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the plug is in direct contact with the one of the plurality of wirings. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the plug includes:
a first layer containing tungsten that is in direct contact with the second insulating film, and a second layer that is in direct contact with an inner surface of the first layer in the opening. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein the first layer is in direct contact with the one of the plurality of wirings. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the plug extends into the layer including the plurality of wirings. 11. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a logic circuit chip including:
a first substrate; and
a logic circuit on the first substrate; and
a semiconductor memory array chip that is overlaid on and coupled to the logic circuit chip, and including:
a second substrate;
a wiring layer including a plurality of wirings that are on the second substrate, each of the plurality of wirings containing copper and extending along a surface plane of the second substrate in a first direction, and the plurality of wirings being arranged along the surface plane of the second substrate in a second direction different from the first direction;
a first insulating film below the wiring layer;
a plug extending through the first insulating film in a third direction crossing the first and second directions and electrically connected to one of the plurality of wirings, the plug containing tungsten; and
a second insulating film provided between the first insulating film and the plug, wherein
the logic circuit, the layer including the plurality of wirings, the first insulating film, the plug, and the second insulating film are between the first substrate and the second substrate. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 11, wherein the semiconductor memory array chip includes a semiconductor memory array between the second substrate and the layer including the plurality of wirings. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 11, wherein the second insulating film contains aluminum and oxygen. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 11, wherein the second insulating film contains silicon and oxygen. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 11, wherein at least a part of the plug extends into the layer including the plurality of wirings. 16. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a logic circuit on a first substrate; forming a layer including a plurality of wirings on a second substrate, such that each of the plurality of wirings extends along a surface plane of the second substrate in a first direction and that the plurality of wirings is arranged along the surface plane of the second substrate in a second direction different from the first direction, the each of the plurality of wirings containing copper; forming a first insulating film on the layer including the plurality of wirings; forming, in the first insulating film, an opening that extends along a depth direction of the second substrate in a third direction, at least partially on one of the plurality of wirings; forming a second insulating film in the opening; after the second insulating film is formed, forming a plug in the opening, such that the plug extends in the third direction in the opening and is electrically connected to the one of the plurality of wirings, the plug containing tungsten; and bonding a first side of the first substrate on which the logic circuit is formed and a second side of the second substrate on which the layer including the plurality of wirings, the first insulating film, the second insulating film, and the plug are formed. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the second insulating film contains aluminum and oxygen. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the second insulating film contains silicon and oxygen. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the second insulating film is formed on an inner wall of the opening such that a surface of the one of the plurality of wirings is exposed. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein said forming the second insulating film comprises:
forming the second insulating film on the inner wall of the opening and on the surface of the one of the plurality of wirings; and removing a part of the formed second insulating film such that the surface of the one of the plurality of wirings is exposed, wherein the plug is formed on the exposed surface of the one of the plurality of wirings. | A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a logic circuit provided on the substrate, a wiring layer including a plurality of wirings that are provided above the logic circuit, a first insulating film below the wiring layer, a plug, and a second insulating film. Each of the wirings contains copper and extends along a surface plane of the substrate in a first direction. The wirings are arranged along the surface plane of the substrate in a second direction different from the first direction. The plug extends through the first insulating film in a third direction crossing the first and second directions and is electrically connected to one of the wirings. The plug contains tungsten. The second insulating film is provided between the first insulating film and the plug.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate; a logic circuit provided on the substrate; a wiring layer including a plurality of wirings that are provided above the logic circuit, each of the plurality of wirings containing copper and extending along a surface plane of the substrate in a first direction, the plurality of wirings being arranged along the surface plane of the substrate in a second direction different from the first direction; a first insulating film below the wiring layer; a plug extending through the first insulating film in a third direction crossing the first and second directions and electrically connected to one of the plurality of wirings, the plug containing tungsten; and a second insulating film provided between the first insulating film and the plug 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating film contains aluminum and oxygen. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating film contains silicon and oxygen. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating film is in direct contact with the one of the plurality of wirings. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating film is in direct contact with the inner wall of the opening. 6. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating film is in direct contact with the plug. 7. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the plug is in direct contact with the one of the plurality of wirings. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the plug includes:
a first layer containing tungsten that is in direct contact with the second insulating film, and a second layer that is in direct contact with an inner surface of the first layer in the opening. 9. The semiconductor device according to claim 8, wherein the first layer is in direct contact with the one of the plurality of wirings. 10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the plug extends into the layer including the plurality of wirings. 11. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a logic circuit chip including:
a first substrate; and
a logic circuit on the first substrate; and
a semiconductor memory array chip that is overlaid on and coupled to the logic circuit chip, and including:
a second substrate;
a wiring layer including a plurality of wirings that are on the second substrate, each of the plurality of wirings containing copper and extending along a surface plane of the second substrate in a first direction, and the plurality of wirings being arranged along the surface plane of the second substrate in a second direction different from the first direction;
a first insulating film below the wiring layer;
a plug extending through the first insulating film in a third direction crossing the first and second directions and electrically connected to one of the plurality of wirings, the plug containing tungsten; and
a second insulating film provided between the first insulating film and the plug, wherein
the logic circuit, the layer including the plurality of wirings, the first insulating film, the plug, and the second insulating film are between the first substrate and the second substrate. 12. The semiconductor device according to claim 11, wherein the semiconductor memory array chip includes a semiconductor memory array between the second substrate and the layer including the plurality of wirings. 13. The semiconductor device according to claim 11, wherein the second insulating film contains aluminum and oxygen. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 11, wherein the second insulating film contains silicon and oxygen. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 11, wherein at least a part of the plug extends into the layer including the plurality of wirings. 16. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a logic circuit on a first substrate; forming a layer including a plurality of wirings on a second substrate, such that each of the plurality of wirings extends along a surface plane of the second substrate in a first direction and that the plurality of wirings is arranged along the surface plane of the second substrate in a second direction different from the first direction, the each of the plurality of wirings containing copper; forming a first insulating film on the layer including the plurality of wirings; forming, in the first insulating film, an opening that extends along a depth direction of the second substrate in a third direction, at least partially on one of the plurality of wirings; forming a second insulating film in the opening; after the second insulating film is formed, forming a plug in the opening, such that the plug extends in the third direction in the opening and is electrically connected to the one of the plurality of wirings, the plug containing tungsten; and bonding a first side of the first substrate on which the logic circuit is formed and a second side of the second substrate on which the layer including the plurality of wirings, the first insulating film, the second insulating film, and the plug are formed. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the second insulating film contains aluminum and oxygen. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the second insulating film contains silicon and oxygen. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the second insulating film is formed on an inner wall of the opening such that a surface of the one of the plurality of wirings is exposed. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein said forming the second insulating film comprises:
forming the second insulating film on the inner wall of the opening and on the surface of the one of the plurality of wirings; and removing a part of the formed second insulating film such that the surface of the one of the plurality of wirings is exposed, wherein the plug is formed on the exposed surface of the one of the plurality of wirings. | 2,800 |
339,259 | 16,800,176 | 2,819 | A toner composition including a first wax; a second wax that is different from the first wax; wherein the first wax comprises a paraffin wax; wherein the second wax comprises a polymethylene wax; at least one polyester; and an optional colorant. | 1. A toner composition comprising:
a first wax; a second wax that is different from the first wax; wherein the first wax comprises a paraffin wax; wherein the second wax comprises a polymethylene wax; at least one polyester; and an optional colorant; wherein the toner composition is free of styrene and free of acrylate. 2. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the toner composition comprises a total amount of wax including the first wax and the second wax in an amount of from about 9 to about 12 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the toner composition. 3. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the paraffin wax is present in an amount of from about 25 to about 75 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the paraffin wax and the polymethylene wax. 4. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the first wax comprises a paraffin wax having a peak melting point of from about 60 to about 80° C. 5. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the first wax is a paraffin wax having a carbon/oxygen ratio of greater than about 50. 6. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the first wax is a paraffin wax having a number-averaged molecular weight of from about 400 grams/mol to 600 grams/mol. 7. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the second wax is a polymethylene wax having a number-averaged molecular weight of from about 600 grams/mol to 800 grams/mol. 8. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one polyester comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester. 9. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one polyester comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester. 10. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the toner composition comprises amorphous polyester present in an amount of from about 73 to about 78 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the toner composition. 11. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one polyester comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester, and a crystalline polyester. 12. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the toner composition comprises crystalline polyester present in an amount of from about 6 to about 7 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the toner composition. 13. The toner composition of claim 1, further comprising a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises at least one amorphous polyester. 14. The toner composition of claim 1, further comprising a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester. 15. The toner composition of claim 1, further comprising a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises a first amorphous polyester comprising a poly(propoxylated bisphenol-co-terephthalate-fumarate-dodecenylsuccinate) and a second amorphous polyester comprising a poly(propoxylated-ethoxylated bisphenol-co-terephthalate-dodecenylsuccinate-trimellitic anhydride). 16. The toner composition of claim 1, further comprising a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises a crystalline polyester is of the formula 17. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the optional colorant is present and wherein the colorant is selected from cyan, magenta, yellow, black, or a combination thereof. 18. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the optional colorant is present and wherein the colorant comprises pigment present in an amount of from about 5 to about 8 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the toner composition. 19. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the optional colorant is present and wherein the colorant comprises a combination of carbon black and cyan. 20. The toner composition of claim 1, further comprising a core-shell configuration;
wherein the shell comprises a resin and wherein the shell resin comprises about 28 percent by weight of the toner composition based upon the total weight of the toner composition including core and shell. 21. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the second wax is a Fischer-Tropsch wax. | A toner composition including a first wax; a second wax that is different from the first wax; wherein the first wax comprises a paraffin wax; wherein the second wax comprises a polymethylene wax; at least one polyester; and an optional colorant.1. A toner composition comprising:
a first wax; a second wax that is different from the first wax; wherein the first wax comprises a paraffin wax; wherein the second wax comprises a polymethylene wax; at least one polyester; and an optional colorant; wherein the toner composition is free of styrene and free of acrylate. 2. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the toner composition comprises a total amount of wax including the first wax and the second wax in an amount of from about 9 to about 12 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the toner composition. 3. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the paraffin wax is present in an amount of from about 25 to about 75 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the paraffin wax and the polymethylene wax. 4. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the first wax comprises a paraffin wax having a peak melting point of from about 60 to about 80° C. 5. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the first wax is a paraffin wax having a carbon/oxygen ratio of greater than about 50. 6. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the first wax is a paraffin wax having a number-averaged molecular weight of from about 400 grams/mol to 600 grams/mol. 7. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the second wax is a polymethylene wax having a number-averaged molecular weight of from about 600 grams/mol to 800 grams/mol. 8. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one polyester comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester. 9. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one polyester comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester. 10. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the toner composition comprises amorphous polyester present in an amount of from about 73 to about 78 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the toner composition. 11. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one polyester comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester, and a crystalline polyester. 12. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the toner composition comprises crystalline polyester present in an amount of from about 6 to about 7 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the toner composition. 13. The toner composition of claim 1, further comprising a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises at least one amorphous polyester. 14. The toner composition of claim 1, further comprising a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester. 15. The toner composition of claim 1, further comprising a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises a first amorphous polyester comprising a poly(propoxylated bisphenol-co-terephthalate-fumarate-dodecenylsuccinate) and a second amorphous polyester comprising a poly(propoxylated-ethoxylated bisphenol-co-terephthalate-dodecenylsuccinate-trimellitic anhydride). 16. The toner composition of claim 1, further comprising a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises a crystalline polyester is of the formula 17. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the optional colorant is present and wherein the colorant is selected from cyan, magenta, yellow, black, or a combination thereof. 18. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the optional colorant is present and wherein the colorant comprises pigment present in an amount of from about 5 to about 8 percent by weight based upon the total weight of the toner composition. 19. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the optional colorant is present and wherein the colorant comprises a combination of carbon black and cyan. 20. The toner composition of claim 1, further comprising a core-shell configuration;
wherein the shell comprises a resin and wherein the shell resin comprises about 28 percent by weight of the toner composition based upon the total weight of the toner composition including core and shell. 21. The toner composition of claim 1, wherein the second wax is a Fischer-Tropsch wax. | 2,800 |
339,260 | 16,800,173 | 2,819 | A system is provided for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution. The system is configured to: insert a validator node to the distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with the decentralized nodes, verify resource transfers stored on the distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers; receive a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer; in response to receiving the request, generate, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer; determine, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and in response to the condition having been completed, execute the conditional resource transfer. | 1. A system for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution, the system comprising:
a memory device with computer-readable program code stored thereon; a communication device connected to a distributed trust computing network comprising decentralized nodes that store a distributed register; and a processing device, wherein the processing device is configured to execute the computer-readable program code to:
insert a validator node to the distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with the decentralized nodes, verify resource transfers stored on the distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers;
receive a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer;
in response to receiving the request, generate, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer;
determine, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and
in response to the condition having been completed, execute the conditional resource transfer. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the validator node is configured to generate the protocol in a platform language specific to the distributed trust computing network. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the distributed trust computing network is a permissioned network. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the protocol is a smart contract deployed on the distributed register stored on the distributed trust computing network. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the condition is a temporal condition, and wherein the validator node is configured to execute the conditional resource transfer after a predetermined amount of time. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein executing the conditional resource transfer comprises transferring a resource from the first storage location to the second storage location based on the condition having been completed, and wherein the validator node is further configured to store a portion of the resource until the condition has been completed. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein storing the portion of the resource further comprises maintaining a minimum resource amount in the first storage location, wherein the minimum resource amount is at least equal to the stored portion of the resource for completing the conditional resource transfer after the condition has been completed. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the condition is a first condition, wherein the conditional resource transfer further defines a second condition, and wherein the system modifies the conditional resource transfer based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein modifying the conditional resource transfer comprises returning the portion of the resource to the first storage location. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the validator node is further configured to cancel a transfer of the portion of the resource based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the second condition is associated with a failure of a product associated with the resource transfer, wherein the failure of the product before completion of the first condition triggers returning the portion of the resource to the first storage location. 12. A computer-implemented method for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution, the computer-implemented method comprising:
inserting a validator node to a distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with decentralized nodes on the distributed trust computing network, verify resource transfers stored on a distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers; receiving a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer; in response to receiving the request, generating, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer; determining, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and in response to the condition having been completed, executing the conditional resource transfer. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the validator node is configured to generate the protocol in a platform language specific to the distributed trust computing network. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the distributed trust computing network is a permissioned network. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the protocol is a smart contract deployed on the distributed register stored on the distributed trust computing network. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the condition is a temporal condition, and wherein the validator node is configured to execute the conditional resource transfer after a predetermined amount of time. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein executing the conditional resource transfer comprises transferring a resource from the first storage location to the second storage location based on the condition having been completed, and wherein the validator node is further configured to store a portion of the resource until the condition has been completed, wherein the condition is a first condition, wherein the conditional resource transfer further defines a second condition, and wherein the validator node modifies the conditional resource transfer based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. 18. A computer program product for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution, wherein the computer program product comprises a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-readable instructions, the computer-readable instructions, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
insert a validator node to a distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with decentralized nodes on the distributed trust computing network, verify resource transfers stored on a distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers; receive a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer; in response to receiving the request, generate, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer; determine, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and in response to the condition having been completed, execute the conditional resource transfer. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the validator node is configured to generate the protocol in a platform language specific to the distributed trust computing network. 20. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein executing the conditional resource transfer comprises transferring a resource from the first storage location to the second storage location based on the condition having been completed, and wherein the validator node is further configured to store a portion of the resource until the condition has been completed, wherein the condition is a first condition, wherein the conditional resource transfer further defines a second condition, and wherein the validator node modifies the conditional resource transfer based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. | A system is provided for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution. The system is configured to: insert a validator node to the distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with the decentralized nodes, verify resource transfers stored on the distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers; receive a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer; in response to receiving the request, generate, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer; determine, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and in response to the condition having been completed, execute the conditional resource transfer.1. A system for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution, the system comprising:
a memory device with computer-readable program code stored thereon; a communication device connected to a distributed trust computing network comprising decentralized nodes that store a distributed register; and a processing device, wherein the processing device is configured to execute the computer-readable program code to:
insert a validator node to the distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with the decentralized nodes, verify resource transfers stored on the distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers;
receive a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer;
in response to receiving the request, generate, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer;
determine, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and
in response to the condition having been completed, execute the conditional resource transfer. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the validator node is configured to generate the protocol in a platform language specific to the distributed trust computing network. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the distributed trust computing network is a permissioned network. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the protocol is a smart contract deployed on the distributed register stored on the distributed trust computing network. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the condition is a temporal condition, and wherein the validator node is configured to execute the conditional resource transfer after a predetermined amount of time. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein executing the conditional resource transfer comprises transferring a resource from the first storage location to the second storage location based on the condition having been completed, and wherein the validator node is further configured to store a portion of the resource until the condition has been completed. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein storing the portion of the resource further comprises maintaining a minimum resource amount in the first storage location, wherein the minimum resource amount is at least equal to the stored portion of the resource for completing the conditional resource transfer after the condition has been completed. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the condition is a first condition, wherein the conditional resource transfer further defines a second condition, and wherein the system modifies the conditional resource transfer based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein modifying the conditional resource transfer comprises returning the portion of the resource to the first storage location. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the validator node is further configured to cancel a transfer of the portion of the resource based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the second condition is associated with a failure of a product associated with the resource transfer, wherein the failure of the product before completion of the first condition triggers returning the portion of the resource to the first storage location. 12. A computer-implemented method for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution, the computer-implemented method comprising:
inserting a validator node to a distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with decentralized nodes on the distributed trust computing network, verify resource transfers stored on a distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers; receiving a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer; in response to receiving the request, generating, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer; determining, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and in response to the condition having been completed, executing the conditional resource transfer. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the validator node is configured to generate the protocol in a platform language specific to the distributed trust computing network. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the distributed trust computing network is a permissioned network. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the protocol is a smart contract deployed on the distributed register stored on the distributed trust computing network. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the condition is a temporal condition, and wherein the validator node is configured to execute the conditional resource transfer after a predetermined amount of time. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein executing the conditional resource transfer comprises transferring a resource from the first storage location to the second storage location based on the condition having been completed, and wherein the validator node is further configured to store a portion of the resource until the condition has been completed, wherein the condition is a first condition, wherein the conditional resource transfer further defines a second condition, and wherein the validator node modifies the conditional resource transfer based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. 18. A computer program product for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution, wherein the computer program product comprises a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-readable instructions, the computer-readable instructions, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
insert a validator node to a distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with decentralized nodes on the distributed trust computing network, verify resource transfers stored on a distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers; receive a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer; in response to receiving the request, generate, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer; determine, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and in response to the condition having been completed, execute the conditional resource transfer. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the validator node is configured to generate the protocol in a platform language specific to the distributed trust computing network. 20. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein executing the conditional resource transfer comprises transferring a resource from the first storage location to the second storage location based on the condition having been completed, and wherein the validator node is further configured to store a portion of the resource until the condition has been completed, wherein the condition is a first condition, wherein the conditional resource transfer further defines a second condition, and wherein the validator node modifies the conditional resource transfer based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. | 2,800 |
339,261 | 16,800,165 | 2,819 | A system is provided for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution. The system is configured to: insert a validator node to the distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with the decentralized nodes, verify resource transfers stored on the distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers; receive a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer; in response to receiving the request, generate, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer; determine, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and in response to the condition having been completed, execute the conditional resource transfer. | 1. A system for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution, the system comprising:
a memory device with computer-readable program code stored thereon; a communication device connected to a distributed trust computing network comprising decentralized nodes that store a distributed register; and a processing device, wherein the processing device is configured to execute the computer-readable program code to:
insert a validator node to the distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with the decentralized nodes, verify resource transfers stored on the distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers;
receive a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer;
in response to receiving the request, generate, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer;
determine, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and
in response to the condition having been completed, execute the conditional resource transfer. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the validator node is configured to generate the protocol in a platform language specific to the distributed trust computing network. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the distributed trust computing network is a permissioned network. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the protocol is a smart contract deployed on the distributed register stored on the distributed trust computing network. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the condition is a temporal condition, and wherein the validator node is configured to execute the conditional resource transfer after a predetermined amount of time. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein executing the conditional resource transfer comprises transferring a resource from the first storage location to the second storage location based on the condition having been completed, and wherein the validator node is further configured to store a portion of the resource until the condition has been completed. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein storing the portion of the resource further comprises maintaining a minimum resource amount in the first storage location, wherein the minimum resource amount is at least equal to the stored portion of the resource for completing the conditional resource transfer after the condition has been completed. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the condition is a first condition, wherein the conditional resource transfer further defines a second condition, and wherein the system modifies the conditional resource transfer based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein modifying the conditional resource transfer comprises returning the portion of the resource to the first storage location. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the validator node is further configured to cancel a transfer of the portion of the resource based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the second condition is associated with a failure of a product associated with the resource transfer, wherein the failure of the product before completion of the first condition triggers returning the portion of the resource to the first storage location. 12. A computer-implemented method for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution, the computer-implemented method comprising:
inserting a validator node to a distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with decentralized nodes on the distributed trust computing network, verify resource transfers stored on a distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers; receiving a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer; in response to receiving the request, generating, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer; determining, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and in response to the condition having been completed, executing the conditional resource transfer. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the validator node is configured to generate the protocol in a platform language specific to the distributed trust computing network. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the distributed trust computing network is a permissioned network. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the protocol is a smart contract deployed on the distributed register stored on the distributed trust computing network. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the condition is a temporal condition, and wherein the validator node is configured to execute the conditional resource transfer after a predetermined amount of time. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein executing the conditional resource transfer comprises transferring a resource from the first storage location to the second storage location based on the condition having been completed, and wherein the validator node is further configured to store a portion of the resource until the condition has been completed, wherein the condition is a first condition, wherein the conditional resource transfer further defines a second condition, and wherein the validator node modifies the conditional resource transfer based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. 18. A computer program product for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution, wherein the computer program product comprises a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-readable instructions, the computer-readable instructions, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
insert a validator node to a distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with decentralized nodes on the distributed trust computing network, verify resource transfers stored on a distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers; receive a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer; in response to receiving the request, generate, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer; determine, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and in response to the condition having been completed, execute the conditional resource transfer. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the validator node is configured to generate the protocol in a platform language specific to the distributed trust computing network. 20. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein executing the conditional resource transfer comprises transferring a resource from the first storage location to the second storage location based on the condition having been completed, and wherein the validator node is further configured to store a portion of the resource until the condition has been completed, wherein the condition is a first condition, wherein the conditional resource transfer further defines a second condition, and wherein the validator node modifies the conditional resource transfer based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. | A system is provided for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution. The system is configured to: insert a validator node to the distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with the decentralized nodes, verify resource transfers stored on the distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers; receive a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer; in response to receiving the request, generate, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer; determine, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and in response to the condition having been completed, execute the conditional resource transfer.1. A system for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution, the system comprising:
a memory device with computer-readable program code stored thereon; a communication device connected to a distributed trust computing network comprising decentralized nodes that store a distributed register; and a processing device, wherein the processing device is configured to execute the computer-readable program code to:
insert a validator node to the distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with the decentralized nodes, verify resource transfers stored on the distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers;
receive a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer;
in response to receiving the request, generate, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer;
determine, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and
in response to the condition having been completed, execute the conditional resource transfer. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the validator node is configured to generate the protocol in a platform language specific to the distributed trust computing network. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the distributed trust computing network is a permissioned network. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the protocol is a smart contract deployed on the distributed register stored on the distributed trust computing network. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the condition is a temporal condition, and wherein the validator node is configured to execute the conditional resource transfer after a predetermined amount of time. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein executing the conditional resource transfer comprises transferring a resource from the first storage location to the second storage location based on the condition having been completed, and wherein the validator node is further configured to store a portion of the resource until the condition has been completed. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein storing the portion of the resource further comprises maintaining a minimum resource amount in the first storage location, wherein the minimum resource amount is at least equal to the stored portion of the resource for completing the conditional resource transfer after the condition has been completed. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the condition is a first condition, wherein the conditional resource transfer further defines a second condition, and wherein the system modifies the conditional resource transfer based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein modifying the conditional resource transfer comprises returning the portion of the resource to the first storage location. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the validator node is further configured to cancel a transfer of the portion of the resource based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the second condition is associated with a failure of a product associated with the resource transfer, wherein the failure of the product before completion of the first condition triggers returning the portion of the resource to the first storage location. 12. A computer-implemented method for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution, the computer-implemented method comprising:
inserting a validator node to a distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with decentralized nodes on the distributed trust computing network, verify resource transfers stored on a distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers; receiving a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer; in response to receiving the request, generating, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer; determining, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and in response to the condition having been completed, executing the conditional resource transfer. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the validator node is configured to generate the protocol in a platform language specific to the distributed trust computing network. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the distributed trust computing network is a permissioned network. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the protocol is a smart contract deployed on the distributed register stored on the distributed trust computing network. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the condition is a temporal condition, and wherein the validator node is configured to execute the conditional resource transfer after a predetermined amount of time. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein executing the conditional resource transfer comprises transferring a resource from the first storage location to the second storage location based on the condition having been completed, and wherein the validator node is further configured to store a portion of the resource until the condition has been completed, wherein the condition is a first condition, wherein the conditional resource transfer further defines a second condition, and wherein the validator node modifies the conditional resource transfer based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. 18. A computer program product for generating protocols for conditional resource distribution, wherein the computer program product comprises a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-readable instructions, the computer-readable instructions, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
insert a validator node to a distributed trust computing network, the validator node being configured to execute and, with decentralized nodes on the distributed trust computing network, verify resource transfers stored on a distributed register, the validator node being further configured to generate protocols for monitoring and executing conditional resource transfers; receive a request for a conditional resource transfer between a first storage location and a second storage location, the conditional resource transfer defining a condition for triggering the conditional resource transfer; in response to receiving the request, generate, via the validator node, a protocol for monitoring and executing the conditional resource transfer; determine, via the validator node, that the condition has been completed; and in response to the condition having been completed, execute the conditional resource transfer. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the validator node is configured to generate the protocol in a platform language specific to the distributed trust computing network. 20. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein executing the conditional resource transfer comprises transferring a resource from the first storage location to the second storage location based on the condition having been completed, and wherein the validator node is further configured to store a portion of the resource until the condition has been completed, wherein the condition is a first condition, wherein the conditional resource transfer further defines a second condition, and wherein the validator node modifies the conditional resource transfer based on the second condition being completed before the first condition. | 2,800 |
339,262 | 16,800,172 | 2,819 | Disclosed is a sample analyzer including a storage section configured to store a plurality of containers for containing a sample, and including a discharge port through which the container is discharged; a production lot information acquisition unit that acquires production lot information on a production lot of the container; an analysis processing unit that performs analysis processing of the sample contained in the container discharged through the discharge port; a recorder that records the production lot information, an analysis result of the sample contained in the container, and time information related to time of analyzing the sample; and a display information generation unit that generates, based on information recorded in the recorder, display information for displaying at least one analysis result of at least one sample analyzed during a period of time on a display unit in a manner that associates the at least one analysis result with the production lot information. | 1. A sample analyzer comprising:
a storage section configured to store a plurality of containers for containing a sample, and comprising a discharge port through which the container is discharged; a production lot information acquisition unit that acquires production lot information on a production lot of the container; an analysis processing unit that performs analysis processing of the sample contained in the container discharged through the discharge port; a recorder that records the production lot information, an analysis result of the sample contained in the container, and time information related to time of analyzing the sample; and a display information generation unit that generates, based on information recorded in the recorder, display information for displaying at least one analysis result of at least one sample analyzed during a period of time on a display unit in a manner that associates the at least one analysis result with the production lot information. 2. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the display information generation unit generates the display information for displaying the production lot information on the display unit in a predetermined display manner. 3. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the display information generation unit generates first display information for displaying first production lot information on the container already stored in the storage section on the display unit, and when second production lot information on a container newly supplied to the storage section is acquired, the display information generation unit generates second display information for displaying the second production lot information on the display unit. 4. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the display information generation unit generates display information for displaying production lot information on a container newly supplied to the storage section on the display unit, when a predetermined amount of containers already stored in the storage section are discharged from the storage section or a predetermined period of time elapses after the production lot information on the container newly supplied to the storage section is acquired. 5. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the display information generation unit generates information for prompting supplying of the container when an amount of the containers stored in the storage section decreases to or below a set amount. 6. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor that is disposed at a predetermined height from a bottom part of the storage section and is configured to detect the container stored in the storage section, wherein
the display information generation unit generates information for prompting supplying of the container based on a detection result by the sensor. 7. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor that is disposed at the discharge port and is configured to detect the container discharged through the discharge port, wherein
the display information generation unit generates information for prompting supplying of the container based on a detection result by the sensor. 8. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor that is disposed at a predetermined height from a bottom part of the storage section and is configured to detect the container stored in the storage section; a second sensor that is disposed at the discharge port and is configured to detect the container discharged through the discharge port; and a calculation unit that calculates an amount of the containers discharged through the discharge port after the containers are no longer detected by the first sensor based on a detection result by the second sensor. 9. The sample analyzer according to claim 8, wherein when production lot information on a container newly supplied to the storage section is acquired after start of calculating the amount of the containers, the calculation unit resets the calculated amount of the containers. 10. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, further comprising a reader configured to read a code attached to a container box or a bag containing the containers, wherein
the production lot information acquisition unit acquires the production lot information included in the code read by the reader. 11. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the production lot information includes at least a production lot number of the container. 12. A sample analysis method comprising:
acquiring production lot information on a production lot of a container for containing a sample; analyzing the sample using the container discharged through a discharge port provided to a storage section configured to store the container; recording the production lot information, an analysis result of the sample contained in the container, and time information related to time of analyzing the sample; and generating, based on the recorded information, display information for displaying at least one analysis result of at least one sample analyzed during a predetermined period of time on a display unit in a manner that associates the at least one analysis result with the production lot information. 13. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, wherein
generating the display information comprises generating the display information for displaying the production lot information on the display unit in a predetermined display manner. 14. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, wherein generating the display information comprises:
generating first display information for displaying first production lot information on the container already stored in the storage section on the display unit; and when second production lot information on a container newly supplied to the storage section is acquired, generating second display information for displaying the second production lot information on the display unit. 15. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, wherein generating the display information comprises generating display information for displaying production lot information on a container newly supplied to the storage section on the display unit, when a predetermined amount of containers already stored in the storage section are discharged from the storage section or a predetermined period of time elapses after the production lot information on the container newly supplied to the storage section is acquired. 16. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, wherein generating the display information comprises generating information for prompting supplying of the container when an amount of the containers stored in the storage section decreases to or below a set amount. 17. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, wherein generating the display information comprises generating information for prompting supplying of the container based on a detection result of the container by a sensor that is disposed at a predetermined height from a bottom part of the storage section. 18. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, wherein generating the display information comprises generating information for prompting supplying of the container when it is determined that a predetermined amount or more of the containers are discharged through the discharge port, based on a detection result by a sensor that is disposed at the discharge port. 19. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, further comprising calculating an amount of the containers discharged through the discharge port based on a detection result by a first sensor that is disposed at the discharge port, wherein
calculating the amount of the containers comprises calculating the amount of the containers discharged through the discharge port after the containers are no longer detected by a second sensor that is disposed at a predetermined height from a bottom part of the storage section. 20. The sample analysis method according to claim 19, wherein calculating the amount of the containers comprises resetting the calculated amount of the containers, when production lot information on a container newly supplied to the storage section is acquired after start of calculating the amount of the containers. | Disclosed is a sample analyzer including a storage section configured to store a plurality of containers for containing a sample, and including a discharge port through which the container is discharged; a production lot information acquisition unit that acquires production lot information on a production lot of the container; an analysis processing unit that performs analysis processing of the sample contained in the container discharged through the discharge port; a recorder that records the production lot information, an analysis result of the sample contained in the container, and time information related to time of analyzing the sample; and a display information generation unit that generates, based on information recorded in the recorder, display information for displaying at least one analysis result of at least one sample analyzed during a period of time on a display unit in a manner that associates the at least one analysis result with the production lot information.1. A sample analyzer comprising:
a storage section configured to store a plurality of containers for containing a sample, and comprising a discharge port through which the container is discharged; a production lot information acquisition unit that acquires production lot information on a production lot of the container; an analysis processing unit that performs analysis processing of the sample contained in the container discharged through the discharge port; a recorder that records the production lot information, an analysis result of the sample contained in the container, and time information related to time of analyzing the sample; and a display information generation unit that generates, based on information recorded in the recorder, display information for displaying at least one analysis result of at least one sample analyzed during a period of time on a display unit in a manner that associates the at least one analysis result with the production lot information. 2. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the display information generation unit generates the display information for displaying the production lot information on the display unit in a predetermined display manner. 3. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the display information generation unit generates first display information for displaying first production lot information on the container already stored in the storage section on the display unit, and when second production lot information on a container newly supplied to the storage section is acquired, the display information generation unit generates second display information for displaying the second production lot information on the display unit. 4. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the display information generation unit generates display information for displaying production lot information on a container newly supplied to the storage section on the display unit, when a predetermined amount of containers already stored in the storage section are discharged from the storage section or a predetermined period of time elapses after the production lot information on the container newly supplied to the storage section is acquired. 5. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the display information generation unit generates information for prompting supplying of the container when an amount of the containers stored in the storage section decreases to or below a set amount. 6. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor that is disposed at a predetermined height from a bottom part of the storage section and is configured to detect the container stored in the storage section, wherein
the display information generation unit generates information for prompting supplying of the container based on a detection result by the sensor. 7. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor that is disposed at the discharge port and is configured to detect the container discharged through the discharge port, wherein
the display information generation unit generates information for prompting supplying of the container based on a detection result by the sensor. 8. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first sensor that is disposed at a predetermined height from a bottom part of the storage section and is configured to detect the container stored in the storage section; a second sensor that is disposed at the discharge port and is configured to detect the container discharged through the discharge port; and a calculation unit that calculates an amount of the containers discharged through the discharge port after the containers are no longer detected by the first sensor based on a detection result by the second sensor. 9. The sample analyzer according to claim 8, wherein when production lot information on a container newly supplied to the storage section is acquired after start of calculating the amount of the containers, the calculation unit resets the calculated amount of the containers. 10. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, further comprising a reader configured to read a code attached to a container box or a bag containing the containers, wherein
the production lot information acquisition unit acquires the production lot information included in the code read by the reader. 11. The sample analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the production lot information includes at least a production lot number of the container. 12. A sample analysis method comprising:
acquiring production lot information on a production lot of a container for containing a sample; analyzing the sample using the container discharged through a discharge port provided to a storage section configured to store the container; recording the production lot information, an analysis result of the sample contained in the container, and time information related to time of analyzing the sample; and generating, based on the recorded information, display information for displaying at least one analysis result of at least one sample analyzed during a predetermined period of time on a display unit in a manner that associates the at least one analysis result with the production lot information. 13. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, wherein
generating the display information comprises generating the display information for displaying the production lot information on the display unit in a predetermined display manner. 14. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, wherein generating the display information comprises:
generating first display information for displaying first production lot information on the container already stored in the storage section on the display unit; and when second production lot information on a container newly supplied to the storage section is acquired, generating second display information for displaying the second production lot information on the display unit. 15. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, wherein generating the display information comprises generating display information for displaying production lot information on a container newly supplied to the storage section on the display unit, when a predetermined amount of containers already stored in the storage section are discharged from the storage section or a predetermined period of time elapses after the production lot information on the container newly supplied to the storage section is acquired. 16. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, wherein generating the display information comprises generating information for prompting supplying of the container when an amount of the containers stored in the storage section decreases to or below a set amount. 17. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, wherein generating the display information comprises generating information for prompting supplying of the container based on a detection result of the container by a sensor that is disposed at a predetermined height from a bottom part of the storage section. 18. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, wherein generating the display information comprises generating information for prompting supplying of the container when it is determined that a predetermined amount or more of the containers are discharged through the discharge port, based on a detection result by a sensor that is disposed at the discharge port. 19. The sample analysis method according to claim 12, further comprising calculating an amount of the containers discharged through the discharge port based on a detection result by a first sensor that is disposed at the discharge port, wherein
calculating the amount of the containers comprises calculating the amount of the containers discharged through the discharge port after the containers are no longer detected by a second sensor that is disposed at a predetermined height from a bottom part of the storage section. 20. The sample analysis method according to claim 19, wherein calculating the amount of the containers comprises resetting the calculated amount of the containers, when production lot information on a container newly supplied to the storage section is acquired after start of calculating the amount of the containers. | 2,800 |
339,263 | 16,800,152 | 1,629 | The present disclosure relates generally to compositions and methods for treating, preventing, or slowing the rate of development of a disease or condition mediated by a nonsense mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (Bmpr2) in a subject in need thereof. The method entails administering to the subject a compound of the present disclosure, such as GJ103 and a salt thereof. | 1. A method for treating, preventing, or slowing the rate of development of a disease or condition mediated by a nonsense mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (Bmpr2) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a compound of Formula I, II or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula Ia, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof: 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is of formula: 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the compound is 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising to the subject an effective amount of a drug selected from the group consisting of ambrisentan, bocentan, macitentan, riociguat, selexipag, sildenafil, tadalafil, treprostinil, Iloprost tromethamine, treprostinil, epopostenol sodium, treprostinil and combinations thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising to the subject an effective amount of a nonsense-mediated decay inhibitor (NMDI). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonsense mutation decreases or eliminates the expression and activity of Bmpr2. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonsense mutation is selected from the group consisting of R584X, R321X, R899X and combinations thereof. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonsense mutation is R584X. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonsense mutation is R321X. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonsense mutation is R899X. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition is pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition is pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD). 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration is oral. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration is by injection. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration is by inhalation. | The present disclosure relates generally to compositions and methods for treating, preventing, or slowing the rate of development of a disease or condition mediated by a nonsense mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (Bmpr2) in a subject in need thereof. The method entails administering to the subject a compound of the present disclosure, such as GJ103 and a salt thereof.1. A method for treating, preventing, or slowing the rate of development of a disease or condition mediated by a nonsense mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (Bmpr2) in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a compound of Formula I, II or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula Ia, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isotopically enriched analog, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof: 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is of formula: 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the compound is 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising to the subject an effective amount of a drug selected from the group consisting of ambrisentan, bocentan, macitentan, riociguat, selexipag, sildenafil, tadalafil, treprostinil, Iloprost tromethamine, treprostinil, epopostenol sodium, treprostinil and combinations thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising to the subject an effective amount of a nonsense-mediated decay inhibitor (NMDI). 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonsense mutation decreases or eliminates the expression and activity of Bmpr2. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonsense mutation is selected from the group consisting of R584X, R321X, R899X and combinations thereof. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonsense mutation is R584X. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonsense mutation is R321X. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonsense mutation is R899X. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition is pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition is pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD). 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration is oral. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration is by injection. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the administration is by inhalation. | 1,600 |
339,264 | 16,800,159 | 1,629 | Techniques are disclosed for adjusting a ranking of information content presented to a user based on voice-of-customer feedback. In one embodiment, a user may provide feedback on information content presented to the user. Such feedback may be evaluated to identify at least one topic referenced in the received feedback. If an application determines that the at least one topic is related to topics of the information content, the application determines sentiment regarding the information content based on the feedback, and adjusts a ranking of the information content based on the determined sentiment. | 1. A computer-implemented method for adjusting a ranking of information content of a software application presented to a user based on voice-of-customer feedback, comprising:
receiving feedback regarding a content item presented to a user; identifying, based on a probabilistic topic model generated from a content repository associated with the software application, a plurality of topics referenced in unstructured text content included in the feedback, wherein the content item is selected from the content repository; determining, based on the probabilistic topic model, the unstructured text content is related to a quality of the content item by separating each of the plurality of topics in the unstructured text content using metadata associated with each identified topic of the plurality of topics; applying a first weight to each topic related to the quality of the content item; applying a second weight to each topic not related to the quality of the content item; ranking the content item based on the first weight and the second weight; and presenting on a user interface of another user a selection of search results that include the content item, wherein a position of the content item within the selection of search results is based on the ranking of the content item. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising evaluating structured feedback providing an indication of an experience of the user relative to the content item. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein ranking the content item is based further on the structured feedback. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the structured feedback comprises either an up vote or a down vote or a star rating that indicates whether the user approves or disapproves of the content item. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the unstructured text content is evaluated using natural language processing. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
evaluating feedback from a plurality of other users regarding content items associated with a first topic of the plurality of topics referenced in the unstructured text content; identifying the first topic of the plurality of topics as a trending topic based on the feedback from the plurality of other users; selecting content items regarding the trending topic; and presenting the selected content items regarding the trending topic to users. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the probabilistic topic model is a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model or a correlated topics model (CTM). 8. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory comprising instructions that, when executed on the one or more processors, cause the system to perform a method for adjusting a ranking of information content of a software application presented to a user based on voice-of-customer feedback, the method comprising:
receiving feedback regarding a content item presented to a user;
identifying, based on a probabilistic topic model generated from a content repository associated with the software application, a plurality of topics referenced in unstructured text content included in the feedback, wherein the content item is selected from the content repository;
determining, based on the probabilistic topic model, the unstructured text content is related to a quality of the content item by separating each of the plurality of topics in the unstructured text content using metadata associated with each identified topic of the plurality of topics;
applying a first weight to each topic related to the quality of the content item;
applying a second weight to each topic not related to the quality of the content item; and
ranking the content item based on the first weight and the second weight; and
presenting on a user interface of another user a selection of search results that include the content item, wherein a position of the content item within the selection of search results is based on the ranking of the content item. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises evaluating structured feedback providing an indication of an experience of the user relative to the content item. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein ranking the content item is based further on the structured feedback. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the structured feedback comprises either an up vote or a down vote or a star rating that indicates whether the user approves or disapproves of the content item. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the unstructured text content is evaluated using natural language processing. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
evaluating feedback from a plurality of other users regarding content items associated with a first topic of the plurality of topics referenced in the unstructured text content; identifying the first topic of the plurality of topics as a trending topic based on the feedback from the plurality of other users; selecting content items regarding the trending topic; and presenting the selected content items regarding the trending topic to users. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the probabilistic topic model is a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model or a correlated topics model (CTM). 15. A computer-implemented method for adjusting a ranking of information content of a software application presented to a user based on voice-of-customer feedback, comprising:
receiving feedback comprising a comment, a review, or a survey regarding a content item presented to a user; identifying, based on a probabilistic topic model generated from a content repository associated with the software application, a plurality of topics referenced in unstructured text content included in the feedback, wherein the content item is selected from the content repository; determining, based on the probabilistic topic model, the unstructured text content is related to a quality of the content item by separating each of the plurality of topics in the unstructured text content using metadata associated with each identified topic of the plurality of topics; applying a first weight to each topic related to the quality of the content item; applying a second weight to each topic not related to the quality of the content item; ranking the content item based on the first weight and the second weight; and presenting on a user interface of another user a selection of search results that include the content item, wherein a position of the content item within the selection of search results is based on the ranking of the content item. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, further comprising evaluating structured feedback providing an indication of an experience of the user relative to the content item. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 16, wherein ranking the content item is based further on the structured feedback. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 16, wherein the structured feedback comprises either an up vote or a down vote or a star rating that indicates whether the user approves or disapproves of the content item. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein the unstructured text content is evaluated using natural language processing. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, further comprising:
evaluating feedback from a plurality of other users regarding content items associated with a first topic of the plurality of topics referenced in the unstructured text content; identifying the first topic of the plurality of topics as a trending topic based on the feedback from the plurality of other users; selecting content items regarding the trending topic; and presenting the selected content items regarding the trending topic to users. | Techniques are disclosed for adjusting a ranking of information content presented to a user based on voice-of-customer feedback. In one embodiment, a user may provide feedback on information content presented to the user. Such feedback may be evaluated to identify at least one topic referenced in the received feedback. If an application determines that the at least one topic is related to topics of the information content, the application determines sentiment regarding the information content based on the feedback, and adjusts a ranking of the information content based on the determined sentiment.1. A computer-implemented method for adjusting a ranking of information content of a software application presented to a user based on voice-of-customer feedback, comprising:
receiving feedback regarding a content item presented to a user; identifying, based on a probabilistic topic model generated from a content repository associated with the software application, a plurality of topics referenced in unstructured text content included in the feedback, wherein the content item is selected from the content repository; determining, based on the probabilistic topic model, the unstructured text content is related to a quality of the content item by separating each of the plurality of topics in the unstructured text content using metadata associated with each identified topic of the plurality of topics; applying a first weight to each topic related to the quality of the content item; applying a second weight to each topic not related to the quality of the content item; ranking the content item based on the first weight and the second weight; and presenting on a user interface of another user a selection of search results that include the content item, wherein a position of the content item within the selection of search results is based on the ranking of the content item. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising evaluating structured feedback providing an indication of an experience of the user relative to the content item. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein ranking the content item is based further on the structured feedback. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the structured feedback comprises either an up vote or a down vote or a star rating that indicates whether the user approves or disapproves of the content item. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the unstructured text content is evaluated using natural language processing. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
evaluating feedback from a plurality of other users regarding content items associated with a first topic of the plurality of topics referenced in the unstructured text content; identifying the first topic of the plurality of topics as a trending topic based on the feedback from the plurality of other users; selecting content items regarding the trending topic; and presenting the selected content items regarding the trending topic to users. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the probabilistic topic model is a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model or a correlated topics model (CTM). 8. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory comprising instructions that, when executed on the one or more processors, cause the system to perform a method for adjusting a ranking of information content of a software application presented to a user based on voice-of-customer feedback, the method comprising:
receiving feedback regarding a content item presented to a user;
identifying, based on a probabilistic topic model generated from a content repository associated with the software application, a plurality of topics referenced in unstructured text content included in the feedback, wherein the content item is selected from the content repository;
determining, based on the probabilistic topic model, the unstructured text content is related to a quality of the content item by separating each of the plurality of topics in the unstructured text content using metadata associated with each identified topic of the plurality of topics;
applying a first weight to each topic related to the quality of the content item;
applying a second weight to each topic not related to the quality of the content item; and
ranking the content item based on the first weight and the second weight; and
presenting on a user interface of another user a selection of search results that include the content item, wherein a position of the content item within the selection of search results is based on the ranking of the content item. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises evaluating structured feedback providing an indication of an experience of the user relative to the content item. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein ranking the content item is based further on the structured feedback. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the structured feedback comprises either an up vote or a down vote or a star rating that indicates whether the user approves or disapproves of the content item. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the unstructured text content is evaluated using natural language processing. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
evaluating feedback from a plurality of other users regarding content items associated with a first topic of the plurality of topics referenced in the unstructured text content; identifying the first topic of the plurality of topics as a trending topic based on the feedback from the plurality of other users; selecting content items regarding the trending topic; and presenting the selected content items regarding the trending topic to users. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the probabilistic topic model is a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model or a correlated topics model (CTM). 15. A computer-implemented method for adjusting a ranking of information content of a software application presented to a user based on voice-of-customer feedback, comprising:
receiving feedback comprising a comment, a review, or a survey regarding a content item presented to a user; identifying, based on a probabilistic topic model generated from a content repository associated with the software application, a plurality of topics referenced in unstructured text content included in the feedback, wherein the content item is selected from the content repository; determining, based on the probabilistic topic model, the unstructured text content is related to a quality of the content item by separating each of the plurality of topics in the unstructured text content using metadata associated with each identified topic of the plurality of topics; applying a first weight to each topic related to the quality of the content item; applying a second weight to each topic not related to the quality of the content item; ranking the content item based on the first weight and the second weight; and presenting on a user interface of another user a selection of search results that include the content item, wherein a position of the content item within the selection of search results is based on the ranking of the content item. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, further comprising evaluating structured feedback providing an indication of an experience of the user relative to the content item. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 16, wherein ranking the content item is based further on the structured feedback. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 16, wherein the structured feedback comprises either an up vote or a down vote or a star rating that indicates whether the user approves or disapproves of the content item. 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein the unstructured text content is evaluated using natural language processing. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, further comprising:
evaluating feedback from a plurality of other users regarding content items associated with a first topic of the plurality of topics referenced in the unstructured text content; identifying the first topic of the plurality of topics as a trending topic based on the feedback from the plurality of other users; selecting content items regarding the trending topic; and presenting the selected content items regarding the trending topic to users. | 1,600 |
339,265 | 16,800,155 | 2,876 | A managing computing device positioned in an ATM can receive a dispense request for an amount of currency and account information from a user. A controller of a currency dispenser can generate a first number. The first number, the dispense request, and the account information can be sent to a remote, host computing device that shares a secret key with the controller. The host device can generate a first message authentication code (MAC) based on at least one of the first number and the amount of currency and can send it to the controller. The controller can generate a second MAC based on at least one of the first number and the amount of currency, confirm identity between the first and second MACs, and control the currency dispenser to dispense the amount of currency to the user. | 1. A method of dispensing currency from an automated transaction machine (ATM) comprising:
receiving, with a managing computing device positioned in the ATM, a dispense request and account information from a user, the dispense request including an amount of currency to be dispensed from a currency dispenser positioned in the ATM; generating, with a controller of the currency dispenser, a first number and storing the first number in a memory communicating with the controller; receiving the first number at a host computing device that is physically remote from the ATM; receiving, at the host computing device, the dispense request and the account information; generating, with the host computing device, a first message authentication code by applying a signing algorithm to at least one of the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed, the signing algorithm based on a cryptographic key; receiving, at the controller of the currency dispenser, at least the first message authentication code from the host computing device; receiving, at the controller of the currency dispenser, the amount of currency to be dispensed; retrieving, with the controller of the currency dispenser, from the memory, the first number; generating, with the controller of the currency dispenser, a second message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least one of the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed, the first number retrieved during said retrieving; confirming, with the controller of the currency dispenser, identity between the first message authentication code and the second message authentication code; dispensing, with the currency dispenser by the controller, the amount of currency in response to at least said confirming; generating, with the controller of the currency dispenser, a fifth message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least the first number and the amount of currency dispensed during said dispensing; transmitting, with the controller of the currency dispenser, the fifth message authentication code to the host computing device; generating, with the host computing device, a sixth message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed; and confirming, with the host computing device, identity between the fifth message authentication code and the sixth message authentication code. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said generating the first message authentication code with the host computing device is further defined as generating the first message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least the amount of currency to be dispensed. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein:
said receiving the amount of currency to be dispensed at the controller of the currency dispenser is further defined as receiving the amount of currency to be dispensed at the controller of the currency dispenser from the managing computing device; and
said generating the second message authentication code with the controller of the currency dispenser is further defined as generating, with the controller of the currency dispenser, the second message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least the first number retrieved during said retrieving as well as the amount of currency to be dispensed received from the managing computing device. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein said confirming identity with the controller of the currency dispenser is further defined as confirming, with the controller of the currency dispenser, identity between the first message authentication code and the second message authentication code to thereby confirm that the amount of currency to be dispensed associated with the first message authentication code received from the host computing device is identical to the amount of currency to be dispensed that was received from the managing computing device. 5. The method of claim 4 further comprising:
transmitting, with the controller of the currency dispenser, a confirmation message to the managing computing device, wherein the confirmation message communicates that the amount of currency to be dispensed associated with the first message authentication code is identical to the amount of currency to be dispensed that was received from the managing computing device, said transmitting occurring before said dispensing; and
transmitting, with the managing computing device, in response to said transmitting the confirmation message, a dispense command to the controller of the currency dispenser, said transmitting the dispense command occurring before said dispensing; and
wherein said dispensing is further defined as dispensing, with the currency dispenser, the amount of currency in response to said confirming as well as said transmitting the dispense command. 6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 1 wherein said generating the first message authentication code with the host computing device is further defined as generating the first message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to a composite of the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
transmitting, with the host computing device, only the first message authentication code to either of the controller of the currency dispenser and the managing computing device in response to said receiving the dispense request, the host computing device not transmitting the first number, the amount of currency to be dispensed, nor the composite of the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed to either of the controller of the currency dispenser and the managing computing device in response to said receiving the dispense request. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
transmitting, with the host computing device, only the first message authentication code to either of the controller of the currency dispenser and the managing computing device in response to said receiving the dispense request. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating, with the controller of the currency dispenser, a third message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least the first number, said generating the third message authentication code occurring before said receiving the first number at the host computing device; and
transmitting, with the controller of the currency dispenser, the third message authentication code and the first number to the managing computing device before said receiving the first number at the host computing device; and
transmitting, with the managing computing device, the third message authentication code, the first number, the dispense request, and the account information to the host computing device. 11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
generating, with the host computing device, a fourth message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least the first number received by said transmitting the third message authentication code; and
confirming, with the host computing device, identity between the third message authentication code and the fourth message authentication code, wherein said generating the first message authentication code occurs at least partially in response to said confirming identity between the third message authentication code and the fourth message authentication code. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein said generating the first number occurs before said receiving the dispense request and the account information by the managing computing device and is not performed in response to said receiving the dispense request and the account information by the managing computing device. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
transmitting, with the controller of the currency dispenser, the first number to the host computing device before said receiving the dispense request and the account information by the managing computing device. 15. The method of claim 1 wherein said generating the first message authentication code is further defined as generating, with the host computing device, the first message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to both the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
generating, with the host computing system, a dispense command to be executed by the controller of the currency dispenser to dispense the amount of currency; and
transmitting, with the host computing system, the dispense command to the controller of the currency dispenser. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein said generating the dispense command is further defined as generating the dispense command to include a plurality of fields and wherein a first of the plurality of fields contains the first message authentication code. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein said generating the dispense command is further defined as generating the dispense command to include unencrypted data in at least some of the plurality of fields other than the first of the plurality of fields. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein said transmitting the dispense command is further defined as transmitting the dispense command to the controller of the currency dispenser in unencrypted format, whereby the controller of the currency dispenser can act on the dispense command upon receipt without initially decrypting. 20. A method of dispensing currency from an automated transaction machine (ATM) comprising:
receiving, with a managing computing device positioned in the ATM, a dispense request and account information from a user, the dispense request including an amount of currency to be dispensed from a currency dispenser positioned in the ATM; generating, with a controller of the currency dispenser, a first number and storing the first number in a memory communicating with the controller; receiving the first number at a host computing device that is physically remote from the ATM; receiving, at the host computing device, the dispense request and the account information; generating, with the host computing device, a first message authentication code by applying a signing algorithm to at least one of the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed, the signing algorithm based on a cryptographic key; receiving, at the controller of the currency dispenser, at least the first message authentication code from the host computing device; receiving, at the controller of the currency dispenser, the amount of currency to be dispensed; retrieving, with the controller of the currency dispenser, from the memory, the first number; generating, with the controller of the currency dispenser, a second message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least one of the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed, the first number retrieved during said retrieving; confirming, with the controller of the currency dispenser, identity between the first message authentication code and the second message authentication code; dispensing, with the currency dispenser by the controller, the amount of currency in response to at least said confirming; and wherein said dispensing the amount of currency is further defined as dispensing, with the currency dispenser, the amount of currency with the controller of the currency dispenser irresponsive to communications from the managing computing device. 21. The method of claim 10 wherein said dispensing is further defined as:
dispensing, with the currency dispenser by the controller, the amount of currency in response to at least said confirming unless greater than a predetermined period of time elapsed between said transmitting, with the controller of the currency dispenser, the third message authentication code and said receiving, at the controller of the currency dispenser, at least the first message authentication code from the host computing device. 22. The method of claim 1 wherein said dispensing is further defined as:
dispensing, with the currency dispenser by the controller, the amount of currency in response to at least said confirming unless less than a predetermined period of time elapsed since a previous dispensing. | A managing computing device positioned in an ATM can receive a dispense request for an amount of currency and account information from a user. A controller of a currency dispenser can generate a first number. The first number, the dispense request, and the account information can be sent to a remote, host computing device that shares a secret key with the controller. The host device can generate a first message authentication code (MAC) based on at least one of the first number and the amount of currency and can send it to the controller. The controller can generate a second MAC based on at least one of the first number and the amount of currency, confirm identity between the first and second MACs, and control the currency dispenser to dispense the amount of currency to the user.1. A method of dispensing currency from an automated transaction machine (ATM) comprising:
receiving, with a managing computing device positioned in the ATM, a dispense request and account information from a user, the dispense request including an amount of currency to be dispensed from a currency dispenser positioned in the ATM; generating, with a controller of the currency dispenser, a first number and storing the first number in a memory communicating with the controller; receiving the first number at a host computing device that is physically remote from the ATM; receiving, at the host computing device, the dispense request and the account information; generating, with the host computing device, a first message authentication code by applying a signing algorithm to at least one of the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed, the signing algorithm based on a cryptographic key; receiving, at the controller of the currency dispenser, at least the first message authentication code from the host computing device; receiving, at the controller of the currency dispenser, the amount of currency to be dispensed; retrieving, with the controller of the currency dispenser, from the memory, the first number; generating, with the controller of the currency dispenser, a second message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least one of the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed, the first number retrieved during said retrieving; confirming, with the controller of the currency dispenser, identity between the first message authentication code and the second message authentication code; dispensing, with the currency dispenser by the controller, the amount of currency in response to at least said confirming; generating, with the controller of the currency dispenser, a fifth message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least the first number and the amount of currency dispensed during said dispensing; transmitting, with the controller of the currency dispenser, the fifth message authentication code to the host computing device; generating, with the host computing device, a sixth message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed; and confirming, with the host computing device, identity between the fifth message authentication code and the sixth message authentication code. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said generating the first message authentication code with the host computing device is further defined as generating the first message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least the amount of currency to be dispensed. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein:
said receiving the amount of currency to be dispensed at the controller of the currency dispenser is further defined as receiving the amount of currency to be dispensed at the controller of the currency dispenser from the managing computing device; and
said generating the second message authentication code with the controller of the currency dispenser is further defined as generating, with the controller of the currency dispenser, the second message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least the first number retrieved during said retrieving as well as the amount of currency to be dispensed received from the managing computing device. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein said confirming identity with the controller of the currency dispenser is further defined as confirming, with the controller of the currency dispenser, identity between the first message authentication code and the second message authentication code to thereby confirm that the amount of currency to be dispensed associated with the first message authentication code received from the host computing device is identical to the amount of currency to be dispensed that was received from the managing computing device. 5. The method of claim 4 further comprising:
transmitting, with the controller of the currency dispenser, a confirmation message to the managing computing device, wherein the confirmation message communicates that the amount of currency to be dispensed associated with the first message authentication code is identical to the amount of currency to be dispensed that was received from the managing computing device, said transmitting occurring before said dispensing; and
transmitting, with the managing computing device, in response to said transmitting the confirmation message, a dispense command to the controller of the currency dispenser, said transmitting the dispense command occurring before said dispensing; and
wherein said dispensing is further defined as dispensing, with the currency dispenser, the amount of currency in response to said confirming as well as said transmitting the dispense command. 6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 1 wherein said generating the first message authentication code with the host computing device is further defined as generating the first message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to a composite of the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
transmitting, with the host computing device, only the first message authentication code to either of the controller of the currency dispenser and the managing computing device in response to said receiving the dispense request, the host computing device not transmitting the first number, the amount of currency to be dispensed, nor the composite of the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed to either of the controller of the currency dispenser and the managing computing device in response to said receiving the dispense request. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
transmitting, with the host computing device, only the first message authentication code to either of the controller of the currency dispenser and the managing computing device in response to said receiving the dispense request. 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating, with the controller of the currency dispenser, a third message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least the first number, said generating the third message authentication code occurring before said receiving the first number at the host computing device; and
transmitting, with the controller of the currency dispenser, the third message authentication code and the first number to the managing computing device before said receiving the first number at the host computing device; and
transmitting, with the managing computing device, the third message authentication code, the first number, the dispense request, and the account information to the host computing device. 11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
generating, with the host computing device, a fourth message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least the first number received by said transmitting the third message authentication code; and
confirming, with the host computing device, identity between the third message authentication code and the fourth message authentication code, wherein said generating the first message authentication code occurs at least partially in response to said confirming identity between the third message authentication code and the fourth message authentication code. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein said generating the first number occurs before said receiving the dispense request and the account information by the managing computing device and is not performed in response to said receiving the dispense request and the account information by the managing computing device. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
transmitting, with the controller of the currency dispenser, the first number to the host computing device before said receiving the dispense request and the account information by the managing computing device. 15. The method of claim 1 wherein said generating the first message authentication code is further defined as generating, with the host computing device, the first message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to both the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
generating, with the host computing system, a dispense command to be executed by the controller of the currency dispenser to dispense the amount of currency; and
transmitting, with the host computing system, the dispense command to the controller of the currency dispenser. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein said generating the dispense command is further defined as generating the dispense command to include a plurality of fields and wherein a first of the plurality of fields contains the first message authentication code. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein said generating the dispense command is further defined as generating the dispense command to include unencrypted data in at least some of the plurality of fields other than the first of the plurality of fields. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein said transmitting the dispense command is further defined as transmitting the dispense command to the controller of the currency dispenser in unencrypted format, whereby the controller of the currency dispenser can act on the dispense command upon receipt without initially decrypting. 20. A method of dispensing currency from an automated transaction machine (ATM) comprising:
receiving, with a managing computing device positioned in the ATM, a dispense request and account information from a user, the dispense request including an amount of currency to be dispensed from a currency dispenser positioned in the ATM; generating, with a controller of the currency dispenser, a first number and storing the first number in a memory communicating with the controller; receiving the first number at a host computing device that is physically remote from the ATM; receiving, at the host computing device, the dispense request and the account information; generating, with the host computing device, a first message authentication code by applying a signing algorithm to at least one of the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed, the signing algorithm based on a cryptographic key; receiving, at the controller of the currency dispenser, at least the first message authentication code from the host computing device; receiving, at the controller of the currency dispenser, the amount of currency to be dispensed; retrieving, with the controller of the currency dispenser, from the memory, the first number; generating, with the controller of the currency dispenser, a second message authentication code by applying the signing algorithm to at least one of the first number and the amount of currency to be dispensed, the first number retrieved during said retrieving; confirming, with the controller of the currency dispenser, identity between the first message authentication code and the second message authentication code; dispensing, with the currency dispenser by the controller, the amount of currency in response to at least said confirming; and wherein said dispensing the amount of currency is further defined as dispensing, with the currency dispenser, the amount of currency with the controller of the currency dispenser irresponsive to communications from the managing computing device. 21. The method of claim 10 wherein said dispensing is further defined as:
dispensing, with the currency dispenser by the controller, the amount of currency in response to at least said confirming unless greater than a predetermined period of time elapsed between said transmitting, with the controller of the currency dispenser, the third message authentication code and said receiving, at the controller of the currency dispenser, at least the first message authentication code from the host computing device. 22. The method of claim 1 wherein said dispensing is further defined as:
dispensing, with the currency dispenser by the controller, the amount of currency in response to at least said confirming unless less than a predetermined period of time elapsed since a previous dispensing. | 2,800 |
339,266 | 16,800,154 | 2,432 | The invention provides a computer implemented method of receiving content at an electronic processing device. The electronic processing device has a data processing application. The method comprises a first step of receiving a message or invitation, said message or invitation not including the content to be received, wherein opening of the message or invitation causes the data processing application to configure a camera of the electronic processing device to capture image data. The data processing application uses image data captured by said camera of said electronic processing device to determine that a user viewing said screen is an authorized or recognized user and, in response to a positive determination, receives said content as encrypted content at said data processing application. In response to a negative determination, the content is not received said content at said data processing application. The data processing application is also configured to not locally store said provided content on said electronic processing device and to disable any screen or video capture functionalities of the electronic processing device. | 1. A computer implemented method of receiving content at an electronic processing device, said electronic processing device having a data processing application configured to perform the steps of:
receiving a message or invitation, said message or invitation not including the content to be received, wherein opening of the message or invitation causes the data processing application to configure a camera of the electronic processing device to capture image data; using image data captured by said camera of said electronic processing device to determine that a user viewing said screen is an authorized or recognized user; and in response to a positive determination, receiving said content as encrypted content at said data processing application; or in response to a negative determination, not receiving said content at said data processing application. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said data processing application is configured to not locally store said received encrypted content in a memory of said electronic processing device whether or not said content remains encrypted or is decrypted. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said data processing application is configured to decrypt said received encrypted content within said data processing application. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said data processing application is configured to:
process data comprising said decrypted content into a format suitable for display on a screen of said electronic processing device; monitor one or more sensors of the electronic processing device to receive at least one biometric data input during display of the decrypted content; and cause one of: (i) halting display of the decrypted content; and (ii) blurring the screen in response to a determination of a predetermined change in said biometric data. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the monitoring step comprises monitoring one or more sensors of the electronic processing device to continuously or periodically receive at least one biometric data input during display of the decrypted content. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of receiving at least one biometric data input during display of the decrypted content comprises receiving image data from a camera of the electronic processing device and using facial recognition software to analyze the image data to determine that a person's face is viewing the screen. 7. The method of claim 6, including comparing the person's face determined by the facial recognition software to a database of authorized persons to identify that an authorized person is viewing the screen. 8. The method of claim 7, including the step of comparing the identity of the authorized person to other identity data to determine that the identified authorized person is the intended recipient of the provided content. 9. The method of claim 6, including the step of processing the image data from the electronic processing device's camera to detect movement, gestures and/or expressions of the person determined as viewing the screen. 10. The method of claim 9, including the step of using any detected movement, gestures and/or expressions of the person determined as viewing the screen to continue to show the provided content on the screen and/or to provide data indicative of the person's reaction to the viewed content or a portion of the viewed content. 11. The method of claim 6, wherein a predetermined change in said biometric data comprises any one or any combination of: determining that two or more persons are viewing the screen; the disappearance from the electronic processing device's camera image view of a person determined as viewing the screen; a significant movement of a person determined as viewing the screen; a lack of any perceptible movement of a person determined as viewing the screen; the recognition or detection of non-biological objects such as cameras or electronic devices within the electronic processing device's camera image view or within range of the electronic processing device's short range radio module; and the absence of other biometric data inputs. 12. The method of claim 5, further comprising receiving two biometric data inputs of different types or media during display of the decrypted content using said two biometric data inputs in parallel, serial, or interleaved processes to authenticate that a person using the electronic processing device is an authorized or recognized user. 13. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining a degree, amount or measure of synchronization between said two biometric data inputs of different types or media and, based on said determined degree, amount or measure of synchronization, causing one of: (i) halting display of the decrypted content; and (ii) blurring the screen. 14. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of receiving at least one biometric data input during display of the decrypted content comprises receiving image data from a camera of the electronic processing device and receiving audio data from a microphone of the electronic processing device and using said image data and said audio data in parallel, serial, or interleaved processes to authenticate that a person using the electronic processing device is an authorized or recognized user. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of receiving a message or invitation causes the data processing application to configure the microphone of the electronic processing device to capture audio data. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the data processing application uses voice and/or speech recognition software to authenticate the voice of an authorized or recognized user and wherein, if either the voice of an authorized or recognized user is not authenticated or the image data is not authenticated, the data processing application causes one of: (i) halting display of the decrypted content; and (ii) blurring the screen. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein authentication of the image data comprises detecting facial movement of the authorized or recognized user to determine that the authorized or recognized user is a live user. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the facial movement being detected comprises mouth movement of the authorized or recognized user. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising determining a degree, amount or measure of synchronization between said detected mouth movement of the authorized or recognized user and recognized speech of authorized or recognized user and, based on said determined degree, amount or measure of synchronization, causing one of: (i) halting display of the decrypted content; and (ii) blurring the screen. 20. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
in response to a negative determination that a user viewing said screen is an authorized or recognized user, receiving a message overriding said negative determination to thereby invoke a positive determination to enable the data processing application of the electronic processing device to perform the steps of the method of claim 1. 21. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing machine-readable code which, when executed by a processor, causes a data processing application of an electronic processing device to implement the steps of:
receiving a message or invitation, said message or invitation not including the content to be received, wherein opening of the message or invitation causes the data processing application to configure a camera of the electronic processing device to capture image data; using image data captured by said camera of said electronic processing device to determine that a user viewing said screen is an authorized or recognized user; and in response to a positive determination, receiving said content as encrypted content at said data processing application; or in response to a negative determination, not receiving said content at said data processing application. 22. A system for displaying content on a screen of an electronic processing device, said system comprising:
a first electronic processing device in communication with a second electronic processing device, said first electronic processing device configured to transmit encrypted content to a data processing application of said second electronic processing device, said data processing application configured to receive said transmitted encrypted content and to perform the steps of: receiving a message or invitation, said message or invitation not including the content to be received, wherein opening of the message or invitation causes the data processing application to configure a camera of the electronic processing device to capture image data; using image data captured by said camera of said electronic processing device to determine that a user viewing said screen is an authorized or recognized user; and in response to a positive determination, receiving said content as encrypted content at said data processing application; or in response to a negative determination, not receiving said content at said data processing application. 23. A computer implemented method of receiving content at an electronic processing device, said electronic processing device having a data processing application configured to perform the steps of:
receiving two biometric data inputs of different types or media from respective sensors of said electronic processing device; determining a degree, amount or measure of synchronization between said two biometric data inputs of different types or media; and, based on said determined degree, amount or measure of synchronization, causing one of: (i) not displaying received content on a screen of the electronic processing device; (ii) halting display of the content on said screen; and (iii) blurring the screen. | The invention provides a computer implemented method of receiving content at an electronic processing device. The electronic processing device has a data processing application. The method comprises a first step of receiving a message or invitation, said message or invitation not including the content to be received, wherein opening of the message or invitation causes the data processing application to configure a camera of the electronic processing device to capture image data. The data processing application uses image data captured by said camera of said electronic processing device to determine that a user viewing said screen is an authorized or recognized user and, in response to a positive determination, receives said content as encrypted content at said data processing application. In response to a negative determination, the content is not received said content at said data processing application. The data processing application is also configured to not locally store said provided content on said electronic processing device and to disable any screen or video capture functionalities of the electronic processing device.1. A computer implemented method of receiving content at an electronic processing device, said electronic processing device having a data processing application configured to perform the steps of:
receiving a message or invitation, said message or invitation not including the content to be received, wherein opening of the message or invitation causes the data processing application to configure a camera of the electronic processing device to capture image data; using image data captured by said camera of said electronic processing device to determine that a user viewing said screen is an authorized or recognized user; and in response to a positive determination, receiving said content as encrypted content at said data processing application; or in response to a negative determination, not receiving said content at said data processing application. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said data processing application is configured to not locally store said received encrypted content in a memory of said electronic processing device whether or not said content remains encrypted or is decrypted. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said data processing application is configured to decrypt said received encrypted content within said data processing application. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said data processing application is configured to:
process data comprising said decrypted content into a format suitable for display on a screen of said electronic processing device; monitor one or more sensors of the electronic processing device to receive at least one biometric data input during display of the decrypted content; and cause one of: (i) halting display of the decrypted content; and (ii) blurring the screen in response to a determination of a predetermined change in said biometric data. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the monitoring step comprises monitoring one or more sensors of the electronic processing device to continuously or periodically receive at least one biometric data input during display of the decrypted content. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of receiving at least one biometric data input during display of the decrypted content comprises receiving image data from a camera of the electronic processing device and using facial recognition software to analyze the image data to determine that a person's face is viewing the screen. 7. The method of claim 6, including comparing the person's face determined by the facial recognition software to a database of authorized persons to identify that an authorized person is viewing the screen. 8. The method of claim 7, including the step of comparing the identity of the authorized person to other identity data to determine that the identified authorized person is the intended recipient of the provided content. 9. The method of claim 6, including the step of processing the image data from the electronic processing device's camera to detect movement, gestures and/or expressions of the person determined as viewing the screen. 10. The method of claim 9, including the step of using any detected movement, gestures and/or expressions of the person determined as viewing the screen to continue to show the provided content on the screen and/or to provide data indicative of the person's reaction to the viewed content or a portion of the viewed content. 11. The method of claim 6, wherein a predetermined change in said biometric data comprises any one or any combination of: determining that two or more persons are viewing the screen; the disappearance from the electronic processing device's camera image view of a person determined as viewing the screen; a significant movement of a person determined as viewing the screen; a lack of any perceptible movement of a person determined as viewing the screen; the recognition or detection of non-biological objects such as cameras or electronic devices within the electronic processing device's camera image view or within range of the electronic processing device's short range radio module; and the absence of other biometric data inputs. 12. The method of claim 5, further comprising receiving two biometric data inputs of different types or media during display of the decrypted content using said two biometric data inputs in parallel, serial, or interleaved processes to authenticate that a person using the electronic processing device is an authorized or recognized user. 13. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining a degree, amount or measure of synchronization between said two biometric data inputs of different types or media and, based on said determined degree, amount or measure of synchronization, causing one of: (i) halting display of the decrypted content; and (ii) blurring the screen. 14. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of receiving at least one biometric data input during display of the decrypted content comprises receiving image data from a camera of the electronic processing device and receiving audio data from a microphone of the electronic processing device and using said image data and said audio data in parallel, serial, or interleaved processes to authenticate that a person using the electronic processing device is an authorized or recognized user. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of receiving a message or invitation causes the data processing application to configure the microphone of the electronic processing device to capture audio data. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the data processing application uses voice and/or speech recognition software to authenticate the voice of an authorized or recognized user and wherein, if either the voice of an authorized or recognized user is not authenticated or the image data is not authenticated, the data processing application causes one of: (i) halting display of the decrypted content; and (ii) blurring the screen. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein authentication of the image data comprises detecting facial movement of the authorized or recognized user to determine that the authorized or recognized user is a live user. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the facial movement being detected comprises mouth movement of the authorized or recognized user. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising determining a degree, amount or measure of synchronization between said detected mouth movement of the authorized or recognized user and recognized speech of authorized or recognized user and, based on said determined degree, amount or measure of synchronization, causing one of: (i) halting display of the decrypted content; and (ii) blurring the screen. 20. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
in response to a negative determination that a user viewing said screen is an authorized or recognized user, receiving a message overriding said negative determination to thereby invoke a positive determination to enable the data processing application of the electronic processing device to perform the steps of the method of claim 1. 21. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing machine-readable code which, when executed by a processor, causes a data processing application of an electronic processing device to implement the steps of:
receiving a message or invitation, said message or invitation not including the content to be received, wherein opening of the message or invitation causes the data processing application to configure a camera of the electronic processing device to capture image data; using image data captured by said camera of said electronic processing device to determine that a user viewing said screen is an authorized or recognized user; and in response to a positive determination, receiving said content as encrypted content at said data processing application; or in response to a negative determination, not receiving said content at said data processing application. 22. A system for displaying content on a screen of an electronic processing device, said system comprising:
a first electronic processing device in communication with a second electronic processing device, said first electronic processing device configured to transmit encrypted content to a data processing application of said second electronic processing device, said data processing application configured to receive said transmitted encrypted content and to perform the steps of: receiving a message or invitation, said message or invitation not including the content to be received, wherein opening of the message or invitation causes the data processing application to configure a camera of the electronic processing device to capture image data; using image data captured by said camera of said electronic processing device to determine that a user viewing said screen is an authorized or recognized user; and in response to a positive determination, receiving said content as encrypted content at said data processing application; or in response to a negative determination, not receiving said content at said data processing application. 23. A computer implemented method of receiving content at an electronic processing device, said electronic processing device having a data processing application configured to perform the steps of:
receiving two biometric data inputs of different types or media from respective sensors of said electronic processing device; determining a degree, amount or measure of synchronization between said two biometric data inputs of different types or media; and, based on said determined degree, amount or measure of synchronization, causing one of: (i) not displaying received content on a screen of the electronic processing device; (ii) halting display of the content on said screen; and (iii) blurring the screen. | 2,400 |
339,267 | 16,800,169 | 2,432 | A pallet jack includes a base and a pair of tines extending from the base. The pair of tines including a first tine and a second tine. A load wheel supports an outer end of each of the pair of tines. Each load wheel is configured to move toward and away from the respective tine to raise the tine off a floor on which the load wheel is supported. The first tine including a support surface configured to selectively be a lowermost surface of the tine to facilitate lateral displacement of the first tine. | 1. A pallet jack comprising:
a base; a pair of tines extending from the base, the pair of tines including a first tine and a second tine; a load wheel supporting an outer end of each of the pair of tines, wherein each load wheel is configured to move toward and away from the respective tine to raise the tine off a floor on which the wheel is supported; and the first tine including a support surface configured to selectively be a lowermost surface of the tine to facilitate lateral displacement of the first tine. 2. The pallet jack of claim 1 wherein the pair of tines are selectively movable laterally toward and away from one another. 3. The pallet jack of claim 2 further including a push rod in each of the pair of tines, the push rod coupled to the respective load wheel, wherein movement of the push rod in a direction parallel to the respective tine causes the respective load wheel to move toward and away from the tine. 4. The pallet jack of claim 3 wherein movement of the push rod in the first tine causes the support surface to move toward and away from the tine such that the support surface contacts the floor. 5. The pallet jack of claim 4 wherein the support surface is a side wheel. 6. The pallet jack of claim 5 wherein the side wheel is rotatable on an axis perpendicular to an axis of the load wheel of the first tine. 7. The pallet jack of claim 6 wherein the side wheel is pivotable in a plane parallel to a vertical plane through the first tine. 8. The pallet jack of claim 7 wherein the side wheel is rotatably mounted to a side arm pivotable about an axis of the load wheel of the first tine. 9. The pallet jack of claim 4 wherein the support surface is a slide. 10. The pallet jack of claim 1 wherein the support surface is configured to be moved toward and away from the respective tine independently of the movement of the respective load wheel toward and away from the respective tine. 11. The pallet jack of claim 1 wherein the support surface is at a fixed distance from the tine. 12. The pallet jack of claim 11 wherein the support surface is a side wheel. 13. The pallet jack of claim 12 wherein the pair of tines are selectively movable laterally toward and away from one another. 14. The pallet jack of claim 13 further including a push rod in each of the pair of tines, the push rod coupled to the respective load wheel, wherein movement of the push rod in a direction parallel to the respective tine causes the respective load wheel to move toward and away from the tine. 15. A method for operating a pallet jack including the steps of:
a) deploying a support surface below a first tine such that the support surface contacts a floor; b) moving the first tine away from a second tine while the first tine is supported on the floor by the support surface; c) deploying a first load wheel below an outer end of the first tine; and d) moving the first load wheel away from the first tine to raise the first tine relative to the floor. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the support surface is on a side wheel, wherein the side wheel is rotatable about a lateral axis generally perpendicular to an axis of the load wheel. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein steps a) and c) are both performed by moving a push rod in a direction parallel to the first tine. | A pallet jack includes a base and a pair of tines extending from the base. The pair of tines including a first tine and a second tine. A load wheel supports an outer end of each of the pair of tines. Each load wheel is configured to move toward and away from the respective tine to raise the tine off a floor on which the load wheel is supported. The first tine including a support surface configured to selectively be a lowermost surface of the tine to facilitate lateral displacement of the first tine.1. A pallet jack comprising:
a base; a pair of tines extending from the base, the pair of tines including a first tine and a second tine; a load wheel supporting an outer end of each of the pair of tines, wherein each load wheel is configured to move toward and away from the respective tine to raise the tine off a floor on which the wheel is supported; and the first tine including a support surface configured to selectively be a lowermost surface of the tine to facilitate lateral displacement of the first tine. 2. The pallet jack of claim 1 wherein the pair of tines are selectively movable laterally toward and away from one another. 3. The pallet jack of claim 2 further including a push rod in each of the pair of tines, the push rod coupled to the respective load wheel, wherein movement of the push rod in a direction parallel to the respective tine causes the respective load wheel to move toward and away from the tine. 4. The pallet jack of claim 3 wherein movement of the push rod in the first tine causes the support surface to move toward and away from the tine such that the support surface contacts the floor. 5. The pallet jack of claim 4 wherein the support surface is a side wheel. 6. The pallet jack of claim 5 wherein the side wheel is rotatable on an axis perpendicular to an axis of the load wheel of the first tine. 7. The pallet jack of claim 6 wherein the side wheel is pivotable in a plane parallel to a vertical plane through the first tine. 8. The pallet jack of claim 7 wherein the side wheel is rotatably mounted to a side arm pivotable about an axis of the load wheel of the first tine. 9. The pallet jack of claim 4 wherein the support surface is a slide. 10. The pallet jack of claim 1 wherein the support surface is configured to be moved toward and away from the respective tine independently of the movement of the respective load wheel toward and away from the respective tine. 11. The pallet jack of claim 1 wherein the support surface is at a fixed distance from the tine. 12. The pallet jack of claim 11 wherein the support surface is a side wheel. 13. The pallet jack of claim 12 wherein the pair of tines are selectively movable laterally toward and away from one another. 14. The pallet jack of claim 13 further including a push rod in each of the pair of tines, the push rod coupled to the respective load wheel, wherein movement of the push rod in a direction parallel to the respective tine causes the respective load wheel to move toward and away from the tine. 15. A method for operating a pallet jack including the steps of:
a) deploying a support surface below a first tine such that the support surface contacts a floor; b) moving the first tine away from a second tine while the first tine is supported on the floor by the support surface; c) deploying a first load wheel below an outer end of the first tine; and d) moving the first load wheel away from the first tine to raise the first tine relative to the floor. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the support surface is on a side wheel, wherein the side wheel is rotatable about a lateral axis generally perpendicular to an axis of the load wheel. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein steps a) and c) are both performed by moving a push rod in a direction parallel to the first tine. | 2,400 |
339,268 | 16,800,157 | 2,432 | Various embodiments relate to an electronic device. The electronic device may include: a housing including a first surface facing a first direction and a second surface facing a second direction opposite the first direction; a first display viewable through the first surface; a battery disposed between the first display and the second surface; a second display having a size smaller than a size of the first display and viewable through a partial area of the second surface; a short-distance wireless communication antenna disposed at a lower end of the second display and configured to transmit/receive a short-distance wireless communication signal through the partial area of the second surface and the second display; and a shield disposed at a lower end of the short-distance wireless communication antenna and configured to block transmission/reception of the short-distance wireless communication signal through the first surface. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a housing comprising a first surface facing a first direction and a second surface facing a second direction opposite the first direction; a first display viewable through the first surface; a battery disposed between the first display and the second surface; a second display having a size smaller than a size of the first display and viewable through a partial area of the second surface; a short-distance wireless communication antenna disposed at a lower end of the second display and configured to transmit/receive a short-distance wireless communication signal through the partial area of the second surface and the second display; and a shield disposed at a lower end of the short-distance wireless communication antenna and configured to block transmission/reception of the short-distance wireless communication signal through the first surface. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second display includes an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a support disposed between the battery and the shield to support the second display. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the shield comprises a shielding sheet or shielding paint. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a bracket supporting the first display. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the housing further includes at least one of:
at least one first protrusion portion protruding from the first surface to be higher than a surface of the first display; or at least one second protrusion portion protruding from the second surface to be higher than a surface of the second display. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one electronic component comprising circuitry and exposed through an area of the second surface different from the partial area of the second surface through which the second display is viewable; a first luminance sensor disposed on the first surface; and a second luminance sensor disposed on the second surface. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, comprising:
at least one processor operatively connected to the first display, the second display, the at least one electronic component, the first luminance sensor, and the second luminance sensor; and a memory operatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory is configured to store instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to:
measure external luminance using at least one of the first luminance sensor and the second luminance sensor; and
control brightness of at least one of the first display and the second display based on the measured external luminance. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to:
determine a representative display to display information based on at least one of luminance values measured through the first luminance sensor and the second luminance sensor, in response to occurrence of an event for information display. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to:
confirm, based on the luminance values measured through the first luminance sensor and the second luminance sensor being different, whether an object is within a specified proximity of the display disposed on a surface having the lower luminance value; and determine, based on the object being within the specified proximity of the display disposed on the surface having the lower luminance value, another display as the representative display. 11. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to:
notify that a direction change of the electronic device is necessary so that the second display is used in response to an incoming or outgoing call on the first display, lock the first display in response to sensing the direction change, and make a call automatically through a receiver disposed on the second surface, or lock the first display in response to sensing the direction change, display a user interface (UI) on the second display so as to ask whether to accept the call, and make the call based on an input sensed through the UI. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to:
confirm the direction of the electronic device based on the call being over; and determine a display to display a previous screen based on the confirmed direction of the electronic device. 13. The electronic device of claim 8, further comprising:
a first subscriber identification module comprising a first subscriber identification circuitry configured to be associated with the first display; and a second subscriber identification module comprising a second subscriber identification circuitry configured to be associated with the second display, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to: provide a screen related to the first subscriber identification module on the first display; and provide a screen related to the second subscriber identification module on the second display. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to request a call using the first subscriber identification module based on a call request being sensed on the first display. 15. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to:
request a call using the second subscriber identification module based on a call request being sensed on the second display. 16. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to:
request authentication based on the electronic device being unlocked; and limit use of at least one of the first display and the second display, based on whether authentication is successful. 17. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor comprises:
an application processor; a first graphic processor configured to control the first display; and a second graphic processor configured to control the second display. 18. An electronic device comprising:
a housing comprising a first surface facing a first direction and a second surface facing a second direction opposite the first direction; a first display viewable through the first surface; a bracket supporting the first display; a short-distance wireless communication antenna disposed between the first display and the bracket and configured to transmit/receive a short-distance wireless communication signal through a partial area of the first surface and the first display; a shield disposed between the short-distance wireless communication antenna and the bracket and configured to block transmission/reception of the short-distance wireless communication signal through the second surface; and a second display having a size smaller than a size of the first display and viewable through a partial area of the second surface. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the first display includes an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display. 20. An electronic device comprising:
a housing comprising a first surface facing a first direction and a second surface facing a second direction opposite the first direction; a first display viewable through the first surface; a bracket supporting the first display; a second display having a size smaller than a size of the first display and viewable through a partial area of the second surface; and a short-distance wireless communication antenna disposed in a bezel area of the second display and surrounding the second display. | Various embodiments relate to an electronic device. The electronic device may include: a housing including a first surface facing a first direction and a second surface facing a second direction opposite the first direction; a first display viewable through the first surface; a battery disposed between the first display and the second surface; a second display having a size smaller than a size of the first display and viewable through a partial area of the second surface; a short-distance wireless communication antenna disposed at a lower end of the second display and configured to transmit/receive a short-distance wireless communication signal through the partial area of the second surface and the second display; and a shield disposed at a lower end of the short-distance wireless communication antenna and configured to block transmission/reception of the short-distance wireless communication signal through the first surface.1. An electronic device comprising:
a housing comprising a first surface facing a first direction and a second surface facing a second direction opposite the first direction; a first display viewable through the first surface; a battery disposed between the first display and the second surface; a second display having a size smaller than a size of the first display and viewable through a partial area of the second surface; a short-distance wireless communication antenna disposed at a lower end of the second display and configured to transmit/receive a short-distance wireless communication signal through the partial area of the second surface and the second display; and a shield disposed at a lower end of the short-distance wireless communication antenna and configured to block transmission/reception of the short-distance wireless communication signal through the first surface. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second display includes an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a support disposed between the battery and the shield to support the second display. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the shield comprises a shielding sheet or shielding paint. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a bracket supporting the first display. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the housing further includes at least one of:
at least one first protrusion portion protruding from the first surface to be higher than a surface of the first display; or at least one second protrusion portion protruding from the second surface to be higher than a surface of the second display. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one electronic component comprising circuitry and exposed through an area of the second surface different from the partial area of the second surface through which the second display is viewable; a first luminance sensor disposed on the first surface; and a second luminance sensor disposed on the second surface. 8. The electronic device of claim 7, comprising:
at least one processor operatively connected to the first display, the second display, the at least one electronic component, the first luminance sensor, and the second luminance sensor; and a memory operatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory is configured to store instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to:
measure external luminance using at least one of the first luminance sensor and the second luminance sensor; and
control brightness of at least one of the first display and the second display based on the measured external luminance. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to:
determine a representative display to display information based on at least one of luminance values measured through the first luminance sensor and the second luminance sensor, in response to occurrence of an event for information display. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to:
confirm, based on the luminance values measured through the first luminance sensor and the second luminance sensor being different, whether an object is within a specified proximity of the display disposed on a surface having the lower luminance value; and determine, based on the object being within the specified proximity of the display disposed on the surface having the lower luminance value, another display as the representative display. 11. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to:
notify that a direction change of the electronic device is necessary so that the second display is used in response to an incoming or outgoing call on the first display, lock the first display in response to sensing the direction change, and make a call automatically through a receiver disposed on the second surface, or lock the first display in response to sensing the direction change, display a user interface (UI) on the second display so as to ask whether to accept the call, and make the call based on an input sensed through the UI. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to:
confirm the direction of the electronic device based on the call being over; and determine a display to display a previous screen based on the confirmed direction of the electronic device. 13. The electronic device of claim 8, further comprising:
a first subscriber identification module comprising a first subscriber identification circuitry configured to be associated with the first display; and a second subscriber identification module comprising a second subscriber identification circuitry configured to be associated with the second display, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to: provide a screen related to the first subscriber identification module on the first display; and provide a screen related to the second subscriber identification module on the second display. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to request a call using the first subscriber identification module based on a call request being sensed on the first display. 15. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to:
request a call using the second subscriber identification module based on a call request being sensed on the second display. 16. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one processor to control the electronic device to:
request authentication based on the electronic device being unlocked; and limit use of at least one of the first display and the second display, based on whether authentication is successful. 17. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor comprises:
an application processor; a first graphic processor configured to control the first display; and a second graphic processor configured to control the second display. 18. An electronic device comprising:
a housing comprising a first surface facing a first direction and a second surface facing a second direction opposite the first direction; a first display viewable through the first surface; a bracket supporting the first display; a short-distance wireless communication antenna disposed between the first display and the bracket and configured to transmit/receive a short-distance wireless communication signal through a partial area of the first surface and the first display; a shield disposed between the short-distance wireless communication antenna and the bracket and configured to block transmission/reception of the short-distance wireless communication signal through the second surface; and a second display having a size smaller than a size of the first display and viewable through a partial area of the second surface. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the first display includes an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display. 20. An electronic device comprising:
a housing comprising a first surface facing a first direction and a second surface facing a second direction opposite the first direction; a first display viewable through the first surface; a bracket supporting the first display; a second display having a size smaller than a size of the first display and viewable through a partial area of the second surface; and a short-distance wireless communication antenna disposed in a bezel area of the second display and surrounding the second display. | 2,400 |
339,269 | 16,800,138 | 2,432 | The invention relates to a cardboard filter (1) for cigarettes, formed by folding, winding and gluing a cardboard strip (2). According to the invention, the cardboard strip (2) is folded to form a central portion (21) having a series of lobes (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) angularly equally distributed around a central axis (22) of the filter (2) and a peripheral portion (23) surrounding the central portion (21), the lobes (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and the peripheral portion (23) delimiting gas passage channels (24) around the central axis (22). | 1. A cardboard filter for cigarettes, formed by folding, winding and gluing a cardboard strip, wherein the cardboard strip is folded to form a central portion having a series of lobes angularly equally distributed around a central axis of the filter and a peripheral portion surrounding the central portion, the lobes and the peripheral portion delimiting gas passage channels around the central axis. 2. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the gas passage channels are angularly equally distributed around the central axis of the filter. 3. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the lobes have at least one outer portion being in contact against the peripheral portion. 4. The filter according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the lobes comprises:
at least one outer segment, which is located facing the peripheral portion, a first inner segment, which extends between a first outer end fold of the outer segment and a central area of the filter comprising the central axis, a second inner segment, which extends between a second outer end fold of the outer segment and the central area of the filter. 5. The filter according to claim 4, comprising at least one first lobe and one second lobe, which is adjacent to the first lobe,
the second inner segment of the first lobe being linked to the first inner segment of the second lobe by an inner end fold of them. 6. The filter according to claim 1, wherein one of the lobes comprises:
at least one outer segment located facing the peripheral portion, a first inner segment that is not folded relative to the outer segment, a second inner segment which extends between a second outer end fold of the outer segment and the central area of the filter, another area of the peripheral portion, located facing the outer segment, being connected to the first inner segment by a first outer fold. 7. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral portion is of a frustoconical shape around the central axis. 8. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral portion is of circular cylindrical shape around the central axis. 9. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the lobes delimit therebetween a central space containing the central axis. 10. The filter according to claim 1, having at least three lobes. 11. The filter according to claim 1, having five lobes. 12. The filter according to claim 1, wherein a sheet delimiting an axial tube intended to contain tobacco is glued on an axial end of the peripheral portion in the continuation of the peripheral portion. 13. A cigarette wherein it comprises a cardboard filter according to claim 1. 14. A method for manufacturing the filter according to claim 1, a filter in which the lobes delimit therebetween a central space containing the central axis, wherein the method comprises a step of immobilizing the filter, in which the filter is threaded by a machine through its central space around a pin to hold the filter, then a step of fixing a sheet delimiting an axial tube intended to contain tobacco, in which the sheet is glued by the machine in the continuation of the peripheral portion on an axial end of the peripheral portion of the filter held on the pin, then a step of separating the filter from the pin. | The invention relates to a cardboard filter (1) for cigarettes, formed by folding, winding and gluing a cardboard strip (2). According to the invention, the cardboard strip (2) is folded to form a central portion (21) having a series of lobes (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) angularly equally distributed around a central axis (22) of the filter (2) and a peripheral portion (23) surrounding the central portion (21), the lobes (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and the peripheral portion (23) delimiting gas passage channels (24) around the central axis (22).1. A cardboard filter for cigarettes, formed by folding, winding and gluing a cardboard strip, wherein the cardboard strip is folded to form a central portion having a series of lobes angularly equally distributed around a central axis of the filter and a peripheral portion surrounding the central portion, the lobes and the peripheral portion delimiting gas passage channels around the central axis. 2. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the gas passage channels are angularly equally distributed around the central axis of the filter. 3. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the lobes have at least one outer portion being in contact against the peripheral portion. 4. The filter according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the lobes comprises:
at least one outer segment, which is located facing the peripheral portion, a first inner segment, which extends between a first outer end fold of the outer segment and a central area of the filter comprising the central axis, a second inner segment, which extends between a second outer end fold of the outer segment and the central area of the filter. 5. The filter according to claim 4, comprising at least one first lobe and one second lobe, which is adjacent to the first lobe,
the second inner segment of the first lobe being linked to the first inner segment of the second lobe by an inner end fold of them. 6. The filter according to claim 1, wherein one of the lobes comprises:
at least one outer segment located facing the peripheral portion, a first inner segment that is not folded relative to the outer segment, a second inner segment which extends between a second outer end fold of the outer segment and the central area of the filter, another area of the peripheral portion, located facing the outer segment, being connected to the first inner segment by a first outer fold. 7. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral portion is of a frustoconical shape around the central axis. 8. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral portion is of circular cylindrical shape around the central axis. 9. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the lobes delimit therebetween a central space containing the central axis. 10. The filter according to claim 1, having at least three lobes. 11. The filter according to claim 1, having five lobes. 12. The filter according to claim 1, wherein a sheet delimiting an axial tube intended to contain tobacco is glued on an axial end of the peripheral portion in the continuation of the peripheral portion. 13. A cigarette wherein it comprises a cardboard filter according to claim 1. 14. A method for manufacturing the filter according to claim 1, a filter in which the lobes delimit therebetween a central space containing the central axis, wherein the method comprises a step of immobilizing the filter, in which the filter is threaded by a machine through its central space around a pin to hold the filter, then a step of fixing a sheet delimiting an axial tube intended to contain tobacco, in which the sheet is glued by the machine in the continuation of the peripheral portion on an axial end of the peripheral portion of the filter held on the pin, then a step of separating the filter from the pin. | 2,400 |
339,270 | 16,800,148 | 3,735 | There is provided a pack (10) for a product (12) which is sealingly retained in a volume defined by first and second films (13, 14) sealingly secured about a periphery. The pack has an openable portion through which a liquid contained in the product (12) can be dispensed. One of the films (14) has a pre-formed hinge (20) across at least part of the volume to assist folding of, and liquid extraction from, the product (12). The pre-formed hinge (20) may be in the form of a pre-formed fold line. | 1-16. (canceled) 17. A pack comprising a sealed package containing a squeezable product, the package having a first openable portion and being at least partially flexible to enable squeezing of the package to facilitate dispensing of a liquid or particulate material emanating from the product via the first openable portion once opened, wherein the pack has at least one formation for improving the dispensing of the liquid or particulate material and wherein the package comprises one or more films which are fluid-tight and which fully enclose a volume in which the product is sealingly retained, wherein said one or more films comprises a flexible first film and a second film, which films are sealingly joined to each other about a periphery thereby fully enclosing said volume in which the product is sealingly retained and wherein said at least one formation comprises an extended tongue projecting from the second film adjacent the first openable portion, the extended tongue being formed with a depression for collecting liquid or particulate material dispensed after opening the pack. 18. The pack as claimed in claim 17, wherein the second film is flexible but less flexible than the first film and has sufficient structural integrity to hold the shape of the depression formed in the extended tongue. 19. The pack as claimed in claim 18, wherein the first openable portion comprises at least one of the films having a grippable tab which can be manipulated to break the joint between the films at a predetermined location. 20. The pack as claimed in claim 19, wherein the joint between the films has different strengths along said periphery and the joint includes a first seal portion in the region of the first openable portion which is relatively weak compared to second seal portions on each side of the first seal portion, whereby the stronger second seal portions resist separation of the films beyond a predetermined amount so as to limit the first openable portion to a size which prevents removal of the product. 21. The pack as claimed in claim 19, wherein the package has a second openable portion at a position spaced from the first openable portion, the second openable portion comprising at least one of the films having a further grippable tab which can be manipulated to break the joint between the films at a second predetermined location. 22. The pack as claimed in claim 21, wherein the joint between the films has a third seal portion in the region of the second openable portion which is relatively weak compared to fourth seal portions on each side of the third seal portion, whereby the stronger fourth seal portions resist separation of the films beyond a second predetermined amount which is greater than said first predetermined amount so as to limit the size of the second openable portion. 23. The pack as claimed in claim 18, wherein the first film extends and seals over the depression prior to opening of the first openable portion. 24. The pack as claimed in claim 17, wherein the squeezable product comprises an absorbent substrate in which the liquid is contained. 25. The pack as claimed in claim 17, wherein the pack contains the liquid without an absorbent substrate. 26. The pack as claimed in claim 24, wherein the absorbent substrate is a non-memory foam. 27. The pack as claimed in claim 24, wherein the absorbent substrate is a memory foam. 28. The pack as claimed in claim 17, wherein the second film includes a pre-formed fold line extending from the first openable portion across at least part of said volume enclosed by the package. 29. The pack as claimed in claim 28, wherein the product is substantially disc shaped and the preformed fold line extends at least partly across a diameter of the package. 30. The pack as claimed in claim 20, wherein the package has a second openable portion at a position spaced from the first openable portion, the second openable portion comprising at least one of the films having a further grippable tab which can be manipulated to break the joint between the films at a second predetermined location. 31. The pack as claimed in claim 30, wherein the joint between the films has a third seal portion in the region of the second openable portion which is relatively weak compared to fourth seal portions on each side of the third seal portion, whereby the stronger fourth seal portions resist separation of the films beyond a second predetermined amount which is greater than said first predetermined amount so as to limit the size of the second openable portion. 32. The pack as claimed in claim 19, wherein the first film extends and seals over the depression prior to opening of the first openable portion. 33. The pack as claimed in claim 21, wherein the first film extends and seals over the depression prior to opening of the first openable portion. 34. The pack as claimed in claim 18, wherein the squeezable product comprises an absorbent substrate in which the liquid is contained. 35. The pack as claimed in claim 34, wherein the absorbent substrate is a non-memory foam. 36. The pack as claimed in claim 35, wherein the second film includes a pre-formed fold line extending from the first openable portion across at least part of said volume enclosed by the package. | There is provided a pack (10) for a product (12) which is sealingly retained in a volume defined by first and second films (13, 14) sealingly secured about a periphery. The pack has an openable portion through which a liquid contained in the product (12) can be dispensed. One of the films (14) has a pre-formed hinge (20) across at least part of the volume to assist folding of, and liquid extraction from, the product (12). The pre-formed hinge (20) may be in the form of a pre-formed fold line.1-16. (canceled) 17. A pack comprising a sealed package containing a squeezable product, the package having a first openable portion and being at least partially flexible to enable squeezing of the package to facilitate dispensing of a liquid or particulate material emanating from the product via the first openable portion once opened, wherein the pack has at least one formation for improving the dispensing of the liquid or particulate material and wherein the package comprises one or more films which are fluid-tight and which fully enclose a volume in which the product is sealingly retained, wherein said one or more films comprises a flexible first film and a second film, which films are sealingly joined to each other about a periphery thereby fully enclosing said volume in which the product is sealingly retained and wherein said at least one formation comprises an extended tongue projecting from the second film adjacent the first openable portion, the extended tongue being formed with a depression for collecting liquid or particulate material dispensed after opening the pack. 18. The pack as claimed in claim 17, wherein the second film is flexible but less flexible than the first film and has sufficient structural integrity to hold the shape of the depression formed in the extended tongue. 19. The pack as claimed in claim 18, wherein the first openable portion comprises at least one of the films having a grippable tab which can be manipulated to break the joint between the films at a predetermined location. 20. The pack as claimed in claim 19, wherein the joint between the films has different strengths along said periphery and the joint includes a first seal portion in the region of the first openable portion which is relatively weak compared to second seal portions on each side of the first seal portion, whereby the stronger second seal portions resist separation of the films beyond a predetermined amount so as to limit the first openable portion to a size which prevents removal of the product. 21. The pack as claimed in claim 19, wherein the package has a second openable portion at a position spaced from the first openable portion, the second openable portion comprising at least one of the films having a further grippable tab which can be manipulated to break the joint between the films at a second predetermined location. 22. The pack as claimed in claim 21, wherein the joint between the films has a third seal portion in the region of the second openable portion which is relatively weak compared to fourth seal portions on each side of the third seal portion, whereby the stronger fourth seal portions resist separation of the films beyond a second predetermined amount which is greater than said first predetermined amount so as to limit the size of the second openable portion. 23. The pack as claimed in claim 18, wherein the first film extends and seals over the depression prior to opening of the first openable portion. 24. The pack as claimed in claim 17, wherein the squeezable product comprises an absorbent substrate in which the liquid is contained. 25. The pack as claimed in claim 17, wherein the pack contains the liquid without an absorbent substrate. 26. The pack as claimed in claim 24, wherein the absorbent substrate is a non-memory foam. 27. The pack as claimed in claim 24, wherein the absorbent substrate is a memory foam. 28. The pack as claimed in claim 17, wherein the second film includes a pre-formed fold line extending from the first openable portion across at least part of said volume enclosed by the package. 29. The pack as claimed in claim 28, wherein the product is substantially disc shaped and the preformed fold line extends at least partly across a diameter of the package. 30. The pack as claimed in claim 20, wherein the package has a second openable portion at a position spaced from the first openable portion, the second openable portion comprising at least one of the films having a further grippable tab which can be manipulated to break the joint between the films at a second predetermined location. 31. The pack as claimed in claim 30, wherein the joint between the films has a third seal portion in the region of the second openable portion which is relatively weak compared to fourth seal portions on each side of the third seal portion, whereby the stronger fourth seal portions resist separation of the films beyond a second predetermined amount which is greater than said first predetermined amount so as to limit the size of the second openable portion. 32. The pack as claimed in claim 19, wherein the first film extends and seals over the depression prior to opening of the first openable portion. 33. The pack as claimed in claim 21, wherein the first film extends and seals over the depression prior to opening of the first openable portion. 34. The pack as claimed in claim 18, wherein the squeezable product comprises an absorbent substrate in which the liquid is contained. 35. The pack as claimed in claim 34, wherein the absorbent substrate is a non-memory foam. 36. The pack as claimed in claim 35, wherein the second film includes a pre-formed fold line extending from the first openable portion across at least part of said volume enclosed by the package. | 3,700 |
339,271 | 16,800,146 | 3,735 | Systems and methods of generating, storing and/or distributing electric power are disclosed. The system may include two or more direct current battery subsystems, a direct current motor/alternating current generator combination, an electric power distribution network, and battery recharging elements. One battery subsystem may power an alternating current generator while the other battery subsystem charges using a portion of the generated power. Excess power may service other electric loads. The roles of the battery subsystems may be switched periodically between charging and powering, repeatedly. | 1.-12. (canceled) 13. An electric power system comprising:
an electric battery subsystem; a switching subsystem coupled to the electric battery subsystem; an inverter coupled to the switching subsystem and the electric battery subsystem; an electric power distribution subsystem coupled to the inverter, the electric power distribution subsystem including an outlet load line configured to be connected to an electric load; a rectifier subsystem coupled to the electric power distribution subsystem; an electrically powered function control subsystem coupled to the rectifier subsystem, the electrically powered function control subsystem including a processor and memory; a capacitor subsystem coupled to the electrically powered function control subsystem; an electric motor coupled to the electrically powered function control subsystem; an electric generator subsystem including an electric generator, the electric generator operatively connected to, and receiving input rotational motion from, the electric motor, wherein output rotational speed of the electric motor and input rotational speed provided to the electric generator are invariable with respect to one another; and a battery charge controller subsystem coupled to the electric generator subsystem, the switching subsystem, the inverter, and the electric battery subsystem. 14. The electric power system of claim 13, wherein the electric battery system has a first pole with a first polarity and a second pole with a second polarity; the switching subsystem coupled to the first pole of the electric battery system; the battery charge controller subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem and the second pole of the electric battery system; the inverter subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem and the second pole of the battery subsystem. 15. The electric power system of claim 13, wherein a rotational speed of the electric motor is set to optimize power depletion of the electric battery system for a predetermined level of available power on the outlet load. 16. The electric power system of claim 13, wherein the electrically powered function control subsystem provides automatic adjustment of the relative rotational speed of the electric motor. 17. The electric power system of claim 13, wherein the electrically powered function control subsystem automatically sets an upper limit on available power for the outlet load line based on electric power output of the electric generator and recharging requirements of the electric battery system. 18. The electric power system of claim 13, wherein the inverter shuts down the DC electric motor wherein the system is powered by the battery subsystem and when the battery subsystem discharges to a predetermined level, the inverter restarts the DC electric motor. 19. An electric power system comprising:
an electric battery subsystem; a switching subsystem coupled to the electric battery subsystem; an inverter coupled to the switching subsystem and the electric battery subsystem; a first electric power distribution subsystem coupled to the inverter, the first electric power distribution subsystem including an outlet load line configured to be connected to an electric load; a rectifier subsystem coupled to the first electric power distribution subsystem; an electrically powered function control subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem, the inverter subsystem, and the electric battery subsystem, the electrically powered function control subsystem including a processor and memory; a capacitor subsystem coupled to the electrically powered function control subsystem; an electric motor coupled to the electrically powered function control subsystem; an electric generator subsystem including an electric generator, the electric generator operatively connected to, and receiving input rotational motion from, the electric motor, wherein output rotational speed of the electric motor and input rotational speed provided to the electric generator are invariable with respect to one another; and a second electric power distribution subsystem coupled to the electric generator subsystem and the inverter subsystem. 20. The electric power system of claim 18, wherein the electric battery system has a first pole with a first polarity and a second pole with a second polarity; the switching subsystem coupled to the first pole of the electric battery system; the electrically powered function control subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem and the second pole of the electric battery system; the inverter subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem, and the second pole of the electric battery system. 21. The electric power system of claim 19, wherein a rotational speed of the electric motor is set to optimize power depletion of the electric battery system for a predetermined level of available power on the outlet load. 22. The electric power system of claim 19, wherein the electrically powered function control subsystem provides automatic adjustment of the relative rotational speed of the electric motor. 23. The electric power system of claim 19, wherein the electrically powered function control subsystem automatically sets an upper limit on available power for the outlet load line based on electric power output of the electric generator and recharging requirements of the electric battery system. 24. The electric power system of claim 19, wherein the inverter shuts down the DC electric motor wherein the system is powered by the battery subsystem and when the battery subsystem discharges to a predetermined level, the inverter restarts the DC electric motor. 25. An electric power system comprising:
an electric battery subsystem; a switching subsystem coupled to the electric battery subsystem; a rectifier subsystem coupled to the electric battery subsystem; a breaker subsystem coupled to the rectifier subsystem; an electrically powered function control subsystem coupled to the rectifier subsystem, the electrically powered function control subsystem including a processor and memory; a capacitor subsystem coupled to the electrically powered function control subsystem; an electric motor coupled to the electrically powered function control subsystem; an electric generator subsystem including an electric generator, the electric generator operatively connected to, and receiving input rotational motion from, the electric motor, wherein output rotational speed of the electric motor and input rotational speed provided to the electric generator are invariable with respect to one another; an inverter subsystem coupled to the electric generator subsystem; an electric power distribution subsystem coupled to the inverter subsystem and the breaker system, the electric power distribution subsystem including an outlet load line configured to be connected to an electric load; and a battery charge controller subsystem coupled to the electric generator subsystem and the electric battery subsystem. 26. The electric power system of claim 25, wherein the electric battery system has a first pole with a first polarity and a second pole with a second polarity; the switching subsystem coupled to the first pole of the electric battery system; the electrically powered function control subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem and the second pole of the electric battery system; the inverter subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem, and the second pole of the electric battery system. 27. The electric power system of claim 25, wherein a rotational speed of the electric motor is set to optimize power depletion of the electric battery system for a predetermined level of available power on the outlet load. 28. The electric power system of claim 25, wherein the electrically powered function control subsystem provides automatic adjustment of the relative rotational speed of the electric motor. 29. The electric power system of claim 25, wherein the electrically powered function control subsystem automatically sets an upper limit on available power for the outlet load line based on electric power output of the electric generator and recharging requirements of the electric battery system. 30.-40. (canceled) | Systems and methods of generating, storing and/or distributing electric power are disclosed. The system may include two or more direct current battery subsystems, a direct current motor/alternating current generator combination, an electric power distribution network, and battery recharging elements. One battery subsystem may power an alternating current generator while the other battery subsystem charges using a portion of the generated power. Excess power may service other electric loads. The roles of the battery subsystems may be switched periodically between charging and powering, repeatedly.1.-12. (canceled) 13. An electric power system comprising:
an electric battery subsystem; a switching subsystem coupled to the electric battery subsystem; an inverter coupled to the switching subsystem and the electric battery subsystem; an electric power distribution subsystem coupled to the inverter, the electric power distribution subsystem including an outlet load line configured to be connected to an electric load; a rectifier subsystem coupled to the electric power distribution subsystem; an electrically powered function control subsystem coupled to the rectifier subsystem, the electrically powered function control subsystem including a processor and memory; a capacitor subsystem coupled to the electrically powered function control subsystem; an electric motor coupled to the electrically powered function control subsystem; an electric generator subsystem including an electric generator, the electric generator operatively connected to, and receiving input rotational motion from, the electric motor, wherein output rotational speed of the electric motor and input rotational speed provided to the electric generator are invariable with respect to one another; and a battery charge controller subsystem coupled to the electric generator subsystem, the switching subsystem, the inverter, and the electric battery subsystem. 14. The electric power system of claim 13, wherein the electric battery system has a first pole with a first polarity and a second pole with a second polarity; the switching subsystem coupled to the first pole of the electric battery system; the battery charge controller subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem and the second pole of the electric battery system; the inverter subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem and the second pole of the battery subsystem. 15. The electric power system of claim 13, wherein a rotational speed of the electric motor is set to optimize power depletion of the electric battery system for a predetermined level of available power on the outlet load. 16. The electric power system of claim 13, wherein the electrically powered function control subsystem provides automatic adjustment of the relative rotational speed of the electric motor. 17. The electric power system of claim 13, wherein the electrically powered function control subsystem automatically sets an upper limit on available power for the outlet load line based on electric power output of the electric generator and recharging requirements of the electric battery system. 18. The electric power system of claim 13, wherein the inverter shuts down the DC electric motor wherein the system is powered by the battery subsystem and when the battery subsystem discharges to a predetermined level, the inverter restarts the DC electric motor. 19. An electric power system comprising:
an electric battery subsystem; a switching subsystem coupled to the electric battery subsystem; an inverter coupled to the switching subsystem and the electric battery subsystem; a first electric power distribution subsystem coupled to the inverter, the first electric power distribution subsystem including an outlet load line configured to be connected to an electric load; a rectifier subsystem coupled to the first electric power distribution subsystem; an electrically powered function control subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem, the inverter subsystem, and the electric battery subsystem, the electrically powered function control subsystem including a processor and memory; a capacitor subsystem coupled to the electrically powered function control subsystem; an electric motor coupled to the electrically powered function control subsystem; an electric generator subsystem including an electric generator, the electric generator operatively connected to, and receiving input rotational motion from, the electric motor, wherein output rotational speed of the electric motor and input rotational speed provided to the electric generator are invariable with respect to one another; and a second electric power distribution subsystem coupled to the electric generator subsystem and the inverter subsystem. 20. The electric power system of claim 18, wherein the electric battery system has a first pole with a first polarity and a second pole with a second polarity; the switching subsystem coupled to the first pole of the electric battery system; the electrically powered function control subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem and the second pole of the electric battery system; the inverter subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem, and the second pole of the electric battery system. 21. The electric power system of claim 19, wherein a rotational speed of the electric motor is set to optimize power depletion of the electric battery system for a predetermined level of available power on the outlet load. 22. The electric power system of claim 19, wherein the electrically powered function control subsystem provides automatic adjustment of the relative rotational speed of the electric motor. 23. The electric power system of claim 19, wherein the electrically powered function control subsystem automatically sets an upper limit on available power for the outlet load line based on electric power output of the electric generator and recharging requirements of the electric battery system. 24. The electric power system of claim 19, wherein the inverter shuts down the DC electric motor wherein the system is powered by the battery subsystem and when the battery subsystem discharges to a predetermined level, the inverter restarts the DC electric motor. 25. An electric power system comprising:
an electric battery subsystem; a switching subsystem coupled to the electric battery subsystem; a rectifier subsystem coupled to the electric battery subsystem; a breaker subsystem coupled to the rectifier subsystem; an electrically powered function control subsystem coupled to the rectifier subsystem, the electrically powered function control subsystem including a processor and memory; a capacitor subsystem coupled to the electrically powered function control subsystem; an electric motor coupled to the electrically powered function control subsystem; an electric generator subsystem including an electric generator, the electric generator operatively connected to, and receiving input rotational motion from, the electric motor, wherein output rotational speed of the electric motor and input rotational speed provided to the electric generator are invariable with respect to one another; an inverter subsystem coupled to the electric generator subsystem; an electric power distribution subsystem coupled to the inverter subsystem and the breaker system, the electric power distribution subsystem including an outlet load line configured to be connected to an electric load; and a battery charge controller subsystem coupled to the electric generator subsystem and the electric battery subsystem. 26. The electric power system of claim 25, wherein the electric battery system has a first pole with a first polarity and a second pole with a second polarity; the switching subsystem coupled to the first pole of the electric battery system; the electrically powered function control subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem and the second pole of the electric battery system; the inverter subsystem coupled to the switching subsystem, and the second pole of the electric battery system. 27. The electric power system of claim 25, wherein a rotational speed of the electric motor is set to optimize power depletion of the electric battery system for a predetermined level of available power on the outlet load. 28. The electric power system of claim 25, wherein the electrically powered function control subsystem provides automatic adjustment of the relative rotational speed of the electric motor. 29. The electric power system of claim 25, wherein the electrically powered function control subsystem automatically sets an upper limit on available power for the outlet load line based on electric power output of the electric generator and recharging requirements of the electric battery system. 30.-40. (canceled) | 3,700 |
339,272 | 16,800,186 | 3,735 | A method of regenerating an etch solution comprising a metastable complex of manganese(III) ions in a strong acid is described in which at least a portion of the manganese(III) ions in the metastable complex have been destabilized, causing them to disproportionate into manganese dioxide and manganese(II) ions. The method includes the steps of i) adding an effective amount of a reducing agent to the solution; ii) allowing the reducing agent to react with the solution to cause manganese dioxide to dissolve; and (iii) applying an electrical current to regenerate manganese(III) ions in the solution. | 1. A method of regenerating an etch solution comprising a metastable complex of manganese(III) ions in a strong acid, wherein at least a portion of the manganese(III) ions have been destabilized, causing them to disproportionate into manganese dioxide and manganese(II) ions, the method comprising the steps of:
a. adding an effective amount of a reducing agent for the Mn(IV) of the manganese dioxide to the etch solution; b. allowing the reducing agent to react with the etch solution to cause the Mn(IV) in the manganese dioxide to be reduced to Mn(II) and to dissolve; and c. applying an electrical current through an anode and a cathode in the etch solution to regenerate manganese(III) ions in the etch solution from manganese(II) ions;
wherein the etch solution is at least substantially free of permanganate ions. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid, formic acid and combinations of one or more of the foregoing. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the reducing agent comprises hydrogen peroxide. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the amount of hydrogen peroxide added to the solution is in the range of about 0.5 ml of hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight) per liter of etch solution, to about 10 ml of hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight) per liter of etch solution. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the amount of hydrogen peroxide added to the solution is in the range of about 2 ml of hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight) per liter of etch solution, to about 7 ml of hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight) per liter of etch solution. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the reducing agent comprises oxalic acid or formic acid. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the amount of oxalic acid or formic acid added to the solution is in the range of about 1 g/L to about 10 g/L. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the amount of oxalic acid or formic acid added to the solution is in the range of about 2 g/L to about 7 g/L. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the amount of reducing agent is added to the etch solution and the reducing agent allowed to react with the etch solution and, thereafter, an additional amount of the reducing agent is added to the etch solution and allowed to react with the etch solution. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent is allowed to react with the etch solution for at least 30 minutes. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent is allowed to react with the etch solution until all of the manganese dioxide in the solution has been dissolved. 12. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of heating the etch solution after the reducing agent has been added to the etch solution. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the etch solution is heated to a temperature of between about 30° C. and about 100° C. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the etch solution is heated to a temperature of between about 60° C. and about 80° C. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the etch solution is diverted from a process tank containing the etch solution into a separate electrolytic cell and the portion of the etch solution which is diverted is regenerated and then recycled back into the process tank. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the portion of the etch solution that is diverted from the process tank is approximately 10% of the working volume of the process tank. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein additional portions of etch solution are diverted from the process, whereby the etch solution can be continuously treated. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the strong acid comprises sulfuric acid. 19. A method of regenerating an etch solution comprising a metastable complex of manganese(III) ions in at least one acid, wherein the at least one acid comprises sulfuric acid and further comprises method sulfonic acid or methane disulfonic acid, wherein at least a portion of the manganese(III) ions have been destabilized, causing them to disproportionate into manganese dioxide and manganese(II) ions, the method comprising the steps of:
a. adding an effective amount of a reducing agent for the Mn(IV) of the manganese dioxide to the etch solution; b. allowing the reducing agent to react with the etch solution to cause the Mn(IV) in the manganese dioxide to be reduced to Mn(II) and to dissolve; and c. applying an electrical current through an anode and a cathode in the etch solution to regenerate manganese(III) ions in the etch solution from manganese(II) ions. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the etch solution is at least substantially free of permanganate ions. | A method of regenerating an etch solution comprising a metastable complex of manganese(III) ions in a strong acid is described in which at least a portion of the manganese(III) ions in the metastable complex have been destabilized, causing them to disproportionate into manganese dioxide and manganese(II) ions. The method includes the steps of i) adding an effective amount of a reducing agent to the solution; ii) allowing the reducing agent to react with the solution to cause manganese dioxide to dissolve; and (iii) applying an electrical current to regenerate manganese(III) ions in the solution.1. A method of regenerating an etch solution comprising a metastable complex of manganese(III) ions in a strong acid, wherein at least a portion of the manganese(III) ions have been destabilized, causing them to disproportionate into manganese dioxide and manganese(II) ions, the method comprising the steps of:
a. adding an effective amount of a reducing agent for the Mn(IV) of the manganese dioxide to the etch solution; b. allowing the reducing agent to react with the etch solution to cause the Mn(IV) in the manganese dioxide to be reduced to Mn(II) and to dissolve; and c. applying an electrical current through an anode and a cathode in the etch solution to regenerate manganese(III) ions in the etch solution from manganese(II) ions;
wherein the etch solution is at least substantially free of permanganate ions. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid, formic acid and combinations of one or more of the foregoing. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the reducing agent comprises hydrogen peroxide. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the amount of hydrogen peroxide added to the solution is in the range of about 0.5 ml of hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight) per liter of etch solution, to about 10 ml of hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight) per liter of etch solution. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the amount of hydrogen peroxide added to the solution is in the range of about 2 ml of hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight) per liter of etch solution, to about 7 ml of hydrogen peroxide (35% by weight) per liter of etch solution. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the reducing agent comprises oxalic acid or formic acid. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the amount of oxalic acid or formic acid added to the solution is in the range of about 1 g/L to about 10 g/L. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the amount of oxalic acid or formic acid added to the solution is in the range of about 2 g/L to about 7 g/L. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the amount of reducing agent is added to the etch solution and the reducing agent allowed to react with the etch solution and, thereafter, an additional amount of the reducing agent is added to the etch solution and allowed to react with the etch solution. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent is allowed to react with the etch solution for at least 30 minutes. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent is allowed to react with the etch solution until all of the manganese dioxide in the solution has been dissolved. 12. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of heating the etch solution after the reducing agent has been added to the etch solution. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the etch solution is heated to a temperature of between about 30° C. and about 100° C. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the etch solution is heated to a temperature of between about 60° C. and about 80° C. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the etch solution is diverted from a process tank containing the etch solution into a separate electrolytic cell and the portion of the etch solution which is diverted is regenerated and then recycled back into the process tank. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the portion of the etch solution that is diverted from the process tank is approximately 10% of the working volume of the process tank. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein additional portions of etch solution are diverted from the process, whereby the etch solution can be continuously treated. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the strong acid comprises sulfuric acid. 19. A method of regenerating an etch solution comprising a metastable complex of manganese(III) ions in at least one acid, wherein the at least one acid comprises sulfuric acid and further comprises method sulfonic acid or methane disulfonic acid, wherein at least a portion of the manganese(III) ions have been destabilized, causing them to disproportionate into manganese dioxide and manganese(II) ions, the method comprising the steps of:
a. adding an effective amount of a reducing agent for the Mn(IV) of the manganese dioxide to the etch solution; b. allowing the reducing agent to react with the etch solution to cause the Mn(IV) in the manganese dioxide to be reduced to Mn(II) and to dissolve; and c. applying an electrical current through an anode and a cathode in the etch solution to regenerate manganese(III) ions in the etch solution from manganese(II) ions. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the etch solution is at least substantially free of permanganate ions. | 3,700 |
339,273 | 16,800,149 | 3,735 | A surgical stapling device for sequentially applying a plurality of fasteners to body tissue and simultaneously incising tissue is provided. The surgical stapling device is adapted to receive disposable loading units having staples in linear rows whose length can be between about 30 mm and 60 mm. The disposable loading unit includes a proximal body portion, a mounting assembly and a tool assembly. The mounting assembly is secured to the proximal end of the tool assembly and pivotally mounted about a pivot axis to the distal end of the proximal body portion. A support member or blow-out plate assembly is positioned on opposite sides of the pivot axis and extends between the proximal body portion and the mounting assembly. | 1. (canceled) 2. A surgical stapling device comprising:
a proximal body portion defining a longitudinal axis, the proximal body portion having a proximal end portion and a distal end portion; a tool assembly supported on a distal end portion of the proximal body portion, the tool assembly including a cartridge assembly and an anvil assembly, the cartridge assembly supporting a plurality of staples; a drive member movable within the proximal body portion between a retracted position and an advanced position; and a locking member secured to the drive member, the locking member engaged with the proximal body portion to retain the drive member in the retracted position, the locking member being movable to a position disengaged from the proximal body portion upon application of a predetermined force to the drive member. 3. The stapling device of claim 2, wherein the locking member includes first and second legs connected by a cross member. 4. The stapling device of claim 3, wherein the drive member defines a slot and the cross member is positioned within the slot of the drive member. 5. The stapling device of claim 3, wherein each of the first and second legs includes a lateral protrusion. 6. The surgical stapling device of claim 5, wherein the proximal body portion defines recesses, the lateral protrusions received within the recesses when the locking member is engaged with the proximal body portion until the predetermined force is applied to the drive member. 7. The stapling device of claim 6, wherein the lateral protrusions of the locking member and the recesses formed in the proximal body portion are configured such that movement of the lateral protrusions from the recesses provides an audible and tactile indication that the stapling device has been actuated. 8. The stapling device of claim 1, further including a handle assembly and an elongated body portion coupled to the handle assembly, the proximal body portion releasably coupled to the elongated body portion. 9. A surgical stapling device comprising:
a proximal body portion defining a longitudinal axis, the proximal body portion having a proximal end portion and a distal end portion; a tool assembly supported on the distal end portion of the elongated body portion; a drive member movable within the proximal body portion from a retracted position to an advanced position; and a locking member supported on the drive member, the locking member being releasably secured within the proximal body portion and configured to prevent axial movement of the drive member from the retracted position towards the advanced position, the locking member being movable to a position disengaged from the proximal body portion upon application of a predetermined force to the drive member to facilitate movement of the drive member from the retracted position to the advanced position; wherein the locking member includes first and second legs connected by a cross member and a body having a generally H-shaped configuration. 10. The stapling device of claim 9, wherein the locking member includes a pair of arms, each of the arms of the pair of arms extending transversely from the body of the locking member in relation to the first and second legs. 11. The stapling device of claim 9, wherein the tool assembly is pivotally supported at the distal end portion of the proximal body portion about a pivot axis extending transversely in relation to the longitudinal axis of the proximal body portion. 12. The stapling device of claim 11, further including a support member positioned adjacent the pivot axis on a side of the drive member, the support member having a first end fixedly attached to the tool assembly, and a second end fixedly attached to the proximal body portion, the support member lengthening as the tool assembly pivots. 13. The stapling device of claim 9, wherein the tool assembly includes a cartridge assembly and an anvil assembly, the cartridge assembly including a plurality of staples. 14. The stapling device of claim 9, further including a handle assembly and an elongated body portion coupled to the handle assembly, the proximal body portion releasably coupled to the elongated body portion. 15. The surgical stapling device of claim 9, wherein the proximal body portion defines recesses, wherein the lateral protrusions are received within the recesses when the locking member is engaged with the proximal body portion until the predetermined force is applied to the drive member. 16. The stapling device of claim 15, wherein the lateral protrusions of the locking member and the recesses formed in the proximal body portion are configured such that movement of the lateral protrusions from the recesses provides an audible and tactile indication that the stapling device has been actuated. | A surgical stapling device for sequentially applying a plurality of fasteners to body tissue and simultaneously incising tissue is provided. The surgical stapling device is adapted to receive disposable loading units having staples in linear rows whose length can be between about 30 mm and 60 mm. The disposable loading unit includes a proximal body portion, a mounting assembly and a tool assembly. The mounting assembly is secured to the proximal end of the tool assembly and pivotally mounted about a pivot axis to the distal end of the proximal body portion. A support member or blow-out plate assembly is positioned on opposite sides of the pivot axis and extends between the proximal body portion and the mounting assembly.1. (canceled) 2. A surgical stapling device comprising:
a proximal body portion defining a longitudinal axis, the proximal body portion having a proximal end portion and a distal end portion; a tool assembly supported on a distal end portion of the proximal body portion, the tool assembly including a cartridge assembly and an anvil assembly, the cartridge assembly supporting a plurality of staples; a drive member movable within the proximal body portion between a retracted position and an advanced position; and a locking member secured to the drive member, the locking member engaged with the proximal body portion to retain the drive member in the retracted position, the locking member being movable to a position disengaged from the proximal body portion upon application of a predetermined force to the drive member. 3. The stapling device of claim 2, wherein the locking member includes first and second legs connected by a cross member. 4. The stapling device of claim 3, wherein the drive member defines a slot and the cross member is positioned within the slot of the drive member. 5. The stapling device of claim 3, wherein each of the first and second legs includes a lateral protrusion. 6. The surgical stapling device of claim 5, wherein the proximal body portion defines recesses, the lateral protrusions received within the recesses when the locking member is engaged with the proximal body portion until the predetermined force is applied to the drive member. 7. The stapling device of claim 6, wherein the lateral protrusions of the locking member and the recesses formed in the proximal body portion are configured such that movement of the lateral protrusions from the recesses provides an audible and tactile indication that the stapling device has been actuated. 8. The stapling device of claim 1, further including a handle assembly and an elongated body portion coupled to the handle assembly, the proximal body portion releasably coupled to the elongated body portion. 9. A surgical stapling device comprising:
a proximal body portion defining a longitudinal axis, the proximal body portion having a proximal end portion and a distal end portion; a tool assembly supported on the distal end portion of the elongated body portion; a drive member movable within the proximal body portion from a retracted position to an advanced position; and a locking member supported on the drive member, the locking member being releasably secured within the proximal body portion and configured to prevent axial movement of the drive member from the retracted position towards the advanced position, the locking member being movable to a position disengaged from the proximal body portion upon application of a predetermined force to the drive member to facilitate movement of the drive member from the retracted position to the advanced position; wherein the locking member includes first and second legs connected by a cross member and a body having a generally H-shaped configuration. 10. The stapling device of claim 9, wherein the locking member includes a pair of arms, each of the arms of the pair of arms extending transversely from the body of the locking member in relation to the first and second legs. 11. The stapling device of claim 9, wherein the tool assembly is pivotally supported at the distal end portion of the proximal body portion about a pivot axis extending transversely in relation to the longitudinal axis of the proximal body portion. 12. The stapling device of claim 11, further including a support member positioned adjacent the pivot axis on a side of the drive member, the support member having a first end fixedly attached to the tool assembly, and a second end fixedly attached to the proximal body portion, the support member lengthening as the tool assembly pivots. 13. The stapling device of claim 9, wherein the tool assembly includes a cartridge assembly and an anvil assembly, the cartridge assembly including a plurality of staples. 14. The stapling device of claim 9, further including a handle assembly and an elongated body portion coupled to the handle assembly, the proximal body portion releasably coupled to the elongated body portion. 15. The surgical stapling device of claim 9, wherein the proximal body portion defines recesses, wherein the lateral protrusions are received within the recesses when the locking member is engaged with the proximal body portion until the predetermined force is applied to the drive member. 16. The stapling device of claim 15, wherein the lateral protrusions of the locking member and the recesses formed in the proximal body portion are configured such that movement of the lateral protrusions from the recesses provides an audible and tactile indication that the stapling device has been actuated. | 3,700 |
339,274 | 16,800,151 | 1,652 | The present invention relates to enhancing mechanical properties of tissue such as collagenous or collagen-containing or elastin-containing tissue (e.g., tendons, ligaments, and cartilage) and treating related musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal conditions or injuries. | 1. A method for (i) improving a mechanical property of a tissue or a component thereof or (ii) regenerating an injured or diseased tissue or developing embryonic/fetal tissue or a component thereof in a subject or (iii) enhance mechanical properties of a healthy tissue, comprising applying a mechanical stimulation to the tissue or cells therein. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising increasing a level of lysyl oxidase (LOX) activity in the tissue. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said mechanical stimulation comprises one or more of a dynamic stimulation, a cyclic stimulation, a static stimulation, a deformation, a tensile stimulation, a compressive stimulation, a torsion stimulation, a shear stimulation, substrate stiffness, a mechanical loading, a static loading, a dynamic loading, a cyclic loading, a compression, shear, torsion, and deformation. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the tissue is a natural tissue, an engineered tissue, an embryonic tissue, a postnatal tissue, a tissue in vitro, or a tissue in vivo. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the tissue is a collagenous or collagen-containing tissue. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the mechanical property is selected from the group consisting of elastic modulus, tensile strength, torsional strength, elongation to break, hardness, compressive strength, burst strength, toughness, impact strength, torsion, failure load, and stiffness. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the LOX activity is an activity of a LOX polypeptide or a LOX-like (LOXL) polypeptide. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein said increasing a level of lysyl oxidase activity comprises delivering to the tissue an agent selected from the group consisting of a LOX or LOXL (LOX/LOXL) polypeptide, a pre-proLOX/LOXL polypeptide, a proLOX/LOXL polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding one or more of said polypeptides, a viral particle having said nucleic acid, an engineered cell having said nucleic acid, BMP-1, Fibronectin, Tolloid, Copper, Vitamin B6, Ascorbic acid, and Procollagen c proteinase. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering a population of cells to the tissue. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the cells are (i) collagen-producing or elastin-producing cells or progenitor cells thereof or (ii) engineered to release a specific factor that directly or indirectly promotes LOX/LOXL or pro-LOX/pro-LOXL gene expression, LOX/LOXL or pro-LOX/pro-LOXL protein expression, or LOX/LOXL enzyme activity. 11. A method for (i) improving a mechanical property of a tissue or a component thereof or (ii) regenerating an injured tissue, a diseased or developing embryonic/fetal tissue, or a component thereof in a subject, comprising increasing a level of LOX activity in the tissue. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising applying a mechanical stimulation to the tissue or cells therein. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said mechanical stimulation comprises one or more of a dynamic stimulation, a cyclic stimulation, a static stimulation, a deformation, a tensile stimulation, a compressive stimulation, a torsion stimulation, a shear stimulation, substrate stiffness, a mechanical loading, a static loading, a dynamic loading, a cyclic loading, a compression, shear, torsion, and deformation. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the tissue is a natural tissue, an engineered tissue, a tissue in vitro, or a tissue in vivo. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the tissue is a collagenous or collagen-containing tissue. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the mechanical property is selected from the group consisting of elastic modulus, tensile strength, torsional strength, elongation to break, hardness, compressive strength, burst strength, toughness, impact strength, torsion, failure load, and stiffness. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the LOX activity is an activity of a LOX polypeptide or a LOXL polypeptide. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein said increasing a level of LOX activity comprises delivering to the tissue an agent selected from the group consisting of a LOX or LOXL (LOX/LOXL) polypeptide, a pre-proLOX/LOXL polypeptide, a proLOX/LOXL polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding one or more of said polypeptides, a viral particle having said nucleic acid, an engineered cell expressing having said nucleic acid, BMP-1, Fibronectin, Tolloid, Copper, Vitamin B6, Ascorbic acid, and Procollagen c proteinase. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising administering a population of cells to the tissue. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the cells are (i) collagen-producing cells, elastin-producing cells or progenitor cells thereof or (ii) engineered to release a specific factor that directly or indirectly promotes LOX/LOXL gene expression, LOX/LOXL protein expression, or LOX/LOXL enzyme activity. 21. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) a LOX/LOXL enhancer, and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. 22. A kit comprising a LOX/LOXL enhancer and a packaging material. | The present invention relates to enhancing mechanical properties of tissue such as collagenous or collagen-containing or elastin-containing tissue (e.g., tendons, ligaments, and cartilage) and treating related musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal conditions or injuries.1. A method for (i) improving a mechanical property of a tissue or a component thereof or (ii) regenerating an injured or diseased tissue or developing embryonic/fetal tissue or a component thereof in a subject or (iii) enhance mechanical properties of a healthy tissue, comprising applying a mechanical stimulation to the tissue or cells therein. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising increasing a level of lysyl oxidase (LOX) activity in the tissue. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said mechanical stimulation comprises one or more of a dynamic stimulation, a cyclic stimulation, a static stimulation, a deformation, a tensile stimulation, a compressive stimulation, a torsion stimulation, a shear stimulation, substrate stiffness, a mechanical loading, a static loading, a dynamic loading, a cyclic loading, a compression, shear, torsion, and deformation. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the tissue is a natural tissue, an engineered tissue, an embryonic tissue, a postnatal tissue, a tissue in vitro, or a tissue in vivo. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the tissue is a collagenous or collagen-containing tissue. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the mechanical property is selected from the group consisting of elastic modulus, tensile strength, torsional strength, elongation to break, hardness, compressive strength, burst strength, toughness, impact strength, torsion, failure load, and stiffness. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the LOX activity is an activity of a LOX polypeptide or a LOX-like (LOXL) polypeptide. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein said increasing a level of lysyl oxidase activity comprises delivering to the tissue an agent selected from the group consisting of a LOX or LOXL (LOX/LOXL) polypeptide, a pre-proLOX/LOXL polypeptide, a proLOX/LOXL polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding one or more of said polypeptides, a viral particle having said nucleic acid, an engineered cell having said nucleic acid, BMP-1, Fibronectin, Tolloid, Copper, Vitamin B6, Ascorbic acid, and Procollagen c proteinase. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering a population of cells to the tissue. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the cells are (i) collagen-producing or elastin-producing cells or progenitor cells thereof or (ii) engineered to release a specific factor that directly or indirectly promotes LOX/LOXL or pro-LOX/pro-LOXL gene expression, LOX/LOXL or pro-LOX/pro-LOXL protein expression, or LOX/LOXL enzyme activity. 11. A method for (i) improving a mechanical property of a tissue or a component thereof or (ii) regenerating an injured tissue, a diseased or developing embryonic/fetal tissue, or a component thereof in a subject, comprising increasing a level of LOX activity in the tissue. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising applying a mechanical stimulation to the tissue or cells therein. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said mechanical stimulation comprises one or more of a dynamic stimulation, a cyclic stimulation, a static stimulation, a deformation, a tensile stimulation, a compressive stimulation, a torsion stimulation, a shear stimulation, substrate stiffness, a mechanical loading, a static loading, a dynamic loading, a cyclic loading, a compression, shear, torsion, and deformation. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the tissue is a natural tissue, an engineered tissue, a tissue in vitro, or a tissue in vivo. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the tissue is a collagenous or collagen-containing tissue. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the mechanical property is selected from the group consisting of elastic modulus, tensile strength, torsional strength, elongation to break, hardness, compressive strength, burst strength, toughness, impact strength, torsion, failure load, and stiffness. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the LOX activity is an activity of a LOX polypeptide or a LOXL polypeptide. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein said increasing a level of LOX activity comprises delivering to the tissue an agent selected from the group consisting of a LOX or LOXL (LOX/LOXL) polypeptide, a pre-proLOX/LOXL polypeptide, a proLOX/LOXL polypeptide, a nucleic acid encoding one or more of said polypeptides, a viral particle having said nucleic acid, an engineered cell expressing having said nucleic acid, BMP-1, Fibronectin, Tolloid, Copper, Vitamin B6, Ascorbic acid, and Procollagen c proteinase. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising administering a population of cells to the tissue. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the cells are (i) collagen-producing cells, elastin-producing cells or progenitor cells thereof or (ii) engineered to release a specific factor that directly or indirectly promotes LOX/LOXL gene expression, LOX/LOXL protein expression, or LOX/LOXL enzyme activity. 21. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) a LOX/LOXL enhancer, and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. 22. A kit comprising a LOX/LOXL enhancer and a packaging material. | 1,600 |
339,275 | 16,800,143 | 1,652 | An embedded-object scanner device includes a sensing device housed in a housing and configured to sense one or more embedded objects embedded in a target material, and a display device provided on the housing. The display device is configured to collectively display multiple sets of display data generated in multiple sensing operations performed by the sensing device. | 1. An embedded-object scanner device, comprising:
a housing; a sensing device housed in the housing and configured to sense one or more embedded objects embedded in a target material; and a display device provided on the housing, the display device being configured to collectively display multiple sets of display data (D1 r, D2 r, D3 r) generated in multiple sensing operations performed by the sensing device. 2. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 1, wherein the display device is configured to display the multiple sets of display data in an aligned state. 3. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 1, wherein:
the sensing device is configured to sense, while being moved in a left-right direction, a surface of the target material; and each of the sensing operations comprises manually moving the sensing device in the left-right direction across the surface of the target material. 4. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 3, wherein the sensing operations include:
a first sensing operation that comprises manually moving the sensing device in the left-right direction across a first area (AR1) of the surface of the target material, and a second sensing operation that comprises manually moving the sensing device in the left-right direction across a second area (AR1) of the surface of the target material. 5. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 4, wherein the first area and the second area are defined in an up-down direction and are non-overlapping. 6. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 5, further comprising a guidance part disposed on the housing and configured to serve as a guide for the position of the housing in the up-down direction. 7. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 1, wherein the display device is configured to scroll the multiple sets of display data (D1 r, D2 r, D3 r) across a display screen in a synchronized manner. 8. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 7, further comprising:
rollers rotatably mounted on the housing and configured to rotate in response to the rollers contacting a surface of the target material and the embedded-object scanner device being moved across the surface of the target material; wherein the display device is configured to scroll the multiple sets of display data (D1 r, D2 r, D3 r) across the display screen synchronized with rotation of the rollers. 9. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 8, wherein each of the sensing operations comprises manually moving the sensing device across the surface of the target material while rotating the rollers. 10. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a control device configured to output control instructions for starting and terminating of each of the multiple sensing operations; and a storage that stores sensed data generated by the sensing device based on the control instructions. 11. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 10, wherein the control device is configured to output the control instructions based on a detected distance between the sensing device and a surface of the target material. 12. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a battery-mounting part on the housing, and a battery for a power tool mounted on the battery-mounting part. 13. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a control device configured to output control instructions for starting and terminating of each of the multiple sensing operations; and a storage that stores sensed data generated by the sensing device based on the control instructions. 14. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 13, wherein the control device is configured to output the control instructions based on a detected distance between the sensing device and a surface of the target material. 15. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 14, wherein:
the display device is configured to display the multiple sets of display data in an aligned state; and the sensing device is configured to sense, while being moved in a first linear direction across the surface of the target material, embedded objects underneath the surface of the target material. 16. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 15, wherein the control device and storage are configured to collect and store sensed data from at least:
a first sensing operation that comprises manually moving the sensing device in the first linear direction across a first area (AR1) of the surface of the target material, and a second sensing operation that comprises manually moving the sensing device in the first linear direction across a second area (AR1) of the surface of the target material; and wherein the first area and the second area are non-overlapping in a second linear direction that is perpendicular to the first linear direction. 17. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 16, further comprising a guidance part disposed on the housing and configured to serve as a guide for the position of the housing in the second linear direction. 18. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 1, further comprising:
rollers rotatably mounted on the housing and configured to rotate in response to the rollers contacting a surface of the target material and the embedded-object scanner device being moved across the surface of the target material; and a rotation sensor configured to detect a rotational direction and a rotational speed of at least one of the rollers; wherein: each of the sensing operations comprises manually moving the sensing device across the surface of the target material while rotating the rollers, and the multiple sets of display data are generated based at least in part on (i) sensed data generated by the sensing device and (ii) sensed data generated by the rotation sensor in the multiple sensing operations. 19. A wall scanner, comprising:
a housing; a radar device housed in the housing, the radar device being configured to: (i) emit radio waves, (ii) receive radio waves reflected from embedded objects underneath a surface of a target material and (iii) output sensed data representative of the received reflected radio waves; a controller configured to: (i) process the sensed data to identify embedded objects underneath the surface of the target material, and (ii) store a plurality of sets of display data concerning shapes and locations of the identified embedded object(s) generated in a plurality of sensing operations; and a display provided on the housing, the controller and display being configured to collectively display at least two sets of display data (D1 r, D2 r, D3 r) generated in the plurality of sensing operations in a single display image at the same time. 20. A method for scanning for embedded objects underneath a surface of a target material, comprising:
(i) emitting sensing waves from a wall scanner towards the target material while manually moving the wall scanner across a first portion of the surface of the target material; (ii) receiving reflected sensing waves in the wall scanner; (iii) processing the reflected sensing waves in the wall scanner to identify shapes and locations of embedded objects underneath the first portion of the surface of the target material; (iv) storing, in the wall scanner, display data concerning the identified shapes and locations of the embedded objects underneath the first portion of the surface of the target material; (v) repeating steps (i)-(iv) across a second portion of the surface of the target material that differs from the first portion of the surface of the target material; and (vi) collectively displaying the display data for the first and second portions of the surface of the target material in a single display image on a display of the wall scanner at the same time. | An embedded-object scanner device includes a sensing device housed in a housing and configured to sense one or more embedded objects embedded in a target material, and a display device provided on the housing. The display device is configured to collectively display multiple sets of display data generated in multiple sensing operations performed by the sensing device.1. An embedded-object scanner device, comprising:
a housing; a sensing device housed in the housing and configured to sense one or more embedded objects embedded in a target material; and a display device provided on the housing, the display device being configured to collectively display multiple sets of display data (D1 r, D2 r, D3 r) generated in multiple sensing operations performed by the sensing device. 2. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 1, wherein the display device is configured to display the multiple sets of display data in an aligned state. 3. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 1, wherein:
the sensing device is configured to sense, while being moved in a left-right direction, a surface of the target material; and each of the sensing operations comprises manually moving the sensing device in the left-right direction across the surface of the target material. 4. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 3, wherein the sensing operations include:
a first sensing operation that comprises manually moving the sensing device in the left-right direction across a first area (AR1) of the surface of the target material, and a second sensing operation that comprises manually moving the sensing device in the left-right direction across a second area (AR1) of the surface of the target material. 5. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 4, wherein the first area and the second area are defined in an up-down direction and are non-overlapping. 6. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 5, further comprising a guidance part disposed on the housing and configured to serve as a guide for the position of the housing in the up-down direction. 7. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 1, wherein the display device is configured to scroll the multiple sets of display data (D1 r, D2 r, D3 r) across a display screen in a synchronized manner. 8. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 7, further comprising:
rollers rotatably mounted on the housing and configured to rotate in response to the rollers contacting a surface of the target material and the embedded-object scanner device being moved across the surface of the target material; wherein the display device is configured to scroll the multiple sets of display data (D1 r, D2 r, D3 r) across the display screen synchronized with rotation of the rollers. 9. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 8, wherein each of the sensing operations comprises manually moving the sensing device across the surface of the target material while rotating the rollers. 10. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a control device configured to output control instructions for starting and terminating of each of the multiple sensing operations; and a storage that stores sensed data generated by the sensing device based on the control instructions. 11. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 10, wherein the control device is configured to output the control instructions based on a detected distance between the sensing device and a surface of the target material. 12. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a battery-mounting part on the housing, and a battery for a power tool mounted on the battery-mounting part. 13. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a control device configured to output control instructions for starting and terminating of each of the multiple sensing operations; and a storage that stores sensed data generated by the sensing device based on the control instructions. 14. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 13, wherein the control device is configured to output the control instructions based on a detected distance between the sensing device and a surface of the target material. 15. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 14, wherein:
the display device is configured to display the multiple sets of display data in an aligned state; and the sensing device is configured to sense, while being moved in a first linear direction across the surface of the target material, embedded objects underneath the surface of the target material. 16. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 15, wherein the control device and storage are configured to collect and store sensed data from at least:
a first sensing operation that comprises manually moving the sensing device in the first linear direction across a first area (AR1) of the surface of the target material, and a second sensing operation that comprises manually moving the sensing device in the first linear direction across a second area (AR1) of the surface of the target material; and wherein the first area and the second area are non-overlapping in a second linear direction that is perpendicular to the first linear direction. 17. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 16, further comprising a guidance part disposed on the housing and configured to serve as a guide for the position of the housing in the second linear direction. 18. The embedded-object scanner device according to claim 1, further comprising:
rollers rotatably mounted on the housing and configured to rotate in response to the rollers contacting a surface of the target material and the embedded-object scanner device being moved across the surface of the target material; and a rotation sensor configured to detect a rotational direction and a rotational speed of at least one of the rollers; wherein: each of the sensing operations comprises manually moving the sensing device across the surface of the target material while rotating the rollers, and the multiple sets of display data are generated based at least in part on (i) sensed data generated by the sensing device and (ii) sensed data generated by the rotation sensor in the multiple sensing operations. 19. A wall scanner, comprising:
a housing; a radar device housed in the housing, the radar device being configured to: (i) emit radio waves, (ii) receive radio waves reflected from embedded objects underneath a surface of a target material and (iii) output sensed data representative of the received reflected radio waves; a controller configured to: (i) process the sensed data to identify embedded objects underneath the surface of the target material, and (ii) store a plurality of sets of display data concerning shapes and locations of the identified embedded object(s) generated in a plurality of sensing operations; and a display provided on the housing, the controller and display being configured to collectively display at least two sets of display data (D1 r, D2 r, D3 r) generated in the plurality of sensing operations in a single display image at the same time. 20. A method for scanning for embedded objects underneath a surface of a target material, comprising:
(i) emitting sensing waves from a wall scanner towards the target material while manually moving the wall scanner across a first portion of the surface of the target material; (ii) receiving reflected sensing waves in the wall scanner; (iii) processing the reflected sensing waves in the wall scanner to identify shapes and locations of embedded objects underneath the first portion of the surface of the target material; (iv) storing, in the wall scanner, display data concerning the identified shapes and locations of the embedded objects underneath the first portion of the surface of the target material; (v) repeating steps (i)-(iv) across a second portion of the surface of the target material that differs from the first portion of the surface of the target material; and (vi) collectively displaying the display data for the first and second portions of the surface of the target material in a single display image on a display of the wall scanner at the same time. | 1,600 |
339,276 | 16,800,183 | 1,652 | An illuminating module includes a light source assembly and a first lens unit. The light source assembly is configured to produce a light beam, wherein the light beam has a first central optical axis. The first lens unit has a first lens optical axis, the light beam passing through the first lens unit is formed to be an illuminating beam, the illuminating beam has a second central optical axis, and the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis. An optical apparatus is also provided, including the illuminating module, an optical modulation module and a light guiding module. The illuminating beam passes through the optical modulation module to be an image beam having an image. The image beam travels in the light guiding module, leaves the light guiding module and is received by user's eyes. | 1. An illuminating module for an optical apparatus, comprising:
a light source assembly configured to produce a light beam, wherein the light beam has a first central optical axis; and a first lens unit having a first lens optical axis, wherein the light beam passing through the first lens unit is formed to be an illuminating beam, the illuminating beam has a second central optical axis, and the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis; wherein the optical apparatus comprises an optical modulation module and a light guiding module, the illuminating beam passes through the optical modulation module to be an image beam having an image, and the image beam travels in the light guiding module, leaves the light guiding module and is received by user's eyes. 2. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first lens optical axis intersects with the first central optical axis or the first lens optical axis and the first central optical axis are in parallel without coinciding with each other so that the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis. 3. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 2, wherein an angle at which the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis satisfies the following condition:
3 degrees≤θ≤8 degrees, where θ is the angle at which the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis. 4. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the optical modulation module comprises a second lens unit, the second lens unit has a second lens optical axis, the image beam outputted by the optical optical axis and the third central optical axis are in parallel and are spaced a distance on an incident plane or intersect with each other. 5. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis are in parallel and are spaced the distance on the incident plane, the distance satisfies the following condition:
α′=tan−1(S/G), where α′ is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module, S is the distance at which the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis are spaced, and G is a focal length of the second lens unit. 6. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the optical modulation module comprises a second lens unit, the second lens unit has a second lens optical axis, the image beam outputted by the optical modulation module has a third central optical axis, and the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis intersect with each other. 7. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the image beam enters the light guiding module at an incident angle, and the incident angle satisfies the following condition:
0 degrees<α<90 degrees, where α is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module. 8. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the image beam enters the light guiding module at an incident angle, and the incident angle satisfies the following condition:
0 degrees<α<10 degrees, where α is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module. 9. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 8, wherein the light source assembly comprises:
a light source configured to emit light; a collimated element configured to collimate the light to be a collimated beam; a light uniformizer configured to uniformize the collimated beam to be the light beam having the first central optical axis; a light valve configured to add image information to the illuminating beam to produce the image beam; and a beam combiner configured to guide the illuminating beam from the illuminating module to the light valve and guide the image beam from the light valve to the second lens unit; wherein the second lens unit is configured to allow the image beam to pass through and project the image beam to the light guiding module. 10. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the light guiding module comprises a diffraction-type light guiding plate. 11. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the image beam enters the light guiding module at an incident angle, and the incident angle satisfies the following condition:
0 degrees<α<1.5 degrees, where α is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module. 12. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the optical modulation module comprises a second lens unit, the second lens unit has a second lens optical axis, the image beam outputted by the optical modulation module has a third central optical axis, the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis are in parallel and are spaced a distance on an incident plane, and the distance satisfies the following condition:
α′=tan−1(S/G), where α′ is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module, S is the distance at which the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis are spaced, and G is a focal length of the second lens unit. 13. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the optical modulation module comprises a second lens unit, the second lens unit has a second lens optical axis, the image beam outputted by the optical modulation module has a third central optical axis, and the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis intersect with each other. 14. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the incident angle further satisfies the following condition:
0 degrees<α<90 degrees, where α is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module. 15. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first lens optical axis and the first central optical axis are in parallel without coinciding with each other so that the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis. 16. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 15, wherein an angle at which the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis satisfies the following condition:
3 degrees≤θ≤8 degrees, where η is the angle at which the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis. 17. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first lens optical axis intersects with the first central optical axis so that the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis. 18. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 17, wherein an angle at which the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis satisfies the following condition:
3 degrees≤θ≤8 degrees,
where θ is the angle at which the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis;
the incident angle satisfies the following condition:
0 degrees<α<1.5 degrees,
where α is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module;
when the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis are in parallel and are spaced the distance on the incident plane, the distance satisfies the following condition:
α′=tan−1(S/G),
where α′ is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module, S is the distance at which the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis are spaced, and G is a focal length of the second lens unit. | An illuminating module includes a light source assembly and a first lens unit. The light source assembly is configured to produce a light beam, wherein the light beam has a first central optical axis. The first lens unit has a first lens optical axis, the light beam passing through the first lens unit is formed to be an illuminating beam, the illuminating beam has a second central optical axis, and the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis. An optical apparatus is also provided, including the illuminating module, an optical modulation module and a light guiding module. The illuminating beam passes through the optical modulation module to be an image beam having an image. The image beam travels in the light guiding module, leaves the light guiding module and is received by user's eyes.1. An illuminating module for an optical apparatus, comprising:
a light source assembly configured to produce a light beam, wherein the light beam has a first central optical axis; and a first lens unit having a first lens optical axis, wherein the light beam passing through the first lens unit is formed to be an illuminating beam, the illuminating beam has a second central optical axis, and the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis; wherein the optical apparatus comprises an optical modulation module and a light guiding module, the illuminating beam passes through the optical modulation module to be an image beam having an image, and the image beam travels in the light guiding module, leaves the light guiding module and is received by user's eyes. 2. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first lens optical axis intersects with the first central optical axis or the first lens optical axis and the first central optical axis are in parallel without coinciding with each other so that the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis. 3. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 2, wherein an angle at which the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis satisfies the following condition:
3 degrees≤θ≤8 degrees, where θ is the angle at which the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis. 4. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the optical modulation module comprises a second lens unit, the second lens unit has a second lens optical axis, the image beam outputted by the optical optical axis and the third central optical axis are in parallel and are spaced a distance on an incident plane or intersect with each other. 5. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis are in parallel and are spaced the distance on the incident plane, the distance satisfies the following condition:
α′=tan−1(S/G), where α′ is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module, S is the distance at which the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis are spaced, and G is a focal length of the second lens unit. 6. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the optical modulation module comprises a second lens unit, the second lens unit has a second lens optical axis, the image beam outputted by the optical modulation module has a third central optical axis, and the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis intersect with each other. 7. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the image beam enters the light guiding module at an incident angle, and the incident angle satisfies the following condition:
0 degrees<α<90 degrees, where α is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module. 8. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the image beam enters the light guiding module at an incident angle, and the incident angle satisfies the following condition:
0 degrees<α<10 degrees, where α is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module. 9. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 8, wherein the light source assembly comprises:
a light source configured to emit light; a collimated element configured to collimate the light to be a collimated beam; a light uniformizer configured to uniformize the collimated beam to be the light beam having the first central optical axis; a light valve configured to add image information to the illuminating beam to produce the image beam; and a beam combiner configured to guide the illuminating beam from the illuminating module to the light valve and guide the image beam from the light valve to the second lens unit; wherein the second lens unit is configured to allow the image beam to pass through and project the image beam to the light guiding module. 10. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the light guiding module comprises a diffraction-type light guiding plate. 11. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the image beam enters the light guiding module at an incident angle, and the incident angle satisfies the following condition:
0 degrees<α<1.5 degrees, where α is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module. 12. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the optical modulation module comprises a second lens unit, the second lens unit has a second lens optical axis, the image beam outputted by the optical modulation module has a third central optical axis, the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis are in parallel and are spaced a distance on an incident plane, and the distance satisfies the following condition:
α′=tan−1(S/G), where α′ is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module, S is the distance at which the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis are spaced, and G is a focal length of the second lens unit. 13. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the optical modulation module comprises a second lens unit, the second lens unit has a second lens optical axis, the image beam outputted by the optical modulation module has a third central optical axis, and the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis intersect with each other. 14. The optical apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the incident angle further satisfies the following condition:
0 degrees<α<90 degrees, where α is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module. 15. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first lens optical axis and the first central optical axis are in parallel without coinciding with each other so that the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis. 16. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 15, wherein an angle at which the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis satisfies the following condition:
3 degrees≤θ≤8 degrees, where η is the angle at which the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis. 17. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first lens optical axis intersects with the first central optical axis so that the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis. 18. The illuminating module as claimed in claim 17, wherein an angle at which the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis satisfies the following condition:
3 degrees≤θ≤8 degrees,
where θ is the angle at which the second central optical axis intersects with the first lens optical axis;
the incident angle satisfies the following condition:
0 degrees<α<1.5 degrees,
where α is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module;
when the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis are in parallel and are spaced the distance on the incident plane, the distance satisfies the following condition:
α′=tan−1(S/G),
where α′ is the incident angle at which the image beam enters the light guiding module, S is the distance at which the second lens optical axis and the third central optical axis are spaced, and G is a focal length of the second lens unit. | 1,600 |
339,277 | 16,800,191 | 2,697 | A light control device 10 includes a pair of electrodes 611 and 612 and a stacked structure body 613′ of a plurality of light control layers 613 sandwiched by the pair of electrodes 611 and 612; and each light control layer 613 has a stacked structure of a first insulating layer 614, a first nanocarbon film 615 doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, a second insulating layer 617, and a second nanocarbon film 616 doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity. | 1. A light control device comprising:
a pair of electrodes; and a stacked structure body in which M (provided that M≥2) light control layers sandwiched by the pair of electrodes are stacked, wherein an m-th light control layer (provided that 1≤m≤(M−1)) has a stacked structure of a first insulating layer, a first nanocarbon film doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, a second insulating layer, and a second nanocarbon film doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, an M-th light control layer has a stacked structure of the first insulating layer, the first nanocarbon film doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, the second insulating layer, the second nanocarbon film doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, and a third insulating layer, and a voltage different from a voltage applied to the first nanocarbon film is applied to the second nanocarbon film. 2. An imaging element comprising:
a light receiving element; and a light control device disposed on a light incidence side of the light receiving element, wherein the light control device includes
a pair of electrodes, and
a stacked structure body in which M (provided that M≥2) light control layers sandwiched by the pair of electrodes are stacked,
an m-th light control layer (provided that 1≤m≤(M−1)) has a stacked structure of a first insulating layer, a first nanocarbon film doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, a second insulating layer, and a second nanocarbon film doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, an M-th light control layer has a stacked structure of the first insulating layer, the first nanocarbon film doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, the second insulating layer, the second nanocarbon film doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, and a third insulating layer, and a voltage different from a voltage applied to the first nanocarbon film is applied to the second nanocarbon film. 3. An imaging device comprising imaging elements arranged in a two-dimensional matrix configuration, wherein
at least part of the imaging elements arranged in a two-dimensional matrix configuration include a light receiving element and a light control device disposed on a light incidence side of the light receiving element, the light control device includes
a pair of electrodes, and
a stacked structure body in which M (provided that M≥2) light control layers sandwiched by the pair of electrodes are stacked,
an m-th light control layer (provided that 1≤m≤(M−1)) has a stacked structure of a first insulating layer, a first nanocarbon film doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, a second insulating layer, and a second nanocarbon film doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, an M-th light control layer has a stacked structure of the first insulating layer, the first nanocarbon film doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, the second insulating layer, the second nanocarbon film doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, and a third insulating layer, and a voltage different from a voltage applied to the first nanocarbon film is applied to the second nanocarbon film. 4. The imaging device according to claim 3, wherein the pair of electrodes are shared between imaging elements including the light control device. 5. The imaging device according to claim 3, wherein the pair of electrodes shared between imaging elements including the light control device are provided to be also shared with an imaging element not including the light control device. | A light control device 10 includes a pair of electrodes 611 and 612 and a stacked structure body 613′ of a plurality of light control layers 613 sandwiched by the pair of electrodes 611 and 612; and each light control layer 613 has a stacked structure of a first insulating layer 614, a first nanocarbon film 615 doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, a second insulating layer 617, and a second nanocarbon film 616 doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity.1. A light control device comprising:
a pair of electrodes; and a stacked structure body in which M (provided that M≥2) light control layers sandwiched by the pair of electrodes are stacked, wherein an m-th light control layer (provided that 1≤m≤(M−1)) has a stacked structure of a first insulating layer, a first nanocarbon film doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, a second insulating layer, and a second nanocarbon film doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, an M-th light control layer has a stacked structure of the first insulating layer, the first nanocarbon film doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, the second insulating layer, the second nanocarbon film doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, and a third insulating layer, and a voltage different from a voltage applied to the first nanocarbon film is applied to the second nanocarbon film. 2. An imaging element comprising:
a light receiving element; and a light control device disposed on a light incidence side of the light receiving element, wherein the light control device includes
a pair of electrodes, and
a stacked structure body in which M (provided that M≥2) light control layers sandwiched by the pair of electrodes are stacked,
an m-th light control layer (provided that 1≤m≤(M−1)) has a stacked structure of a first insulating layer, a first nanocarbon film doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, a second insulating layer, and a second nanocarbon film doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, an M-th light control layer has a stacked structure of the first insulating layer, the first nanocarbon film doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, the second insulating layer, the second nanocarbon film doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, and a third insulating layer, and a voltage different from a voltage applied to the first nanocarbon film is applied to the second nanocarbon film. 3. An imaging device comprising imaging elements arranged in a two-dimensional matrix configuration, wherein
at least part of the imaging elements arranged in a two-dimensional matrix configuration include a light receiving element and a light control device disposed on a light incidence side of the light receiving element, the light control device includes
a pair of electrodes, and
a stacked structure body in which M (provided that M≥2) light control layers sandwiched by the pair of electrodes are stacked,
an m-th light control layer (provided that 1≤m≤(M−1)) has a stacked structure of a first insulating layer, a first nanocarbon film doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, a second insulating layer, and a second nanocarbon film doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, an M-th light control layer has a stacked structure of the first insulating layer, the first nanocarbon film doped with an n-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, the second insulating layer, the second nanocarbon film doped with a p-type impurity or not doped with an impurity, and a third insulating layer, and a voltage different from a voltage applied to the first nanocarbon film is applied to the second nanocarbon film. 4. The imaging device according to claim 3, wherein the pair of electrodes are shared between imaging elements including the light control device. 5. The imaging device according to claim 3, wherein the pair of electrodes shared between imaging elements including the light control device are provided to be also shared with an imaging element not including the light control device. | 2,600 |
339,278 | 16,800,139 | 2,697 | Methods for generating enucleated erythroid cells using pluripotent stem cells are provided. The methods permit the production of large numbers of cells. The cells obtained by the methods disclosed may be used for a variety of research, clinical, and therapeutic applications. Methods for generating megakaryocyte and platelets are also provided. | 1-83. (canceled) 84. A method of producing a human pluripotent stem cell-derived megakaryocyte or a human pluripotent stem cell-derived platelet, the method comprising:
(a) culturing a human pluripotent stem cell in a culture media comprising bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP-4) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), or both, and inducing formation of the pluripotent stem cell into an embryoid body, in the absence of thrombopoietin (TPO), Flt-3L (FL) or stem cell factor (SCF); (b) culturing the embryoid body in a semi-solid culture media comprising at least two growth factors selected from the group consisting of insulin, transferrin, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), FLT3 (FL), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP-4), and generating a hemangioblast, a non-engrafting hemangio cell, or a blast cell from the embryoid body; and (c) culturing the hemangioblast, the non-engrafting hemangio cell, or the blast cell in a megakaryocyte (MK) culture media comprising TPO, thereby generating a megakaryocyte or a platelet. 85. The method of claim 84, further comprising disaggregating the embryoid body of step (a) to generate a disaggregated embryoid body. 86. The method of claim 84, wherein the human pluripotent stem cell is an embryonic stem cell or an embryo-derived cell. 87. The method of claim 84, wherein the human pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 88. The method of claim 84, wherein the human pluripotent stem cell is cultured in the culture media comprising BMP-4, or VEGF, or both in step (a) for at least the first 48 hours of cell culture. 89. The method of claim 84, wherein the culture media in step (a) further comprises one or more growth factors selected from the group consisting of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), erythropoietin (EPO), and combinations thereof. 90. The method of claim 89, wherein the human pluripotent stem cell is cultured in step (a) in a culture media further comprising the one or more growth factors selected from the group consisting of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), erythropoietin (EPO), and combinations thereof within 48-72 hours of cell culture. 91. The method of claim 84, wherein the embryoid body in step (b) is cultured in the culture media comprising at least two growth factors, for at least 10-13 days. 92. The method of claim 84, wherein the culture media in step (b) further comprises EPO. 93. The method of claim 84, wherein the culture media in step (a) or step (b) further comprises a fusion protein that comprises HOXB4 and a protein transduction domain (PTD). 94. The method of claim 93, wherein the HOXB4 is a mammalian HOXB4. 95. The method of claim 84, wherein the hemangioblast, the non-engrafting hemangio cell, or the blast cell in step (c) are cultured for at least 6 to 8 days. 96. The method of claim 84, wherein the culture media throughout steps (a)-(c) is serum-free. 97. The method of claim 84, wherein the cultures of step (a) and step (b) are cultured under low attachment conditions. 98. The method of claim 84, wherein the culture media of step (b) further comprises methylcellulose. 99. The method of claim 84, wherein the culture media throughout steps (a)-(b) is feeder-free. 100. The method of claim 84, wherein the human pluripotent stem cell is genetically manipulated prior to differentiation. 101. The method of claim 84, wherein the hemangioblast, the non-engrafting hemangio cell, or the blast cell is expanded prior to being differentiated into a megakaryocyte or a platelet. 102. The method of claim 101, wherein the hemangioblast, the non-engrafting hemangio cell, or the blast cell is expanded in a culture media comprising erythropoietin (EPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and stem cell factor (SCF). 103. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least 1×106 megakaryocytes or platelets produced by the method of claim 84. | Methods for generating enucleated erythroid cells using pluripotent stem cells are provided. The methods permit the production of large numbers of cells. The cells obtained by the methods disclosed may be used for a variety of research, clinical, and therapeutic applications. Methods for generating megakaryocyte and platelets are also provided.1-83. (canceled) 84. A method of producing a human pluripotent stem cell-derived megakaryocyte or a human pluripotent stem cell-derived platelet, the method comprising:
(a) culturing a human pluripotent stem cell in a culture media comprising bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP-4) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), or both, and inducing formation of the pluripotent stem cell into an embryoid body, in the absence of thrombopoietin (TPO), Flt-3L (FL) or stem cell factor (SCF); (b) culturing the embryoid body in a semi-solid culture media comprising at least two growth factors selected from the group consisting of insulin, transferrin, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), FLT3 (FL), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP-4), and generating a hemangioblast, a non-engrafting hemangio cell, or a blast cell from the embryoid body; and (c) culturing the hemangioblast, the non-engrafting hemangio cell, or the blast cell in a megakaryocyte (MK) culture media comprising TPO, thereby generating a megakaryocyte or a platelet. 85. The method of claim 84, further comprising disaggregating the embryoid body of step (a) to generate a disaggregated embryoid body. 86. The method of claim 84, wherein the human pluripotent stem cell is an embryonic stem cell or an embryo-derived cell. 87. The method of claim 84, wherein the human pluripotent stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell. 88. The method of claim 84, wherein the human pluripotent stem cell is cultured in the culture media comprising BMP-4, or VEGF, or both in step (a) for at least the first 48 hours of cell culture. 89. The method of claim 84, wherein the culture media in step (a) further comprises one or more growth factors selected from the group consisting of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), erythropoietin (EPO), and combinations thereof. 90. The method of claim 89, wherein the human pluripotent stem cell is cultured in step (a) in a culture media further comprising the one or more growth factors selected from the group consisting of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), erythropoietin (EPO), and combinations thereof within 48-72 hours of cell culture. 91. The method of claim 84, wherein the embryoid body in step (b) is cultured in the culture media comprising at least two growth factors, for at least 10-13 days. 92. The method of claim 84, wherein the culture media in step (b) further comprises EPO. 93. The method of claim 84, wherein the culture media in step (a) or step (b) further comprises a fusion protein that comprises HOXB4 and a protein transduction domain (PTD). 94. The method of claim 93, wherein the HOXB4 is a mammalian HOXB4. 95. The method of claim 84, wherein the hemangioblast, the non-engrafting hemangio cell, or the blast cell in step (c) are cultured for at least 6 to 8 days. 96. The method of claim 84, wherein the culture media throughout steps (a)-(c) is serum-free. 97. The method of claim 84, wherein the cultures of step (a) and step (b) are cultured under low attachment conditions. 98. The method of claim 84, wherein the culture media of step (b) further comprises methylcellulose. 99. The method of claim 84, wherein the culture media throughout steps (a)-(b) is feeder-free. 100. The method of claim 84, wherein the human pluripotent stem cell is genetically manipulated prior to differentiation. 101. The method of claim 84, wherein the hemangioblast, the non-engrafting hemangio cell, or the blast cell is expanded prior to being differentiated into a megakaryocyte or a platelet. 102. The method of claim 101, wherein the hemangioblast, the non-engrafting hemangio cell, or the blast cell is expanded in a culture media comprising erythropoietin (EPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and stem cell factor (SCF). 103. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least 1×106 megakaryocytes or platelets produced by the method of claim 84. | 2,600 |
339,279 | 16,800,180 | 2,827 | A semiconductor memory device includes a first memory cell which is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, a first bit line connected to the first memory cell, a word line connected to a gate of the first memory cell, a sense amplifier connected to the first bit line, wherein the sense amplifier has at least four data latch circuits, and an extra data latch circuit connected to the sense amplifier through a data bus. A verification operation for verifying the threshold voltage of the first memory cell is performed after a programming operation is performed on the first memory cell, and the verification operation includes seven verification operations during which the four data latch circuits, but not the extra data latch circuit, are accessed. | 1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first memory cell which is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages; a first bit line electrically connected to the first memory cell; a sense amplifier connected to the first bit line, wherein the sense amplifier has at least four data latch circuits; an extra data latch circuit electrically connected to the sense amplifier through a bus; and a controller configured to control a write operation that includes a programming operation for changing the threshold voltage of the first memory cell and a verification operation for verifying the threshold voltage of the first memory cell, wherein the controller is configured to cause, in the programming operation, the extra data latch circuit and at least one of the four data latch circuits to be accessed, and wherein the controller is configured to cause, in the verification operation, the four data latch circuits, but not the extra latch circuit, to be accessed. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the verification operation includes seven verification operations, the device further comprising:
a word line connected to a gate of the first memory cell, wherein the seven verification operations include first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh verification operations, and during the first through seventh verification operations, respective first through seventh verification voltages, which are different from each other, are applied to the word line. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the sense amplifier:
applies a charging voltage to the first bit line during two of the seven verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the first bit line during the remaining five of the seven verification operations. 4. The device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a second memory cell that is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, and which has a gate connected to the word line; and a second bit line connected to the second memory cell, wherein the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the second bit line during two of the remaining five verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the second bit line during the verification operations other than the two of the remaining five verification operations. 5. The device according to claim 4, further comprising:
a third memory cell that is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, and which has a gate connected to the word line; and a third bit line connected to the third memory cell, wherein the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the third bit line during a different two of the remaining five verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the third bit line during the verification operations other than the different two of the remaining five verification operations. 6. The device according to claim 5, further comprising:
a fourth memory cell that is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, and which has a gate connected to the word line; and a fourth bit line connected to the fourth memory cell, wherein the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the fourth bit line during one of the seven verification operations other than said two of the seven verification operations, said two of the remaining five verification operations, and said different two of the remaining five verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the fourth bit line during said two of the seven verification operations, said two of the remaining five verification operations, and said different two of the remaining five verification operations. 7. The device according to claim 2, wherein the seven verification operations respectively correspond to seven of the at least eight threshold voltages. 8. The device according to claim 2,
wherein the first verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing first data in the first memory cell, wherein the second verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing second data different from the first data in the first memory cell, wherein the third verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing third data different from the first and second data in the first memory cell, wherein the fourth verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing fourth data different from the first to third data in the first memory cell, wherein the fifth verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing fifth data different from the first to fourth data in the first memory cell, wherein the sixth verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing sixth data different from the first to fifth data in the first memory cell, and wherein the seventh verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing seventh data different from the first to sixth data in the first memory cell. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein
the programming operation is carried out in a plurality of loops, and the first through seventh verification operations are each carried out following a corresponding one of the programming operations. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein a programming voltage is increased in each subsequent loop. 11. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first memory cell which is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages; a first bit line electrically connected to the first memory cell; a sense amplifier connected to the first bit line, wherein the sense amplifier has at least four data latch circuits; an extra data latch circuit electrically connected to the sense amplifier through a bus; and a controller configured to control a write operation that includes a programming operation for changing the threshold voltage of the first memory cell and a verification operation for verifying the threshold voltage of the first memory cell, wherein the controller is configured to cause, in the programming operation, the extra data latch circuit and at least one of the four data latch circuits to be accessed, wherein the controller is configured to cause, in the verification operation on the first memory cell, the four data latch circuits, but not the extra data latch circuit, to be accessed. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein the verification operation includes seven verification operations, the device further comprising:
a word line connected to a gate of the first memory cell, wherein the seven verification operations include:
a first verification operation in which a first voltage is applied to the word line,
a second verification operation in which a second voltage higher than the first voltage is applied to the word line,
a third verification operation in which a third voltage higher than the second voltage is applied to the word line,
a fourth verification operation in which a fourth voltage higher than the third voltage is applied to the word line,
a fifth verification operation in which a fifth voltage higher than the fourth voltage is applied to the word line,
a sixth verification operation in which a sixth voltage higher than the fifth voltage is applied to the word line, and
a seventh verification operation in which a seventh voltage higher than the sixth voltage is applied to the word line, and
wherein the sense amplifier
applies a charging voltage to the first bit line during two of the seven verification operations, and
does not apply the charging voltage to the first bit line during the remaining five of the seven verification operations. 13. The device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a second memory cell that is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, and which has a gate connected to the word line; and a second bit line connected to the second memory cell, wherein the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the second bit line during two of the remaining five verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the second bit line during the verification operations other than the two of the remaining five verification operations. 14. The device according to claim 13, further comprising:
a third memory cell that is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, and which has a gate connected to the word line; and a third bit line connected to the third memory cell, wherein the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the third bit line during a different two of the remaining five verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the third bit line during the verification operations other than the different two of the remaining five verification operations. 15. The device according to claim 14, further comprising:
a fourth memory cell that is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, and which has a gate connected to the word line; and a fourth bit line connected to the fourth memory cell, wherein the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the fourth bit line during one of the seven verification operations other than said two of the seven verification operations, said two of the remaining five verification operations, and said different two of the remaining five verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the fourth bit line during said two of the seven verification operations, said two of the remaining five verification operations, and said different two of the remaining five verification operations. 16. The device according to claim 11, wherein the seven verification operations respectively correspond to seven of the at least eight threshold voltages. 17. The device according to claim 11,
wherein the first verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing first data in the first memory cell, wherein the second verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing second data different from the first data in the first memory cell, wherein the third verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing third data different from the first and second data in the first memory cell, wherein the fourth verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing fourth data different from the first to third data in the first memory cell, wherein the fifth verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing fifth data different from the first to fourth data in the first memory cell, wherein the sixth verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing sixth data different from the first to fifth data in the first memory cell, and wherein the seventh verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing seventh data different from the first to sixth data in the first memory cell. 18. The device according to claim 17, wherein
the programming operation is carried out in a plurality of loops, and the first to seventh verification operations are each carried out following a corresponding one of the programming operations. 19. The device according to claim 18, wherein a programming voltage is increased in each subsequent loop. 20. The device according to claim 19,
wherein said at least four data latch circuits of the sense amplifier includes a first latch circuit and a second latch circuit, wherein the extra data latch circuit is a third latch circuit that is connected to the sense amplifier via a switching element, and wherein, during the programming operation,
the first latch circuit stores a first bit as first information,
the second latch circuit stores a second bit as second information,
the third latch circuit stores a third bit as third information, and
the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the first bit line based on the first information and second information, and not on the third information. | A semiconductor memory device includes a first memory cell which is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, a first bit line connected to the first memory cell, a word line connected to a gate of the first memory cell, a sense amplifier connected to the first bit line, wherein the sense amplifier has at least four data latch circuits, and an extra data latch circuit connected to the sense amplifier through a data bus. A verification operation for verifying the threshold voltage of the first memory cell is performed after a programming operation is performed on the first memory cell, and the verification operation includes seven verification operations during which the four data latch circuits, but not the extra data latch circuit, are accessed.1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first memory cell which is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages; a first bit line electrically connected to the first memory cell; a sense amplifier connected to the first bit line, wherein the sense amplifier has at least four data latch circuits; an extra data latch circuit electrically connected to the sense amplifier through a bus; and a controller configured to control a write operation that includes a programming operation for changing the threshold voltage of the first memory cell and a verification operation for verifying the threshold voltage of the first memory cell, wherein the controller is configured to cause, in the programming operation, the extra data latch circuit and at least one of the four data latch circuits to be accessed, and wherein the controller is configured to cause, in the verification operation, the four data latch circuits, but not the extra latch circuit, to be accessed. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the verification operation includes seven verification operations, the device further comprising:
a word line connected to a gate of the first memory cell, wherein the seven verification operations include first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh verification operations, and during the first through seventh verification operations, respective first through seventh verification voltages, which are different from each other, are applied to the word line. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the sense amplifier:
applies a charging voltage to the first bit line during two of the seven verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the first bit line during the remaining five of the seven verification operations. 4. The device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a second memory cell that is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, and which has a gate connected to the word line; and a second bit line connected to the second memory cell, wherein the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the second bit line during two of the remaining five verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the second bit line during the verification operations other than the two of the remaining five verification operations. 5. The device according to claim 4, further comprising:
a third memory cell that is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, and which has a gate connected to the word line; and a third bit line connected to the third memory cell, wherein the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the third bit line during a different two of the remaining five verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the third bit line during the verification operations other than the different two of the remaining five verification operations. 6. The device according to claim 5, further comprising:
a fourth memory cell that is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, and which has a gate connected to the word line; and a fourth bit line connected to the fourth memory cell, wherein the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the fourth bit line during one of the seven verification operations other than said two of the seven verification operations, said two of the remaining five verification operations, and said different two of the remaining five verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the fourth bit line during said two of the seven verification operations, said two of the remaining five verification operations, and said different two of the remaining five verification operations. 7. The device according to claim 2, wherein the seven verification operations respectively correspond to seven of the at least eight threshold voltages. 8. The device according to claim 2,
wherein the first verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing first data in the first memory cell, wherein the second verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing second data different from the first data in the first memory cell, wherein the third verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing third data different from the first and second data in the first memory cell, wherein the fourth verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing fourth data different from the first to third data in the first memory cell, wherein the fifth verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing fifth data different from the first to fourth data in the first memory cell, wherein the sixth verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing sixth data different from the first to fifth data in the first memory cell, and wherein the seventh verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing seventh data different from the first to sixth data in the first memory cell. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein
the programming operation is carried out in a plurality of loops, and the first through seventh verification operations are each carried out following a corresponding one of the programming operations. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein a programming voltage is increased in each subsequent loop. 11. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first memory cell which is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages; a first bit line electrically connected to the first memory cell; a sense amplifier connected to the first bit line, wherein the sense amplifier has at least four data latch circuits; an extra data latch circuit electrically connected to the sense amplifier through a bus; and a controller configured to control a write operation that includes a programming operation for changing the threshold voltage of the first memory cell and a verification operation for verifying the threshold voltage of the first memory cell, wherein the controller is configured to cause, in the programming operation, the extra data latch circuit and at least one of the four data latch circuits to be accessed, wherein the controller is configured to cause, in the verification operation on the first memory cell, the four data latch circuits, but not the extra data latch circuit, to be accessed. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein the verification operation includes seven verification operations, the device further comprising:
a word line connected to a gate of the first memory cell, wherein the seven verification operations include:
a first verification operation in which a first voltage is applied to the word line,
a second verification operation in which a second voltage higher than the first voltage is applied to the word line,
a third verification operation in which a third voltage higher than the second voltage is applied to the word line,
a fourth verification operation in which a fourth voltage higher than the third voltage is applied to the word line,
a fifth verification operation in which a fifth voltage higher than the fourth voltage is applied to the word line,
a sixth verification operation in which a sixth voltage higher than the fifth voltage is applied to the word line, and
a seventh verification operation in which a seventh voltage higher than the sixth voltage is applied to the word line, and
wherein the sense amplifier
applies a charging voltage to the first bit line during two of the seven verification operations, and
does not apply the charging voltage to the first bit line during the remaining five of the seven verification operations. 13. The device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a second memory cell that is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, and which has a gate connected to the word line; and a second bit line connected to the second memory cell, wherein the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the second bit line during two of the remaining five verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the second bit line during the verification operations other than the two of the remaining five verification operations. 14. The device according to claim 13, further comprising:
a third memory cell that is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, and which has a gate connected to the word line; and a third bit line connected to the third memory cell, wherein the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the third bit line during a different two of the remaining five verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the third bit line during the verification operations other than the different two of the remaining five verification operations. 15. The device according to claim 14, further comprising:
a fourth memory cell that is capable of being set to any one of at least eight threshold voltages, and which has a gate connected to the word line; and a fourth bit line connected to the fourth memory cell, wherein the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the fourth bit line during one of the seven verification operations other than said two of the seven verification operations, said two of the remaining five verification operations, and said different two of the remaining five verification operations, and does not apply the charging voltage to the fourth bit line during said two of the seven verification operations, said two of the remaining five verification operations, and said different two of the remaining five verification operations. 16. The device according to claim 11, wherein the seven verification operations respectively correspond to seven of the at least eight threshold voltages. 17. The device according to claim 11,
wherein the first verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing first data in the first memory cell, wherein the second verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing second data different from the first data in the first memory cell, wherein the third verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing third data different from the first and second data in the first memory cell, wherein the fourth verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing fourth data different from the first to third data in the first memory cell, wherein the fifth verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing fifth data different from the first to fourth data in the first memory cell, wherein the sixth verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing sixth data different from the first to fifth data in the first memory cell, and wherein the seventh verification operation corresponds to the programming operation for writing seventh data different from the first to sixth data in the first memory cell. 18. The device according to claim 17, wherein
the programming operation is carried out in a plurality of loops, and the first to seventh verification operations are each carried out following a corresponding one of the programming operations. 19. The device according to claim 18, wherein a programming voltage is increased in each subsequent loop. 20. The device according to claim 19,
wherein said at least four data latch circuits of the sense amplifier includes a first latch circuit and a second latch circuit, wherein the extra data latch circuit is a third latch circuit that is connected to the sense amplifier via a switching element, and wherein, during the programming operation,
the first latch circuit stores a first bit as first information,
the second latch circuit stores a second bit as second information,
the third latch circuit stores a third bit as third information, and
the sense amplifier applies the charging voltage to the first bit line based on the first information and second information, and not on the third information. | 2,800 |
339,280 | 16,800,136 | 2,827 | An air vent for an interior of a motor vehicle, the air vent including a housing including a longitudinal housing axis; an air outlet opening formed by the housing; at least one air louver that is arranged in the housing and that directs an air flow that exits from the air outlet opening, wherein the air outlet opening is provided with an expanded metal cover that includes loops that are enveloped by bars that include bar walls, wherein the bar walls are arranged at a bar wall angle relative to the longitudinal hosing axis, wherein the at least one air louver is arranged at an air louver angle relative to the longitudinal housing axis and includes a proximal air louver edge that is proximal to the expanded metal cover and a distal air louver edge that is distal from the expanded metal cover. | 1. An air vent for an interior of a motor vehicle, the air vent comprising:
a housing including a longitudinal housing axis; an air outlet opening formed by the housing; at least one air louver that is arranged in the housing and that directs an air flow that exits from the air outlet opening, wherein the air outlet opening is provided with an expanded metal cover that includes loops that are enveloped by bars that include bar walls, wherein the bar walls are arranged at a bar wall angle relative to the longitudinal hosing axis, wherein the at least one air louver is arranged at an air louver angle relative to the longitudinal housing axis and includes a proximal air louver edge that is proximal to the expanded metal cover and a distal air louver edge that is distal from the expanded metal cover, wherein the proximal air louver edge is arranged close enough to the expanded metal cover so that an air flow that exits the expanded metal cover has a defined orientation, and wherein the orientation of the air flow that exits the expanded metal cover is a resultant of the air louver angle and the bar wall angle. 2. The air vent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one air louver is arranged in the housing pivotable about an air louver pivot axis so that the air louver angle is adjustable. 3. The air vent according to claim 2, wherein the air louver pivot axis is arranged proximal to the expanded metal cover so that a distance between the proximal air louver edge and the expanded metal cover that is increased by a pivot movement of the air louver facilitates the air flow that exits the expanded metal cover with the defined orientation. 4. The air vent according to claim 2, wherein the proximal air louver edge coincides with the air louver pivot axis. 5. The air vent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one air louver includes plural air louvers arranged parallel to each other in the housing. 6. The air vent according to claim 1, wherein the expanded metal cover has a convex or a concave curvature to form a cambered expanded metal cover with a plane of curvature that is oriented parallel to the air louver pivot axis. 7. The air vent according to claim 6,
wherein the bar walls of the cambered expanded metal cover define respective bar wall planes, wherein the respective bar wall planes intersect with the longitudinal housing axis, wherein absolute values of intersection angles of the respective bar wall planes with the longitudinal housing axis increase with an increasing distance of the bar walls from the longitudinal housing axis. 8. The air vent according to claim 7, wherein absolute values of intersection angle changes from one respective bar wall to an adjacent respective bar wall are constant. 9. The air vent according to claim 7, wherein absolute values of intersection angle changes from one respective bar wall to an adjacent respective bar wall vary. 10. The air vent according to claim 1, wherein the air vent forms a defroster for a wind screen of a motor vehicle. 11. The air vent according to claim 1, wherein the air flow that exits the expanded metal cover is laminar. 12. The air vent according to claim 1, wherein the bar wall angle is between 20° and 70°. | An air vent for an interior of a motor vehicle, the air vent including a housing including a longitudinal housing axis; an air outlet opening formed by the housing; at least one air louver that is arranged in the housing and that directs an air flow that exits from the air outlet opening, wherein the air outlet opening is provided with an expanded metal cover that includes loops that are enveloped by bars that include bar walls, wherein the bar walls are arranged at a bar wall angle relative to the longitudinal hosing axis, wherein the at least one air louver is arranged at an air louver angle relative to the longitudinal housing axis and includes a proximal air louver edge that is proximal to the expanded metal cover and a distal air louver edge that is distal from the expanded metal cover.1. An air vent for an interior of a motor vehicle, the air vent comprising:
a housing including a longitudinal housing axis; an air outlet opening formed by the housing; at least one air louver that is arranged in the housing and that directs an air flow that exits from the air outlet opening, wherein the air outlet opening is provided with an expanded metal cover that includes loops that are enveloped by bars that include bar walls, wherein the bar walls are arranged at a bar wall angle relative to the longitudinal hosing axis, wherein the at least one air louver is arranged at an air louver angle relative to the longitudinal housing axis and includes a proximal air louver edge that is proximal to the expanded metal cover and a distal air louver edge that is distal from the expanded metal cover, wherein the proximal air louver edge is arranged close enough to the expanded metal cover so that an air flow that exits the expanded metal cover has a defined orientation, and wherein the orientation of the air flow that exits the expanded metal cover is a resultant of the air louver angle and the bar wall angle. 2. The air vent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one air louver is arranged in the housing pivotable about an air louver pivot axis so that the air louver angle is adjustable. 3. The air vent according to claim 2, wherein the air louver pivot axis is arranged proximal to the expanded metal cover so that a distance between the proximal air louver edge and the expanded metal cover that is increased by a pivot movement of the air louver facilitates the air flow that exits the expanded metal cover with the defined orientation. 4. The air vent according to claim 2, wherein the proximal air louver edge coincides with the air louver pivot axis. 5. The air vent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one air louver includes plural air louvers arranged parallel to each other in the housing. 6. The air vent according to claim 1, wherein the expanded metal cover has a convex or a concave curvature to form a cambered expanded metal cover with a plane of curvature that is oriented parallel to the air louver pivot axis. 7. The air vent according to claim 6,
wherein the bar walls of the cambered expanded metal cover define respective bar wall planes, wherein the respective bar wall planes intersect with the longitudinal housing axis, wherein absolute values of intersection angles of the respective bar wall planes with the longitudinal housing axis increase with an increasing distance of the bar walls from the longitudinal housing axis. 8. The air vent according to claim 7, wherein absolute values of intersection angle changes from one respective bar wall to an adjacent respective bar wall are constant. 9. The air vent according to claim 7, wherein absolute values of intersection angle changes from one respective bar wall to an adjacent respective bar wall vary. 10. The air vent according to claim 1, wherein the air vent forms a defroster for a wind screen of a motor vehicle. 11. The air vent according to claim 1, wherein the air flow that exits the expanded metal cover is laminar. 12. The air vent according to claim 1, wherein the bar wall angle is between 20° and 70°. | 2,800 |
339,281 | 16,800,203 | 3,646 | Various configurations for ICF targets and techniques for their utilization are disclosed which may be simpler and more robust than conventional targets. In some embodiments, these targets may operate at a large areal density (ρr), and/or may be imploded primarily by a single strong shock. In some embodiments, the entire volume of a region of fuel may be heated to a desired temperature at once, such that all the fuel mass may participate in the physical processes that may lead to fusion ignition. Targets of this type may be less sensitive to drive non-uniformity and to the temporal profile of driver energy delivery than conventional ICF targets. | 1. A target assembly for imploding and igniting an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) target within a hohlraum, the target assembly comprising:
an ICF target comprising:
an inner fuel region; and
an inner shell, wherein the inner shell is disposed directly surrounding and in direct contact with the inner fuel region;
a hohlraum to centrally receive the ICF target; wherein the inner fuel region of the ICF target reaches an areal density above approximately 0.6 g/cm2 during implosion and ignition. 2. The target assembly of claim 1, wherein the inner fuel region is comprised of deuterium-tritium gas having a density of approximately 0.1 g/cm3. 3. The target assembly of claim 2, wherein the inner shell region is comprised of solid tungsten. 4. The target assembly of claim 3, wherein the hohlraum is spherical, cylindrical or rugby-shaped. 5. The target assembly of claim 4, wherein the inner shell region reflects a fraction of radiated energy back into the inner fuel region. 6. The target assembly of claim 5, wherein the inner fuel region reaches an areal density above approximately 1.1 g/cm2 during implosion and ignition. 7. The target assembly of claim 5, wherein the ICF target further comprises:
an outer fuel region, wherein the outer fuel region is disposed directly surrounding and in direct contact with the inner shell; and | Various configurations for ICF targets and techniques for their utilization are disclosed which may be simpler and more robust than conventional targets. In some embodiments, these targets may operate at a large areal density (ρr), and/or may be imploded primarily by a single strong shock. In some embodiments, the entire volume of a region of fuel may be heated to a desired temperature at once, such that all the fuel mass may participate in the physical processes that may lead to fusion ignition. Targets of this type may be less sensitive to drive non-uniformity and to the temporal profile of driver energy delivery than conventional ICF targets.1. A target assembly for imploding and igniting an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) target within a hohlraum, the target assembly comprising:
an ICF target comprising:
an inner fuel region; and
an inner shell, wherein the inner shell is disposed directly surrounding and in direct contact with the inner fuel region;
a hohlraum to centrally receive the ICF target; wherein the inner fuel region of the ICF target reaches an areal density above approximately 0.6 g/cm2 during implosion and ignition. 2. The target assembly of claim 1, wherein the inner fuel region is comprised of deuterium-tritium gas having a density of approximately 0.1 g/cm3. 3. The target assembly of claim 2, wherein the inner shell region is comprised of solid tungsten. 4. The target assembly of claim 3, wherein the hohlraum is spherical, cylindrical or rugby-shaped. 5. The target assembly of claim 4, wherein the inner shell region reflects a fraction of radiated energy back into the inner fuel region. 6. The target assembly of claim 5, wherein the inner fuel region reaches an areal density above approximately 1.1 g/cm2 during implosion and ignition. 7. The target assembly of claim 5, wherein the ICF target further comprises:
an outer fuel region, wherein the outer fuel region is disposed directly surrounding and in direct contact with the inner shell; and | 3,600 |
339,282 | 16,800,189 | 3,641 | The present invention provides a polymer nose for a polymeric ammunition cartridge having a generally cylindrical neck having a projectile aperture at a first end, a shoulder comprising a shoulder top connected to the generally cylindrical neck opposite a shoulder bottom, a side wall extending from the shoulder, a groove positioned around the side wall, a skirt connected circumferentially about the groove to extend away from the groove, wherein the groove and the skirt are adapted to mate to a polymer cartridge. | 1. A polymer nose for a polymeric ammunition cartridge comprising:
a generally cylindrical neck having a projectile aperture at a first end; a shoulder comprising a shoulder top connected to the generally cylindrical neck opposite a shoulder bottom; a side wall extending from the shoulder; a groove positioned around the side wall; a skirt connected circumferentially about the groove to extend away from the groove, wherein the groove and the skirt are adapted to mate to a polymer cartridge. 2. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the nose junction is a groove and the skirt is positioned adjacent to the groove on the inside of the polymer nose. 3. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the nose junction is a half lap junction with the skirt on the inside of the polymer nose. 4. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the skirt is adapted to fit flush to a polymer cartridge. 5. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein an angle formed between the nose junction and the skirt is between 40 and 140 degrees. 6. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein an angle formed between the nose junction and the skirt is about 90 degrees. 7. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein an angle formed between the nose junction and the skirt is greater than 90 degrees. 8. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein an angle formed between the nose junction and the skirt is less than 90 degrees. 9. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the shoulder comprises an outer shoulder surface having an outer angle opposite an inner shoulder surface having an inner angle and a skirt surface adjacent to the inner shoulder surface. 10. The polymer nose of claim 9, wherein the outer angle is the same as the inner angle. 11. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the polymer nose comprises a nylon polymer. 12. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the polymer nose comprises a fiber-reinforced polymeric composite. 13. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the polymer nose comprises between about 10 and about 70 wt % glass fiber fillers, mineral fillers, or mixtures thereof. 14. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein an adhesively groove is positioned in the projectile aperture. 15. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the polymer nose comprises comprise a polymers selected from the group consisting of polyurethane prepolymer, cellulose, fluoro-polymer, ethylene inter-polymer alloy elastomer, ethylene vinyl acetate, nylon, polyether imide, polyester elastomer, polyester sulfone, polyphenyl amide, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or thermoset polyurea elastomer, acrylics, homopolymers, acetates, copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadinen-styrene, thermoplastic fluoro polymers, inomers, polyamides, polyamide-imides, polyacrylates, polyatherketones, polyaryl-sulfones, polybenzimidazoles, polycarbonates, polybutylene, terephthalates, polyether imides, polyether sulfones, thermoplastic polyimides, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyphenylene sulfides, polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulfones, polyvinylchlorides, styrene acrylonitriles, polystyrenes, polyphenylene, ether blends, styrene maleic anhydrides, polycarbonates, allyls, aminos, cyanates, epoxies, phenolics, unsaturated polyesters, bismaleimides, polyurethanes, silicones, vinylesters, urethane hybrids, polyphenylsulfones, copolymers of polyphenylsulfones with polyethersulfones or polysulfones, copolymers of poly-phenylsulfones with siloxanes, blends of polyphenylsulfones with polysiloxanes, poly(etherimide-siloxane) copolymers, blends of polyetherimides and polysiloxanes, and blends of polyetherimides and poly(etherimide-siloxane) copolymers. | The present invention provides a polymer nose for a polymeric ammunition cartridge having a generally cylindrical neck having a projectile aperture at a first end, a shoulder comprising a shoulder top connected to the generally cylindrical neck opposite a shoulder bottom, a side wall extending from the shoulder, a groove positioned around the side wall, a skirt connected circumferentially about the groove to extend away from the groove, wherein the groove and the skirt are adapted to mate to a polymer cartridge.1. A polymer nose for a polymeric ammunition cartridge comprising:
a generally cylindrical neck having a projectile aperture at a first end; a shoulder comprising a shoulder top connected to the generally cylindrical neck opposite a shoulder bottom; a side wall extending from the shoulder; a groove positioned around the side wall; a skirt connected circumferentially about the groove to extend away from the groove, wherein the groove and the skirt are adapted to mate to a polymer cartridge. 2. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the nose junction is a groove and the skirt is positioned adjacent to the groove on the inside of the polymer nose. 3. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the nose junction is a half lap junction with the skirt on the inside of the polymer nose. 4. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the skirt is adapted to fit flush to a polymer cartridge. 5. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein an angle formed between the nose junction and the skirt is between 40 and 140 degrees. 6. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein an angle formed between the nose junction and the skirt is about 90 degrees. 7. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein an angle formed between the nose junction and the skirt is greater than 90 degrees. 8. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein an angle formed between the nose junction and the skirt is less than 90 degrees. 9. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the shoulder comprises an outer shoulder surface having an outer angle opposite an inner shoulder surface having an inner angle and a skirt surface adjacent to the inner shoulder surface. 10. The polymer nose of claim 9, wherein the outer angle is the same as the inner angle. 11. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the polymer nose comprises a nylon polymer. 12. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the polymer nose comprises a fiber-reinforced polymeric composite. 13. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the polymer nose comprises between about 10 and about 70 wt % glass fiber fillers, mineral fillers, or mixtures thereof. 14. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein an adhesively groove is positioned in the projectile aperture. 15. The polymer nose of claim 1, wherein the polymer nose comprises comprise a polymers selected from the group consisting of polyurethane prepolymer, cellulose, fluoro-polymer, ethylene inter-polymer alloy elastomer, ethylene vinyl acetate, nylon, polyether imide, polyester elastomer, polyester sulfone, polyphenyl amide, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or thermoset polyurea elastomer, acrylics, homopolymers, acetates, copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadinen-styrene, thermoplastic fluoro polymers, inomers, polyamides, polyamide-imides, polyacrylates, polyatherketones, polyaryl-sulfones, polybenzimidazoles, polycarbonates, polybutylene, terephthalates, polyether imides, polyether sulfones, thermoplastic polyimides, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyphenylene sulfides, polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulfones, polyvinylchlorides, styrene acrylonitriles, polystyrenes, polyphenylene, ether blends, styrene maleic anhydrides, polycarbonates, allyls, aminos, cyanates, epoxies, phenolics, unsaturated polyesters, bismaleimides, polyurethanes, silicones, vinylesters, urethane hybrids, polyphenylsulfones, copolymers of polyphenylsulfones with polyethersulfones or polysulfones, copolymers of poly-phenylsulfones with siloxanes, blends of polyphenylsulfones with polysiloxanes, poly(etherimide-siloxane) copolymers, blends of polyetherimides and polysiloxanes, and blends of polyetherimides and poly(etherimide-siloxane) copolymers. | 3,600 |
339,283 | 16,800,175 | 3,641 | A cloud-based proxy service identifies a denial-of-service (DoS) attack including determining that there is a potential DoS attack being directed to an IP address of the cloud-based proxy service; and responsive to determining that there are a plurality of domains that resolve to that IP address, identifying the one of the plurality of domains that is the target of the DoS attack. The domain that is under attack is identified by scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses, where a result of the scattering is that each of those domains resolves to a different IP address, and identifying one of those plurality of domains as the target of the DoS attack by determining that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address in which that domain resolves. | 1. A method in a cloud-based proxy service for identifying a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, the method comprising:
determining that there is a potential DoS attack being directed to an IP address of the cloud-based proxy service; responsive to determining that there are a plurality of domains that resolve to that IP address, identifying the one of the plurality of domains that is the target of the DoS attack, wherein the step of identifying includes performing the following:
scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses, wherein a result of the scattering is that each of those domains resolves to a different IP address, and
identifying one of those plurality of domains as the target of the DoS attack by determining that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address in which that domain resolves. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses includes causing one or more Domain Name System (DNS) records for the plurality of domains to resolve to the different IP addresses. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses is performed iteratively; wherein in an initial iteration, at least two of the plurality of domains resolve to the same IP address of the cloud-based proxy service and one of the plurality of domains resolves to a different IP address of the cloud-based proxy service; and wherein in a final iteration, each of the plurality of domains resolves to a different IP address of the cloud-based proxy service. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining that there is a potential DoS attack being directed to the IP address includes determining that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after identifying the targeted domain, grouping at least some of those other ones of the plurality of domains to resolve to a same IP address of the cloud-based proxy service, wherein the step of grouping includes causing one or more Domain Name System (DNS) records for those domains to resolve to that same IP address. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after identifying the targeted domain, performing one or more mitigation actions for the targeted domain, including one or more of the following:
rate limiting traffic destined to the targeted domain;
null routing the IP address in which the targeted domain resolves;
installing filtering rules in network equipment of the cloud-based proxy service;
causing traffic destined to the targeted domain to be directed to a dedicated DoS device of the cloud-based proxy service; and
presenting one or more challenges to visitors attempting to connect to the targeted domain. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after identifying the targeted domain, isolating the targeted domain to a set of one or more data centers. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a set of one or more other domains that are not the targeted domain that initially belong to the set of data centers; and moving that set of domains to a different set of one or more data centers after isolating the targeted domain. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that provides instructions that, if executed by a processor, will cause said processor to perform operations comprising:
determining that there is a potential Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack being directed to an IP address; responsive to determining that there are a plurality of domains that resolve to that IP address, identifying the one of the plurality of domains that is the target of the DoS attack, wherein the step of identifying includes performing the following:
scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses, wherein a result of the scattering is that each of those domains resolves to a different IP address, and
identifying one of those plurality of domains as the target of the DoS attack by determining that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address in which that domain resolves. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the step of scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses includes the proxy server causing one or more Domain Name System (DNS) records for the plurality of domains to resolve to the different IP addresses. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the step of scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses is performed iteratively; wherein in an initial iteration, at least two of the plurality of domains resolve to the same IP address and one of the plurality of domains resolves to a different IP address; and wherein in a final iteration, each of the plurality of domains resolves to a different IP address. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the step of determining that there is a potential DoS attack being directed to the IP address includes determining that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause said processor to perform the following operation:
after identifying the targeted domain, grouping at least some of those other ones of the plurality of domains to resolve to a same IP address, wherein the step of grouping includes the proxy server causing one or more Domain Name System (DNS) records for those domains to resolve to that same IP address. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause said processor to perform the following operation:
after identifying the targeted domain, performing one or more mitigation actions for the targeted domain, including one or more of the following:
rate limiting traffic destined to the targeted domain;
null routing the IP address in which the targeted domain resolves;
broadcasting filtering rules to network equipment downstream from the proxy server;
causing traffic destined to the targeted domain to be directed to a dedicated DoS device; and
presenting one or more challenges to visitors attempting to connect to the targeted domain. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause said processor to perform the following operation:
after identifying the targeted domain, isolating the targeted domain to a set of one or more data centers. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause said processor to perform the following operation:
wherein a set of one or more other domains that are not the targeted domain that initially belong to the set of data centers; and moving that set of domains to a different set of one or more data centers after isolating the targeted domain. 17. An apparatus to identify a denial-of-service (DoS) attack in a cloud-based proxy service, comprising:
a cloud-based proxy service node that is configured to perform the following:
determine that there is a potential DoS attack being directed to an IP address of the cloud-based proxy service;
responsive to a determination that there are a plurality of domains that resolve to that IP address, identify the one of the plurality of domains that is the target of the DoS attack by performing the following:
scatter the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses, wherein a result of the scattering is that each of those domains resolves to a different IP address, and
identify one of those plurality of domains as the target of the DoS attack by a determination that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address in which that domain resolves. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the cloud-based proxy service node is configured to scatter the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses by causing one or more Domain Name System (DNS) records for the plurality of domains to resolve to the different IP addresses. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the cloud-based proxy service node is configured to scatter the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses iteratively; wherein in an initial iteration, at least two of the plurality of domains resolve to the same IP address of the cloud-based proxy service and one of the plurality of domains resolves to a different IP address of the cloud-based proxy service; and wherein in a final iteration, each of the plurality of domains resolves to a different IP address of the cloud-based proxy service. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the cloud-based proxy service node is configured to determine that there is a potential DoS attack being directed to the IP address includes determining that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address. | A cloud-based proxy service identifies a denial-of-service (DoS) attack including determining that there is a potential DoS attack being directed to an IP address of the cloud-based proxy service; and responsive to determining that there are a plurality of domains that resolve to that IP address, identifying the one of the plurality of domains that is the target of the DoS attack. The domain that is under attack is identified by scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses, where a result of the scattering is that each of those domains resolves to a different IP address, and identifying one of those plurality of domains as the target of the DoS attack by determining that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address in which that domain resolves.1. A method in a cloud-based proxy service for identifying a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, the method comprising:
determining that there is a potential DoS attack being directed to an IP address of the cloud-based proxy service; responsive to determining that there are a plurality of domains that resolve to that IP address, identifying the one of the plurality of domains that is the target of the DoS attack, wherein the step of identifying includes performing the following:
scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses, wherein a result of the scattering is that each of those domains resolves to a different IP address, and
identifying one of those plurality of domains as the target of the DoS attack by determining that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address in which that domain resolves. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses includes causing one or more Domain Name System (DNS) records for the plurality of domains to resolve to the different IP addresses. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses is performed iteratively; wherein in an initial iteration, at least two of the plurality of domains resolve to the same IP address of the cloud-based proxy service and one of the plurality of domains resolves to a different IP address of the cloud-based proxy service; and wherein in a final iteration, each of the plurality of domains resolves to a different IP address of the cloud-based proxy service. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining that there is a potential DoS attack being directed to the IP address includes determining that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after identifying the targeted domain, grouping at least some of those other ones of the plurality of domains to resolve to a same IP address of the cloud-based proxy service, wherein the step of grouping includes causing one or more Domain Name System (DNS) records for those domains to resolve to that same IP address. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after identifying the targeted domain, performing one or more mitigation actions for the targeted domain, including one or more of the following:
rate limiting traffic destined to the targeted domain;
null routing the IP address in which the targeted domain resolves;
installing filtering rules in network equipment of the cloud-based proxy service;
causing traffic destined to the targeted domain to be directed to a dedicated DoS device of the cloud-based proxy service; and
presenting one or more challenges to visitors attempting to connect to the targeted domain. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after identifying the targeted domain, isolating the targeted domain to a set of one or more data centers. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a set of one or more other domains that are not the targeted domain that initially belong to the set of data centers; and moving that set of domains to a different set of one or more data centers after isolating the targeted domain. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that provides instructions that, if executed by a processor, will cause said processor to perform operations comprising:
determining that there is a potential Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack being directed to an IP address; responsive to determining that there are a plurality of domains that resolve to that IP address, identifying the one of the plurality of domains that is the target of the DoS attack, wherein the step of identifying includes performing the following:
scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses, wherein a result of the scattering is that each of those domains resolves to a different IP address, and
identifying one of those plurality of domains as the target of the DoS attack by determining that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address in which that domain resolves. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the step of scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses includes the proxy server causing one or more Domain Name System (DNS) records for the plurality of domains to resolve to the different IP addresses. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the step of scattering the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses is performed iteratively; wherein in an initial iteration, at least two of the plurality of domains resolve to the same IP address and one of the plurality of domains resolves to a different IP address; and wherein in a final iteration, each of the plurality of domains resolves to a different IP address. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the step of determining that there is a potential DoS attack being directed to the IP address includes determining that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause said processor to perform the following operation:
after identifying the targeted domain, grouping at least some of those other ones of the plurality of domains to resolve to a same IP address, wherein the step of grouping includes the proxy server causing one or more Domain Name System (DNS) records for those domains to resolve to that same IP address. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause said processor to perform the following operation:
after identifying the targeted domain, performing one or more mitigation actions for the targeted domain, including one or more of the following:
rate limiting traffic destined to the targeted domain;
null routing the IP address in which the targeted domain resolves;
broadcasting filtering rules to network equipment downstream from the proxy server;
causing traffic destined to the targeted domain to be directed to a dedicated DoS device; and
presenting one or more challenges to visitors attempting to connect to the targeted domain. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause said processor to perform the following operation:
after identifying the targeted domain, isolating the targeted domain to a set of one or more data centers. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause said processor to perform the following operation:
wherein a set of one or more other domains that are not the targeted domain that initially belong to the set of data centers; and moving that set of domains to a different set of one or more data centers after isolating the targeted domain. 17. An apparatus to identify a denial-of-service (DoS) attack in a cloud-based proxy service, comprising:
a cloud-based proxy service node that is configured to perform the following:
determine that there is a potential DoS attack being directed to an IP address of the cloud-based proxy service;
responsive to a determination that there are a plurality of domains that resolve to that IP address, identify the one of the plurality of domains that is the target of the DoS attack by performing the following:
scatter the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses, wherein a result of the scattering is that each of those domains resolves to a different IP address, and
identify one of those plurality of domains as the target of the DoS attack by a determination that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address in which that domain resolves. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the cloud-based proxy service node is configured to scatter the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses by causing one or more Domain Name System (DNS) records for the plurality of domains to resolve to the different IP addresses. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the cloud-based proxy service node is configured to scatter the plurality of domains to resolve to different IP addresses iteratively; wherein in an initial iteration, at least two of the plurality of domains resolve to the same IP address of the cloud-based proxy service and one of the plurality of domains resolves to a different IP address of the cloud-based proxy service; and wherein in a final iteration, each of the plurality of domains resolves to a different IP address of the cloud-based proxy service. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the cloud-based proxy service node is configured to determine that there is a potential DoS attack being directed to the IP address includes determining that there is an abnormally high amount of traffic being directed to the IP address. | 3,600 |
339,284 | 16,800,179 | 3,641 | Systems and methods for composite storage of data across tiers of a multi-tenant storage device are provided. In embodiments, a method includes determining attributes associated with each query in a set of queries; determining whether each of the attributes meet respective predetermined threshold values for a first storage tier, a second storage tier and a third storage tier based on statistical data generated for the attributes; updating storage rules for at least one of the first storage tier, the second storage tier and the third storage tier based on the determining; receiving data from the tenant for storage; dividing the data into at least a first portion and a second portion based on the storage rules; and storing the at least the first portion and the second portion on separate ones of the first storage tier, the second storage tier and the third storage tier based on the storage rules. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
determining, by a multi-tenant storage device, object attributes associated with each query in a set of queries submitted by a tenant over time, wherein the multi-tenant storage device is configured to store data in a first storage tier, a second storage tier and a third storage tier; determining, by the multi-tenant storage device, whether each of the object attributes meet respective predetermined threshold values for the first storage tier, the second storage tier and the third storage tier based on statistical data generated for the object attributes; updating, by the multi-tenant storage device, tenant-specific storage rules for at least one of the first storage tier, the second storage tier and the third storage tier based on the determining whether each of the object attributes meet the respective predetermined threshold values; receiving, by the multi-tenant storage device, a data object from the tenant for storage; dividing, by the multi-tenant storage device, the data object into at least a first portion and a second portion based on the tenant-specific storage rules; and storing, by the multi-tenant storage device, the at least the first portion and the second portion on separate ones of the first storage tier, the second storage tier and the third storage tier based on the tenant-specific storage rules. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising collecting, by the multi-tenant storage device, the query data for the set of queries, the query data including the object attributes. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the dividing the data object into at least the first portion and the second portion comprises dividing the data object into the first portion, the second portion and a third portion. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the storing at least the first portion and the second portion comprises storing the first portion on the first storage tier, storing the second portion on the second storage tier, and storing the third portion on the third storage tier. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the threshold values are selected from at least one of the group consisting of: frequency of use and frequency of updates. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising determining, by the multi-tenant storage device, whether a size of each of the first portion and the second portion meets a predetermined size threshold, wherein the storing the at least the first portion and the second portion on separate ones of the first storage tier, second storage tier or third storage tier is further based on whether the size of each of the first portion and the second portion meets the predetermined size threshold. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a service provider performs at least one selected from the group consisting of: creates the multi-tenant storage device, maintains the multi-tenant storage device, deploys the multi-tenant storage device, and supports the multi-tenant storage device. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the updating the tenant-specific storage rules for each of the first storage tier, second storage tier and third storage tier and the storing the at least the first portion and the second portion on separate ones of the first storage tier, second storage tier or third storage tier are provided by a service provider on a subscription, advertising, and/or fee basis. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the multi-tenant storage device includes software provided as a service in a cloud environment. 10. A computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage media and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions executable by a multi-tenant storage device to cause the multi-tenant storage device to:
generate statistics data regarding object attributes for a set of queries submitted by a tenant of the multi-tenant storage device; determine that statistics data for a first object attribute meets a first predetermined threshold value associated with a first storage tier of the multi-tenant storage device; update tenant-specific storage rules based on the statistics data for the first object attribute meeting the first predetermined threshold value; determine that statistics data for a second object attribute meets a second predetermined threshold value associated with a second storage tier of the multi-tenant storage device; update the tenant-specific storage rules based on the statistics data for the second object attribute meeting the second predetermined threshold value; receive a data object for storage from the tenant; divide the data object into at least a first portion and a second portion based on the tenant-specific storage rules; and store the first portion on the first storage tier and the second portion on the second storage tier based on the tenant-specific storage rules. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the program instructions further cause the multi-tenant storage device to collect query data for the set of queries, the query data including the object attributes. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the dividing the data object into at least the first portion and the second portion comprises dividing the data object into the first portion, the second portion and a third portion. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the program instructions further cause the multi-tenant storage device to store the third portion on a third storage tier based on the tenant-specific storage rules. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the program instructions further cause the multi-tenant storage device to determine that a size of the third portion meets a predetermined size threshold, wherein the storing the third portion on the third storage tier is based on the determining that the size of the third portion meets the predetermined size threshold. 15. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the first and second predetermined threshold value are selected from at least one of the group consisting of:
frequency of use and frequency of updates. 16. A system comprising:
a processor, a computer readable memory, one or more computer readable storage media, and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions executable to cause a multi-tenant storage device to: generate statistics data regarding object attributes for a set of queries of a tenant of the multi-tenant storage device; determine whether each of the object attributes meet respective predetermined threshold values for a first storage tier, a second storage tier and a third storage tier of the multi-tenant storage device based on the statistics data; update tenant-specific storage rules based on the determining whether each of the object attributes meet the respective predetermined threshold values; receive a data object from the tenant for storage; divide the data object into at least a first portion and a second portion based on the tenant-specific storage rules; and store the at least the first portion and the second portion on separate ones of the first storage tier, the second storage tier and the third storage tier based on the tenant-specific storage rules. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the dividing the data object into at least the first portion and the second portion comprises dividing the data object into the first portion, the second portion and a third portion. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the program instructions further cause the multi-tenant storage device to store the third portion on a third storage tier based on the tenant-specific storage rules. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the program instructions further cause the multi-tenant storage device to determine that a size of the third portion meets a predetermined size threshold, wherein the storing the third portion on the third storage tier is based on the determining that the size of the third portion meets the predetermined size threshold. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the predetermined threshold values are selected from at least one of the group consisting of: frequency of use and frequency of updates. | Systems and methods for composite storage of data across tiers of a multi-tenant storage device are provided. In embodiments, a method includes determining attributes associated with each query in a set of queries; determining whether each of the attributes meet respective predetermined threshold values for a first storage tier, a second storage tier and a third storage tier based on statistical data generated for the attributes; updating storage rules for at least one of the first storage tier, the second storage tier and the third storage tier based on the determining; receiving data from the tenant for storage; dividing the data into at least a first portion and a second portion based on the storage rules; and storing the at least the first portion and the second portion on separate ones of the first storage tier, the second storage tier and the third storage tier based on the storage rules.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
determining, by a multi-tenant storage device, object attributes associated with each query in a set of queries submitted by a tenant over time, wherein the multi-tenant storage device is configured to store data in a first storage tier, a second storage tier and a third storage tier; determining, by the multi-tenant storage device, whether each of the object attributes meet respective predetermined threshold values for the first storage tier, the second storage tier and the third storage tier based on statistical data generated for the object attributes; updating, by the multi-tenant storage device, tenant-specific storage rules for at least one of the first storage tier, the second storage tier and the third storage tier based on the determining whether each of the object attributes meet the respective predetermined threshold values; receiving, by the multi-tenant storage device, a data object from the tenant for storage; dividing, by the multi-tenant storage device, the data object into at least a first portion and a second portion based on the tenant-specific storage rules; and storing, by the multi-tenant storage device, the at least the first portion and the second portion on separate ones of the first storage tier, the second storage tier and the third storage tier based on the tenant-specific storage rules. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising collecting, by the multi-tenant storage device, the query data for the set of queries, the query data including the object attributes. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the dividing the data object into at least the first portion and the second portion comprises dividing the data object into the first portion, the second portion and a third portion. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the storing at least the first portion and the second portion comprises storing the first portion on the first storage tier, storing the second portion on the second storage tier, and storing the third portion on the third storage tier. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the threshold values are selected from at least one of the group consisting of: frequency of use and frequency of updates. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising determining, by the multi-tenant storage device, whether a size of each of the first portion and the second portion meets a predetermined size threshold, wherein the storing the at least the first portion and the second portion on separate ones of the first storage tier, second storage tier or third storage tier is further based on whether the size of each of the first portion and the second portion meets the predetermined size threshold. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a service provider performs at least one selected from the group consisting of: creates the multi-tenant storage device, maintains the multi-tenant storage device, deploys the multi-tenant storage device, and supports the multi-tenant storage device. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the updating the tenant-specific storage rules for each of the first storage tier, second storage tier and third storage tier and the storing the at least the first portion and the second portion on separate ones of the first storage tier, second storage tier or third storage tier are provided by a service provider on a subscription, advertising, and/or fee basis. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the multi-tenant storage device includes software provided as a service in a cloud environment. 10. A computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage media and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions executable by a multi-tenant storage device to cause the multi-tenant storage device to:
generate statistics data regarding object attributes for a set of queries submitted by a tenant of the multi-tenant storage device; determine that statistics data for a first object attribute meets a first predetermined threshold value associated with a first storage tier of the multi-tenant storage device; update tenant-specific storage rules based on the statistics data for the first object attribute meeting the first predetermined threshold value; determine that statistics data for a second object attribute meets a second predetermined threshold value associated with a second storage tier of the multi-tenant storage device; update the tenant-specific storage rules based on the statistics data for the second object attribute meeting the second predetermined threshold value; receive a data object for storage from the tenant; divide the data object into at least a first portion and a second portion based on the tenant-specific storage rules; and store the first portion on the first storage tier and the second portion on the second storage tier based on the tenant-specific storage rules. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the program instructions further cause the multi-tenant storage device to collect query data for the set of queries, the query data including the object attributes. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the dividing the data object into at least the first portion and the second portion comprises dividing the data object into the first portion, the second portion and a third portion. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the program instructions further cause the multi-tenant storage device to store the third portion on a third storage tier based on the tenant-specific storage rules. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein the program instructions further cause the multi-tenant storage device to determine that a size of the third portion meets a predetermined size threshold, wherein the storing the third portion on the third storage tier is based on the determining that the size of the third portion meets the predetermined size threshold. 15. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the first and second predetermined threshold value are selected from at least one of the group consisting of:
frequency of use and frequency of updates. 16. A system comprising:
a processor, a computer readable memory, one or more computer readable storage media, and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions executable to cause a multi-tenant storage device to: generate statistics data regarding object attributes for a set of queries of a tenant of the multi-tenant storage device; determine whether each of the object attributes meet respective predetermined threshold values for a first storage tier, a second storage tier and a third storage tier of the multi-tenant storage device based on the statistics data; update tenant-specific storage rules based on the determining whether each of the object attributes meet the respective predetermined threshold values; receive a data object from the tenant for storage; divide the data object into at least a first portion and a second portion based on the tenant-specific storage rules; and store the at least the first portion and the second portion on separate ones of the first storage tier, the second storage tier and the third storage tier based on the tenant-specific storage rules. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the dividing the data object into at least the first portion and the second portion comprises dividing the data object into the first portion, the second portion and a third portion. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the program instructions further cause the multi-tenant storage device to store the third portion on a third storage tier based on the tenant-specific storage rules. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the program instructions further cause the multi-tenant storage device to determine that a size of the third portion meets a predetermined size threshold, wherein the storing the third portion on the third storage tier is based on the determining that the size of the third portion meets the predetermined size threshold. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the predetermined threshold values are selected from at least one of the group consisting of: frequency of use and frequency of updates. | 3,600 |
339,285 | 16,800,193 | 3,641 | The invention discloses a golf ball hitting system for training assistance in the technical field of golf. A main control chip is controlled by a remote control server module so as to control a light-guiding line module and a laser light generator to display on the ground: a target point; a linear motion trajectory of a putter to stabilize the direction; the back swing length and the follow-through length to operate the swing amplitude of the putter; and a laser light point to guide the swing speed of a club head and stabilize the rhythm. With the assistance of the invention, the putting performance of a golfer can be effectively improved. | 1. A golf ball hitting system for training assistance, comprising a main control chip, a power supply circuit, a motion processing member modular circuit, an indicator light modular circuit, a current steering modular circuit, a remote control server modular circuit, a laser light generator modular circuit and a laser guiding modular circuit; the main control chip being an STM32F103C8T6 chip. 2. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein two pins of an output terminal of a coupling inductor T in the power supply circuit are connected to a diode rectification four-arm bridge, i.e. the two pins are respectively connected between diodes D1 and D3, an output terminal of a rectifier tube four-arm bridge is connected in parallel with a capacitor C4, and one end of the output terminal is connected to an input terminal Vin of an LM1117-5 voltage stabilizing chip and the other end thereof is grounded; and a ground terminal GND of the LM1117-5 voltage stabilizing chip is grounded through the capacitor C4, and one end of an output terminal of a stabilized voltage supply is grounded, and the other end thereof is respectively connected to pins 1, 9, 24, 36 and 48 of STM32F103C8T6, a pin 1 of a motion processing member, a pin 2 of an indicator light, a pin 2 in ST1 of a current steering module, a pin 2 in ST2 of the current steering module, a pin 2 in ST3 of the current steering module, a pin 2 in ST4 of the current steering module, a pin 1 of a remote control server and a VCC pin in a laser light generator. 3. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein pins 3, 4 and 8 of MPU6050 in the motion processing member modular circuit are respectively connected to pins 42, 43 and 32 of STM32F103C8T6, and a pin 2 of MPU6050 is grounded. 4. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein pins 3, 4 and 5 of OLED in the indicator light modular circuit are respectively connected to pins 10, 21 and 22 of STM32F103C8T6, and pins 1, 6 and 7 of OLED are grounded. 5. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein a pin 1 in ST1 of STEERING in the current steering modular circuit is connected to a pin 16 of STM32F103C8T6, a pin 1 in ST2 of the current steering module is connected to a pin 17 of STM32F103C8T6, a pin 1 in ST3 of the current steering module is connected to a pin 18 of STM32F103C8T6, and a pin 1 in ST4 of the current steering module is connected to a pin 19 of STM32F103C8T6. 6. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein a pin 3 of REMOT in the remote control server modular circuit is connected to a pin 2 of STM32F103C8T6, and a pin 2 of REMOT is grounded. 7. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein a VCC pin in the laser light generator modular circuit is connected to pins 1 of LIGHT1, LIGHT2 and GUI_LIGHT, pins 2 of LIGHT1 and LIGHT2 are grounded, and a pin 2 of GUI_LIGHT is connected to DC. 8. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein the other end of GUI_LIGHT in the light-guiding line modular circuit is connected to a pin 46 of STM32F103C8T6. 9. A method for operating the golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein:
step S1: when a main control chip controls an indicator light module to be turned on or off, the indicator light module forms a designated point on the ground to enable fixed-point training of a golf ball; and a current steering module controls the change of a guiding mode of a light-guiding line module to change the length of a straight line formed on the ground by the light-guiding line module, thereby enabling training on different back swing lengths and follow-through lengths;
step S2: the current steering module controls the change of the guiding mode of the light-guiding line module to change the length of the straight line formed on the ground by the light-guiding line module, thereby enabling training on different back swing lengths and follow-through lengths through an external remote controller regulating system;
step S3: the main control chip controls a laser light generator which starts laser at a hitting point for 3 consecutive times to remind preparation, a motion processing member module controls the laser generated by the laser light generator to move on a golf ball motion trajectory, and a putter moves along with a laser point for putting training; and
step S4: the main control chip controls the light-guiding line module, the straight line formed on the ground by the light-guiding line module is the golf ball motion trajectory, and both ends of the motion trajectory are the top of back swing and the end of follow-through respectively, thereby accurately grasping the back swing length and the follow-through length of the putter during training; and the motion processing member module controls the angular velocity of the laser light generator to adjust the laser rotation angular velocity of the laser light generator, which functions to adjust the traveling speed of a light guiding point on the ground and enables training on different putting speed. | The invention discloses a golf ball hitting system for training assistance in the technical field of golf. A main control chip is controlled by a remote control server module so as to control a light-guiding line module and a laser light generator to display on the ground: a target point; a linear motion trajectory of a putter to stabilize the direction; the back swing length and the follow-through length to operate the swing amplitude of the putter; and a laser light point to guide the swing speed of a club head and stabilize the rhythm. With the assistance of the invention, the putting performance of a golfer can be effectively improved.1. A golf ball hitting system for training assistance, comprising a main control chip, a power supply circuit, a motion processing member modular circuit, an indicator light modular circuit, a current steering modular circuit, a remote control server modular circuit, a laser light generator modular circuit and a laser guiding modular circuit; the main control chip being an STM32F103C8T6 chip. 2. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein two pins of an output terminal of a coupling inductor T in the power supply circuit are connected to a diode rectification four-arm bridge, i.e. the two pins are respectively connected between diodes D1 and D3, an output terminal of a rectifier tube four-arm bridge is connected in parallel with a capacitor C4, and one end of the output terminal is connected to an input terminal Vin of an LM1117-5 voltage stabilizing chip and the other end thereof is grounded; and a ground terminal GND of the LM1117-5 voltage stabilizing chip is grounded through the capacitor C4, and one end of an output terminal of a stabilized voltage supply is grounded, and the other end thereof is respectively connected to pins 1, 9, 24, 36 and 48 of STM32F103C8T6, a pin 1 of a motion processing member, a pin 2 of an indicator light, a pin 2 in ST1 of a current steering module, a pin 2 in ST2 of the current steering module, a pin 2 in ST3 of the current steering module, a pin 2 in ST4 of the current steering module, a pin 1 of a remote control server and a VCC pin in a laser light generator. 3. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein pins 3, 4 and 8 of MPU6050 in the motion processing member modular circuit are respectively connected to pins 42, 43 and 32 of STM32F103C8T6, and a pin 2 of MPU6050 is grounded. 4. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein pins 3, 4 and 5 of OLED in the indicator light modular circuit are respectively connected to pins 10, 21 and 22 of STM32F103C8T6, and pins 1, 6 and 7 of OLED are grounded. 5. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein a pin 1 in ST1 of STEERING in the current steering modular circuit is connected to a pin 16 of STM32F103C8T6, a pin 1 in ST2 of the current steering module is connected to a pin 17 of STM32F103C8T6, a pin 1 in ST3 of the current steering module is connected to a pin 18 of STM32F103C8T6, and a pin 1 in ST4 of the current steering module is connected to a pin 19 of STM32F103C8T6. 6. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein a pin 3 of REMOT in the remote control server modular circuit is connected to a pin 2 of STM32F103C8T6, and a pin 2 of REMOT is grounded. 7. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein a VCC pin in the laser light generator modular circuit is connected to pins 1 of LIGHT1, LIGHT2 and GUI_LIGHT, pins 2 of LIGHT1 and LIGHT2 are grounded, and a pin 2 of GUI_LIGHT is connected to DC. 8. The golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to claim 1, wherein the other end of GUI_LIGHT in the light-guiding line modular circuit is connected to a pin 46 of STM32F103C8T6. 9. A method for operating the golf ball hitting system for training assistance according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein:
step S1: when a main control chip controls an indicator light module to be turned on or off, the indicator light module forms a designated point on the ground to enable fixed-point training of a golf ball; and a current steering module controls the change of a guiding mode of a light-guiding line module to change the length of a straight line formed on the ground by the light-guiding line module, thereby enabling training on different back swing lengths and follow-through lengths;
step S2: the current steering module controls the change of the guiding mode of the light-guiding line module to change the length of the straight line formed on the ground by the light-guiding line module, thereby enabling training on different back swing lengths and follow-through lengths through an external remote controller regulating system;
step S3: the main control chip controls a laser light generator which starts laser at a hitting point for 3 consecutive times to remind preparation, a motion processing member module controls the laser generated by the laser light generator to move on a golf ball motion trajectory, and a putter moves along with a laser point for putting training; and
step S4: the main control chip controls the light-guiding line module, the straight line formed on the ground by the light-guiding line module is the golf ball motion trajectory, and both ends of the motion trajectory are the top of back swing and the end of follow-through respectively, thereby accurately grasping the back swing length and the follow-through length of the putter during training; and the motion processing member module controls the angular velocity of the laser light generator to adjust the laser rotation angular velocity of the laser light generator, which functions to adjust the traveling speed of a light guiding point on the ground and enables training on different putting speed. | 3,600 |
339,286 | 16,800,202 | 3,641 | An information pushing method, a storage medium, a terminal device and a server are provided. The method is performed by the terminal device, including: starting a camera in that the terminal device upon detecting that a preset region in an interaction interface is selected. The interaction interface is displayed on an upper layer of an information display interface, and the information display interface is used for displaying push information. The method also includes transmitting an image captured by the camera to the server; obtaining a processing instruction returned by the server; and updating at least one of the interaction interface or the information display interface according to the processing instruction, including: when the server determines that the image satisfies a preset requirement, stopping displaying the push information on the information display interface according to the processing instruction. | 1. An information pushing method, performed by a terminal device, the method comprising:
starting a camera in the terminal device upon detecting that a preset region in an interaction interface is selected, the interaction interface being displayed on an upper layer of an information display interface, and the information display interface being used for displaying push information; transmitting an image captured by the camera to a server; obtaining a processing instruction returned by the server; and updating at least one of the interaction interface or the information display interface according to the processing instruction, comprising: when the server determines that the image satisfies a preset requirement, stopping displaying the push information on the information display interface according to the processing instruction. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
displaying prompt information on the interaction interface, wherein the prompt information comprises: a photographing operation to be performed and an effect after the photographing operation is completed. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the preset region in the interaction interface is selected, the method further comprises:
receiving a push instruction transmitted by the server, the push instruction comprising the push information and a type corresponding to the push information; determining a target display mode of the interaction interface according to the type of the push information; and displaying the push information on the information display interface, and displaying the interaction interface on the upper layer of the information display interface according to the target display mode. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the type of the push information comprises text and an image; and the target display mode comprises a display position, a display size, and transparency of the interaction interface. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
repeatedly transmitting, after the image captured by the camera is transmitted to the server, a follow-up image captured by the camera in real time to the server at a preset time interval, until the processing instruction returned by the server is received. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
performing coding compression on the image captured by the camera before the image captured by the camera is transmitted to the server. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the updating the interaction interface comprises: displaying, on the interaction interface, a message indicating that an operation is successful according to the processing instruction when the server determines that the image satisfies the preset requirement. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein updating at least one of the interaction interface and the information display interface according to the processing instruction comprises:
closing the interaction interface and the information display interface according to the processing instruction when the server determines that the image does not satisfy the preset requirement and the push information is displayed for a corresponding playback duration. 9. A terminal device, comprising:
a memory, a processor, and a camera, the processor being configured to: start the camera upon detecting that a preset region in an interaction interface is selected, the interaction interface being displayed on an upper layer of an information display interface, and the information display interface being used for displaying push; transmit an image captured by the camera to a server; obtain a processing instruction returned by the server; and update at least one of the interaction interface or the information display interface according to the processing instruction, comprising: when the server determines that the image satisfies a preset requirement, stopping displaying the push information on the information display interface according to the processing instruction. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
display prompt information on the interaction interface, wherein the prompt information comprises: a photographing operation to be performed and an effect after the photographing operation is completed. 11. The device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to: before the preset region in the interaction interface is selected,
receive a push instruction transmitted by the server, the push instruction comprising the push information and a type corresponding to the push information; determine a target display mode of the interaction interface according to the type of the push information; and display the push information on the information display interface, and display the interaction interface on the upper layer of the information display interface according to the target display mode. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein the type of the push information comprises text and an image; and the target display mode comprises a display position, a display size, and transparency of the interaction interface. 13. The device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
repeatedly transmit, after the image captured by the camera is transmitted to the server, a follow-up image captured by the camera in real time to the server at a preset time interval, until the processing instruction returned by the server is received. 14. The device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform coding compression on the image captured by the camera before the image captured by the camera is transmitted to the server. 15. The device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
display, on the interaction interface, a message indicating that an operation is successful according to the processing instruction when the server determines that the image satisfies the preset requirement. 16. The device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
close the interaction interface and the information display interface according to the processing instruction when the server determines that the image does not satisfy the preset requirement and the push information is displayed for a corresponding playback duration. 17. A non-transitory storage medium, storing a data processing program, the data processing program comprising instructions, the instructions, when being executed by a processor of a terminal, causing the processor to perform:
starting a camera in the terminal upon detecting that a preset region in an interaction interface is selected, the interaction interface being displayed on an upper layer of an information display interface, and the information display interface being used for displaying push information; transmitting an image captured by the camera to a server; obtaining a processing instruction returned by the server; and updating at least one of the interaction interface or the information display interface according to the processing instruction, comprising: when the server determines that the image satisfies a preset requirement, stopping displaying the push information on the information display interface according to the processing instruction. 18. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to perform: before the preset region in the interaction interface is selected,
receiving a push instruction transmitted by the server, the push instruction comprising the push information and a type corresponding to the push information; determining a target display mode of the interaction interface according to the type of the push information; and displaying the push information on the information display interface, and displaying the interaction interface on the upper layer of the information display interface according to the target display mode. 19. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to perform:
repeatedly transmitting, after the image captured by the camera is transmitted to the server, a follow-up image captured by the camera in real time to the server at a preset time interval, until the processing instruction returned by the server is received. 20. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein updating at least one of the interaction interface and the information display interface according to the processing instruction comprises:
closing the interaction interface and the information display interface according to the processing instruction when the server determines that the image does not satisfy the preset requirement and the push information is displayed for a corresponding playback duration. | An information pushing method, a storage medium, a terminal device and a server are provided. The method is performed by the terminal device, including: starting a camera in that the terminal device upon detecting that a preset region in an interaction interface is selected. The interaction interface is displayed on an upper layer of an information display interface, and the information display interface is used for displaying push information. The method also includes transmitting an image captured by the camera to the server; obtaining a processing instruction returned by the server; and updating at least one of the interaction interface or the information display interface according to the processing instruction, including: when the server determines that the image satisfies a preset requirement, stopping displaying the push information on the information display interface according to the processing instruction.1. An information pushing method, performed by a terminal device, the method comprising:
starting a camera in the terminal device upon detecting that a preset region in an interaction interface is selected, the interaction interface being displayed on an upper layer of an information display interface, and the information display interface being used for displaying push information; transmitting an image captured by the camera to a server; obtaining a processing instruction returned by the server; and updating at least one of the interaction interface or the information display interface according to the processing instruction, comprising: when the server determines that the image satisfies a preset requirement, stopping displaying the push information on the information display interface according to the processing instruction. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
displaying prompt information on the interaction interface, wherein the prompt information comprises: a photographing operation to be performed and an effect after the photographing operation is completed. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the preset region in the interaction interface is selected, the method further comprises:
receiving a push instruction transmitted by the server, the push instruction comprising the push information and a type corresponding to the push information; determining a target display mode of the interaction interface according to the type of the push information; and displaying the push information on the information display interface, and displaying the interaction interface on the upper layer of the information display interface according to the target display mode. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the type of the push information comprises text and an image; and the target display mode comprises a display position, a display size, and transparency of the interaction interface. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
repeatedly transmitting, after the image captured by the camera is transmitted to the server, a follow-up image captured by the camera in real time to the server at a preset time interval, until the processing instruction returned by the server is received. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
performing coding compression on the image captured by the camera before the image captured by the camera is transmitted to the server. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the updating the interaction interface comprises: displaying, on the interaction interface, a message indicating that an operation is successful according to the processing instruction when the server determines that the image satisfies the preset requirement. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein updating at least one of the interaction interface and the information display interface according to the processing instruction comprises:
closing the interaction interface and the information display interface according to the processing instruction when the server determines that the image does not satisfy the preset requirement and the push information is displayed for a corresponding playback duration. 9. A terminal device, comprising:
a memory, a processor, and a camera, the processor being configured to: start the camera upon detecting that a preset region in an interaction interface is selected, the interaction interface being displayed on an upper layer of an information display interface, and the information display interface being used for displaying push; transmit an image captured by the camera to a server; obtain a processing instruction returned by the server; and update at least one of the interaction interface or the information display interface according to the processing instruction, comprising: when the server determines that the image satisfies a preset requirement, stopping displaying the push information on the information display interface according to the processing instruction. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
display prompt information on the interaction interface, wherein the prompt information comprises: a photographing operation to be performed and an effect after the photographing operation is completed. 11. The device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to: before the preset region in the interaction interface is selected,
receive a push instruction transmitted by the server, the push instruction comprising the push information and a type corresponding to the push information; determine a target display mode of the interaction interface according to the type of the push information; and display the push information on the information display interface, and display the interaction interface on the upper layer of the information display interface according to the target display mode. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein the type of the push information comprises text and an image; and the target display mode comprises a display position, a display size, and transparency of the interaction interface. 13. The device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
repeatedly transmit, after the image captured by the camera is transmitted to the server, a follow-up image captured by the camera in real time to the server at a preset time interval, until the processing instruction returned by the server is received. 14. The device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
perform coding compression on the image captured by the camera before the image captured by the camera is transmitted to the server. 15. The device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
display, on the interaction interface, a message indicating that an operation is successful according to the processing instruction when the server determines that the image satisfies the preset requirement. 16. The device according to claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
close the interaction interface and the information display interface according to the processing instruction when the server determines that the image does not satisfy the preset requirement and the push information is displayed for a corresponding playback duration. 17. A non-transitory storage medium, storing a data processing program, the data processing program comprising instructions, the instructions, when being executed by a processor of a terminal, causing the processor to perform:
starting a camera in the terminal upon detecting that a preset region in an interaction interface is selected, the interaction interface being displayed on an upper layer of an information display interface, and the information display interface being used for displaying push information; transmitting an image captured by the camera to a server; obtaining a processing instruction returned by the server; and updating at least one of the interaction interface or the information display interface according to the processing instruction, comprising: when the server determines that the image satisfies a preset requirement, stopping displaying the push information on the information display interface according to the processing instruction. 18. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to perform: before the preset region in the interaction interface is selected,
receiving a push instruction transmitted by the server, the push instruction comprising the push information and a type corresponding to the push information; determining a target display mode of the interaction interface according to the type of the push information; and displaying the push information on the information display interface, and displaying the interaction interface on the upper layer of the information display interface according to the target display mode. 19. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to perform:
repeatedly transmitting, after the image captured by the camera is transmitted to the server, a follow-up image captured by the camera in real time to the server at a preset time interval, until the processing instruction returned by the server is received. 20. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein updating at least one of the interaction interface and the information display interface according to the processing instruction comprises:
closing the interaction interface and the information display interface according to the processing instruction when the server determines that the image does not satisfy the preset requirement and the push information is displayed for a corresponding playback duration. | 3,600 |
339,287 | 16,800,210 | 2,844 | A convenient electronic device is provided. An electronic device from which a user can easily read the displayed data is provided. The user can read data with a small motion. A housing of the electronic device includes a first portion positioned on a front surface of the housing, a second portion positioned on a side surface of the housing, a first band attachment portion, and a second band attachment portion. The second portion is configured to display an image. The first band attachment portion is positioned on the side surface on the top side when seen from the front surface side of the housing. The second portion and the second band attachment portion are positioned on the side surface on the bottom side when seen from the front surface side of the housing. The first portion is configured to display an image or includes at least one of an hour hand, a minute hand, and a second hand. | 1. (canceled) 2. A wearable electronic device comprising:
a housing; a first display portion; a second display portion; a first band attachment portion; and a second band attachment portion, wherein the first display portion is on a front surface of the housing, wherein the first band attachment portion is on a first side surface of the housing, wherein the second display portion and the second band attachment portion are on a second side surface of the housing, wherein an image displayed on the first display portion and an image displayed on the second display portion are different, wherein the first display portion comprises a first liquid crystal element and a first light-emitting element which is overlapped with the first liquid crystal element, and wherein the first display portion comprises a first transistor electrically connected to the first light-emitting element and a second transistor electrically connected to the first liquid crystal element. 3. A wearable electronic device comprising:
a housing; a first display portion; a second display portion; a first band attachment portion; and a second band attachment portion, wherein the first display portion is on a front surface of the housing, wherein the first band attachment portion is on a first side surface of the housing, wherein the second display portion and the second band attachment portion are on a second side surface of the housing, wherein an image displayed on the first display portion and an image displayed on the second display portion are different, wherein the first display portion comprises a first liquid crystal element and a first light-emitting element which is overlapped with the first liquid crystal element, wherein the first display portion comprises a first transistor electrically connected to the first light-emitting element and a second transistor electrically connected to the first liquid crystal element, wherein the second display portion comprises a second liquid crystal element and a second light-emitting element which is overlapped with the second liquid crystal element, and wherein the second display portion comprises a third transistor electrically connected to the second light-emitting element and a fourth transistor electrically connected to the second liquid crystal element. 4. The wearable electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the first display portion is configured to display time. 5. The wearable electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the first display portion comprises a touch panel. 6. The wearable electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the second display portion comprises a touch panel. 7. The wearable electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the first display portion comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, and a first insulating layer,
wherein the first liquid crystal element is between the second substrate and the first insulating layer, wherein the first light-emitting element is between the first substrate and the first insulating layer, wherein the first liquid crystal element is configured to reflect light to the second substrate side, and wherein the first light-emitting element is configured to emit light to the second substrate side. 8. The wearable electronic device according to claim 2,
wherein the first band attachment portion and the second band attachment portion are positioned to face each other on a first straight line penetrating the first side surface and the second side surface of the housing, and wherein the second display portion overlaps with a first point on the second band attachment portion side of intersection points where the first straight line and the first side surface and the second side surface of the housing intersect each other. 9. The wearable electronic device according to claim 2, wherein each of the first transistor and the second transistor comprises an oxide semiconductor. 10. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the first display portion is configured to display time. 11. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the first display portion comprises a touch panel. 12. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the second display portion comprises a touch panel. 13. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the first display portion comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, and a first insulating layer,
wherein the first liquid crystal element is between the second substrate and the first insulating layer, wherein the first light-emitting element is between the first substrate and the first insulating layer, wherein the first liquid crystal element is configured to reflect light to the second substrate side, and wherein the first light-emitting element is configured to emit light to the second substrate side. 14. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3,
wherein the first band attachment portion and the second band attachment portion are positioned to face each other on a first straight line penetrating the first side surface and the second side surface of the housing, and wherein the second display portion overlaps with a first point on the second band attachment portion side of intersection points where the first straight line and the first side surface and the second side surface of the housing intersect each other. 15. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3, wherein each of the first transistor and the second transistor comprises an oxide semiconductor. 16. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3, wherein each of the third transistor and the fourth transistor comprises an oxide semiconductor. | A convenient electronic device is provided. An electronic device from which a user can easily read the displayed data is provided. The user can read data with a small motion. A housing of the electronic device includes a first portion positioned on a front surface of the housing, a second portion positioned on a side surface of the housing, a first band attachment portion, and a second band attachment portion. The second portion is configured to display an image. The first band attachment portion is positioned on the side surface on the top side when seen from the front surface side of the housing. The second portion and the second band attachment portion are positioned on the side surface on the bottom side when seen from the front surface side of the housing. The first portion is configured to display an image or includes at least one of an hour hand, a minute hand, and a second hand.1. (canceled) 2. A wearable electronic device comprising:
a housing; a first display portion; a second display portion; a first band attachment portion; and a second band attachment portion, wherein the first display portion is on a front surface of the housing, wherein the first band attachment portion is on a first side surface of the housing, wherein the second display portion and the second band attachment portion are on a second side surface of the housing, wherein an image displayed on the first display portion and an image displayed on the second display portion are different, wherein the first display portion comprises a first liquid crystal element and a first light-emitting element which is overlapped with the first liquid crystal element, and wherein the first display portion comprises a first transistor electrically connected to the first light-emitting element and a second transistor electrically connected to the first liquid crystal element. 3. A wearable electronic device comprising:
a housing; a first display portion; a second display portion; a first band attachment portion; and a second band attachment portion, wherein the first display portion is on a front surface of the housing, wherein the first band attachment portion is on a first side surface of the housing, wherein the second display portion and the second band attachment portion are on a second side surface of the housing, wherein an image displayed on the first display portion and an image displayed on the second display portion are different, wherein the first display portion comprises a first liquid crystal element and a first light-emitting element which is overlapped with the first liquid crystal element, wherein the first display portion comprises a first transistor electrically connected to the first light-emitting element and a second transistor electrically connected to the first liquid crystal element, wherein the second display portion comprises a second liquid crystal element and a second light-emitting element which is overlapped with the second liquid crystal element, and wherein the second display portion comprises a third transistor electrically connected to the second light-emitting element and a fourth transistor electrically connected to the second liquid crystal element. 4. The wearable electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the first display portion is configured to display time. 5. The wearable electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the first display portion comprises a touch panel. 6. The wearable electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the second display portion comprises a touch panel. 7. The wearable electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the first display portion comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, and a first insulating layer,
wherein the first liquid crystal element is between the second substrate and the first insulating layer, wherein the first light-emitting element is between the first substrate and the first insulating layer, wherein the first liquid crystal element is configured to reflect light to the second substrate side, and wherein the first light-emitting element is configured to emit light to the second substrate side. 8. The wearable electronic device according to claim 2,
wherein the first band attachment portion and the second band attachment portion are positioned to face each other on a first straight line penetrating the first side surface and the second side surface of the housing, and wherein the second display portion overlaps with a first point on the second band attachment portion side of intersection points where the first straight line and the first side surface and the second side surface of the housing intersect each other. 9. The wearable electronic device according to claim 2, wherein each of the first transistor and the second transistor comprises an oxide semiconductor. 10. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the first display portion is configured to display time. 11. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the first display portion comprises a touch panel. 12. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the second display portion comprises a touch panel. 13. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3, wherein the first display portion comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, and a first insulating layer,
wherein the first liquid crystal element is between the second substrate and the first insulating layer, wherein the first light-emitting element is between the first substrate and the first insulating layer, wherein the first liquid crystal element is configured to reflect light to the second substrate side, and wherein the first light-emitting element is configured to emit light to the second substrate side. 14. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3,
wherein the first band attachment portion and the second band attachment portion are positioned to face each other on a first straight line penetrating the first side surface and the second side surface of the housing, and wherein the second display portion overlaps with a first point on the second band attachment portion side of intersection points where the first straight line and the first side surface and the second side surface of the housing intersect each other. 15. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3, wherein each of the first transistor and the second transistor comprises an oxide semiconductor. 16. The wearable electronic device according to claim 3, wherein each of the third transistor and the fourth transistor comprises an oxide semiconductor. | 2,800 |
339,288 | 16,800,199 | 2,866 | The disclosure relates to a field camera and a method for measuring a magnetic field distribution using a magnetic resonance tomograph and the field camera. The field camera has a number of samples, which are distributed over a spatial volume to be measured, and a number of receive antennas. In an act of the method, a sensitivity matrix for the receive antennas, for each sample at each receive antenna, is captured using the magnetic resonance tomograph. In another act, antenna signals of the samples in a magnetic field to be measured are captured by the receive antennas, using the magnetic resonance tomograph. Finally, magnetic resonance signals of the individual samples are determined from the antenna signals as a function of the sensitivity matrix, using a controller. In a further act, the magnetic field strength at the location of the samples may be determined from the magnetic resonance signals. | 1. A field camera for capturing a magnetic field distribution by a magnetic resonance measurement, the field camera comprising:
a number of samples distributed over a spatial volume to be measured; a number of receive antennas, wherein each receive antenna has a receive volume, wherein the receive antennas are arranged relative to the spatial volume to be measured in such a way that two of the samples are arranged in at least one receive volume of the receive volumes, wherein the receive volumes are at least partially separate, wherein at least one sample is arranged in each receive volume, and wherein the number of receive antennas is greater than or equal to the number of samples. 2. The field camera of claim 1, wherein the receive antennas at least partially surround an outer extent of the spatial volume to be measured. 3. The field camera of claim 2, wherein at least one sample of the samples has an inductively coupled first resonant circuit at a Larmor frequency. 4. The field camera of claim 1, wherein at least one sample of the samples has an inductively coupled first resonant circuit at a Larmor frequency. 5. The field camera of claim 4, wherein the first resonant circuit has a coil and a capacitor, and
wherein the capacitor is formed from twisted insulated conductor ends of the coil. 6. The field camera of claim 5, wherein the first resonant circuit has two different resonant frequencies. 7. The field camera of claim 6, wherein the field camera has a second resonant circuit,
wherein the first resonant circuit is inductively coupled to the second resonant circuit, and wherein the second resonant circuit has a larger induction surface than the first resonant circuit. 8. The field camera of claim 4, wherein the first resonant circuit has two different resonant frequencies. 9. The field camera of claim 4, wherein the field camera has a second resonant circuit,
wherein the first resonant circuit is inductively coupled to the second resonant circuit, and wherein the second resonant circuit has a larger induction surface than the first resonant circuit. 10. A method for measuring a magnetic field distribution using a magnetic resonance tomograph and a field camera, the method comprising:
providing the field camera having a number of samples distributed over a spatial volume to be measured and a number of receive antennas, wherein each receive antenna has a receive volume, wherein the receive antennas are arranged relative to the spatial volume to be measured in such a way that two of the samples are arranged in at least one receive volume of the receive volumes, wherein the receive volumes are at least partially separate, wherein at least one sample is arranged in each receive volume, and wherein the number of receive antennas is greater than or equal to the number of samples; capturing a sensitivity matrix for the receive antennas, with a sensitivity for each sample at each receive antenna, using the magnetic resonance tomograph; capturing, by the receive antennas, antenna signals of the samples in a magnetic field to be measured, using the magnetic resonance tomograph; and determining the magnetic resonance signals of the individual samples from the antenna signals as a function of the sensitivity matrix, using a controller. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
defining an inverse matrix to the sensitivity matrix; and determining the magnetic resonance signals of the individual samples by multiplying a vector with the inverse matrix. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the magnetic resonance tomograph has a gradient system and the field camera is arranged in the magnetic resonance tomograph,
wherein the capturing a sensitivity matrix further comprises:
determining a magnetic field gradient under whose influence each sample is subjected to a different magnetic field; and
generating the determined field gradient by the gradient system during the capture of the sensitivity matrix. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the magnetic resonance tomograph has a gradient system and the field camera is arranged in the magnetic resonance tomograph,
wherein the capturing a sensitivity matrix further comprises:
determining a magnetic field gradient under whose influence each sample is subjected to a different magnetic field; and
generating the determined field gradient by the gradient system during the capture of the sensitivity matrix. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the capturing a sensitivity matrix further comprises:
weighting the antenna signals with a time-dependent window function in order to sharpen a spectral distribution during the capture of the sensitivity matrix. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which is stored electronically readable control information, wherein the electronically readable control information, when executed by a controller of a magnetic resonance tomograph, is configured to cause the magnetic resonance tomograph to:
capture a sensitivity matrix for receive antennas of a field camera, with a sensitivity for each sample at each receive antenna, wherein each receive antenna has a receive volume; capture, by the receive antennas, antenna signals of samples in a magnetic field to be measured, wherein the receive antennas are arranged relative to a spatial volume to be measured in such a way that two of the samples are arranged in at least one receive volume of the receive volumes, wherein the receive volumes are at least partially separate, wherein at least one sample of the samples is arranged in each receive volume, and wherein a number of receive antennas is greater than or equal to a number of samples; and determine the magnetic resonance signals of the individual samples from the antenna signals as a function of the sensitivity matrix. | The disclosure relates to a field camera and a method for measuring a magnetic field distribution using a magnetic resonance tomograph and the field camera. The field camera has a number of samples, which are distributed over a spatial volume to be measured, and a number of receive antennas. In an act of the method, a sensitivity matrix for the receive antennas, for each sample at each receive antenna, is captured using the magnetic resonance tomograph. In another act, antenna signals of the samples in a magnetic field to be measured are captured by the receive antennas, using the magnetic resonance tomograph. Finally, magnetic resonance signals of the individual samples are determined from the antenna signals as a function of the sensitivity matrix, using a controller. In a further act, the magnetic field strength at the location of the samples may be determined from the magnetic resonance signals.1. A field camera for capturing a magnetic field distribution by a magnetic resonance measurement, the field camera comprising:
a number of samples distributed over a spatial volume to be measured; a number of receive antennas, wherein each receive antenna has a receive volume, wherein the receive antennas are arranged relative to the spatial volume to be measured in such a way that two of the samples are arranged in at least one receive volume of the receive volumes, wherein the receive volumes are at least partially separate, wherein at least one sample is arranged in each receive volume, and wherein the number of receive antennas is greater than or equal to the number of samples. 2. The field camera of claim 1, wherein the receive antennas at least partially surround an outer extent of the spatial volume to be measured. 3. The field camera of claim 2, wherein at least one sample of the samples has an inductively coupled first resonant circuit at a Larmor frequency. 4. The field camera of claim 1, wherein at least one sample of the samples has an inductively coupled first resonant circuit at a Larmor frequency. 5. The field camera of claim 4, wherein the first resonant circuit has a coil and a capacitor, and
wherein the capacitor is formed from twisted insulated conductor ends of the coil. 6. The field camera of claim 5, wherein the first resonant circuit has two different resonant frequencies. 7. The field camera of claim 6, wherein the field camera has a second resonant circuit,
wherein the first resonant circuit is inductively coupled to the second resonant circuit, and wherein the second resonant circuit has a larger induction surface than the first resonant circuit. 8. The field camera of claim 4, wherein the first resonant circuit has two different resonant frequencies. 9. The field camera of claim 4, wherein the field camera has a second resonant circuit,
wherein the first resonant circuit is inductively coupled to the second resonant circuit, and wherein the second resonant circuit has a larger induction surface than the first resonant circuit. 10. A method for measuring a magnetic field distribution using a magnetic resonance tomograph and a field camera, the method comprising:
providing the field camera having a number of samples distributed over a spatial volume to be measured and a number of receive antennas, wherein each receive antenna has a receive volume, wherein the receive antennas are arranged relative to the spatial volume to be measured in such a way that two of the samples are arranged in at least one receive volume of the receive volumes, wherein the receive volumes are at least partially separate, wherein at least one sample is arranged in each receive volume, and wherein the number of receive antennas is greater than or equal to the number of samples; capturing a sensitivity matrix for the receive antennas, with a sensitivity for each sample at each receive antenna, using the magnetic resonance tomograph; capturing, by the receive antennas, antenna signals of the samples in a magnetic field to be measured, using the magnetic resonance tomograph; and determining the magnetic resonance signals of the individual samples from the antenna signals as a function of the sensitivity matrix, using a controller. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
defining an inverse matrix to the sensitivity matrix; and determining the magnetic resonance signals of the individual samples by multiplying a vector with the inverse matrix. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the magnetic resonance tomograph has a gradient system and the field camera is arranged in the magnetic resonance tomograph,
wherein the capturing a sensitivity matrix further comprises:
determining a magnetic field gradient under whose influence each sample is subjected to a different magnetic field; and
generating the determined field gradient by the gradient system during the capture of the sensitivity matrix. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the magnetic resonance tomograph has a gradient system and the field camera is arranged in the magnetic resonance tomograph,
wherein the capturing a sensitivity matrix further comprises:
determining a magnetic field gradient under whose influence each sample is subjected to a different magnetic field; and
generating the determined field gradient by the gradient system during the capture of the sensitivity matrix. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the capturing a sensitivity matrix further comprises:
weighting the antenna signals with a time-dependent window function in order to sharpen a spectral distribution during the capture of the sensitivity matrix. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which is stored electronically readable control information, wherein the electronically readable control information, when executed by a controller of a magnetic resonance tomograph, is configured to cause the magnetic resonance tomograph to:
capture a sensitivity matrix for receive antennas of a field camera, with a sensitivity for each sample at each receive antenna, wherein each receive antenna has a receive volume; capture, by the receive antennas, antenna signals of samples in a magnetic field to be measured, wherein the receive antennas are arranged relative to a spatial volume to be measured in such a way that two of the samples are arranged in at least one receive volume of the receive volumes, wherein the receive volumes are at least partially separate, wherein at least one sample of the samples is arranged in each receive volume, and wherein a number of receive antennas is greater than or equal to a number of samples; and determine the magnetic resonance signals of the individual samples from the antenna signals as a function of the sensitivity matrix. | 2,800 |
339,289 | 16,800,113 | 2,866 | An air conditioner includes a suction panel including a suction grille that defines a suction port configured to receive air, an heat exchanger and a fan that are positioned within the case, and an ion generator disposed in the suction panel and configured to generate ions in the air received through the suction port. The suction panel defines an installation groove recessed from an upper surface of the suction panel and configured to receive the ion generator therein. The ion generator is accommodated inside the installation groove and configured to provide ions toward the upper surface of the suction panel in an upward direction that defines a preset angle with respect to the suction panel. | 1. An air conditioner comprising:
a case comprising a suction panel, the suction panel comprising a suction grille that defines a suction port configured to receive air; an heat exchanger and a fan that are positioned within the case; and an ion generator disposed in the suction panel and configured to generate ions in the air received through the suction port, wherein the suction panel defines an installation groove recessed from an upper surface of the suction panel and configured to receive the ion generator therein, and wherein the ion generator is accommodated inside the installation groove and configured to provide ions toward the upper surface in an upward direction defining a preset angle with respect to the upper surface of the suction panel. 2. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the installation groove is defined at a side of the suction grille and has a conic shape having a predetermined diameter across a central axis of the installation groove. 3. The air conditioner of claim 2, wherein the central axis of the installation groove is inclined with respect to the suction panel by the preset angle. 4. The air conditioner of claim 3, wherein the ion generator comprises a wire that extends along the central axis of the installation groove. 5. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the installation groove has a conic shape,
wherein the ion generator comprises a wire that extends along an axis of the installation groove, and wherein a diameter of the installation groove decreases as the installation groove extends inward from the upper surface of the suction panel. 6. The air conditioner of claim 5, wherein the suction panel defines a hole inside the installation groove, the hole having a size corresponding to an external surface of the wire, and
wherein the wire passes through the hole and is connected to a voltage source. 7. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the ion generator comprises a wire having an end portion accommodated inside the installation groove and configured to generate ions based on a voltage applied to the ion generator. 8. The air conditioner of claim 7, wherein the end portion of the wire is spaced apart from an internal wall of the suction panel that faces the installation groove. 9. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the case further comprises:
a coupling panel configured to be attached to a wall surface, wherein the suction panel extends forward from an upper end of the coupling panel; a discharge panel that extends from a front end of the suction panel to a lower end of the coupling panel, the discharge panel defining a discharge port configured to discharge air passing through the heat exchanger; and a pair of lateral surface panels that are coupled to the suction panel, the discharge panel, and opposite lateral surfaces of the coupling panel. 10. The air conditioner of claim 9, wherein the ion generator comprises a pair of ion generators that are respectively spaced apart from opposite sides of the suction grille and positioned adjacent to the pair of lateral surface panels. 11. The air conditioner of claim 9, wherein the ion generator is disposed at one side of the suction grille and positioned adjacent to the coupling panel. 12. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the ion generator comprises:
a plurality of wires that are configured to generate ions and that extend in one or more predetermine angles with respect to the suction panel; and a base and a cover that are detachably coupled to each other to define a space configured to accommodate the plurality of wires. 13. The air conditioner of claim 12, wherein the plurality of wires are installed on the base or the cover and configured to generate and provide ions in different angles from each other with respect to the suction panel and to provide ions in the upward direction of the suction port. 14. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the preset angle is in a range from 30 degrees to 60 degrees with respect to the upper surface of the suction panel. 15. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the preset angle is equal to 45 degrees with respect to the upper surface of the suction panel. 16. An air conditioner comprising:
a suction panel that defines a suction port configured to receive air; and an ion generator disposed in the suction panel and configured to generate ions in the air received through the suction port, the ion generator comprising at least one wire having an end portion configured to generate and provide ions in an upward direction of the suction port in response to a voltage being applied to the ion generator, wherein the at least one wire extends in a direction that defines a preset angle in a range from 30 degrees to 60 degrees with respect to the suction panel. 17. The air conditioner of claim 16, wherein the ion generator is accommodated within the suction panel, and
wherein the end portion of the wire is positioned vertically below an upper surface of the suction panel. 18. The air conditioner of claim 17, wherein the suction panel defines an installation groove that is disposed at one side of the suction port and configured to accommodate the ion generator therein. 19. The air conditioner of claim 18, wherein the installation groove has a conic shape, and
wherein a diameter of the installation groove decreases as the installation groove extends inward from the suction panel along a central axis, the central axis being inclined with respect to the suction panel by the preset angle. 20. The air conditioner of claim 16, wherein the ion generator comprises a plurality of wires that extend in the direction that defines the preset angle with respect to the suction panel. | An air conditioner includes a suction panel including a suction grille that defines a suction port configured to receive air, an heat exchanger and a fan that are positioned within the case, and an ion generator disposed in the suction panel and configured to generate ions in the air received through the suction port. The suction panel defines an installation groove recessed from an upper surface of the suction panel and configured to receive the ion generator therein. The ion generator is accommodated inside the installation groove and configured to provide ions toward the upper surface of the suction panel in an upward direction that defines a preset angle with respect to the suction panel.1. An air conditioner comprising:
a case comprising a suction panel, the suction panel comprising a suction grille that defines a suction port configured to receive air; an heat exchanger and a fan that are positioned within the case; and an ion generator disposed in the suction panel and configured to generate ions in the air received through the suction port, wherein the suction panel defines an installation groove recessed from an upper surface of the suction panel and configured to receive the ion generator therein, and wherein the ion generator is accommodated inside the installation groove and configured to provide ions toward the upper surface in an upward direction defining a preset angle with respect to the upper surface of the suction panel. 2. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the installation groove is defined at a side of the suction grille and has a conic shape having a predetermined diameter across a central axis of the installation groove. 3. The air conditioner of claim 2, wherein the central axis of the installation groove is inclined with respect to the suction panel by the preset angle. 4. The air conditioner of claim 3, wherein the ion generator comprises a wire that extends along the central axis of the installation groove. 5. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the installation groove has a conic shape,
wherein the ion generator comprises a wire that extends along an axis of the installation groove, and wherein a diameter of the installation groove decreases as the installation groove extends inward from the upper surface of the suction panel. 6. The air conditioner of claim 5, wherein the suction panel defines a hole inside the installation groove, the hole having a size corresponding to an external surface of the wire, and
wherein the wire passes through the hole and is connected to a voltage source. 7. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the ion generator comprises a wire having an end portion accommodated inside the installation groove and configured to generate ions based on a voltage applied to the ion generator. 8. The air conditioner of claim 7, wherein the end portion of the wire is spaced apart from an internal wall of the suction panel that faces the installation groove. 9. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the case further comprises:
a coupling panel configured to be attached to a wall surface, wherein the suction panel extends forward from an upper end of the coupling panel; a discharge panel that extends from a front end of the suction panel to a lower end of the coupling panel, the discharge panel defining a discharge port configured to discharge air passing through the heat exchanger; and a pair of lateral surface panels that are coupled to the suction panel, the discharge panel, and opposite lateral surfaces of the coupling panel. 10. The air conditioner of claim 9, wherein the ion generator comprises a pair of ion generators that are respectively spaced apart from opposite sides of the suction grille and positioned adjacent to the pair of lateral surface panels. 11. The air conditioner of claim 9, wherein the ion generator is disposed at one side of the suction grille and positioned adjacent to the coupling panel. 12. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the ion generator comprises:
a plurality of wires that are configured to generate ions and that extend in one or more predetermine angles with respect to the suction panel; and a base and a cover that are detachably coupled to each other to define a space configured to accommodate the plurality of wires. 13. The air conditioner of claim 12, wherein the plurality of wires are installed on the base or the cover and configured to generate and provide ions in different angles from each other with respect to the suction panel and to provide ions in the upward direction of the suction port. 14. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the preset angle is in a range from 30 degrees to 60 degrees with respect to the upper surface of the suction panel. 15. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the preset angle is equal to 45 degrees with respect to the upper surface of the suction panel. 16. An air conditioner comprising:
a suction panel that defines a suction port configured to receive air; and an ion generator disposed in the suction panel and configured to generate ions in the air received through the suction port, the ion generator comprising at least one wire having an end portion configured to generate and provide ions in an upward direction of the suction port in response to a voltage being applied to the ion generator, wherein the at least one wire extends in a direction that defines a preset angle in a range from 30 degrees to 60 degrees with respect to the suction panel. 17. The air conditioner of claim 16, wherein the ion generator is accommodated within the suction panel, and
wherein the end portion of the wire is positioned vertically below an upper surface of the suction panel. 18. The air conditioner of claim 17, wherein the suction panel defines an installation groove that is disposed at one side of the suction port and configured to accommodate the ion generator therein. 19. The air conditioner of claim 18, wherein the installation groove has a conic shape, and
wherein a diameter of the installation groove decreases as the installation groove extends inward from the suction panel along a central axis, the central axis being inclined with respect to the suction panel by the preset angle. 20. The air conditioner of claim 16, wherein the ion generator comprises a plurality of wires that extend in the direction that defines the preset angle with respect to the suction panel. | 2,800 |
339,290 | 16,800,140 | 2,866 | An alternator driving apparatus for driving an alternator may include a crank pulley mounted on a crank shaft of an engine, an alternator pulley connected to the crank pulley through a driving belt, an alternator shaft connected between the alternator and the alternator pulley, and a rotation speed varying mechanism configured to vary a rotation speed of the alternator shaft. | 1-14. (canceled) 15. A method for controlling an alternator driving apparatus wherein the alternator driving apparatus comprises a crank pulley mounted on a crank shaft of an engine, an alternator pulley connected to the crank pulley through a driving belt, an alternator shaft connected between the alternator and the alternator pulley, and a roation speed varying mechanism configured to vary a rotation speed of the alternator shaft, the method comprising:
monitoring an external temperature, a current of a battery, a speed of the engine; in any one of a condition in which an external temperature is not less than a predetermined temperature, a condition in which the current of the battery is not less than a predetermined current, and a condition in which the rotation speed of the engine is a high or middle speed which is higher than a predetermined speed, the alternator shaft is rotated at a same rotation speed as a rotation speed of the alternator pulley. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein in any one of a condition in which an external temperature is not more than a predetermined temperature, a condition in which the current of the battery is not more than the predetermined current, and a condition in which the rotation speed of the engine is a speed lower than the predetermined speed, the alternator shaft is rotated at a rotation speed which is higher than the rotation speed of the alternator pulley. | An alternator driving apparatus for driving an alternator may include a crank pulley mounted on a crank shaft of an engine, an alternator pulley connected to the crank pulley through a driving belt, an alternator shaft connected between the alternator and the alternator pulley, and a rotation speed varying mechanism configured to vary a rotation speed of the alternator shaft.1-14. (canceled) 15. A method for controlling an alternator driving apparatus wherein the alternator driving apparatus comprises a crank pulley mounted on a crank shaft of an engine, an alternator pulley connected to the crank pulley through a driving belt, an alternator shaft connected between the alternator and the alternator pulley, and a roation speed varying mechanism configured to vary a rotation speed of the alternator shaft, the method comprising:
monitoring an external temperature, a current of a battery, a speed of the engine; in any one of a condition in which an external temperature is not less than a predetermined temperature, a condition in which the current of the battery is not less than a predetermined current, and a condition in which the rotation speed of the engine is a high or middle speed which is higher than a predetermined speed, the alternator shaft is rotated at a same rotation speed as a rotation speed of the alternator pulley. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein in any one of a condition in which an external temperature is not more than a predetermined temperature, a condition in which the current of the battery is not more than the predetermined current, and a condition in which the rotation speed of the engine is a speed lower than the predetermined speed, the alternator shaft is rotated at a rotation speed which is higher than the rotation speed of the alternator pulley. | 2,800 |
339,291 | 16,800,187 | 2,628 | A tracking device including an image sensor, a light source and a processor is provided. The image sensor senses reflected light or scattered light formed by the light source illuminating a work surface. The processor calculates a trace of the tracking device according to one of the reflected light and the scattered light that generates more apparent image features so as to increase the adaptable work surfaces. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
an image sensor; a lens; a first light source configured to emit light toward a work surface to generate reflected light that impinges on the image sensor without passing through the lens; and a second light source configured to emit light toward the work surface to generate scattered light that impinges on the image sensor passing through the lens, wherein the image sensor is disposed between the first light source and the second light source. 2. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a processor configured to control one of the first light source and the second light source to emit the light. 3. The electronic device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to
calculate image features of image frames outputted by the image sensor, and control the first light source and the second light source according to the image features. 4. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the first light source is a laser diode, and the second light source is a light emitting diode or a laser diode. 5. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a third light source configured to emit light toward the work surface, wherein
the third light source is a dot light source, and the first light source and second light source are turned off when the third light source is turned on. 6. The electronic device as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a processor configured to calculate a distance from the work surface according to image frames captured by the image sensor when the third light source is turned on. 7. The electronic device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to adjust a ratio of detected displacement with respect to the work surface according to the distance to output identical counts per inch. 8. The electronic device as claimed in claim 5, wherein reflected light associated with the light from the third light source passes through the lens. 9. The electronic device as claimed in claim 5, wherein an emission direction of the first light source is different from an emission direction of the third light source. 10. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an emission direction of the first light source is different from an emission direction of the second light source. 11. An electronic device, comprising:
a housing; an image sensor; a lens; a first light source configured to emit light toward a work surface to generate reflected light that directly impinges on the image sensor; and a second light source configured to emit light toward the work surface to generate scattered light that impinges on the image sensor through the lens, wherein the image sensor is disposed between the first light source and the second light source, and the image sensor, the lens, the first light source and the second light source are disposed inside the housing. 12. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a processor configured to control one of the first light source and the second light source to emit the light. 13. The electronic device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to
calculate image features of image frames outputted by the image sensor, and control the first light source and the second light source according to the image features. 14. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, wherein
the first light source is a laser diode, and the second light source is a light emitting diode or a laser diode. 15. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a third light source configured to emit light toward the work surface, wherein
the third light source is a dot light source, and the first light source and second light source are turned off when the third light source is turned on. 16. The electronic device as claimed in claim 15, further comprising a processor configured to calculate a distance from the work surface according to image frames captured by the image sensor when the third light source is turned on. 17. The electronic device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to adjust a ratio of detected displacement with respect to the work surface according to the distance to output identical counts per inch. 18. The electronic device as claimed in claim 15, wherein reflected light associated with the light from the third light source passes through the lens. 19. The electronic device as claimed in claim 15, wherein an emission direction of the first light source is different from an emission direction of the third light source. 20. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, wherein an emission direction of the first light source is different from an emission direction of the second light source. | A tracking device including an image sensor, a light source and a processor is provided. The image sensor senses reflected light or scattered light formed by the light source illuminating a work surface. The processor calculates a trace of the tracking device according to one of the reflected light and the scattered light that generates more apparent image features so as to increase the adaptable work surfaces.1. An electronic device, comprising:
an image sensor; a lens; a first light source configured to emit light toward a work surface to generate reflected light that impinges on the image sensor without passing through the lens; and a second light source configured to emit light toward the work surface to generate scattered light that impinges on the image sensor passing through the lens, wherein the image sensor is disposed between the first light source and the second light source. 2. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a processor configured to control one of the first light source and the second light source to emit the light. 3. The electronic device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to
calculate image features of image frames outputted by the image sensor, and control the first light source and the second light source according to the image features. 4. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the first light source is a laser diode, and the second light source is a light emitting diode or a laser diode. 5. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a third light source configured to emit light toward the work surface, wherein
the third light source is a dot light source, and the first light source and second light source are turned off when the third light source is turned on. 6. The electronic device as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a processor configured to calculate a distance from the work surface according to image frames captured by the image sensor when the third light source is turned on. 7. The electronic device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to adjust a ratio of detected displacement with respect to the work surface according to the distance to output identical counts per inch. 8. The electronic device as claimed in claim 5, wherein reflected light associated with the light from the third light source passes through the lens. 9. The electronic device as claimed in claim 5, wherein an emission direction of the first light source is different from an emission direction of the third light source. 10. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an emission direction of the first light source is different from an emission direction of the second light source. 11. An electronic device, comprising:
a housing; an image sensor; a lens; a first light source configured to emit light toward a work surface to generate reflected light that directly impinges on the image sensor; and a second light source configured to emit light toward the work surface to generate scattered light that impinges on the image sensor through the lens, wherein the image sensor is disposed between the first light source and the second light source, and the image sensor, the lens, the first light source and the second light source are disposed inside the housing. 12. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a processor configured to control one of the first light source and the second light source to emit the light. 13. The electronic device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to
calculate image features of image frames outputted by the image sensor, and control the first light source and the second light source according to the image features. 14. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, wherein
the first light source is a laser diode, and the second light source is a light emitting diode or a laser diode. 15. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a third light source configured to emit light toward the work surface, wherein
the third light source is a dot light source, and the first light source and second light source are turned off when the third light source is turned on. 16. The electronic device as claimed in claim 15, further comprising a processor configured to calculate a distance from the work surface according to image frames captured by the image sensor when the third light source is turned on. 17. The electronic device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to adjust a ratio of detected displacement with respect to the work surface according to the distance to output identical counts per inch. 18. The electronic device as claimed in claim 15, wherein reflected light associated with the light from the third light source passes through the lens. 19. The electronic device as claimed in claim 15, wherein an emission direction of the first light source is different from an emission direction of the third light source. 20. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, wherein an emission direction of the first light source is different from an emission direction of the second light source. | 2,600 |
339,292 | 16,800,178 | 2,628 | A composition including a standardized Wedelia chinensis extract and a method of treating an androgen-stimulated disorder with such a composition. Also provided are a method for qualifying a standardized preparation of a Wedelia chinensis extract for treating an androgen-stimulated disorder and a method for treating said disorder with a thus qualified preparation. | 1. A composition comprising a standardized Wedelia chinensis extract prepared by a method comprising:
providing an ethanolic extract of Wedelia chinensis; acid-hydrolyzing the ethanolic extract; neutralizing the acid-treated ethanolic extract; applying the neutralized acid-treated ethanolic extract to a reverse phase column; eluting and collecting fractions from the reverse phase column; assaying in vitro the collected fractions for anti-androgen receptor activity; and combining fractions having the highest anti-androgen receptor activity amongst the collected fractions. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the eluting step is achieved with a water:ethanol gradient. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the water:ethanol gradient is from 80% water:20% ethanol to 50% water:50% ethanol by volume. 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein six fractions are collected. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein in the combining step, two fractions having the highest anti-androgen receptor activity as compared to the anti-androgen receptor activity of each of the fractions are combined. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the anti-androgen receptor activity is determined by a prostate-specific antigen promoter/reporter assay. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the fractions having the highest anti-androgen receptor activity have an IC50≤300 ng/ml in the reporter assay. 8. A method for qualifying a standardized preparation of a Wedelia chinensis extract for treating an androgen-stimulated disorder, the method comprising:
obtaining a plurality of standardized preparations of a Wedelia chinensis extract, each standardized preparation containing abundant and minor compounds; analyzing each standardized preparation to quantify the most abundant compounds therein; assaying each standardized preparation for anti-androgen receptor activity in vitro; and correlating the quantities of the most abundant compounds in each standardized preparation with the corresponding in vitro anti-androgen receptor activity, thereby determining a threshold activity level, wherein each standardized preparation of the Wedelia chinensis extract is qualified for treating an androgen-stimulated disorder if its anti-androgen receptor activity is higher than the determined threshold activity level. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the correlating step is carried out by principle component analysis followed by orthogonal signal correction partial least squares discriminant analysis. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the anti-androgen receptor activity is assayed by a prostate-specific antigen promoter/reporter assay. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the analyzing step is carried out by LC-MS-MS. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of standardized preparations of a Wedelia chinensis extract are obtained by carrying out a method comprising:
providing an ethanolic extract of Wedelia chinensis; acid-hydrolyzing the ethanolic extract; neutralizing the acid-treated ethanolic extract; applying the neutralized acid-treated ethanolic extract to a reverse phase column; eluting and collecting fractions from the reverse phase column; assaying in vitro the collected fractions for anti-androgen receptor activity; and combining fractions having the highest anti-androgen receptor activity amongst the collected fractions. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein
the correlating step is carried out by principle component analysis followed by orthogonal signal correction partial least squares discriminant analysis, the anti-androgen receptor activity is assayed by a prostate-specific antigen promoter/reporter assay, and the analyzing step is carried out by LC-MS-MS. 14. A method for treating an androgen-stimulated disorder in a subject, the method comprising identifying a subject in need of treatment for an androgen-stimulated disorder and administering to the subject in need thereof the composition of claim 1 in an amount effective for treating the androgen-stimulated disorder. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the standardized Wedelia chinensis extract in the composition has been qualified by the method of claim 9 prior to the administering step. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the androgen-stimulated disorder is prostate cancer, benign prostate hypertrophy, breast cancer, male alopecia, Propionibacterium acnes infection, polycystic ovarian syndrome, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, or hyperandrogenism. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the prostate cancer is castration-resistant prostate cancer. 18. A method for treating an androgen-stimulated disorder comprising identifying a subject in need thereof and administering to the subject a qualified standardized Wedelia chinensis extract, wherein the Wedelia chinensis extract is qualified by the method of claim 8. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the androgen-stimulated disorder is prostate cancer, benign prostate hypertrophy, breast cancer, male alopecia, Propionibacterium acnes infection, polycystic ovarian syndrome, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, or hyperandrogenism. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the prostate cancer is castration-resistant prostate cancer. | A composition including a standardized Wedelia chinensis extract and a method of treating an androgen-stimulated disorder with such a composition. Also provided are a method for qualifying a standardized preparation of a Wedelia chinensis extract for treating an androgen-stimulated disorder and a method for treating said disorder with a thus qualified preparation.1. A composition comprising a standardized Wedelia chinensis extract prepared by a method comprising:
providing an ethanolic extract of Wedelia chinensis; acid-hydrolyzing the ethanolic extract; neutralizing the acid-treated ethanolic extract; applying the neutralized acid-treated ethanolic extract to a reverse phase column; eluting and collecting fractions from the reverse phase column; assaying in vitro the collected fractions for anti-androgen receptor activity; and combining fractions having the highest anti-androgen receptor activity amongst the collected fractions. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the eluting step is achieved with a water:ethanol gradient. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the water:ethanol gradient is from 80% water:20% ethanol to 50% water:50% ethanol by volume. 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein six fractions are collected. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein in the combining step, two fractions having the highest anti-androgen receptor activity as compared to the anti-androgen receptor activity of each of the fractions are combined. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the anti-androgen receptor activity is determined by a prostate-specific antigen promoter/reporter assay. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the fractions having the highest anti-androgen receptor activity have an IC50≤300 ng/ml in the reporter assay. 8. A method for qualifying a standardized preparation of a Wedelia chinensis extract for treating an androgen-stimulated disorder, the method comprising:
obtaining a plurality of standardized preparations of a Wedelia chinensis extract, each standardized preparation containing abundant and minor compounds; analyzing each standardized preparation to quantify the most abundant compounds therein; assaying each standardized preparation for anti-androgen receptor activity in vitro; and correlating the quantities of the most abundant compounds in each standardized preparation with the corresponding in vitro anti-androgen receptor activity, thereby determining a threshold activity level, wherein each standardized preparation of the Wedelia chinensis extract is qualified for treating an androgen-stimulated disorder if its anti-androgen receptor activity is higher than the determined threshold activity level. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the correlating step is carried out by principle component analysis followed by orthogonal signal correction partial least squares discriminant analysis. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the anti-androgen receptor activity is assayed by a prostate-specific antigen promoter/reporter assay. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the analyzing step is carried out by LC-MS-MS. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of standardized preparations of a Wedelia chinensis extract are obtained by carrying out a method comprising:
providing an ethanolic extract of Wedelia chinensis; acid-hydrolyzing the ethanolic extract; neutralizing the acid-treated ethanolic extract; applying the neutralized acid-treated ethanolic extract to a reverse phase column; eluting and collecting fractions from the reverse phase column; assaying in vitro the collected fractions for anti-androgen receptor activity; and combining fractions having the highest anti-androgen receptor activity amongst the collected fractions. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein
the correlating step is carried out by principle component analysis followed by orthogonal signal correction partial least squares discriminant analysis, the anti-androgen receptor activity is assayed by a prostate-specific antigen promoter/reporter assay, and the analyzing step is carried out by LC-MS-MS. 14. A method for treating an androgen-stimulated disorder in a subject, the method comprising identifying a subject in need of treatment for an androgen-stimulated disorder and administering to the subject in need thereof the composition of claim 1 in an amount effective for treating the androgen-stimulated disorder. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the standardized Wedelia chinensis extract in the composition has been qualified by the method of claim 9 prior to the administering step. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the androgen-stimulated disorder is prostate cancer, benign prostate hypertrophy, breast cancer, male alopecia, Propionibacterium acnes infection, polycystic ovarian syndrome, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, or hyperandrogenism. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the prostate cancer is castration-resistant prostate cancer. 18. A method for treating an androgen-stimulated disorder comprising identifying a subject in need thereof and administering to the subject a qualified standardized Wedelia chinensis extract, wherein the Wedelia chinensis extract is qualified by the method of claim 8. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the androgen-stimulated disorder is prostate cancer, benign prostate hypertrophy, breast cancer, male alopecia, Propionibacterium acnes infection, polycystic ovarian syndrome, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, or hyperandrogenism. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the prostate cancer is castration-resistant prostate cancer. | 2,600 |
339,293 | 16,800,161 | 2,628 | An electronic locking device includes an electronically controllable locking mechanism, a memory, a wireless transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly with a user device to receive an encrypted package containing a biometric template corresponding to an authorized user, and a processor. The processor is configured to decrypt the encrypted package and store the biometric template in the memory, receive a biometric input corresponding to a user attempting to access the electronic locking device, determine if the biometric input matches the biometric template of the authorized user, and activate the electronically controllable locking mechanism in response to a determination that the biometric input matches the biometric template of the authorized user. | 1. A lock system comprising:
an electronic locking device, the electronic locking device including:
an electronically controllable locking mechanism;
a memory;
a wireless transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly with a user device to receive an encrypted package containing a biometric template corresponding to an authorized user; and
a processor configured to:
decrypt the encrypted package and store the biometric template in the memory;
receive a biometric input corresponding to a user attempting to access the electronic locking device;
determine if the biometric input matches the biometric template of the authorized user; and
activate the electronically controllable locking mechanism in response to a determination that the biometric input matches the biometric template of the authorized user. 2. The lock system of claim 1, wherein the user device is a first user device, wherein the wireless transceiver is configured to communicate wirelessly with the first user device and a second user device containing the encrypted package, and wherein the wireless transceiver is configured to receive the encrypted package from whichever of the first user device and the second user device establishes communication with the electronic locking device first. 3. The lock system of claim 2, wherein the electronic locking device is a first electronic locking device, further comprising a second electronic locking device configured to communicate wirelessly with the first electronic locking device through the wireless transceiver, wherein the wireless transceiver is configured to transfer the biometric template from the first electronic locking device to the second electronic locking device. 4. The lock system of claim 1, wherein the electronic locking device further includes:
a biometric interface device configured to receive biometric inputs; and a user input device configured to receive an enrollment code; wherein the processor of the electronic locking device is configured to:
determine if the enrollment code provided to the user input device is valid; and
enter an enrollment mode in response to validating the enrollment code, wherein when in the enrollment mode, the processor is configured to generate a second biometric template using a second biometric input provided by a second user and store the second biometric template in the memory of the electronic locking device. 5. The lock system of claim 1, wherein the encrypted package is generated by a server, and wherein the wireless transceiver is configured to communicate wirelessly with the server to transfer the biometric template directly from the server to the electronic locking device. 6. The lock system of claim 5, wherein the electronic locking device is a primary electronic locking device, the memory is a first memory, and the wireless transceiver is a first wireless transceiver, further comprising a secondary electronic locking device including a second wireless transceiver and a second memory, wherein the first wireless transceiver and the second wireless transceiver are configured to cooperate to transfer the biometric template stored in the first memory of the primary electronic locking device to the second memory of the secondary electronic locking device. 7. The lock system of claim 1, wherein the processor is a first processor and the memory is a first memory, further comprising:
a server including:
a second memory configured to store the biometric template and a user key;
a second processor configured to generate the encrypted package, wherein the encrypted package contains the user key and the biometric template; and
a communications interface configured to transfer the encrypted package and a copy of the user key appended to the encrypted package to the user device; and
a non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions encoded therein, the instructions when executed by a third processor cause the third processor to generate an encrypted command for the electronic locking device using the user key; wherein the first processor of the electronic locking device is configured to:
decrypt the encrypted package to retrieve the biometric template and the user key;
receive and decrypt the encrypted command using the user key to generate a decrypted command; and
perform an action associated with the decrypted command. 8. The lock system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the user device or the electronic locking device include a user input device configured to receive a credential from the user, wherein at least one of (a) the first processor of the electronic locking device is configured to determine if the credential is valid or (b) the instructions when executed by the third processor cause the third processor to determine if the credential is valid, and wherein the first processor of the electronic locking device is configured to perform the action associated with the decrypted command in response to the credential being valid. 9. The lock system of claim 1, wherein the processor of the electronic locking device is configured to generate a similarity score that varies based on a similarity of the biometric input to the biometric template, and wherein the processor is configured to determine that the biometric input matches the biometric template of the authorized user when the similarity score is beyond a similarity score threshold. 10. The lock system of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to vary the similarity score threshold to increase the likelihood of a match if the electronic locking device has not previously determined that the biometric input from the user matched the biometric template of the authorized user. 11. The lock system of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to access a schedule defining an inactive period during which the user is not expected to access the electronic locking device, and wherein the processor is configured to vary the similarity score threshold to decrease the likelihood of a match if the biometric input is received during the inactive period. 12. The lock system of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to vary the similarity score threshold to decrease the likelihood of a match based on a quantity of failed attempts to access the electronic locking device that have occurred within a recent time period. 13. The lock system of claim 9, wherein at least one of the user device or the electronic locking device include a user input device configured to receive a credential from the user, wherein the processor is configured to determine if the credential is valid, and wherein the processor is configured to vary the similarity score threshold to increase the likelihood of a match in response to validating the credential. 14. A lock system comprising:
an electronic locking device including:
an electronically controllable locking mechanism;
a wireless transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly with a user device;
a memory configured to store biometric templates corresponding to authorized users; and
a first processor configured to:
determine if a biometric input from a user attempting to access the electronic locking device matches one of the biometric templates; and
activate the electronically controllable locking mechanism in response to a determination that the biometric input matches one of the biometric templates; and
a non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions encoded therein and stored by a second processor of the user device; wherein the user device is configured to receive permission from a server to enroll a new user; wherein at least one of the electronic locking device or the user device includes a biometric interface configured to receive a new biometric input from the new user; wherein, after the user device receives permission from the server, at least one of (a) the first processor of the electronic locking device is configured to enroll the new user or (b) the instructions when executed by the second processor of the user device cause the second processor to enroll the new user, wherein enrolling the new user includes:
using the new biometric input from the new user to generate a new biometric template; and
storing the new biometric template in the memory. 15. The lock system of claim 14, wherein the electronic locking device includes the biometric interface, and wherein, after the user device receives permission from the server, the instructions when executed by the second processor of the user device cause the second processor to grant permission to the electronic locking device to enroll the new user, and the first processor of the electronic locking device is configured to enroll the new user. 16. The lock system of claim 14, wherein the user device includes the biometric interface, and wherein, after the user device receives permission from the server, at least one of (a) the instructions when executed by the second processor of the user device cause the second processor to use the biometric input from the new user to generate the new biometric template or (b) the instructions when executed by the second processor of the user device cause the second processor to transfer the new biometric input to the electronic locking device, and the first processor of the electronic locking device is configured to use the new biometric input from the new user to generate the new biometric template. 17. The lock system of claim 14, wherein the instructions when executed by the second processor of the user device cause the second processor to provide a confirmation to the server that the new user has been successfully enrolled after the new biometric template is stored in the memory. 18. The lock system of claim 17, wherein the confirmation includes the new biometric template. 19. A lock system comprising:
an electronic locking device including:
a first electronically controllable locking mechanism;
a first biometric interface device configured to receive a first biometric input from a user attempting to access the electronic locking device;
a first wireless transceiver configured to (a) transfer the first biometric input indirectly through an intermediary device or directly to a server and (b) receive a first confirmation from the server indicating that the first biometric input matches a biometric template corresponding to an authorized user; and
a first processor configured to activate the first electronically controllable locking mechanism in response to receiving the first confirmation. 20. The lock system of claim 19, wherein the electronic locking device is a primary electronic locking device, further comprising:
a secondary electronic locking device including:
a second electronically controllable locking mechanism;
a second biometric interface device configured to receive a second biometric input from a second user attempting to access the secondary electronic locking device;
a second wireless transceiver configured to transfer the second biometric input to the primary electronic locking device; and
a second processor;
wherein the first wireless transceiver of the primary electronic locking device is configured to:
transfer the second biometric input to the server;
receive a second confirmation from the server indicating that the second biometric input matches the biometric template corresponding to the authorized user; and
transfer the second confirmation to the secondary electronic locking device; and
wherein the second processor of the secondary electronic locking device is configured to activate the second electronically controllable locking mechanism in response to receiving the second confirmation. | An electronic locking device includes an electronically controllable locking mechanism, a memory, a wireless transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly with a user device to receive an encrypted package containing a biometric template corresponding to an authorized user, and a processor. The processor is configured to decrypt the encrypted package and store the biometric template in the memory, receive a biometric input corresponding to a user attempting to access the electronic locking device, determine if the biometric input matches the biometric template of the authorized user, and activate the electronically controllable locking mechanism in response to a determination that the biometric input matches the biometric template of the authorized user.1. A lock system comprising:
an electronic locking device, the electronic locking device including:
an electronically controllable locking mechanism;
a memory;
a wireless transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly with a user device to receive an encrypted package containing a biometric template corresponding to an authorized user; and
a processor configured to:
decrypt the encrypted package and store the biometric template in the memory;
receive a biometric input corresponding to a user attempting to access the electronic locking device;
determine if the biometric input matches the biometric template of the authorized user; and
activate the electronically controllable locking mechanism in response to a determination that the biometric input matches the biometric template of the authorized user. 2. The lock system of claim 1, wherein the user device is a first user device, wherein the wireless transceiver is configured to communicate wirelessly with the first user device and a second user device containing the encrypted package, and wherein the wireless transceiver is configured to receive the encrypted package from whichever of the first user device and the second user device establishes communication with the electronic locking device first. 3. The lock system of claim 2, wherein the electronic locking device is a first electronic locking device, further comprising a second electronic locking device configured to communicate wirelessly with the first electronic locking device through the wireless transceiver, wherein the wireless transceiver is configured to transfer the biometric template from the first electronic locking device to the second electronic locking device. 4. The lock system of claim 1, wherein the electronic locking device further includes:
a biometric interface device configured to receive biometric inputs; and a user input device configured to receive an enrollment code; wherein the processor of the electronic locking device is configured to:
determine if the enrollment code provided to the user input device is valid; and
enter an enrollment mode in response to validating the enrollment code, wherein when in the enrollment mode, the processor is configured to generate a second biometric template using a second biometric input provided by a second user and store the second biometric template in the memory of the electronic locking device. 5. The lock system of claim 1, wherein the encrypted package is generated by a server, and wherein the wireless transceiver is configured to communicate wirelessly with the server to transfer the biometric template directly from the server to the electronic locking device. 6. The lock system of claim 5, wherein the electronic locking device is a primary electronic locking device, the memory is a first memory, and the wireless transceiver is a first wireless transceiver, further comprising a secondary electronic locking device including a second wireless transceiver and a second memory, wherein the first wireless transceiver and the second wireless transceiver are configured to cooperate to transfer the biometric template stored in the first memory of the primary electronic locking device to the second memory of the secondary electronic locking device. 7. The lock system of claim 1, wherein the processor is a first processor and the memory is a first memory, further comprising:
a server including:
a second memory configured to store the biometric template and a user key;
a second processor configured to generate the encrypted package, wherein the encrypted package contains the user key and the biometric template; and
a communications interface configured to transfer the encrypted package and a copy of the user key appended to the encrypted package to the user device; and
a non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions encoded therein, the instructions when executed by a third processor cause the third processor to generate an encrypted command for the electronic locking device using the user key; wherein the first processor of the electronic locking device is configured to:
decrypt the encrypted package to retrieve the biometric template and the user key;
receive and decrypt the encrypted command using the user key to generate a decrypted command; and
perform an action associated with the decrypted command. 8. The lock system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the user device or the electronic locking device include a user input device configured to receive a credential from the user, wherein at least one of (a) the first processor of the electronic locking device is configured to determine if the credential is valid or (b) the instructions when executed by the third processor cause the third processor to determine if the credential is valid, and wherein the first processor of the electronic locking device is configured to perform the action associated with the decrypted command in response to the credential being valid. 9. The lock system of claim 1, wherein the processor of the electronic locking device is configured to generate a similarity score that varies based on a similarity of the biometric input to the biometric template, and wherein the processor is configured to determine that the biometric input matches the biometric template of the authorized user when the similarity score is beyond a similarity score threshold. 10. The lock system of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to vary the similarity score threshold to increase the likelihood of a match if the electronic locking device has not previously determined that the biometric input from the user matched the biometric template of the authorized user. 11. The lock system of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to access a schedule defining an inactive period during which the user is not expected to access the electronic locking device, and wherein the processor is configured to vary the similarity score threshold to decrease the likelihood of a match if the biometric input is received during the inactive period. 12. The lock system of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to vary the similarity score threshold to decrease the likelihood of a match based on a quantity of failed attempts to access the electronic locking device that have occurred within a recent time period. 13. The lock system of claim 9, wherein at least one of the user device or the electronic locking device include a user input device configured to receive a credential from the user, wherein the processor is configured to determine if the credential is valid, and wherein the processor is configured to vary the similarity score threshold to increase the likelihood of a match in response to validating the credential. 14. A lock system comprising:
an electronic locking device including:
an electronically controllable locking mechanism;
a wireless transceiver configured to communicate wirelessly with a user device;
a memory configured to store biometric templates corresponding to authorized users; and
a first processor configured to:
determine if a biometric input from a user attempting to access the electronic locking device matches one of the biometric templates; and
activate the electronically controllable locking mechanism in response to a determination that the biometric input matches one of the biometric templates; and
a non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions encoded therein and stored by a second processor of the user device; wherein the user device is configured to receive permission from a server to enroll a new user; wherein at least one of the electronic locking device or the user device includes a biometric interface configured to receive a new biometric input from the new user; wherein, after the user device receives permission from the server, at least one of (a) the first processor of the electronic locking device is configured to enroll the new user or (b) the instructions when executed by the second processor of the user device cause the second processor to enroll the new user, wherein enrolling the new user includes:
using the new biometric input from the new user to generate a new biometric template; and
storing the new biometric template in the memory. 15. The lock system of claim 14, wherein the electronic locking device includes the biometric interface, and wherein, after the user device receives permission from the server, the instructions when executed by the second processor of the user device cause the second processor to grant permission to the electronic locking device to enroll the new user, and the first processor of the electronic locking device is configured to enroll the new user. 16. The lock system of claim 14, wherein the user device includes the biometric interface, and wherein, after the user device receives permission from the server, at least one of (a) the instructions when executed by the second processor of the user device cause the second processor to use the biometric input from the new user to generate the new biometric template or (b) the instructions when executed by the second processor of the user device cause the second processor to transfer the new biometric input to the electronic locking device, and the first processor of the electronic locking device is configured to use the new biometric input from the new user to generate the new biometric template. 17. The lock system of claim 14, wherein the instructions when executed by the second processor of the user device cause the second processor to provide a confirmation to the server that the new user has been successfully enrolled after the new biometric template is stored in the memory. 18. The lock system of claim 17, wherein the confirmation includes the new biometric template. 19. A lock system comprising:
an electronic locking device including:
a first electronically controllable locking mechanism;
a first biometric interface device configured to receive a first biometric input from a user attempting to access the electronic locking device;
a first wireless transceiver configured to (a) transfer the first biometric input indirectly through an intermediary device or directly to a server and (b) receive a first confirmation from the server indicating that the first biometric input matches a biometric template corresponding to an authorized user; and
a first processor configured to activate the first electronically controllable locking mechanism in response to receiving the first confirmation. 20. The lock system of claim 19, wherein the electronic locking device is a primary electronic locking device, further comprising:
a secondary electronic locking device including:
a second electronically controllable locking mechanism;
a second biometric interface device configured to receive a second biometric input from a second user attempting to access the secondary electronic locking device;
a second wireless transceiver configured to transfer the second biometric input to the primary electronic locking device; and
a second processor;
wherein the first wireless transceiver of the primary electronic locking device is configured to:
transfer the second biometric input to the server;
receive a second confirmation from the server indicating that the second biometric input matches the biometric template corresponding to the authorized user; and
transfer the second confirmation to the secondary electronic locking device; and
wherein the second processor of the secondary electronic locking device is configured to activate the second electronically controllable locking mechanism in response to receiving the second confirmation. | 2,600 |
339,294 | 16,800,168 | 2,628 | According to one embodiment, a switching power circuit, includes: a switching transistor that is connected between an input terminal and a node; a driving circuit that supplies a PWM driving signal to the switching transistor; and a phase compensation circuit that supplies a feedback voltage to an error amplifier, in which the properties of the phase compensation circuit are switched in accordance with the voltage of the node immediately before the switching transistor is turned on. | 1. A switching power circuit, comprising:
a switching transistor in which a main current path is connected between an input terminal to which an input voltage is applied and a node; an inductor that is connected between an output terminal outputting an output voltage and the node; an error amplifier that outputs an instruction signal according to a difference between a feedback voltage of the output voltage and a reference voltage; a driving circuit that generates a driving signal of which a duty ratio is controlled in accordance with the instruction signal, and supplies the driving signal to the switching transistor; a phase compensation circuit that supplies the feedback voltage to the error amplifier; and a sensing circuit that senses a voltage of the node, wherein properties of the phase compensation circuit are switched in accordance with the voltage of the node immediately before the switching transistor is turned on. 2. The switching power circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the phase compensation circuit includes a first phase compensation circuit having first properties and a second phase compensation circuit having second properties, and the properties of the phase compensation circuit are switched by selecting one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node. 3. The switching power circuit according to claim 2, further comprising:
a selection circuit to which outputs of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit are supplied, wherein the selection circuit selects one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node, to be connected to the error amplifier. 4. The switching power circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the phase compensation circuit includes a plurality of resistances connected in series, and a switch that is connected to at least one of the plurality of resistances in parallel, and where a connection relationship of the plurality of resistances is switched by controlling On/Off of the switch, in accordance with the voltage of the node. 5. The switching power circuit according to claim 2, further comprising:
a voltage follower circuit in which the predetermined reference voltage is supplied to an input end on a non-inversion side; and a switching device that connects one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit to an output end of the voltage follower circuit, the one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit not being connected to the error amplifier. 6. The switching power circuit according to claim 5,
wherein the switching device selectively connects the one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit to the output end of the voltage follower circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node. 7. The switching power circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a diode that is connected in a forward direction towards the node from a ground. 8. The switching power circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the driving circuit includes a pulse width modulator that generates a PWM signal of which a duty ratio is controlled in accordance with the instruction signal, in response to a clock signal. 9. The switching power circuit according to claim 8,
wherein the sensing circuit includes a comparison circuit that compares a voltage of the node with a set voltage, and a latch circuit that latches output of the comparison circuit, in response to the clock signal. 10. A switching power circuit, comprising:
an input terminal to which an input voltage is applied; a first switching transistor in which a main current path is connected between the input terminal and a node; a second switching transistor in which a main current path is connected between the node and a ground; an output terminal that outputs an output voltage; an inductor that is connected between the output terminal and the node; an error amplifier that outputs an instruction signal according to a difference between a feedback voltage of the output voltage and a reference voltage; a PWM signal generation circuit that generates a PWM signal of which a duty ratio is controlled in accordance with the instruction signal; a first driving signal generation circuit that generates a first driving signal for controlling On/Off of the first switching transistor, in response to output of the PWM signal generation circuit; a second driving signal generation circuit that generates a second driving signal for controlling On/Off of the second switching transistor, in response to the output of the PWM signal generation circuit; a phase compensation circuit that supplies the feedback voltage to the error amplifier; a sensing circuit that senses a voltage of the node; a switching circuit that switches properties of the phase compensation circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node immediately before the first switching transistor is turned on; and a regulator circuit that regulates a duty ratio of the second driving signal generated by the second driving signal generation circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node immediately after the second switching transistor is turned off. 11. The switching power circuit according to claim 10,
wherein the phase compensation circuit includes a first phase compensation circuit having first properties and a second phase compensation circuit having second properties, and switches the properties of the phase compensation circuit by selecting one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node. 12. The switching power circuit according to claim 11, further comprising:
a switching device to which output of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit is supplied, wherein the switching device selects one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node, to be connected to the error amplifier. 13. The switching power circuit according to claim 10,
wherein the PWM signal generation circuit generates the PWM signal of which the duty ratio is controlled in accordance with the instruction signal, in response to a clock signal. 14. The switching power circuit according to claim 10,
wherein the regulator circuit includes a first latch circuit that latches output of the sensing circuit at a timing when the second driving signal is delayed for a predetermined time. 15. The switching power circuit according to claim 14,
wherein the regulator circuit includes a delay circuit in which a delay time is controlled by the output of the sensing circuit and an output signal of the latch circuit. 16. The switching power circuit according to claim 15,
wherein the clock signal is supplied to the PWM signal generation circuit through the delay circuit. 17. The switching power circuit according to claim 10,
wherein the regulator circuit decreases a turn-on time of the second switching transistor in a case where the voltage of the node immediately after the second switching transistor is turned off is positive, and increases the turn-on time of the second switching transistor in a case where the voltage of the node immediately after the second switching transistor is turned off is negative. 18. The switching power circuit according to claim 15,
wherein the sensing circuit includes a comparison circuit that compares the voltage of the node with a set voltage, and a second latch circuit that latches output of the comparison circuit, in response to the clock signal. 19. The switching power circuit according to claim 17,
wherein the regulator circuit includes a latch circuit that latches output of the sensing circuit at a timing when the second driving signal is delayed for a predetermined time. 20. The switching power circuit according to claim 10,
wherein each of the first switching transistor and the second switching transistor is composed of an NMOS transistor. | According to one embodiment, a switching power circuit, includes: a switching transistor that is connected between an input terminal and a node; a driving circuit that supplies a PWM driving signal to the switching transistor; and a phase compensation circuit that supplies a feedback voltage to an error amplifier, in which the properties of the phase compensation circuit are switched in accordance with the voltage of the node immediately before the switching transistor is turned on.1. A switching power circuit, comprising:
a switching transistor in which a main current path is connected between an input terminal to which an input voltage is applied and a node; an inductor that is connected between an output terminal outputting an output voltage and the node; an error amplifier that outputs an instruction signal according to a difference between a feedback voltage of the output voltage and a reference voltage; a driving circuit that generates a driving signal of which a duty ratio is controlled in accordance with the instruction signal, and supplies the driving signal to the switching transistor; a phase compensation circuit that supplies the feedback voltage to the error amplifier; and a sensing circuit that senses a voltage of the node, wherein properties of the phase compensation circuit are switched in accordance with the voltage of the node immediately before the switching transistor is turned on. 2. The switching power circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the phase compensation circuit includes a first phase compensation circuit having first properties and a second phase compensation circuit having second properties, and the properties of the phase compensation circuit are switched by selecting one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node. 3. The switching power circuit according to claim 2, further comprising:
a selection circuit to which outputs of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit are supplied, wherein the selection circuit selects one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node, to be connected to the error amplifier. 4. The switching power circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the phase compensation circuit includes a plurality of resistances connected in series, and a switch that is connected to at least one of the plurality of resistances in parallel, and where a connection relationship of the plurality of resistances is switched by controlling On/Off of the switch, in accordance with the voltage of the node. 5. The switching power circuit according to claim 2, further comprising:
a voltage follower circuit in which the predetermined reference voltage is supplied to an input end on a non-inversion side; and a switching device that connects one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit to an output end of the voltage follower circuit, the one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit not being connected to the error amplifier. 6. The switching power circuit according to claim 5,
wherein the switching device selectively connects the one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit to the output end of the voltage follower circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node. 7. The switching power circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a diode that is connected in a forward direction towards the node from a ground. 8. The switching power circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the driving circuit includes a pulse width modulator that generates a PWM signal of which a duty ratio is controlled in accordance with the instruction signal, in response to a clock signal. 9. The switching power circuit according to claim 8,
wherein the sensing circuit includes a comparison circuit that compares a voltage of the node with a set voltage, and a latch circuit that latches output of the comparison circuit, in response to the clock signal. 10. A switching power circuit, comprising:
an input terminal to which an input voltage is applied; a first switching transistor in which a main current path is connected between the input terminal and a node; a second switching transistor in which a main current path is connected between the node and a ground; an output terminal that outputs an output voltage; an inductor that is connected between the output terminal and the node; an error amplifier that outputs an instruction signal according to a difference between a feedback voltage of the output voltage and a reference voltage; a PWM signal generation circuit that generates a PWM signal of which a duty ratio is controlled in accordance with the instruction signal; a first driving signal generation circuit that generates a first driving signal for controlling On/Off of the first switching transistor, in response to output of the PWM signal generation circuit; a second driving signal generation circuit that generates a second driving signal for controlling On/Off of the second switching transistor, in response to the output of the PWM signal generation circuit; a phase compensation circuit that supplies the feedback voltage to the error amplifier; a sensing circuit that senses a voltage of the node; a switching circuit that switches properties of the phase compensation circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node immediately before the first switching transistor is turned on; and a regulator circuit that regulates a duty ratio of the second driving signal generated by the second driving signal generation circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node immediately after the second switching transistor is turned off. 11. The switching power circuit according to claim 10,
wherein the phase compensation circuit includes a first phase compensation circuit having first properties and a second phase compensation circuit having second properties, and switches the properties of the phase compensation circuit by selecting one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node. 12. The switching power circuit according to claim 11, further comprising:
a switching device to which output of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit is supplied, wherein the switching device selects one of the first phase compensation circuit and the second phase compensation circuit, in accordance with the voltage of the node, to be connected to the error amplifier. 13. The switching power circuit according to claim 10,
wherein the PWM signal generation circuit generates the PWM signal of which the duty ratio is controlled in accordance with the instruction signal, in response to a clock signal. 14. The switching power circuit according to claim 10,
wherein the regulator circuit includes a first latch circuit that latches output of the sensing circuit at a timing when the second driving signal is delayed for a predetermined time. 15. The switching power circuit according to claim 14,
wherein the regulator circuit includes a delay circuit in which a delay time is controlled by the output of the sensing circuit and an output signal of the latch circuit. 16. The switching power circuit according to claim 15,
wherein the clock signal is supplied to the PWM signal generation circuit through the delay circuit. 17. The switching power circuit according to claim 10,
wherein the regulator circuit decreases a turn-on time of the second switching transistor in a case where the voltage of the node immediately after the second switching transistor is turned off is positive, and increases the turn-on time of the second switching transistor in a case where the voltage of the node immediately after the second switching transistor is turned off is negative. 18. The switching power circuit according to claim 15,
wherein the sensing circuit includes a comparison circuit that compares the voltage of the node with a set voltage, and a second latch circuit that latches output of the comparison circuit, in response to the clock signal. 19. The switching power circuit according to claim 17,
wherein the regulator circuit includes a latch circuit that latches output of the sensing circuit at a timing when the second driving signal is delayed for a predetermined time. 20. The switching power circuit according to claim 10,
wherein each of the first switching transistor and the second switching transistor is composed of an NMOS transistor. | 2,600 |
339,295 | 16,800,167 | 2,628 | Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards a method for opening a source line in a memory device. An erase gate line (EGL) and the source line are formed elongated in parallel. The source line underlies the EGL and is separated from the EGL by a dielectric layer. A first etch is performed to form a first opening through the EGL and stops on the dielectric layer. A second etch is performed to thin the dielectric layer at the first opening, wherein the first and second etches are performed with a common mask in place. A silicide process is performed to form a silicide layer on the source line at the first opening, wherein the silicide process comprises a third etch with a second mask in place and extends the first opening through the dielectric layer. A via is formed extending through the EGL to the silicide layer. | 1. A memory device comprising:
a substrate; an erase gate line, a control gate line, and a source line that are elongated in parallel in a first direction, wherein the erase gate line has a break separating the erase gate line into a pair of erase gate segments in the first direction, wherein the control gate line borders the erase gate line, and wherein the source line underlies the erase gate line in the substrate; a source dielectric layer between the erase gate line and the source line; a main sidewall spacer overlying the source dielectric layer and the source line at a center between the erase gate segments; and a contact via extending through the erase gate line and the source dielectric layer at the break and electrically coupling with the source line. 2. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the contact via is spaced from the main sidewall spacer and the source dielectric layer. 3. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the main sidewall spacer has a bottom surface at least partially elevated above a topmost point of the substrate. 4. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the main sidewall spacer and the source dielectric layer define a common sidewall facing the contact via. 5. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an etch stop layer (ESL) having a U-shaped profile at the center between the erase gate segments, wherein the U-shaped profile laterally contacts the main sidewall spacer. 6. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a floating gate underlying the control gate line; and a control gate sidewall spacer overlying the floating gate and separating the control gate line from the main sidewall spacer. 7. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a silicide layer between and directly contacting the contact via and the source line. 8. The memory device according to claim 7, wherein a width of the silicide layer is about 800-1100 angstroms. 9. An integrated circuit (IC) comprising:
a substrate; a memory array comprising a plurality of cells, wherein the plurality of cells comprises a source strap cell and a pair of control gate strap cells; an erase gate line and a source line partially defining the source strap cell and elongated in parallel in a first direction, wherein the source line underlies the erase gate line, and wherein the erase gate line has a first break in the first direction; a first control gate line, a second control gate line, and a pair of select gate lines partially defining the control gate strap cells and elongated in parallel in the first direction, wherein the select gate lines are between and respectively border the first and second control gate lines and have a second break in the first direction, and wherein the first control gate line has a pad protruding towards the second control gate line at the second break; and a trench isolation structure underlying the first and second control gate lines; wherein a top of the substrate has a recess with a U-shaped top layout that wraps around the pad at the second break. 10. The IC according to claim 9, wherein the recess extends into the top of the substrate to a depth of about 100-300 angstroms. 11. The IC according to claim 9, further comprising:
contact vias extending respectively to the source line, the first control gate line, and the second control gate line respectively at the source strap cell and the control gate strap cells. 12. The IC according to claim 9, wherein the first break separates the erase gate line into a pair of erase gate segments in the first direction, and wherein the IC further comprises:
a source dielectric layer between the erase gate line and the source line; and a main sidewall spacer vertically separated from the substrate by the source dielectric layer proximate the first break and at a location spaced from and between the erase gate segments. 13. The IC according to claim 12, wherein the location is equidistant from the erase gate segments. 14. A method for forming a memory device, the method comprising:
forming an erase gate line and a source line that are elongated in parallel, wherein the source line underlies the erase gate line in a substrate and is separated from the erase gate line by a source dielectric layer; performing a first etch into the erase gate line to form a first opening extending through the erase gate line, wherein the first etch is performed with a first mask in place and stops on the source dielectric layer; performing a second etch into the source dielectric layer through the first opening, and with the first mask in place, to thin the source dielectric layer at the first opening; performing a silicide process to form a silicide layer on the source line at the first opening, wherein the silicide process comprises a third etch that extends the first opening through the source dielectric layer and exposes the source line; and forming a contact via extending through the erase gate line to the silicide layer. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the silicide process comprises a resist protect oxide (RPO) etch, and wherein the RPO etch removes the source dielectric layer at the first opening. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein a portion of the source dielectric layer at the first opening has an oval shaped profile before the second etch, and wherein a top surface of the portion has a W shaped profile after the second etch. 17. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
forming a pair of control gate lines and a pair of select gate lines that overlie the substrate and that are elongated in parallel with the erase gate line, wherein the select gate lines are between and respectively border the control gate lines, wherein one of the control gate lines has a pad protruding towards another one of the control gate lines, and wherein the first etch forms a second opening extending through the select gate lines at the pad. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the control gate lines are formed partially overlying a trench isolation structure extending into a top of the substrate, wherein the second etch forms a recess in the top of the substrate through the second opening, and wherein the recess wraps around the pad. 19. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
forming a pair of control gate lines overlying the substrate and elongated in parallel with the erase gate line, wherein the erase gate line is between and borders the control gate lines; and forming a main sidewall spacer between the control gate lines on sidewalls of the first opening, wherein the main sidewall spacer overlies the source dielectric layer at a center between discrete segments of the erase gate line that are separated by the first opening. 20. The method according to claim 14, wherein the silicide process comprises:
depositing a resist protect dielectric (RPD) layer covering the erase gate line and lining the first opening; performing a third etch into the RPD layer and the source dielectric layer with a second mask in place to extend the first opening through the RPD layer and the source dielectric layer; forming the silicide layer on the source line and with the RPD layer in place; and removing the RPD layer. | Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards a method for opening a source line in a memory device. An erase gate line (EGL) and the source line are formed elongated in parallel. The source line underlies the EGL and is separated from the EGL by a dielectric layer. A first etch is performed to form a first opening through the EGL and stops on the dielectric layer. A second etch is performed to thin the dielectric layer at the first opening, wherein the first and second etches are performed with a common mask in place. A silicide process is performed to form a silicide layer on the source line at the first opening, wherein the silicide process comprises a third etch with a second mask in place and extends the first opening through the dielectric layer. A via is formed extending through the EGL to the silicide layer.1. A memory device comprising:
a substrate; an erase gate line, a control gate line, and a source line that are elongated in parallel in a first direction, wherein the erase gate line has a break separating the erase gate line into a pair of erase gate segments in the first direction, wherein the control gate line borders the erase gate line, and wherein the source line underlies the erase gate line in the substrate; a source dielectric layer between the erase gate line and the source line; a main sidewall spacer overlying the source dielectric layer and the source line at a center between the erase gate segments; and a contact via extending through the erase gate line and the source dielectric layer at the break and electrically coupling with the source line. 2. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the contact via is spaced from the main sidewall spacer and the source dielectric layer. 3. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the main sidewall spacer has a bottom surface at least partially elevated above a topmost point of the substrate. 4. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the main sidewall spacer and the source dielectric layer define a common sidewall facing the contact via. 5. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an etch stop layer (ESL) having a U-shaped profile at the center between the erase gate segments, wherein the U-shaped profile laterally contacts the main sidewall spacer. 6. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a floating gate underlying the control gate line; and a control gate sidewall spacer overlying the floating gate and separating the control gate line from the main sidewall spacer. 7. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a silicide layer between and directly contacting the contact via and the source line. 8. The memory device according to claim 7, wherein a width of the silicide layer is about 800-1100 angstroms. 9. An integrated circuit (IC) comprising:
a substrate; a memory array comprising a plurality of cells, wherein the plurality of cells comprises a source strap cell and a pair of control gate strap cells; an erase gate line and a source line partially defining the source strap cell and elongated in parallel in a first direction, wherein the source line underlies the erase gate line, and wherein the erase gate line has a first break in the first direction; a first control gate line, a second control gate line, and a pair of select gate lines partially defining the control gate strap cells and elongated in parallel in the first direction, wherein the select gate lines are between and respectively border the first and second control gate lines and have a second break in the first direction, and wherein the first control gate line has a pad protruding towards the second control gate line at the second break; and a trench isolation structure underlying the first and second control gate lines; wherein a top of the substrate has a recess with a U-shaped top layout that wraps around the pad at the second break. 10. The IC according to claim 9, wherein the recess extends into the top of the substrate to a depth of about 100-300 angstroms. 11. The IC according to claim 9, further comprising:
contact vias extending respectively to the source line, the first control gate line, and the second control gate line respectively at the source strap cell and the control gate strap cells. 12. The IC according to claim 9, wherein the first break separates the erase gate line into a pair of erase gate segments in the first direction, and wherein the IC further comprises:
a source dielectric layer between the erase gate line and the source line; and a main sidewall spacer vertically separated from the substrate by the source dielectric layer proximate the first break and at a location spaced from and between the erase gate segments. 13. The IC according to claim 12, wherein the location is equidistant from the erase gate segments. 14. A method for forming a memory device, the method comprising:
forming an erase gate line and a source line that are elongated in parallel, wherein the source line underlies the erase gate line in a substrate and is separated from the erase gate line by a source dielectric layer; performing a first etch into the erase gate line to form a first opening extending through the erase gate line, wherein the first etch is performed with a first mask in place and stops on the source dielectric layer; performing a second etch into the source dielectric layer through the first opening, and with the first mask in place, to thin the source dielectric layer at the first opening; performing a silicide process to form a silicide layer on the source line at the first opening, wherein the silicide process comprises a third etch that extends the first opening through the source dielectric layer and exposes the source line; and forming a contact via extending through the erase gate line to the silicide layer. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the silicide process comprises a resist protect oxide (RPO) etch, and wherein the RPO etch removes the source dielectric layer at the first opening. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein a portion of the source dielectric layer at the first opening has an oval shaped profile before the second etch, and wherein a top surface of the portion has a W shaped profile after the second etch. 17. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
forming a pair of control gate lines and a pair of select gate lines that overlie the substrate and that are elongated in parallel with the erase gate line, wherein the select gate lines are between and respectively border the control gate lines, wherein one of the control gate lines has a pad protruding towards another one of the control gate lines, and wherein the first etch forms a second opening extending through the select gate lines at the pad. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the control gate lines are formed partially overlying a trench isolation structure extending into a top of the substrate, wherein the second etch forms a recess in the top of the substrate through the second opening, and wherein the recess wraps around the pad. 19. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
forming a pair of control gate lines overlying the substrate and elongated in parallel with the erase gate line, wherein the erase gate line is between and borders the control gate lines; and forming a main sidewall spacer between the control gate lines on sidewalls of the first opening, wherein the main sidewall spacer overlies the source dielectric layer at a center between discrete segments of the erase gate line that are separated by the first opening. 20. The method according to claim 14, wherein the silicide process comprises:
depositing a resist protect dielectric (RPD) layer covering the erase gate line and lining the first opening; performing a third etch into the RPD layer and the source dielectric layer with a second mask in place to extend the first opening through the RPD layer and the source dielectric layer; forming the silicide layer on the source line and with the RPD layer in place; and removing the RPD layer. | 2,600 |
339,296 | 16,800,147 | 2,628 | A control apparatus may cause an image forming apparatus to execute processing based on contents of the processing instructed by voice. The control apparatus includes a hardware processor that may: cause a display apparatus of the image forming apparatus to display the contents of the processing prior to execution of the processing; acquire an operating state of the display apparatus; and decide contents of voice to be outputted to promote confirmation of the contents of the processing in accordance with the acquired operating state of the display apparatus. | 1. A control apparatus that causes an image forming apparatus to execute processing based on contents of the processing instructed by voice, the control apparatus comprising:
a hardware processor that:
causes a display apparatus of the image forming apparatus to display the contents of the processing prior to execution of the processing;
acquires an operating state of the display apparatus; and
decides contents of voice to be outputted to promote confirmation of the contents of the processing in accordance with the acquired operating state of the display apparatus. 2. The control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the operating state includes an operating state as to whether the display apparatus is in a sleep mode where at least part of a power source of the display apparatus is turned off. 3. The control apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a first stage of a sleep mode with a first predetermined time for the display apparatus to be able to display the contents of the processing; and a second stage of a sleep mode with a second predetermined time longer than the first predetermined time to enable display in the sleep mode, wherein the hardware processor acquires the sleep mode in one of the first stage or the second stage, and wherein the hardware processor decides the contents of the voice to be outputted based on one of the first stage or the second stage of the sleep mode acquired by the hardware processor. 4. The control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor further estimates a rise time for the display apparatus to be able to display from the operating state acquired by the hardware processor, and
wherein the hardware processor decides the contents of the voice in accordance with the rise time. 5. The control apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hardware processors decides the contents of the voice so as to include all of predetermined items, when the rise time is longer than an output time required to output the predetermined items by voice, and
wherein the hardware processors decides the contents of the voice so as to include items excluding at least some items from the predetermined items, when the rise time is shorter than the output time. 6. The control apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hardware processor further decides additional contents other than the contents of the voice in accordance with an extra time obtained by subtracting, from the rise time, the output time required to output the contents of the voice by voice decided by the hardware processor. 7. The control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor further determines whether a user other than a user, who has inputted the contents of the processing by voice, is using the display apparatus,
wherein the hardware processor further continues voice output of the contents of the voice until a determination result by the hardware processor becomes negative, after deciding the contents of the voice by the hardware processor, and wherein the hardware processor further stops the voice output, when the determination result of the hardware processor becomes negative. 8. The control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the contents of the voice decided by the hardware processor are divided into a plurality of portions, and
wherein the hardware processor stops the voice output at a time of completing the voice output of a portion being outputted, when the determination result by the hardware processor becomes negative. 9. The control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the hardware processor does not stop the voice output in a case where an output time of the contents of the voice, which are decided by the hardware processor and not yet outputted, is shorter than a predetermined time, when the determination result by the hardware processor becomes negative. 10. The control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the hardware processor further prohibits the display apparatus to display the contents of the processing, when the voice output is not stopped by the hardware processor. 11. The control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the hardware processor further causes the user, who has performed voice input, to confirm whether the contents of the processing are displayed on the display apparatus, when the hardware processor does not stop the voice output, and
wherein the contents of the processing are displayed, when a confirmation result is positive. 12. The control apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the hardware processor further causes the image forming apparatus to start the processing without waiting for the user, who has performed the voice input to instruct a start of the processing, when the confirmation result is negative. 13. The control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the hardware processor, when the contents of the processing are displayed on the display apparatus after being stopped, further outputs that effect by the voice. 14. An image forming system, comprising:
an image forming apparatus; and the control apparatus according to claim 1. 15. A non-transitory recording medium storing a computer readable program causing a computer to control an image forming apparatus to execute processing based on contents of the processing instructed by voice, the program causing the computer to execute:
causing a display apparatus of the image forming apparatus to display the contents of the processing prior to execution of the processing; acquiring an operating state of the display apparatus; and deciding contents of voice to be outputted to promote confirmation of the contents of the processing in accordance with the operating state of the display apparatus acquired. | A control apparatus may cause an image forming apparatus to execute processing based on contents of the processing instructed by voice. The control apparatus includes a hardware processor that may: cause a display apparatus of the image forming apparatus to display the contents of the processing prior to execution of the processing; acquire an operating state of the display apparatus; and decide contents of voice to be outputted to promote confirmation of the contents of the processing in accordance with the acquired operating state of the display apparatus.1. A control apparatus that causes an image forming apparatus to execute processing based on contents of the processing instructed by voice, the control apparatus comprising:
a hardware processor that:
causes a display apparatus of the image forming apparatus to display the contents of the processing prior to execution of the processing;
acquires an operating state of the display apparatus; and
decides contents of voice to be outputted to promote confirmation of the contents of the processing in accordance with the acquired operating state of the display apparatus. 2. The control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the operating state includes an operating state as to whether the display apparatus is in a sleep mode where at least part of a power source of the display apparatus is turned off. 3. The control apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a first stage of a sleep mode with a first predetermined time for the display apparatus to be able to display the contents of the processing; and a second stage of a sleep mode with a second predetermined time longer than the first predetermined time to enable display in the sleep mode, wherein the hardware processor acquires the sleep mode in one of the first stage or the second stage, and wherein the hardware processor decides the contents of the voice to be outputted based on one of the first stage or the second stage of the sleep mode acquired by the hardware processor. 4. The control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor further estimates a rise time for the display apparatus to be able to display from the operating state acquired by the hardware processor, and
wherein the hardware processor decides the contents of the voice in accordance with the rise time. 5. The control apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hardware processors decides the contents of the voice so as to include all of predetermined items, when the rise time is longer than an output time required to output the predetermined items by voice, and
wherein the hardware processors decides the contents of the voice so as to include items excluding at least some items from the predetermined items, when the rise time is shorter than the output time. 6. The control apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the hardware processor further decides additional contents other than the contents of the voice in accordance with an extra time obtained by subtracting, from the rise time, the output time required to output the contents of the voice by voice decided by the hardware processor. 7. The control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor further determines whether a user other than a user, who has inputted the contents of the processing by voice, is using the display apparatus,
wherein the hardware processor further continues voice output of the contents of the voice until a determination result by the hardware processor becomes negative, after deciding the contents of the voice by the hardware processor, and wherein the hardware processor further stops the voice output, when the determination result of the hardware processor becomes negative. 8. The control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the contents of the voice decided by the hardware processor are divided into a plurality of portions, and
wherein the hardware processor stops the voice output at a time of completing the voice output of a portion being outputted, when the determination result by the hardware processor becomes negative. 9. The control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the hardware processor does not stop the voice output in a case where an output time of the contents of the voice, which are decided by the hardware processor and not yet outputted, is shorter than a predetermined time, when the determination result by the hardware processor becomes negative. 10. The control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the hardware processor further prohibits the display apparatus to display the contents of the processing, when the voice output is not stopped by the hardware processor. 11. The control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the hardware processor further causes the user, who has performed voice input, to confirm whether the contents of the processing are displayed on the display apparatus, when the hardware processor does not stop the voice output, and
wherein the contents of the processing are displayed, when a confirmation result is positive. 12. The control apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the hardware processor further causes the image forming apparatus to start the processing without waiting for the user, who has performed the voice input to instruct a start of the processing, when the confirmation result is negative. 13. The control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the hardware processor, when the contents of the processing are displayed on the display apparatus after being stopped, further outputs that effect by the voice. 14. An image forming system, comprising:
an image forming apparatus; and the control apparatus according to claim 1. 15. A non-transitory recording medium storing a computer readable program causing a computer to control an image forming apparatus to execute processing based on contents of the processing instructed by voice, the program causing the computer to execute:
causing a display apparatus of the image forming apparatus to display the contents of the processing prior to execution of the processing; acquiring an operating state of the display apparatus; and deciding contents of voice to be outputted to promote confirmation of the contents of the processing in accordance with the operating state of the display apparatus acquired. | 2,600 |
339,297 | 16,800,153 | 2,628 | A bracket for a transport frame, configured to hold a hub of a wind turbine in place at the transport frame during transport of the hub, the bracket holding the hub during the transport of the hub and mechanically connecting a holding device and the transport frame for attaching the holding device at the transport frame, for moving the holding device relative to the transport frame, and for moving a contacting portion of the holding device against the hub, which is arranged in a predetermined position on the transport frame is provided. A transport frame is also provided that includes, at least one bracket. | 1. A bracket for a transport frame, configured to hold a hub of a wind turbine in place at the transport frame during transport of the hub, comprising:
a holding means for holding the hub during the transport of the hub; and a tensioning means mechanically connectable with the holding means and the transport frame for attaching the holding means at the transport frame, for moving the holding means relative to the transport frame, and for moving a contacting portion of the holding means against the hub, which is arranged in a predetermined position on the transport frame. 2. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the holding means comprises an L-shaped or essentially L-shaped base portion with an attaching portion for the mechanical connection with the tensioning means and the contacting portion. 3. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the tensioning means comprises at least one screw to be screwed into the holding means for attaching the holding means at the transport frame, for moving the holding means relative to the transport frame, and/or for moving the contacting portion of the holding means against the hub as soon as the hub is placed in the predetermined position on the transport frame. 4. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the base portion comprises a stabilization means receiving part to receive a stabilization means of the bracket to stabilize the holding means at the transport frame when the holding means is pressed against the hub, further wherein the stabilization means receiving part is configured to receive the stabilization means in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction of the contacting portion against the hub. 5. The bracket according to claim 2, wherein the L-shaped or essentially L-shaped base portion includes a wedge-shaped receiving portion at an end section of the base portion for guiding the hub into position at the transport frame. 6. A transport frame for holding a hub of a wind turbine in place during transport of the hub, comprising at least one bracket according to claim 1. 7. The transport frame according to claim 6, further comprising a main body with a mounting portion, wherein the mounting portion is attached to the main body, wherein the tensioning means is provided to be mechanically connectable with the holding means and the mounting portion for attaching the holding means at the transport frame. 8. The transport frame according to claim 7, wherein the mounting portion is integrally connected with the main body. 9. The transport frame according to claim 7 any one of claim, wherein the base portion comprises a guiding part that is flush-mount to a counter guiding part of the main body when moving the base portion and/or the contacting portion of the holding means against the hub. 10. The transport frame according to claim 7, wherein the main body comprises a ring-shaped or essentially ring-shaped supporting portion for supporting the hub on the transport frame, wherein a normal vector of the supporting portion extends orthogonally to a normal vector of the contacting portion. | A bracket for a transport frame, configured to hold a hub of a wind turbine in place at the transport frame during transport of the hub, the bracket holding the hub during the transport of the hub and mechanically connecting a holding device and the transport frame for attaching the holding device at the transport frame, for moving the holding device relative to the transport frame, and for moving a contacting portion of the holding device against the hub, which is arranged in a predetermined position on the transport frame is provided. A transport frame is also provided that includes, at least one bracket.1. A bracket for a transport frame, configured to hold a hub of a wind turbine in place at the transport frame during transport of the hub, comprising:
a holding means for holding the hub during the transport of the hub; and a tensioning means mechanically connectable with the holding means and the transport frame for attaching the holding means at the transport frame, for moving the holding means relative to the transport frame, and for moving a contacting portion of the holding means against the hub, which is arranged in a predetermined position on the transport frame. 2. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the holding means comprises an L-shaped or essentially L-shaped base portion with an attaching portion for the mechanical connection with the tensioning means and the contacting portion. 3. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the tensioning means comprises at least one screw to be screwed into the holding means for attaching the holding means at the transport frame, for moving the holding means relative to the transport frame, and/or for moving the contacting portion of the holding means against the hub as soon as the hub is placed in the predetermined position on the transport frame. 4. The bracket according to claim 1, wherein the base portion comprises a stabilization means receiving part to receive a stabilization means of the bracket to stabilize the holding means at the transport frame when the holding means is pressed against the hub, further wherein the stabilization means receiving part is configured to receive the stabilization means in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction of the contacting portion against the hub. 5. The bracket according to claim 2, wherein the L-shaped or essentially L-shaped base portion includes a wedge-shaped receiving portion at an end section of the base portion for guiding the hub into position at the transport frame. 6. A transport frame for holding a hub of a wind turbine in place during transport of the hub, comprising at least one bracket according to claim 1. 7. The transport frame according to claim 6, further comprising a main body with a mounting portion, wherein the mounting portion is attached to the main body, wherein the tensioning means is provided to be mechanically connectable with the holding means and the mounting portion for attaching the holding means at the transport frame. 8. The transport frame according to claim 7, wherein the mounting portion is integrally connected with the main body. 9. The transport frame according to claim 7 any one of claim, wherein the base portion comprises a guiding part that is flush-mount to a counter guiding part of the main body when moving the base portion and/or the contacting portion of the holding means against the hub. 10. The transport frame according to claim 7, wherein the main body comprises a ring-shaped or essentially ring-shaped supporting portion for supporting the hub on the transport frame, wherein a normal vector of the supporting portion extends orthogonally to a normal vector of the contacting portion. | 2,600 |
339,298 | 16,800,174 | 2,628 | A vacuumed material collection station for receiving vacuumed material from a vacuum cleaning apparatus includes a vacuumed material collection container and an interface for connecting the vacuum cleaning apparatus to the vacuumed material collection station. The vacuumed material collection station comprises a receptacle space for receiving a filter chamber of a vacuum cleaning apparatus connected to the vacuumed material collection station and a feed device for feeding the filter chamber into the receptacle space. The receptacle space is designed for completely encompassing the filter chamber and/or at the most not encompassing a chamber side facing the interface with the vacuum cleaning apparatus. The receptacle space forms a partial volume within the housing of the vacuumed material collection station, and the feed device is designed for removing the filter chamber from the vacuum cleaning apparatus and displacing the filter chamber into the receptacle space. | 1. A vacuumed material collection station for receiving vacuumed material from a vacuum cleaning apparatus, comprising:
a vacuumed material collection container and an interface configured for connecting the vacuum cleaning apparatus to the vacuumed material collection station; a receptacle space configured for receiving a filter chamber of the vacuum cleaning apparatus connected to the vacuumed material collection station, and a feed device configured for feeding the filter chamber into the receptacle space, wherein the receptacle space is designed for completely encompassing the filter chamber or at the most not encompassing a chamber side facing the interface with the vacuum cleaning apparatus, wherein the receptacle space forms a partial volume within the housing of the vacuumed material collection station, and wherein the feed device is designed for removing the filter chamber from the vacuum cleaning apparatus and displacing the filter chamber into the receptacle space. 2. The vacuumed material collection station according to claim 1, wherein the feed device comprises a guiding device configured for guiding a displacement motion of the filter chamber into the receptacle space or a driving device configured for displacing the filter chamber. 3. The vacuumed material collection station according to claim 2, wherein the guiding device comprises a slotted guide or a guide rail or a guide spindle. 4. The vacuumed material collection station according to claim 1, wherein the receptacle space is arranged above the vacuumed material collection container in an operative orientation of the vacuumed material collection station such that vacuumed material can drop from a filter chamber arranged in the receptacle space into the vacuumed material collection container under the influence of gravitational force. 5. The vacuumed material collection station according to claim 1, wherein the receptacle space is arranged in an air flow channel of the vacuumed material collection station. 6. The vacuumed material collection station according to claim 5, further comprising a station fan designed for generating a vacuum in the receptacle space, the station fan being associated with the air flow channel. 7. The vacuumed material collection station according to claim 5, wherein the air flow channel comprises pressure sensors arranged upstream and downstream of the receptacle space relative to a flow direction. 8. A system consisting of a vacuumed material collection station according to claim 1 and a vacuum cleaning apparatus with a housing, a suction nozzle, a filter chamber, a fan and an electric motor for driving the fan,
wherein the feed device of the vacuumed material collection station is designed for removing the filter chamber from the vacuum cleaning apparatus and displacing the filter chamber into the receptacle space, or wherein the vacuum cleaning apparatus comprises a displacement device that is designed for displacing the filter chamber out of the housing of the vacuum cleaning apparatus,
wherein the vacuum cleaning apparatus is configured to be arranged on the interface of the vacuumed material collection station in such a way that the receptacle space of the vacuumed material collection station and a portion of the vacuum cleaning apparatus containing the filter chamber are connected to one another. | A vacuumed material collection station for receiving vacuumed material from a vacuum cleaning apparatus includes a vacuumed material collection container and an interface for connecting the vacuum cleaning apparatus to the vacuumed material collection station. The vacuumed material collection station comprises a receptacle space for receiving a filter chamber of a vacuum cleaning apparatus connected to the vacuumed material collection station and a feed device for feeding the filter chamber into the receptacle space. The receptacle space is designed for completely encompassing the filter chamber and/or at the most not encompassing a chamber side facing the interface with the vacuum cleaning apparatus. The receptacle space forms a partial volume within the housing of the vacuumed material collection station, and the feed device is designed for removing the filter chamber from the vacuum cleaning apparatus and displacing the filter chamber into the receptacle space.1. A vacuumed material collection station for receiving vacuumed material from a vacuum cleaning apparatus, comprising:
a vacuumed material collection container and an interface configured for connecting the vacuum cleaning apparatus to the vacuumed material collection station; a receptacle space configured for receiving a filter chamber of the vacuum cleaning apparatus connected to the vacuumed material collection station, and a feed device configured for feeding the filter chamber into the receptacle space, wherein the receptacle space is designed for completely encompassing the filter chamber or at the most not encompassing a chamber side facing the interface with the vacuum cleaning apparatus, wherein the receptacle space forms a partial volume within the housing of the vacuumed material collection station, and wherein the feed device is designed for removing the filter chamber from the vacuum cleaning apparatus and displacing the filter chamber into the receptacle space. 2. The vacuumed material collection station according to claim 1, wherein the feed device comprises a guiding device configured for guiding a displacement motion of the filter chamber into the receptacle space or a driving device configured for displacing the filter chamber. 3. The vacuumed material collection station according to claim 2, wherein the guiding device comprises a slotted guide or a guide rail or a guide spindle. 4. The vacuumed material collection station according to claim 1, wherein the receptacle space is arranged above the vacuumed material collection container in an operative orientation of the vacuumed material collection station such that vacuumed material can drop from a filter chamber arranged in the receptacle space into the vacuumed material collection container under the influence of gravitational force. 5. The vacuumed material collection station according to claim 1, wherein the receptacle space is arranged in an air flow channel of the vacuumed material collection station. 6. The vacuumed material collection station according to claim 5, further comprising a station fan designed for generating a vacuum in the receptacle space, the station fan being associated with the air flow channel. 7. The vacuumed material collection station according to claim 5, wherein the air flow channel comprises pressure sensors arranged upstream and downstream of the receptacle space relative to a flow direction. 8. A system consisting of a vacuumed material collection station according to claim 1 and a vacuum cleaning apparatus with a housing, a suction nozzle, a filter chamber, a fan and an electric motor for driving the fan,
wherein the feed device of the vacuumed material collection station is designed for removing the filter chamber from the vacuum cleaning apparatus and displacing the filter chamber into the receptacle space, or wherein the vacuum cleaning apparatus comprises a displacement device that is designed for displacing the filter chamber out of the housing of the vacuum cleaning apparatus,
wherein the vacuum cleaning apparatus is configured to be arranged on the interface of the vacuumed material collection station in such a way that the receptacle space of the vacuumed material collection station and a portion of the vacuum cleaning apparatus containing the filter chamber are connected to one another. | 2,600 |
339,299 | 16,800,162 | 2,628 | During operation, a radio node may receive location information relating to a location of the radio node. Then, the radio node may provide a grant request to a computer, where the grant request includes a request to reserve a portion of a shared-license-access band of frequencies for use by the radio node based at least in part on the location information. Note that the location information may indicate whether the radio node is included in a geographic region. For example, the geographic region may include locations within a predefined distance from a boundary, such as a coastline. When the location information indicates the radio node is included in the geographic region, the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies may be outside of a second portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies that is selectively used by a government user or a satellite service. | 1. A radio node, comprising:
a node or connector configured to communicatively couple to a network; an interface circuit, communicatively coupled to the node or connector, configured to communicate with a computer; and a second interface circuit configured to wirelessly communicate in a shared-license-access band of frequencies, wherein the radio node is configured to: receive location information relating to a location of the radio node, wherein the radio node is different from a spectrum allocation server; and provide, via the interface circuit, a grant request addressed to the computer, wherein the grant request comprises a request to reserve a portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies for use by the radio node, and the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies is based at least in part on the location information. 2. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the location information indicates whether the radio node is included in a geographic region. 3. The radio node of claim 2, wherein the geographic region comprises locations within a predefined distance from a boundary. 4. The radio node of claim 3, wherein the boundary comprises a coastline. 5. The radio node of claim 2, wherein, when the location information indicates the radio node is included in the geographic region, the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies is outside of a second portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies that is selectively used by a government user or a satellite service. 6. The radio node of claim 5, wherein the shared-license-access band of frequencies comprises a Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), and the second portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies comprises a first 100 MHz in the CBRS. 7. The radio node of claim 2, wherein, when the location information indicates the radio node is outside of the geographic region, the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies selectively includes the second portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies. 8. The radio node of claim 1, wherein receiving the location information comprises accessing the location information at a memory location in the radio node. 9. The radio node of claim 8, wherein the memory location is included in or specified by a type of non-transitory device. 10. The radio node of claim 9, wherein the type of non-transitory device comprises: a register that stores the location information, a fuse, or a connector configured to receive a voltage corresponding to the location information. 11. The radio node of claim 1, wherein receiving the location information comprises determining the location of the radio node and generating the location information based at least in part on the location. 12. The radio node of claim 11, wherein the location of the radio node is determined using at least one of: triangulation, trilateration, or another type of measurement. 13. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the location information is associated with another electronic device. 14. The radio node of claim 1, wherein communication with the computer comprises wired communication. 15. The radio node of claim 1, wherein an Evolved Node B (eNodeB), a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) NodeB and radio network controller (RNC), or a New Radio (NR) gNB or gNodeB. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for use in conjunction with a radio node configured to communicate wirelessly in a shared-license-access band of frequencies, the computer-readable storage medium storing program instructions that, when executed by the radio node, cause the radio node to perform operations comprising:
receiving location information relating to a location of the radio node, wherein the radio node is different from a spectrum allocation server; and providing a grant request addressed to a computer, wherein the grant request comprises a request to reserve a portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies for use by the radio node, and the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies is based at least in part on the location information. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the location information indicates whether the radio node is included in a geographic region; and
wherein the geographic region comprises locations within a predefined distance from a boundary. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein, when the location information indicates the radio node is included in the geographic region, the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies is outside of a second portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies that is selectively used by a government user or a satellite service. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein receiving the location information comprises one of: accessing the location information at a memory location in the radio node; determining the location of the radio node and generating the location information based at least in part on the location; or receiving the location information associated with another electronic device. 20. A method for dynamically adjusting a grant request, comprising:
by a radio node that communicates wirelessly in a shared-license-access band of frequencies: receiving location information relating to a location of the radio node, wherein the radio node is different from a spectrum allocation server; and providing a grant request addressed to a computer, wherein the grant request comprises a request to reserve a portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies for use by the radio node, and the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies is based at least in part on the location information. | During operation, a radio node may receive location information relating to a location of the radio node. Then, the radio node may provide a grant request to a computer, where the grant request includes a request to reserve a portion of a shared-license-access band of frequencies for use by the radio node based at least in part on the location information. Note that the location information may indicate whether the radio node is included in a geographic region. For example, the geographic region may include locations within a predefined distance from a boundary, such as a coastline. When the location information indicates the radio node is included in the geographic region, the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies may be outside of a second portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies that is selectively used by a government user or a satellite service.1. A radio node, comprising:
a node or connector configured to communicatively couple to a network; an interface circuit, communicatively coupled to the node or connector, configured to communicate with a computer; and a second interface circuit configured to wirelessly communicate in a shared-license-access band of frequencies, wherein the radio node is configured to: receive location information relating to a location of the radio node, wherein the radio node is different from a spectrum allocation server; and provide, via the interface circuit, a grant request addressed to the computer, wherein the grant request comprises a request to reserve a portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies for use by the radio node, and the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies is based at least in part on the location information. 2. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the location information indicates whether the radio node is included in a geographic region. 3. The radio node of claim 2, wherein the geographic region comprises locations within a predefined distance from a boundary. 4. The radio node of claim 3, wherein the boundary comprises a coastline. 5. The radio node of claim 2, wherein, when the location information indicates the radio node is included in the geographic region, the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies is outside of a second portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies that is selectively used by a government user or a satellite service. 6. The radio node of claim 5, wherein the shared-license-access band of frequencies comprises a Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), and the second portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies comprises a first 100 MHz in the CBRS. 7. The radio node of claim 2, wherein, when the location information indicates the radio node is outside of the geographic region, the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies selectively includes the second portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies. 8. The radio node of claim 1, wherein receiving the location information comprises accessing the location information at a memory location in the radio node. 9. The radio node of claim 8, wherein the memory location is included in or specified by a type of non-transitory device. 10. The radio node of claim 9, wherein the type of non-transitory device comprises: a register that stores the location information, a fuse, or a connector configured to receive a voltage corresponding to the location information. 11. The radio node of claim 1, wherein receiving the location information comprises determining the location of the radio node and generating the location information based at least in part on the location. 12. The radio node of claim 11, wherein the location of the radio node is determined using at least one of: triangulation, trilateration, or another type of measurement. 13. The radio node of claim 1, wherein the location information is associated with another electronic device. 14. The radio node of claim 1, wherein communication with the computer comprises wired communication. 15. The radio node of claim 1, wherein an Evolved Node B (eNodeB), a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) NodeB and radio network controller (RNC), or a New Radio (NR) gNB or gNodeB. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for use in conjunction with a radio node configured to communicate wirelessly in a shared-license-access band of frequencies, the computer-readable storage medium storing program instructions that, when executed by the radio node, cause the radio node to perform operations comprising:
receiving location information relating to a location of the radio node, wherein the radio node is different from a spectrum allocation server; and providing a grant request addressed to a computer, wherein the grant request comprises a request to reserve a portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies for use by the radio node, and the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies is based at least in part on the location information. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the location information indicates whether the radio node is included in a geographic region; and
wherein the geographic region comprises locations within a predefined distance from a boundary. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein, when the location information indicates the radio node is included in the geographic region, the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies is outside of a second portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies that is selectively used by a government user or a satellite service. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein receiving the location information comprises one of: accessing the location information at a memory location in the radio node; determining the location of the radio node and generating the location information based at least in part on the location; or receiving the location information associated with another electronic device. 20. A method for dynamically adjusting a grant request, comprising:
by a radio node that communicates wirelessly in a shared-license-access band of frequencies: receiving location information relating to a location of the radio node, wherein the radio node is different from a spectrum allocation server; and providing a grant request addressed to a computer, wherein the grant request comprises a request to reserve a portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies for use by the radio node, and the portion of the shared-license-access band of frequencies is based at least in part on the location information. | 2,600 |
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