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339,300 | 16,800,217 | 2,628 | A security apparatus for securely displaying a portable electronic device comprises a base, a holder and a securing portion. The base defines a central bore and comprises a holder engagement portion. The holder comprises an outer surface defining a plurality of vertical channels terminating in a support surface forming a support platform. A holder groove is defined between the support platform and the outer surface of the holder. The securing portion comprises a plurality of projections coupled to each other by one or more lateral braces. Each of the plurality of projections comprises a lateral extension that is configured to contact the support surface and engage a holder groove. Rotation of the securing portion relative to the holder moves each lateral extension of the plurality of projections into the holder channel and secures the securing portion to the holder. | 1. A security apparatus configured to securely display a portable electronic device, the security apparatus comprising:
a base defining a central bore and comprising,
a circumferential rim including a plurality of surface features, and
one or more anchors extending from a bottom surface of the base
a holder comprising,
an outer surface defining a plurality of vertical channels terminating in a support surface, the support surface extending from each of the plurality of vertical channels to a support platform, wherein a holder groove is defined between the support platform and the outer surface of the holder, and
an inner surface defining a depression, and
an extension extending from the holder and configured to be partially positioned within the central bore; and
a securing portion comprising a plurality of projections coupled to each other by one or more lateral braces, wherein each of the plurality of projections comprises a lateral extension that is configured to contact the support surface and engage the holder groove, wherein rotation of the securing portion relative to the holder moves each lateral extension of the plurality of projections into the holder groove and secures the securing portion to the holder, wherein each support platform is configured to be positioned within one of the plurality of the surface features of the circumferential rim, and wherein the circumferential rim prevents the securing portion from being rotated relative to the holder. 2. The security apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a wireless charging device configured to be positioned within the depression. 3. The security apparatus of claim 1, wherein the holder defines one or more side openings. 4. The security apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an alarm device configured to generate an alarm signal when a portable electronic device is removed from the holder. 5. The security apparatus of claim 1, wherein the support surface is positioned at about 90° relative to the outer surface of the holder. 6. A security apparatus configured to securely display a portable electronic device, the security apparatus comprising:
a base defining a central bore and comprising,
a holder engagement portion, and
one or more anchors extending from a bottom surface of the base a holder comprising,
an outer surface defining a plurality of vertical channels terminating in a support surface, the support surface extending from each of the plurality of vertical channels to a support platform, wherein a holder groove is defined between the support platform and the outer surface of the holder, and
an inner surface defining a depression, and
an extension extending from the holder and configured to be partially positioned within the central bore; and
a securing portion comprising a plurality of projections coupled to each other by one or more lateral braces, wherein each of the plurality of projections comprises a lateral extension that is configured to contact the support surface and engage a holder groove, wherein rotation of the securing portion relative to the holder moves each lateral extension of the plurality of projections into the holder channel and secures the securing portion to the holder. 7. The security apparatus of claim 6, wherein each support platform is configured to be positioned within one of the plurality of the notches defined by the circumferential rim. 8. The security apparatus of claim 7, wherein the circumferential rim prevents the securing portion from being rotated relative to the holder. 9. The security apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a wireless charging device configured to be positioned within the depression. 10. The security apparatus of claim 8, wherein the holder defines one or more side openings. 11. The security apparatus of claim 8, further comprising an alarm device configured to generate an alarm signal when a portable electronic device is removed from the holder. 12. The security apparatus of claim 6, wherein the support surface is positioned at about 90° relative to the outer surface of the holder. | A security apparatus for securely displaying a portable electronic device comprises a base, a holder and a securing portion. The base defines a central bore and comprises a holder engagement portion. The holder comprises an outer surface defining a plurality of vertical channels terminating in a support surface forming a support platform. A holder groove is defined between the support platform and the outer surface of the holder. The securing portion comprises a plurality of projections coupled to each other by one or more lateral braces. Each of the plurality of projections comprises a lateral extension that is configured to contact the support surface and engage a holder groove. Rotation of the securing portion relative to the holder moves each lateral extension of the plurality of projections into the holder channel and secures the securing portion to the holder.1. A security apparatus configured to securely display a portable electronic device, the security apparatus comprising:
a base defining a central bore and comprising,
a circumferential rim including a plurality of surface features, and
one or more anchors extending from a bottom surface of the base
a holder comprising,
an outer surface defining a plurality of vertical channels terminating in a support surface, the support surface extending from each of the plurality of vertical channels to a support platform, wherein a holder groove is defined between the support platform and the outer surface of the holder, and
an inner surface defining a depression, and
an extension extending from the holder and configured to be partially positioned within the central bore; and
a securing portion comprising a plurality of projections coupled to each other by one or more lateral braces, wherein each of the plurality of projections comprises a lateral extension that is configured to contact the support surface and engage the holder groove, wherein rotation of the securing portion relative to the holder moves each lateral extension of the plurality of projections into the holder groove and secures the securing portion to the holder, wherein each support platform is configured to be positioned within one of the plurality of the surface features of the circumferential rim, and wherein the circumferential rim prevents the securing portion from being rotated relative to the holder. 2. The security apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a wireless charging device configured to be positioned within the depression. 3. The security apparatus of claim 1, wherein the holder defines one or more side openings. 4. The security apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an alarm device configured to generate an alarm signal when a portable electronic device is removed from the holder. 5. The security apparatus of claim 1, wherein the support surface is positioned at about 90° relative to the outer surface of the holder. 6. A security apparatus configured to securely display a portable electronic device, the security apparatus comprising:
a base defining a central bore and comprising,
a holder engagement portion, and
one or more anchors extending from a bottom surface of the base a holder comprising,
an outer surface defining a plurality of vertical channels terminating in a support surface, the support surface extending from each of the plurality of vertical channels to a support platform, wherein a holder groove is defined between the support platform and the outer surface of the holder, and
an inner surface defining a depression, and
an extension extending from the holder and configured to be partially positioned within the central bore; and
a securing portion comprising a plurality of projections coupled to each other by one or more lateral braces, wherein each of the plurality of projections comprises a lateral extension that is configured to contact the support surface and engage a holder groove, wherein rotation of the securing portion relative to the holder moves each lateral extension of the plurality of projections into the holder channel and secures the securing portion to the holder. 7. The security apparatus of claim 6, wherein each support platform is configured to be positioned within one of the plurality of the notches defined by the circumferential rim. 8. The security apparatus of claim 7, wherein the circumferential rim prevents the securing portion from being rotated relative to the holder. 9. The security apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a wireless charging device configured to be positioned within the depression. 10. The security apparatus of claim 8, wherein the holder defines one or more side openings. 11. The security apparatus of claim 8, further comprising an alarm device configured to generate an alarm signal when a portable electronic device is removed from the holder. 12. The security apparatus of claim 6, wherein the support surface is positioned at about 90° relative to the outer surface of the holder. | 2,600 |
339,301 | 16,800,198 | 2,628 | A conveyance unit of an image printing apparatus includes a conveyance member configured to nip and convey the print medium and disposed upstream of the print head in the conveyance direction but does not include a conveyance member configured to nip and convey the print medium and disposed downstream of the print head in the conveyance direction. In a case where a trailing edge margin length indicated by the trailing edge margin information is shorter than a first length, a control unit of the image printing apparatus controls the print head and the conveyance unit such that at least one scan of the print head for printing the image is performed after a trailing edge of the print medium in the conveyance direction passes by the conveyance member disposed upstream of the print head. | 1-16. (canceled) 17. An image printing apparatus comprising:
a scan unit configured to scan in a scan direction multiple times to print an image on a print medium; a conveyance unit configured to convey the print medium in a conveyance direction intersecting the scan direction; and a control unit configured to control the scan unit and the conveyance unit based on image data, wherein the conveyance unit includes a upstream conveyance member configured to convey the print medium and disposed upstream of the scan unit in the conveyance direction but does not include a downstream conveyance member configured to convey the print medium and disposed downstream of the scan unit in the conveyance direction, and wherein the scan unit is capable of scanning at least one time after a trailing edge of the print medium in the conveyance direction passes through the upstream conveyance member. 18. The image printing apparatus according to claim 17, further comprising an obtaining unit configured to obtain a trailing edge margin length,
wherein in a case where the trailing edge margin length is shorter than a predetermined threshold, the control unit controls the scan unit so as to scan at least one time after the trailing edge of the print medium passes through the upstream conveyance member, and wherein in a case where the trailing edge margin length is equal to or longer than the predetermined threshold, the control unit controls the scan unit so as not to scan after the trailing edge of the print medium passes through the upstream conveyance member. 19. The image printing apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the obtaining unit obtains the trailing edge margin length based on a print job including the image data. 20. The image printing apparatus according to claim 18, wherein in the case where the trailing edge margin length is shorter than the predetermined threshold, the control unit controls the scan unit and the conveyance unit such that a length between a trailing edge of the image printed on the print medium in the conveyance direction and the trailing edge of the print medium in the conveyance direction is a predetermined length which is shorter than the predetermined threshold. 21. The image printing apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the obtaining unit obtains an image length in the conveyance direction based on the print job, and
wherein the control unit sets a leading edge margin length based on the trailing edge margin length and the image length and controls the scan unit and the conveyance unit such that the image is printed with the set leading edge margin length. 22. The image printing apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the control unit sets the leading edge margin length to a length obtained based on the image length, the predetermined length, and a length of the print medium in the conveyance direction. 23. The image printing apparatus according to claim 22, further comprising a detection unit configured to detect the length of the print medium in the conveyance direction. 24. The image printing apparatus according to claim 18, wherein in a case where the trailing edge margin length is equal to or longer than the predetermined threshold, the control unit controls the scan unit and the conveyance unit such that the image is printed from a leading edge of the image to the trailing edge of the image in the conveyance direction in a state where the print medium is nipped by the upstream conveyance member. 25. The image printing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the scan unit includes a print head and a carriage upon which is mounted the print head. 26. The image printing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the image is printed by the scan unit scanning a unit area on the print medium multiple times. 27. The image printing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the upstream conveyance member is a roller pair. 28. The image printing apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the predetermined length is a trailing edge margin length corresponding to a position to which the print medium is conveyed by being released by the upstream conveyance member. 29. The image printing apparatus according to claim 17, further comprising a platen configured to support the print medium from a back surface of the print medium. 30. The image printing apparatus according to claim 29, further comprising a generation unit configured to generate a holding force at the platen for holding the print medium. 31. The image printing apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the generation unit generates a suction force at the platen using a suction fan. 32. The image printing apparatus according to claim 30, wherein after a print operation for printing the image on the print medium by the scan unit is finished, when the generation unit stops generating the holding force, the print medium is discharged by the weight of the print medium. 33. The image printing apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the detection unit includes (1) a first detection unit configured to detect the print medium at a position upstream, in the conveyance direction, of the upstream conveyance member, and (2) a second detection unit configured to detect the print medium at a position downstream of the upstream conveyance member in the conveyance direction, and
wherein the detection unit detects the length of the print medium, based on a position of the trailing edge of the print medium detected by the first detection unit, a position of a leading edge of the print medium detected by the second detection unit, and a conveyance amount from the position at which the trailing edge of the print medium is detected by the first detection unit to the position at which the leading edge of the print medium is detected by the second detection unit. 34. The image printing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the image printing apparatus is an inkjet printing apparatus configured to print the image on the print medium by repeating (1) a print operation of printing an image on the print medium while making the scan unit scan the print medium in the scan direction, wherein upon the scan unit is mounted a print head having multiple ejecting ports configured to eject ink and arrayed in the conveyance direction, and (2) a conveyance operation of conveying the print medium in the conveyance direction by the conveyance unit. 35. A control method for an image printing apparatus including (a) a scan unit configured to scan in a scan direction multiple times to print an image on a print medium, and (b) a conveyance unit configured to convey the print medium in a conveyance direction intersecting the scan direction, the conveyance unit including a upstream conveyance member configured to convey the print medium and disposed upstream of the scan unit in the conveyance direction but not including a downstream conveyance member configured to convey the print medium and disposed downstream of the scan unit in the conveyance direction, the control method comprising:
a conveyance step of conveying the print medium by the conveyance unit; and a scanning step of scanning at least one time for printing the image after a trailing edge of the print medium in the conveyance direction passes through the upstream conveyance member. | A conveyance unit of an image printing apparatus includes a conveyance member configured to nip and convey the print medium and disposed upstream of the print head in the conveyance direction but does not include a conveyance member configured to nip and convey the print medium and disposed downstream of the print head in the conveyance direction. In a case where a trailing edge margin length indicated by the trailing edge margin information is shorter than a first length, a control unit of the image printing apparatus controls the print head and the conveyance unit such that at least one scan of the print head for printing the image is performed after a trailing edge of the print medium in the conveyance direction passes by the conveyance member disposed upstream of the print head.1-16. (canceled) 17. An image printing apparatus comprising:
a scan unit configured to scan in a scan direction multiple times to print an image on a print medium; a conveyance unit configured to convey the print medium in a conveyance direction intersecting the scan direction; and a control unit configured to control the scan unit and the conveyance unit based on image data, wherein the conveyance unit includes a upstream conveyance member configured to convey the print medium and disposed upstream of the scan unit in the conveyance direction but does not include a downstream conveyance member configured to convey the print medium and disposed downstream of the scan unit in the conveyance direction, and wherein the scan unit is capable of scanning at least one time after a trailing edge of the print medium in the conveyance direction passes through the upstream conveyance member. 18. The image printing apparatus according to claim 17, further comprising an obtaining unit configured to obtain a trailing edge margin length,
wherein in a case where the trailing edge margin length is shorter than a predetermined threshold, the control unit controls the scan unit so as to scan at least one time after the trailing edge of the print medium passes through the upstream conveyance member, and wherein in a case where the trailing edge margin length is equal to or longer than the predetermined threshold, the control unit controls the scan unit so as not to scan after the trailing edge of the print medium passes through the upstream conveyance member. 19. The image printing apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the obtaining unit obtains the trailing edge margin length based on a print job including the image data. 20. The image printing apparatus according to claim 18, wherein in the case where the trailing edge margin length is shorter than the predetermined threshold, the control unit controls the scan unit and the conveyance unit such that a length between a trailing edge of the image printed on the print medium in the conveyance direction and the trailing edge of the print medium in the conveyance direction is a predetermined length which is shorter than the predetermined threshold. 21. The image printing apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the obtaining unit obtains an image length in the conveyance direction based on the print job, and
wherein the control unit sets a leading edge margin length based on the trailing edge margin length and the image length and controls the scan unit and the conveyance unit such that the image is printed with the set leading edge margin length. 22. The image printing apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the control unit sets the leading edge margin length to a length obtained based on the image length, the predetermined length, and a length of the print medium in the conveyance direction. 23. The image printing apparatus according to claim 22, further comprising a detection unit configured to detect the length of the print medium in the conveyance direction. 24. The image printing apparatus according to claim 18, wherein in a case where the trailing edge margin length is equal to or longer than the predetermined threshold, the control unit controls the scan unit and the conveyance unit such that the image is printed from a leading edge of the image to the trailing edge of the image in the conveyance direction in a state where the print medium is nipped by the upstream conveyance member. 25. The image printing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the scan unit includes a print head and a carriage upon which is mounted the print head. 26. The image printing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the image is printed by the scan unit scanning a unit area on the print medium multiple times. 27. The image printing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the upstream conveyance member is a roller pair. 28. The image printing apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the predetermined length is a trailing edge margin length corresponding to a position to which the print medium is conveyed by being released by the upstream conveyance member. 29. The image printing apparatus according to claim 17, further comprising a platen configured to support the print medium from a back surface of the print medium. 30. The image printing apparatus according to claim 29, further comprising a generation unit configured to generate a holding force at the platen for holding the print medium. 31. The image printing apparatus according to claim 30, wherein the generation unit generates a suction force at the platen using a suction fan. 32. The image printing apparatus according to claim 30, wherein after a print operation for printing the image on the print medium by the scan unit is finished, when the generation unit stops generating the holding force, the print medium is discharged by the weight of the print medium. 33. The image printing apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the detection unit includes (1) a first detection unit configured to detect the print medium at a position upstream, in the conveyance direction, of the upstream conveyance member, and (2) a second detection unit configured to detect the print medium at a position downstream of the upstream conveyance member in the conveyance direction, and
wherein the detection unit detects the length of the print medium, based on a position of the trailing edge of the print medium detected by the first detection unit, a position of a leading edge of the print medium detected by the second detection unit, and a conveyance amount from the position at which the trailing edge of the print medium is detected by the first detection unit to the position at which the leading edge of the print medium is detected by the second detection unit. 34. The image printing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the image printing apparatus is an inkjet printing apparatus configured to print the image on the print medium by repeating (1) a print operation of printing an image on the print medium while making the scan unit scan the print medium in the scan direction, wherein upon the scan unit is mounted a print head having multiple ejecting ports configured to eject ink and arrayed in the conveyance direction, and (2) a conveyance operation of conveying the print medium in the conveyance direction by the conveyance unit. 35. A control method for an image printing apparatus including (a) a scan unit configured to scan in a scan direction multiple times to print an image on a print medium, and (b) a conveyance unit configured to convey the print medium in a conveyance direction intersecting the scan direction, the conveyance unit including a upstream conveyance member configured to convey the print medium and disposed upstream of the scan unit in the conveyance direction but not including a downstream conveyance member configured to convey the print medium and disposed downstream of the scan unit in the conveyance direction, the control method comprising:
a conveyance step of conveying the print medium by the conveyance unit; and a scanning step of scanning at least one time for printing the image after a trailing edge of the print medium in the conveyance direction passes through the upstream conveyance member. | 2,600 |
339,302 | 16,800,211 | 2,628 | The present disclosure relates to a cell structure for an acoustic attenuation device for a nacelle of an aircraft propulsion assembly. This cell structure includes lateral partitions forming channels that each extend between a first end and a second end and skin elements arranged so that each channel is at least partly closed at the first end thereof by at least one skin element. Each skin element is connected to a respective lateral partition and can move relative to the other lateral partitions. A continuous skin can be assembled on this cell structure so as to at least partly close the channels at the second end thereof and to thus form an acoustic attenuation device. | 1. A cellular structure for an acoustic attenuation device for an aircraft propulsion unit nacelle, the cellular structure comprising:
lateral partition walls forming channels, each channel extending between a first end and a second end of the channel; and a plurality of skin elements arranged such that the first end of each channel is at least partially closed by at least one of the plurality of skin elements, wherein each skin element is connected to a respective lateral partition wall and is movable relative to an other lateral partition walls, wherein the plurality of skin elements form a discontinuous skin arranged to at least partially close the first ends of the channels. 2. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of skin elements is fastened to a respective lateral partition wall by welding, riveting, bolting, crimping, or gluing. 3. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of skin elements forms one single piece with the lateral partition wall to which it is connected. 4. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein the first end of each channel is at least partially closed by a first skin element and a second skin element. 5. The cellular structure according to claim 4, wherein, for each channel, the first skin element and the second skin element are at least partially superimposed. 6. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the at least one skin element of a first channel covers a portion of at least one other skin element of at least one second channel adjacent to the first channel. 7. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein each channel is delimited by at least four lateral partition walls. 8. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein two adjacent lateral partition walls of two respective adjacent channels are not coplanar. 9. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein, for each channel, at least one lateral partition wall comprises corrugated walls or angled facets. 10. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein each channel constitutes a portion of a Helmholtz cavity arranged to attenuate a noise generated by an aircraft propulsion unit when the channel is at least partially closed at the second end. 11. An acoustic attenuation device for an aircraft propulsion unit nacelle, wherein the acoustic attenuation device comprises a cellular structure according to claim 1 and a continuous skin closing at least partially the channels of the cellular structure at the second end. 12. The acoustic attenuation device according to claim 11, wherein the continuous skin is arranged such that acoustic waves penetrate into the channels of the cellular structure, each channel constituting a Helmholtz cavity having a cavity bottom formed by at least one of the plurality of skin elements. 13. The acoustic attenuation device according to claim 11, wherein at least one portion of the plurality of skin elements of the cellular structure is arranged to let acoustic waves penetrate into the channels of the cellular structure, each channel constituting a Helmholtz cavity having a cavity bottom formed by the continuous skin. 14. The acoustic attenuation device according to claim 11, wherein the cellular structure comprises a metallic material and the continuous skin comprises a composite material, the cellular structure and the continuous skin being glued to each other. 15. The acoustic attenuation device according to claim 11, wherein the cellular structure comprises titanium or a titanium alloy or nickel or a nickel alloy, and the continuous skin comprises a ceramic material, the cellular structure and the continuous skin being glued to each other with a ceramic glue. 16. An acoustic attenuation device for an aircraft propulsion unit nacelle, wherein the acoustic attenuation device comprises:
a first cellular structure according to claim 1; a second cellular structure comprising channels, each channel extending between a first end and a second end of the channel; at least one septum arranged to separate the first and the second cellular structure so as to at least partially close the channels of the first cellular structure at the second end and the channels of the second cellular structure at the first end; and a continuous skin at least partially closing the channels of the second cellular structure at the second end. 17. An aircraft propulsion unit nacelle comprising an acoustic attenuation device according to claim 16. 18. An aircraft propulsion unit nacelle comprising a cellular structure according to claim 1. 19. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein each channel is formed by at least six lateral partition walls. | The present disclosure relates to a cell structure for an acoustic attenuation device for a nacelle of an aircraft propulsion assembly. This cell structure includes lateral partitions forming channels that each extend between a first end and a second end and skin elements arranged so that each channel is at least partly closed at the first end thereof by at least one skin element. Each skin element is connected to a respective lateral partition and can move relative to the other lateral partitions. A continuous skin can be assembled on this cell structure so as to at least partly close the channels at the second end thereof and to thus form an acoustic attenuation device.1. A cellular structure for an acoustic attenuation device for an aircraft propulsion unit nacelle, the cellular structure comprising:
lateral partition walls forming channels, each channel extending between a first end and a second end of the channel; and a plurality of skin elements arranged such that the first end of each channel is at least partially closed by at least one of the plurality of skin elements, wherein each skin element is connected to a respective lateral partition wall and is movable relative to an other lateral partition walls, wherein the plurality of skin elements form a discontinuous skin arranged to at least partially close the first ends of the channels. 2. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of skin elements is fastened to a respective lateral partition wall by welding, riveting, bolting, crimping, or gluing. 3. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of skin elements forms one single piece with the lateral partition wall to which it is connected. 4. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein the first end of each channel is at least partially closed by a first skin element and a second skin element. 5. The cellular structure according to claim 4, wherein, for each channel, the first skin element and the second skin element are at least partially superimposed. 6. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the at least one skin element of a first channel covers a portion of at least one other skin element of at least one second channel adjacent to the first channel. 7. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein each channel is delimited by at least four lateral partition walls. 8. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein two adjacent lateral partition walls of two respective adjacent channels are not coplanar. 9. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein, for each channel, at least one lateral partition wall comprises corrugated walls or angled facets. 10. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein each channel constitutes a portion of a Helmholtz cavity arranged to attenuate a noise generated by an aircraft propulsion unit when the channel is at least partially closed at the second end. 11. An acoustic attenuation device for an aircraft propulsion unit nacelle, wherein the acoustic attenuation device comprises a cellular structure according to claim 1 and a continuous skin closing at least partially the channels of the cellular structure at the second end. 12. The acoustic attenuation device according to claim 11, wherein the continuous skin is arranged such that acoustic waves penetrate into the channels of the cellular structure, each channel constituting a Helmholtz cavity having a cavity bottom formed by at least one of the plurality of skin elements. 13. The acoustic attenuation device according to claim 11, wherein at least one portion of the plurality of skin elements of the cellular structure is arranged to let acoustic waves penetrate into the channels of the cellular structure, each channel constituting a Helmholtz cavity having a cavity bottom formed by the continuous skin. 14. The acoustic attenuation device according to claim 11, wherein the cellular structure comprises a metallic material and the continuous skin comprises a composite material, the cellular structure and the continuous skin being glued to each other. 15. The acoustic attenuation device according to claim 11, wherein the cellular structure comprises titanium or a titanium alloy or nickel or a nickel alloy, and the continuous skin comprises a ceramic material, the cellular structure and the continuous skin being glued to each other with a ceramic glue. 16. An acoustic attenuation device for an aircraft propulsion unit nacelle, wherein the acoustic attenuation device comprises:
a first cellular structure according to claim 1; a second cellular structure comprising channels, each channel extending between a first end and a second end of the channel; at least one septum arranged to separate the first and the second cellular structure so as to at least partially close the channels of the first cellular structure at the second end and the channels of the second cellular structure at the first end; and a continuous skin at least partially closing the channels of the second cellular structure at the second end. 17. An aircraft propulsion unit nacelle comprising an acoustic attenuation device according to claim 16. 18. An aircraft propulsion unit nacelle comprising a cellular structure according to claim 1. 19. The cellular structure according to claim 1, wherein each channel is formed by at least six lateral partition walls. | 2,600 |
339,303 | 16,800,196 | 3,641 | The present invention provides a method of making a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge comprising the steps of: providing an ammunition cartridge mold comprising a bottom portion having a primer recess extending into the bottom portion adapted to receive a primer, a flash hole positioned in the primer recess through the bottom surface; side walls extending from the bottom portion to a nose end aperture, wherein a propellant chamber is formed between the nose end aperture and the bottom surface; injecting a metal composition into the ammunition cartridge mold to form a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge; and removing the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge from the ammunition cartridge mold. | 1. A method of making a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge comprising the steps of:
providing an ammunition cartridge mold comprising a bottom portion having a primer recess extending into the bottom portion adapted to receive a primer, a flash hole positioned in the primer recess through the bottom surface; side walls extending from the bottom portion to a nose end aperture, wherein a propellant chamber is formed between the nose end aperture and the bottom surface; injecting a metal composition into the ammunition cartridge mold to form a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge, wherein the metal composition comprises stainless steel, brass, ceramic alloys, copper/cobalt/nickel/custom alloys, tungsten, tungsten carbide, carballoy, ferro-tungsten, titanium, copper, cobalt, nickel, uranium, depleted uranium, alumina oxide, zirconia and aluminum; and removing the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge from the ammunition cartridge mold. 2. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 1, further comprising the step of forming a shoulder in the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge. 3. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 2, further comprising the step of forming a neck between the shoulder and the nose end aperture to form a projectile aperture. 4. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of 1, wherein the metal composition comprises:
a) 2-16% Ni; 10-20% Cr; 0-5% Mo; 0-0.6% C; 0-6.0% Cu; 0-0.5% Nb+Ta; 0-4.0% Mn; 0-2.0% Si and the balance Fe; b) 2-6% Ni; 13.5-19.5% Cr; 0-0.10% C; 1-7.0% Cu; 0.05-0.65% Nb+Ta; 0-3.0% Mn; 0-3.0% Si and the balance Fe; c) 3-5% Ni; 15.5-17.5% Cr; 0-0.07% C; 3-5.0% Cu; 0.15-0.45% Nb+Ta; 0-1.0% Mn; 0-1.0% Si and the balance Fe; d) 10-14% Ni; 16-18% Cr; 2-3% Mo; 0-0.03% C; 0-2% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; e) 12-14% Cr; 0.15-0.4% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; f) 16-18% Cr; 0-0.05% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; g) 3-12% aluminum, 2-8% vanadium, 0.1-0.75% iron, 0.1-0.5% oxygen, and the remainder titanium; or h) about 6% aluminum, about 4% vanadium, about 0.25% iron, about 0.2% oxygen, and the remainder titanium. 5. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 1, wherein the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge is a 5.56 mm, 7.62 mm, 308, 338, 3030, 3006, 50 caliber, 45 caliber, 380 caliber, 38 caliber, 9 mm, 10 mm, 12.7 mm, 14.5 mm, or 14.7 mm ammunition cartridge. 6. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 1, wherein the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge is 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 57 mm, 60 mm, 75 mm, 76 mm, 81 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm, 105 mm, 106 mm, 115 mm, 120 mm, 122 mm, 125 mm, 130 mm, 152 mm, 155 mm, 165 mm, 175 mm, 203 mm, 460 mm, 8 inch, or 4.2 inch. 7. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 1, wherein the metal composition comprises 102, 174, 201, 202, 300, 302, 303, 304, 308, 309, 316, 316L, 316Ti, 321, 405, 408, 409, 410, 415, 416, 416R, 420, 430, 439, 440, 446 or 601-665 grade stainless steel. 8. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 1, wherein the metal composition comprises 2-16% Ni; 10-20% Cr; 0-5% Mo; 0-0.6% C; 0-6.0% Cu; 0-0.5% Nb+Ta; 0-4.0% Mn; 0-2.0% Si and the balance Fe; 2-6% Ni; 13.5-19.5% Cr; 0-0.10% C; 1-7.0% Cu; 0.05-0.65% Nb+Ta; 0-3.0% Mn; 0-3.0% Si and the balance Fe; 3-5% Ni; 15.5-17.5% Cr; 0-0.07% C; 3-5.0% Cu; 0.15-0.45% Nb+Ta; 0-1.0% Mn; 0-1.0% Si and the balance Fe; 10-14% Ni; 16-18% Cr; 2-3% Mo; 0-0.03% C; 0-2% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; 12-14% Cr; 0.15-0.4% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; 16-18% Cr; 0-0.05% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; 3-12% aluminum, 2-8% vanadium, 0.1-0.75% iron, 0.1-0.5% oxygen, and the remainder titanium; or 6% aluminum, about 4% vanadium, about 0.25% iron, about 0.2% oxygen, and the remainder titanium. 9. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 1, wherein the metal composition comprises brass or a brass alloy. 10. A method of making a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge comprising the steps of:
providing an ammunition cartridge mold comprising a bottom portion having a primer recess extending into the bottom portion adapted to receive a primer, a flash hole positioned in the primer recess through the bottom surface; side walls extending from the bottom portion to a nose end aperture, wherein a propellant chamber is formed between the nose end aperture and the bottom surface; injecting a metal composition into the ammunition cartridge mold to form a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge, wherein the metal composition comprises 2-16% Ni; 10-20% Cr; 0-5% Mo; 0-0.6% C; 0-6.0% Cu; 0-0.5% Nb+Ta; 0-4.0% Mn; 0-2.0% Si and the balance Fe; 2-6% Ni; 13.5-19.5% Cr; 0-0.10% C; 1-7.0% Cu; 0.05-0.65% Nb+Ta; 0-3.0% Mn; 0-3.0% Si and the balance Fe; 3-5% Ni; 15.5-17.5% Cr; 0-0.07% C; 3-5.0% Cu; 0.15-0.45% Nb+Ta; 0-1.0% Mn; 0-1.0% Si and the balance Fe; 10-14% Ni; 16-18% Cr; 2-3% Mo; 0-0.03% C; 0-2% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; 12-14% Cr; 0.15-0.4% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; 16-18% Cr; 0-0.05% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; 3-12% aluminum, 2-8% vanadium, 0.1-0.75% iron, 0.1-0.5% oxygen, and the remainder titanium; or 6% aluminum, about 4% vanadium, about 0.25% iron, about 0.2% oxygen, and the remainder titanium; and removing the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge from the ammunition cartridge mold. 11. A method of making a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge comprising the steps of:
providing an ammunition cartridge mold comprising a bottom portion having a primer recess extending into the bottom portion adapted to receive a primer, a flash hole positioned in the primer recess through the bottom surface; side walls extending from the bottom portion to a nose end aperture, wherein a propellant chamber is formed between the nose end aperture and the bottom surface; injecting a metal composition into the ammunition cartridge mold to form a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge, wherein the metal composition comprises a) 2-16% Ni; 10-20% Cr; 0-5% Mo; 0-0.6% C; 0-6.0% Cu; 0-0.5% Nb+Ta; 0-4.0% Mn; 0-2.0% Si and the balance Fe; b) 2-6% Ni; 13.5-19.5% Cr; 0-0.10% C; 1-7.0% Cu; 0.05-0.65% Nb+Ta; 0-3.0% Mn; 0-3.0% Si and the balance Fe; c) 3-5% Ni; 15.5-17.5% Cr; 0-0.07% C; 3-5.0% Cu; 0.15-0.45% Nb+Ta; 0-1.0% Mn; 0-1.0% Si and the balance Fe; d) 10-14% Ni; 16-18% Cr; 2-3% Mo; 0-0.03% C; 0-2% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; e) 12-14% Cr; 0.15-0.4% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; f) 16-18% Cr; 0-0.05% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; g) 3-12% aluminum, 2-8% vanadium, 0.1-0.75% iron, 0.1-0.5% oxygen, and the remainder titanium; or h) about 6% aluminum, about 4% vanadium, about 0.25% iron, about 0.2% oxygen, and the remainder titanium; and removing the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge from the ammunition cartridge mold. | The present invention provides a method of making a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge comprising the steps of: providing an ammunition cartridge mold comprising a bottom portion having a primer recess extending into the bottom portion adapted to receive a primer, a flash hole positioned in the primer recess through the bottom surface; side walls extending from the bottom portion to a nose end aperture, wherein a propellant chamber is formed between the nose end aperture and the bottom surface; injecting a metal composition into the ammunition cartridge mold to form a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge; and removing the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge from the ammunition cartridge mold.1. A method of making a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge comprising the steps of:
providing an ammunition cartridge mold comprising a bottom portion having a primer recess extending into the bottom portion adapted to receive a primer, a flash hole positioned in the primer recess through the bottom surface; side walls extending from the bottom portion to a nose end aperture, wherein a propellant chamber is formed between the nose end aperture and the bottom surface; injecting a metal composition into the ammunition cartridge mold to form a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge, wherein the metal composition comprises stainless steel, brass, ceramic alloys, copper/cobalt/nickel/custom alloys, tungsten, tungsten carbide, carballoy, ferro-tungsten, titanium, copper, cobalt, nickel, uranium, depleted uranium, alumina oxide, zirconia and aluminum; and removing the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge from the ammunition cartridge mold. 2. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 1, further comprising the step of forming a shoulder in the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge. 3. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 2, further comprising the step of forming a neck between the shoulder and the nose end aperture to form a projectile aperture. 4. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of 1, wherein the metal composition comprises:
a) 2-16% Ni; 10-20% Cr; 0-5% Mo; 0-0.6% C; 0-6.0% Cu; 0-0.5% Nb+Ta; 0-4.0% Mn; 0-2.0% Si and the balance Fe; b) 2-6% Ni; 13.5-19.5% Cr; 0-0.10% C; 1-7.0% Cu; 0.05-0.65% Nb+Ta; 0-3.0% Mn; 0-3.0% Si and the balance Fe; c) 3-5% Ni; 15.5-17.5% Cr; 0-0.07% C; 3-5.0% Cu; 0.15-0.45% Nb+Ta; 0-1.0% Mn; 0-1.0% Si and the balance Fe; d) 10-14% Ni; 16-18% Cr; 2-3% Mo; 0-0.03% C; 0-2% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; e) 12-14% Cr; 0.15-0.4% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; f) 16-18% Cr; 0-0.05% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; g) 3-12% aluminum, 2-8% vanadium, 0.1-0.75% iron, 0.1-0.5% oxygen, and the remainder titanium; or h) about 6% aluminum, about 4% vanadium, about 0.25% iron, about 0.2% oxygen, and the remainder titanium. 5. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 1, wherein the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge is a 5.56 mm, 7.62 mm, 308, 338, 3030, 3006, 50 caliber, 45 caliber, 380 caliber, 38 caliber, 9 mm, 10 mm, 12.7 mm, 14.5 mm, or 14.7 mm ammunition cartridge. 6. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 1, wherein the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge is 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 57 mm, 60 mm, 75 mm, 76 mm, 81 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm, 105 mm, 106 mm, 115 mm, 120 mm, 122 mm, 125 mm, 130 mm, 152 mm, 155 mm, 165 mm, 175 mm, 203 mm, 460 mm, 8 inch, or 4.2 inch. 7. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 1, wherein the metal composition comprises 102, 174, 201, 202, 300, 302, 303, 304, 308, 309, 316, 316L, 316Ti, 321, 405, 408, 409, 410, 415, 416, 416R, 420, 430, 439, 440, 446 or 601-665 grade stainless steel. 8. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 1, wherein the metal composition comprises 2-16% Ni; 10-20% Cr; 0-5% Mo; 0-0.6% C; 0-6.0% Cu; 0-0.5% Nb+Ta; 0-4.0% Mn; 0-2.0% Si and the balance Fe; 2-6% Ni; 13.5-19.5% Cr; 0-0.10% C; 1-7.0% Cu; 0.05-0.65% Nb+Ta; 0-3.0% Mn; 0-3.0% Si and the balance Fe; 3-5% Ni; 15.5-17.5% Cr; 0-0.07% C; 3-5.0% Cu; 0.15-0.45% Nb+Ta; 0-1.0% Mn; 0-1.0% Si and the balance Fe; 10-14% Ni; 16-18% Cr; 2-3% Mo; 0-0.03% C; 0-2% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; 12-14% Cr; 0.15-0.4% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; 16-18% Cr; 0-0.05% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; 3-12% aluminum, 2-8% vanadium, 0.1-0.75% iron, 0.1-0.5% oxygen, and the remainder titanium; or 6% aluminum, about 4% vanadium, about 0.25% iron, about 0.2% oxygen, and the remainder titanium. 9. The metal injection molded ammunition cartridge of claim 1, wherein the metal composition comprises brass or a brass alloy. 10. A method of making a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge comprising the steps of:
providing an ammunition cartridge mold comprising a bottom portion having a primer recess extending into the bottom portion adapted to receive a primer, a flash hole positioned in the primer recess through the bottom surface; side walls extending from the bottom portion to a nose end aperture, wherein a propellant chamber is formed between the nose end aperture and the bottom surface; injecting a metal composition into the ammunition cartridge mold to form a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge, wherein the metal composition comprises 2-16% Ni; 10-20% Cr; 0-5% Mo; 0-0.6% C; 0-6.0% Cu; 0-0.5% Nb+Ta; 0-4.0% Mn; 0-2.0% Si and the balance Fe; 2-6% Ni; 13.5-19.5% Cr; 0-0.10% C; 1-7.0% Cu; 0.05-0.65% Nb+Ta; 0-3.0% Mn; 0-3.0% Si and the balance Fe; 3-5% Ni; 15.5-17.5% Cr; 0-0.07% C; 3-5.0% Cu; 0.15-0.45% Nb+Ta; 0-1.0% Mn; 0-1.0% Si and the balance Fe; 10-14% Ni; 16-18% Cr; 2-3% Mo; 0-0.03% C; 0-2% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; 12-14% Cr; 0.15-0.4% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; 16-18% Cr; 0-0.05% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; 3-12% aluminum, 2-8% vanadium, 0.1-0.75% iron, 0.1-0.5% oxygen, and the remainder titanium; or 6% aluminum, about 4% vanadium, about 0.25% iron, about 0.2% oxygen, and the remainder titanium; and removing the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge from the ammunition cartridge mold. 11. A method of making a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge comprising the steps of:
providing an ammunition cartridge mold comprising a bottom portion having a primer recess extending into the bottom portion adapted to receive a primer, a flash hole positioned in the primer recess through the bottom surface; side walls extending from the bottom portion to a nose end aperture, wherein a propellant chamber is formed between the nose end aperture and the bottom surface; injecting a metal composition into the ammunition cartridge mold to form a metal injection molded ammunition cartridge, wherein the metal composition comprises a) 2-16% Ni; 10-20% Cr; 0-5% Mo; 0-0.6% C; 0-6.0% Cu; 0-0.5% Nb+Ta; 0-4.0% Mn; 0-2.0% Si and the balance Fe; b) 2-6% Ni; 13.5-19.5% Cr; 0-0.10% C; 1-7.0% Cu; 0.05-0.65% Nb+Ta; 0-3.0% Mn; 0-3.0% Si and the balance Fe; c) 3-5% Ni; 15.5-17.5% Cr; 0-0.07% C; 3-5.0% Cu; 0.15-0.45% Nb+Ta; 0-1.0% Mn; 0-1.0% Si and the balance Fe; d) 10-14% Ni; 16-18% Cr; 2-3% Mo; 0-0.03% C; 0-2% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; e) 12-14% Cr; 0.15-0.4% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; f) 16-18% Cr; 0-0.05% C; 0-1% Mn; 0-1% Si and the balance Fe; g) 3-12% aluminum, 2-8% vanadium, 0.1-0.75% iron, 0.1-0.5% oxygen, and the remainder titanium; or h) about 6% aluminum, about 4% vanadium, about 0.25% iron, about 0.2% oxygen, and the remainder titanium; and removing the metal injection molded ammunition cartridge from the ammunition cartridge mold. | 3,600 |
339,304 | 16,800,214 | 2,891 | A memory device includes a substrate, first, second, and third conductive layers, a stack of fourth conductive layers, a memory pillar, and an insulator. The first, second, and third conductive layer are provided above the substrate. The stack of fourth conductive layers is provided above the third conductive layer. The memory pillar extends in the thickness direction through the stack and the third conductive layer and into the second conductive layer in a first region of the memory device. The insulator extends in a thickness direction through the stack, the third conductive layer, and the second conductive layer in a second region of the memory device. The insulator also extends in a second surface direction of the substrate. A thickness of the third conductive layer in a region through which the insulator extends is greater than a thickness of the third conductive layer in the first region. | 1. A memory device comprising:
a substrate; a first conductive layer provided above the substrate in a thickness direction of the substrate; a second conductive layer directly provided on the first conductive layer; a third conductive layer directly provided on the second conductive layer; a stack of fourth conductive layers that is provided above the third conductive layer in the thickness direction; a memory pillar extending in the thickness direction through the stack of fourth conductive layers and the third conductive layer and into the second conductive layer in a first region of the memory device, the memory pillar including a semiconductor layer having a side surface in contact with the second conductive layer, and a plurality of memory cells being provided at intersections of the memory pillar and the fourth conductive layers, respectively; and an insulator extending in the thickness direction through the stack of fourth conductive layers, the third conductive layer, and the second conductive layer in a second region of the memory device that is adjacent to the first region in a first surface direction of the substrate, the insulator also extending in a second surface direction of the substrate different from the first surface direction, wherein a thickness of the third conductive layer in a region through which the insulator extends is greater than a thickness of the third conductive layer in the first region. 2. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third conductive layers collectively serve as a source line of the plurality of memory cells. 3. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein each of the fourth conductive layers serves as a word line of one of the plurality of memory cells. 4. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein an impurity concentration of the second conductive layer is higher than an impurity concentration of the first conductive layer and higher than an impurity concentration of the third conductive layer. 5. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first, second, and third conductive layer is a polysilicon layer. 6. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the insulator is formed of silicon oxide. 7. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein a distance from the substrate to the memory pillar is longer than a distance from the substrate to the insulator. 8. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the memory pillar does not extend into the first conductive layer, and the insulator extends into the first conductive layer. 9. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first insulating layer provided between a side surface of the insulator and the first, second and third conductive layers, wherein the first insulating layer includes a portion protruding into the second conductive layer in a surface direction of the substrate. 10. The memory device according to claim 9, wherein the first insulating layer is in direct contact with the side surface of the insulator. 11. The memory device according to claim 9, wherein the first insulating layer is also provided between a bottom surface of the insulator and the first conductive layer. 12. The memory device according to claim 11, wherein the first insulating layer is in direct contact with the bottom surface of the insulator. 13. The memory device according to claim 9, wherein the first insulating layer is formed of silicon oxide. 14. The memory device according to claim 9, wherein the portion of the first insulating layer is in direct contact with the second conductive layer. 15. The memory device according to claim 9, wherein the portion of the first insulating layer is in direct contact with the first conductive layer. 16. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein
the second conductive layer includes a first layer directly provided on the first conductive layer and a second layer directly provided on an upper surface and a side surface of the first layer, and the second layer is in contact with the side surface of the semiconductor layer. 17. The memory device according to claim 16, wherein the first layer is also in contact with the side surface of the semiconductor layer. 18. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive layer is in direct contact with the substrate. | A memory device includes a substrate, first, second, and third conductive layers, a stack of fourth conductive layers, a memory pillar, and an insulator. The first, second, and third conductive layer are provided above the substrate. The stack of fourth conductive layers is provided above the third conductive layer. The memory pillar extends in the thickness direction through the stack and the third conductive layer and into the second conductive layer in a first region of the memory device. The insulator extends in a thickness direction through the stack, the third conductive layer, and the second conductive layer in a second region of the memory device. The insulator also extends in a second surface direction of the substrate. A thickness of the third conductive layer in a region through which the insulator extends is greater than a thickness of the third conductive layer in the first region.1. A memory device comprising:
a substrate; a first conductive layer provided above the substrate in a thickness direction of the substrate; a second conductive layer directly provided on the first conductive layer; a third conductive layer directly provided on the second conductive layer; a stack of fourth conductive layers that is provided above the third conductive layer in the thickness direction; a memory pillar extending in the thickness direction through the stack of fourth conductive layers and the third conductive layer and into the second conductive layer in a first region of the memory device, the memory pillar including a semiconductor layer having a side surface in contact with the second conductive layer, and a plurality of memory cells being provided at intersections of the memory pillar and the fourth conductive layers, respectively; and an insulator extending in the thickness direction through the stack of fourth conductive layers, the third conductive layer, and the second conductive layer in a second region of the memory device that is adjacent to the first region in a first surface direction of the substrate, the insulator also extending in a second surface direction of the substrate different from the first surface direction, wherein a thickness of the third conductive layer in a region through which the insulator extends is greater than a thickness of the third conductive layer in the first region. 2. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third conductive layers collectively serve as a source line of the plurality of memory cells. 3. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein each of the fourth conductive layers serves as a word line of one of the plurality of memory cells. 4. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein an impurity concentration of the second conductive layer is higher than an impurity concentration of the first conductive layer and higher than an impurity concentration of the third conductive layer. 5. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first, second, and third conductive layer is a polysilicon layer. 6. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the insulator is formed of silicon oxide. 7. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein a distance from the substrate to the memory pillar is longer than a distance from the substrate to the insulator. 8. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the memory pillar does not extend into the first conductive layer, and the insulator extends into the first conductive layer. 9. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first insulating layer provided between a side surface of the insulator and the first, second and third conductive layers, wherein the first insulating layer includes a portion protruding into the second conductive layer in a surface direction of the substrate. 10. The memory device according to claim 9, wherein the first insulating layer is in direct contact with the side surface of the insulator. 11. The memory device according to claim 9, wherein the first insulating layer is also provided between a bottom surface of the insulator and the first conductive layer. 12. The memory device according to claim 11, wherein the first insulating layer is in direct contact with the bottom surface of the insulator. 13. The memory device according to claim 9, wherein the first insulating layer is formed of silicon oxide. 14. The memory device according to claim 9, wherein the portion of the first insulating layer is in direct contact with the second conductive layer. 15. The memory device according to claim 9, wherein the portion of the first insulating layer is in direct contact with the first conductive layer. 16. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein
the second conductive layer includes a first layer directly provided on the first conductive layer and a second layer directly provided on an upper surface and a side surface of the first layer, and the second layer is in contact with the side surface of the semiconductor layer. 17. The memory device according to claim 16, wherein the first layer is also in contact with the side surface of the semiconductor layer. 18. The memory device according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive layer is in direct contact with the substrate. | 2,800 |
339,305 | 16,800,141 | 2,891 | The present disclosure relates to a method for preventing fraud in a trusted network. An information related to a plurality of fraudulent transactions are received from a plurality of entities in the trusted network. Each of the plurality of entities provides a consent for sharing the information related to corresponding plurality of fraudulent transactions. Indicators of Fraudulent Transactions (IOFT) metadata are generated based on one or more patterns in the information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions. One or more IOFT data elements comprising transaction details associated with the plurality of fraudulent transactions and excluding confidential details are identified from the IOFT metadata. One or more IOFT data elements are transmitted in an encrypted format to the plurality of entities over the trusted network to prevent the fraud in the trusted network. | 1. A method for preventing fraud in a trusted network, the method comprising:
receiving, by a computing system, information related to a plurality of fraudulent transactions from each of a plurality of entities in the trusted network, wherein each of the plurality of entities provides a consent for sharing the information related to corresponding plurality of fraudulent transactions; generating, by the computing system, Indicators of Fraudulent Transactions (IOFT) metadata based on one or more patterns in the information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions; identifying, by the computing system, one or more IOFT data elements from the IOFT metadata, wherein the one or more IOFT data elements comprise transaction details associated with the plurality of fraudulent transactions and excludes confidential details; and transmitting, by the computing system, the one or more IOFT data elements in an encrypted format to the plurality of entities over the trusted network to prevent the fraud in the trusted network. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions is received from an anomaly detecting unit configured to detect the plurality of fraudulent transactions from a plurality of transactions. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the one or more patterns comprises:
analysing and grouping the information based on definitions comprising one or more of, frequency of transactions from a specific Internet Protocol (IP) within an IP range, frequency of transaction based on modes of transactions, information related to the plurality of entities, confidential data elements. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the IOFT metadata comprises at least one of an Internet Protocol (IP), Media Access Control (MAC) address, Uniform Resource Locator (URL) associated with each of the plurality of transactions, data feed elements from one or more applications used for the transaction associated with the plurality of entities and mode of transactions; wherein the transaction details comprises at least one of details related to transactions made by the plurality of entities, details related to data transactions made by the plurality of entities, a mode of transactions used by the plurality of entities; and wherein the confidential information comprises one or more of personal information of the plurality of entities. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the IOFT data elements comprises performing checks for blacklist entity information, checks for confidential details and checks for consent to transmit the information over the trusted network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the IOFT data elements in an encrypted manner comprises:
converting the IOFT data elements into a Decentralized Identity (DID) Document, wherein the DID Document comprises IOFT data elements in the encrypted format compliant with DID standards; and validating the IOFT DID document to manage the consent before transmitting over the trusted network. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of entities in the trusted network is provided access to content of the IOFT DID document using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the IOFT DID document is transmitted to the plurality of entities in the trusted network over a peer-to-peer communication channel. 9. A system for preventing fraud in a trusted network, the system comprising:
a hardware processor; and a memory, wherein the memory stores processor-executable instructions, which, on execution, cause the hardware processor to: receive information related to a plurality of fraudulent transactions from each of a plurality of entities in the trusted network, wherein each of the plurality of entities provides a consent for sharing the information related to corresponding plurality of fraudulent transactions; generate Indicators of Fraudulent Transactions (IOFT) metadata based on one or more patterns in the information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions; identify one or more IOFT data elements from the IOFT metadata, wherein the one or more IOFT data elements comprise transaction details associated with the plurality of fraudulent transactions and excludes confidential details; and transmit the one or more IOFT data elements in an encrypted format to the plurality of entities over the trusted network to prevent the fraud in the trusted network. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor receives information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions from an anomaly detecting unit configured to detect the plurality of fraudulent transactions from a plurality of transactions, wherein the processor receives the information to generate the one or more patterns by:
analysing and grouping the information based on definitions comprising one or more of, frequency of transactions from a specific Internet Protocol (IP) within an IF range, frequency of transaction based on modes of transactions, information related to the plurality of entities, confidential data elements. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor identifies the IOFT data elements by performing checks for blacklist entity information, checks for confidential details and checks for consent to transmit the information over the trusted network. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor transmits the IOFT data elements in an encrypted manner by,
converting the IOFT data elements into a Decentralized Identity (DID) Document, wherein the DID Document comprises finalized IOFT data elements in the encrypted format compliant with DID standards. validating the IOFT DID document to manage the consent before transmitting over the trusted network, wherein the IOFT DID document is transmitted to the plurality of entities in the trusted network. 13. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of entities in the trusted network is provided access to content of the IOFT DID document using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). 14. The system of claim 7 wherein the IOFT DID document is transmitted to the plurality of entities in the trusted network over a peer-to-peer communication channel. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium including instructions stored thereon that when processed by at least one processor cause a computing system to,
receive information related to a plurality of fraudulent transactions from each of a plurality of entities in the trusted network, wherein each of the plurality of entities provides a consent for sharing the information related to corresponding plurality of fraudulent transactions; generate Indicators of Fraudulent Transactions (IOFT) metadata based on one or more patterns in the information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions; identify one or more IOFT data elements from the IOFT metadata, wherein the one or more IOFT data elements comprise transaction details associated with the plurality of fraudulent transactions and excludes confidential details; and transmit the one or more IOFT data elements in an encrypted format to the plurality of entities over the trusted network to prevent the fraud in the trusted network. 16. The medium of claim 15, wherein the processor receives information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions from an anomaly detecting unit configured to detect the plurality of fraudulent transactions from a plurality of transactions, wherein the processor receives the information to generate the one or more patterns by:
analysing and grouping the information based on definitions comprising one or more of frequency of transactions from a specific Internet Protocol (IP) within an IP range, frequency of transaction based on modes of transactions, information related to the plurality of entities, confidential data elements. 17. The medium of claim 15, wherein the processor identifies the IOFT data elements by performing checks for blacklist entity information, checks for confidential details and checks for consent to transmit the information over the trusted network. 18. The medium of claim 15, wherein the processor transmits the IOFT data elements in an encrypted manner by,
converting the IOFT data elements into a Decentralized Identity (DID) Document, wherein the DID Document comprises finalized IOFT data elements in the encrypted format compliant with DID standards. validating the IOFT DID document to manage the consent before transmitting over the trusted network (100), wherein the IOFT DID document is transmitted to the plurality of entities (101 1, 101 2, . . . , 101 N) in the trusted network. 19. The medium of claim 15, wherein the plurality of entities in the trusted network is provided access to content of the IOFT DID document using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). 20. The medium of claim 15 wherein the IOFT DID document is transmitted to the plurality of entities in the trusted network over a peer-to-peer communication channel. | The present disclosure relates to a method for preventing fraud in a trusted network. An information related to a plurality of fraudulent transactions are received from a plurality of entities in the trusted network. Each of the plurality of entities provides a consent for sharing the information related to corresponding plurality of fraudulent transactions. Indicators of Fraudulent Transactions (IOFT) metadata are generated based on one or more patterns in the information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions. One or more IOFT data elements comprising transaction details associated with the plurality of fraudulent transactions and excluding confidential details are identified from the IOFT metadata. One or more IOFT data elements are transmitted in an encrypted format to the plurality of entities over the trusted network to prevent the fraud in the trusted network.1. A method for preventing fraud in a trusted network, the method comprising:
receiving, by a computing system, information related to a plurality of fraudulent transactions from each of a plurality of entities in the trusted network, wherein each of the plurality of entities provides a consent for sharing the information related to corresponding plurality of fraudulent transactions; generating, by the computing system, Indicators of Fraudulent Transactions (IOFT) metadata based on one or more patterns in the information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions; identifying, by the computing system, one or more IOFT data elements from the IOFT metadata, wherein the one or more IOFT data elements comprise transaction details associated with the plurality of fraudulent transactions and excludes confidential details; and transmitting, by the computing system, the one or more IOFT data elements in an encrypted format to the plurality of entities over the trusted network to prevent the fraud in the trusted network. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions is received from an anomaly detecting unit configured to detect the plurality of fraudulent transactions from a plurality of transactions. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the one or more patterns comprises:
analysing and grouping the information based on definitions comprising one or more of, frequency of transactions from a specific Internet Protocol (IP) within an IP range, frequency of transaction based on modes of transactions, information related to the plurality of entities, confidential data elements. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the IOFT metadata comprises at least one of an Internet Protocol (IP), Media Access Control (MAC) address, Uniform Resource Locator (URL) associated with each of the plurality of transactions, data feed elements from one or more applications used for the transaction associated with the plurality of entities and mode of transactions; wherein the transaction details comprises at least one of details related to transactions made by the plurality of entities, details related to data transactions made by the plurality of entities, a mode of transactions used by the plurality of entities; and wherein the confidential information comprises one or more of personal information of the plurality of entities. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the IOFT data elements comprises performing checks for blacklist entity information, checks for confidential details and checks for consent to transmit the information over the trusted network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the IOFT data elements in an encrypted manner comprises:
converting the IOFT data elements into a Decentralized Identity (DID) Document, wherein the DID Document comprises IOFT data elements in the encrypted format compliant with DID standards; and validating the IOFT DID document to manage the consent before transmitting over the trusted network. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of entities in the trusted network is provided access to content of the IOFT DID document using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the IOFT DID document is transmitted to the plurality of entities in the trusted network over a peer-to-peer communication channel. 9. A system for preventing fraud in a trusted network, the system comprising:
a hardware processor; and a memory, wherein the memory stores processor-executable instructions, which, on execution, cause the hardware processor to: receive information related to a plurality of fraudulent transactions from each of a plurality of entities in the trusted network, wherein each of the plurality of entities provides a consent for sharing the information related to corresponding plurality of fraudulent transactions; generate Indicators of Fraudulent Transactions (IOFT) metadata based on one or more patterns in the information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions; identify one or more IOFT data elements from the IOFT metadata, wherein the one or more IOFT data elements comprise transaction details associated with the plurality of fraudulent transactions and excludes confidential details; and transmit the one or more IOFT data elements in an encrypted format to the plurality of entities over the trusted network to prevent the fraud in the trusted network. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor receives information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions from an anomaly detecting unit configured to detect the plurality of fraudulent transactions from a plurality of transactions, wherein the processor receives the information to generate the one or more patterns by:
analysing and grouping the information based on definitions comprising one or more of, frequency of transactions from a specific Internet Protocol (IP) within an IF range, frequency of transaction based on modes of transactions, information related to the plurality of entities, confidential data elements. 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor identifies the IOFT data elements by performing checks for blacklist entity information, checks for confidential details and checks for consent to transmit the information over the trusted network. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor transmits the IOFT data elements in an encrypted manner by,
converting the IOFT data elements into a Decentralized Identity (DID) Document, wherein the DID Document comprises finalized IOFT data elements in the encrypted format compliant with DID standards. validating the IOFT DID document to manage the consent before transmitting over the trusted network, wherein the IOFT DID document is transmitted to the plurality of entities in the trusted network. 13. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of entities in the trusted network is provided access to content of the IOFT DID document using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). 14. The system of claim 7 wherein the IOFT DID document is transmitted to the plurality of entities in the trusted network over a peer-to-peer communication channel. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium including instructions stored thereon that when processed by at least one processor cause a computing system to,
receive information related to a plurality of fraudulent transactions from each of a plurality of entities in the trusted network, wherein each of the plurality of entities provides a consent for sharing the information related to corresponding plurality of fraudulent transactions; generate Indicators of Fraudulent Transactions (IOFT) metadata based on one or more patterns in the information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions; identify one or more IOFT data elements from the IOFT metadata, wherein the one or more IOFT data elements comprise transaction details associated with the plurality of fraudulent transactions and excludes confidential details; and transmit the one or more IOFT data elements in an encrypted format to the plurality of entities over the trusted network to prevent the fraud in the trusted network. 16. The medium of claim 15, wherein the processor receives information related to the plurality of fraudulent transactions from an anomaly detecting unit configured to detect the plurality of fraudulent transactions from a plurality of transactions, wherein the processor receives the information to generate the one or more patterns by:
analysing and grouping the information based on definitions comprising one or more of frequency of transactions from a specific Internet Protocol (IP) within an IP range, frequency of transaction based on modes of transactions, information related to the plurality of entities, confidential data elements. 17. The medium of claim 15, wherein the processor identifies the IOFT data elements by performing checks for blacklist entity information, checks for confidential details and checks for consent to transmit the information over the trusted network. 18. The medium of claim 15, wherein the processor transmits the IOFT data elements in an encrypted manner by,
converting the IOFT data elements into a Decentralized Identity (DID) Document, wherein the DID Document comprises finalized IOFT data elements in the encrypted format compliant with DID standards. validating the IOFT DID document to manage the consent before transmitting over the trusted network (100), wherein the IOFT DID document is transmitted to the plurality of entities (101 1, 101 2, . . . , 101 N) in the trusted network. 19. The medium of claim 15, wherein the plurality of entities in the trusted network is provided access to content of the IOFT DID document using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). 20. The medium of claim 15 wherein the IOFT DID document is transmitted to the plurality of entities in the trusted network over a peer-to-peer communication channel. | 2,800 |
339,306 | 16,800,197 | 2,891 | In one embodiment, a method includes performing, by a router, a destination address lookup of an IP packet in a Forwarding Information Base (FIB) and identifying, by the router, an equal cost multi-path (ECMP) object from the destination address lookup. The ECMP object includes a plurality of paths for forwarding the IP packet to a destination associated with a destination address. The method further includes determining, by the router, a source interface associated with the IP packet, determining, by the router, that the source interface matches an egress interface associated with a path among the plurality of paths, and communicating, by the router, the IP packet based on the path to the destination using the egress interface. | 1. A router, comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media coupled to the one or more processors and comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the router to perform operations comprising:
performing a destination address lookup of an IP packet in a Forwarding Information Base (FIB);
identifying an equal cost multi-path (ECMP) object from the destination address lookup, wherein the ECMP object comprises a plurality of paths for forwarding the IP packet to a destination associated with a destination address;
determining a source interface associated with the IP packet;
determining that the source interface matches an egress interface associated with a path among the plurality of paths; and
communicating the IP packet based on the path to the destination using the egress interface. 2. The router of claim 1, the operations further comprising detecting an identifier for the source interface within an auxiliary header for the IP packet to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet. 3. The router of claim 1, the operations further comprising performing a source address lookup of the IP packet in the FIB to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet, wherein the FIB associates a source address with the source interface. 4. The router of claim 1, the operations further comprising performing a source address lookup of the IP packet in a database to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet, wherein the database maps a source address to the source interface. 5. The router of claim 1, wherein:
the IP packet is an Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) packet or an Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) packet; the IP packet is a locally sourced IP packet having a private IP source address; and the path to the destination includes a wide area network (WAN) having a private IP address. 6. The router of claim 1, wherein the plurality of paths comprises:
a first path associated with a public IP address; and a second path associated with a private IP address. 7. The router of claim 1, wherein the source interface is:
specified by an application running on the router; or determined by performing a route lookup in a routing table. 8. A method, comprising:
performing, by a router, a destination address lookup of an IP packet in a Forwarding Information Base (FIB); identifying, by the router, an equal cost multi-path (ECMP) object from the destination address lookup, wherein the ECMP object comprises a plurality of paths for forwarding the IP packet to a destination associated with a destination address; determining, by the router, a source interface associated with the IP packet; determining, by the router, that the source interface matches an egress interface associated with a path among the plurality of paths; and communicating, by the router, the IP packet based on the path to the destination using the egress interface. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising detecting, by the router, an identifier for the source interface within an auxiliary header for the IP packet to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising performing, by the router, a source address lookup of the IP packet in the FIB to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet, wherein the FIB associates a source address with the source interface. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising performing, by the router, a source address lookup of the IP packet in a database to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet, wherein the database maps a source address to the source interface. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the IP packet is an Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) packet or an Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) packet; the IP packet is a locally sourced IP packet having a private IP source address; and the path to the destination includes a wide area network (WAN) having a private IP address. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of paths comprises:
a first path associated with a public IP address; and a second path associated with a private IP address. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the source interface is:
specified by an application running on the router; or determined by performing a route lookup in a routing table. 15. One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
performing a destination address lookup of an IP packet in a Forwarding Information Base (FIB); identifying an equal cost multi-path (ECMP) object from the destination address lookup, wherein the ECMP object comprises a plurality of paths for forwarding the IP packet to a destination associated with a destination address; determining a source interface associated with the IP packet; determining that the source interface matches an egress interface associated with a path among the plurality of paths; and communicating the IP packet based on the path to the destination using the egress interface. 16. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, the operations further comprising detecting an identifier for the source interface within an auxiliary header for the IP packet to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet. 17. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, the operations further comprising performing a source address lookup of the IP packet in the FIB to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet, wherein the FIB associates a source address with the source interface. 18. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, the operations further comprising performing a source address lookup of the IP packet in a database to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet, wherein the database maps a source address to the source interface. 19. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, wherein:
the IP packet is an Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) packet or an Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) packet; the IP packet is a locally sourced IP packet having a private IP source address; and the path to the destination includes a wide area network (WAN) having a private IP address. 20. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, wherein the plurality of paths comprises:
a first path associated with a public IP address; and a second path associated with a private IP address. | In one embodiment, a method includes performing, by a router, a destination address lookup of an IP packet in a Forwarding Information Base (FIB) and identifying, by the router, an equal cost multi-path (ECMP) object from the destination address lookup. The ECMP object includes a plurality of paths for forwarding the IP packet to a destination associated with a destination address. The method further includes determining, by the router, a source interface associated with the IP packet, determining, by the router, that the source interface matches an egress interface associated with a path among the plurality of paths, and communicating, by the router, the IP packet based on the path to the destination using the egress interface.1. A router, comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media coupled to the one or more processors and comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the router to perform operations comprising:
performing a destination address lookup of an IP packet in a Forwarding Information Base (FIB);
identifying an equal cost multi-path (ECMP) object from the destination address lookup, wherein the ECMP object comprises a plurality of paths for forwarding the IP packet to a destination associated with a destination address;
determining a source interface associated with the IP packet;
determining that the source interface matches an egress interface associated with a path among the plurality of paths; and
communicating the IP packet based on the path to the destination using the egress interface. 2. The router of claim 1, the operations further comprising detecting an identifier for the source interface within an auxiliary header for the IP packet to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet. 3. The router of claim 1, the operations further comprising performing a source address lookup of the IP packet in the FIB to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet, wherein the FIB associates a source address with the source interface. 4. The router of claim 1, the operations further comprising performing a source address lookup of the IP packet in a database to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet, wherein the database maps a source address to the source interface. 5. The router of claim 1, wherein:
the IP packet is an Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) packet or an Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) packet; the IP packet is a locally sourced IP packet having a private IP source address; and the path to the destination includes a wide area network (WAN) having a private IP address. 6. The router of claim 1, wherein the plurality of paths comprises:
a first path associated with a public IP address; and a second path associated with a private IP address. 7. The router of claim 1, wherein the source interface is:
specified by an application running on the router; or determined by performing a route lookup in a routing table. 8. A method, comprising:
performing, by a router, a destination address lookup of an IP packet in a Forwarding Information Base (FIB); identifying, by the router, an equal cost multi-path (ECMP) object from the destination address lookup, wherein the ECMP object comprises a plurality of paths for forwarding the IP packet to a destination associated with a destination address; determining, by the router, a source interface associated with the IP packet; determining, by the router, that the source interface matches an egress interface associated with a path among the plurality of paths; and communicating, by the router, the IP packet based on the path to the destination using the egress interface. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising detecting, by the router, an identifier for the source interface within an auxiliary header for the IP packet to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising performing, by the router, a source address lookup of the IP packet in the FIB to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet, wherein the FIB associates a source address with the source interface. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising performing, by the router, a source address lookup of the IP packet in a database to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet, wherein the database maps a source address to the source interface. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the IP packet is an Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) packet or an Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) packet; the IP packet is a locally sourced IP packet having a private IP source address; and the path to the destination includes a wide area network (WAN) having a private IP address. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of paths comprises:
a first path associated with a public IP address; and a second path associated with a private IP address. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the source interface is:
specified by an application running on the router; or determined by performing a route lookup in a routing table. 15. One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
performing a destination address lookup of an IP packet in a Forwarding Information Base (FIB); identifying an equal cost multi-path (ECMP) object from the destination address lookup, wherein the ECMP object comprises a plurality of paths for forwarding the IP packet to a destination associated with a destination address; determining a source interface associated with the IP packet; determining that the source interface matches an egress interface associated with a path among the plurality of paths; and communicating the IP packet based on the path to the destination using the egress interface. 16. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, the operations further comprising detecting an identifier for the source interface within an auxiliary header for the IP packet to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet. 17. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, the operations further comprising performing a source address lookup of the IP packet in the FIB to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet, wherein the FIB associates a source address with the source interface. 18. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, the operations further comprising performing a source address lookup of the IP packet in a database to determine the source interface associated with the IP packet, wherein the database maps a source address to the source interface. 19. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, wherein:
the IP packet is an Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) packet or an Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) packet; the IP packet is a locally sourced IP packet having a private IP source address; and the path to the destination includes a wide area network (WAN) having a private IP address. 20. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, wherein the plurality of paths comprises:
a first path associated with a public IP address; and a second path associated with a private IP address. | 2,800 |
339,307 | 16,800,222 | 2,891 | A control system for a variable flow filtration system that is configured for receiving an operating condition of a variable speed impeller of the variable flow filtration system; determining a threshold filter force associated with the received operating condition to determine an increased threshold filter force proportionally to increases in the received operating condition; receiving one or more real-time environmental conditions of the variable flow filtration system; modifying the determined threshold filter force based on the received one or more real-time environmental conditions; receiving a real-time filter force imparted by a filter of the variable flow filtration system on a load cell or other filtration system component, the filter force being imparted by a flow of gas or fluid driven by the variable speed impeller; comparing the received real-time filter force to the modified determined threshold filter force; and generating a filter status notification based on the comparison. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
determining a threshold based on one or more first conditions of a variable speed first component of a filtration system and one or more second conditions; receiving, from a sensor, a force imparted by a filter of the filtration system on the sensor and/or a second component of the filtration system, the force of the filter on the sensor and/or the second component being imparted by a flow of air, gas, or fluid driven by the variable speed first component; comparing the received force to the determined threshold ; and generating a notification or signal based on the comparison of the force to the determined threshold. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the one or more first conditions include one or more of a fan setting, a pump setting, an intensity setting, a fan speed, a rotational velocity, a voltage, a current, an air/fluid flow rate, or a force. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the one or more second conditions include one or more of a temperature measurement, a humidity measurement, an air or fluid density measurement, an altitude measurement, or an air or fluid pressure measurement of the filtration system. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein at least one of the one or more first conditions, the one or more second conditions, or the force, is received continuously in real-time. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein determining a threshold includes modifying an initially determined threshold based on changes in the one or more second conditions. 26. A control system for a variable flow filtration system, the control system comprising: a digital data storage device storing instructions for generating a notification or signal; and a processor configured to execute the stored instructions to perform a method comprising:
determining a threshold based on a first condition of a variable speed first component of the variable flow filtration system and one or more second conditions; receiving, from a sensor, a force imparted by a filter of the variable flow filtration system on the sensor or on a second component of the variable flow filtration system, the force of the filter being imparted by a flow of air, gas, or fluid moved by the variable speed the first component; comparing the received force to the determined threshold ; and generating the notification or signal based on the comparison of the force to the determined threshold. 27. The control system of claim 26, wherein the first condition includes one or more of a fan setting, a pump setting, an intensity setting, a fan speed, a rotational velocity, a voltage, a current, an air/fluid flow rate, or a force associated with the variable speed first component of the variable flow filtration system. 28. The control system of claim 26, wherein the one or more second conditions includes one or more of a temperature measurement, a humidity measurement, an air or fluid density measurement, an altitude measurement, or an air or fluid pressure measurement of the variable flow filtration system. 29. The control system of claim 26, wherein the sensor is mounted at surface of the filter facing upstream, facing downstream, and/or facing perpendicular to the flow of gas or fluid. 30. The control system of claim 26, wherein the sensor is configured to measure a compressive or tensile force exerted by the filter. 31. The control system of claim 26, wherein determining a threshold includes modifying an initially determined threshold based on changes in the one or more second conditions. 32. A variable flow filtration system, comprising:
a filter disposed across a flow of fluid or gas; a variable speed first component configured to move air, fluid, or gas through the filter; a sensor disposed adjacent to the filter and/or a second component of the variable flow filtration system; and a controller configured to: determine a threshold associated with one or more first conditions of the variable speed first component and one or more second conditions; receive, from the sensor, a force imparted by the filter of the variable flow filtration system on the sensor or the second component of the variable flow filtration system; compare the received force to the determined threshold ; and generate a notification or signal based on the comparison of the force to the determined threshold. 33. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the one or more first conditions includes one or more of a fan setting, a pump setting, an intensity setting, a fan speed, a rotational velocity, a voltage, a current, an air/fluid flow rate, or a force associated with the variable speed first component of the variable flow filtration system. 34. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the one or more second conditions includes one or more of a temperature measurement, a humidity measurement, an air or fluid density measurement, an altitude measurement, or an air or fluid pressure measurement of the variable flow filtration system. 35. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein determining the threshold includes modifying an initially determined threshold based on changes in the one or more second conditions. 36. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the filter is located upstream or downstream of the variable speed first component. 37. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive the one or more first conditions at a first interval; receive the one or more second conditions at a second interval; and receive the force from the sensor at a third interval, wherein the first, second, and third intervals are different from each other or the same. 38. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the sensor is configured to measure a compressive or tensile force exerted by the filter. 39. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the variable speed first component moves fluid or gas through the filter in a non-uniform path. 40. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the sensor is mounted at surface of the filter facing upstream, facing downstream, and/or perpendicular to the movement of air, gas, or fluid. | A control system for a variable flow filtration system that is configured for receiving an operating condition of a variable speed impeller of the variable flow filtration system; determining a threshold filter force associated with the received operating condition to determine an increased threshold filter force proportionally to increases in the received operating condition; receiving one or more real-time environmental conditions of the variable flow filtration system; modifying the determined threshold filter force based on the received one or more real-time environmental conditions; receiving a real-time filter force imparted by a filter of the variable flow filtration system on a load cell or other filtration system component, the filter force being imparted by a flow of gas or fluid driven by the variable speed impeller; comparing the received real-time filter force to the modified determined threshold filter force; and generating a filter status notification based on the comparison.1-20. (canceled) 21. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
determining a threshold based on one or more first conditions of a variable speed first component of a filtration system and one or more second conditions; receiving, from a sensor, a force imparted by a filter of the filtration system on the sensor and/or a second component of the filtration system, the force of the filter on the sensor and/or the second component being imparted by a flow of air, gas, or fluid driven by the variable speed first component; comparing the received force to the determined threshold ; and generating a notification or signal based on the comparison of the force to the determined threshold. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the one or more first conditions include one or more of a fan setting, a pump setting, an intensity setting, a fan speed, a rotational velocity, a voltage, a current, an air/fluid flow rate, or a force. 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the one or more second conditions include one or more of a temperature measurement, a humidity measurement, an air or fluid density measurement, an altitude measurement, or an air or fluid pressure measurement of the filtration system. 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein at least one of the one or more first conditions, the one or more second conditions, or the force, is received continuously in real-time. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein determining a threshold includes modifying an initially determined threshold based on changes in the one or more second conditions. 26. A control system for a variable flow filtration system, the control system comprising: a digital data storage device storing instructions for generating a notification or signal; and a processor configured to execute the stored instructions to perform a method comprising:
determining a threshold based on a first condition of a variable speed first component of the variable flow filtration system and one or more second conditions; receiving, from a sensor, a force imparted by a filter of the variable flow filtration system on the sensor or on a second component of the variable flow filtration system, the force of the filter being imparted by a flow of air, gas, or fluid moved by the variable speed the first component; comparing the received force to the determined threshold ; and generating the notification or signal based on the comparison of the force to the determined threshold. 27. The control system of claim 26, wherein the first condition includes one or more of a fan setting, a pump setting, an intensity setting, a fan speed, a rotational velocity, a voltage, a current, an air/fluid flow rate, or a force associated with the variable speed first component of the variable flow filtration system. 28. The control system of claim 26, wherein the one or more second conditions includes one or more of a temperature measurement, a humidity measurement, an air or fluid density measurement, an altitude measurement, or an air or fluid pressure measurement of the variable flow filtration system. 29. The control system of claim 26, wherein the sensor is mounted at surface of the filter facing upstream, facing downstream, and/or facing perpendicular to the flow of gas or fluid. 30. The control system of claim 26, wherein the sensor is configured to measure a compressive or tensile force exerted by the filter. 31. The control system of claim 26, wherein determining a threshold includes modifying an initially determined threshold based on changes in the one or more second conditions. 32. A variable flow filtration system, comprising:
a filter disposed across a flow of fluid or gas; a variable speed first component configured to move air, fluid, or gas through the filter; a sensor disposed adjacent to the filter and/or a second component of the variable flow filtration system; and a controller configured to: determine a threshold associated with one or more first conditions of the variable speed first component and one or more second conditions; receive, from the sensor, a force imparted by the filter of the variable flow filtration system on the sensor or the second component of the variable flow filtration system; compare the received force to the determined threshold ; and generate a notification or signal based on the comparison of the force to the determined threshold. 33. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the one or more first conditions includes one or more of a fan setting, a pump setting, an intensity setting, a fan speed, a rotational velocity, a voltage, a current, an air/fluid flow rate, or a force associated with the variable speed first component of the variable flow filtration system. 34. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the one or more second conditions includes one or more of a temperature measurement, a humidity measurement, an air or fluid density measurement, an altitude measurement, or an air or fluid pressure measurement of the variable flow filtration system. 35. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein determining the threshold includes modifying an initially determined threshold based on changes in the one or more second conditions. 36. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the filter is located upstream or downstream of the variable speed first component. 37. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive the one or more first conditions at a first interval; receive the one or more second conditions at a second interval; and receive the force from the sensor at a third interval, wherein the first, second, and third intervals are different from each other or the same. 38. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the sensor is configured to measure a compressive or tensile force exerted by the filter. 39. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the variable speed first component moves fluid or gas through the filter in a non-uniform path. 40. The variable flow filtration system of claim 32, wherein the sensor is mounted at surface of the filter facing upstream, facing downstream, and/or perpendicular to the movement of air, gas, or fluid. | 2,800 |
339,308 | 16,800,220 | 2,891 | A method for processing semiconductor wafer is provided. The method includes loading a semiconductor wafer on a top surface of a wafer chuck. The method also includes supplying a gaseous material between the semiconductor wafer and the top surface of the wafer chuck through a first gas inlet port and a second gas inlet port located underneath a fan-shaped sector of the top surface. The method further includes supplying a fluid medium to a fluid inlet port of the wafer chuck and guiding the fluid medium from the fluid inlet port to flow through a number of arc-shaped channels located underneath the fan-shaped sector of the top surface. In addition, the method includes supplying a plasma gas over the semiconductor wafer. | 1. A method for processing a semiconductor wafer, comprising:
loading a semiconductor wafer on a top surface of a wafer chuck; supplying a gaseous material between the semiconductor wafer and the top surface of the wafer chuck through a first gas inlet port and a second gas inlet port located underneath a fan-shaped sector of the top surface; supplying a fluid medium to a fluid inlet port of the wafer chuck and guiding the fluid medium from the fluid inlet port to flow through a plurality of arc-shaped channels located underneath the fan-shaped sector of the top surface; and supplying a plasma gas over the semiconductor wafer. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the arc-shaped channels that are symmetrical about a reference line passing between the first gas inlet port and the second gas inlet port. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the arc-shaped channels that are asymmetrical about a reference line passing between the first gas inlet port and the second gas inlet port;
wherein an included angle between the reference line and a boundary of the fan-shaped sector is greater than 30 degrees, as seen from a top view. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the arc-shaped channels that are concentrically arranged relative to a center of the wafer chuck. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the arc-shaped channels which have arc angles greater than 180 degrees relative to a center of the wafer chuck. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first of the arc-shaped channels, a second of the arc-shaped channels and a third of the arc-shaped channels are arranged in order along a direction toward a center of the wafer chuck, and the method further comprises:
guiding the fluid medium from the first of the arc-shaped channels to the second of the arc-shaped channels through a first connection channel; and guiding the fluid medium from the second of the arc-shaped channels to the third of the arc-shaped channels through a second connection channel which has a length less than a length of the first connection channel. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid medium is guided by a first of the arc-shaped channels and a second of the arc-shaped channels which are located at two sides of the first and second gas inlet ports, wherein the fluid medium flows through the first of the arc-shaped channels and the second of the arc-shaped channels in opposite circumferential directions around a center of the wafer chuck. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gaseous material supplied through the first gas inlet port is guided to an inner annular groove formed on the top surface of the wafer chuck;
wherein the gaseous material supplied through the second gas inlet port is guided to an outer annular groove formed on the top surface of the wafer chuck which surrounds the inner annular groove. 9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fluid medium is guided by one of the arc-shaped channels that is located underneath a vertical projection of the inner annular groove. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising discharging the fluid medium through a fluid outlet port, wherein the fluid inlet port and the fluid outlet port are located outside the fan-shaped sector of the wafer chuck. 11. A method for processing a semiconductor wafer, comprising:
loading a semiconductor wafer on a top surface of a wafer chuck; supplying a gaseous material between the semiconductor wafer and the top surface of the wafer chuck through a gas inlet port of the wafer chuck; supplying a fluid medium to a fluid inlet port of the wafer chuck and guiding the fluid medium from the fluid inlet port to flow through a first arc-shaped channel and a second arc-shaped channel which are located at opposite sides of the gas inlet port, the second arc-shaped channel located closer to a center of the wafer chuck than the first arc-shaped channel, wherein the fluid medium from the fluid inlet port flows through the first arc-shaped channel prior to the second arc-shaped channel; and supplying a plasma gas over the semiconductor wafer. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the first arc-shaped channel and the second arc-shaped channel that are concentrically arranged relative to the center of the wafer chuck. 13. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the first arc-shaped channel and the second arc-shaped channel which have arc angles greater than 180 degrees relative to the center of the wafer chuck. 14. The method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising:
guiding the fluid medium from the second arc-shaped channel passes through a third arc-shaped channel, wherein the first arc-shaped channel, the second arc-shaped channel and the third arc-shaped channel are arranged in order along a direction toward the center of the wafer chuck; guiding the fluid medium from the first arc-shaped channel to the second arc-shaped channel through a first connection channel; and guiding the fluid medium from the second arc-shaped channel to the third arc-shape channel through a second connection channel having a length less than a length of the first connection channel. 15. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the first arc-shaped channel and the second arc-shaped channel flowing in opposite circumferential directions around the center of the wafer chuck. 16. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the gaseous material supplied through the gas inlet port is guided to an inner annular groove formed on the top surface of the wafer chuck, and the fluid medium is guided by the first arc-shaped channel that is located underneath a vertical projection of the inner annular groove. 17. A wafer fabricating system, comprising:
a wafer chuck having a top surface, wherein a plurality of orifices are formed on the top surface; a gas inlet port formed in the wafer chuck and located underneath a fan-shaped sector of the top surface, wherein the gas inlet port is fluidly communicated with the orifices; a fluid inlet port formed in the wafer chuck; a first arc-shaped channel and a second arc-shaped channel fluidly communicated with the fluid inlet port, wherein the first arc-shaped channel and the second arc-shaped channel are located underneath the fan-shaped sector of the top surface and located at opposite sides of the gas inlet port; a gas source fluidly connected to the gas inlet port; and a fluid containing source fluidly connected to the fluid inlet port. 18. The wafer fabricating system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the arc-shape channels are concentrically arranged relative to a center of the wafer chuck. 19. The wafer fabricating system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the arc-shape channels have arc angles greater than 180 degrees relative to a center of the wafer chuck. 20. The wafer fabricating system as claimed in claim 17, further comprising:
a third arc-shaped channel, wherein the first arc-shaped channel, the second arc-shaped channel and the third arc-shaped channel are arranged in order along a direction toward a center of the wafer chuck; a first connection channel connecting the first arc-shaped channel to the second arc-shaped channel; and a second connection channel connecting the second arc-shaped channel to the third arc-shaped channel, wherein the second connection channel has a length less than a length of the first connection channel. | A method for processing semiconductor wafer is provided. The method includes loading a semiconductor wafer on a top surface of a wafer chuck. The method also includes supplying a gaseous material between the semiconductor wafer and the top surface of the wafer chuck through a first gas inlet port and a second gas inlet port located underneath a fan-shaped sector of the top surface. The method further includes supplying a fluid medium to a fluid inlet port of the wafer chuck and guiding the fluid medium from the fluid inlet port to flow through a number of arc-shaped channels located underneath the fan-shaped sector of the top surface. In addition, the method includes supplying a plasma gas over the semiconductor wafer.1. A method for processing a semiconductor wafer, comprising:
loading a semiconductor wafer on a top surface of a wafer chuck; supplying a gaseous material between the semiconductor wafer and the top surface of the wafer chuck through a first gas inlet port and a second gas inlet port located underneath a fan-shaped sector of the top surface; supplying a fluid medium to a fluid inlet port of the wafer chuck and guiding the fluid medium from the fluid inlet port to flow through a plurality of arc-shaped channels located underneath the fan-shaped sector of the top surface; and supplying a plasma gas over the semiconductor wafer. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the arc-shaped channels that are symmetrical about a reference line passing between the first gas inlet port and the second gas inlet port. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the arc-shaped channels that are asymmetrical about a reference line passing between the first gas inlet port and the second gas inlet port;
wherein an included angle between the reference line and a boundary of the fan-shaped sector is greater than 30 degrees, as seen from a top view. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the arc-shaped channels that are concentrically arranged relative to a center of the wafer chuck. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the arc-shaped channels which have arc angles greater than 180 degrees relative to a center of the wafer chuck. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first of the arc-shaped channels, a second of the arc-shaped channels and a third of the arc-shaped channels are arranged in order along a direction toward a center of the wafer chuck, and the method further comprises:
guiding the fluid medium from the first of the arc-shaped channels to the second of the arc-shaped channels through a first connection channel; and guiding the fluid medium from the second of the arc-shaped channels to the third of the arc-shaped channels through a second connection channel which has a length less than a length of the first connection channel. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid medium is guided by a first of the arc-shaped channels and a second of the arc-shaped channels which are located at two sides of the first and second gas inlet ports, wherein the fluid medium flows through the first of the arc-shaped channels and the second of the arc-shaped channels in opposite circumferential directions around a center of the wafer chuck. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gaseous material supplied through the first gas inlet port is guided to an inner annular groove formed on the top surface of the wafer chuck;
wherein the gaseous material supplied through the second gas inlet port is guided to an outer annular groove formed on the top surface of the wafer chuck which surrounds the inner annular groove. 9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fluid medium is guided by one of the arc-shaped channels that is located underneath a vertical projection of the inner annular groove. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising discharging the fluid medium through a fluid outlet port, wherein the fluid inlet port and the fluid outlet port are located outside the fan-shaped sector of the wafer chuck. 11. A method for processing a semiconductor wafer, comprising:
loading a semiconductor wafer on a top surface of a wafer chuck; supplying a gaseous material between the semiconductor wafer and the top surface of the wafer chuck through a gas inlet port of the wafer chuck; supplying a fluid medium to a fluid inlet port of the wafer chuck and guiding the fluid medium from the fluid inlet port to flow through a first arc-shaped channel and a second arc-shaped channel which are located at opposite sides of the gas inlet port, the second arc-shaped channel located closer to a center of the wafer chuck than the first arc-shaped channel, wherein the fluid medium from the fluid inlet port flows through the first arc-shaped channel prior to the second arc-shaped channel; and supplying a plasma gas over the semiconductor wafer. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the first arc-shaped channel and the second arc-shaped channel that are concentrically arranged relative to the center of the wafer chuck. 13. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the first arc-shaped channel and the second arc-shaped channel which have arc angles greater than 180 degrees relative to the center of the wafer chuck. 14. The method as claimed in claim 11, further comprising:
guiding the fluid medium from the second arc-shaped channel passes through a third arc-shaped channel, wherein the first arc-shaped channel, the second arc-shaped channel and the third arc-shaped channel are arranged in order along a direction toward the center of the wafer chuck; guiding the fluid medium from the first arc-shaped channel to the second arc-shaped channel through a first connection channel; and guiding the fluid medium from the second arc-shaped channel to the third arc-shape channel through a second connection channel having a length less than a length of the first connection channel. 15. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the fluid medium is guided by the first arc-shaped channel and the second arc-shaped channel flowing in opposite circumferential directions around the center of the wafer chuck. 16. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the gaseous material supplied through the gas inlet port is guided to an inner annular groove formed on the top surface of the wafer chuck, and the fluid medium is guided by the first arc-shaped channel that is located underneath a vertical projection of the inner annular groove. 17. A wafer fabricating system, comprising:
a wafer chuck having a top surface, wherein a plurality of orifices are formed on the top surface; a gas inlet port formed in the wafer chuck and located underneath a fan-shaped sector of the top surface, wherein the gas inlet port is fluidly communicated with the orifices; a fluid inlet port formed in the wafer chuck; a first arc-shaped channel and a second arc-shaped channel fluidly communicated with the fluid inlet port, wherein the first arc-shaped channel and the second arc-shaped channel are located underneath the fan-shaped sector of the top surface and located at opposite sides of the gas inlet port; a gas source fluidly connected to the gas inlet port; and a fluid containing source fluidly connected to the fluid inlet port. 18. The wafer fabricating system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the arc-shape channels are concentrically arranged relative to a center of the wafer chuck. 19. The wafer fabricating system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the arc-shape channels have arc angles greater than 180 degrees relative to a center of the wafer chuck. 20. The wafer fabricating system as claimed in claim 17, further comprising:
a third arc-shaped channel, wherein the first arc-shaped channel, the second arc-shaped channel and the third arc-shaped channel are arranged in order along a direction toward a center of the wafer chuck; a first connection channel connecting the first arc-shaped channel to the second arc-shaped channel; and a second connection channel connecting the second arc-shaped channel to the third arc-shaped channel, wherein the second connection channel has a length less than a length of the first connection channel. | 2,800 |
339,309 | 16,800,205 | 2,891 | Provided is a foot attachment adapter for a firearm support device having at least one leg. The adapter includes a body configured to attach to a leg of a firearm support device and a socket. A foot having has an attachment portion that is configured to be detachably received by the socket. A temporarily deformable elastomeric member is positioned at least partially in the socket to allow insertion of the foot portion and to releasably hold the attachment portion in the socket. | 1. A foot attachment adapter for a firearm support device having at least one leg, the adapter comprising:
a body configured to attach to a leg of a firearm support device and including a socket; a foot having an attachment portion configured to be detachably received by the socket; a temporarily deformable elastomeric member positioned at least partially in the socket configured to allow insertion of the foot portion and to releasably hold the attachment portion in the socket. 2. The adapter of claim 1, wherein the attachment potion of the foot includes a substantially spherical ball surface and the socket includes interior walls configured to receive the ball surface, providing a pivotal connection between the foot and the body. 3. The adapter of claim 1, wherein the attachment potion of the foot includes a substantially spherical ball surface with a protrusion thereon and the socket includes interior walls configured to receive the ball surface and a secondary socket to receive the protrusion, providing a nonpivoting connection between the foot and the body. 4. The adapter of claim 1, wherein the socket includes an annular internal channel and the elastomeric member includes a ring received in the annular internal channel. | Provided is a foot attachment adapter for a firearm support device having at least one leg. The adapter includes a body configured to attach to a leg of a firearm support device and a socket. A foot having has an attachment portion that is configured to be detachably received by the socket. A temporarily deformable elastomeric member is positioned at least partially in the socket to allow insertion of the foot portion and to releasably hold the attachment portion in the socket.1. A foot attachment adapter for a firearm support device having at least one leg, the adapter comprising:
a body configured to attach to a leg of a firearm support device and including a socket; a foot having an attachment portion configured to be detachably received by the socket; a temporarily deformable elastomeric member positioned at least partially in the socket configured to allow insertion of the foot portion and to releasably hold the attachment portion in the socket. 2. The adapter of claim 1, wherein the attachment potion of the foot includes a substantially spherical ball surface and the socket includes interior walls configured to receive the ball surface, providing a pivotal connection between the foot and the body. 3. The adapter of claim 1, wherein the attachment potion of the foot includes a substantially spherical ball surface with a protrusion thereon and the socket includes interior walls configured to receive the ball surface and a secondary socket to receive the protrusion, providing a nonpivoting connection between the foot and the body. 4. The adapter of claim 1, wherein the socket includes an annular internal channel and the elastomeric member includes a ring received in the annular internal channel. | 2,800 |
339,310 | 16,800,204 | 2,891 | A drug coating layer that prevents breakage of elongated drug crystals on a balloon surface while maintaining the drug crystals in an appropriate shape to act on the living body includes plural elongated bodies which are crystals of a water-insoluble drug each extending from the surface of the balloon at various lengths and angles, and a water-soluble additive layer provided in a space between an outer surface of an aggregate of the elongated bodies and the balloon surface to fill a space between the elongated bodies. The outer surface of the additive layer being located outside the aggregate, being uneven connecting a plurality of tip ends and side surfaces of the elongated bodies to each other. The tip ends of the elongated bodies slightly protrude from the additive layer, and the side surfaces and/or tip surfaces of the elongated body are exposed on the surface of the additive layer. | 1. A drug coating layer formed on an outer surface of a balloon, the drug coating layer formed on the outer surface of the balloon comprising:
a plurality of elongated bodies, the elongated bodies being crystals of a water-insoluble drug, the plurality of elongated bodies each possessing a longitudinal axis and extending in a direction away from the outer surface of the balloon, the plurality of elongated bodies extending away from the outer surface of the balloon at different angles, the elongated bodies each possessing a tip end and a side surface, at least some of the plurality of elongated bodies that are crystals of a water-insoluble drug possessing different lengths, the elongated bodies being positioned so that spaces exist between at least some of the elongated bodies that are adjacent one another; and a water-soluble additive layer provided between an outer surface of aggregate cluster of the plurality of elongated bodies and the outer surface of the balloon, the water-soluble additive layer filling the spaces that exist between at least some of the elongated bodies that are adjacent one another, the additive layer possessing an outer surface located outside an outer surface of at least some of the elongate bodies in the cluster of elongated bodies, the additive layer connecting the tip ends of a plurality of the elongated bodies and side surfaces of the plurality of the elongated bodies to each other, the drug coating layer possessing an undulating outer surface, and the tip ends of at least some of the elongated bodies protruding outwardly beyond the additive layer so that the tip ends and side surfaces of the at least some of the elongated bodies are exposed outwardly of the additive layer. 2. The drug coating layer according to claim 1,
wherein the additive layer comprises a first additive layer on the outer surface of the balloon, and a second additive layer covering an outside of the first additive layer and filling spaces between the elongated bodies protruding from the first additive layer. 3. The drug coating layer according to claim 2, wherein the first additive layer and the second additive layer comprise the same water-soluble low molecular weight compounds. 4. The drug coating layer according to claim 2, wherein the first additive layer and the second additive layer comprise different water-soluble low molecular weight compounds. 5. The drug coating layer according to claim 1,
wherein the water-insoluble drug comprises at least one drug selected from the group consisting of rapamycin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and everolimus. 6. The drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein the elongated bodies have a length of 5 um to 20 um. 7. The drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein all of the elongated bodies make up at least 50% of a total amount of drug crystals on the outer surface of the balloon, based on total volume of the crystals. 8. The drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein a concentration of the water-soluble drug is between 0.1 μg/mm2 and 10 μg/mm2. 9. A method for forming a drug coating layer on a balloon in which a plurality of elongated bodies are formed on a surface of the balloon, the elongated bodies being crystals of a water-insoluble drug and each crystal possessing a longitudinal axis, the method comprising:
supplying a first coating solution comprising a water-insoluble drug, a first water-soluble additive, an organic solvent, and water to the surface of the balloon and evaporating the organic solvent and the water to form a first additive layer containing the first water-soluble additive and the elongated bodies protruding from the first additive layer; and supplying a second coating solution comprising a second water-soluble additive and water to the first additive layer and the elongated bodies and evaporating the water to form a second additive layer so as to fill a space between the elongated bodies protruding from the first additive layer. 10. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 9, wherein the first water-soluble additive and the second water-soluble additive comprise the same water-soluble low molecular weight compounds. 11. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 9, wherein the first water-soluble additive and the second water-soluble additive comprise different water-soluble low molecular weight compounds. 12. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 9, wherein the water-insoluble drug comprises at least one drug selected from the group consisting of rapamycin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and everolimus. 13. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 9, wherein the elongated bodies have a length of 5 um to 20 um. 14. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 9, wherein all of the elongated bodies make up at least 50% of a total amount of drug crystals on the outer surface of the balloon, based on total volume of the crystals. 15. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 9, wherein after the supplying of the first coating solution and before the supplying of the second coating, at least one-half of a length of the elongated bodies protrudes from the first additive layer. 16. A balloon catheter comprising:
an elongated catheter main body possessing a distal portion and a proximal portion, a balloon fixed to the distal portion of the catheter main body and possessing an outer surface, a drug coating layer on the outer surface of the balloon, and a hub fixed to the proximal portion of the catheter main body; the drug coating layer on the outer surface of the balloon comprising:
a plurality of upstanding elongated bodies that are crystals of a water-insoluble drug, the plurality of upstanding elongated bodies each possessing a proximal end and a longitudinal axis, the plurality of upstanding elongated bodies extending away from the outer surface of the balloon at different angles so that the longitudinal axes of the plurality of upstanding elongated bodies intersect the outer surface of the balloon, each of the upstanding elongated bodies possessing a tip end and a side surface, at least some of the upstanding elongated bodies possessing different lengths, the upstanding elongated bodies being positioned so that spaces exist between at least some of the elongated bodies that are adjacent one another, the proximal end of some of the upstanding elongated bodies being in contact with the outer surface of the balloon and the proximal end of others of the upstanding elongated bodies being spaced from the outer surface of the balloon so that a space exists between the proximal end of the other upstanding elongated bodies and the outer surface of the balloon;
a water-soluble additive layer on the outer surface of the balloon, the water-soluble additive layer being in contact with the outer surface of the balloon and extending from the outer surface of the balloon to adjacent the tip ends of the upstanding elongated bodies, the water-soluble additive layer filling the spaces between the upstanding elongated bodies that are adjacent one another, the water-soluble additive layer also filling the spaces between the outer surface of the balloon and the proximal end of the upstanding elongated bodies that are spaced from the outer surface of the balloon, the water-soluble additive layer being in contact with and connecting the tip ends of the upstanding elongated bodies to each other, the water-soluble additive layer also being in contact with and connecting the side surfaces of the upstanding elongated bodies to each other, the outer surface of the water-soluble additive layer being an undulating outer surface; and the tip end of a first plurality of the upstanding elongated bodies and a portion of the side surface adjacent the tip end of the first plurality of upstanding elongated bodies protruding outwardly beyond the outer surface of the additive layer so that the tip ends and side surfaces of the first plurality of upstanding elongated bodies are exposed outwardly of the additive layer. 17. The balloon catheter according to claim 16, wherein the water-soluble additive layer comprises a first additive layer on the outer surface of the balloon and a second additive layer covering an outside of the first additive layer and filling spaces between the upstanding elongated bodies protruding from the first additive layer. 18. The balloon catheter according to claim 16, wherein the first plurality of the upstanding elongated bodies protrude outwardly beyond the outer surface of the additive layer by no more than 1 μm. 19. The balloon catheter according to claim 18, wherein the upstanding elongated bodies have a length of 5 um to 20 um. 20. The balloon catheter according to claim 16, wherein the water-insoluble drug is at least one drug selected from the group consisting of rapamycin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and everolimus. | A drug coating layer that prevents breakage of elongated drug crystals on a balloon surface while maintaining the drug crystals in an appropriate shape to act on the living body includes plural elongated bodies which are crystals of a water-insoluble drug each extending from the surface of the balloon at various lengths and angles, and a water-soluble additive layer provided in a space between an outer surface of an aggregate of the elongated bodies and the balloon surface to fill a space between the elongated bodies. The outer surface of the additive layer being located outside the aggregate, being uneven connecting a plurality of tip ends and side surfaces of the elongated bodies to each other. The tip ends of the elongated bodies slightly protrude from the additive layer, and the side surfaces and/or tip surfaces of the elongated body are exposed on the surface of the additive layer.1. A drug coating layer formed on an outer surface of a balloon, the drug coating layer formed on the outer surface of the balloon comprising:
a plurality of elongated bodies, the elongated bodies being crystals of a water-insoluble drug, the plurality of elongated bodies each possessing a longitudinal axis and extending in a direction away from the outer surface of the balloon, the plurality of elongated bodies extending away from the outer surface of the balloon at different angles, the elongated bodies each possessing a tip end and a side surface, at least some of the plurality of elongated bodies that are crystals of a water-insoluble drug possessing different lengths, the elongated bodies being positioned so that spaces exist between at least some of the elongated bodies that are adjacent one another; and a water-soluble additive layer provided between an outer surface of aggregate cluster of the plurality of elongated bodies and the outer surface of the balloon, the water-soluble additive layer filling the spaces that exist between at least some of the elongated bodies that are adjacent one another, the additive layer possessing an outer surface located outside an outer surface of at least some of the elongate bodies in the cluster of elongated bodies, the additive layer connecting the tip ends of a plurality of the elongated bodies and side surfaces of the plurality of the elongated bodies to each other, the drug coating layer possessing an undulating outer surface, and the tip ends of at least some of the elongated bodies protruding outwardly beyond the additive layer so that the tip ends and side surfaces of the at least some of the elongated bodies are exposed outwardly of the additive layer. 2. The drug coating layer according to claim 1,
wherein the additive layer comprises a first additive layer on the outer surface of the balloon, and a second additive layer covering an outside of the first additive layer and filling spaces between the elongated bodies protruding from the first additive layer. 3. The drug coating layer according to claim 2, wherein the first additive layer and the second additive layer comprise the same water-soluble low molecular weight compounds. 4. The drug coating layer according to claim 2, wherein the first additive layer and the second additive layer comprise different water-soluble low molecular weight compounds. 5. The drug coating layer according to claim 1,
wherein the water-insoluble drug comprises at least one drug selected from the group consisting of rapamycin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and everolimus. 6. The drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein the elongated bodies have a length of 5 um to 20 um. 7. The drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein all of the elongated bodies make up at least 50% of a total amount of drug crystals on the outer surface of the balloon, based on total volume of the crystals. 8. The drug coating layer according to claim 1, wherein a concentration of the water-soluble drug is between 0.1 μg/mm2 and 10 μg/mm2. 9. A method for forming a drug coating layer on a balloon in which a plurality of elongated bodies are formed on a surface of the balloon, the elongated bodies being crystals of a water-insoluble drug and each crystal possessing a longitudinal axis, the method comprising:
supplying a first coating solution comprising a water-insoluble drug, a first water-soluble additive, an organic solvent, and water to the surface of the balloon and evaporating the organic solvent and the water to form a first additive layer containing the first water-soluble additive and the elongated bodies protruding from the first additive layer; and supplying a second coating solution comprising a second water-soluble additive and water to the first additive layer and the elongated bodies and evaporating the water to form a second additive layer so as to fill a space between the elongated bodies protruding from the first additive layer. 10. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 9, wherein the first water-soluble additive and the second water-soluble additive comprise the same water-soluble low molecular weight compounds. 11. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 9, wherein the first water-soluble additive and the second water-soluble additive comprise different water-soluble low molecular weight compounds. 12. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 9, wherein the water-insoluble drug comprises at least one drug selected from the group consisting of rapamycin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and everolimus. 13. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 9, wherein the elongated bodies have a length of 5 um to 20 um. 14. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 9, wherein all of the elongated bodies make up at least 50% of a total amount of drug crystals on the outer surface of the balloon, based on total volume of the crystals. 15. The method for forming a drug coating layer according to claim 9, wherein after the supplying of the first coating solution and before the supplying of the second coating, at least one-half of a length of the elongated bodies protrudes from the first additive layer. 16. A balloon catheter comprising:
an elongated catheter main body possessing a distal portion and a proximal portion, a balloon fixed to the distal portion of the catheter main body and possessing an outer surface, a drug coating layer on the outer surface of the balloon, and a hub fixed to the proximal portion of the catheter main body; the drug coating layer on the outer surface of the balloon comprising:
a plurality of upstanding elongated bodies that are crystals of a water-insoluble drug, the plurality of upstanding elongated bodies each possessing a proximal end and a longitudinal axis, the plurality of upstanding elongated bodies extending away from the outer surface of the balloon at different angles so that the longitudinal axes of the plurality of upstanding elongated bodies intersect the outer surface of the balloon, each of the upstanding elongated bodies possessing a tip end and a side surface, at least some of the upstanding elongated bodies possessing different lengths, the upstanding elongated bodies being positioned so that spaces exist between at least some of the elongated bodies that are adjacent one another, the proximal end of some of the upstanding elongated bodies being in contact with the outer surface of the balloon and the proximal end of others of the upstanding elongated bodies being spaced from the outer surface of the balloon so that a space exists between the proximal end of the other upstanding elongated bodies and the outer surface of the balloon;
a water-soluble additive layer on the outer surface of the balloon, the water-soluble additive layer being in contact with the outer surface of the balloon and extending from the outer surface of the balloon to adjacent the tip ends of the upstanding elongated bodies, the water-soluble additive layer filling the spaces between the upstanding elongated bodies that are adjacent one another, the water-soluble additive layer also filling the spaces between the outer surface of the balloon and the proximal end of the upstanding elongated bodies that are spaced from the outer surface of the balloon, the water-soluble additive layer being in contact with and connecting the tip ends of the upstanding elongated bodies to each other, the water-soluble additive layer also being in contact with and connecting the side surfaces of the upstanding elongated bodies to each other, the outer surface of the water-soluble additive layer being an undulating outer surface; and the tip end of a first plurality of the upstanding elongated bodies and a portion of the side surface adjacent the tip end of the first plurality of upstanding elongated bodies protruding outwardly beyond the outer surface of the additive layer so that the tip ends and side surfaces of the first plurality of upstanding elongated bodies are exposed outwardly of the additive layer. 17. The balloon catheter according to claim 16, wherein the water-soluble additive layer comprises a first additive layer on the outer surface of the balloon and a second additive layer covering an outside of the first additive layer and filling spaces between the upstanding elongated bodies protruding from the first additive layer. 18. The balloon catheter according to claim 16, wherein the first plurality of the upstanding elongated bodies protrude outwardly beyond the outer surface of the additive layer by no more than 1 μm. 19. The balloon catheter according to claim 18, wherein the upstanding elongated bodies have a length of 5 um to 20 um. 20. The balloon catheter according to claim 16, wherein the water-insoluble drug is at least one drug selected from the group consisting of rapamycin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and everolimus. | 2,800 |
339,311 | 16,800,181 | 2,891 | A virtualization system implemented within a cloud server enables the simulation of robot structure and behavior in a virtual environment. The simulated robots are controlled by clients remote from the cloud server, enabling human operators or autonomous robot control programs running on the clients to control the movement and behavior of the simulated robots within the virtual environment. Data describing interactions between robots, the virtual environment, and objects can be recorded for use in future robot design. The virtualization system can include robot templates, enabling users to quickly select and customize a robot to be simulated, and further enabling users to update and re-customize the robot in real-time during the simulation. The virtualization system can re-simulate a portion of the robot simulation when an intervention by a human operator is detected, positioning robots, people, and objects within the virtual environment based on the detected intervention. | 1. A method of simulating robot behavior, comprising:
initializing, by a cloud server, a robot simulation session in response to a request from a user by:
instantiating, by the cloud server, a virtual environment within the robot simulation session;
instantiating, by the cloud server, a set of robots within the virtual environment, each robot comprising a corresponding set of virtual sensors;
establishing, by the cloud server, a communicative connection with one or more clients running on client devices remote from the cloud server; for each of the set of robots, providing, by the cloud server, control of the robot to one of the one or more clients, wherein data representative of the virtual environment available to the client comprises data perceived by the set of virtual sensors corresponding to the robot; beginning, by the cloud server, the robot simulation session, wherein inputs for the set of robots are provided to the cloud server by the one or more clients, and wherein the cloud server, in response to receiving inputs for the set of robots, is configured to simulate behavior of the set of robots within the virtual environment based on the received inputs; and capturing, by the cloud server during the robot simulation session, data representative of movement of the robots, interactions between robots, and interactions between robots and the virtual environment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein instantiating the virtual environment comprises generating a simulated physical representation within the virtual environment of one or more of: one or more types of ground, one or more bodies of water, buildings, vehicles, people, plants, roads, physical objects, weather conditions, temperature conditions, and atmospheric conditions. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual environment is instantiated based on one or more virtual environment properties specified by the request to initialize the robot simulation session. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein instantiating the set of robots comprises, for each robot, generating a simulated physical representation within the virtual environment of the robot. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each robot comprises a vehicle configured to be autonomously operated or manually operated by a human operator. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein each robot comprises one or more of: an automobile, a truck, a tractor, a construction vehicle, a motorcycle, a scooter, a drone, a boat, a submersible vehicle, a robotic vehicle, or a robot. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of virtual sensors corresponding to each robot comprise one or more of: one or more cameras or camera arrays, a LIDAR, a GPS receiver, a depth sensor, an IMU, a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a motion detector, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a weight sensor, and a microphone. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein data representative of the virtual environment available to the client is limited to data perceived by the set of virtual sensors corresponding to the robot. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein instantiating the virtual environment and the set of robots comprises generating a 3-dimensional graphical representation of the virtual environment and the virtual robots using a graphical processing unit and physics engine. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the inputs provided by a client for a corresponding robot comprise configuration inputs, and wherein the cloud server is configured to configure a state of the robot within the virtual environment based on the configuration inputs. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the inputs provided by a client for a corresponding robot comprise movement inputs, and wherein the cloud server is configured to move the robot within the virtual environment based on the movement inputs. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the movement inputs specify one or more of: a direction for the robot, a speed for the robot, an acceleration for the robot, and an orientation for the robot. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the inputs provided by a client for a corresponding robot comprise operation inputs, and wherein the cloud server is configured to cause the robot to perform an operation based on the operation inputs. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the operation inputs specify one or more of: a movement of an attachment of the robot, an interaction between the robot and the virtual environment, an interaction between the robot and one or more other robots, and a robot configuration instruction. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the inputs provided by a client for a corresponding robot comprise virtual sensor inputs, and wherein the cloud server is configured to configure one or more virtual sensors of the robot based on the virtual sensor inputs. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein simulating behavior of the set of robots within the virtual environment comprises receiving information describing behavior of each robot from a client corresponding to the robot and synchronizing the behavior of the set of robots based on the received information. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the simulated behavior for each robot within the virtual environment is based only on the received inputs. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the received inputs associated with a robot are received from one or both of human operators of a client associated with the robot and an autonomous robot control programs running on the client associated with the robot. 19. A cloud server for simulating robot behavior, the cloud server comprising at least one processor configured to execute instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that, when executed, cause the cloud server to perform steps comprising:
initializing a robot simulation session in response to a request from a user by:
instantiating a virtual environment within the robot simulation session;
instantiating a set of robots within the virtual environment, each robot comprising a corresponding set of virtual sensors;
establishing, a communicative connection with one or more clients running on client devices remote from the cloud server; for each of the set of robots, providing control of the robot to one of the one or more clients, wherein data representative of the virtual environment available to the client comprises data perceived by the set of virtual sensors corresponding to the robot; beginning the robot simulation session, wherein inputs for the set of robots are provided to the cloud server by the one or more clients, and wherein the cloud server, in response to receiving inputs for the set of robots, is configured to simulate behavior of the set of robots within the virtual environment based on the received inputs; and capturing, during the robot simulation session, data representative of movement of the robots, interactions between robots, and interactions between robots and the virtual environment. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause steps to be performed comprising:
initializing, by a cloud server, a robot simulation session in response to a request from a user by:
instantiating, by the cloud server, a virtual environment within the robot simulation session;
instantiating, by the cloud server, a set of robots within the virtual environment, each robot comprising a corresponding set of virtual sensors;
establishing, by the cloud server, a communicative connection with one or more clients running on client devices remote from the cloud server; for each of the set of robots, providing, by the cloud server, control of the robot to one of the one or more clients, wherein data representative of the virtual environment available to the client comprises data perceived by the set of virtual sensors corresponding to the robot; beginning, by the cloud server, the robot simulation session, wherein inputs for the set of robots are provided to the cloud server by the one or more clients, and wherein the cloud server, in response to receiving inputs for the set of robots, is configured to simulate behavior of the set of robots within the virtual environment based on the received inputs; and capturing, by the cloud server during the robot simulation session, data representative of movement of the robots, interactions between robots, and interactions between robots and the virtual environment. | A virtualization system implemented within a cloud server enables the simulation of robot structure and behavior in a virtual environment. The simulated robots are controlled by clients remote from the cloud server, enabling human operators or autonomous robot control programs running on the clients to control the movement and behavior of the simulated robots within the virtual environment. Data describing interactions between robots, the virtual environment, and objects can be recorded for use in future robot design. The virtualization system can include robot templates, enabling users to quickly select and customize a robot to be simulated, and further enabling users to update and re-customize the robot in real-time during the simulation. The virtualization system can re-simulate a portion of the robot simulation when an intervention by a human operator is detected, positioning robots, people, and objects within the virtual environment based on the detected intervention.1. A method of simulating robot behavior, comprising:
initializing, by a cloud server, a robot simulation session in response to a request from a user by:
instantiating, by the cloud server, a virtual environment within the robot simulation session;
instantiating, by the cloud server, a set of robots within the virtual environment, each robot comprising a corresponding set of virtual sensors;
establishing, by the cloud server, a communicative connection with one or more clients running on client devices remote from the cloud server; for each of the set of robots, providing, by the cloud server, control of the robot to one of the one or more clients, wherein data representative of the virtual environment available to the client comprises data perceived by the set of virtual sensors corresponding to the robot; beginning, by the cloud server, the robot simulation session, wherein inputs for the set of robots are provided to the cloud server by the one or more clients, and wherein the cloud server, in response to receiving inputs for the set of robots, is configured to simulate behavior of the set of robots within the virtual environment based on the received inputs; and capturing, by the cloud server during the robot simulation session, data representative of movement of the robots, interactions between robots, and interactions between robots and the virtual environment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein instantiating the virtual environment comprises generating a simulated physical representation within the virtual environment of one or more of: one or more types of ground, one or more bodies of water, buildings, vehicles, people, plants, roads, physical objects, weather conditions, temperature conditions, and atmospheric conditions. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual environment is instantiated based on one or more virtual environment properties specified by the request to initialize the robot simulation session. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein instantiating the set of robots comprises, for each robot, generating a simulated physical representation within the virtual environment of the robot. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each robot comprises a vehicle configured to be autonomously operated or manually operated by a human operator. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein each robot comprises one or more of: an automobile, a truck, a tractor, a construction vehicle, a motorcycle, a scooter, a drone, a boat, a submersible vehicle, a robotic vehicle, or a robot. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of virtual sensors corresponding to each robot comprise one or more of: one or more cameras or camera arrays, a LIDAR, a GPS receiver, a depth sensor, an IMU, a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a motion detector, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a weight sensor, and a microphone. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein data representative of the virtual environment available to the client is limited to data perceived by the set of virtual sensors corresponding to the robot. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein instantiating the virtual environment and the set of robots comprises generating a 3-dimensional graphical representation of the virtual environment and the virtual robots using a graphical processing unit and physics engine. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the inputs provided by a client for a corresponding robot comprise configuration inputs, and wherein the cloud server is configured to configure a state of the robot within the virtual environment based on the configuration inputs. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the inputs provided by a client for a corresponding robot comprise movement inputs, and wherein the cloud server is configured to move the robot within the virtual environment based on the movement inputs. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the movement inputs specify one or more of: a direction for the robot, a speed for the robot, an acceleration for the robot, and an orientation for the robot. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the inputs provided by a client for a corresponding robot comprise operation inputs, and wherein the cloud server is configured to cause the robot to perform an operation based on the operation inputs. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the operation inputs specify one or more of: a movement of an attachment of the robot, an interaction between the robot and the virtual environment, an interaction between the robot and one or more other robots, and a robot configuration instruction. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the inputs provided by a client for a corresponding robot comprise virtual sensor inputs, and wherein the cloud server is configured to configure one or more virtual sensors of the robot based on the virtual sensor inputs. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein simulating behavior of the set of robots within the virtual environment comprises receiving information describing behavior of each robot from a client corresponding to the robot and synchronizing the behavior of the set of robots based on the received information. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the simulated behavior for each robot within the virtual environment is based only on the received inputs. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the received inputs associated with a robot are received from one or both of human operators of a client associated with the robot and an autonomous robot control programs running on the client associated with the robot. 19. A cloud server for simulating robot behavior, the cloud server comprising at least one processor configured to execute instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that, when executed, cause the cloud server to perform steps comprising:
initializing a robot simulation session in response to a request from a user by:
instantiating a virtual environment within the robot simulation session;
instantiating a set of robots within the virtual environment, each robot comprising a corresponding set of virtual sensors;
establishing, a communicative connection with one or more clients running on client devices remote from the cloud server; for each of the set of robots, providing control of the robot to one of the one or more clients, wherein data representative of the virtual environment available to the client comprises data perceived by the set of virtual sensors corresponding to the robot; beginning the robot simulation session, wherein inputs for the set of robots are provided to the cloud server by the one or more clients, and wherein the cloud server, in response to receiving inputs for the set of robots, is configured to simulate behavior of the set of robots within the virtual environment based on the received inputs; and capturing, during the robot simulation session, data representative of movement of the robots, interactions between robots, and interactions between robots and the virtual environment. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause steps to be performed comprising:
initializing, by a cloud server, a robot simulation session in response to a request from a user by:
instantiating, by the cloud server, a virtual environment within the robot simulation session;
instantiating, by the cloud server, a set of robots within the virtual environment, each robot comprising a corresponding set of virtual sensors;
establishing, by the cloud server, a communicative connection with one or more clients running on client devices remote from the cloud server; for each of the set of robots, providing, by the cloud server, control of the robot to one of the one or more clients, wherein data representative of the virtual environment available to the client comprises data perceived by the set of virtual sensors corresponding to the robot; beginning, by the cloud server, the robot simulation session, wherein inputs for the set of robots are provided to the cloud server by the one or more clients, and wherein the cloud server, in response to receiving inputs for the set of robots, is configured to simulate behavior of the set of robots within the virtual environment based on the received inputs; and capturing, by the cloud server during the robot simulation session, data representative of movement of the robots, interactions between robots, and interactions between robots and the virtual environment. | 2,800 |
339,312 | 16,800,219 | 2,891 | A method used in forming integrated circuitry comprises forming conductive line structures having conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along immediately-adjacent of the conductive line structures. First insulating material is formed laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias, Second insulating material is formed directly above the first insulating material and directly above the conductive vias. The second insulating material comprises silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. A third material is formed directly above the second insulating material. The third material and the second insulating material comprise different compositions relative one another. The third material is removed from being directly above the second insulating material and the thickness of the second insulating material is reduced thereafter. A fourth insulating material is formed directly above the second insulating material of reduced thickness. A plurality of electronic components is formed above the fourth insulating material and that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the fourth and second insulating materials. Other embodiments, including structure, are disclosed. | 1. A method used in forming integrated circuitry, comprising:
forming conductive line structures having conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along immediately-adjacent of the conductive line structures; forming first insulating material laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; forming second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; forming a third material directly above the second insulating material, the third material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; removing the third material from being directly above the second insulating material and reducing thickness of the second insulating material thereafter; forming a fourth insulating material directly above the second insulating material of reduced thickness; and forming a plurality of electronic components above the fourth insulating material that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the fourth and second insulating materials. 2. The method of claim 1 comprising annealing the second insulating material before removing the third material to cause hydrogen in the second insulating material to move downwardly into the conductive vias, the third material restricting upward movement of hydrogen from the second insulating material during said annealing. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the annealing causes the hydrogen to move through the conductive vias to below the conductive vias. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material comprises oxygen. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second insulating materials are of different compositions relative one another. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the first insulating material comprises silicon nitride. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein the first insulating material comprises an insulative oxide. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second insulating materials are of the same composition relative one another. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material consists of or consists essentially of silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material is silicon carbonitride containing hydrogen. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and fourth insulating materials are the same composition relative one another. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the first insulative material and the third material are the same composition relative one another. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein the third material is insulating material. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the first, third, and fourth insulating materials are the same composition relative one another. 15. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and fourth insulating materials are different compositions relative one another. 16. The method of claim 1 wherein the fourth insulating material is silicon nitride. 17. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and fourth insulating materials are silicon nitride and the second insulating material is silicon carbonitride containing hydrogen. 18. The method of claim 1 wherein the fourth insulating material is thinner than the second insulating material in a finished construction. 19. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material is directly against top surfaces of the conductive vias. 20. The method of claim 1 wherein the first insulating material and the conductive vias have top surfaces that are individually planar and are collectively co-planar. 21. A method used in forming memory circuitry, comprising:
forming transistors individually comprising:
a pair of source/drain regions;
a channel region between the pair of source/drain regions; and
a conductive gate operatively proximate the channel region;
forming digitline structures that are individually directly electrically coupled to one of the source/drain regions of multiple of the transistors; forming conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along the digitline structures, individual of the conductive vias being directly electrically coupled to one of the other source/drain regions of the multiple transistors, the conductive vias comprising uppermost conductive material of a redistribution layer, the uppermost conductive material being above the digitline structures; forming first insulating material laterally between the uppermost conductive material of immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; forming second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the uppermost conductive material of the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; forming a third material directly above the second insulating material, the third material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; annealing the second insulating material to cause hydrogen therein to move downwardly through the conductive vias and into the other source/drain regions of the multiple transistors, the third material restricting upward movement of hydrogen from the second insulating material during said annealing; and after the annealing, forming a plurality of storage elements that are individually directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the second insulating material. 22. The method of claim 21 comprising:
after the annealing, removing the third material from being directly above the second insulating material and reducing thickness of the second insulating material thereafter;
forming a fourth insulating material directly above the second insulating material of reduced thickness; and
forming the plurality of storage elements to be individually directly electrically coupled to the individual conductive vias through the fourth and second insulating materials. 23. Integrated circuitry comprising:
conductive line structures having conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along immediately-adjacent of the conductive line structures, the conductive vias comprising uppermost conductive material that is above the conductive line structures; first insulating material laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the uppermost conductive material of the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; insulative material directly above the second insulating material, the insulative material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; and a plurality of electronic components above the insulative material that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the insulative material and the second insulating material. 24-35. (canceled) 36. DRAM circuitry, comprising:
a substrate comprising transistors individually comprising:
a pair of source/drain regions;
a channel region between the pair of source/drain regions; and
a conductive gate operatively proximate the channel region;
digitline structures that are individually directly electrically coupled to one of the pair of source/drain regions of multiple of the transistors; conductive vias that are individually directly electrically coupled to one of the other source/drain regions of the multiple transistors; first insulating material laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the uppermost conductive material of the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; insulative material directly above the second insulating material, the insulative material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; a plurality of electronic components above the insulative material that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the insulative material and the second insulating material; and uppermost portions of the other source/drain regions comprising hydrogen. | A method used in forming integrated circuitry comprises forming conductive line structures having conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along immediately-adjacent of the conductive line structures. First insulating material is formed laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias, Second insulating material is formed directly above the first insulating material and directly above the conductive vias. The second insulating material comprises silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. A third material is formed directly above the second insulating material. The third material and the second insulating material comprise different compositions relative one another. The third material is removed from being directly above the second insulating material and the thickness of the second insulating material is reduced thereafter. A fourth insulating material is formed directly above the second insulating material of reduced thickness. A plurality of electronic components is formed above the fourth insulating material and that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the fourth and second insulating materials. Other embodiments, including structure, are disclosed.1. A method used in forming integrated circuitry, comprising:
forming conductive line structures having conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along immediately-adjacent of the conductive line structures; forming first insulating material laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; forming second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; forming a third material directly above the second insulating material, the third material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; removing the third material from being directly above the second insulating material and reducing thickness of the second insulating material thereafter; forming a fourth insulating material directly above the second insulating material of reduced thickness; and forming a plurality of electronic components above the fourth insulating material that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the fourth and second insulating materials. 2. The method of claim 1 comprising annealing the second insulating material before removing the third material to cause hydrogen in the second insulating material to move downwardly into the conductive vias, the third material restricting upward movement of hydrogen from the second insulating material during said annealing. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the annealing causes the hydrogen to move through the conductive vias to below the conductive vias. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material comprises oxygen. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second insulating materials are of different compositions relative one another. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the first insulating material comprises silicon nitride. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein the first insulating material comprises an insulative oxide. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second insulating materials are of the same composition relative one another. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material consists of or consists essentially of silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material is silicon carbonitride containing hydrogen. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and fourth insulating materials are the same composition relative one another. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the first insulative material and the third material are the same composition relative one another. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein the third material is insulating material. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the first, third, and fourth insulating materials are the same composition relative one another. 15. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and fourth insulating materials are different compositions relative one another. 16. The method of claim 1 wherein the fourth insulating material is silicon nitride. 17. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and fourth insulating materials are silicon nitride and the second insulating material is silicon carbonitride containing hydrogen. 18. The method of claim 1 wherein the fourth insulating material is thinner than the second insulating material in a finished construction. 19. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material is directly against top surfaces of the conductive vias. 20. The method of claim 1 wherein the first insulating material and the conductive vias have top surfaces that are individually planar and are collectively co-planar. 21. A method used in forming memory circuitry, comprising:
forming transistors individually comprising:
a pair of source/drain regions;
a channel region between the pair of source/drain regions; and
a conductive gate operatively proximate the channel region;
forming digitline structures that are individually directly electrically coupled to one of the source/drain regions of multiple of the transistors; forming conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along the digitline structures, individual of the conductive vias being directly electrically coupled to one of the other source/drain regions of the multiple transistors, the conductive vias comprising uppermost conductive material of a redistribution layer, the uppermost conductive material being above the digitline structures; forming first insulating material laterally between the uppermost conductive material of immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; forming second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the uppermost conductive material of the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; forming a third material directly above the second insulating material, the third material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; annealing the second insulating material to cause hydrogen therein to move downwardly through the conductive vias and into the other source/drain regions of the multiple transistors, the third material restricting upward movement of hydrogen from the second insulating material during said annealing; and after the annealing, forming a plurality of storage elements that are individually directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the second insulating material. 22. The method of claim 21 comprising:
after the annealing, removing the third material from being directly above the second insulating material and reducing thickness of the second insulating material thereafter;
forming a fourth insulating material directly above the second insulating material of reduced thickness; and
forming the plurality of storage elements to be individually directly electrically coupled to the individual conductive vias through the fourth and second insulating materials. 23. Integrated circuitry comprising:
conductive line structures having conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along immediately-adjacent of the conductive line structures, the conductive vias comprising uppermost conductive material that is above the conductive line structures; first insulating material laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the uppermost conductive material of the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; insulative material directly above the second insulating material, the insulative material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; and a plurality of electronic components above the insulative material that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the insulative material and the second insulating material. 24-35. (canceled) 36. DRAM circuitry, comprising:
a substrate comprising transistors individually comprising:
a pair of source/drain regions;
a channel region between the pair of source/drain regions; and
a conductive gate operatively proximate the channel region;
digitline structures that are individually directly electrically coupled to one of the pair of source/drain regions of multiple of the transistors; conductive vias that are individually directly electrically coupled to one of the other source/drain regions of the multiple transistors; first insulating material laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the uppermost conductive material of the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; insulative material directly above the second insulating material, the insulative material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; a plurality of electronic components above the insulative material that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the insulative material and the second insulating material; and uppermost portions of the other source/drain regions comprising hydrogen. | 2,800 |
339,313 | 16,800,215 | 2,891 | A method used in forming integrated circuitry comprises forming conductive line structures having conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along immediately-adjacent of the conductive line structures. First insulating material is formed laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias, Second insulating material is formed directly above the first insulating material and directly above the conductive vias. The second insulating material comprises silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. A third material is formed directly above the second insulating material. The third material and the second insulating material comprise different compositions relative one another. The third material is removed from being directly above the second insulating material and the thickness of the second insulating material is reduced thereafter. A fourth insulating material is formed directly above the second insulating material of reduced thickness. A plurality of electronic components is formed above the fourth insulating material and that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the fourth and second insulating materials. Other embodiments, including structure, are disclosed. | 1. A method used in forming integrated circuitry, comprising:
forming conductive line structures having conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along immediately-adjacent of the conductive line structures; forming first insulating material laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; forming second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; forming a third material directly above the second insulating material, the third material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; removing the third material from being directly above the second insulating material and reducing thickness of the second insulating material thereafter; forming a fourth insulating material directly above the second insulating material of reduced thickness; and forming a plurality of electronic components above the fourth insulating material that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the fourth and second insulating materials. 2. The method of claim 1 comprising annealing the second insulating material before removing the third material to cause hydrogen in the second insulating material to move downwardly into the conductive vias, the third material restricting upward movement of hydrogen from the second insulating material during said annealing. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the annealing causes the hydrogen to move through the conductive vias to below the conductive vias. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material comprises oxygen. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second insulating materials are of different compositions relative one another. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the first insulating material comprises silicon nitride. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein the first insulating material comprises an insulative oxide. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second insulating materials are of the same composition relative one another. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material consists of or consists essentially of silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material is silicon carbonitride containing hydrogen. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and fourth insulating materials are the same composition relative one another. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the first insulative material and the third material are the same composition relative one another. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein the third material is insulating material. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the first, third, and fourth insulating materials are the same composition relative one another. 15. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and fourth insulating materials are different compositions relative one another. 16. The method of claim 1 wherein the fourth insulating material is silicon nitride. 17. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and fourth insulating materials are silicon nitride and the second insulating material is silicon carbonitride containing hydrogen. 18. The method of claim 1 wherein the fourth insulating material is thinner than the second insulating material in a finished construction. 19. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material is directly against top surfaces of the conductive vias. 20. The method of claim 1 wherein the first insulating material and the conductive vias have top surfaces that are individually planar and are collectively co-planar. 21. A method used in forming memory circuitry, comprising:
forming transistors individually comprising:
a pair of source/drain regions;
a channel region between the pair of source/drain regions; and
a conductive gate operatively proximate the channel region;
forming digitline structures that are individually directly electrically coupled to one of the source/drain regions of multiple of the transistors; forming conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along the digitline structures, individual of the conductive vias being directly electrically coupled to one of the other source/drain regions of the multiple transistors, the conductive vias comprising uppermost conductive material of a redistribution layer, the uppermost conductive material being above the digitline structures; forming first insulating material laterally between the uppermost conductive material of immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; forming second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the uppermost conductive material of the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; forming a third material directly above the second insulating material, the third material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; annealing the second insulating material to cause hydrogen therein to move downwardly through the conductive vias and into the other source/drain regions of the multiple transistors, the third material restricting upward movement of hydrogen from the second insulating material during said annealing; and after the annealing, forming a plurality of storage elements that are individually directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the second insulating material. 22. The method of claim 21 comprising:
after the annealing, removing the third material from being directly above the second insulating material and reducing thickness of the second insulating material thereafter;
forming a fourth insulating material directly above the second insulating material of reduced thickness; and
forming the plurality of storage elements to be individually directly electrically coupled to the individual conductive vias through the fourth and second insulating materials. 23. Integrated circuitry comprising:
conductive line structures having conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along immediately-adjacent of the conductive line structures, the conductive vias comprising uppermost conductive material that is above the conductive line structures; first insulating material laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the uppermost conductive material of the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; insulative material directly above the second insulating material, the insulative material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; and a plurality of electronic components above the insulative material that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the insulative material and the second insulating material. 24-35. (canceled) 36. DRAM circuitry, comprising:
a substrate comprising transistors individually comprising:
a pair of source/drain regions;
a channel region between the pair of source/drain regions; and
a conductive gate operatively proximate the channel region;
digitline structures that are individually directly electrically coupled to one of the pair of source/drain regions of multiple of the transistors; conductive vias that are individually directly electrically coupled to one of the other source/drain regions of the multiple transistors; first insulating material laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the uppermost conductive material of the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; insulative material directly above the second insulating material, the insulative material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; a plurality of electronic components above the insulative material that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the insulative material and the second insulating material; and uppermost portions of the other source/drain regions comprising hydrogen. | A method used in forming integrated circuitry comprises forming conductive line structures having conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along immediately-adjacent of the conductive line structures. First insulating material is formed laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias, Second insulating material is formed directly above the first insulating material and directly above the conductive vias. The second insulating material comprises silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. A third material is formed directly above the second insulating material. The third material and the second insulating material comprise different compositions relative one another. The third material is removed from being directly above the second insulating material and the thickness of the second insulating material is reduced thereafter. A fourth insulating material is formed directly above the second insulating material of reduced thickness. A plurality of electronic components is formed above the fourth insulating material and that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the fourth and second insulating materials. Other embodiments, including structure, are disclosed.1. A method used in forming integrated circuitry, comprising:
forming conductive line structures having conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along immediately-adjacent of the conductive line structures; forming first insulating material laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; forming second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; forming a third material directly above the second insulating material, the third material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; removing the third material from being directly above the second insulating material and reducing thickness of the second insulating material thereafter; forming a fourth insulating material directly above the second insulating material of reduced thickness; and forming a plurality of electronic components above the fourth insulating material that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the fourth and second insulating materials. 2. The method of claim 1 comprising annealing the second insulating material before removing the third material to cause hydrogen in the second insulating material to move downwardly into the conductive vias, the third material restricting upward movement of hydrogen from the second insulating material during said annealing. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the annealing causes the hydrogen to move through the conductive vias to below the conductive vias. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material comprises oxygen. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second insulating materials are of different compositions relative one another. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the first insulating material comprises silicon nitride. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein the first insulating material comprises an insulative oxide. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second insulating materials are of the same composition relative one another. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material consists of or consists essentially of silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material is silicon carbonitride containing hydrogen. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and fourth insulating materials are the same composition relative one another. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the first insulative material and the third material are the same composition relative one another. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein the third material is insulating material. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the first, third, and fourth insulating materials are the same composition relative one another. 15. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and fourth insulating materials are different compositions relative one another. 16. The method of claim 1 wherein the fourth insulating material is silicon nitride. 17. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and fourth insulating materials are silicon nitride and the second insulating material is silicon carbonitride containing hydrogen. 18. The method of claim 1 wherein the fourth insulating material is thinner than the second insulating material in a finished construction. 19. The method of claim 1 wherein the second insulating material is directly against top surfaces of the conductive vias. 20. The method of claim 1 wherein the first insulating material and the conductive vias have top surfaces that are individually planar and are collectively co-planar. 21. A method used in forming memory circuitry, comprising:
forming transistors individually comprising:
a pair of source/drain regions;
a channel region between the pair of source/drain regions; and
a conductive gate operatively proximate the channel region;
forming digitline structures that are individually directly electrically coupled to one of the source/drain regions of multiple of the transistors; forming conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along the digitline structures, individual of the conductive vias being directly electrically coupled to one of the other source/drain regions of the multiple transistors, the conductive vias comprising uppermost conductive material of a redistribution layer, the uppermost conductive material being above the digitline structures; forming first insulating material laterally between the uppermost conductive material of immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; forming second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the uppermost conductive material of the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; forming a third material directly above the second insulating material, the third material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; annealing the second insulating material to cause hydrogen therein to move downwardly through the conductive vias and into the other source/drain regions of the multiple transistors, the third material restricting upward movement of hydrogen from the second insulating material during said annealing; and after the annealing, forming a plurality of storage elements that are individually directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the second insulating material. 22. The method of claim 21 comprising:
after the annealing, removing the third material from being directly above the second insulating material and reducing thickness of the second insulating material thereafter;
forming a fourth insulating material directly above the second insulating material of reduced thickness; and
forming the plurality of storage elements to be individually directly electrically coupled to the individual conductive vias through the fourth and second insulating materials. 23. Integrated circuitry comprising:
conductive line structures having conductive vias laterally between and spaced longitudinally along immediately-adjacent of the conductive line structures, the conductive vias comprising uppermost conductive material that is above the conductive line structures; first insulating material laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the uppermost conductive material of the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; insulative material directly above the second insulating material, the insulative material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; and a plurality of electronic components above the insulative material that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the insulative material and the second insulating material. 24-35. (canceled) 36. DRAM circuitry, comprising:
a substrate comprising transistors individually comprising:
a pair of source/drain regions;
a channel region between the pair of source/drain regions; and
a conductive gate operatively proximate the channel region;
digitline structures that are individually directly electrically coupled to one of the pair of source/drain regions of multiple of the transistors; conductive vias that are individually directly electrically coupled to one of the other source/drain regions of the multiple transistors; first insulating material laterally between immediately-adjacent of the conductive vias; second insulating material directly above the first insulating material and directly above the uppermost conductive material of the conductive vias; the second insulating material comprising silicon, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen; insulative material directly above the second insulating material, the insulative material and the second insulating material comprising different compositions relative one another; a plurality of electronic components above the insulative material that individually are directly electrically coupled to individual of the conductive vias through the insulative material and the second insulating material; and uppermost portions of the other source/drain regions comprising hydrogen. | 2,800 |
339,314 | 16,800,185 | 2,891 | A virtualization system implemented within a cloud server enables the simulation of robot structure and behavior in a virtual environment. The simulated robots are controlled by clients remote from the cloud server, enabling human operators or autonomous robot control programs running on the clients to control the movement and behavior of the simulated robots within the virtual environment. Data describing interactions between robots, the virtual environment, and objects can be recorded for use in future robot design. The virtualization system can include robot templates, enabling users to quickly select and customize a robot to be simulated, and further enabling users to update and re-customize the robot in real-time during the simulation. The virtualization system can re-simulate a portion of the robot simulation when an intervention by a human operator is detected, positioning robots, people, and objects within the virtual environment based on the detected intervention. | 1. A method for simulating robot behavior, comprising:
instantiating, by a cloud server for a client, a virtual environment and a robot within the virtual environment; executing, by the cloud server, a robot simulation session in which the robot is autonomously controlled by the client; detecting, by the cloud server during a portion of the robot simulation session in which the robot is autonomously controlled, an intervention by a human operator to manually control the robot; identifying, by the cloud server, an intervention simulation time corresponding to the detected invention; identifying, by the cloud server, a set of conditions of the virtual environment and the virtual robot corresponding to an updated simulation starting time, the updated simulation starting time comprising a threshold amount of time before the intervention simulation time; and executing, by the cloud server, an updated robot simulation session, the updated robot simulation session based on the identified set of conditions, the updated robot simulation session configured to begin at the updated simulation starting time. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the client is running on a client device external to the cloud server. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein behavior of the robot, when autonomously controlled by the client, is configured to be simulated based on inputs received from the client device via the client. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the robot, when autonomously controlled by the client, is controlled by an autonomous robot control program running on the client. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the intervention by the human operator comprises detecting an input received from the human operator via the client. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the intervention by the human operator comprises receiving an input from the client indicating that that the robot is being controlled by the human operator. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the intervention simulation time comprises identifying an amount of time since a beginning of the simulation to the detected intervention. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the set of conditions of the robot comprises identifying a location of the robot within the virtual environment at the updated simulation starting time. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of conditions of the virtual environment comprise a location of one or more objects within the virtual environment at the updated simulation starting time. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of conditions of the virtual environment comprise a location of one or more simulated people within the virtual environment at the updated simulation starting time. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of conditions of the virtual environment comprise a location of one or more simulated vehicles within the virtual environment at the updated simulation starting time. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual environment includes a plurality of additional robots each configured to be simulated within the robot simulation. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the identified set of conditions comprise a starting position of each of the plurality of additional robots within the virtual environment at the updated simulation starting time. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold amount of time is selected based on a location of the robot at the intervention simulation time. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold amount of time is selected based on a cause for the detected intervention. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold amount of time is selected based on a speed of the robot at the intervention simulation time. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein executing the updated robot simulation session comprises bypassing an amount of time between executing the robot simulation session and the updated simulation starting time. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising modifying the identified set of conditions before executing the updated robot simulation session. 19. A system for simulating robot behavior comprising at least one processor configured to execute instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that, when executed, cause the system to perform steps comprising:
instantiating, for a client, a virtual environment and a robot within the virtual environment; executing a robot simulation session in which the robot is autonomously controlled by the client; detecting, during a portion of the robot simulation session in which the robot is autonomously controlled, an intervention by a human operator to manually control the robot; identifying an intervention simulation time corresponding to the detected invention; identifying a set of conditions of the virtual environment and the robot corresponding to an updated simulation starting time, the updated simulation starting time comprising a threshold amount of time before the intervention simulation time; and executing an updated robot simulation session, the updated robot simulation session based on the identified set of conditions, the updated robot simulation session configured to begin at the updated simulation starting time. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause steps to be performed comprising, comprising:
instantiating, by a cloud server for a client, a virtual environment and a robot within the virtual environment; executing, by the cloud server, a robot simulation session in which the robot is autonomously controlled by the client; detecting, by the cloud server during a portion of the robot simulation session in which the robot is autonomously controlled, an intervention by a human operator to manually control the robot; identifying, by the cloud server, an intervention simulation time corresponding to the detected invention; identifying, by the cloud server, a set of conditions of the virtual environment and the robot corresponding to an updated simulation starting time, the updated simulation starting time comprising a threshold amount of time before the intervention simulation time; and executing, by the cloud server, an updated robot simulation session, the updated robot simulation session based on the identified set of conditions, the updated robot simulation session configured to begin at the updated simulation starting time. | A virtualization system implemented within a cloud server enables the simulation of robot structure and behavior in a virtual environment. The simulated robots are controlled by clients remote from the cloud server, enabling human operators or autonomous robot control programs running on the clients to control the movement and behavior of the simulated robots within the virtual environment. Data describing interactions between robots, the virtual environment, and objects can be recorded for use in future robot design. The virtualization system can include robot templates, enabling users to quickly select and customize a robot to be simulated, and further enabling users to update and re-customize the robot in real-time during the simulation. The virtualization system can re-simulate a portion of the robot simulation when an intervention by a human operator is detected, positioning robots, people, and objects within the virtual environment based on the detected intervention.1. A method for simulating robot behavior, comprising:
instantiating, by a cloud server for a client, a virtual environment and a robot within the virtual environment; executing, by the cloud server, a robot simulation session in which the robot is autonomously controlled by the client; detecting, by the cloud server during a portion of the robot simulation session in which the robot is autonomously controlled, an intervention by a human operator to manually control the robot; identifying, by the cloud server, an intervention simulation time corresponding to the detected invention; identifying, by the cloud server, a set of conditions of the virtual environment and the virtual robot corresponding to an updated simulation starting time, the updated simulation starting time comprising a threshold amount of time before the intervention simulation time; and executing, by the cloud server, an updated robot simulation session, the updated robot simulation session based on the identified set of conditions, the updated robot simulation session configured to begin at the updated simulation starting time. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the client is running on a client device external to the cloud server. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein behavior of the robot, when autonomously controlled by the client, is configured to be simulated based on inputs received from the client device via the client. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the robot, when autonomously controlled by the client, is controlled by an autonomous robot control program running on the client. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the intervention by the human operator comprises detecting an input received from the human operator via the client. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the intervention by the human operator comprises receiving an input from the client indicating that that the robot is being controlled by the human operator. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the intervention simulation time comprises identifying an amount of time since a beginning of the simulation to the detected intervention. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the set of conditions of the robot comprises identifying a location of the robot within the virtual environment at the updated simulation starting time. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of conditions of the virtual environment comprise a location of one or more objects within the virtual environment at the updated simulation starting time. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of conditions of the virtual environment comprise a location of one or more simulated people within the virtual environment at the updated simulation starting time. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of conditions of the virtual environment comprise a location of one or more simulated vehicles within the virtual environment at the updated simulation starting time. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual environment includes a plurality of additional robots each configured to be simulated within the robot simulation. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the identified set of conditions comprise a starting position of each of the plurality of additional robots within the virtual environment at the updated simulation starting time. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold amount of time is selected based on a location of the robot at the intervention simulation time. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold amount of time is selected based on a cause for the detected intervention. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold amount of time is selected based on a speed of the robot at the intervention simulation time. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein executing the updated robot simulation session comprises bypassing an amount of time between executing the robot simulation session and the updated simulation starting time. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising modifying the identified set of conditions before executing the updated robot simulation session. 19. A system for simulating robot behavior comprising at least one processor configured to execute instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that, when executed, cause the system to perform steps comprising:
instantiating, for a client, a virtual environment and a robot within the virtual environment; executing a robot simulation session in which the robot is autonomously controlled by the client; detecting, during a portion of the robot simulation session in which the robot is autonomously controlled, an intervention by a human operator to manually control the robot; identifying an intervention simulation time corresponding to the detected invention; identifying a set of conditions of the virtual environment and the robot corresponding to an updated simulation starting time, the updated simulation starting time comprising a threshold amount of time before the intervention simulation time; and executing an updated robot simulation session, the updated robot simulation session based on the identified set of conditions, the updated robot simulation session configured to begin at the updated simulation starting time. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause steps to be performed comprising, comprising:
instantiating, by a cloud server for a client, a virtual environment and a robot within the virtual environment; executing, by the cloud server, a robot simulation session in which the robot is autonomously controlled by the client; detecting, by the cloud server during a portion of the robot simulation session in which the robot is autonomously controlled, an intervention by a human operator to manually control the robot; identifying, by the cloud server, an intervention simulation time corresponding to the detected invention; identifying, by the cloud server, a set of conditions of the virtual environment and the robot corresponding to an updated simulation starting time, the updated simulation starting time comprising a threshold amount of time before the intervention simulation time; and executing, by the cloud server, an updated robot simulation session, the updated robot simulation session based on the identified set of conditions, the updated robot simulation session configured to begin at the updated simulation starting time. | 2,800 |
339,315 | 16,800,177 | 2,891 | The present invention relates to a medicament delivery device comprising a drive means configured to act on a medicament container for expelling a medicament; a holding means configured to hold said drive means in a pre-tensioned state; an activation means configured to interact with said holding means for releasing said drive means from the pre-tensioned state; wherein the device further comprises feedback means configured to interact both with said holding means and with said drive means for generating an audible and/or tactile and/or visual signal indicating that the medicament has been completely expelled. | 1. A drive mechanism for use in a medicament delivery device, the drive mechanism comprising:
a plunger rod; a tubular extension part rotatably fixed relative to the plunger rod; and a tubular operation member moveably engaged with the tubular extension, wherein the drive mechanism is in a pre-tensioned state when the plunger rod is engaged with the tubular extension part and upon activation of the medicament delivery device the drive mechanism changes to a released state where the plunger rod is released from the tubular extension part, wherein movement of the tubular operation member relative to the tubular extension part and the plunger rod causes the activation, and where the change from the pre-tensioned state to the released state generates an audible, tactile or visible signal to a user of the medicament delivery device. 2. The drive mechanism of claim 1 further comprising an activation member slidably positioned relative to the tubular extension part and the tubular operation member where axial movement of the activation member in a distal direction relative to the tubular extension part causes the movement of the tubular operation member. 3. The drive mechanism of claim 2 where the activation member further comprises radial inward extending protrusions that engage grooves located on an outer surface of the tubular operation member where axial movement of the radial inward extending protrusions within the grooves causes activation of the medicament delivery device. 4. The drive mechanism of claim 1, wherein the tubular operation member comprises an inside surface having a groove that upon movement of the tubular operation member causes movement of the groove such that a flexible tongue on the tubular extension part can flex radially outward into the groove. 5. The drive mechanism of claim 1, wherein the tubular operation member rotates relative to the tubular extension part during activation. 6. The drive mechanism of claim 1, wherein the tubular operation member comprises a ledge located on a proximal end of the tubular operation member that abuts a radial protrusion on an outside surface of the tubular extension part when the drive mechanism is in the pre-tensioned state. 7. The drive mechanism of claim 6 wherein rotation of the tubular operation member causes rotation of the ledge relative to the protrusion such that during activation the protrusion comes off the ledge. 8. The drive mechanism of claim 1, wherein the tubular extension part is rotatably fixed relative to the plunger rod and the plunger rod has a radial space defined by an inner diameter and a proximal end. 9. The drive mechanism of claim 8, wherein a pre-tensioned resilient member is located within the radial space and biases the proximal end of the plunger rod in a proximal direction during both the pre-tensioned state and the released state. 10. A method of generating a notification signal to a user of a medicament delivery device comprising:
providing a drive mechanism comprising, a plunger rod; a tubular extension part rotatably fixed relative to the plunger rod; and a tubular operation member moveably engaged with the tubular extension, wherein the drive mechanism is in a pre-tensioned state where the plunger rod is engaged with the tubular extension part and upon activation of the medicament delivery device the drive mechanism changes to a released state where the plunger rod is released from the tubular extension part, and moving the tubular operation member relative to both the tubular extension part and the plunger rod to cause the activation of the drive mechanism, where activation generates an audible, tactile or visible signal to the user of the drive mechanism. 11. The method of claim 10 further comprises pushing an activation member axially in a distal direction relative to the tubular extension part to cause the movement of the tubular operation member. 12. The method of claim 10 wherein the movement of the tubular operation member causes movement of a groove on an inside surface of the tubular operation member such that a flexible tongue on the tubular extension part can flex radially outward into the groove. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein the movement of the tubular extension member causes movement of a ledge located on a proximal end of the tubular operation member relative to an abutting radial protrusion on an outside surface of the tubular extension part such that during activation the protrusion comes off the ledge. 14. A medicament delivery device comprising:
a housing; a plunger rod rotationally fixed relative to the housing and axially moveable in a proximal direction when the medicament delivery device is activated; an activation member slidably positioned within the housing and rotatably fixed relative to the housing and the plunger rod; a tubular extension part fixed to the housing and rotatably fixed relative to the plunger rod; and a tubular operation member surrounding the plunger and movably engaged with the tubular extension, wherein the plunger rod is in a pre-tensioned state and axially fixed relative to the tubular extension part, where distal axial movement of the activation member causes movement of the tubular operation member relative to the tubular extension part and activation of the medicament delivery device such that the plunger rod changes to a released state and is released from engagement with the tubular extension part, and where the change from the pre-tensioned state to the released state generates an audible, tactile or visible signal to a user of the medicament delivery device. 15. The medicament delivery device of claim 14, wherein the tubular extension part further comprises a flexible resilient tongue that is engaged with the tubular operation member. 16. The medicament delivery device of claim 15, wherein the resilient tongue is configured to maintain the plunger rod in the pre-tensioned state. 17. The medicament delivery device of claim 16, wherein the resilient tongue is configured to extend radially outward when the tubular operation member rotates relative to the tubular extension part. 18. The medicament delivery device of claim 14, wherein the tubular operation member comprises an inside surface having a groove that rotates during activation such that a flexible tongue on the tubular extension part can flex radially outward into the groove. 19. The drive mechanism of claim 18, wherein the tubular operation member comprises a ledge located on a proximal end of the tubular operation member that abuts a fixed radial protrusion on an outside surface of the tubular extension part when the plunger rod is in the pre-tensioned state. 20. The drive mechanism of claim 19 wherein the rotation of the tubular extension member causes rotation of the ledge relative to the protrusion such that during activation the protrusion comes off the ledge. | The present invention relates to a medicament delivery device comprising a drive means configured to act on a medicament container for expelling a medicament; a holding means configured to hold said drive means in a pre-tensioned state; an activation means configured to interact with said holding means for releasing said drive means from the pre-tensioned state; wherein the device further comprises feedback means configured to interact both with said holding means and with said drive means for generating an audible and/or tactile and/or visual signal indicating that the medicament has been completely expelled.1. A drive mechanism for use in a medicament delivery device, the drive mechanism comprising:
a plunger rod; a tubular extension part rotatably fixed relative to the plunger rod; and a tubular operation member moveably engaged with the tubular extension, wherein the drive mechanism is in a pre-tensioned state when the plunger rod is engaged with the tubular extension part and upon activation of the medicament delivery device the drive mechanism changes to a released state where the plunger rod is released from the tubular extension part, wherein movement of the tubular operation member relative to the tubular extension part and the plunger rod causes the activation, and where the change from the pre-tensioned state to the released state generates an audible, tactile or visible signal to a user of the medicament delivery device. 2. The drive mechanism of claim 1 further comprising an activation member slidably positioned relative to the tubular extension part and the tubular operation member where axial movement of the activation member in a distal direction relative to the tubular extension part causes the movement of the tubular operation member. 3. The drive mechanism of claim 2 where the activation member further comprises radial inward extending protrusions that engage grooves located on an outer surface of the tubular operation member where axial movement of the radial inward extending protrusions within the grooves causes activation of the medicament delivery device. 4. The drive mechanism of claim 1, wherein the tubular operation member comprises an inside surface having a groove that upon movement of the tubular operation member causes movement of the groove such that a flexible tongue on the tubular extension part can flex radially outward into the groove. 5. The drive mechanism of claim 1, wherein the tubular operation member rotates relative to the tubular extension part during activation. 6. The drive mechanism of claim 1, wherein the tubular operation member comprises a ledge located on a proximal end of the tubular operation member that abuts a radial protrusion on an outside surface of the tubular extension part when the drive mechanism is in the pre-tensioned state. 7. The drive mechanism of claim 6 wherein rotation of the tubular operation member causes rotation of the ledge relative to the protrusion such that during activation the protrusion comes off the ledge. 8. The drive mechanism of claim 1, wherein the tubular extension part is rotatably fixed relative to the plunger rod and the plunger rod has a radial space defined by an inner diameter and a proximal end. 9. The drive mechanism of claim 8, wherein a pre-tensioned resilient member is located within the radial space and biases the proximal end of the plunger rod in a proximal direction during both the pre-tensioned state and the released state. 10. A method of generating a notification signal to a user of a medicament delivery device comprising:
providing a drive mechanism comprising, a plunger rod; a tubular extension part rotatably fixed relative to the plunger rod; and a tubular operation member moveably engaged with the tubular extension, wherein the drive mechanism is in a pre-tensioned state where the plunger rod is engaged with the tubular extension part and upon activation of the medicament delivery device the drive mechanism changes to a released state where the plunger rod is released from the tubular extension part, and moving the tubular operation member relative to both the tubular extension part and the plunger rod to cause the activation of the drive mechanism, where activation generates an audible, tactile or visible signal to the user of the drive mechanism. 11. The method of claim 10 further comprises pushing an activation member axially in a distal direction relative to the tubular extension part to cause the movement of the tubular operation member. 12. The method of claim 10 wherein the movement of the tubular operation member causes movement of a groove on an inside surface of the tubular operation member such that a flexible tongue on the tubular extension part can flex radially outward into the groove. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein the movement of the tubular extension member causes movement of a ledge located on a proximal end of the tubular operation member relative to an abutting radial protrusion on an outside surface of the tubular extension part such that during activation the protrusion comes off the ledge. 14. A medicament delivery device comprising:
a housing; a plunger rod rotationally fixed relative to the housing and axially moveable in a proximal direction when the medicament delivery device is activated; an activation member slidably positioned within the housing and rotatably fixed relative to the housing and the plunger rod; a tubular extension part fixed to the housing and rotatably fixed relative to the plunger rod; and a tubular operation member surrounding the plunger and movably engaged with the tubular extension, wherein the plunger rod is in a pre-tensioned state and axially fixed relative to the tubular extension part, where distal axial movement of the activation member causes movement of the tubular operation member relative to the tubular extension part and activation of the medicament delivery device such that the plunger rod changes to a released state and is released from engagement with the tubular extension part, and where the change from the pre-tensioned state to the released state generates an audible, tactile or visible signal to a user of the medicament delivery device. 15. The medicament delivery device of claim 14, wherein the tubular extension part further comprises a flexible resilient tongue that is engaged with the tubular operation member. 16. The medicament delivery device of claim 15, wherein the resilient tongue is configured to maintain the plunger rod in the pre-tensioned state. 17. The medicament delivery device of claim 16, wherein the resilient tongue is configured to extend radially outward when the tubular operation member rotates relative to the tubular extension part. 18. The medicament delivery device of claim 14, wherein the tubular operation member comprises an inside surface having a groove that rotates during activation such that a flexible tongue on the tubular extension part can flex radially outward into the groove. 19. The drive mechanism of claim 18, wherein the tubular operation member comprises a ledge located on a proximal end of the tubular operation member that abuts a fixed radial protrusion on an outside surface of the tubular extension part when the plunger rod is in the pre-tensioned state. 20. The drive mechanism of claim 19 wherein the rotation of the tubular extension member causes rotation of the ledge relative to the protrusion such that during activation the protrusion comes off the ledge. | 2,800 |
339,316 | 16,800,182 | 2,891 | A virtualization system implemented within a cloud server enables the simulation of robot structure and behavior in a virtual environment. The simulated robots are controlled by clients remote from the cloud server, enabling human operators or autonomous robot control programs running on the clients to control the movement and behavior of the simulated robots within the virtual environment. Data describing interactions between robots, the virtual environment, and objects can be recorded for use in future robot design. The virtualization system can include robot templates, enabling users to quickly select and customize a robot to be simulated, and further enabling users to update and re-customize the robot in real-time during the simulation. The virtualization system can re-simulate a portion of the robot simulation when an intervention by a human operator is detected, positioning robots, people, and objects within the virtual environment based on the detected intervention. | 1. A method for modeling robot structure and behavior, comprising:
generating, by a virtualization system, a plurality of robot templates, each robot template comprising a robot base type, a set of robot attachments, and a set of robot sensors; receiving, by the virtualization system, a selection of a robot template from a user of the virtualization system; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of customization parameters from the user; simulating, by the virtualization system, a robot within a virtual environment based on the selected robot template, the robot customized based on the set of customization parameters; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of updated customization parameters from the user during the robot simulation; and modifying, by the virtualization system, the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation based on the set of updated customization parameters. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the robot base type comprises one of: a 2-wheel base, a 4-wheel base, a roller base, a tread base, a tract base, a bipedal base, a drone, and a boat. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of robot attachments comprise one or more of: one or more arms, one or more buckets, one or more cabs, one or more UI controls, one or more effectors, one or more scoops, one or more doors, one or more propellers, and one or more storage compartments. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the one or more effectors include one or more grippers, one or more claws, one or more drills, one or more hands, one or more lights, and one or more speakers. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of robot sensors comprise one or more of: LIDAR sensors, radar sensors, cameras or camera arrays, GPS receivers, IMUs, gyroscopes, accelerometers, communication transceivers, depth sensors, motion detectors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, weight sensors, and microphones. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection of the robot template comprises a selection of one of the plurality of robot templates or the selection of a customized robot template comprising a selection of a robot base type, one or more robot attachments, and one or more robot sensors. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises one or more of: a weight of the robot, a center of mass of the robot, dimensions of the robot, and materials the robot is made of. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises appearance parameters describe how the robot or a component of the robot appears. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters correspond to a component of the robot, and describes one or more of: a mass of the component, a center of mass of the component, dimensions of the component, and materials the component is made of. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprise one or more CAD models representative of one or more components of the robot. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises one or more of: movement characteristics of the robot, speed characteristics of the robot, acceleration characteristics of the robot, movement characteristics of one or more of the robot attachments, functional characteristics of one or more of the robot attachments, and functional characteristics of effectors of the robot. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises one or more of: location characteristics of one or more robot sensors, orientation characteristics of the one or more robot sensors, data acquisition characteristics of the one or more robot sensors, and communicative characteristics of the one or more robot sensors. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters specify one or more of: how a first component of the robot interacts with a second component of the robot, how the first component connects to the second component, and how the first component affects the second component. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more characteristics of the virtualization environment are selected by the user. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein simulating the robot within the virtual environment comprises generating a three-dimensional representation of the robot within a three-dimensional representation of the virtual environment, and further comprises enabling the user to control the robot within the virtual environment by providing an input interface to a client running on a client device of the user configured to receive inputs from the user, the virtualization system configured to simulate behavior of the robot within the virtual environment based on the received inputs. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of updated customization parameters comprises a change to one or more characteristics of the robot. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the set of updated customization parameters comprises a value range from a first value to a second value of a characteristic of the robot, and wherein modifying the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation comprises changing a value of the characteristic incrementally from the first value to the second value. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the simulated robot is modified in real-time without restarting the robot simulation. 19. A system for modeling robot structure and behavior comprising at least one processor configured to execute instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that, when executed, cause the system to perform steps comprising:
generating a plurality of robot templates, each robot template comprising a robot base type, a set of robot attachments, and a set of robot sensors; receiving a selection of a robot template from a user of the virtualization system; receiving a set of customization parameters from the user; simulating a robot within a virtual environment based on the selected robot template, the robot customized based on the set of customization parameters; receiving a set of updated customization parameters from the user during the robot simulation; and modifying the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation based on the set of updated customization parameters. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause steps to be performed comprising, comprising:
generating, by a virtualization system, a plurality of robot templates, each robot template comprising a robot base type, a set of robot attachments, and a set of robot sensors; receiving, by the virtualization system, a selection of a robot template from a user of the virtualization system; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of customization parameters from the user; simulating, by the virtualization system, a robot within a virtual environment based on the selected robot template, the robot customized based on the set of customization parameters; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of updated customization parameters from the user during the robot simulation; and modifying, by the virtualization system, the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation based on the set of updated customization parameters. | A virtualization system implemented within a cloud server enables the simulation of robot structure and behavior in a virtual environment. The simulated robots are controlled by clients remote from the cloud server, enabling human operators or autonomous robot control programs running on the clients to control the movement and behavior of the simulated robots within the virtual environment. Data describing interactions between robots, the virtual environment, and objects can be recorded for use in future robot design. The virtualization system can include robot templates, enabling users to quickly select and customize a robot to be simulated, and further enabling users to update and re-customize the robot in real-time during the simulation. The virtualization system can re-simulate a portion of the robot simulation when an intervention by a human operator is detected, positioning robots, people, and objects within the virtual environment based on the detected intervention.1. A method for modeling robot structure and behavior, comprising:
generating, by a virtualization system, a plurality of robot templates, each robot template comprising a robot base type, a set of robot attachments, and a set of robot sensors; receiving, by the virtualization system, a selection of a robot template from a user of the virtualization system; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of customization parameters from the user; simulating, by the virtualization system, a robot within a virtual environment based on the selected robot template, the robot customized based on the set of customization parameters; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of updated customization parameters from the user during the robot simulation; and modifying, by the virtualization system, the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation based on the set of updated customization parameters. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the robot base type comprises one of: a 2-wheel base, a 4-wheel base, a roller base, a tread base, a tract base, a bipedal base, a drone, and a boat. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of robot attachments comprise one or more of: one or more arms, one or more buckets, one or more cabs, one or more UI controls, one or more effectors, one or more scoops, one or more doors, one or more propellers, and one or more storage compartments. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the one or more effectors include one or more grippers, one or more claws, one or more drills, one or more hands, one or more lights, and one or more speakers. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of robot sensors comprise one or more of: LIDAR sensors, radar sensors, cameras or camera arrays, GPS receivers, IMUs, gyroscopes, accelerometers, communication transceivers, depth sensors, motion detectors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, weight sensors, and microphones. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection of the robot template comprises a selection of one of the plurality of robot templates or the selection of a customized robot template comprising a selection of a robot base type, one or more robot attachments, and one or more robot sensors. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises one or more of: a weight of the robot, a center of mass of the robot, dimensions of the robot, and materials the robot is made of. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises appearance parameters describe how the robot or a component of the robot appears. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters correspond to a component of the robot, and describes one or more of: a mass of the component, a center of mass of the component, dimensions of the component, and materials the component is made of. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprise one or more CAD models representative of one or more components of the robot. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises one or more of: movement characteristics of the robot, speed characteristics of the robot, acceleration characteristics of the robot, movement characteristics of one or more of the robot attachments, functional characteristics of one or more of the robot attachments, and functional characteristics of effectors of the robot. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises one or more of: location characteristics of one or more robot sensors, orientation characteristics of the one or more robot sensors, data acquisition characteristics of the one or more robot sensors, and communicative characteristics of the one or more robot sensors. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters specify one or more of: how a first component of the robot interacts with a second component of the robot, how the first component connects to the second component, and how the first component affects the second component. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more characteristics of the virtualization environment are selected by the user. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein simulating the robot within the virtual environment comprises generating a three-dimensional representation of the robot within a three-dimensional representation of the virtual environment, and further comprises enabling the user to control the robot within the virtual environment by providing an input interface to a client running on a client device of the user configured to receive inputs from the user, the virtualization system configured to simulate behavior of the robot within the virtual environment based on the received inputs. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of updated customization parameters comprises a change to one or more characteristics of the robot. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the set of updated customization parameters comprises a value range from a first value to a second value of a characteristic of the robot, and wherein modifying the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation comprises changing a value of the characteristic incrementally from the first value to the second value. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the simulated robot is modified in real-time without restarting the robot simulation. 19. A system for modeling robot structure and behavior comprising at least one processor configured to execute instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that, when executed, cause the system to perform steps comprising:
generating a plurality of robot templates, each robot template comprising a robot base type, a set of robot attachments, and a set of robot sensors; receiving a selection of a robot template from a user of the virtualization system; receiving a set of customization parameters from the user; simulating a robot within a virtual environment based on the selected robot template, the robot customized based on the set of customization parameters; receiving a set of updated customization parameters from the user during the robot simulation; and modifying the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation based on the set of updated customization parameters. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause steps to be performed comprising, comprising:
generating, by a virtualization system, a plurality of robot templates, each robot template comprising a robot base type, a set of robot attachments, and a set of robot sensors; receiving, by the virtualization system, a selection of a robot template from a user of the virtualization system; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of customization parameters from the user; simulating, by the virtualization system, a robot within a virtual environment based on the selected robot template, the robot customized based on the set of customization parameters; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of updated customization parameters from the user during the robot simulation; and modifying, by the virtualization system, the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation based on the set of updated customization parameters. | 2,800 |
339,317 | 16,800,206 | 2,891 | A virtualization system implemented within a cloud server enables the simulation of robot structure and behavior in a virtual environment. The simulated robots are controlled by clients remote from the cloud server, enabling human operators or autonomous robot control programs running on the clients to control the movement and behavior of the simulated robots within the virtual environment. Data describing interactions between robots, the virtual environment, and objects can be recorded for use in future robot design. The virtualization system can include robot templates, enabling users to quickly select and customize a robot to be simulated, and further enabling users to update and re-customize the robot in real-time during the simulation. The virtualization system can re-simulate a portion of the robot simulation when an intervention by a human operator is detected, positioning robots, people, and objects within the virtual environment based on the detected intervention. | 1. A method for modeling robot structure and behavior, comprising:
generating, by a virtualization system, a plurality of robot templates, each robot template comprising a robot base type, a set of robot attachments, and a set of robot sensors; receiving, by the virtualization system, a selection of a robot template from a user of the virtualization system; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of customization parameters from the user; simulating, by the virtualization system, a robot within a virtual environment based on the selected robot template, the robot customized based on the set of customization parameters; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of updated customization parameters from the user during the robot simulation; and modifying, by the virtualization system, the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation based on the set of updated customization parameters. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the robot base type comprises one of: a 2-wheel base, a 4-wheel base, a roller base, a tread base, a tract base, a bipedal base, a drone, and a boat. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of robot attachments comprise one or more of: one or more arms, one or more buckets, one or more cabs, one or more UI controls, one or more effectors, one or more scoops, one or more doors, one or more propellers, and one or more storage compartments. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the one or more effectors include one or more grippers, one or more claws, one or more drills, one or more hands, one or more lights, and one or more speakers. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of robot sensors comprise one or more of: LIDAR sensors, radar sensors, cameras or camera arrays, GPS receivers, IMUs, gyroscopes, accelerometers, communication transceivers, depth sensors, motion detectors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, weight sensors, and microphones. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection of the robot template comprises a selection of one of the plurality of robot templates or the selection of a customized robot template comprising a selection of a robot base type, one or more robot attachments, and one or more robot sensors. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises one or more of: a weight of the robot, a center of mass of the robot, dimensions of the robot, and materials the robot is made of. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises appearance parameters describe how the robot or a component of the robot appears. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters correspond to a component of the robot, and describes one or more of: a mass of the component, a center of mass of the component, dimensions of the component, and materials the component is made of. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprise one or more CAD models representative of one or more components of the robot. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises one or more of: movement characteristics of the robot, speed characteristics of the robot, acceleration characteristics of the robot, movement characteristics of one or more of the robot attachments, functional characteristics of one or more of the robot attachments, and functional characteristics of effectors of the robot. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises one or more of: location characteristics of one or more robot sensors, orientation characteristics of the one or more robot sensors, data acquisition characteristics of the one or more robot sensors, and communicative characteristics of the one or more robot sensors. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters specify one or more of: how a first component of the robot interacts with a second component of the robot, how the first component connects to the second component, and how the first component affects the second component. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more characteristics of the virtualization environment are selected by the user. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein simulating the robot within the virtual environment comprises generating a three-dimensional representation of the robot within a three-dimensional representation of the virtual environment, and further comprises enabling the user to control the robot within the virtual environment by providing an input interface to a client running on a client device of the user configured to receive inputs from the user, the virtualization system configured to simulate behavior of the robot within the virtual environment based on the received inputs. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of updated customization parameters comprises a change to one or more characteristics of the robot. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the set of updated customization parameters comprises a value range from a first value to a second value of a characteristic of the robot, and wherein modifying the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation comprises changing a value of the characteristic incrementally from the first value to the second value. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the simulated robot is modified in real-time without restarting the robot simulation. 19. A system for modeling robot structure and behavior comprising at least one processor configured to execute instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that, when executed, cause the system to perform steps comprising:
generating a plurality of robot templates, each robot template comprising a robot base type, a set of robot attachments, and a set of robot sensors; receiving a selection of a robot template from a user of the virtualization system; receiving a set of customization parameters from the user; simulating a robot within a virtual environment based on the selected robot template, the robot customized based on the set of customization parameters; receiving a set of updated customization parameters from the user during the robot simulation; and modifying the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation based on the set of updated customization parameters. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause steps to be performed comprising, comprising:
generating, by a virtualization system, a plurality of robot templates, each robot template comprising a robot base type, a set of robot attachments, and a set of robot sensors; receiving, by the virtualization system, a selection of a robot template from a user of the virtualization system; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of customization parameters from the user; simulating, by the virtualization system, a robot within a virtual environment based on the selected robot template, the robot customized based on the set of customization parameters; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of updated customization parameters from the user during the robot simulation; and modifying, by the virtualization system, the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation based on the set of updated customization parameters. | A virtualization system implemented within a cloud server enables the simulation of robot structure and behavior in a virtual environment. The simulated robots are controlled by clients remote from the cloud server, enabling human operators or autonomous robot control programs running on the clients to control the movement and behavior of the simulated robots within the virtual environment. Data describing interactions between robots, the virtual environment, and objects can be recorded for use in future robot design. The virtualization system can include robot templates, enabling users to quickly select and customize a robot to be simulated, and further enabling users to update and re-customize the robot in real-time during the simulation. The virtualization system can re-simulate a portion of the robot simulation when an intervention by a human operator is detected, positioning robots, people, and objects within the virtual environment based on the detected intervention.1. A method for modeling robot structure and behavior, comprising:
generating, by a virtualization system, a plurality of robot templates, each robot template comprising a robot base type, a set of robot attachments, and a set of robot sensors; receiving, by the virtualization system, a selection of a robot template from a user of the virtualization system; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of customization parameters from the user; simulating, by the virtualization system, a robot within a virtual environment based on the selected robot template, the robot customized based on the set of customization parameters; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of updated customization parameters from the user during the robot simulation; and modifying, by the virtualization system, the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation based on the set of updated customization parameters. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the robot base type comprises one of: a 2-wheel base, a 4-wheel base, a roller base, a tread base, a tract base, a bipedal base, a drone, and a boat. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of robot attachments comprise one or more of: one or more arms, one or more buckets, one or more cabs, one or more UI controls, one or more effectors, one or more scoops, one or more doors, one or more propellers, and one or more storage compartments. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the one or more effectors include one or more grippers, one or more claws, one or more drills, one or more hands, one or more lights, and one or more speakers. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of robot sensors comprise one or more of: LIDAR sensors, radar sensors, cameras or camera arrays, GPS receivers, IMUs, gyroscopes, accelerometers, communication transceivers, depth sensors, motion detectors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, weight sensors, and microphones. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection of the robot template comprises a selection of one of the plurality of robot templates or the selection of a customized robot template comprising a selection of a robot base type, one or more robot attachments, and one or more robot sensors. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises one or more of: a weight of the robot, a center of mass of the robot, dimensions of the robot, and materials the robot is made of. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises appearance parameters describe how the robot or a component of the robot appears. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters correspond to a component of the robot, and describes one or more of: a mass of the component, a center of mass of the component, dimensions of the component, and materials the component is made of. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprise one or more CAD models representative of one or more components of the robot. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises one or more of: movement characteristics of the robot, speed characteristics of the robot, acceleration characteristics of the robot, movement characteristics of one or more of the robot attachments, functional characteristics of one or more of the robot attachments, and functional characteristics of effectors of the robot. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters comprises one or more of: location characteristics of one or more robot sensors, orientation characteristics of the one or more robot sensors, data acquisition characteristics of the one or more robot sensors, and communicative characteristics of the one or more robot sensors. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of customization parameters specify one or more of: how a first component of the robot interacts with a second component of the robot, how the first component connects to the second component, and how the first component affects the second component. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more characteristics of the virtualization environment are selected by the user. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein simulating the robot within the virtual environment comprises generating a three-dimensional representation of the robot within a three-dimensional representation of the virtual environment, and further comprises enabling the user to control the robot within the virtual environment by providing an input interface to a client running on a client device of the user configured to receive inputs from the user, the virtualization system configured to simulate behavior of the robot within the virtual environment based on the received inputs. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of updated customization parameters comprises a change to one or more characteristics of the robot. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the set of updated customization parameters comprises a value range from a first value to a second value of a characteristic of the robot, and wherein modifying the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation comprises changing a value of the characteristic incrementally from the first value to the second value. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the simulated robot is modified in real-time without restarting the robot simulation. 19. A system for modeling robot structure and behavior comprising at least one processor configured to execute instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that, when executed, cause the system to perform steps comprising:
generating a plurality of robot templates, each robot template comprising a robot base type, a set of robot attachments, and a set of robot sensors; receiving a selection of a robot template from a user of the virtualization system; receiving a set of customization parameters from the user; simulating a robot within a virtual environment based on the selected robot template, the robot customized based on the set of customization parameters; receiving a set of updated customization parameters from the user during the robot simulation; and modifying the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation based on the set of updated customization parameters. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause steps to be performed comprising, comprising:
generating, by a virtualization system, a plurality of robot templates, each robot template comprising a robot base type, a set of robot attachments, and a set of robot sensors; receiving, by the virtualization system, a selection of a robot template from a user of the virtualization system; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of customization parameters from the user; simulating, by the virtualization system, a robot within a virtual environment based on the selected robot template, the robot customized based on the set of customization parameters; receiving, by the virtualization system, a set of updated customization parameters from the user during the robot simulation; and modifying, by the virtualization system, the simulated robot in real-time during the robot simulation based on the set of updated customization parameters. | 2,800 |
339,318 | 16,800,188 | 2,891 | A device and a method for authenticating an application in an execution environment in a trust zone are provided. The method includes executing a client application (CA) in a normal world, receiving, in the normal world, a request for receiving a service of a trusted application (TA) of a secure world from the CA, acquiring, when the request is received in the normal world, source information of the CA loaded in a memory of the device, acquiring, in the normal world, first hash information from the source information, providing, to the secure world, the first hash information together with signature information and a sub certificate included in the CA, and authenticating the CA based on the sub certificate and a root certificate of the TA in the secure world. | 1. A method, performed by a device, of authenticating an application in an execution environment of a trust zone, the method comprising:
executing a client application (CA) in a normal world; receiving a request for receiving, in the normal world, a service of a trusted application (TA) of a secure world from the CA; acquiring, when the request is received in the normal world, source information of the CA loaded in a memory of the device; acquiring, in the normal world, first hash information from the source information; providing, to the secure world, the first hash information together with signature information and a sub certificate included in the CA; and authenticating, in the secure world, the CA based on the sub certificate and a root certificate of the TA. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising downloading the CA including the signature information and the sub certificate from a server. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the authenticating of the CA comprises determining whether the sub certificate corresponds to the root certificate of the TA. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the authenticating of the CA further comprises:
acquiring second hash information from the signature information; and comparing the second hash information acquired from the signature information with the first hash information acquired in the normal world. 5. The method of claim 3,
wherein the sub certificate is encrypted with a TA private key, and the determining of whether the sub certificate corresponds to the root certificate of the TA comprises:
acquiring a TA public key from the root certificate of the TA; and
decrypting the sub certificate with the TA public key. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the comparing of the second hash information with the first hash information comprises:
acquiring a CA public key from the sub certificate when the sub certificate corresponds to the root certificate of the TA; and acquiring the second hash information by decrypting the signature information with the CA public key. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the signature information is generated by encrypting the second hash information calculated from the source information of the CA with a CA private key. 8. The method of claim 6,
wherein the sub certificate includes the CA public key, and wherein the root certificate includes the TA public key. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the acquiring of the source information comprises acquiring data for a source code of the CA from a binary file of the CA. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the root certificate is acquired from a binary file of the TA. 11. A device for authenticating an application in an execution environment in a trust zone, the device comprising:
a memory storing one or more instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the one or more instructions to: execute a client application (CA) in a normal world,
receive, in the normal world, a request for receiving a service of a trusted application (TA) of a secure world from the CA,
acquire, when the request is received in the normal world, source information of the CA loaded in the memory of the device,
acquire, in the normal world, first hash information from the source information,
provide, to the secure world, the first hash information together with signature information and a sub certificate included in the CA, and
authenticate, in the secure world, the CA based on the sub certificate and a root certificate of the TA,
wherein a part of the memory and a part of the at least one processor are assigned to the secure world. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the one or more instructions to download the CA including the signature information and the sub certificate from a server. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the one or more instructions to determine whether the sub certificate corresponds to the root certificate of the TA. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the one or more instructions to:
acquire second hash information from the signature information, and compare the second hash information acquired from the signature information to the first hash information acquired in the normal world. 15. The device of claim 13,
wherein the sub certificate is encrypted with a TA private key, and the at least one processor is further configured to execute the one or more instructions to:
determine whether the sub certificate corresponds to the root certificate of the TA by acquiring a TA public key from the root certificate of the TA, and
decrypting the sub certificate with the TA public key. 16. The device of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the one or more instructions to:
acquire, when the sub certificate corresponds to the root certificate of the TA, a CA public key from the sub certificate, and decrypt the signature information with the CA public key to acquire the second hash information. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the signature information is generated by encrypting the second hash information calculated from the source information of the CA with a CA private key. 18. The device of claim 16,
wherein the sub certificate includes the CA public key, and wherein the root certificate includes the TA public key. 19. The device of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the one or more instructions to acquire the source information by acquiring data for a source code of the CA from a binary file of the CA. 20. The device of claim 11, wherein the root certificate is acquired from a binary file of the TA. | A device and a method for authenticating an application in an execution environment in a trust zone are provided. The method includes executing a client application (CA) in a normal world, receiving, in the normal world, a request for receiving a service of a trusted application (TA) of a secure world from the CA, acquiring, when the request is received in the normal world, source information of the CA loaded in a memory of the device, acquiring, in the normal world, first hash information from the source information, providing, to the secure world, the first hash information together with signature information and a sub certificate included in the CA, and authenticating the CA based on the sub certificate and a root certificate of the TA in the secure world.1. A method, performed by a device, of authenticating an application in an execution environment of a trust zone, the method comprising:
executing a client application (CA) in a normal world; receiving a request for receiving, in the normal world, a service of a trusted application (TA) of a secure world from the CA; acquiring, when the request is received in the normal world, source information of the CA loaded in a memory of the device; acquiring, in the normal world, first hash information from the source information; providing, to the secure world, the first hash information together with signature information and a sub certificate included in the CA; and authenticating, in the secure world, the CA based on the sub certificate and a root certificate of the TA. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising downloading the CA including the signature information and the sub certificate from a server. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the authenticating of the CA comprises determining whether the sub certificate corresponds to the root certificate of the TA. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the authenticating of the CA further comprises:
acquiring second hash information from the signature information; and comparing the second hash information acquired from the signature information with the first hash information acquired in the normal world. 5. The method of claim 3,
wherein the sub certificate is encrypted with a TA private key, and the determining of whether the sub certificate corresponds to the root certificate of the TA comprises:
acquiring a TA public key from the root certificate of the TA; and
decrypting the sub certificate with the TA public key. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the comparing of the second hash information with the first hash information comprises:
acquiring a CA public key from the sub certificate when the sub certificate corresponds to the root certificate of the TA; and acquiring the second hash information by decrypting the signature information with the CA public key. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the signature information is generated by encrypting the second hash information calculated from the source information of the CA with a CA private key. 8. The method of claim 6,
wherein the sub certificate includes the CA public key, and wherein the root certificate includes the TA public key. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the acquiring of the source information comprises acquiring data for a source code of the CA from a binary file of the CA. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the root certificate is acquired from a binary file of the TA. 11. A device for authenticating an application in an execution environment in a trust zone, the device comprising:
a memory storing one or more instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the one or more instructions to: execute a client application (CA) in a normal world,
receive, in the normal world, a request for receiving a service of a trusted application (TA) of a secure world from the CA,
acquire, when the request is received in the normal world, source information of the CA loaded in the memory of the device,
acquire, in the normal world, first hash information from the source information,
provide, to the secure world, the first hash information together with signature information and a sub certificate included in the CA, and
authenticate, in the secure world, the CA based on the sub certificate and a root certificate of the TA,
wherein a part of the memory and a part of the at least one processor are assigned to the secure world. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the one or more instructions to download the CA including the signature information and the sub certificate from a server. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the one or more instructions to determine whether the sub certificate corresponds to the root certificate of the TA. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the one or more instructions to:
acquire second hash information from the signature information, and compare the second hash information acquired from the signature information to the first hash information acquired in the normal world. 15. The device of claim 13,
wherein the sub certificate is encrypted with a TA private key, and the at least one processor is further configured to execute the one or more instructions to:
determine whether the sub certificate corresponds to the root certificate of the TA by acquiring a TA public key from the root certificate of the TA, and
decrypting the sub certificate with the TA public key. 16. The device of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the one or more instructions to:
acquire, when the sub certificate corresponds to the root certificate of the TA, a CA public key from the sub certificate, and decrypt the signature information with the CA public key to acquire the second hash information. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the signature information is generated by encrypting the second hash information calculated from the source information of the CA with a CA private key. 18. The device of claim 16,
wherein the sub certificate includes the CA public key, and wherein the root certificate includes the TA public key. 19. The device of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to execute the one or more instructions to acquire the source information by acquiring data for a source code of the CA from a binary file of the CA. 20. The device of claim 11, wherein the root certificate is acquired from a binary file of the TA. | 2,800 |
339,319 | 16,800,171 | 2,891 | A bearing alloy according to one embodiment includes 5.5 to 10 mass % of Sn; 2 to 7 mass % of Ni; 1 to 5 mass % of Bi; 0 to 0.3 mass % of Ag; and the balance consists essentially of Cu and unavoidable impurities. | 1. An alloy for a sliding member, the alloy comprising:
5.5 to 10 mass % of Sn; 2 to 7 mass % of Ni; 1 to 5 mass % of Bi; 0 to 0.3 mass % of Ag; and the balance consisting essentially of Cu and unavoidable impurities. 2. The alloy for a sliding member according to claim 1, wherein
the area ratio of Ni—Sn intermetallic compound in the cross section is 0.4% or more. 3. The alloy for a sliding member according to claim 1, wherein
in the cross section, Bi grains having an area of 30 μm2 or more and Bi grains having an area of 5 μm2 or less coexist. 4. The alloy for a sliding member according to claim 3, wherein
the ratio of the number of Bi grains having the area of 5 μm or less to the total number of Bi grains observed in the cross section is 50% or more. 5. The alloy for a sliding member according to claim 3, wherein
in an area with a radius of 25 μm whose center is located at the center of Bi grains having an area of 30 μm2 or more, the ratio of specific Bi grains to the total number of Bi grains is 50% or more, the specific Bi grains being Bi grains having an area of 5 μ2 or less. 6. A sliding member comprising:
a lining layer formed of an alloy for a sliding member according to claim 1; and a resin coating layer or a metal plating layer formed on the lining layer. 7. An internal combustion engine comprising the sliding member according to claim 6. 8. A motor vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine according to claim 7. | A bearing alloy according to one embodiment includes 5.5 to 10 mass % of Sn; 2 to 7 mass % of Ni; 1 to 5 mass % of Bi; 0 to 0.3 mass % of Ag; and the balance consists essentially of Cu and unavoidable impurities.1. An alloy for a sliding member, the alloy comprising:
5.5 to 10 mass % of Sn; 2 to 7 mass % of Ni; 1 to 5 mass % of Bi; 0 to 0.3 mass % of Ag; and the balance consisting essentially of Cu and unavoidable impurities. 2. The alloy for a sliding member according to claim 1, wherein
the area ratio of Ni—Sn intermetallic compound in the cross section is 0.4% or more. 3. The alloy for a sliding member according to claim 1, wherein
in the cross section, Bi grains having an area of 30 μm2 or more and Bi grains having an area of 5 μm2 or less coexist. 4. The alloy for a sliding member according to claim 3, wherein
the ratio of the number of Bi grains having the area of 5 μm or less to the total number of Bi grains observed in the cross section is 50% or more. 5. The alloy for a sliding member according to claim 3, wherein
in an area with a radius of 25 μm whose center is located at the center of Bi grains having an area of 30 μm2 or more, the ratio of specific Bi grains to the total number of Bi grains is 50% or more, the specific Bi grains being Bi grains having an area of 5 μ2 or less. 6. A sliding member comprising:
a lining layer formed of an alloy for a sliding member according to claim 1; and a resin coating layer or a metal plating layer formed on the lining layer. 7. An internal combustion engine comprising the sliding member according to claim 6. 8. A motor vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine according to claim 7. | 2,800 |
339,320 | 16,800,192 | 2,891 | A method of monitoring a dicing tape tension is described. The method includes acquiring tension data indicative of the dicing tape tension by automated optical inspection of a dicing tape. | 1. A method of monitoring a dicing tape tension, the method comprising:
acquiring tension data indicative of the dicing tape tension by automated optical inspection of a dicing tape. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the tension data for the dicing tape in a database, the database being configured to link the tension data to a wafer identifier of the wafer which is diced on the dicing tape. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the tension data comprises:
illuminating the dicing tape with light; acquiring at least a partial image of the dicing tape; and performing automated image analysis to measure a quantity indicative of a length dimension of the dicing tape and/or a tension distribution of the dicing tape. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein performing automated image analysis to measure the quantity indicative of the length dimension of the dicing tape comprises:
detecting a visual feature of the dicing tape; detecting a visual feature of a frame on which the dicing tape is laminated; and measuring a distance between the visual feature of the dicing tape and the visual feature of the frame. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein performing automated image analysis to measure the quantity indicative of the length dimension of the dicing tape comprises:
detecting a first visual feature of the dicing tape; detecting a second visual feature of the dicing tape; and measuring a distance between the first visual feature of the dicing tape and the second visual feature of the dicing tape. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
evaluating the tension data to derive a dicing tape tension quality measure for the dicing tape. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein evaluating the tension data comprises:
comparing the tension data with a predetermined tension threshold; and setting the dicing tape tension quality measure based on the comparison. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
updating a parameter controlling the dicing tape tension of a dicing tape actually laminated on a frame based on the dicing tape tension quality measure of one or more preceding dicing tapes. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
stopping a process of mounting wafers on dicing tapes based on the dicing tape tension quality measure of one or more preceding dicing tapes. 10. A device for monitoring a dicing tape tension, the device comprising:
an optical sensor configured to acquire tension data indicative of the dicing tape tension by automated optical inspection of a dicing tape. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the optical sensor comprises:
a light source for illuminating the dicing tape with light; and a camera for acquiring at least a partial image of the dicing tape. 12. The device of claim 10, further comprising:
an automated image analyzer configured to measure a quantity indicative of a length dimension of the dicing tape and/or a tension distribution of the dicing tape. 13. The device of claim 10, further comprising:
data storage configured to store the tension data for the dicing tape in a database, the database being configured to link the tension data to a wafer identifier of the wafer which is diced on the dicing tape. 14. The device of claim 10, further comprising:
a data processor configured to evaluate the tension data to derive a dicing tape tension quality measure for the dicing tape. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the data processor is further configured to update a parameter controlling the dicing tape tension of a dicing tape actually laminated on a frame based on the dicing tape tension quality measure of one or more preceding dicing tapes. 16. The device of claim 14, wherein the data processor is further configured to stop a process of mounting wafers on dicing tapes based on the dicing tape tension quality measure of one or more preceding dicing tapes. 17. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a computer program operable to monitor a dicing tape tension, the computer program comprising:
program instructions to acquire tension data indicative of the dicing tape tension by automated optical inspection of a dicing tape. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, further comprising:
program instructions to store the tension data for the dicing tape in a database, the database being configured to link the tension data to a wafer identifier of the wafer which is diced on the dicing tape. 19. The computer program product of claim 17, further comprising:
program instructions to update a parameter controlling the dicing tape tension of a dicing tape actually laminated on a frame based on the dicing tape tension quality measure of one or more preceding dicing tapes. 20. The computer program product of claim 17, further comprising:
program instructions to stop a process of mounting wafers on dicing tapes based on the dicing tape tension quality measure of one or more preceding dicing tapes. | A method of monitoring a dicing tape tension is described. The method includes acquiring tension data indicative of the dicing tape tension by automated optical inspection of a dicing tape.1. A method of monitoring a dicing tape tension, the method comprising:
acquiring tension data indicative of the dicing tape tension by automated optical inspection of a dicing tape. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the tension data for the dicing tape in a database, the database being configured to link the tension data to a wafer identifier of the wafer which is diced on the dicing tape. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the tension data comprises:
illuminating the dicing tape with light; acquiring at least a partial image of the dicing tape; and performing automated image analysis to measure a quantity indicative of a length dimension of the dicing tape and/or a tension distribution of the dicing tape. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein performing automated image analysis to measure the quantity indicative of the length dimension of the dicing tape comprises:
detecting a visual feature of the dicing tape; detecting a visual feature of a frame on which the dicing tape is laminated; and measuring a distance between the visual feature of the dicing tape and the visual feature of the frame. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein performing automated image analysis to measure the quantity indicative of the length dimension of the dicing tape comprises:
detecting a first visual feature of the dicing tape; detecting a second visual feature of the dicing tape; and measuring a distance between the first visual feature of the dicing tape and the second visual feature of the dicing tape. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
evaluating the tension data to derive a dicing tape tension quality measure for the dicing tape. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein evaluating the tension data comprises:
comparing the tension data with a predetermined tension threshold; and setting the dicing tape tension quality measure based on the comparison. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
updating a parameter controlling the dicing tape tension of a dicing tape actually laminated on a frame based on the dicing tape tension quality measure of one or more preceding dicing tapes. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
stopping a process of mounting wafers on dicing tapes based on the dicing tape tension quality measure of one or more preceding dicing tapes. 10. A device for monitoring a dicing tape tension, the device comprising:
an optical sensor configured to acquire tension data indicative of the dicing tape tension by automated optical inspection of a dicing tape. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the optical sensor comprises:
a light source for illuminating the dicing tape with light; and a camera for acquiring at least a partial image of the dicing tape. 12. The device of claim 10, further comprising:
an automated image analyzer configured to measure a quantity indicative of a length dimension of the dicing tape and/or a tension distribution of the dicing tape. 13. The device of claim 10, further comprising:
data storage configured to store the tension data for the dicing tape in a database, the database being configured to link the tension data to a wafer identifier of the wafer which is diced on the dicing tape. 14. The device of claim 10, further comprising:
a data processor configured to evaluate the tension data to derive a dicing tape tension quality measure for the dicing tape. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the data processor is further configured to update a parameter controlling the dicing tape tension of a dicing tape actually laminated on a frame based on the dicing tape tension quality measure of one or more preceding dicing tapes. 16. The device of claim 14, wherein the data processor is further configured to stop a process of mounting wafers on dicing tapes based on the dicing tape tension quality measure of one or more preceding dicing tapes. 17. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a computer program operable to monitor a dicing tape tension, the computer program comprising:
program instructions to acquire tension data indicative of the dicing tape tension by automated optical inspection of a dicing tape. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, further comprising:
program instructions to store the tension data for the dicing tape in a database, the database being configured to link the tension data to a wafer identifier of the wafer which is diced on the dicing tape. 19. The computer program product of claim 17, further comprising:
program instructions to update a parameter controlling the dicing tape tension of a dicing tape actually laminated on a frame based on the dicing tape tension quality measure of one or more preceding dicing tapes. 20. The computer program product of claim 17, further comprising:
program instructions to stop a process of mounting wafers on dicing tapes based on the dicing tape tension quality measure of one or more preceding dicing tapes. | 2,800 |
339,321 | 16,800,158 | 2,891 | An article of footwear including a sole system, including an upper and the sole system. The sole system includes a knitted component incorporating a one-piece knit outsole. The knit outsole has a ground-facing side, a top side, an inlaid tensile element, and a ground-engaging cleat member protruding from the ground-facing side of the knit outsole. The tensile element may be adjacent a cleat member. The upper is connected at its bottom to the top side of the knit outsole. | 1. A sole system for an article of footwear, the sole system including:
a knitted component incorporating a knit outsole with a plurality of knitted courses that extend in a coursewise direction, wherein the knit outsole has a bottom side, and a top side opposite the bottom side; a ground-engaging cleat member protruding from the bottom side of the knit outsole; and a tensile element having an inlaid strand that is inlaid in the coursewise direction within at least one course of the knit outsole such that the inlaid strand extends in a longitudinal direction, wherein the longitudinal direction extends from a heel region to a toe region of the sole system. 2. The sole system of claim 1, wherein the inlaid strand of the tensile element extends from the heel region to the toe region of the sole system. 3. The sole system of claim 1, wherein the inlaid strand of the tensile element extends between at least two of the ground-engaging cleat members. 4. The sole system of claim 1, wherein the tensile element is at least partially exposed on the bottom side of the knit outsole. 5. An article of footwear including a sole system, the article of footwear includes an upper and the sole system connected thereto;
the upper having a bottom; the sole system including: a knitted component incorporating a knit outsole, wherein the knit outsole has a bottom side with a bottom surface, and a top side; and a plurality of ground-engaging cleat members protruding from the bottom side of the knit outsole; and at least one tensile element having at least one strand that is inlaid in a coursewise direction within a knitted course of the knitted component such that it extends along the length of the knitted course, and such that it extends between at least two adjacent loops of the knitted course, wherein the top side of the knit outsole and the bottom of the upper are affixed. 6. The sole system of claim 5, wherein the strand of the tensile element extends from a heel region to a toe region of the sole system. 7. The sole system of claim 5, wherein the strand of the tensile element extends between at least two of the ground-engaging cleat members. 8. The sole system of claim 5, wherein the tensile element is at least partially exposed on the bottom side of the knit outsole. 9. A sole system for an article of footwear, the sole system comprising:
a knit outsole having an inlaid tensile element with a first portion inlaid within a first course and a second portion inlaid within a different second course; and the knit outsole having a bottom side, and a top side; and wherein the bottom side of the outsole includes a cleat member that is located between the first portion and the second portion of the inlaid tensile element. 10. The sole system of claim 9, wherein the inlaid tensile element is inlaid longitudinally within the knit outsole and extends in a coursewise direction. 11. The sole system of claim 9, wherein the tensile element extends between at least two of the ground-engaging cleat members. 12. The sole system of claim 9, wherein the tensile element is at least partially exposed on the bottom side of the knit outsole. 13. The sole system of claim 9, wherein the first portion and the second portion of the inlaid tensile element are formed from a continuous strand. 14. The sole system of claim 1, wherein the ground-engaging cleat member is reinforced. 15. The sole system of claim 5, wherein the knit outsole comprises fusible yarn. 16. The sole system of claim 15, wherein the knitted component further comprises a second yarn being different than the fusible yarn. 17. The sole system of claim 5, wherein at least one ground-engaging cleat member is reinforced. 18. The sole system of claim 9, wherein the knit outsole comprises fusible yarn. 19. The sole system of claim 9, wherein at least one ground-engaging cleat member is reinforced. | An article of footwear including a sole system, including an upper and the sole system. The sole system includes a knitted component incorporating a one-piece knit outsole. The knit outsole has a ground-facing side, a top side, an inlaid tensile element, and a ground-engaging cleat member protruding from the ground-facing side of the knit outsole. The tensile element may be adjacent a cleat member. The upper is connected at its bottom to the top side of the knit outsole.1. A sole system for an article of footwear, the sole system including:
a knitted component incorporating a knit outsole with a plurality of knitted courses that extend in a coursewise direction, wherein the knit outsole has a bottom side, and a top side opposite the bottom side; a ground-engaging cleat member protruding from the bottom side of the knit outsole; and a tensile element having an inlaid strand that is inlaid in the coursewise direction within at least one course of the knit outsole such that the inlaid strand extends in a longitudinal direction, wherein the longitudinal direction extends from a heel region to a toe region of the sole system. 2. The sole system of claim 1, wherein the inlaid strand of the tensile element extends from the heel region to the toe region of the sole system. 3. The sole system of claim 1, wherein the inlaid strand of the tensile element extends between at least two of the ground-engaging cleat members. 4. The sole system of claim 1, wherein the tensile element is at least partially exposed on the bottom side of the knit outsole. 5. An article of footwear including a sole system, the article of footwear includes an upper and the sole system connected thereto;
the upper having a bottom; the sole system including: a knitted component incorporating a knit outsole, wherein the knit outsole has a bottom side with a bottom surface, and a top side; and a plurality of ground-engaging cleat members protruding from the bottom side of the knit outsole; and at least one tensile element having at least one strand that is inlaid in a coursewise direction within a knitted course of the knitted component such that it extends along the length of the knitted course, and such that it extends between at least two adjacent loops of the knitted course, wherein the top side of the knit outsole and the bottom of the upper are affixed. 6. The sole system of claim 5, wherein the strand of the tensile element extends from a heel region to a toe region of the sole system. 7. The sole system of claim 5, wherein the strand of the tensile element extends between at least two of the ground-engaging cleat members. 8. The sole system of claim 5, wherein the tensile element is at least partially exposed on the bottom side of the knit outsole. 9. A sole system for an article of footwear, the sole system comprising:
a knit outsole having an inlaid tensile element with a first portion inlaid within a first course and a second portion inlaid within a different second course; and the knit outsole having a bottom side, and a top side; and wherein the bottom side of the outsole includes a cleat member that is located between the first portion and the second portion of the inlaid tensile element. 10. The sole system of claim 9, wherein the inlaid tensile element is inlaid longitudinally within the knit outsole and extends in a coursewise direction. 11. The sole system of claim 9, wherein the tensile element extends between at least two of the ground-engaging cleat members. 12. The sole system of claim 9, wherein the tensile element is at least partially exposed on the bottom side of the knit outsole. 13. The sole system of claim 9, wherein the first portion and the second portion of the inlaid tensile element are formed from a continuous strand. 14. The sole system of claim 1, wherein the ground-engaging cleat member is reinforced. 15. The sole system of claim 5, wherein the knit outsole comprises fusible yarn. 16. The sole system of claim 15, wherein the knitted component further comprises a second yarn being different than the fusible yarn. 17. The sole system of claim 5, wherein at least one ground-engaging cleat member is reinforced. 18. The sole system of claim 9, wherein the knit outsole comprises fusible yarn. 19. The sole system of claim 9, wherein at least one ground-engaging cleat member is reinforced. | 2,800 |
339,322 | 16,800,225 | 2,891 | An example memory sub-system includes a memory device and a processing device, operatively coupled to the memory device. The processing device is configured to maintain a logical-to-physical (L2P) table, wherein a region of the L2P table is cached in a volatile memory; maintain a write count reflecting a number of bytes written to the memory device; maintain a cache miss count reflecting a number of cache misses with respect to a cache of the L2P table; responsive to determining that a value of a predetermined function of the write count and the cache miss count exceeds a threshold value, copy the region of the L2P table to a non-volatile memory. | 1. A system comprising:
a memory device; and a processing device, operatively coupled to the memory device, the processing device to: maintain a logical-to-physical (L2P) table, wherein a region of the L2P table is cached in a volatile memory; maintain a write count reflecting a number of bytes written to the memory device; maintain a cache miss count reflecting a number of cache misses with respect to a cache of the L2P table; responsive to determining that a value of a predetermined function of the write count and the cache miss count exceeds a threshold value, copy the region of the L2P table to a non-volatile memory. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
store, in the non-volatile memory, a metadata page associated with the region of the L2P table. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the write count is a sum of a first number of bytes written by a host to the memory device and a second number of bytes written by a garbage collector (GC) process to the memory device. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
reconstruct the L2P table after an asynchronous power loss (APL) event. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
maintain an L2P journal comprising a plurality of L2P journal entries, wherein each L2P journal entry reflects an update operation with respect to the L2P table. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the threshold value is calculated to keep a reconstruction time of the L2P table below a specified time threshold. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the threshold value is calculated to keep a write amplification (WA) rate of the memory device below a specified WA threshold. 8. A method comprising:
maintaining, by a controller managing a memory device, a logical-to-physical (L2P) table, wherein a region of the L2P table is cached in a volatile memory; maintaining a write count reflecting a number of bytes written to the memory device; maintaining a cache miss count reflecting a number of cache misses with respect to a cache of the L2P table; responsive to determining that a value of a predetermined function of the write count and the cache miss count exceeds a threshold value, copying the region of the L2P table to a non-volatile memory. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
storing, in the non-volatile memory, a metadata page associated with the region of the L2P table. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the write count is a sum of a first number of bytes written by a host to the memory device and a second number of bytes written by a garbage collector (GC) process to the memory device. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
reconstructing the L2P table after an asynchronous power loss (APL) event. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
maintaining an L2P journal comprising a plurality of L2P journal entries, wherein each L2P journal entry reflects an update operation with respect to the L2P table. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the threshold value is calculated to keep a reconstruction time of the L2P table below a specified time threshold. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the threshold value is calculated to keep a write amplification (WA) rate of the memory device below a specified WA threshold. 15. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
maintain a logical-to-physical (L2P) table, wherein a region of the L2P table is cached in a volatile memory; maintain a write count reflecting a number of bytes written to the memory device; maintain a cache miss count reflecting a number of cache misses with respect to a cache of the L2P table; responsive to determining that a value of a predetermined function of the write count and the cache miss count exceeds a threshold value, copy the region of the L2P table to a non-volatile memory. 16. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, further comprising executable instructions that, when executed by the processing device, cause the processing device to:
store, in the non-volatile memory, a metadata page associated with the region of the L2P table. 17. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein the write count is a sum of a first number of bytes written by a host to the memory device and a second number of bytes written by a garbage collector (GC) process to the memory device. 18. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, further comprising executable instructions that, when executed by the processing device, cause the processing device to:
reconstruct the L2P table after an asynchronous power loss (APL) event. 19. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
maintain an L2P journal comprising a plurality of L2P journal entries, wherein each L2P journal entry reflects an update operation with respect to the L2P table. 20. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein the threshold value is calculated to keep, below a specified threshold, one of: a reconstruction time or a write amplification (WA) rate of the memory device. | An example memory sub-system includes a memory device and a processing device, operatively coupled to the memory device. The processing device is configured to maintain a logical-to-physical (L2P) table, wherein a region of the L2P table is cached in a volatile memory; maintain a write count reflecting a number of bytes written to the memory device; maintain a cache miss count reflecting a number of cache misses with respect to a cache of the L2P table; responsive to determining that a value of a predetermined function of the write count and the cache miss count exceeds a threshold value, copy the region of the L2P table to a non-volatile memory.1. A system comprising:
a memory device; and a processing device, operatively coupled to the memory device, the processing device to: maintain a logical-to-physical (L2P) table, wherein a region of the L2P table is cached in a volatile memory; maintain a write count reflecting a number of bytes written to the memory device; maintain a cache miss count reflecting a number of cache misses with respect to a cache of the L2P table; responsive to determining that a value of a predetermined function of the write count and the cache miss count exceeds a threshold value, copy the region of the L2P table to a non-volatile memory. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
store, in the non-volatile memory, a metadata page associated with the region of the L2P table. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the write count is a sum of a first number of bytes written by a host to the memory device and a second number of bytes written by a garbage collector (GC) process to the memory device. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
reconstruct the L2P table after an asynchronous power loss (APL) event. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
maintain an L2P journal comprising a plurality of L2P journal entries, wherein each L2P journal entry reflects an update operation with respect to the L2P table. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the threshold value is calculated to keep a reconstruction time of the L2P table below a specified time threshold. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the threshold value is calculated to keep a write amplification (WA) rate of the memory device below a specified WA threshold. 8. A method comprising:
maintaining, by a controller managing a memory device, a logical-to-physical (L2P) table, wherein a region of the L2P table is cached in a volatile memory; maintaining a write count reflecting a number of bytes written to the memory device; maintaining a cache miss count reflecting a number of cache misses with respect to a cache of the L2P table; responsive to determining that a value of a predetermined function of the write count and the cache miss count exceeds a threshold value, copying the region of the L2P table to a non-volatile memory. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
storing, in the non-volatile memory, a metadata page associated with the region of the L2P table. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the write count is a sum of a first number of bytes written by a host to the memory device and a second number of bytes written by a garbage collector (GC) process to the memory device. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
reconstructing the L2P table after an asynchronous power loss (APL) event. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
maintaining an L2P journal comprising a plurality of L2P journal entries, wherein each L2P journal entry reflects an update operation with respect to the L2P table. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the threshold value is calculated to keep a reconstruction time of the L2P table below a specified time threshold. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the threshold value is calculated to keep a write amplification (WA) rate of the memory device below a specified WA threshold. 15. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to:
maintain a logical-to-physical (L2P) table, wherein a region of the L2P table is cached in a volatile memory; maintain a write count reflecting a number of bytes written to the memory device; maintain a cache miss count reflecting a number of cache misses with respect to a cache of the L2P table; responsive to determining that a value of a predetermined function of the write count and the cache miss count exceeds a threshold value, copy the region of the L2P table to a non-volatile memory. 16. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, further comprising executable instructions that, when executed by the processing device, cause the processing device to:
store, in the non-volatile memory, a metadata page associated with the region of the L2P table. 17. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein the write count is a sum of a first number of bytes written by a host to the memory device and a second number of bytes written by a garbage collector (GC) process to the memory device. 18. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, further comprising executable instructions that, when executed by the processing device, cause the processing device to:
reconstruct the L2P table after an asynchronous power loss (APL) event. 19. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein the processing device is further to:
maintain an L2P journal comprising a plurality of L2P journal entries, wherein each L2P journal entry reflects an update operation with respect to the L2P table. 20. The computer-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein the threshold value is calculated to keep, below a specified threshold, one of: a reconstruction time or a write amplification (WA) rate of the memory device. | 2,800 |
339,323 | 16,800,238 | 2,891 | A method and system of training a machine learning neural network (MLNN) in monitoring anatomical positioning causing bodily pressure ulcers (BPUs). The method comprises receiving, in a first input layer of the MLNN, from a millimeter wave (mmWave) radar sensing device, mmWave radar point cloud data representing anatomical positions of the medical patient in association with corresponding durations; receiving, in at least a second layer of the MLNN, attendant attribute data for the durations, the first and the at least a second input layers being interconnected with an output layer of the MLNN via at least one intermediate layer; training a MLNN classifier in accordance with a supervised classification that establishes a correlation between a likelihood of formation of BPUs with the mmWave point cloud data and attendant attribute data; and adjusting the initial matrix of weights by backpropagation to increase correlation with the likelihood of formation of BPUs as generated at the output layer. | 1. A method of training a machine learning neural network (MLNN) in monitoring anatomical positioning causing bodily pressure ulcers (BPUs) of a medical patient, the method performed in one or more processors and comprising:
receiving, in a first input layer of the MLNN, from a millimeter wave (mmWave) radar sensing device, mmWave radar point cloud data representing a set of anatomical positions of the medical patient in association with a corresponding set of durations; receiving, in at least a second layer of the MLNN, attendant attribute data for the corresponding set of durations, the first and the at least a second input layers being interconnected with an output layer of the MLNN via at least one intermediate layer, the at least one intermediate layer configured in accordance with an initial matrix of weights, the first, at least a second, intermediate and output layers of the MLNN being implemented, using the one or more processors, in a memory of the computing device; training a MLNN classifier in accordance with a supervised classification that establishes a correlation between a likelihood of formation of BPUs as generated at the output layer with the mmWave point cloud data and the attendant attribute data; and adjusting the initial matrix of weights by backpropagation thereby to increase the correlation with the likelihood of formation of BPUs as generated at the output layer. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the backpropogation comprises recursively adjusting the initial matrix of weights in diminishment of an error matrix calculated at the output layer thereby to increase the correlation with the likelihood of BPUs. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the mmWave radar point cloud data includes bodily pressure points data relative to a patient support platform between changes in successive ones of the set of anatomical positions in accordance with the corresponding set of durations. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the attendant attribute data comprises at least one of patient specific data and environmental attribute data pertaining to the corresponding set of durations. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the patient specific data includes at least one of a patient age, weight, blood pressure, height, sex, and pulse rate. 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the environmental attribute data comprises at least one of a temperature measurement, a humidity measurement, and a category of physical infrastructure in which the medical patient is located. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the mmWave radar sensing device comprises a 60 GHz mmWave radar sensing device. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising deploying the trained MLNN classifier upon establishing the correlation with the likelihood of formation of BPUs exceeds a 90 percent threshold value. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising deploying the trained MLNN classifier upon receiving, in real time from an edge computing device, subsequent mmWave point cloud data at the first input layer and attendant attribute data received in the at least a second input layer, the edge computing device providing a privacy-centric deployment system associated with the subsequent medical patient. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising generating, at the output layer, a likelihood of formation of pressure ulcers for the subsequent medical patient. 11. A computing system comprising:
one or more processors; a memory storing a set of instructions, the instructions when executed in the one or more processors causing operations comprising: 12. The computing system of claim 11 wherein the backpropogation comprises recursively adjusting the initial matrix of weights in diminishment of an error matrix calculated at the output layer thereby to increase the correlation with the likelihood of BPUs. 13. The computing system of claim 11 wherein the mmWave radar point cloud data includes bodily pressure points data relative to a patient support platform between changes in successive ones of the set of anatomical positions in accordance with the corresponding set of durations. 14. The computing system of claim 13 wherein the attendant attribute data comprises at least one of patient specific data and environmental attribute data pertaining to the corresponding set of durations. 15. The computing system of claim 14 wherein the patient specific data includes at least one of a patient age, weight, blood pressure, height, sex, and pulse rate. 16. The computing system of claim 14 wherein the environmental attribute data comprises at least one of a temperature measurement, a humidity measurement, and a category of physical infrastructure in which the medical patient is located. 17. The computing system of claim 11 wherein the mmWave radar sensing device comprises a 60 GHz mmWave radar sensing device. 18. The computing system of claim 11 further comprising deploying the trained MLNN classifier upon establishing the correlation with the likelihood of formation of BPUs exceeds a 90 percent threshold value. 19. The computing system of claim 18 further comprising deploying the trained MLNN classifier upon receiving, in real time from an edge computing device, subsequent mmWave point cloud data at the first input layer and attendant attribute data received in the at least a second input layer, the edge computing device providing a privacy-centric deployment system associated with the subsequent medical patient. 20. The computing system of claim 19 further comprising generating, at the output layer, a likelihood of formation of pressure ulcers for the subsequent medical patient. | A method and system of training a machine learning neural network (MLNN) in monitoring anatomical positioning causing bodily pressure ulcers (BPUs). The method comprises receiving, in a first input layer of the MLNN, from a millimeter wave (mmWave) radar sensing device, mmWave radar point cloud data representing anatomical positions of the medical patient in association with corresponding durations; receiving, in at least a second layer of the MLNN, attendant attribute data for the durations, the first and the at least a second input layers being interconnected with an output layer of the MLNN via at least one intermediate layer; training a MLNN classifier in accordance with a supervised classification that establishes a correlation between a likelihood of formation of BPUs with the mmWave point cloud data and attendant attribute data; and adjusting the initial matrix of weights by backpropagation to increase correlation with the likelihood of formation of BPUs as generated at the output layer.1. A method of training a machine learning neural network (MLNN) in monitoring anatomical positioning causing bodily pressure ulcers (BPUs) of a medical patient, the method performed in one or more processors and comprising:
receiving, in a first input layer of the MLNN, from a millimeter wave (mmWave) radar sensing device, mmWave radar point cloud data representing a set of anatomical positions of the medical patient in association with a corresponding set of durations; receiving, in at least a second layer of the MLNN, attendant attribute data for the corresponding set of durations, the first and the at least a second input layers being interconnected with an output layer of the MLNN via at least one intermediate layer, the at least one intermediate layer configured in accordance with an initial matrix of weights, the first, at least a second, intermediate and output layers of the MLNN being implemented, using the one or more processors, in a memory of the computing device; training a MLNN classifier in accordance with a supervised classification that establishes a correlation between a likelihood of formation of BPUs as generated at the output layer with the mmWave point cloud data and the attendant attribute data; and adjusting the initial matrix of weights by backpropagation thereby to increase the correlation with the likelihood of formation of BPUs as generated at the output layer. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the backpropogation comprises recursively adjusting the initial matrix of weights in diminishment of an error matrix calculated at the output layer thereby to increase the correlation with the likelihood of BPUs. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the mmWave radar point cloud data includes bodily pressure points data relative to a patient support platform between changes in successive ones of the set of anatomical positions in accordance with the corresponding set of durations. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the attendant attribute data comprises at least one of patient specific data and environmental attribute data pertaining to the corresponding set of durations. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the patient specific data includes at least one of a patient age, weight, blood pressure, height, sex, and pulse rate. 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the environmental attribute data comprises at least one of a temperature measurement, a humidity measurement, and a category of physical infrastructure in which the medical patient is located. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the mmWave radar sensing device comprises a 60 GHz mmWave radar sensing device. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising deploying the trained MLNN classifier upon establishing the correlation with the likelihood of formation of BPUs exceeds a 90 percent threshold value. 9. The method of claim 1 further comprising deploying the trained MLNN classifier upon receiving, in real time from an edge computing device, subsequent mmWave point cloud data at the first input layer and attendant attribute data received in the at least a second input layer, the edge computing device providing a privacy-centric deployment system associated with the subsequent medical patient. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising generating, at the output layer, a likelihood of formation of pressure ulcers for the subsequent medical patient. 11. A computing system comprising:
one or more processors; a memory storing a set of instructions, the instructions when executed in the one or more processors causing operations comprising: 12. The computing system of claim 11 wherein the backpropogation comprises recursively adjusting the initial matrix of weights in diminishment of an error matrix calculated at the output layer thereby to increase the correlation with the likelihood of BPUs. 13. The computing system of claim 11 wherein the mmWave radar point cloud data includes bodily pressure points data relative to a patient support platform between changes in successive ones of the set of anatomical positions in accordance with the corresponding set of durations. 14. The computing system of claim 13 wherein the attendant attribute data comprises at least one of patient specific data and environmental attribute data pertaining to the corresponding set of durations. 15. The computing system of claim 14 wherein the patient specific data includes at least one of a patient age, weight, blood pressure, height, sex, and pulse rate. 16. The computing system of claim 14 wherein the environmental attribute data comprises at least one of a temperature measurement, a humidity measurement, and a category of physical infrastructure in which the medical patient is located. 17. The computing system of claim 11 wherein the mmWave radar sensing device comprises a 60 GHz mmWave radar sensing device. 18. The computing system of claim 11 further comprising deploying the trained MLNN classifier upon establishing the correlation with the likelihood of formation of BPUs exceeds a 90 percent threshold value. 19. The computing system of claim 18 further comprising deploying the trained MLNN classifier upon receiving, in real time from an edge computing device, subsequent mmWave point cloud data at the first input layer and attendant attribute data received in the at least a second input layer, the edge computing device providing a privacy-centric deployment system associated with the subsequent medical patient. 20. The computing system of claim 19 further comprising generating, at the output layer, a likelihood of formation of pressure ulcers for the subsequent medical patient. | 2,800 |
339,324 | 16,800,249 | 2,891 | An evaluating apparatus is provided with: a first acquirer configured to obtain a feature value indicating driving behavior of a driver; a classifier configured to classify a plurality of feature values obtained from a plurality of drivers, into a plurality of groups; a second acquirer configured to obtain the feature value that is representative in each of the plurality of groups, as a representative feature value; a ranking device configured to give a rank corresponding to a driving carefulness degree, to each of the plurality of groups, on the basis of the representative feature value; and a determinator configured to determine a driver type corresponding to the driving carefulness degree of the driver, on the basis of a rank of a group into which the feature value of the driver is classified. | 1. An evaluating apparatus comprising;
a first acquirer configured to obtain a feature value indicating driving behavior of a driver, from driving data of a vehicle in a risk section in which it is evaluated on the basis of surrounding information that there is a risk; a classifier configured to classify a plurality of feature values obtained from a plurality of drivers, into a plurality of groups, on the basis of a similarity degree of the driving behavior, which is indicated by each of the plurality of feature values; a second acquirer configured to obtain the feature value that is representative in each of the plurality of groups, as a representative feature value; a ranking device configured to give a rank corresponding to a driving carefulness degree, to each of the plurality of groups, on the basis of the representative feature value; and a determinator configured to determine a driver type corresponding to the driving carefulness degree of the driver, on the basis of a rank of a group into which the feature value of the driver is classified. 2. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said determinator includes; (i) a first type determinator configured to determine a driver type according to the point, which is the driver type of one driver in one risk section, on the basis of a rank of a group into which a location feature value, which is the feature value of the one driver in the one section, is classified; and (ii) a second type determinator configured to determine the driver type of the one driver, on the basis of the driver types according to the point of the one driver in a plurality of risk sections. 3. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein if a plurality of location feature values are obtained by said first acquirer and if the plurality of location feature values are classified by said classifier into respective different groups, the first type determinator is configured to determine the driver type according to the point of the one driver in the one risk section, on the basis of a rank of a group into which the plurality of location feature values are classified most frequently. 4. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein if a plurality of location feature values are obtained by said first acquirer and if the plurality of location feature values are classified by said classifier into respective different groups, the first type determinator is configured to determine the driver type according to the point of the one driver in the one risk section, on the basis of a score obtained by performing weighting on each of the groups into which the plurality of location feature values are classified, in such a manner that the location feature value that is obtained more lately on a time-series has a larger weight. 5. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein if different driver types according to the point are determined in a plurality of risk sections for the one driver, the second type determinator is configured to determine the driver type according to the point that is most frequently determined, to be the driver type of the one driver. 6. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the representative feature value is an average value of the plurality of feature values, which are classified into each of the plurality of groups. 7. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an extractor configured to extract an unknown risk in a section in which it is evaluated on the basis of the surrounding information that there is no risk, on the basis of the driving data corresponding to a driver of at least one driver type with a driving carefulness degree that is higher than those of other driver types. 8. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a calculator configured to calculate a risk value indicating an extent of a risk in the risk section, on the basis of the driving data corresponding to a driver of the driver type in which the driving carefulness degree is at least intermediate. 9. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a calculator configured to calculate a risk value indicating an extent of a risk in the risk section, on the basis of the driving data corresponding to a driver of the driver type which is the same as that of a predetermined driver model. | An evaluating apparatus is provided with: a first acquirer configured to obtain a feature value indicating driving behavior of a driver; a classifier configured to classify a plurality of feature values obtained from a plurality of drivers, into a plurality of groups; a second acquirer configured to obtain the feature value that is representative in each of the plurality of groups, as a representative feature value; a ranking device configured to give a rank corresponding to a driving carefulness degree, to each of the plurality of groups, on the basis of the representative feature value; and a determinator configured to determine a driver type corresponding to the driving carefulness degree of the driver, on the basis of a rank of a group into which the feature value of the driver is classified.1. An evaluating apparatus comprising;
a first acquirer configured to obtain a feature value indicating driving behavior of a driver, from driving data of a vehicle in a risk section in which it is evaluated on the basis of surrounding information that there is a risk; a classifier configured to classify a plurality of feature values obtained from a plurality of drivers, into a plurality of groups, on the basis of a similarity degree of the driving behavior, which is indicated by each of the plurality of feature values; a second acquirer configured to obtain the feature value that is representative in each of the plurality of groups, as a representative feature value; a ranking device configured to give a rank corresponding to a driving carefulness degree, to each of the plurality of groups, on the basis of the representative feature value; and a determinator configured to determine a driver type corresponding to the driving carefulness degree of the driver, on the basis of a rank of a group into which the feature value of the driver is classified. 2. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said determinator includes; (i) a first type determinator configured to determine a driver type according to the point, which is the driver type of one driver in one risk section, on the basis of a rank of a group into which a location feature value, which is the feature value of the one driver in the one section, is classified; and (ii) a second type determinator configured to determine the driver type of the one driver, on the basis of the driver types according to the point of the one driver in a plurality of risk sections. 3. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein if a plurality of location feature values are obtained by said first acquirer and if the plurality of location feature values are classified by said classifier into respective different groups, the first type determinator is configured to determine the driver type according to the point of the one driver in the one risk section, on the basis of a rank of a group into which the plurality of location feature values are classified most frequently. 4. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein if a plurality of location feature values are obtained by said first acquirer and if the plurality of location feature values are classified by said classifier into respective different groups, the first type determinator is configured to determine the driver type according to the point of the one driver in the one risk section, on the basis of a score obtained by performing weighting on each of the groups into which the plurality of location feature values are classified, in such a manner that the location feature value that is obtained more lately on a time-series has a larger weight. 5. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein if different driver types according to the point are determined in a plurality of risk sections for the one driver, the second type determinator is configured to determine the driver type according to the point that is most frequently determined, to be the driver type of the one driver. 6. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the representative feature value is an average value of the plurality of feature values, which are classified into each of the plurality of groups. 7. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an extractor configured to extract an unknown risk in a section in which it is evaluated on the basis of the surrounding information that there is no risk, on the basis of the driving data corresponding to a driver of at least one driver type with a driving carefulness degree that is higher than those of other driver types. 8. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a calculator configured to calculate a risk value indicating an extent of a risk in the risk section, on the basis of the driving data corresponding to a driver of the driver type in which the driving carefulness degree is at least intermediate. 9. The evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a calculator configured to calculate a risk value indicating an extent of a risk in the risk section, on the basis of the driving data corresponding to a driver of the driver type which is the same as that of a predetermined driver model. | 2,800 |
339,325 | 16,800,236 | 2,891 | A toner including a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation comprising at least one medium silica surface additive; at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (a) a titanium dioxide surface additive; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica; or (b) a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica; and wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. | 1. A toner comprising:
a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation comprising: at least one medium silica surface additive having an average primary particle diameter of 30 to 50 nanometers, the at least one medium silica provided at a surface area coverage of 40 to 100 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive having an average primary particle diameter of 75 to 120 nanometers, the at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive provided at a surface area coverage of 5 to 29 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is:
(a) a titanium dioxide surface additive having an average primary particle size of 15 to 40 nanometers, the titanium dioxide present in an amount of less than or equal to 1 part per hundred based on 100 parts of the parent toner particles; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica having an average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; or
(b) a non-titanium dioxide positive charging surface metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide additive has an average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica having an average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and
wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. 2. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises two or more medium silicas, and wherein the two or more medium silicas comprise surface-treated medium silicas selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silane treated silica, a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 3. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises a first medium silica that is an alkyl silane treated silica and a second medium silica that is a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica. 4. The toner of claim 1, where the at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive is a copolymer comprising:
a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8; a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups, wherein the second monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of from greater than about 8 percent by weight to about 60 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; and optionally, a third monomer comprising an amine, wherein the third monomer is present in an amount of from about 0.5 percent by weight to about 5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer. 5. The toner of claim 4, wherein the first monomer of the copolymer comprises an aliphatic cycloacrylate selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl methacrylate, cyclopropyl acrylate, cyclobutyl acrylate, cyclopentyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclopropyl methacrylate, cyclobutyl methacrylate, cyclopentyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof;
wherein the second monomer of the copolymer comprises a member of the group consisting of diethyleneglycol diacrylate, triethyleneglycol diacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol diacrylate, polyethyleneglycol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentylglycol diacrylate, tripropyleneglycol diacrylate, polypropyleneglycol diacrylate, 2,2′,-bis(4-(acryloxy/diethoxy)phenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetraacrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentylglycol dimethacrylate, polypropyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 2,2′,-bis(4-(methacryloxy/diethoxy)phenyl)propane, 2,2′,-bis(4-(methacryloxy/polyethoxy)phenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetramethacrylate, divinyl benzene, divinyl naphthalene, divinyl ether, and combinations thereof; and wherein the third monomer comprises a member of the group consisting of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dipropylaminoethyl methacrylate, diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate, dibutylaminoethyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof. 6. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, alkyl silane treated aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane treated aluminum oxide, and combinations thereof. 7. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide comprising at least one member of the group consisting of a Bronsted base, a Lewis base, and an amphoteric compound. 8. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is a silica that has been treated with a basic or an amphoteric surface treatment. 9. The toner of claim 1, wherein the small silica is selected from the group consisting of alkyl silane treated silica, polydimethysiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 10. The toner of claim 1, wherein the small silica is present, and is present at a surface area coverage of 30 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. 11. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester. 12. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester, and a crystalline polyester. 13. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle is selected from the group consisting of styrenes, acrylates, methacrylates, butadienes, isoprenes, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylonitriles, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof. 14. The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner comprises a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises at least one amorphous polyester. 15. The toner of claim 1, wherein the colorant is selected from cyan, magenta, yellow, black, or a combination thereof. 16. A toner process comprising:
contacting at least one resin; an optional wax; an optional colorant; and an optional aggregating agent; heating to form aggregated toner particles; optionally, adding a shell resin to the aggregated toner particles, and heating to a further elevated temperature to coalesce the particles; adding a surface additive comprising: at least one medium silica surface additive having an average primary particle diameter of 30 to 50 nanometers, the at least one medium silica provided at a surface area coverage of 40 to 100 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive having an average primary particle diameter of 75 to 120 nanometers, the at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive provided at a surface area coverage of 5 to 29 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is:
(a) a titanium dioxide surface additive having an average primary particle size of 15 to 40 nanometers, the titanium dioxide present in an amount of less than or equal to 1 part per hundred based on 100 parts of the parent toner particles; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica having an average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; or
(b) a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has an average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica having an average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and
wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and optionally, recovering the toner particles. 17. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises two or more medium silicas, and wherein the two or more medium silicas comprise surface-treated medium silicas selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silane treated silica, a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 18. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, alkyl silane treated aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane treated aluminum oxide, and combinations thereof. 19. The toner process of claim 15, where the at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive is a copolymer comprising: a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8;
a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups, wherein the second monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of from greater than about 8 percent by weight to about 60 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; and optionally, a third monomer comprising an amine, wherein the third monomer is present in an amount of from about 0.5 percent by weight to about 5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer. 20. The toner process of claim 19, wherein the first monomer of the copolymer comprises an aliphatic cycloacrylate selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl methacrylate, cyclopropyl acrylate, cyclobutyl acrylate, cyclopentyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclopropyl methacrylate, cyclobutyl methacrylate, cyclopentyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof;
wherein the second monomer of the copolymer comprises a member of the group consisting of diethyleneglycol diacrylate, triethyleneglycol diacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol diacrylate, polyethyleneglycol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentylglycol diacrylate, tripropyleneglycol diacrylate, polypropyleneglycol diacrylate, 2,2′,-bis(4-(acryloxy/diethoxy)phenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetraacrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentylglycol dimethacrylate, polypropyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 2,2′,-bis(4-(methacryloxy/diethoxy)phenyl)propane, 2,2′,-bis(4-(methacryloxy/polyethoxy)phenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetramethacrylate, divinyl benzene, divinyl naphthalene, divinyl ether, and combinations thereof; and wherein the third monomer comprises a member of the group consisting of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dipropylaminoethyl methacrylate, diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate, dibutylaminoethyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof. | A toner including a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation comprising at least one medium silica surface additive; at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is (a) a titanium dioxide surface additive; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica; or (b) a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica; and wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area.1. A toner comprising:
a parent toner particle comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a surface additive formulation comprising: at least one medium silica surface additive having an average primary particle diameter of 30 to 50 nanometers, the at least one medium silica provided at a surface area coverage of 40 to 100 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive having an average primary particle diameter of 75 to 120 nanometers, the at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive provided at a surface area coverage of 5 to 29 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is:
(a) a titanium dioxide surface additive having an average primary particle size of 15 to 40 nanometers, the titanium dioxide present in an amount of less than or equal to 1 part per hundred based on 100 parts of the parent toner particles; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica having an average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; or
(b) a non-titanium dioxide positive charging surface metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide additive has an average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica having an average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and
wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. 2. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises two or more medium silicas, and wherein the two or more medium silicas comprise surface-treated medium silicas selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silane treated silica, a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 3. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises a first medium silica that is an alkyl silane treated silica and a second medium silica that is a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica. 4. The toner of claim 1, where the at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive is a copolymer comprising:
a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8; a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups, wherein the second monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of from greater than about 8 percent by weight to about 60 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; and optionally, a third monomer comprising an amine, wherein the third monomer is present in an amount of from about 0.5 percent by weight to about 5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer. 5. The toner of claim 4, wherein the first monomer of the copolymer comprises an aliphatic cycloacrylate selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl methacrylate, cyclopropyl acrylate, cyclobutyl acrylate, cyclopentyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclopropyl methacrylate, cyclobutyl methacrylate, cyclopentyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof;
wherein the second monomer of the copolymer comprises a member of the group consisting of diethyleneglycol diacrylate, triethyleneglycol diacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol diacrylate, polyethyleneglycol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentylglycol diacrylate, tripropyleneglycol diacrylate, polypropyleneglycol diacrylate, 2,2′,-bis(4-(acryloxy/diethoxy)phenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetraacrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentylglycol dimethacrylate, polypropyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 2,2′,-bis(4-(methacryloxy/diethoxy)phenyl)propane, 2,2′,-bis(4-(methacryloxy/polyethoxy)phenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetramethacrylate, divinyl benzene, divinyl naphthalene, divinyl ether, and combinations thereof; and wherein the third monomer comprises a member of the group consisting of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dipropylaminoethyl methacrylate, diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate, dibutylaminoethyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof. 6. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, alkyl silane treated aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane treated aluminum oxide, and combinations thereof. 7. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide comprising at least one member of the group consisting of a Bronsted base, a Lewis base, and an amphoteric compound. 8. The toner of claim 1, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is a silica that has been treated with a basic or an amphoteric surface treatment. 9. The toner of claim 1, wherein the small silica is selected from the group consisting of alkyl silane treated silica, polydimethysiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 10. The toner of claim 1, wherein the small silica is present, and is present at a surface area coverage of 30 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area. 11. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester. 12. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle comprises a first amorphous polyester and a second amorphous polyester that is different from the first amorphous polyester, and a crystalline polyester. 13. The toner of claim 1, wherein the at least one resin of the parent toner particle is selected from the group consisting of styrenes, acrylates, methacrylates, butadienes, isoprenes, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylonitriles, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof. 14. The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner comprises a core-shell configuration;
wherein the core comprises at least one amorphous polyester and at least one crystalline polyester; and wherein the shell comprises at least one amorphous polyester. 15. The toner of claim 1, wherein the colorant is selected from cyan, magenta, yellow, black, or a combination thereof. 16. A toner process comprising:
contacting at least one resin; an optional wax; an optional colorant; and an optional aggregating agent; heating to form aggregated toner particles; optionally, adding a shell resin to the aggregated toner particles, and heating to a further elevated temperature to coalesce the particles; adding a surface additive comprising: at least one medium silica surface additive having an average primary particle diameter of 30 to 50 nanometers, the at least one medium silica provided at a surface area coverage of 40 to 100 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive having an average primary particle diameter of 75 to 120 nanometers, the at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive provided at a surface area coverage of 5 to 29 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; at least one positive charging surface additive, wherein the at least one positive charging surface additive is:
(a) a titanium dioxide surface additive having an average primary particle size of 15 to 40 nanometers, the titanium dioxide present in an amount of less than or equal to 1 part per hundred based on 100 parts of the parent toner particles; and wherein the parent toner particles further contain a small silica having an average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; or
(b) a non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive has an average primary particle size of 8 to 30 nanometers, and wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is present at a surface area coverage of 5 to 15 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and wherein the parent toner particles further optionally contain a small silica having an average primary particle diameter of 8 to 16 nanometers, the small silica present at a surface area coverage of 0 to 75 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and
wherein a total surface area coverage of all of the surface additives combined is 100 to 140 percent of the parent toner particle surface area; and optionally, recovering the toner particles. 17. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the at least one medium silica comprises two or more medium silicas, and wherein the two or more medium silicas comprise surface-treated medium silicas selected from the group consisting of an alkyl silane treated silica, a polydimethylsiloxane treated silica, and combinations thereof. 18. The toner process of claim 15, wherein the non-titanium dioxide positive charging metal oxide surface additive is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, strontium titanate, alkyl silane treated aluminum oxide, polydimethylsiloxane treated aluminum oxide, and combinations thereof. 19. The toner process of claim 15, where the at least one large cross-linked organic polymeric additive is a copolymer comprising: a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8;
a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups, wherein the second monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of from greater than about 8 percent by weight to about 60 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; and optionally, a third monomer comprising an amine, wherein the third monomer is present in an amount of from about 0.5 percent by weight to about 5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer. 20. The toner process of claim 19, wherein the first monomer of the copolymer comprises an aliphatic cycloacrylate selected from the group consisting of cyclohexyl methacrylate, cyclopropyl acrylate, cyclobutyl acrylate, cyclopentyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclopropyl methacrylate, cyclobutyl methacrylate, cyclopentyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof;
wherein the second monomer of the copolymer comprises a member of the group consisting of diethyleneglycol diacrylate, triethyleneglycol diacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol diacrylate, polyethyleneglycol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentylglycol diacrylate, tripropyleneglycol diacrylate, polypropyleneglycol diacrylate, 2,2′,-bis(4-(acryloxy/diethoxy)phenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetraacrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentylglycol dimethacrylate, polypropyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 2,2′,-bis(4-(methacryloxy/diethoxy)phenyl)propane, 2,2′,-bis(4-(methacryloxy/polyethoxy)phenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetramethacrylate, divinyl benzene, divinyl naphthalene, divinyl ether, and combinations thereof; and wherein the third monomer comprises a member of the group consisting of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dipropylaminoethyl methacrylate, diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate, dibutylaminoethyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof. | 2,800 |
339,326 | 16,800,221 | 2,891 | An example memory sub-system includes a memory device and a processing device, operatively coupled to the memory device. The processing device is configured to initialize a block family associated with a memory device; initialize a timeout associated with the block family; initializing a low temperature and a high temperature using a reference temperature at the memory device; responsive to programming a block residing on the memory device, associate the block with the block family; and responsive to at least one of: detecting expiration of the timeout or determining that a difference between the high temperature and the low temperature is greater than or equal to a specified threshold temperature value, close the block family. | 1. A system comprising:
a memory device; and a processing device, operatively coupled to the memory device, the processing device to:
initialize a block family associated with a memory device;
initialize a timeout associated with the block family;
responsive to programming a block residing on the memory device, associate the block with the block family; and
responsive to detecting expiration of the timeout, close the block family. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein associating the block with the block family further comprises:
appending, to block family metadata, a record associating the block with the block family. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
initialize a low temperature and a high temperature using a reference temperature at the memory device; responsive to determining that a difference between the high temperature and the low temperature is greater than or equal to a specified threshold temperature value, close the block family. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a second reference temperature of the block family; responsive to determining that the second reference temperature is greater than or equal to the high temperature, update the high temperature to store the second reference temperature; and responsive to determining that the second reference temperature falls below the low temperature, update the low temperature to store the second reference temperature. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to closing the block family, initialize a new block family. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to creating the block family, associate the block family with a first threshold voltage offset bin. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to detecting a triggering event, associate the block family with a second threshold voltage offset bin by calibrating an oldest block family associated with the first threshold voltage offset bin. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine a threshold voltage offset associated with the block family; and compute a modified threshold voltage by applying the threshold voltage offset to a base read level voltage associated with the memory device; read, using the modified threshold voltage, data from a block of the block family. 9. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a processing device, a read command specifying an identifier of a logical block; translating the identifier of the logical block into a physical address of a physical block stored on a memory device, wherein the physical address comprises an identifier of a memory device die; identifying, based on block family metadata associated with the memory device, a block family associated with the physical address; determining a threshold voltage offset associated with the block family and the memory device die; computing a modified threshold voltage by applying the threshold voltage offset to a base read level voltage associated with the memory device die; and reading, using the modified threshold voltage, data from the physical block. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the block family comprises a plurality of blocks that have been programmed within at least one of: a specified time window or a specified temperature window. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the block family metadata comprises a first table including a plurality of records, wherein a record of the plurality of records associates the physical block with the block family. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the block family metadata comprises a second table including a plurality of records, wherein a record of the plurality of records associates a plurality of dies of the block family with respective threshold voltage offset bins. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the block family metadata comprises a third table including a plurality of records, wherein a record of the plurality of records associates a threshold voltage offset bin with one or more threshold voltages to be applied to respective base voltage read levels for performing read operations. 14. A method, comprising:
initializing, by a processing device, a block family associated with a memory device; initializing a timeout associated with the block family; initializing a low temperature and a high temperature using a reference temperature at the memory device; responsive to programming a block residing on the memory device, associating the block with the block family; and responsive to at least one of: detecting expiration of the timeout or determining that a difference between the high temperature and the low temperature is greater than or equal to a specified threshold temperature value, closing the block family. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein associating the block with the block family further comprises:
appending, to block family metadata, a record associating the block with the block family. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a second reference temperature of the block family; responsive to determining that the second reference temperature is greater than or equal to the high temperature, updating the high temperature to store the second reference temperature; and responsive to determining that the second reference temperature falls below the low temperature, updating the low temperature to store the second reference temperature. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
responsive to closing the block family, initializing a new block family. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
responsive to creating the block family, associating the block family with a first threshold voltage offset bin. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
associating the block family with a second threshold voltage offset bin by calibrating an oldest block family associated with the first threshold voltage offset bin. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine a threshold voltage offset associated with the block family; and compute a modified threshold voltage by applying the threshold voltage offset to a base read level voltage associated with the memory device; read, using the modified threshold voltage, data from a block of the block family. | An example memory sub-system includes a memory device and a processing device, operatively coupled to the memory device. The processing device is configured to initialize a block family associated with a memory device; initialize a timeout associated with the block family; initializing a low temperature and a high temperature using a reference temperature at the memory device; responsive to programming a block residing on the memory device, associate the block with the block family; and responsive to at least one of: detecting expiration of the timeout or determining that a difference between the high temperature and the low temperature is greater than or equal to a specified threshold temperature value, close the block family.1. A system comprising:
a memory device; and a processing device, operatively coupled to the memory device, the processing device to:
initialize a block family associated with a memory device;
initialize a timeout associated with the block family;
responsive to programming a block residing on the memory device, associate the block with the block family; and
responsive to detecting expiration of the timeout, close the block family. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein associating the block with the block family further comprises:
appending, to block family metadata, a record associating the block with the block family. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
initialize a low temperature and a high temperature using a reference temperature at the memory device; responsive to determining that a difference between the high temperature and the low temperature is greater than or equal to a specified threshold temperature value, close the block family. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the processing device is further to:
receive a second reference temperature of the block family; responsive to determining that the second reference temperature is greater than or equal to the high temperature, update the high temperature to store the second reference temperature; and responsive to determining that the second reference temperature falls below the low temperature, update the low temperature to store the second reference temperature. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to closing the block family, initialize a new block family. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to creating the block family, associate the block family with a first threshold voltage offset bin. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the processing device is further to:
responsive to detecting a triggering event, associate the block family with a second threshold voltage offset bin by calibrating an oldest block family associated with the first threshold voltage offset bin. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine a threshold voltage offset associated with the block family; and compute a modified threshold voltage by applying the threshold voltage offset to a base read level voltage associated with the memory device; read, using the modified threshold voltage, data from a block of the block family. 9. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a processing device, a read command specifying an identifier of a logical block; translating the identifier of the logical block into a physical address of a physical block stored on a memory device, wherein the physical address comprises an identifier of a memory device die; identifying, based on block family metadata associated with the memory device, a block family associated with the physical address; determining a threshold voltage offset associated with the block family and the memory device die; computing a modified threshold voltage by applying the threshold voltage offset to a base read level voltage associated with the memory device die; and reading, using the modified threshold voltage, data from the physical block. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the block family comprises a plurality of blocks that have been programmed within at least one of: a specified time window or a specified temperature window. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the block family metadata comprises a first table including a plurality of records, wherein a record of the plurality of records associates the physical block with the block family. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the block family metadata comprises a second table including a plurality of records, wherein a record of the plurality of records associates a plurality of dies of the block family with respective threshold voltage offset bins. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the block family metadata comprises a third table including a plurality of records, wherein a record of the plurality of records associates a threshold voltage offset bin with one or more threshold voltages to be applied to respective base voltage read levels for performing read operations. 14. A method, comprising:
initializing, by a processing device, a block family associated with a memory device; initializing a timeout associated with the block family; initializing a low temperature and a high temperature using a reference temperature at the memory device; responsive to programming a block residing on the memory device, associating the block with the block family; and responsive to at least one of: detecting expiration of the timeout or determining that a difference between the high temperature and the low temperature is greater than or equal to a specified threshold temperature value, closing the block family. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein associating the block with the block family further comprises:
appending, to block family metadata, a record associating the block with the block family. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a second reference temperature of the block family; responsive to determining that the second reference temperature is greater than or equal to the high temperature, updating the high temperature to store the second reference temperature; and responsive to determining that the second reference temperature falls below the low temperature, updating the low temperature to store the second reference temperature. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
responsive to closing the block family, initializing a new block family. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
responsive to creating the block family, associating the block family with a first threshold voltage offset bin. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
associating the block family with a second threshold voltage offset bin by calibrating an oldest block family associated with the first threshold voltage offset bin. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine a threshold voltage offset associated with the block family; and compute a modified threshold voltage by applying the threshold voltage offset to a base read level voltage associated with the memory device; read, using the modified threshold voltage, data from a block of the block family. | 2,800 |
339,327 | 16,800,229 | 2,891 | In one aspect, an angle sensor includes a first linear sensor and a second linear sensor. A first magnetic-field direction of a target magnet measured by the first linear sensor is substantially equal to a second magnetic-field direction of the target magnet measured by the second linear sensor. The first linear sensor, the second linear sensor and the target magnet are on an axis. The angle sensor determines an angle of a magnetic field. | 1. An angle sensor comprising:
a first linear sensor; and a second linear sensor, wherein a first magnetic-field direction of a target magnet measured by the first linear sensor is substantially equal to a second magnetic-field direction of the target magnet measured by the second linear sensor, wherein the first linear sensor, the second linear sensor and the target magnet are on an axis, wherein the angle sensor determines an angle of a magnetic field. 2. The angle sensor of claim 1, wherein the first linear sensor is disposed along a first plane and the second linear sensor is disposed along a second plane; and
wherein the first plane and the second plane are each perpendicular to the axis. 3. The angle sensor of claim 2, wherein the target magnet is disposed along a third plane and the third plane is perpendicular to the axis. 4. The angle sensor of claim 1, wherein the first and second linear sensors are two-dimensional (2-D) sensors. 5. The angle sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a first die having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first linear sensor being disposed on the first surface of the first die; and a second die having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the second linear sensor being disposed on the second surface of the second die. 6. The angle sensor of claim 5, a spacer layer in direct contact with the second surface of the first die and the first surface of the second die. 7. The angle sensor of claim 6, wherein the spacer is about 25 microns. 8. The angle sensor of claim 5, further comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) electrically connected to the first die by a wire. 9. The angle sensor of claim 8, wherein the second die is disposed in a flip-chip structure having solder balls in direct contact with the PCB. 10. The angle sensor of claim 1, wherein the first linear sensor and the second linear sensor are spaced apart by about 1 millimeter. 11. An angle sensor configuration comprising:
a first coil; a second coil parallel to the first coil; and an angle sensor disposed between the first coil and the second coil and configured to determine an angle of a magnetic field, wherein the angle sensor determines an angle of a magnetic field. 12. The angle sensor configuration of claim 11, wherein the angle sensor is on an axis, wherein the first and second coils rotate about the axis. 13. The angle sensor configuration of claim 11, further comprising:
a third coil; and a fourth coil parallel to the third coil and perpendicular to the first and second coils, wherein the third and fourth coils are configured to generate magnetic fields perpendicular to magnetic fields generated by the first and second coils, wherein the angle sensor is disposed between the third coil and the fourth coil. 14. The angle sensor configuration of claim 13, wherein the third and fourth coils rotate about the axis. 15. The angle sensor configuration of claim 13, wherein the angle sensor configuration comprises:
a demodulator configured to detect a magnetic field; and a frequency modulator configured to drive the first, second, third and fourth coils and configured to drive the demodulator. 16. The angle sensor configuration of claim 15, wherein the demodulator comprises a bridge comprising a plurality of magnetoresistance elements. 17. The angle sensor configuration of claim 15, wherein the first and second coils generate a magnetic field at a different time than the third and fourth coils. 18. The angle sensor configuration of claim 15, wherein the first and second coils generate a magnetic field using a different frequency than the third and fourth coils. 19. The angle sensor configuration of claim 15, wherein the first and second coils generate a magnetic field at a first time at a first frequency and the third and fourth coils generate a magnetic field at a second time at a second frequency. 20. The angle sensor configuration of claim 19, wherein the first frequency is equal to the second frequency. 21. The angle sensor configuration of claim 11, wherein the angle sensor comprises:
a demodulator configured to detect a magnetic field; and a frequency modulator configured to drive the first and second coils and configured to drive the demodulator. 22. The angle sensor configuration of claim 21, wherein the demodulator comprises:
a first bridge comprising a first plurality of magnetoresistance elements; and a second bridge orthogonal to the first bridge and comprising a second plurality of magnetoresistance elements. 23. An angle sensor configuration comprising:
an angle sensor configured to determine an angle of a magnetic field, a first magnet having a first outward magnetized pole along a first axis away from the angle sensor; a second magnet opposite the first magnetic, the second magnet having a second outward magnetized pole along the first axis away from the angle sensor; a third magnet having a first inward magnetized pole along a second axis toward the angle sensor; and a fourth magnet opposite the third magnetic, the third magnet having a second inward magnetized pole along the second axis toward the angle sensor, wherein the angle sensor is disposed between the first, second, third and fourth magnets. 24. The angle sensor configuration of claim 23, wherein the first axis and the second axis are perpendicular to each other. 25. The angle sensor configuration of claim 23, wherein the angle sensor comprises a first bridge and a second bridge orthogonal to the first bridge. 26. The angle sensor configuration of claim 23, wherein the first bridge comprises a first plurality of magnetoresistance elements and the second bridge comprises a second plurality of magnetoresistance elements. 27. The angle sensor configuration of claim 26, wherein the first plurality of magnetoresistance elements and the second plurality of magnetoresistance elements each comprises a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) element or a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) element. 28. The angle sensor configuration of claim 26, wherein the first plurality of magnetoresistance elements comprises a first magnetoresistance element and a second magnetoresistance element located at a first location, and a third magnetoresistance element and a fourth magnetoresistance element located at a second location;
wherein the second plurality of magnetoresistance elements comprises a fifth magnetoresistance element and a sixth magnetoresistance element located at a third location and a seventh magnetoresistance element and an eighth magnetoresistance element located at a fourth location. 29. The angle sensor configuration of claim 28, wherein the first location and the second location are on a third axis and the third location and the fourth location are on a fourth axis,
wherein the third axis and the fourth axis are perpendicular to each other. 30. The angle sensor configuration of claim 29, wherein the distance from the first location to the second location is substantially equal to a distance from the third location to the fourth location. 31. The angle sensor configuration of claim 26, wherein the first plurality of magnetoresistance elements comprises eight magnetoresistance elements and the second plurality of magnetoresistance elements comprises eight magnetoresistance elements. 32. The angle sensor configuration of claim 23, wherein the angle sensor comprises a plurality of magnetoresistance elements arranged in a circle. 33. The angle sensor configuration of claim 32, wherein the plurality of magnetoresistance elements comprises at least sixteen magnetoresistance elements. 34. The angle sensor of claim 23, wherein the angle sensor comprises a bridge comprising magnetometers. | In one aspect, an angle sensor includes a first linear sensor and a second linear sensor. A first magnetic-field direction of a target magnet measured by the first linear sensor is substantially equal to a second magnetic-field direction of the target magnet measured by the second linear sensor. The first linear sensor, the second linear sensor and the target magnet are on an axis. The angle sensor determines an angle of a magnetic field.1. An angle sensor comprising:
a first linear sensor; and a second linear sensor, wherein a first magnetic-field direction of a target magnet measured by the first linear sensor is substantially equal to a second magnetic-field direction of the target magnet measured by the second linear sensor, wherein the first linear sensor, the second linear sensor and the target magnet are on an axis, wherein the angle sensor determines an angle of a magnetic field. 2. The angle sensor of claim 1, wherein the first linear sensor is disposed along a first plane and the second linear sensor is disposed along a second plane; and
wherein the first plane and the second plane are each perpendicular to the axis. 3. The angle sensor of claim 2, wherein the target magnet is disposed along a third plane and the third plane is perpendicular to the axis. 4. The angle sensor of claim 1, wherein the first and second linear sensors are two-dimensional (2-D) sensors. 5. The angle sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a first die having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first linear sensor being disposed on the first surface of the first die; and a second die having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the second linear sensor being disposed on the second surface of the second die. 6. The angle sensor of claim 5, a spacer layer in direct contact with the second surface of the first die and the first surface of the second die. 7. The angle sensor of claim 6, wherein the spacer is about 25 microns. 8. The angle sensor of claim 5, further comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) electrically connected to the first die by a wire. 9. The angle sensor of claim 8, wherein the second die is disposed in a flip-chip structure having solder balls in direct contact with the PCB. 10. The angle sensor of claim 1, wherein the first linear sensor and the second linear sensor are spaced apart by about 1 millimeter. 11. An angle sensor configuration comprising:
a first coil; a second coil parallel to the first coil; and an angle sensor disposed between the first coil and the second coil and configured to determine an angle of a magnetic field, wherein the angle sensor determines an angle of a magnetic field. 12. The angle sensor configuration of claim 11, wherein the angle sensor is on an axis, wherein the first and second coils rotate about the axis. 13. The angle sensor configuration of claim 11, further comprising:
a third coil; and a fourth coil parallel to the third coil and perpendicular to the first and second coils, wherein the third and fourth coils are configured to generate magnetic fields perpendicular to magnetic fields generated by the first and second coils, wherein the angle sensor is disposed between the third coil and the fourth coil. 14. The angle sensor configuration of claim 13, wherein the third and fourth coils rotate about the axis. 15. The angle sensor configuration of claim 13, wherein the angle sensor configuration comprises:
a demodulator configured to detect a magnetic field; and a frequency modulator configured to drive the first, second, third and fourth coils and configured to drive the demodulator. 16. The angle sensor configuration of claim 15, wherein the demodulator comprises a bridge comprising a plurality of magnetoresistance elements. 17. The angle sensor configuration of claim 15, wherein the first and second coils generate a magnetic field at a different time than the third and fourth coils. 18. The angle sensor configuration of claim 15, wherein the first and second coils generate a magnetic field using a different frequency than the third and fourth coils. 19. The angle sensor configuration of claim 15, wherein the first and second coils generate a magnetic field at a first time at a first frequency and the third and fourth coils generate a magnetic field at a second time at a second frequency. 20. The angle sensor configuration of claim 19, wherein the first frequency is equal to the second frequency. 21. The angle sensor configuration of claim 11, wherein the angle sensor comprises:
a demodulator configured to detect a magnetic field; and a frequency modulator configured to drive the first and second coils and configured to drive the demodulator. 22. The angle sensor configuration of claim 21, wherein the demodulator comprises:
a first bridge comprising a first plurality of magnetoresistance elements; and a second bridge orthogonal to the first bridge and comprising a second plurality of magnetoresistance elements. 23. An angle sensor configuration comprising:
an angle sensor configured to determine an angle of a magnetic field, a first magnet having a first outward magnetized pole along a first axis away from the angle sensor; a second magnet opposite the first magnetic, the second magnet having a second outward magnetized pole along the first axis away from the angle sensor; a third magnet having a first inward magnetized pole along a second axis toward the angle sensor; and a fourth magnet opposite the third magnetic, the third magnet having a second inward magnetized pole along the second axis toward the angle sensor, wherein the angle sensor is disposed between the first, second, third and fourth magnets. 24. The angle sensor configuration of claim 23, wherein the first axis and the second axis are perpendicular to each other. 25. The angle sensor configuration of claim 23, wherein the angle sensor comprises a first bridge and a second bridge orthogonal to the first bridge. 26. The angle sensor configuration of claim 23, wherein the first bridge comprises a first plurality of magnetoresistance elements and the second bridge comprises a second plurality of magnetoresistance elements. 27. The angle sensor configuration of claim 26, wherein the first plurality of magnetoresistance elements and the second plurality of magnetoresistance elements each comprises a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) element or a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) element. 28. The angle sensor configuration of claim 26, wherein the first plurality of magnetoresistance elements comprises a first magnetoresistance element and a second magnetoresistance element located at a first location, and a third magnetoresistance element and a fourth magnetoresistance element located at a second location;
wherein the second plurality of magnetoresistance elements comprises a fifth magnetoresistance element and a sixth magnetoresistance element located at a third location and a seventh magnetoresistance element and an eighth magnetoresistance element located at a fourth location. 29. The angle sensor configuration of claim 28, wherein the first location and the second location are on a third axis and the third location and the fourth location are on a fourth axis,
wherein the third axis and the fourth axis are perpendicular to each other. 30. The angle sensor configuration of claim 29, wherein the distance from the first location to the second location is substantially equal to a distance from the third location to the fourth location. 31. The angle sensor configuration of claim 26, wherein the first plurality of magnetoresistance elements comprises eight magnetoresistance elements and the second plurality of magnetoresistance elements comprises eight magnetoresistance elements. 32. The angle sensor configuration of claim 23, wherein the angle sensor comprises a plurality of magnetoresistance elements arranged in a circle. 33. The angle sensor configuration of claim 32, wherein the plurality of magnetoresistance elements comprises at least sixteen magnetoresistance elements. 34. The angle sensor of claim 23, wherein the angle sensor comprises a bridge comprising magnetometers. | 2,800 |
339,328 | 16,800,235 | 2,891 | Methods, systems and devices for determining optimized tillage of a soil area are provided. Operations include transmitting, using at least one sensor, a data set regarding a physical, chemical and/or biological aspect of the soil area. Operations include receiving, using at least one computing device, the data set regarding the physical, chemical and/or biological aspect of the soil area. The at least one computing device removes a set of redundant data and the at least one computing device enhances a set of data that is not the set of redundant data. Operations include generating a visualization of the set of data that is not redundant data. The data that is not redundant data provides a data set reflecting a soil compaction measurement within the soil area and the soil area is not deeper than 36 inches from a surface of the soil area. | 1-97. (canceled) 98. A method comprising:
receiving, using a processing circuit and from a sensor, a data set regarding a physical, chemical and/or biological aspect of a soil area; removing, using the processing circuit and from the data set, a redundant data portion, wherein the processing circuit enhances a remaining set of data that is not the redundant data portion; and generating a visualization of the set of data that is not redundant data, wherein the data that is not redundant data provides a data set reflecting a soil compaction measurement within the soil area, wherein the soil area is not deeper than 36 inches from a surface of the soil area. 99. The method of claim 98, wherein the sensor is a ground penetrating radar. 100. The method of claim 98, wherein the sensor comprises a ground penetrating radar and an electromagnetic induction device. 101. The method of claim 98, wherein the sensor comprises a ground penetrating radar and a seismic transmission device. 102. The method of claim 98, wherein the visualization of the set of data determines a tillage program. 103. The method of claim 102, wherein the measurement of soil compaction is used to determine a soil tillage prescription. 104. The method of claim 98, wherein the data set regarding the physical, chemical and/or biological aspect of the soil is analyzed with a neural network, wherein the neural network comprises:
a training set that comprises a data set regarding the soil area, the data set comprising weather, physical, chemical, structural, topographical, and/or geographical data; a visualization of the data set, the visualization depicting the bulk density of the soil area, and the visualization displayed in at least two dimensions; and a prescription for tilling the soil area based on the visualization of the data set. 105. The method of claim 104, wherein the at least two dimensions further comprise depth and density of the soil area, and
wherein the visualization further comprising at least one other dimension. 106. A tillage vehicle comprising:
a vehicle that is configured to travel over a soil area; a tilling implement that is configured to implement a tilling prescription plan that identifies tilling depths corresponding to different areas of the soil areas; a location device that is configured to provide geographic location data corresponding to the tillage vehicle; at least one sensor that is caused to move above a surface of the soil area as the vehicle travels thereon and to generate data relating to a physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil corresponding to the soil area; and a processing circuit that is communicatively coupled to the at least one sensor, to the location device, and to the tillage implement and that is configured to receive the geographic location data and the data relating to the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil, and to generate the tilling prescription plan for use by the tilling implement based on the data relating to the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil, wherein the at least one sensor is located on a front of the vehicle and is configured to generate the data corresponding to the soil area in the front of the vehicle, and wherein the tilling implement that is at a rear portion of the vehicle and is configured to vary the tilling depth of the soil area behind the vehicle. 107-122. (canceled) 123. The method of claim 98, wherein the data set regarding the physical, chemical and/or biological aspect of the soil is analyzed using machine learning, wherein the machine learning comprises:
a training set that comprises a data set regarding the soil area, the data set comprising weather, physical, chemical, structural, topographical, and/or geographical data; a visualization of the data set, the visualization depicting the bulk density of the soil area, and the visualization displayed in at least two dimensions; and a prescription for tilling the soil area based on the visualization of the data set. 124. A processing device, comprising:
a processing circuit; and a memory that is coupled to the processing circuit and that includes instructions that, when executed by the processing circuit, causes the processing circuit to: receive, from a location device, geographic location data corresponding to a location of the processing circuit; receive, from a sensor that is proximate the processing circuit, data relating to a physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of a soil area; and generate location associated data that relates the geographic location data to the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil area at respective locations corresponding to the geographic location data. 125. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the data relating to the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil correlates to a degree of soil compaction. 126. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the soil area comprises a plurality of soil area elements, wherein each soil area element corresponds to a specific geographic location and a corresponding location associated soil compaction data value. 127. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the sensor comprises a non-invasive sensor relative to the surface of the soil area. 128. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the location associated data comprises location associated soil compaction data that comprises elevation data corresponding to soil compaction. 129. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the processing circuit is on a vehicle, and
wherein the vehicle comprises an airborne vehicle and is configured to fly over the soil area based on self-generated lift. 130. The processing device of claim 129, wherein the airborne vehicle is configured to fly over the soil area in a pattern that is defined by a coverage plan that is based on the geographic location data. 131. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to generate a tillage prescription plan for the soil area that is based on location associated soil compaction data. 132. The processing device of claim 131, wherein the tillage prescription plan comprises three-dimensional tillage data that defines a location corresponding to a portion of the soil area and a tilling depth that corresponds to the location. 133. The processing device of claim 131, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to transmit tillage prescription data to a tilling vehicle that includes a tilling implement,
wherein the tilling vehicle and/or the tilling implement are configured to implement the tillage prescription plan by varying tillage depth based on a tilling location. 134. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to generate the location associated physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic data of the soil and to generate a tillage prescription plan for the soil area that is based on the location associated physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic data. 135. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the sensor comprises a plurality of sensors that includes a first sensor that comprises a first sensor technology and a second sensor that comprises a second sensor technology that is different from the first sensor technology. 136. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil area comprises soil tilth. 137. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil area comprises soil aggregate stability. | Methods, systems and devices for determining optimized tillage of a soil area are provided. Operations include transmitting, using at least one sensor, a data set regarding a physical, chemical and/or biological aspect of the soil area. Operations include receiving, using at least one computing device, the data set regarding the physical, chemical and/or biological aspect of the soil area. The at least one computing device removes a set of redundant data and the at least one computing device enhances a set of data that is not the set of redundant data. Operations include generating a visualization of the set of data that is not redundant data. The data that is not redundant data provides a data set reflecting a soil compaction measurement within the soil area and the soil area is not deeper than 36 inches from a surface of the soil area.1-97. (canceled) 98. A method comprising:
receiving, using a processing circuit and from a sensor, a data set regarding a physical, chemical and/or biological aspect of a soil area; removing, using the processing circuit and from the data set, a redundant data portion, wherein the processing circuit enhances a remaining set of data that is not the redundant data portion; and generating a visualization of the set of data that is not redundant data, wherein the data that is not redundant data provides a data set reflecting a soil compaction measurement within the soil area, wherein the soil area is not deeper than 36 inches from a surface of the soil area. 99. The method of claim 98, wherein the sensor is a ground penetrating radar. 100. The method of claim 98, wherein the sensor comprises a ground penetrating radar and an electromagnetic induction device. 101. The method of claim 98, wherein the sensor comprises a ground penetrating radar and a seismic transmission device. 102. The method of claim 98, wherein the visualization of the set of data determines a tillage program. 103. The method of claim 102, wherein the measurement of soil compaction is used to determine a soil tillage prescription. 104. The method of claim 98, wherein the data set regarding the physical, chemical and/or biological aspect of the soil is analyzed with a neural network, wherein the neural network comprises:
a training set that comprises a data set regarding the soil area, the data set comprising weather, physical, chemical, structural, topographical, and/or geographical data; a visualization of the data set, the visualization depicting the bulk density of the soil area, and the visualization displayed in at least two dimensions; and a prescription for tilling the soil area based on the visualization of the data set. 105. The method of claim 104, wherein the at least two dimensions further comprise depth and density of the soil area, and
wherein the visualization further comprising at least one other dimension. 106. A tillage vehicle comprising:
a vehicle that is configured to travel over a soil area; a tilling implement that is configured to implement a tilling prescription plan that identifies tilling depths corresponding to different areas of the soil areas; a location device that is configured to provide geographic location data corresponding to the tillage vehicle; at least one sensor that is caused to move above a surface of the soil area as the vehicle travels thereon and to generate data relating to a physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil corresponding to the soil area; and a processing circuit that is communicatively coupled to the at least one sensor, to the location device, and to the tillage implement and that is configured to receive the geographic location data and the data relating to the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil, and to generate the tilling prescription plan for use by the tilling implement based on the data relating to the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil, wherein the at least one sensor is located on a front of the vehicle and is configured to generate the data corresponding to the soil area in the front of the vehicle, and wherein the tilling implement that is at a rear portion of the vehicle and is configured to vary the tilling depth of the soil area behind the vehicle. 107-122. (canceled) 123. The method of claim 98, wherein the data set regarding the physical, chemical and/or biological aspect of the soil is analyzed using machine learning, wherein the machine learning comprises:
a training set that comprises a data set regarding the soil area, the data set comprising weather, physical, chemical, structural, topographical, and/or geographical data; a visualization of the data set, the visualization depicting the bulk density of the soil area, and the visualization displayed in at least two dimensions; and a prescription for tilling the soil area based on the visualization of the data set. 124. A processing device, comprising:
a processing circuit; and a memory that is coupled to the processing circuit and that includes instructions that, when executed by the processing circuit, causes the processing circuit to: receive, from a location device, geographic location data corresponding to a location of the processing circuit; receive, from a sensor that is proximate the processing circuit, data relating to a physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of a soil area; and generate location associated data that relates the geographic location data to the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil area at respective locations corresponding to the geographic location data. 125. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the data relating to the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil correlates to a degree of soil compaction. 126. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the soil area comprises a plurality of soil area elements, wherein each soil area element corresponds to a specific geographic location and a corresponding location associated soil compaction data value. 127. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the sensor comprises a non-invasive sensor relative to the surface of the soil area. 128. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the location associated data comprises location associated soil compaction data that comprises elevation data corresponding to soil compaction. 129. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the processing circuit is on a vehicle, and
wherein the vehicle comprises an airborne vehicle and is configured to fly over the soil area based on self-generated lift. 130. The processing device of claim 129, wherein the airborne vehicle is configured to fly over the soil area in a pattern that is defined by a coverage plan that is based on the geographic location data. 131. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to generate a tillage prescription plan for the soil area that is based on location associated soil compaction data. 132. The processing device of claim 131, wherein the tillage prescription plan comprises three-dimensional tillage data that defines a location corresponding to a portion of the soil area and a tilling depth that corresponds to the location. 133. The processing device of claim 131, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to transmit tillage prescription data to a tilling vehicle that includes a tilling implement,
wherein the tilling vehicle and/or the tilling implement are configured to implement the tillage prescription plan by varying tillage depth based on a tilling location. 134. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to generate the location associated physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic data of the soil and to generate a tillage prescription plan for the soil area that is based on the location associated physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic data. 135. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the sensor comprises a plurality of sensors that includes a first sensor that comprises a first sensor technology and a second sensor that comprises a second sensor technology that is different from the first sensor technology. 136. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil area comprises soil tilth. 137. The processing device of claim 124, wherein the physical, chemical and/or biological characteristic of the soil area comprises soil aggregate stability. | 2,800 |
339,329 | 16,800,223 | 2,891 | A timing controller that controls a drive circuit of a display panel includes: a delay output unit configured to output a delay value based on a delay time of a second pulse with respect to a first pulse that is output by the drive circuit, the first pulse being generated in synchronization with a data signal supplied to the display panel; and an error output unit configured to compare the delay value and a threshold value to each other and output an error signal based on a result of the comparison, and the second pulse is a pulse that is output from the drive circuit based on the first pulse. | 1. A timing controller that controls a drive circuit of a display panel, the timing controller comprising:
a delay output unit configured to output a delay value based on a delay time of a second pulse with respect to a first pulse that is output to the drive circuit, the first pulse being generated in synchronization with a data signal supplied to the display panel; and an error output unit configured to compare the delay value and a threshold value and output an error signal based on a result of the comparison, wherein the second pulse is a pulse that is output from the drive circuit based on the first pulse. 2. The timing controller according to claim 1, wherein
the second pulse is a pulse that is obtained by the first pulse being transferred by the drive circuit. 3. The timing controller according to claim 1, wherein
the delay output unit is a counting circuit configured to use the second pulse to reset a count value obtained by counting the first pulse, and the error output unit is a comparison circuit configured to compare the count value and the threshold value. 4. The timing controller according to claim 1, wherein
the delay output unit includes: a latch circuit configured to latch a count value of the first pulse with the second pulse; and a differential circuit configured to output a differential value of an output of the latch circuit and the count value, and the error output unit is a comparison circuit configured to compare the differential value and the threshold value. 5. The timing controller according to claim 1, wherein
the display panel includes a plurality of scan lines, the first pulse is a signal that designates starting vertical scanning by the drive circuit, and the drive circuit is configured to drive the plurality of scan lines based on a signal obtained by sequentially transferring the first pulse. 6. The timing controller according to claim 1, wherein
the display panel includes a plurality of data lines, the first pulse is a signal that designates starting horizontal scanning by the drive circuit, and the drive circuit is configured to drive the plurality of data lines based on a signal obtained by sequentially transferring the first pulse. 7. The timing controller according to claim 1, wherein
the threshold value is changeable. 8. A display device, comprising:
the timing controller according to claim 1; and the display panel including the drive circuit. | A timing controller that controls a drive circuit of a display panel includes: a delay output unit configured to output a delay value based on a delay time of a second pulse with respect to a first pulse that is output by the drive circuit, the first pulse being generated in synchronization with a data signal supplied to the display panel; and an error output unit configured to compare the delay value and a threshold value to each other and output an error signal based on a result of the comparison, and the second pulse is a pulse that is output from the drive circuit based on the first pulse.1. A timing controller that controls a drive circuit of a display panel, the timing controller comprising:
a delay output unit configured to output a delay value based on a delay time of a second pulse with respect to a first pulse that is output to the drive circuit, the first pulse being generated in synchronization with a data signal supplied to the display panel; and an error output unit configured to compare the delay value and a threshold value and output an error signal based on a result of the comparison, wherein the second pulse is a pulse that is output from the drive circuit based on the first pulse. 2. The timing controller according to claim 1, wherein
the second pulse is a pulse that is obtained by the first pulse being transferred by the drive circuit. 3. The timing controller according to claim 1, wherein
the delay output unit is a counting circuit configured to use the second pulse to reset a count value obtained by counting the first pulse, and the error output unit is a comparison circuit configured to compare the count value and the threshold value. 4. The timing controller according to claim 1, wherein
the delay output unit includes: a latch circuit configured to latch a count value of the first pulse with the second pulse; and a differential circuit configured to output a differential value of an output of the latch circuit and the count value, and the error output unit is a comparison circuit configured to compare the differential value and the threshold value. 5. The timing controller according to claim 1, wherein
the display panel includes a plurality of scan lines, the first pulse is a signal that designates starting vertical scanning by the drive circuit, and the drive circuit is configured to drive the plurality of scan lines based on a signal obtained by sequentially transferring the first pulse. 6. The timing controller according to claim 1, wherein
the display panel includes a plurality of data lines, the first pulse is a signal that designates starting horizontal scanning by the drive circuit, and the drive circuit is configured to drive the plurality of data lines based on a signal obtained by sequentially transferring the first pulse. 7. The timing controller according to claim 1, wherein
the threshold value is changeable. 8. A display device, comprising:
the timing controller according to claim 1; and the display panel including the drive circuit. | 2,800 |
339,330 | 16,800,231 | 3,746 | A NOx adsorber catalyst and its use in an emission treatment system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The NOx adsorber catalyst comprises a first layer consisting essentially of a support material, one or more platinum group metals disposed on the support material, and a NOx storage material. | 1. A catalyst for treating emissions from a lean burn engine comprising a first layer having:
a support material containing alumina or a mixed oxide containing alumina; a mixture or alloy of platinum and palladium, and optionally one or more platinum group metals, disposed on the support material; and a NOx storage material containing lanthanum-doped ceria. 2. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the NOx storage material comprises about 0.5-18 mol % lanthanum. 3. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the NOx storage material comprises about 1.0-15 mol % lanthanum. 4. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the NOx storage material comprises about 2.0-14 mol % lanthanum. 5. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the NOx storage material is substantially free of barium. 6. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the first layer is substantially free of rhodium. 7. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the first layer is substantially free of alkali metals. 8. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the first layer is substantially free of molecular sieves. 9. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the first layer is substantially free of dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), holmium (Ho), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb) and yttrium (Y). 10. A catalyst article for absorbing NOx comprising a metal or ceramic substrate and a catalyst according to claim 1, wherein said catalyst is disposed on said substrate or is extruded to form said substrate. 11. A catalyst article of claim 10, wherein the substrate is a flow-through monolith or a filter monolith. 12-17. (canceled) 18. An emission treatment system for treating a flow of a combustion exhaust gas comprising a lean-burn diesel engine and the catalyst of claim 1;
wherein the lean-burn engine is in fluid communication with the catalyst. 19. The emission treatment system of claim 18, further comprising one or more of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst system, a particulate filter, a selective catalytic reduction filter system, a passive NOx adsorber, and a three-way catalyst system. 20. A method of treating an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine comprising contacting the exhaust gas with a catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas is at a temperature of about 180 to 300° C. | A NOx adsorber catalyst and its use in an emission treatment system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The NOx adsorber catalyst comprises a first layer consisting essentially of a support material, one or more platinum group metals disposed on the support material, and a NOx storage material.1. A catalyst for treating emissions from a lean burn engine comprising a first layer having:
a support material containing alumina or a mixed oxide containing alumina; a mixture or alloy of platinum and palladium, and optionally one or more platinum group metals, disposed on the support material; and a NOx storage material containing lanthanum-doped ceria. 2. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the NOx storage material comprises about 0.5-18 mol % lanthanum. 3. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the NOx storage material comprises about 1.0-15 mol % lanthanum. 4. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the NOx storage material comprises about 2.0-14 mol % lanthanum. 5. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the NOx storage material is substantially free of barium. 6. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the first layer is substantially free of rhodium. 7. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the first layer is substantially free of alkali metals. 8. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the first layer is substantially free of molecular sieves. 9. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the first layer is substantially free of dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), holmium (Ho), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb) and yttrium (Y). 10. A catalyst article for absorbing NOx comprising a metal or ceramic substrate and a catalyst according to claim 1, wherein said catalyst is disposed on said substrate or is extruded to form said substrate. 11. A catalyst article of claim 10, wherein the substrate is a flow-through monolith or a filter monolith. 12-17. (canceled) 18. An emission treatment system for treating a flow of a combustion exhaust gas comprising a lean-burn diesel engine and the catalyst of claim 1;
wherein the lean-burn engine is in fluid communication with the catalyst. 19. The emission treatment system of claim 18, further comprising one or more of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst system, a particulate filter, a selective catalytic reduction filter system, a passive NOx adsorber, and a three-way catalyst system. 20. A method of treating an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine comprising contacting the exhaust gas with a catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas is at a temperature of about 180 to 300° C. | 3,700 |
339,331 | 16,800,208 | 3,746 | The computer system and method herein uses a multi-objective driven evolutionary algorithm that is better able to find optimum solutions to a problem because it balances the use of objectives as composite functions, and relative novelty and diversity in evolutionary optimization. In particular, the system and method herein described herein presents an improved process which introduces novelty pulsation, i.e., a systematic method to alternate between novelty selection and local optimization. | 1. A computer-implemented method for finding a solution to a provided problem which optimizes a plurality of objectives and operating a controlled system using the found solution, comprising the steps of:
providing a computer system having a memory storing a candidate pool database identifying a pool of candidate individuals, each identifying a respective candidate solution to the provided problem; testing, by the computer system, individuals from the pool of candidate individuals against a portion of training data to develop a plurality of objective values for each of the tested individuals, each of the objective values estimating the individual's level of success with respect to a corresponding one of the objectives; selecting, by a predefined dominance filter of the computer system, a first subset of individuals from the candidate pool database, the dominance filter being dependent upon a plurality of composite functions of the objectives, each of the composite functions being dependent on at least one of the of objectives and at least one of the composite functions being dependent on more than one of the objectives; procreating, by the computer system, new individuals from a final subset of the individuals in the candidate pool database, the final subset being dependent upon the first subset; inserting the new individuals into the candidate pool database and repeating the steps of testing, selecting and procreating, wherein each iteration of the testing, selecting and procreation is a generation G; further wherein, every P generations, wherein P=G, after the step of selecting a first subset of the individuals, selecting a second subset of individuals from the first subset of individuals, including selecting from the second subset a predetermined number of individuals having greater average behavioral novelty among the individuals in the first subset of individuals, than the average behavioral novelty of all others of the individuals from the first subset, the final subset of individuals being dependent upon the second subset of individuals; and operating a controlled system in dependence upon at least one of the individuals from the candidate pool database. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein P≥2. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein selecting a second subset of individuals from the first subset of individuals includes:
re-selecting the first subset of individuals to include an expanded number of individuals in accordance with a multiplier m, wherein m is greater than 1; determining a novelty score for each of the individuals in the expanded first subset; sorting the individuals in the expanded first subset in descending order of novelty score; selecting a predetermined number of sorted individuals to establish a result set, wherein the individual from the expanded first subset with the highest novelty score is selected first; adding each non-selected, sorted individual from the expanded first subset one at a time to the result set and selecting for removal from the result set an individual having a lowest minimum novelty; and returning a final result set after each non-selected, sorted individual has been iteratively added and compared. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the novelty score is determined as follows: 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein minimum novelty is determined as follows: 6. The method of claim 1, wherein using a predefined dominance filter to select a first subset of individuals from the candidate pool database comprises selecting from the first subset of individuals, individuals from the pool of candidate individuals that, in accordance with the predefined dominance filter, are not dominated by any other individuals in the pool. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the predefined dominance filter is defined such that a first individual dominates over a second individual if and only if
(a) a composite value of the first individual is better than a composite value of the second individual for at least one of the composite functions and (b) for all others of the composite functions, the composite value of the first individual is not worse than the composite value of the second individual. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the provided problem is in one of the following domains gaming strategies, 3D printing, stock trading, robotics systems. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the controlled system is selected from the group consisting of a specially programmed processor for implementing a gaming strategy, a 3D printer, a specially programmed processor for implementing a stock trade, a robotics system. 10. A computer-implemented method for finding one or more optimal solutions to a predetermined problem and operating a controlled system using the one or more found optimal solutions, wherein the one or more optimal solutions addresses a plurality of objectives, comprising:
testing by a first computer-implemented program each of a plurality of candidate solutions from a predetermined pool of candidate solutions against a portion of training data to develop objective values for the plurality of objectives for each of the tested candidate solutions, each of the plurality of objective values estimating the candidate solution's level of success with respect to a corresponding one of the plurality of objectives; selecting by a second computer-implemented program a first subset of candidate solutions from the candidate pool by application of a dominance filter, wherein a number of candidate solutions in the first subset is a predetermined number; procreating, by a third computer-implemented program, new candidate solutions from a final subset of the candidate solutions in the candidate pool, the final subset being dependent upon the first subset; inserting the new candidate solutions into the candidate pool and repeating the steps of testing, selecting and procreating, wherein each iteration of the testing, selecting and procreation is a generation G; further wherein, every P generations, wherein P=G, after the step of selecting a first subset of the candidate solutions, selecting by a fourth computer-implemented program, a second subset of candidate solutions from the first subset of candidate solutions, based on a novelty comparison, the selecting of the second subset including:
re-selecting the first subset of candidate solutions to include an expanded number of candidate solutions in accordance with a multiplier m times the predetermined number, wherein m is greater than 1;
determining a novelty score for each of the candidate solutions in the expanded first subset;
sorting the candidate solutions in the expanded first subset in descending order of novelty score;
selecting a predetermined number of sorted candidate solutions to establish a result set, wherein a candidate solution from the expanded first subset with the highest novelty score is selected first;
adding each non-selected, sorted candidate solution from the expanded first subset one at a time to the result set and selecting for removal from the result set a candidate solution having a lowest minimum novelty; and
returning a final result set after each non-selected, sorted candidate solution has been iteratively added and compared; and
operating a controlled system in dependence upon at least one of the candidate solutions from the candidate pool database. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein P≥2. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the novelty score is determined as follows: 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein minimum novelty is determined as follows: 14. The method of claim 10, wherein using a predefined dominance filter to select a first subset of candidate solutions from the candidate pool comprises selecting from the first subset of candidate solutions, candidate solutions from the pool of candidate solutions that, in accordance with the predefined dominance filter, are not dominated by any other individuals in the pool. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the predefined dominance filter is defined such that a first candidate solution dominates over a second candidate solution if and only if
(a) a composite value of the first candidate solution is better than a composite value of the second candidate solution for at least one of the composite functions and (b) for all others of the composite functions, the composite value of the first candidate solution is not worse than the composite value of the second candidate solution. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the provided problem is in one of the following domains: gaming, 3D printing, stock trading, robotics systems. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the controlled system is selected from the group consisting of a specially programmed processor for implementing a gaming strategy, a 3D printer, a specially programmed processor for implementing a stock trade, a robotics system. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein m≥2. 19. A computer-implemented method for finding a solution to a provided problem in a predetermined domain which optimizes a plurality of objectives and operating a controlled system using the found solution, comprising the steps of:
testing, by a specially programmed system, a set of candidate solutions against a portion of training data for the predetermined domain to develop objective values for each of the tested candidate solutions, each of the objective values estimating the tested candidate solution's level of success with respect to a corresponding one of the objectives; selecting, by a dominance filter of the specially programmed system, a first subset of a predetermined number of candidate solutions from the set, wherein the dominance filter selects candidate solutions using comparisons between composite objective functions of each of the candidate solutions, the composite objective functions including one or more of the estimate objective values; procreating, by the specially programmed system, new candidate solutions from one of the first subset or from a final subset of candidate solutions, the final subset being dependent upon the first subset; inserting the new candidate solutions into the candidate pool and repeating the steps of testing, selecting and procreating, until a predetermined end point is achieved, wherein each iteration of the testing, selecting and procreation is a generation G; further wherein, every P generations, wherein P=G, after the step of selecting a first subset of the candidate solutions, selecting a second subset of candidate solutions from the first subset of candidate solutions, based on a novelty comparison; and operating a controlled system in dependence upon at least one of the candidate solutions from the candidate pool database. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein P≥2. 21. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein selecting a second subset of individuals from the first subset of individuals includes:
re-selecting the first subset of candidate solutions to include an expanded number of candidate solutions in accordance with a multiplier m times the predetermined number, wherein m is greater than 1; determining a novelty score for each of the candidate solutions in the expanded first sub set; sorting the candidate solutions in the expanded first subset in descending order of novelty score; selecting a predetermined number of sorted candidate solutions to establish a result set, wherein a candidate solution from the expanded first subset with the highest novelty score is selected first; adding each non-selected, sorted candidate solution from the expanded first subset one at a time to the result set and selecting for removal from the result set a candidate solution having a lowest minimum novelty; and returning a final result set after each non-selected, sorted candidate solution has been iteratively added and compared. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the novelty score is determined as follows: 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein minimum novelty is determined as follows: 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, wherein the provided problem is in one of the following predetermined domains: gaming, 3D printing, stock trading, robotics systems. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, wherein the controlled system is selected from the group consisting of a specially programmed processor for implementing a gaming strategy, a 3D printer, a specially programmed processor for implementing a stock trade and a robotics system. | The computer system and method herein uses a multi-objective driven evolutionary algorithm that is better able to find optimum solutions to a problem because it balances the use of objectives as composite functions, and relative novelty and diversity in evolutionary optimization. In particular, the system and method herein described herein presents an improved process which introduces novelty pulsation, i.e., a systematic method to alternate between novelty selection and local optimization.1. A computer-implemented method for finding a solution to a provided problem which optimizes a plurality of objectives and operating a controlled system using the found solution, comprising the steps of:
providing a computer system having a memory storing a candidate pool database identifying a pool of candidate individuals, each identifying a respective candidate solution to the provided problem; testing, by the computer system, individuals from the pool of candidate individuals against a portion of training data to develop a plurality of objective values for each of the tested individuals, each of the objective values estimating the individual's level of success with respect to a corresponding one of the objectives; selecting, by a predefined dominance filter of the computer system, a first subset of individuals from the candidate pool database, the dominance filter being dependent upon a plurality of composite functions of the objectives, each of the composite functions being dependent on at least one of the of objectives and at least one of the composite functions being dependent on more than one of the objectives; procreating, by the computer system, new individuals from a final subset of the individuals in the candidate pool database, the final subset being dependent upon the first subset; inserting the new individuals into the candidate pool database and repeating the steps of testing, selecting and procreating, wherein each iteration of the testing, selecting and procreation is a generation G; further wherein, every P generations, wherein P=G, after the step of selecting a first subset of the individuals, selecting a second subset of individuals from the first subset of individuals, including selecting from the second subset a predetermined number of individuals having greater average behavioral novelty among the individuals in the first subset of individuals, than the average behavioral novelty of all others of the individuals from the first subset, the final subset of individuals being dependent upon the second subset of individuals; and operating a controlled system in dependence upon at least one of the individuals from the candidate pool database. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein P≥2. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein selecting a second subset of individuals from the first subset of individuals includes:
re-selecting the first subset of individuals to include an expanded number of individuals in accordance with a multiplier m, wherein m is greater than 1; determining a novelty score for each of the individuals in the expanded first subset; sorting the individuals in the expanded first subset in descending order of novelty score; selecting a predetermined number of sorted individuals to establish a result set, wherein the individual from the expanded first subset with the highest novelty score is selected first; adding each non-selected, sorted individual from the expanded first subset one at a time to the result set and selecting for removal from the result set an individual having a lowest minimum novelty; and returning a final result set after each non-selected, sorted individual has been iteratively added and compared. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the novelty score is determined as follows: 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein minimum novelty is determined as follows: 6. The method of claim 1, wherein using a predefined dominance filter to select a first subset of individuals from the candidate pool database comprises selecting from the first subset of individuals, individuals from the pool of candidate individuals that, in accordance with the predefined dominance filter, are not dominated by any other individuals in the pool. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the predefined dominance filter is defined such that a first individual dominates over a second individual if and only if
(a) a composite value of the first individual is better than a composite value of the second individual for at least one of the composite functions and (b) for all others of the composite functions, the composite value of the first individual is not worse than the composite value of the second individual. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the provided problem is in one of the following domains gaming strategies, 3D printing, stock trading, robotics systems. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the controlled system is selected from the group consisting of a specially programmed processor for implementing a gaming strategy, a 3D printer, a specially programmed processor for implementing a stock trade, a robotics system. 10. A computer-implemented method for finding one or more optimal solutions to a predetermined problem and operating a controlled system using the one or more found optimal solutions, wherein the one or more optimal solutions addresses a plurality of objectives, comprising:
testing by a first computer-implemented program each of a plurality of candidate solutions from a predetermined pool of candidate solutions against a portion of training data to develop objective values for the plurality of objectives for each of the tested candidate solutions, each of the plurality of objective values estimating the candidate solution's level of success with respect to a corresponding one of the plurality of objectives; selecting by a second computer-implemented program a first subset of candidate solutions from the candidate pool by application of a dominance filter, wherein a number of candidate solutions in the first subset is a predetermined number; procreating, by a third computer-implemented program, new candidate solutions from a final subset of the candidate solutions in the candidate pool, the final subset being dependent upon the first subset; inserting the new candidate solutions into the candidate pool and repeating the steps of testing, selecting and procreating, wherein each iteration of the testing, selecting and procreation is a generation G; further wherein, every P generations, wherein P=G, after the step of selecting a first subset of the candidate solutions, selecting by a fourth computer-implemented program, a second subset of candidate solutions from the first subset of candidate solutions, based on a novelty comparison, the selecting of the second subset including:
re-selecting the first subset of candidate solutions to include an expanded number of candidate solutions in accordance with a multiplier m times the predetermined number, wherein m is greater than 1;
determining a novelty score for each of the candidate solutions in the expanded first subset;
sorting the candidate solutions in the expanded first subset in descending order of novelty score;
selecting a predetermined number of sorted candidate solutions to establish a result set, wherein a candidate solution from the expanded first subset with the highest novelty score is selected first;
adding each non-selected, sorted candidate solution from the expanded first subset one at a time to the result set and selecting for removal from the result set a candidate solution having a lowest minimum novelty; and
returning a final result set after each non-selected, sorted candidate solution has been iteratively added and compared; and
operating a controlled system in dependence upon at least one of the candidate solutions from the candidate pool database. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein P≥2. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the novelty score is determined as follows: 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein minimum novelty is determined as follows: 14. The method of claim 10, wherein using a predefined dominance filter to select a first subset of candidate solutions from the candidate pool comprises selecting from the first subset of candidate solutions, candidate solutions from the pool of candidate solutions that, in accordance with the predefined dominance filter, are not dominated by any other individuals in the pool. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the predefined dominance filter is defined such that a first candidate solution dominates over a second candidate solution if and only if
(a) a composite value of the first candidate solution is better than a composite value of the second candidate solution for at least one of the composite functions and (b) for all others of the composite functions, the composite value of the first candidate solution is not worse than the composite value of the second candidate solution. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the provided problem is in one of the following domains: gaming, 3D printing, stock trading, robotics systems. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the controlled system is selected from the group consisting of a specially programmed processor for implementing a gaming strategy, a 3D printer, a specially programmed processor for implementing a stock trade, a robotics system. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein m≥2. 19. A computer-implemented method for finding a solution to a provided problem in a predetermined domain which optimizes a plurality of objectives and operating a controlled system using the found solution, comprising the steps of:
testing, by a specially programmed system, a set of candidate solutions against a portion of training data for the predetermined domain to develop objective values for each of the tested candidate solutions, each of the objective values estimating the tested candidate solution's level of success with respect to a corresponding one of the objectives; selecting, by a dominance filter of the specially programmed system, a first subset of a predetermined number of candidate solutions from the set, wherein the dominance filter selects candidate solutions using comparisons between composite objective functions of each of the candidate solutions, the composite objective functions including one or more of the estimate objective values; procreating, by the specially programmed system, new candidate solutions from one of the first subset or from a final subset of candidate solutions, the final subset being dependent upon the first subset; inserting the new candidate solutions into the candidate pool and repeating the steps of testing, selecting and procreating, until a predetermined end point is achieved, wherein each iteration of the testing, selecting and procreation is a generation G; further wherein, every P generations, wherein P=G, after the step of selecting a first subset of the candidate solutions, selecting a second subset of candidate solutions from the first subset of candidate solutions, based on a novelty comparison; and operating a controlled system in dependence upon at least one of the candidate solutions from the candidate pool database. 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein P≥2. 21. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein selecting a second subset of individuals from the first subset of individuals includes:
re-selecting the first subset of candidate solutions to include an expanded number of candidate solutions in accordance with a multiplier m times the predetermined number, wherein m is greater than 1; determining a novelty score for each of the candidate solutions in the expanded first sub set; sorting the candidate solutions in the expanded first subset in descending order of novelty score; selecting a predetermined number of sorted candidate solutions to establish a result set, wherein a candidate solution from the expanded first subset with the highest novelty score is selected first; adding each non-selected, sorted candidate solution from the expanded first subset one at a time to the result set and selecting for removal from the result set a candidate solution having a lowest minimum novelty; and returning a final result set after each non-selected, sorted candidate solution has been iteratively added and compared. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein the novelty score is determined as follows: 23. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein minimum novelty is determined as follows: 24. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, wherein the provided problem is in one of the following predetermined domains: gaming, 3D printing, stock trading, robotics systems. 25. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, wherein the controlled system is selected from the group consisting of a specially programmed processor for implementing a gaming strategy, a 3D printer, a specially programmed processor for implementing a stock trade and a robotics system. | 3,700 |
339,332 | 16,800,195 | 3,746 | A container for storing a liquid or a solid may include a container body having a container side wall and a container bottom and a container lid having a pop top arm to pivot and cooperate with a weakened area to provide access to the interior of the container body. The container body may be formed from plastic and the container lid is formed from metal, and the container body may include a vertical neck. The container body may include a lip, and the bottom wall may include a center protrusion. The bottom wall may include a depression, and the bottom wall may include a radial extending depression. | 1. A container, the container comprising a container body, the container body comprising a container side wall and a horizontally-extending base connected to the container side wall, wherein the container side wall and the horizontally-extending base are shaped so that an interior of said container body has a truncated spherical shape, wherein a cross-sectional diameter of a top portion of said container body is less than a cross-sectional diameter of a middle portion of said container body, wherein the horizontally-extending base defines a diameter that is less than the cross-sectional diameter of the middle portion of said container body, wherein the container body further comprises a circular neck extending vertically from the container side wall so that the container side wall extends between the circular neck and the horizontally-extending base, wherein an upper edge of said container side wall is adjacent to the circular neck of the container body, and wherein said container body defines an opening to the interior of said container body;
wherein the cross-sectional diameter of the top portion of said container body is defined by the circular neck; wherein the cross-sectional diameter of the middle portion of said container body is defined by the container side wall; wherein the container body is made out of a resin; wherein the container body is formed using a blow molding process; wherein the container side wall extends uninterruptedly between the circular neck and the horizontally-extending base; and wherein the container further comprises a lid connected to the container body and covering the opening to the interior of said container body. 2. The container of claim 1, wherein the resin is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin. 3. The container of claim 1, wherein the lid is made out of a metal. 4. The container of claim 3, wherein the metal is aluminum. 5. The container of 1, wherein the base comprises a bottom wall and a depression formed therein. 6. The container of claim 1 wherein the container body further comprises a lip at the end of the circular neck opposite the upper edge of said container side wall, wherein said circular neck is adjacent to the lip. 7. The container of claim 6, wherein a first portion of the lid extends on the lip of the container body; and
wherein a second portion of the lid extends horizontally and is vertically offset from the first portion of the lid so that the second portion is located vertically between the first portion of the lid and the horizontally-extending base of the container body. 8. The container of claim 7, wherein the second portion of the lid comprises a weakened or scored area. 9. The container of claim 8, wherein the lid further comprises an arm connected to the second portion of the lid, the arm comprising an aperture to facilitate pivoting of the arm by a user; and
wherein the arm is pivotable from a first position, in which the arm extends horizontally and the weakened or scored area is not deformed, to a second position, in which the arm does not extend horizontally and the weakened or scored area is deformed to provide an opening to the interior of said container body. 10. A container, the container comprising a container body, the container body comprising a container side wall and a horizontally-extending base connected to the container side wall, wherein the container side wall and the horizontally-extending base are shaped so that an interior of said container body has a truncated spherical shape, wherein a cross-sectional diameter of a top portion of said container body is less than a cross-sectional diameter of a middle portion of said container body, wherein the horizontally-extending base defines a diameter that is less than the cross-sectional diameter of the middle portion of said container body, wherein the container body further comprises a circular neck extending vertically from the container side wall so that the container side wall extends between the circular neck and the horizontally-extending base, wherein an upper edge of said container side wall is adjacent to the circular neck of the container body, and wherein said container body defines an opening to the interior of said container body;
wherein the cross-sectional diameter of the top portion of said container body is defined by the circular neck; wherein the cross-sectional diameter of the middle portion of said container body is defined by the container side wall; and wherein the container side wall extends uninterruptedly between the circular neck and the horizontally-extending base. 11. The container of claim 10, wherein the container body is made out of a resin. 12. The container of claim 11, wherein the resin is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin. 13. The container of claim 10, wherein the container body is formed using a blow molding process. 14. The container of claim 10, further comprising a lid connected to the container body and covering the opening to the interior of said container body. 15. The container of claim 14, wherein the lid is made out of a metal. 16. The container of claim 15, wherein the metal is aluminum. 17. The container of 10, wherein the base comprises a bottom wall and a depression formed therein. 18. The container of claim 10, wherein the container body further comprises a lip at the end of the circular neck opposite the upper edge of said container side wall, wherein said circular neck is adjacent to the lip. 19. The container of claim 18, further comprising a lid connected to the container body and covering the opening to the interior of said container body;
wherein a first portion of the lid extends on the lip of the container body; and wherein a second portion of the lid extends horizontally and is vertically offset from the first portion of the lid so that the second portion is located vertically between the first portion of the lid and the horizontally-extending base of the container body. 20. The container of claim 19, wherein the second portion of the lid comprises a weakened or scored area;
wherein the lid further comprises an arm connected to the second portion of the lid, the arm comprising an aperture to facilitate pivoting of the arm by a user; and wherein the arm is pivotable from a first position, in which the arm extends horizontally and the weakened or scored area is not deformed, to a second position, in which the arm does not extend horizontally and the weakened or scored area is deformed to provide an opening to the interior of said container body. | A container for storing a liquid or a solid may include a container body having a container side wall and a container bottom and a container lid having a pop top arm to pivot and cooperate with a weakened area to provide access to the interior of the container body. The container body may be formed from plastic and the container lid is formed from metal, and the container body may include a vertical neck. The container body may include a lip, and the bottom wall may include a center protrusion. The bottom wall may include a depression, and the bottom wall may include a radial extending depression.1. A container, the container comprising a container body, the container body comprising a container side wall and a horizontally-extending base connected to the container side wall, wherein the container side wall and the horizontally-extending base are shaped so that an interior of said container body has a truncated spherical shape, wherein a cross-sectional diameter of a top portion of said container body is less than a cross-sectional diameter of a middle portion of said container body, wherein the horizontally-extending base defines a diameter that is less than the cross-sectional diameter of the middle portion of said container body, wherein the container body further comprises a circular neck extending vertically from the container side wall so that the container side wall extends between the circular neck and the horizontally-extending base, wherein an upper edge of said container side wall is adjacent to the circular neck of the container body, and wherein said container body defines an opening to the interior of said container body;
wherein the cross-sectional diameter of the top portion of said container body is defined by the circular neck; wherein the cross-sectional diameter of the middle portion of said container body is defined by the container side wall; wherein the container body is made out of a resin; wherein the container body is formed using a blow molding process; wherein the container side wall extends uninterruptedly between the circular neck and the horizontally-extending base; and wherein the container further comprises a lid connected to the container body and covering the opening to the interior of said container body. 2. The container of claim 1, wherein the resin is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin. 3. The container of claim 1, wherein the lid is made out of a metal. 4. The container of claim 3, wherein the metal is aluminum. 5. The container of 1, wherein the base comprises a bottom wall and a depression formed therein. 6. The container of claim 1 wherein the container body further comprises a lip at the end of the circular neck opposite the upper edge of said container side wall, wherein said circular neck is adjacent to the lip. 7. The container of claim 6, wherein a first portion of the lid extends on the lip of the container body; and
wherein a second portion of the lid extends horizontally and is vertically offset from the first portion of the lid so that the second portion is located vertically between the first portion of the lid and the horizontally-extending base of the container body. 8. The container of claim 7, wherein the second portion of the lid comprises a weakened or scored area. 9. The container of claim 8, wherein the lid further comprises an arm connected to the second portion of the lid, the arm comprising an aperture to facilitate pivoting of the arm by a user; and
wherein the arm is pivotable from a first position, in which the arm extends horizontally and the weakened or scored area is not deformed, to a second position, in which the arm does not extend horizontally and the weakened or scored area is deformed to provide an opening to the interior of said container body. 10. A container, the container comprising a container body, the container body comprising a container side wall and a horizontally-extending base connected to the container side wall, wherein the container side wall and the horizontally-extending base are shaped so that an interior of said container body has a truncated spherical shape, wherein a cross-sectional diameter of a top portion of said container body is less than a cross-sectional diameter of a middle portion of said container body, wherein the horizontally-extending base defines a diameter that is less than the cross-sectional diameter of the middle portion of said container body, wherein the container body further comprises a circular neck extending vertically from the container side wall so that the container side wall extends between the circular neck and the horizontally-extending base, wherein an upper edge of said container side wall is adjacent to the circular neck of the container body, and wherein said container body defines an opening to the interior of said container body;
wherein the cross-sectional diameter of the top portion of said container body is defined by the circular neck; wherein the cross-sectional diameter of the middle portion of said container body is defined by the container side wall; and wherein the container side wall extends uninterruptedly between the circular neck and the horizontally-extending base. 11. The container of claim 10, wherein the container body is made out of a resin. 12. The container of claim 11, wherein the resin is a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin. 13. The container of claim 10, wherein the container body is formed using a blow molding process. 14. The container of claim 10, further comprising a lid connected to the container body and covering the opening to the interior of said container body. 15. The container of claim 14, wherein the lid is made out of a metal. 16. The container of claim 15, wherein the metal is aluminum. 17. The container of 10, wherein the base comprises a bottom wall and a depression formed therein. 18. The container of claim 10, wherein the container body further comprises a lip at the end of the circular neck opposite the upper edge of said container side wall, wherein said circular neck is adjacent to the lip. 19. The container of claim 18, further comprising a lid connected to the container body and covering the opening to the interior of said container body;
wherein a first portion of the lid extends on the lip of the container body; and wherein a second portion of the lid extends horizontally and is vertically offset from the first portion of the lid so that the second portion is located vertically between the first portion of the lid and the horizontally-extending base of the container body. 20. The container of claim 19, wherein the second portion of the lid comprises a weakened or scored area;
wherein the lid further comprises an arm connected to the second portion of the lid, the arm comprising an aperture to facilitate pivoting of the arm by a user; and wherein the arm is pivotable from a first position, in which the arm extends horizontally and the weakened or scored area is not deformed, to a second position, in which the arm does not extend horizontally and the weakened or scored area is deformed to provide an opening to the interior of said container body. | 3,700 |
339,333 | 16,800,228 | 3,746 | A well barrier plug and disconnect system for use during drilling operations in wellbore environments. The system comprises of a liner hanger, valve, and a drilling assembly coupled to a liner hanger running tool. The system is used to performing drilling operations in downhole wellbore environments with high risk of uncontrollable losses, cavernous zones, karst formations, or well control issues. In the event the well is on uncontrollable losses or a well control issue occurs, the liner hanger can be set into the downhole wellbore casing and a valve connected below the liner hanger can be closed creating a barrier plug in the well. Further disconnecting the liner hanger running tool from the liner hanger, valve, and drilling assembly allows retrieval of the upper drilling assembly section from the well. | 1. A well barrier and disconnect system for use during drilling operations in wellbore environments, the well barrier and disconnect system comprising:
a liner hanger coupling a drilling assembly and a valve with a liner hanger running tool; and a control mechanism to set the liner hanger into the wellbore casing and disconnect the liner hanger running tool from the liner hanger, the valve, and the drilling assembly. 2. The well barrier and release system of claim 1, wherein the control mechanism comprises a shifter and a sleeve used to open and close the valve in response to disconnecting the liner hanger running tool from the liner hanger and retrieving the liner hanger running tool. 3. The well barrier and release system of claim 1, wherein the valve comprises a valve seat for receiving a ball and the valve seat having an internal diameter less than the internal diameter of the casing liner. 4. The well barrier and release system of claim 1, wherein the valve comprises a flapper seat biased in the closed position by a spring, wherein the flapper seat is held in the open position by an extension of the liner hanger running tool and moveable in response to retrieval of the liner hanger running tool. 5. The well barrier and release system of claim 2, wherein the valve comprises a ball valve that is moveable in response to at least one of a mechanical and an electromechanical force. 6. The well barrier and release system of claim 1, wherein the liner hanger is one of an expandable liner hanger, a conventional liner hanger, or a packer. 7. The well barrier and release system of claim 6, wherein the control mechanism is further configured to perform one of:
expand the expandable liner hanger to expand against downhole well casing; or anchor the conventional liner hanger or packer with a section of downhole well casing. 8. A well barrier and disconnect device for use during drilling operations in wellbore environments, the well barrier and disconnect device comprising:
a valve having a liner hanger, the liner hanger coupling the valve and a drilling assembly with a liner hanger running tool; and a control mechanism to set the liner hanger into the wellbore casing and disconnect the liner hanger running tool from the liner hanger, the valve, and the drilling assembly. 9. The well barrier and release device of claim 8, wherein the valve comprises a valve seat for receiving a ball and the valve seat having an internal diameter less than the internal diameter of the casing liner. 10. The well barrier and release device of claim 8, wherein the valve comprises a valve seat for receiving a ball and the valve seat having an internal diameter less than the internal diameter of the casing liner. 11. The well barrier and release device of claim 8, wherein the valve comprises a flapper seat biased in the closed position by a spring, wherein the flapper seat is held in the open position by an extension of the liner hanger running tool and moveable in response to retrieval of the liner hanger running tool. 12. The well barrier and release device of claim 9, wherein the valve comprises a ball valve that is moveable in response to at least one of a mechanical or an electromechanical force. 13. The well barrier and release device of claim 8, wherein the liner hanger is one of an expandable liner hanger, a conventional liner hanger, or a packer. 14. The well barrier and release device of claim 13, wherein the mechanism is further configured to perform one of: expand the expandable liner hanger to expand against downhole well casing; or anchor the conventional liner hanger or packer with a section of downhole well casing. 15. A method of using a well barrier and disconnect system during drilling operations in wellbore environments, the method comprising:
using a liner hanger; a valve; and a drilling assembly coupled to a liner hanger running tool during drilling operations; and performing in response to an indication that the wellbore environment is on uncontrollable losses or in the event of a well control issue:
setting the liner hanger into the downhole well casing;
closing a valve that is connected below the liner hanger; and
disconnecting the liner hanger running tool from the liner hanger, valve, and drilling assembly. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising closing the valve prior to disconnecting the liner hanger running tool from the liner hanger, valve, and drilling assembly. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein closing the valve comprises performing one of:
dropping a ball into the valve; retrieving an extension pipe to close a flapper valve; or maneuvering a ball valve between an open and closed position. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising performing one of:
expanding the liner hanger against the downhole well casing; or anchoring the liner hanger into a section of downhole well casing. | A well barrier plug and disconnect system for use during drilling operations in wellbore environments. The system comprises of a liner hanger, valve, and a drilling assembly coupled to a liner hanger running tool. The system is used to performing drilling operations in downhole wellbore environments with high risk of uncontrollable losses, cavernous zones, karst formations, or well control issues. In the event the well is on uncontrollable losses or a well control issue occurs, the liner hanger can be set into the downhole wellbore casing and a valve connected below the liner hanger can be closed creating a barrier plug in the well. Further disconnecting the liner hanger running tool from the liner hanger, valve, and drilling assembly allows retrieval of the upper drilling assembly section from the well.1. A well barrier and disconnect system for use during drilling operations in wellbore environments, the well barrier and disconnect system comprising:
a liner hanger coupling a drilling assembly and a valve with a liner hanger running tool; and a control mechanism to set the liner hanger into the wellbore casing and disconnect the liner hanger running tool from the liner hanger, the valve, and the drilling assembly. 2. The well barrier and release system of claim 1, wherein the control mechanism comprises a shifter and a sleeve used to open and close the valve in response to disconnecting the liner hanger running tool from the liner hanger and retrieving the liner hanger running tool. 3. The well barrier and release system of claim 1, wherein the valve comprises a valve seat for receiving a ball and the valve seat having an internal diameter less than the internal diameter of the casing liner. 4. The well barrier and release system of claim 1, wherein the valve comprises a flapper seat biased in the closed position by a spring, wherein the flapper seat is held in the open position by an extension of the liner hanger running tool and moveable in response to retrieval of the liner hanger running tool. 5. The well barrier and release system of claim 2, wherein the valve comprises a ball valve that is moveable in response to at least one of a mechanical and an electromechanical force. 6. The well barrier and release system of claim 1, wherein the liner hanger is one of an expandable liner hanger, a conventional liner hanger, or a packer. 7. The well barrier and release system of claim 6, wherein the control mechanism is further configured to perform one of:
expand the expandable liner hanger to expand against downhole well casing; or anchor the conventional liner hanger or packer with a section of downhole well casing. 8. A well barrier and disconnect device for use during drilling operations in wellbore environments, the well barrier and disconnect device comprising:
a valve having a liner hanger, the liner hanger coupling the valve and a drilling assembly with a liner hanger running tool; and a control mechanism to set the liner hanger into the wellbore casing and disconnect the liner hanger running tool from the liner hanger, the valve, and the drilling assembly. 9. The well barrier and release device of claim 8, wherein the valve comprises a valve seat for receiving a ball and the valve seat having an internal diameter less than the internal diameter of the casing liner. 10. The well barrier and release device of claim 8, wherein the valve comprises a valve seat for receiving a ball and the valve seat having an internal diameter less than the internal diameter of the casing liner. 11. The well barrier and release device of claim 8, wherein the valve comprises a flapper seat biased in the closed position by a spring, wherein the flapper seat is held in the open position by an extension of the liner hanger running tool and moveable in response to retrieval of the liner hanger running tool. 12. The well barrier and release device of claim 9, wherein the valve comprises a ball valve that is moveable in response to at least one of a mechanical or an electromechanical force. 13. The well barrier and release device of claim 8, wherein the liner hanger is one of an expandable liner hanger, a conventional liner hanger, or a packer. 14. The well barrier and release device of claim 13, wherein the mechanism is further configured to perform one of: expand the expandable liner hanger to expand against downhole well casing; or anchor the conventional liner hanger or packer with a section of downhole well casing. 15. A method of using a well barrier and disconnect system during drilling operations in wellbore environments, the method comprising:
using a liner hanger; a valve; and a drilling assembly coupled to a liner hanger running tool during drilling operations; and performing in response to an indication that the wellbore environment is on uncontrollable losses or in the event of a well control issue:
setting the liner hanger into the downhole well casing;
closing a valve that is connected below the liner hanger; and
disconnecting the liner hanger running tool from the liner hanger, valve, and drilling assembly. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising closing the valve prior to disconnecting the liner hanger running tool from the liner hanger, valve, and drilling assembly. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein closing the valve comprises performing one of:
dropping a ball into the valve; retrieving an extension pipe to close a flapper valve; or maneuvering a ball valve between an open and closed position. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising performing one of:
expanding the liner hanger against the downhole well casing; or anchoring the liner hanger into a section of downhole well casing. | 3,700 |
339,334 | 16,800,218 | 3,746 | A temperature sensor in a rotating electric machine is disposed or installed on a surface of a temperature detection object. The temperature detection object, i.e., an installation portion, has a thickness. The temperature sensor has an inner case housing a detector element. The inner case is made of resin. The inner case has a thickness. A temperature detecting device has an outer case housing the temperature sensor. The outer case is made of resin. A linear expansion coefficient of the outer case is, within a certain temperature range including a threshold temperature for a protection of the rotating electric machine, is smaller than an average of linear expansion coefficients of the installation portion and the inner case. | 1. A temperature detector of a rotating electric machine comprising:
an installation portion configured to serve as a part of a stator coil of the rotating electric machine; a temperature sensor enclosing a detector element provided therein with a resin-made inner case, the detector element stacked on the installation portion along a stacking direction and configured to output an electric signal indicating that temperature of the installation portion has reached a predetermined threshold temperature; and an outer case made of resin and enclosing the installation portion and the temperature sensor, a linear expansion coefficient of the outer case in a temperature range below the threshold temperature being set to a smaller value than a composite linear expansion coefficient composed of a linear expansion coefficients of the installation portion and the inner case in the temperature range. 2. The temperature detector of claim 1, wherein
the threshold temperature is a protection temperature for protecting the stator coil. 3. The temperature detector of claim 1, wherein
the temperature range is higher than an allowable temperature at which a pressing force applied from the outer case to the installation portion and the inner case becomes smaller than an allowable value, and is equal to or lower than the threshold temperature. 4. The temperature detector of claim 3, wherein
the liner expansion coefficient of the outer case and the composite liner expansion coefficient are set such that the pressing force from the outer case to the installation portion and the inner case increases as the temperature rises from the allowable temperature toward the threshold temperature. 5. The temperature detector of claim 1, wherein
a value of the composite liner expansion coefficient is obtained by composing the liner expansion coefficient of the installation portion and the liner expansion coefficient of the inner case according to thickness of the installation portion along the stacking direction and thickness of the inner case along the stacking direction. 6. The temperature detector of claim 1, wherein
a value of the composite liner expansion coefficient is obtained as an average value of the liner expansion coefficients by averaging the liner expansion coefficient of the installation portion and the liner expansion coefficient of the inner case according to thickness of the installation portion along the stacking direction and thickness of the inner case along the stacking direction. 7. A rotating electric machine comprising:
a temperature detector, the temperature detector including: an installation portion configured to serve as a part of a stator coil of the rotating electric machine; a temperature sensor enclosing a detector element provided therein with a resin-made inner case, the detector element stacked on the installation portion along a stacking direction and configured to output an electric signal indicating that temperature of the installation portion has reached a predetermined threshold temperature; and an outer case made of resin and enclosing the installation portion and the temperature sensor, a linear expansion coefficient of the outer case in a temperature range below the threshold temperature being set to a smaller value than a composite linear expansion coefficient composed of a linear expansion coefficients of the installation portion and the inner case in the temperature range; a stator having a stator coil; a rotor magnetically coupled to the stator; and a housing for housing the rotor. 8. The rotating electric machine of claim 7 further comprising:
a control device determining whether the temperature of the installation portion has reached the threshold temperature based on the electric signal. 9. A method of manufacturing a temperature detector of a rotating electric machine comprising steps of:
stacking a temperature sensor having a detector element that is housed in an inner case made of resin on an installation portion that is part of a stator coil of the rotating electric machine along a stacking direction, the detector element outputting an electric signal indicating that a detected temperature has reached a preset threshold temperature; molding an outer case made of resin to enclose the installation portion and the temperature sensor by using a mold; controlling the temperature of the mold to a target temperature; and adjusting a linear expansion coefficient of the outer case in a temperature range between the target temperature and the threshold temperature to be smaller than a composite linear expansion coefficient composed of (i) the linear expansion coefficient of the installation portion in the temperature range and (ii) the linear expansion coefficient of the inner case in the temperature range. 10. A method of protecting a rotating electric machine comprising steps of:
stacking a temperature sensor having a detector element that is housed in an inner case made of resin on an installation portion that is part of a stator coil of the rotating electric machine along a stacking direction, the detector element outputting an electric signal indicating that a detected temperature has reached a preset threshold temperature; molding an outer case made of resin to enclose the installation portion and the temperature sensor by using a mold; controlling the temperature of the forming die to a target temperature (Ttg); adjusting a linear expansion coefficient of the outer case in a temperature range between the target temperature and the threshold temperature to be smaller than a composite linear expansion coefficient composed of (i) the linear expansion coefficient of the installation portion in the temperature range and (ii) the linear expansion coefficient of the inner case in the temperature range; and performing a protection control that protects the rotating electric machine when the detected temperature reaches the threshold temperature. | A temperature sensor in a rotating electric machine is disposed or installed on a surface of a temperature detection object. The temperature detection object, i.e., an installation portion, has a thickness. The temperature sensor has an inner case housing a detector element. The inner case is made of resin. The inner case has a thickness. A temperature detecting device has an outer case housing the temperature sensor. The outer case is made of resin. A linear expansion coefficient of the outer case is, within a certain temperature range including a threshold temperature for a protection of the rotating electric machine, is smaller than an average of linear expansion coefficients of the installation portion and the inner case.1. A temperature detector of a rotating electric machine comprising:
an installation portion configured to serve as a part of a stator coil of the rotating electric machine; a temperature sensor enclosing a detector element provided therein with a resin-made inner case, the detector element stacked on the installation portion along a stacking direction and configured to output an electric signal indicating that temperature of the installation portion has reached a predetermined threshold temperature; and an outer case made of resin and enclosing the installation portion and the temperature sensor, a linear expansion coefficient of the outer case in a temperature range below the threshold temperature being set to a smaller value than a composite linear expansion coefficient composed of a linear expansion coefficients of the installation portion and the inner case in the temperature range. 2. The temperature detector of claim 1, wherein
the threshold temperature is a protection temperature for protecting the stator coil. 3. The temperature detector of claim 1, wherein
the temperature range is higher than an allowable temperature at which a pressing force applied from the outer case to the installation portion and the inner case becomes smaller than an allowable value, and is equal to or lower than the threshold temperature. 4. The temperature detector of claim 3, wherein
the liner expansion coefficient of the outer case and the composite liner expansion coefficient are set such that the pressing force from the outer case to the installation portion and the inner case increases as the temperature rises from the allowable temperature toward the threshold temperature. 5. The temperature detector of claim 1, wherein
a value of the composite liner expansion coefficient is obtained by composing the liner expansion coefficient of the installation portion and the liner expansion coefficient of the inner case according to thickness of the installation portion along the stacking direction and thickness of the inner case along the stacking direction. 6. The temperature detector of claim 1, wherein
a value of the composite liner expansion coefficient is obtained as an average value of the liner expansion coefficients by averaging the liner expansion coefficient of the installation portion and the liner expansion coefficient of the inner case according to thickness of the installation portion along the stacking direction and thickness of the inner case along the stacking direction. 7. A rotating electric machine comprising:
a temperature detector, the temperature detector including: an installation portion configured to serve as a part of a stator coil of the rotating electric machine; a temperature sensor enclosing a detector element provided therein with a resin-made inner case, the detector element stacked on the installation portion along a stacking direction and configured to output an electric signal indicating that temperature of the installation portion has reached a predetermined threshold temperature; and an outer case made of resin and enclosing the installation portion and the temperature sensor, a linear expansion coefficient of the outer case in a temperature range below the threshold temperature being set to a smaller value than a composite linear expansion coefficient composed of a linear expansion coefficients of the installation portion and the inner case in the temperature range; a stator having a stator coil; a rotor magnetically coupled to the stator; and a housing for housing the rotor. 8. The rotating electric machine of claim 7 further comprising:
a control device determining whether the temperature of the installation portion has reached the threshold temperature based on the electric signal. 9. A method of manufacturing a temperature detector of a rotating electric machine comprising steps of:
stacking a temperature sensor having a detector element that is housed in an inner case made of resin on an installation portion that is part of a stator coil of the rotating electric machine along a stacking direction, the detector element outputting an electric signal indicating that a detected temperature has reached a preset threshold temperature; molding an outer case made of resin to enclose the installation portion and the temperature sensor by using a mold; controlling the temperature of the mold to a target temperature; and adjusting a linear expansion coefficient of the outer case in a temperature range between the target temperature and the threshold temperature to be smaller than a composite linear expansion coefficient composed of (i) the linear expansion coefficient of the installation portion in the temperature range and (ii) the linear expansion coefficient of the inner case in the temperature range. 10. A method of protecting a rotating electric machine comprising steps of:
stacking a temperature sensor having a detector element that is housed in an inner case made of resin on an installation portion that is part of a stator coil of the rotating electric machine along a stacking direction, the detector element outputting an electric signal indicating that a detected temperature has reached a preset threshold temperature; molding an outer case made of resin to enclose the installation portion and the temperature sensor by using a mold; controlling the temperature of the forming die to a target temperature (Ttg); adjusting a linear expansion coefficient of the outer case in a temperature range between the target temperature and the threshold temperature to be smaller than a composite linear expansion coefficient composed of (i) the linear expansion coefficient of the installation portion in the temperature range and (ii) the linear expansion coefficient of the inner case in the temperature range; and performing a protection control that protects the rotating electric machine when the detected temperature reaches the threshold temperature. | 3,700 |
339,335 | 16,800,226 | 3,746 | A manufacturing apparatus for assembling a container including a sleeve, a bowl cover with a cavity, a closed state clamshell with a hinge having a mating protrusion, and a flexible strip having a primary and secondary end portions that are affixed with adhesive between the cover and clamshell. The manufacturing apparatus includes a base, a spindle, with primary and secondary radially extending platforms, respectively supporting primary and secondary cradles with the bowl and clamshell disposed therebetween the cradles that are rotated. The manufacturing apparatus also includes a guide slidably engaged to the base, wherein the guide directs the strip to be helically wound about the clamshell and cover with a base slide mounted adhesive nozzle that affixes the primary and secondary end portions of the strip to the cover and clamshell with a head that cuts and holds the strip with the head slidably engaged to the base. | 1. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus, the container apparatus having a longitudinal axis, a surrounding sidewall sleeve, a bowl shaped cover with a cavity disposed in the cover opposite of the bowl shape, a folded closed state clamshell element with a hinge having a mating protrusion, a flexible planar strip having a primary end portion and a secondary end portion that are affixed with adhesive between respectively the cover and the clamshell element, said manufacturing apparatus comprising:
(a) a base structure including a spindle that rotates about a spindle axis, said spindle has a primary radially extending platform and a parallel positioned secondary radially extending platform; (b) a primary cradle that is rotationally engaged about a cradle axis to said primary radially extending platform, said primary cradle having a primary cradle concave portion and a primary cradle convex portion; (c) a secondary cradle that is rotationally engaged about said cradle axis to said secondary radially extending platform, said secondary cradle having a secondary cradle concave portion and a secondary cradle convex portion, wherein said primary cradle convex portion is positioned to face said secondary cradle concave portion; (d) a guide assembly that is slidably engaged having a guide assembly slidable movement to said base structure along a guide axis, wherein said guide axis is positioned parallel to said cradle axis, wherein said guide assembly operationally guides the flexible planar strip along said cradle axis; (e) a first means for imparting rotational movement to said primary cradle about said cradle axis; and (f) a second means for imparting said guide assembly slidable movement to said guide assembly between said primary and said secondary cradles functioning simultaneously with said first means for imparting rotational movement, wherein operationally the cover bowl shape is placed upon said primary cradle convex portion and the folded closed state clamshell element hinge mating protrusion is disposed within the cover cavity providing for rotational engagement between the cover and the clamshell element about said cradle axis, and further the non-hinge end of the folded clamshell element is disposed within said secondary cradle concave portion thus facilitating the cover and the clamshell element rotating in unison about said cradle axis via said primary and secondary cradles, next affixing the secondary end portion of the flexible planar strip to the clamshell element adjacent to said secondary cradle, activating said first and second means to helically wind the flexible planar strip progressively toward the cover and affixing the primary end portion of the flexible planar element to the cover adjacent to said primary cradle. 2. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said first means for imparting rotational movement is selected from the group consisting of electric motors and pneumatic motors. 3. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said second means for imparting said slidable movement is selected from the group consisting of electric solenoids and pneumatic actuators. 4. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a valved adhesive nozzle assembly that is slidably engaged having an adhesive nozzle assembly slidable movement to said base structure along an adhesive nozzle axis, said adhesive nozzle assembly slidable movement operates simultaneously with said first and second means, wherein said adhesive nozzle axis is positioned parallel to said cradle axis, wherein said adhesive nozzle assembly operationally affixes the flexible planar strip to both the affixing of the secondary end portion of the flexible planar strip to the clamshell element adjacent to said secondary cradle and affixing the primary end portion of the flexible planar strip to the cover adjacent to said primary cradle all along said cradle axis. 5. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said adhesive nozzle assembly slidable movement is selected from the group consisting of electric solenoids and pneumatic actuators. 6. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a flexible planar strip holding and cutting head that is slidably engaged to said base having both head reciprocating movement along a reciprocating head axis perpendicular to said cradle axis and head sliding movement parallel to said cradle axis along a head sliding movement axis, wherein operationally through both said head reciprocating movement and said head sliding movement said head places the secondary end portion of the flexible planar strip to the clamshell element adjacent to said secondary cradle and next said head reciprocating movement pulls said head away from said cradle axis releasing the flexible planar strip and through said head sliding movement and said head reciprocating movement said head positions to hold and cut the flexible planar strip forming the primary end portion of the flexible planar strip at the cover adjacent to said primary cradle. 7. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said head reciprocating movement and head sliding movement are selected from the group consisting of electric solenoids and pneumatic actuators. 8. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said head further comprises an arcuate finger element that extends from said head being positioned to partially circumvent said cradle axis, wherein operationally said arcuate finger element nests the secondary end portion of the flexible planar strip to be adjacent to an outer periphery surface of the clamshell element to help improve affixing of the secondary end portion of the flexible planar strip to the clamshell element adjacent to said secondary cradle being prior to starting the helical wind the flexible planar strip. 9. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a sleeving assembly for disposing the surrounding sidewall over the helically wound flexible planar strip clamshell element and cover, wherein said sleeving assembly is pivotally attached to said base structure, said sleeving assembly further includes a reciprocating piston on a reciprocating axis that drives the surrounding sidewall over the helically wound flexible planar strip clamshell element and cover, said sleeving assembly also including a reciprocating and pivoting mechanism for said secondary cradle having a secondary cradle reciprocating axis and a secondary cradle pivoting axis that operationally facilitates said secondary cradle being removed from the non-hinge end of the folded clamshell element to allow access of said sleeving assembly over the clamshell element and cover, further to support the clamshell element and cover without said secondary cradle support a split grasping clamp is pivotally attached to said base structure through a clamp pivoting axis, wherein said split grasping clamp encompasses the clamshell element while said secondary cradle is removed from the clamshell element to support the clamshell element and cover until said sleeving assembly is positioned over and partially onto the clamshell element, at which time said split grasping clamp moves away from the clamshell element to allow said sleeving assembly to complete driving the surrounding sidewall over the helically wound flexible planar strip clamshell element and cover. | A manufacturing apparatus for assembling a container including a sleeve, a bowl cover with a cavity, a closed state clamshell with a hinge having a mating protrusion, and a flexible strip having a primary and secondary end portions that are affixed with adhesive between the cover and clamshell. The manufacturing apparatus includes a base, a spindle, with primary and secondary radially extending platforms, respectively supporting primary and secondary cradles with the bowl and clamshell disposed therebetween the cradles that are rotated. The manufacturing apparatus also includes a guide slidably engaged to the base, wherein the guide directs the strip to be helically wound about the clamshell and cover with a base slide mounted adhesive nozzle that affixes the primary and secondary end portions of the strip to the cover and clamshell with a head that cuts and holds the strip with the head slidably engaged to the base.1. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus, the container apparatus having a longitudinal axis, a surrounding sidewall sleeve, a bowl shaped cover with a cavity disposed in the cover opposite of the bowl shape, a folded closed state clamshell element with a hinge having a mating protrusion, a flexible planar strip having a primary end portion and a secondary end portion that are affixed with adhesive between respectively the cover and the clamshell element, said manufacturing apparatus comprising:
(a) a base structure including a spindle that rotates about a spindle axis, said spindle has a primary radially extending platform and a parallel positioned secondary radially extending platform; (b) a primary cradle that is rotationally engaged about a cradle axis to said primary radially extending platform, said primary cradle having a primary cradle concave portion and a primary cradle convex portion; (c) a secondary cradle that is rotationally engaged about said cradle axis to said secondary radially extending platform, said secondary cradle having a secondary cradle concave portion and a secondary cradle convex portion, wherein said primary cradle convex portion is positioned to face said secondary cradle concave portion; (d) a guide assembly that is slidably engaged having a guide assembly slidable movement to said base structure along a guide axis, wherein said guide axis is positioned parallel to said cradle axis, wherein said guide assembly operationally guides the flexible planar strip along said cradle axis; (e) a first means for imparting rotational movement to said primary cradle about said cradle axis; and (f) a second means for imparting said guide assembly slidable movement to said guide assembly between said primary and said secondary cradles functioning simultaneously with said first means for imparting rotational movement, wherein operationally the cover bowl shape is placed upon said primary cradle convex portion and the folded closed state clamshell element hinge mating protrusion is disposed within the cover cavity providing for rotational engagement between the cover and the clamshell element about said cradle axis, and further the non-hinge end of the folded clamshell element is disposed within said secondary cradle concave portion thus facilitating the cover and the clamshell element rotating in unison about said cradle axis via said primary and secondary cradles, next affixing the secondary end portion of the flexible planar strip to the clamshell element adjacent to said secondary cradle, activating said first and second means to helically wind the flexible planar strip progressively toward the cover and affixing the primary end portion of the flexible planar element to the cover adjacent to said primary cradle. 2. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said first means for imparting rotational movement is selected from the group consisting of electric motors and pneumatic motors. 3. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said second means for imparting said slidable movement is selected from the group consisting of electric solenoids and pneumatic actuators. 4. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a valved adhesive nozzle assembly that is slidably engaged having an adhesive nozzle assembly slidable movement to said base structure along an adhesive nozzle axis, said adhesive nozzle assembly slidable movement operates simultaneously with said first and second means, wherein said adhesive nozzle axis is positioned parallel to said cradle axis, wherein said adhesive nozzle assembly operationally affixes the flexible planar strip to both the affixing of the secondary end portion of the flexible planar strip to the clamshell element adjacent to said secondary cradle and affixing the primary end portion of the flexible planar strip to the cover adjacent to said primary cradle all along said cradle axis. 5. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said adhesive nozzle assembly slidable movement is selected from the group consisting of electric solenoids and pneumatic actuators. 6. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a flexible planar strip holding and cutting head that is slidably engaged to said base having both head reciprocating movement along a reciprocating head axis perpendicular to said cradle axis and head sliding movement parallel to said cradle axis along a head sliding movement axis, wherein operationally through both said head reciprocating movement and said head sliding movement said head places the secondary end portion of the flexible planar strip to the clamshell element adjacent to said secondary cradle and next said head reciprocating movement pulls said head away from said cradle axis releasing the flexible planar strip and through said head sliding movement and said head reciprocating movement said head positions to hold and cut the flexible planar strip forming the primary end portion of the flexible planar strip at the cover adjacent to said primary cradle. 7. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said head reciprocating movement and head sliding movement are selected from the group consisting of electric solenoids and pneumatic actuators. 8. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said head further comprises an arcuate finger element that extends from said head being positioned to partially circumvent said cradle axis, wherein operationally said arcuate finger element nests the secondary end portion of the flexible planar strip to be adjacent to an outer periphery surface of the clamshell element to help improve affixing of the secondary end portion of the flexible planar strip to the clamshell element adjacent to said secondary cradle being prior to starting the helical wind the flexible planar strip. 9. A manufacturing apparatus for assembling components of a container apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a sleeving assembly for disposing the surrounding sidewall over the helically wound flexible planar strip clamshell element and cover, wherein said sleeving assembly is pivotally attached to said base structure, said sleeving assembly further includes a reciprocating piston on a reciprocating axis that drives the surrounding sidewall over the helically wound flexible planar strip clamshell element and cover, said sleeving assembly also including a reciprocating and pivoting mechanism for said secondary cradle having a secondary cradle reciprocating axis and a secondary cradle pivoting axis that operationally facilitates said secondary cradle being removed from the non-hinge end of the folded clamshell element to allow access of said sleeving assembly over the clamshell element and cover, further to support the clamshell element and cover without said secondary cradle support a split grasping clamp is pivotally attached to said base structure through a clamp pivoting axis, wherein said split grasping clamp encompasses the clamshell element while said secondary cradle is removed from the clamshell element to support the clamshell element and cover until said sleeving assembly is positioned over and partially onto the clamshell element, at which time said split grasping clamp moves away from the clamshell element to allow said sleeving assembly to complete driving the surrounding sidewall over the helically wound flexible planar strip clamshell element and cover. | 3,700 |
339,336 | 16,800,209 | 3,746 | The present invention pertains to a composition for preparing a medicament for preventing and/or treating a virus infection, especially a hepatitis B virus infection and/or a herpes simplex virus, and uses thereof. | 1. A method for inhibiting a virus infection comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a preparation of Antrodia camphorata, and/or one or more active compounds isolated form Antrodia camphorata. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the preparation of Antrodia camphorate is one or more selected from the group consisting of an extract of Antrodia camphorate, an extract of a dish culture of Antrodia camphorate, an extract of Antrodia camphorata fruit body, and active compounds isolated from the above-mentioned extracts, and the derivatives thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the active compound isolated from Antrodia camphorata is one or more selected from the group consisting of the following: 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the active compound isolated from Antrodia camphorata is one or more selected from the group consisting of the following: 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the virus infection is selected from the group consisting of a hepatitis virus infection, an influenza virus infection, a herpes simplex virus infection, an enterovirus infection, a rotavirus infection, a dengue virus infection, a poxvirus infection, a human immunodeficiency virus infection, an adenovirus infection, a coronavirus infection, an arenavirus infection, a measles virus infection, a retrovirus infection and a Norovirus infection. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the virus infection is a hepatitis virus infection. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the virus infection is a hepatitis virus B infection, a hepatitis virus C infection, or a hepatitis virus D infection. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the virus infection is a hepatitis virus B infection. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the virus infection is a herpes simplex virus infection. 10. The method of claim 1, in which the preparation of Antrodia camphorata is effective in inhibiting a virus replication, an assembly or a release of viral particles. 11. The method of claim 1, in which the preparation of Antrodia camphorata is effective in inhibiting an entry of virus. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering at least one additional therapeutic agent. | The present invention pertains to a composition for preparing a medicament for preventing and/or treating a virus infection, especially a hepatitis B virus infection and/or a herpes simplex virus, and uses thereof.1. A method for inhibiting a virus infection comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a preparation of Antrodia camphorata, and/or one or more active compounds isolated form Antrodia camphorata. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the preparation of Antrodia camphorate is one or more selected from the group consisting of an extract of Antrodia camphorate, an extract of a dish culture of Antrodia camphorate, an extract of Antrodia camphorata fruit body, and active compounds isolated from the above-mentioned extracts, and the derivatives thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the active compound isolated from Antrodia camphorata is one or more selected from the group consisting of the following: 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the active compound isolated from Antrodia camphorata is one or more selected from the group consisting of the following: 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the virus infection is selected from the group consisting of a hepatitis virus infection, an influenza virus infection, a herpes simplex virus infection, an enterovirus infection, a rotavirus infection, a dengue virus infection, a poxvirus infection, a human immunodeficiency virus infection, an adenovirus infection, a coronavirus infection, an arenavirus infection, a measles virus infection, a retrovirus infection and a Norovirus infection. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the virus infection is a hepatitis virus infection. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the virus infection is a hepatitis virus B infection, a hepatitis virus C infection, or a hepatitis virus D infection. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the virus infection is a hepatitis virus B infection. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the virus infection is a herpes simplex virus infection. 10. The method of claim 1, in which the preparation of Antrodia camphorata is effective in inhibiting a virus replication, an assembly or a release of viral particles. 11. The method of claim 1, in which the preparation of Antrodia camphorata is effective in inhibiting an entry of virus. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering at least one additional therapeutic agent. | 3,700 |
339,337 | 16,800,260 | 2,827 | The present invention pertains to a composition for preparing a medicament for preventing and/or treating a virus infection, especially a hepatitis B virus infection and/or a herpes simplex virus, and uses thereof. | 1. A method for inhibiting a virus infection comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a preparation of Antrodia camphorata, and/or one or more active compounds isolated form Antrodia camphorata. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the preparation of Antrodia camphorate is one or more selected from the group consisting of an extract of Antrodia camphorate, an extract of a dish culture of Antrodia camphorate, an extract of Antrodia camphorata fruit body, and active compounds isolated from the above-mentioned extracts, and the derivatives thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the active compound isolated from Antrodia camphorata is one or more selected from the group consisting of the following: 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the active compound isolated from Antrodia camphorata is one or more selected from the group consisting of the following: 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the virus infection is selected from the group consisting of a hepatitis virus infection, an influenza virus infection, a herpes simplex virus infection, an enterovirus infection, a rotavirus infection, a dengue virus infection, a poxvirus infection, a human immunodeficiency virus infection, an adenovirus infection, a coronavirus infection, an arenavirus infection, a measles virus infection, a retrovirus infection and a Norovirus infection. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the virus infection is a hepatitis virus infection. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the virus infection is a hepatitis virus B infection, a hepatitis virus C infection, or a hepatitis virus D infection. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the virus infection is a hepatitis virus B infection. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the virus infection is a herpes simplex virus infection. 10. The method of claim 1, in which the preparation of Antrodia camphorata is effective in inhibiting a virus replication, an assembly or a release of viral particles. 11. The method of claim 1, in which the preparation of Antrodia camphorata is effective in inhibiting an entry of virus. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering at least one additional therapeutic agent. | The present invention pertains to a composition for preparing a medicament for preventing and/or treating a virus infection, especially a hepatitis B virus infection and/or a herpes simplex virus, and uses thereof.1. A method for inhibiting a virus infection comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a preparation of Antrodia camphorata, and/or one or more active compounds isolated form Antrodia camphorata. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the preparation of Antrodia camphorate is one or more selected from the group consisting of an extract of Antrodia camphorate, an extract of a dish culture of Antrodia camphorate, an extract of Antrodia camphorata fruit body, and active compounds isolated from the above-mentioned extracts, and the derivatives thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the active compound isolated from Antrodia camphorata is one or more selected from the group consisting of the following: 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the active compound isolated from Antrodia camphorata is one or more selected from the group consisting of the following: 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the virus infection is selected from the group consisting of a hepatitis virus infection, an influenza virus infection, a herpes simplex virus infection, an enterovirus infection, a rotavirus infection, a dengue virus infection, a poxvirus infection, a human immunodeficiency virus infection, an adenovirus infection, a coronavirus infection, an arenavirus infection, a measles virus infection, a retrovirus infection and a Norovirus infection. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the virus infection is a hepatitis virus infection. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the virus infection is a hepatitis virus B infection, a hepatitis virus C infection, or a hepatitis virus D infection. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the virus infection is a hepatitis virus B infection. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the virus infection is a herpes simplex virus infection. 10. The method of claim 1, in which the preparation of Antrodia camphorata is effective in inhibiting a virus replication, an assembly or a release of viral particles. 11. The method of claim 1, in which the preparation of Antrodia camphorata is effective in inhibiting an entry of virus. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering at least one additional therapeutic agent. | 2,800 |
339,338 | 16,800,247 | 2,827 | A fluid switchover device includes a housing having at least three ports leading into an interior space; a valve flap rotatably arranged within the housing and having a rotational axis that is mounted to the housing at first and second locations; and a circumferential seal mounted to the valve flap and having first and second evasion portions at first and second locations, respectively, which are configured to evade the rotational axis on the same side of the valve flap, and the valve flap is configured to slidingly engage a boundary of the interior space by means of the circumferential seal, so that at a first position of the valve flap, the first and second ports are connected, and the first and third ports are mutually sealed off, and in a second position, the first and third ports are connected, and the first and second ports are mutually sealed off. | 1. Fluid switchover device comprising:
a housing comprising at least three ports leading into an interior space; a valve flap comprising a rotational axis, the valve flap being rotatably arranged within the housing, and the rotational axis being mounted to the housing at a first location and being mounted to the housing at a second location; and a circumferential seal mounted to the valve flap and comprising a first evasion portion at the first location and a second evasion portion at the second location, the first evasion portion and the second evasion portion being configured to evade the rotational axis on the same side of the valve flap, and wherein the valve flap is configured to slidingly engage a boundary of the interior space by means of the circumferential seal, so that at a first position of the valve flap, the first port is connected to the second port and the first port is sealed off from the third port, and so that in a second position of the valve flap, the first port is connected to the third port and the first port is sealed off from the second port. 2. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the valve flap comprises a first flat side and a second flat side, wherein the first evasion portion and the second evasion portion extend either on the first flat side or on the second flat side. 3. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the valve flap comprises a front side, the circumferential seal being mounted on the front side of the valve flap. 4. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the rotational axis extends centrally within the valve flap, so that an area of the valve flap between the first location and an edge of the interior space between a first pair of ports is identical to an area of the valve flap between the first location and an edge of the interior space between a second pair of ports; in the second pair of ports, at least one port differs from the ports of the first pair of ports. 5. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the valve flap exhibits a flat shape and four front sides, the rotational axis projecting from a first front side and from a second front side, wherein the circumferential seal comprises one straight portion on each of the third and fourth front sides of the valve flap, wherein the first evasion portion and the second evasion portion being mounted on the first and second front sides and being connected to the straight portion on the third and fourth front sides, respectively, via a respectively straight portion. 6. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the circumferential seal is an O ring held within an O ring holding portion of the valve flap and projecting beyond the valve flap so as to slidingly engage the interior space of the housing. 7. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the valve flap comprises two valve flap parts, wherein the circumferential seal is continuously in contact with a first valve flap part, wherein the rotational axis is arranged between the first valve flap part and the second valve flap part, and wherein the second valve flap part is not in contact with the circumferential seal at the first evasion portion and the second evasion portion of the circumferential seal. 8. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 7,
wherein the first valve flap part and the second valve flap part are configured in the same manner, wherein the first valve flap part is screwed or bonded to the second valve flap part, and the rotational axis is received between the first valve flap part and the second valve flap part, wherein screw ends are sealed off, or wherein the rotational axis has at least one alignment pin connected thereto which is attached to the rotational axis or extends through a bore within the rotational axis, the at least one alignment pin being arranged between the first valve flap part and the second valve flap part. 9. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
which is configured as a two-way switch comprising four ports, the four ports being arranged such that in the first position of the valve flap, the first port is connected to the second port and the third port is connected to the fourth port, and so that in the second position of the valve flap, the first port is connected to the third port and the second port is connected to the fourth port. 10. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 9,
wherein the interior space is cylindrical and the ports are arranged within the housing such a manner as to lead into the interior space, wherein an angle of from 70 degrees to 110 degrees exists between two mouth centers of two adjacent ports. 11. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the rotational axis extends through the housing at the first location and is sealed off from the surroundings of the fluid switchover device by a seal, and wherein the rotational axis does not extend through the housing at the second location but is held within the housing via a blind hole. 12. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1, comprising an actuator device so as to actuate the rotational axis as a function of a control signal so as to rotate the valve flap between the first position and the second position. 13. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the housing comprises an insert sealed off from an upper side of the housing by an O-ring seal, or sealed off from a lower side of the housing by an O-ring seal, the insert for a port comprising a double O-ring seal so as to keep a pipe, which adjoins the port, in a liquid-tight state. 14. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the housing comprises a lower side, an upper side, and an insert, wherein the insert has the ports formed therein, and wherein the insert between the upper side and the lower side defines, together with the upper side and the lower side, the interior space, a mouth of a port within the insert being provided with one chamfer, respectively, so that any wear and tear that might be caused by the sliding engagement at the circumferential seal is reduced or eliminated. 15. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 13,
wherein the lower side comprises a blind hole for receiving the rotational axis at the second location, wherein the upper side comprises a through hole for receiving the rotational axis at the first location, and wherein the lower side and the upper side are otherwise configured in the same manner. 16. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the circumferential seal or any other seals are formed as O rings. 17. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the valve flap is essentially formed of plastic, wherein the rotational axis is essentially formed of metal, and wherein the circumferential seal is formed of a rubber material. 18. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the rotational axis is mounted by a first slide bearing at the first location and is mounted by a second slide bearing at the second location, the first slide bearing or the second slide bearing being formed as flange bushings, and an O-ring seal being formed between the circumferential seal and surroundings so as to seal off the interior space of the housing from the surroundings. 19. Method of producing a housing comprising at least three ports leading into an interior space, and a valve flap comprising a rotational axis, the valve flap being rotatably arranged within the housing, and the rotational axis being mounted to the housing at a first location and being mounted to the housing at a second location, the method comprising:
mounting a circumferential seal to the valve flap, said circumferential seal comprising a first evasion portion at the first location and a second evasion portion at the second location, the first evasion portion and the second evasion portion being configured to evade the rotational axis on the same side of the valve flap, and inserting the valve flap into the interior space, so that the valve flap slidingly engages a boundary of the interior space by means of the circumferential seal, so that at a first position of the valve flap, the first port is connected to the second port and the first port is sealed off from the third port, and so that in a second position of the valve flap, the first port is connected to the third port and the first port is sealed off from the second port. | A fluid switchover device includes a housing having at least three ports leading into an interior space; a valve flap rotatably arranged within the housing and having a rotational axis that is mounted to the housing at first and second locations; and a circumferential seal mounted to the valve flap and having first and second evasion portions at first and second locations, respectively, which are configured to evade the rotational axis on the same side of the valve flap, and the valve flap is configured to slidingly engage a boundary of the interior space by means of the circumferential seal, so that at a first position of the valve flap, the first and second ports are connected, and the first and third ports are mutually sealed off, and in a second position, the first and third ports are connected, and the first and second ports are mutually sealed off.1. Fluid switchover device comprising:
a housing comprising at least three ports leading into an interior space; a valve flap comprising a rotational axis, the valve flap being rotatably arranged within the housing, and the rotational axis being mounted to the housing at a first location and being mounted to the housing at a second location; and a circumferential seal mounted to the valve flap and comprising a first evasion portion at the first location and a second evasion portion at the second location, the first evasion portion and the second evasion portion being configured to evade the rotational axis on the same side of the valve flap, and wherein the valve flap is configured to slidingly engage a boundary of the interior space by means of the circumferential seal, so that at a first position of the valve flap, the first port is connected to the second port and the first port is sealed off from the third port, and so that in a second position of the valve flap, the first port is connected to the third port and the first port is sealed off from the second port. 2. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the valve flap comprises a first flat side and a second flat side, wherein the first evasion portion and the second evasion portion extend either on the first flat side or on the second flat side. 3. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the valve flap comprises a front side, the circumferential seal being mounted on the front side of the valve flap. 4. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the rotational axis extends centrally within the valve flap, so that an area of the valve flap between the first location and an edge of the interior space between a first pair of ports is identical to an area of the valve flap between the first location and an edge of the interior space between a second pair of ports; in the second pair of ports, at least one port differs from the ports of the first pair of ports. 5. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the valve flap exhibits a flat shape and four front sides, the rotational axis projecting from a first front side and from a second front side, wherein the circumferential seal comprises one straight portion on each of the third and fourth front sides of the valve flap, wherein the first evasion portion and the second evasion portion being mounted on the first and second front sides and being connected to the straight portion on the third and fourth front sides, respectively, via a respectively straight portion. 6. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the circumferential seal is an O ring held within an O ring holding portion of the valve flap and projecting beyond the valve flap so as to slidingly engage the interior space of the housing. 7. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the valve flap comprises two valve flap parts, wherein the circumferential seal is continuously in contact with a first valve flap part, wherein the rotational axis is arranged between the first valve flap part and the second valve flap part, and wherein the second valve flap part is not in contact with the circumferential seal at the first evasion portion and the second evasion portion of the circumferential seal. 8. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 7,
wherein the first valve flap part and the second valve flap part are configured in the same manner, wherein the first valve flap part is screwed or bonded to the second valve flap part, and the rotational axis is received between the first valve flap part and the second valve flap part, wherein screw ends are sealed off, or wherein the rotational axis has at least one alignment pin connected thereto which is attached to the rotational axis or extends through a bore within the rotational axis, the at least one alignment pin being arranged between the first valve flap part and the second valve flap part. 9. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
which is configured as a two-way switch comprising four ports, the four ports being arranged such that in the first position of the valve flap, the first port is connected to the second port and the third port is connected to the fourth port, and so that in the second position of the valve flap, the first port is connected to the third port and the second port is connected to the fourth port. 10. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 9,
wherein the interior space is cylindrical and the ports are arranged within the housing such a manner as to lead into the interior space, wherein an angle of from 70 degrees to 110 degrees exists between two mouth centers of two adjacent ports. 11. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the rotational axis extends through the housing at the first location and is sealed off from the surroundings of the fluid switchover device by a seal, and wherein the rotational axis does not extend through the housing at the second location but is held within the housing via a blind hole. 12. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1, comprising an actuator device so as to actuate the rotational axis as a function of a control signal so as to rotate the valve flap between the first position and the second position. 13. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the housing comprises an insert sealed off from an upper side of the housing by an O-ring seal, or sealed off from a lower side of the housing by an O-ring seal, the insert for a port comprising a double O-ring seal so as to keep a pipe, which adjoins the port, in a liquid-tight state. 14. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the housing comprises a lower side, an upper side, and an insert, wherein the insert has the ports formed therein, and wherein the insert between the upper side and the lower side defines, together with the upper side and the lower side, the interior space, a mouth of a port within the insert being provided with one chamfer, respectively, so that any wear and tear that might be caused by the sliding engagement at the circumferential seal is reduced or eliminated. 15. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 13,
wherein the lower side comprises a blind hole for receiving the rotational axis at the second location, wherein the upper side comprises a through hole for receiving the rotational axis at the first location, and wherein the lower side and the upper side are otherwise configured in the same manner. 16. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the circumferential seal or any other seals are formed as O rings. 17. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the valve flap is essentially formed of plastic, wherein the rotational axis is essentially formed of metal, and wherein the circumferential seal is formed of a rubber material. 18. Fluid switchover device as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the rotational axis is mounted by a first slide bearing at the first location and is mounted by a second slide bearing at the second location, the first slide bearing or the second slide bearing being formed as flange bushings, and an O-ring seal being formed between the circumferential seal and surroundings so as to seal off the interior space of the housing from the surroundings. 19. Method of producing a housing comprising at least three ports leading into an interior space, and a valve flap comprising a rotational axis, the valve flap being rotatably arranged within the housing, and the rotational axis being mounted to the housing at a first location and being mounted to the housing at a second location, the method comprising:
mounting a circumferential seal to the valve flap, said circumferential seal comprising a first evasion portion at the first location and a second evasion portion at the second location, the first evasion portion and the second evasion portion being configured to evade the rotational axis on the same side of the valve flap, and inserting the valve flap into the interior space, so that the valve flap slidingly engages a boundary of the interior space by means of the circumferential seal, so that at a first position of the valve flap, the first port is connected to the second port and the first port is sealed off from the third port, and so that in a second position of the valve flap, the first port is connected to the third port and the first port is sealed off from the second port. | 2,800 |
339,339 | 16,800,184 | 2,827 | A vehicle key assembly may include a main body case; an emergency key including a key portion and a knob connected to the key portion and provided to be introduced into the main body case; a restraining member; and a manipulator configured to operate the restraining member, wherein the knob includes: a knob case connected to the key portion and configured to close an opening of the main body case in a state of being accommodated in the main body case; a key ring member mounted on the knob case to be introduced into or retracted from the knob case to be protruded to an outside of the main body case; and one or more elastic members provided in the knob case and configured to press the key ring member in a protrusion direction in which the key ring member is protruded. | 1. A vehicle key assembly comprising:
a main body case; an emergency key including a key portion and a knob connected to the key portion, and provided to be selectively introduced into a first opening of the main body case and accommodated therein; a restraining member configured to selectively restrain the emergency key in the main body; and a manipulator connected to the restraining member and configured to operate the restraining member, wherein the knob includes:
a knob case connected to the key portion and slidably accommodated in the main body to close the first opening of the main body case while the knob case is accommodated in the main body case;
a key ring member movably mounted in the knob case to be protruded to an outside of the main body case through the first opening of the main body case, wherein the key ring member is configured to be restrained by being engaged with the restraining member in a state of being introduced into the knob case; and
at least one elastic member mounted between the knob case and the key ring member and configured to elastically press the key ring member in a first predetermined direction in which the key ring member is protruded outside the knob case. 2. The vehicle key assembly of claim 1, wherein the restraining member includes:
a first restraining portion selectively engaged to a first locking portion formed on the key portion for locking and restraining the first locking portion; and a second restraining portion selectively engaged to a second locking portion formed on the key portion for locking and restraining the second locking portion. 3. The vehicle key assembly of claim 2, wherein the first restraining portion is aligned to be vertical to the second restraining portion. 4. The vehicle key assembly of claim 2, wherein the knob case includes a base and a second opening on the base and the first restraining portion is selectively engaged to the first locking portion through the second opening. 5. The vehicle key assembly of claim 2,
wherein when the restraining member is moved by a first range in a restraint release direction while advancing or retracting in a direction crossing a direction in which the emergency key is withdrawn from the main body case, a restraint of the second locking portion by the second restraining portion is maintained in a state in which a restraint of the first locking portion by the first restraining portion is released. 6. The vehicle key assembly of claim 5,
wherein when the restraining member is moved by a second range greater than the first range in the restraint release direction, the restraint of the second locking portion by the second restraining portion is released. 7. The vehicle key assembly of claim 5, further including:
a pressing member mounted inside the main body case and configured to move the restraining member in a second predetermined direction for the restraining member to be engaged to at least one of the first restraining portion and the second restraining portion. 8. The vehicle key assembly of claim 7, wherein the pressing member is aligned in a radial direction of the main body case. 9. The vehicle key assembly of claim 1,
wherein the knob case, accommodated in the main body case, has an exposed surface maintained at a same level with an end portion of a side of the main body case adjacent to the first opening, and wherein the key ring member, introduced into the knob case, has an exposed surface maintained at a same level with an exposed surface of the knob case. 10. The vehicle key assembly of claim 1, wherein the key ring member includes a locking step provided on an external surface of the key ring member and configured to limit protruding of the key ring member by being locked with an internal surface of the knob case. 11. The vehicle key assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one elastic member includes a first elastic member and a second elastic member mounted at a first side and a second side in the knob case and spaced from each other, and configured to apply equal forces to the key ring member. 12. The vehicle key assembly of claim 11,
wherein the knob case includes a base and a second opening on the base, and wherein the first elastic member and the second elastic member are mounted at the first side and the second side around the second opening of the knob case. 13. The vehicle key assembly of claim 1, further including:
a remote controller provided in the main body case and configured to remotely control at least one of an engine starting, opening or closing of a door, or opening or closing of a tailgate of a vehicle, and at least a control button mounted on the main body case to manipulate the remote controller. | A vehicle key assembly may include a main body case; an emergency key including a key portion and a knob connected to the key portion and provided to be introduced into the main body case; a restraining member; and a manipulator configured to operate the restraining member, wherein the knob includes: a knob case connected to the key portion and configured to close an opening of the main body case in a state of being accommodated in the main body case; a key ring member mounted on the knob case to be introduced into or retracted from the knob case to be protruded to an outside of the main body case; and one or more elastic members provided in the knob case and configured to press the key ring member in a protrusion direction in which the key ring member is protruded.1. A vehicle key assembly comprising:
a main body case; an emergency key including a key portion and a knob connected to the key portion, and provided to be selectively introduced into a first opening of the main body case and accommodated therein; a restraining member configured to selectively restrain the emergency key in the main body; and a manipulator connected to the restraining member and configured to operate the restraining member, wherein the knob includes:
a knob case connected to the key portion and slidably accommodated in the main body to close the first opening of the main body case while the knob case is accommodated in the main body case;
a key ring member movably mounted in the knob case to be protruded to an outside of the main body case through the first opening of the main body case, wherein the key ring member is configured to be restrained by being engaged with the restraining member in a state of being introduced into the knob case; and
at least one elastic member mounted between the knob case and the key ring member and configured to elastically press the key ring member in a first predetermined direction in which the key ring member is protruded outside the knob case. 2. The vehicle key assembly of claim 1, wherein the restraining member includes:
a first restraining portion selectively engaged to a first locking portion formed on the key portion for locking and restraining the first locking portion; and a second restraining portion selectively engaged to a second locking portion formed on the key portion for locking and restraining the second locking portion. 3. The vehicle key assembly of claim 2, wherein the first restraining portion is aligned to be vertical to the second restraining portion. 4. The vehicle key assembly of claim 2, wherein the knob case includes a base and a second opening on the base and the first restraining portion is selectively engaged to the first locking portion through the second opening. 5. The vehicle key assembly of claim 2,
wherein when the restraining member is moved by a first range in a restraint release direction while advancing or retracting in a direction crossing a direction in which the emergency key is withdrawn from the main body case, a restraint of the second locking portion by the second restraining portion is maintained in a state in which a restraint of the first locking portion by the first restraining portion is released. 6. The vehicle key assembly of claim 5,
wherein when the restraining member is moved by a second range greater than the first range in the restraint release direction, the restraint of the second locking portion by the second restraining portion is released. 7. The vehicle key assembly of claim 5, further including:
a pressing member mounted inside the main body case and configured to move the restraining member in a second predetermined direction for the restraining member to be engaged to at least one of the first restraining portion and the second restraining portion. 8. The vehicle key assembly of claim 7, wherein the pressing member is aligned in a radial direction of the main body case. 9. The vehicle key assembly of claim 1,
wherein the knob case, accommodated in the main body case, has an exposed surface maintained at a same level with an end portion of a side of the main body case adjacent to the first opening, and wherein the key ring member, introduced into the knob case, has an exposed surface maintained at a same level with an exposed surface of the knob case. 10. The vehicle key assembly of claim 1, wherein the key ring member includes a locking step provided on an external surface of the key ring member and configured to limit protruding of the key ring member by being locked with an internal surface of the knob case. 11. The vehicle key assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one elastic member includes a first elastic member and a second elastic member mounted at a first side and a second side in the knob case and spaced from each other, and configured to apply equal forces to the key ring member. 12. The vehicle key assembly of claim 11,
wherein the knob case includes a base and a second opening on the base, and wherein the first elastic member and the second elastic member are mounted at the first side and the second side around the second opening of the knob case. 13. The vehicle key assembly of claim 1, further including:
a remote controller provided in the main body case and configured to remotely control at least one of an engine starting, opening or closing of a door, or opening or closing of a tailgate of a vehicle, and at least a control button mounted on the main body case to manipulate the remote controller. | 2,800 |
339,340 | 16,800,237 | 2,827 | A terminal cover includes a cover body equipped with a curved portion and a base portion. The curved portion has formed therein a pair of claws diametrically opposed to each other. The claws are arranged at an interval away from each other. The interval is selected to be smaller than the width of the terminal and increased by elastic deformation of the cover body arising from installation of a terminal in the terminal cover, so that the claws retain the terminal. This structure enables the terminal cover to be simple and small-sized and facilitates installation of the terminal in the terminal cover without being scraped by the terminal when inserted into the terminal cover. | 1. A terminal cover which is made of resin and designed to electrically insulate and mechanically protect a metallic terminal which is joined to an object using a bolt and a nut and includes a bolt seat with a bolt hole, a wire connector connecting with an end of an electrical wire, and a body located between the bolt seat and the wire connector, comprising:
a cover body which includes a curved portion and a base portion, the curved portion being of a semicircular shape and having an open hole formed to coincide with the bolt seat of the terminal, the base portion being arranged adjacent the curved portion and located to coincide with the body of the terminal, the base portion including a bottom plate; and a pair of claws which are formed on the cover body and face each other across a reference plane defined to pass through a center of the open hole of the curved portion and extend between the curved portion and the base portion of the cover body, wherein an interval between the claws when no pressure is applied thereto is selected to be smaller than a width of the terminal, the interval being increased by elastic deformation of the cover body arising from installation of the terminal in the terminal cover, so that the claws retain the body or the bolt seat of the terminal. 2. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 1, wherein the claws are formed on two inner walls of the base portion which face each other across the reference plane for achieving retention of the body of the terminal, and wherein each of the inner walls is isolated from the bottom plate of the base portion by cut-outs. 3. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 2, wherein the terminal also includes a slant portion which is inclined from a major surface thereof toward the wire connector, and wherein the base portion has formed thereon a protrusion which extends from the bottom plate and retains the slant portion of the terminal between itself and the claws. 4. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 3, wherein the protrusion has a slant major surface which is inclined from the bottom plate at substantially the same angle as that at which the slant portion of the terminal is inclined. 5. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a hinge and a lid, the hinge being arranged on an opposite side of the base portion of the cover body to the curved portion and having a rotation axis which extends perpendicular to the reference plane, the lid being rotated around the hinge to open or close the cover body, and wherein the cover body retains the electrical wire so as to have a length extending perpendicular to the reference plane. | A terminal cover includes a cover body equipped with a curved portion and a base portion. The curved portion has formed therein a pair of claws diametrically opposed to each other. The claws are arranged at an interval away from each other. The interval is selected to be smaller than the width of the terminal and increased by elastic deformation of the cover body arising from installation of a terminal in the terminal cover, so that the claws retain the terminal. This structure enables the terminal cover to be simple and small-sized and facilitates installation of the terminal in the terminal cover without being scraped by the terminal when inserted into the terminal cover.1. A terminal cover which is made of resin and designed to electrically insulate and mechanically protect a metallic terminal which is joined to an object using a bolt and a nut and includes a bolt seat with a bolt hole, a wire connector connecting with an end of an electrical wire, and a body located between the bolt seat and the wire connector, comprising:
a cover body which includes a curved portion and a base portion, the curved portion being of a semicircular shape and having an open hole formed to coincide with the bolt seat of the terminal, the base portion being arranged adjacent the curved portion and located to coincide with the body of the terminal, the base portion including a bottom plate; and a pair of claws which are formed on the cover body and face each other across a reference plane defined to pass through a center of the open hole of the curved portion and extend between the curved portion and the base portion of the cover body, wherein an interval between the claws when no pressure is applied thereto is selected to be smaller than a width of the terminal, the interval being increased by elastic deformation of the cover body arising from installation of the terminal in the terminal cover, so that the claws retain the body or the bolt seat of the terminal. 2. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 1, wherein the claws are formed on two inner walls of the base portion which face each other across the reference plane for achieving retention of the body of the terminal, and wherein each of the inner walls is isolated from the bottom plate of the base portion by cut-outs. 3. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 2, wherein the terminal also includes a slant portion which is inclined from a major surface thereof toward the wire connector, and wherein the base portion has formed thereon a protrusion which extends from the bottom plate and retains the slant portion of the terminal between itself and the claws. 4. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 3, wherein the protrusion has a slant major surface which is inclined from the bottom plate at substantially the same angle as that at which the slant portion of the terminal is inclined. 5. The terminal cover as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a hinge and a lid, the hinge being arranged on an opposite side of the base portion of the cover body to the curved portion and having a rotation axis which extends perpendicular to the reference plane, the lid being rotated around the hinge to open or close the cover body, and wherein the cover body retains the electrical wire so as to have a length extending perpendicular to the reference plane. | 2,800 |
339,341 | 16,800,212 | 2,827 | A communication apparatus receives a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard, acquires information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the received frame, and decides, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. | 1. A communication apparatus comprising:
a reception unit configured to receive a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard; an acquisition unit configured to acquire information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the frame received by the reception unit; and a decision unit configured to decide, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel for which an interval to transmit the WUR Discovery frame is minimum. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel for which an average value of an interval to transmit the WUR Discovery frame is minimum. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel for which a maximum value of an interval to transmit the WUR Discovery frame is minimum. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel to be used by the largest number of other communication apparatuses. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel used by another communication apparatus having the same short-SSID (Service Set Identifier) as a short-SSID of the communication apparatus. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel used by another communication apparatus having a BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier). 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a determination unit configured to determine, based on information included in the WUR Discovery frame received in the WUR channel, whether reception of the WUR Discovery frame is valid. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein if the information included in the WUR Discovery frame received in the WUR channel represents an operating channel of PCR of 5 GHz, and the communication apparatus supports a 5-GHz band, the determination unit determines that the reception of the WUR Discovery frame is valid. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein if the information included in the WUR Discovery frame received in the WUR channel represents a Compressed SSID, and the Compressed SSID matches an SSID of the communication apparatus, the determination unit determines that the reception of the WUR Discovery frame is valid. 11. A control method of a communication apparatus, comprising:
receiving a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard; acquiring information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the frame received in the receiving; and deciding, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. 12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing a computer to execute a control method of a communication apparatus, the method comprising:
receiving a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard; acquiring information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the frame received in the receiving; and deciding, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. | A communication apparatus receives a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard, acquires information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the received frame, and decides, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame.1. A communication apparatus comprising:
a reception unit configured to receive a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard; an acquisition unit configured to acquire information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the frame received by the reception unit; and a decision unit configured to decide, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel for which an interval to transmit the WUR Discovery frame is minimum. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel for which an average value of an interval to transmit the WUR Discovery frame is minimum. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel for which a maximum value of an interval to transmit the WUR Discovery frame is minimum. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel to be used by the largest number of other communication apparatuses. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel used by another communication apparatus having the same short-SSID (Service Set Identifier) as a short-SSID of the communication apparatus. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel used by another communication apparatus having a BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier). 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a determination unit configured to determine, based on information included in the WUR Discovery frame received in the WUR channel, whether reception of the WUR Discovery frame is valid. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein if the information included in the WUR Discovery frame received in the WUR channel represents an operating channel of PCR of 5 GHz, and the communication apparatus supports a 5-GHz band, the determination unit determines that the reception of the WUR Discovery frame is valid. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein if the information included in the WUR Discovery frame received in the WUR channel represents a Compressed SSID, and the Compressed SSID matches an SSID of the communication apparatus, the determination unit determines that the reception of the WUR Discovery frame is valid. 11. A control method of a communication apparatus, comprising:
receiving a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard; acquiring information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the frame received in the receiving; and deciding, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. 12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing a computer to execute a control method of a communication apparatus, the method comprising:
receiving a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard; acquiring information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the frame received in the receiving; and deciding, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. | 2,800 |
339,342 | 16,800,200 | 2,827 | A communication apparatus receives a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard, acquires information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the received frame, and decides, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. | 1. A communication apparatus comprising:
a reception unit configured to receive a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard; an acquisition unit configured to acquire information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the frame received by the reception unit; and a decision unit configured to decide, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel for which an interval to transmit the WUR Discovery frame is minimum. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel for which an average value of an interval to transmit the WUR Discovery frame is minimum. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel for which a maximum value of an interval to transmit the WUR Discovery frame is minimum. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel to be used by the largest number of other communication apparatuses. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel used by another communication apparatus having the same short-SSID (Service Set Identifier) as a short-SSID of the communication apparatus. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel used by another communication apparatus having a BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier). 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a determination unit configured to determine, based on information included in the WUR Discovery frame received in the WUR channel, whether reception of the WUR Discovery frame is valid. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein if the information included in the WUR Discovery frame received in the WUR channel represents an operating channel of PCR of 5 GHz, and the communication apparatus supports a 5-GHz band, the determination unit determines that the reception of the WUR Discovery frame is valid. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein if the information included in the WUR Discovery frame received in the WUR channel represents a Compressed SSID, and the Compressed SSID matches an SSID of the communication apparatus, the determination unit determines that the reception of the WUR Discovery frame is valid. 11. A control method of a communication apparatus, comprising:
receiving a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard; acquiring information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the frame received in the receiving; and deciding, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. 12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing a computer to execute a control method of a communication apparatus, the method comprising:
receiving a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard; acquiring information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the frame received in the receiving; and deciding, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. | A communication apparatus receives a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard, acquires information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the received frame, and decides, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame.1. A communication apparatus comprising:
a reception unit configured to receive a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard; an acquisition unit configured to acquire information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the frame received by the reception unit; and a decision unit configured to decide, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel for which an interval to transmit the WUR Discovery frame is minimum. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel for which an average value of an interval to transmit the WUR Discovery frame is minimum. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel for which a maximum value of an interval to transmit the WUR Discovery frame is minimum. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel to be used by the largest number of other communication apparatuses. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel used by another communication apparatus having the same short-SSID (Service Set Identifier) as a short-SSID of the communication apparatus. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the decision unit decides, as the WUR channel, a channel used by another communication apparatus having a BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier). 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a determination unit configured to determine, based on information included in the WUR Discovery frame received in the WUR channel, whether reception of the WUR Discovery frame is valid. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein if the information included in the WUR Discovery frame received in the WUR channel represents an operating channel of PCR of 5 GHz, and the communication apparatus supports a 5-GHz band, the determination unit determines that the reception of the WUR Discovery frame is valid. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein if the information included in the WUR Discovery frame received in the WUR channel represents a Compressed SSID, and the Compressed SSID matches an SSID of the communication apparatus, the determination unit determines that the reception of the WUR Discovery frame is valid. 11. A control method of a communication apparatus, comprising:
receiving a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard; acquiring information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the frame received in the receiving; and deciding, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. 12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing a computer to execute a control method of a communication apparatus, the method comprising:
receiving a radio frame complying with an IEEE802.11 series standard; acquiring information of a WUR (Wake-up Radio) Discovery element included in the frame received in the receiving; and deciding, based on the information of the WUR Discovery element, a WUR channel used to wait for a WUR Discovery frame. | 2,800 |
339,343 | 16,800,245 | 2,827 | A method for the treatment of bone marrow edema in a mammal comprising administering an effective amount of a polysulfated polysaccharide including salts thereof, to a mammal in need of such treatment. | 1. A method for the treatment of bone marrow edema in a mammal comprising administering an effective amount of a polysulfated polysaccharide including salts thereof, to a mammal in need of such treatment. 2. A composition comprising an effective amount of a polysulfated polysaccharide including salts thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for the treatment of bone marrow edema in a mammal. 3. Use of a polysulfated polysaccharide including salts thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of bone marrow edema. 4. A method according to claim 1, a composition according to claim 2 or a use according to claim 3 wherein the polysulfated polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight heparin, low molecular weight heparins, the heparan sulfates, pentosan polysulfate, chondroitin polysulfate, chitosan polysulfate, dermatan polysulfate sulodexide, dextran sulfate, polysulfated inulin, sulfated lactobionic acid amide, sulfated bis-aldonic acid amide, sucrose octasulfate, fucoidan-1, fucoidan-2, sulfated beta-cyclodextrin, sulfated gamma-cyclodextrin and small sulfated compounds including, but are not limited to, inositol hexasulfate. 5. The method, the composition or the use according to claim 4 wherein the polysulfated polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight heparin, low molecular weight heparins, pentosan polysulfate, chondroitin polysulfate and chitosan polysulfate. 6. The method, the composition or the use according to claim 5 wherein the polysulfated polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of pentosan polysulfate, the sodium salt of pentosan polysulfate (NaPPS), the magnesium salt of pentosan polysulfate (MgPPS), and the calcium salt of pentosan polysulfate (CaPPS). 7. The method, the composition or the use according to claim 6 wherein the polysulfated polysaccharide is sodium pentosan polysulfate. 8. The method, the composition or the use according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein treatment is by administering an injection by the intra-muscular (IM) or sub-cutaneous (SC) routes, intra-venously (IV), intra-articularly (IA), peri-articularly, topically, via suppositories or orally. 9. The method, the composition or the use according to claim 8 wherein the treatment is by administering an injection. 10. The method, the composition or the use according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the effective amount is about 1 to 2 mg/kg of the mammal per dose. 11. The method, the composition or the use according to claim 10 wherein administration to a human is by dosing in a treatment regimen once daily or thrice weekly. 12. The method, the composition or the use according to claim 11 wherein the total dose of polysulfated polysaccharide administered in the treatment regimen is about 200-2000 mg. | A method for the treatment of bone marrow edema in a mammal comprising administering an effective amount of a polysulfated polysaccharide including salts thereof, to a mammal in need of such treatment.1. A method for the treatment of bone marrow edema in a mammal comprising administering an effective amount of a polysulfated polysaccharide including salts thereof, to a mammal in need of such treatment. 2. A composition comprising an effective amount of a polysulfated polysaccharide including salts thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for the treatment of bone marrow edema in a mammal. 3. Use of a polysulfated polysaccharide including salts thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of bone marrow edema. 4. A method according to claim 1, a composition according to claim 2 or a use according to claim 3 wherein the polysulfated polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight heparin, low molecular weight heparins, the heparan sulfates, pentosan polysulfate, chondroitin polysulfate, chitosan polysulfate, dermatan polysulfate sulodexide, dextran sulfate, polysulfated inulin, sulfated lactobionic acid amide, sulfated bis-aldonic acid amide, sucrose octasulfate, fucoidan-1, fucoidan-2, sulfated beta-cyclodextrin, sulfated gamma-cyclodextrin and small sulfated compounds including, but are not limited to, inositol hexasulfate. 5. The method, the composition or the use according to claim 4 wherein the polysulfated polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight heparin, low molecular weight heparins, pentosan polysulfate, chondroitin polysulfate and chitosan polysulfate. 6. The method, the composition or the use according to claim 5 wherein the polysulfated polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of pentosan polysulfate, the sodium salt of pentosan polysulfate (NaPPS), the magnesium salt of pentosan polysulfate (MgPPS), and the calcium salt of pentosan polysulfate (CaPPS). 7. The method, the composition or the use according to claim 6 wherein the polysulfated polysaccharide is sodium pentosan polysulfate. 8. The method, the composition or the use according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein treatment is by administering an injection by the intra-muscular (IM) or sub-cutaneous (SC) routes, intra-venously (IV), intra-articularly (IA), peri-articularly, topically, via suppositories or orally. 9. The method, the composition or the use according to claim 8 wherein the treatment is by administering an injection. 10. The method, the composition or the use according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the effective amount is about 1 to 2 mg/kg of the mammal per dose. 11. The method, the composition or the use according to claim 10 wherein administration to a human is by dosing in a treatment regimen once daily or thrice weekly. 12. The method, the composition or the use according to claim 11 wherein the total dose of polysulfated polysaccharide administered in the treatment regimen is about 200-2000 mg. | 2,800 |
339,344 | 16,800,251 | 2,827 | The described technology is generally directed towards wireless communications for vehicle collision response. Devices onboard vehicles can wirelessly exchange information in response to detecting a collision. Public encryption keys can be exchanged, and exchanged information can optionally be encrypted using a received public encryption key. Exchanged information can include vehicle identification information and collision information. The collision information can furthermore be certified using a vehicle's private encryption key. | 1. A method, comprising:
detecting, by a device comprising a processor, a collision of a first vehicle, wherein the device is in the first vehicle; in response to the detecting the collision of the first vehicle, wireles sly sending, by the device, a first public encryption key for receipt by a second vehicle; wirelessly receiving, by the device, encrypted second vehicle identification information that is encrypted using the first public encryption key; using, by the device, a first private key of a first key pair comprising the first public encryption key and the first private key to decrypt the encrypted second vehicle identification information; and storing, by the device, second vehicle identification information corresponding to the encrypted second vehicle identification information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
wirelessly receiving, by the device, a second public encryption key associated with the second vehicle; encrypting, by the device using the second public encryption key, first vehicle identification information that identifies the first vehicle, in order to produce encrypted first vehicle identification information; and wirelessly sending, by the device, the encrypted first vehicle identification information for receipt by the second vehicle. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising wirelessly receiving, by the device, second collision information determined at the second vehicle, wherein the second collision information comprises at least a collision time and a collision location associated with the collision. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising wireles sly receiving, by the device, second certification information, wherein the second vehicle certifies the second collision information. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second certification information comprises a second digital signature generated at the second vehicle using at least one of the second collision information, the encrypted second vehicle identification information, and a second private encryption key associated with the second vehicle. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising verifying, by the device, the second digital signature generated at the second vehicle. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising wirelessly sending, by the device, first collision information determined at the first vehicle for receipt at the second vehicle. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising using, by the device, at least the first private key to generate a first digital signature that certifies the first collision information, and wirelessly sending, by the device, the first digital signature for receipt by the second vehicle. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending, by the device, the second vehicle identification information to a remote server. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising wirelessly receiving, by the device, second collision information determined at the second vehicle and comparing, by the device, the second collision information with first collision information in order to determine whether the second collision information is associated with the collision. 11. A device disposed in a second vehicle, the device comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
detecting a collision of the second vehicle;
in response to the detecting the collision of the second vehicle, receiving a first public encryption key from a first vehicle;
encrypting, using the first public encryption key from the first vehicle, second vehicle identification information that identifies the second vehicle, in order to produce encrypted second vehicle identification information; and
sending the encrypted second vehicle identification information for receipt by the first vehicle. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the second vehicle identification information identifies a driver of the second vehicle. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise sending second collision information determined at the second vehicle for receipt at the first vehicle. 14. The device of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise using at least a second private key of a second key pair associated with the second vehicle to generate a second digital signature that certifies the second collision information, and sending the second digital signature for receipt by the first vehicle. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the using at least the second private key of the second key pair associated with the second vehicle to generate the second digital signature that certifies the second collision information comprises using the second private key and a hash value derived from at least one of the second collision information or the encrypted second vehicle identification information to generate the second digital signature. 16. The device of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise sending the second vehicle identification information, second collision information determined at the second vehicle, and additional sensor data from a sensor at the second vehicle to a remote server. 17. A machine-readable storage medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a first vehicle, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
detecting a collision of a first vehicle; exchanging vehicle identification information with a second vehicle; determining collision information comprising at least a collision time and a collision location associated with the collision; certifying the collision information, resulting in certified collision information; exchanging the certified collision information with the second vehicle, resulting in exchanged certified collision information; and sending the exchanged vehicle identification and the certified collision information to a remote server. 18. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the exchanging the vehicle identification information with the second vehicle comprises exchanging public encryption keys with the second vehicle. 19. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise exchanging the vehicle identification information and the certified collision information with at least a third vehicle. 20. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise initiating a timer, after the detecting the collision of the first vehicle, for the exchanging the vehicle identification information with the second vehicle. | The described technology is generally directed towards wireless communications for vehicle collision response. Devices onboard vehicles can wirelessly exchange information in response to detecting a collision. Public encryption keys can be exchanged, and exchanged information can optionally be encrypted using a received public encryption key. Exchanged information can include vehicle identification information and collision information. The collision information can furthermore be certified using a vehicle's private encryption key.1. A method, comprising:
detecting, by a device comprising a processor, a collision of a first vehicle, wherein the device is in the first vehicle; in response to the detecting the collision of the first vehicle, wireles sly sending, by the device, a first public encryption key for receipt by a second vehicle; wirelessly receiving, by the device, encrypted second vehicle identification information that is encrypted using the first public encryption key; using, by the device, a first private key of a first key pair comprising the first public encryption key and the first private key to decrypt the encrypted second vehicle identification information; and storing, by the device, second vehicle identification information corresponding to the encrypted second vehicle identification information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
wirelessly receiving, by the device, a second public encryption key associated with the second vehicle; encrypting, by the device using the second public encryption key, first vehicle identification information that identifies the first vehicle, in order to produce encrypted first vehicle identification information; and wirelessly sending, by the device, the encrypted first vehicle identification information for receipt by the second vehicle. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising wirelessly receiving, by the device, second collision information determined at the second vehicle, wherein the second collision information comprises at least a collision time and a collision location associated with the collision. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising wireles sly receiving, by the device, second certification information, wherein the second vehicle certifies the second collision information. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second certification information comprises a second digital signature generated at the second vehicle using at least one of the second collision information, the encrypted second vehicle identification information, and a second private encryption key associated with the second vehicle. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising verifying, by the device, the second digital signature generated at the second vehicle. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising wirelessly sending, by the device, first collision information determined at the first vehicle for receipt at the second vehicle. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising using, by the device, at least the first private key to generate a first digital signature that certifies the first collision information, and wirelessly sending, by the device, the first digital signature for receipt by the second vehicle. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending, by the device, the second vehicle identification information to a remote server. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising wirelessly receiving, by the device, second collision information determined at the second vehicle and comparing, by the device, the second collision information with first collision information in order to determine whether the second collision information is associated with the collision. 11. A device disposed in a second vehicle, the device comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
detecting a collision of the second vehicle;
in response to the detecting the collision of the second vehicle, receiving a first public encryption key from a first vehicle;
encrypting, using the first public encryption key from the first vehicle, second vehicle identification information that identifies the second vehicle, in order to produce encrypted second vehicle identification information; and
sending the encrypted second vehicle identification information for receipt by the first vehicle. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the second vehicle identification information identifies a driver of the second vehicle. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise sending second collision information determined at the second vehicle for receipt at the first vehicle. 14. The device of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise using at least a second private key of a second key pair associated with the second vehicle to generate a second digital signature that certifies the second collision information, and sending the second digital signature for receipt by the first vehicle. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the using at least the second private key of the second key pair associated with the second vehicle to generate the second digital signature that certifies the second collision information comprises using the second private key and a hash value derived from at least one of the second collision information or the encrypted second vehicle identification information to generate the second digital signature. 16. The device of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise sending the second vehicle identification information, second collision information determined at the second vehicle, and additional sensor data from a sensor at the second vehicle to a remote server. 17. A machine-readable storage medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a first vehicle, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
detecting a collision of a first vehicle; exchanging vehicle identification information with a second vehicle; determining collision information comprising at least a collision time and a collision location associated with the collision; certifying the collision information, resulting in certified collision information; exchanging the certified collision information with the second vehicle, resulting in exchanged certified collision information; and sending the exchanged vehicle identification and the certified collision information to a remote server. 18. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the exchanging the vehicle identification information with the second vehicle comprises exchanging public encryption keys with the second vehicle. 19. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise exchanging the vehicle identification information and the certified collision information with at least a third vehicle. 20. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise initiating a timer, after the detecting the collision of the first vehicle, for the exchanging the vehicle identification information with the second vehicle. | 2,800 |
339,345 | 16,800,239 | 2,827 | Systems and methods are disclosed for providing cloud-based access to consumer financial information. A cloud-based platform may receive a notification from a server, the notification comprising a request to access consumer data associated with a financial services account. After confirming authorization by both the associated financial services account provider and the consumer, the platform may configure a software object identifying the server and at least a portion of the consumer data that the server is authorized to access. After presentation of the configured software object by the third party server, the platform may verify the configured software object, and provide to the server access to the authorized consumer data. The server may then utilize the provided consumer data to perform a mobile service for the consumer. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A system for providing cloud-based access to user data, comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor configured to execute the instructions to:
receive a request to access user data on a cloud platform from a third party;
receive a digital certificate from the requesting third party;
determine, based on the digital certificate, that a service provider associated with the user data has authorized access to the user data requested by the third party;
determine, based on the digital certificate, that a user associated with the user data has authorized access to the user data requested by the third party;
provide, based on the determination that the service provider has authorized access and the user has authorized access, the user data to the third party. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein determining that the service provider has authorized access to the user data further comprises:
determining that the requested user data does not exceed an authorized portion of the user data. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the digital certificate comprises a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificate. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein providing the user data further comprises providing the third party access to the user data on a computing system associated with the service provider. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the user data comprises transaction history data associated with the user. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the user data comprises information associated with a financial services account or a banking function associated with the user. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the user data associated with the financial services account associated with the user further comprises at least one of an account balance, a transaction history, a credit score, or demographic information associated with the user. 28. The system of claim 21, wherein the received request from the third party further comprises a request for the service provider to perform one or more functions associated with the user data. 29. The system of claim 21, wherein the digital certificate is received separately from the access request. 29. The system of claim 21, wherein the digital certificate is received with the access request. 31. A system for providing cloud-based access to user data, comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor configured to execute the instructions to:
receive, from a third party, a request to perform a function associated with an account of a user via a cloud platform;
receive a digital certificate from the requesting third party;
determine, based on the digital certificate, that a service provider associated the account of user has authorized access to user data associated with the function requested by the third party;
determine, based on the digital certificate, that a user associated with the user data has authorized access to the user data requested by the third party;
provide, based on the determination that the service provide has authorized access and the user has authorized access, the information associated with the requested function to the third party. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein determining that the service provider has authorized access to the user data further comprises:
determining that the requested function does not require user data exceeding an authorized portion of the user data. 33. The system of claim 31, wherein the digital certificate comprises a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificate. 34. The system of claim 31, wherein providing the information associated with the requested function further comprises providing the third party access to the information on a computing system associated with the service provider. 35. The system of claim 31, wherein the information comprises transaction history data associated with the user. 36. The system of claim 31, wherein the information comprises information associated with a financial services account or a banking function associated with the user. 37. The system of claim 31, wherein the banking function associated with the user comprises at least one of configuring an account related alert, configuring an automatic bill payment, transferring funds among financial services accounts associated with the user, transferring funds to external accounts, or searching for nearby locations associated with the service provider. 38. The system of claim 31, wherein the received request from the third party further comprises a request for user data associated with the user. 39. The system of claim 31, wherein the digital certificate is received separately from the access request. 40. The system of claim 31, wherein the digital certificate is received with the access request. | Systems and methods are disclosed for providing cloud-based access to consumer financial information. A cloud-based platform may receive a notification from a server, the notification comprising a request to access consumer data associated with a financial services account. After confirming authorization by both the associated financial services account provider and the consumer, the platform may configure a software object identifying the server and at least a portion of the consumer data that the server is authorized to access. After presentation of the configured software object by the third party server, the platform may verify the configured software object, and provide to the server access to the authorized consumer data. The server may then utilize the provided consumer data to perform a mobile service for the consumer.1-20. (canceled) 21. A system for providing cloud-based access to user data, comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor configured to execute the instructions to:
receive a request to access user data on a cloud platform from a third party;
receive a digital certificate from the requesting third party;
determine, based on the digital certificate, that a service provider associated with the user data has authorized access to the user data requested by the third party;
determine, based on the digital certificate, that a user associated with the user data has authorized access to the user data requested by the third party;
provide, based on the determination that the service provider has authorized access and the user has authorized access, the user data to the third party. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein determining that the service provider has authorized access to the user data further comprises:
determining that the requested user data does not exceed an authorized portion of the user data. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the digital certificate comprises a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificate. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein providing the user data further comprises providing the third party access to the user data on a computing system associated with the service provider. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the user data comprises transaction history data associated with the user. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the user data comprises information associated with a financial services account or a banking function associated with the user. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the user data associated with the financial services account associated with the user further comprises at least one of an account balance, a transaction history, a credit score, or demographic information associated with the user. 28. The system of claim 21, wherein the received request from the third party further comprises a request for the service provider to perform one or more functions associated with the user data. 29. The system of claim 21, wherein the digital certificate is received separately from the access request. 29. The system of claim 21, wherein the digital certificate is received with the access request. 31. A system for providing cloud-based access to user data, comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor configured to execute the instructions to:
receive, from a third party, a request to perform a function associated with an account of a user via a cloud platform;
receive a digital certificate from the requesting third party;
determine, based on the digital certificate, that a service provider associated the account of user has authorized access to user data associated with the function requested by the third party;
determine, based on the digital certificate, that a user associated with the user data has authorized access to the user data requested by the third party;
provide, based on the determination that the service provide has authorized access and the user has authorized access, the information associated with the requested function to the third party. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein determining that the service provider has authorized access to the user data further comprises:
determining that the requested function does not require user data exceeding an authorized portion of the user data. 33. The system of claim 31, wherein the digital certificate comprises a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificate. 34. The system of claim 31, wherein providing the information associated with the requested function further comprises providing the third party access to the information on a computing system associated with the service provider. 35. The system of claim 31, wherein the information comprises transaction history data associated with the user. 36. The system of claim 31, wherein the information comprises information associated with a financial services account or a banking function associated with the user. 37. The system of claim 31, wherein the banking function associated with the user comprises at least one of configuring an account related alert, configuring an automatic bill payment, transferring funds among financial services accounts associated with the user, transferring funds to external accounts, or searching for nearby locations associated with the service provider. 38. The system of claim 31, wherein the received request from the third party further comprises a request for user data associated with the user. 39. The system of claim 31, wherein the digital certificate is received separately from the access request. 40. The system of claim 31, wherein the digital certificate is received with the access request. | 2,800 |
339,346 | 16,800,257 | 2,827 | A control ring for use in a gas turbine engine includes a control ring segment defining a centerline axis. The control ring segment includes an inner diameter surface and an outer diameter surface. A thermally isolating contact is operatively connected to at least one of the inner diameter surface and the outer diameter surface. The thermally isolating contact has lower thermal conductivity than the control ring. | 1. A control ring for use in a gas turbine engine, the control ring comprising:
a control ring segment defining a centerline axis, wherein the control ring segment includes:
an inner diameter surface and an outer diameter surface; and
an internal cavity defined between the inner and outer diameter surfaces, wherein the internal cavity is configured to contain a material having a higher heat capacitance than the control ring. 2. A control ring as recited in claim 1, wherein the control ring segment includes a plug between the internal cavity and the outer diameter surface to enclose the internal cavity. 3. A control ring as recited in claim 2, wherein the plug is brazed into the outer diameter surface of the control ring segment. 4. A control ring as recited in claim 1, wherein the control ring segment is one of a plurality of control ring segments joined together to form a full control ring configured to be held in a control ring carrier for thermal isolation from an outer air seal. 5. A control ring as recited in claim 1, further comprising a fill material having a higher heat capacitance than the control ring disposed within the internal cavity. 6. A control ring as recited in claim 5, wherein the fill material is a fluid sealed inside the internal cavity. 7. A control ring for use in a gas turbine engine, the control ring comprising:
a plurality of radially stacked rings, wherein each radially stacked ring includes a plurality of arcuate segments joined together to form the ring. 8. A control ring as recited in claim 7, wherein at least one of the rings is made from a different material from another one of the rings. 9. A control ring as recited in claim 7, wherein seams are defined between the respective segments of the radially stacked rings, wherein the respective seams of one of the radially stacked rings are circumferentially offset from the respective seams of the adjacent radially stacked ring. | A control ring for use in a gas turbine engine includes a control ring segment defining a centerline axis. The control ring segment includes an inner diameter surface and an outer diameter surface. A thermally isolating contact is operatively connected to at least one of the inner diameter surface and the outer diameter surface. The thermally isolating contact has lower thermal conductivity than the control ring.1. A control ring for use in a gas turbine engine, the control ring comprising:
a control ring segment defining a centerline axis, wherein the control ring segment includes:
an inner diameter surface and an outer diameter surface; and
an internal cavity defined between the inner and outer diameter surfaces, wherein the internal cavity is configured to contain a material having a higher heat capacitance than the control ring. 2. A control ring as recited in claim 1, wherein the control ring segment includes a plug between the internal cavity and the outer diameter surface to enclose the internal cavity. 3. A control ring as recited in claim 2, wherein the plug is brazed into the outer diameter surface of the control ring segment. 4. A control ring as recited in claim 1, wherein the control ring segment is one of a plurality of control ring segments joined together to form a full control ring configured to be held in a control ring carrier for thermal isolation from an outer air seal. 5. A control ring as recited in claim 1, further comprising a fill material having a higher heat capacitance than the control ring disposed within the internal cavity. 6. A control ring as recited in claim 5, wherein the fill material is a fluid sealed inside the internal cavity. 7. A control ring for use in a gas turbine engine, the control ring comprising:
a plurality of radially stacked rings, wherein each radially stacked ring includes a plurality of arcuate segments joined together to form the ring. 8. A control ring as recited in claim 7, wherein at least one of the rings is made from a different material from another one of the rings. 9. A control ring as recited in claim 7, wherein seams are defined between the respective segments of the radially stacked rings, wherein the respective seams of one of the radially stacked rings are circumferentially offset from the respective seams of the adjacent radially stacked ring. | 2,800 |
339,347 | 16,800,255 | 2,827 | A laundry appliance system includes a cabinet operable between a lowered position and a plurality of raised positions. A first lift assembly is coupled to a first side of the cabinet. A second lift assembly is coupled to a second side of the cabinet. The first and second lift assemblies operate concurrently to adjust the cabinet between the lowered position and the plurality of raised positions. A user-interface assembly is operably coupled to the cabinet. The user-interface assembly is configured to receive a user input corresponding with a selected raised position of the plurality of raised positions. A controller is configured to operate the first and second lift assemblies to the selected raised position in response to the user input. | 1. A laundry appliance system, comprising:
a cabinet operable between a lowered position and a plurality of raised positions; a first lift assembly coupled to a first side of the cabinet; a second lift assembly coupled to a second side of the cabinet, wherein the first and second lift assemblies operate concurrently to adjust the cabinet between the lowered position and the plurality of raised positions; a user-interface assembly operably coupled to the cabinet, wherein the user-interface assembly is configured to receive a user input corresponding with a selected raised position of the plurality of raised positions; and a controller configured to operate the first and second lift assemblies to the selected raised position in response to the user input. 2. The laundry appliance system of claim 1, wherein the user-interface assembly includes a microphone, and wherein the user input is a voice command received by the microphone. 3. The laundry appliance system of claim 1, wherein the user-interface assembly includes a remote device in communication with the controller, and wherein the user input is received by the remote device and communicated to the controller. 4. The laundry appliance system of claim 1, wherein the user-interface assembly includes a sensor, and wherein the controller is configured to determine a height-related characteristic of a user based on sensed information received from the sensor and automatically adjusts the first and second lift assemblies. 5. The laundry appliance system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the first and second lift assemblies in response to at least one of a laundry cycle start, a laundry cycle end, and a laundry chemistry addition. 6. The laundry appliance system of claim 1, wherein the controller stores a profile of a user, and wherein the controller is configured to adjust the selected raised position of the cabinet in response to a selection of the profile. 7. The laundry appliance system of claim 6, wherein the selected raised position is a predefined height based on a user height-related characteristic stored in the profile. 8. The laundry appliance system of claim 1, wherein the controller includes a memory storing a profile database of respective profiles for one or more users. 9. A laundry appliance assembly, comprising:
a storage unit defining an interior cavity; a cabinet operably coupled with the storage unit, wherein the cabinet is operable between a docked position and a use position, and wherein the cabinet is disposed within the interior cavity of the storage unit when in the docked position; a decorative member coupled to an upper surface of the cabinet, wherein the cabinet is concealed by the decorative member and the storage unit when in the docked position; and a lift system operably coupled to the cabinet, wherein the lift system is configured to move the cabinet between the docked position and the use position. 10. The laundry appliance assembly of claim 9, further comprising:
a sensor coupled to the storage unit; and a controller configured to receive a signal from the sensor, wherein the controller is configured to determine a height-related characteristic of a user in response to the signal, and wherein the controller is configured to automatically adjust the lift system in response to the height-related characteristic of the user. 11. The laundry appliance assembly of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to move the cabinet to the docked position via the lift system prior to a laundry cycle start. 12. The laundry appliance assembly of claim 10, further comprising:
a door coupled to the cabinet, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the cabinet to the docked position via the lift system when the door is in a closed position. 13. The laundry appliance assembly of claim 9, wherein the lift system includes a motor and at least one of a rack and pinion assembly and a scissor lift assembly. 14. The laundry appliance assembly of claim 9, further comprising:
an accordion cover member disposed over the lift system. 15. An appliance assembly, comprising:
a storage unit defining a front opening, and wherein the storage unit defines an interior cavity; a cabinet disposed within the interior cavity, wherein the cabinet is operable between a first position, a second position, and a third position, and wherein the cabinet is disposed at least partially within the interior cavity when in each of the first, second, and third positions; and a lift system coupled to the storage unit and the cabinet, wherein the lift system is configured to operate the cabinet between the first, second, and third positions. 16. The appliance assembly of claim 15, wherein the first position is a docked position, and wherein the second position and the third position are based on a height-related characteristic of a user. 17. The appliance assembly of claim 15, further comprising:
a user-interface assembly configured to receive a user input; a controller in communication with the lift system, wherein the controller is configured to operate the cabinet between the first, second, and third positions in response to the user input. 18. The appliance assembly of claim 17, wherein the controller stores a profile database of respective profiles of one or more users, and wherein the user input is a selection of one of the respective profiles having a stored height-related characteristic of the third position. 19. The appliance assembly of claim 15, wherein the lift system is configured to move the cabinet between the first, second, and third positions in response to at least one of a laundry cycle start, a laundry cycle end, and a laundry chemistry addition. 20. The appliance assembly of claim 15, wherein the lift system includes a first lift assembly coupled to a first side of the cabinet and a second lift assembly coupled to a second side of the cabinet. | A laundry appliance system includes a cabinet operable between a lowered position and a plurality of raised positions. A first lift assembly is coupled to a first side of the cabinet. A second lift assembly is coupled to a second side of the cabinet. The first and second lift assemblies operate concurrently to adjust the cabinet between the lowered position and the plurality of raised positions. A user-interface assembly is operably coupled to the cabinet. The user-interface assembly is configured to receive a user input corresponding with a selected raised position of the plurality of raised positions. A controller is configured to operate the first and second lift assemblies to the selected raised position in response to the user input.1. A laundry appliance system, comprising:
a cabinet operable between a lowered position and a plurality of raised positions; a first lift assembly coupled to a first side of the cabinet; a second lift assembly coupled to a second side of the cabinet, wherein the first and second lift assemblies operate concurrently to adjust the cabinet between the lowered position and the plurality of raised positions; a user-interface assembly operably coupled to the cabinet, wherein the user-interface assembly is configured to receive a user input corresponding with a selected raised position of the plurality of raised positions; and a controller configured to operate the first and second lift assemblies to the selected raised position in response to the user input. 2. The laundry appliance system of claim 1, wherein the user-interface assembly includes a microphone, and wherein the user input is a voice command received by the microphone. 3. The laundry appliance system of claim 1, wherein the user-interface assembly includes a remote device in communication with the controller, and wherein the user input is received by the remote device and communicated to the controller. 4. The laundry appliance system of claim 1, wherein the user-interface assembly includes a sensor, and wherein the controller is configured to determine a height-related characteristic of a user based on sensed information received from the sensor and automatically adjusts the first and second lift assemblies. 5. The laundry appliance system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the first and second lift assemblies in response to at least one of a laundry cycle start, a laundry cycle end, and a laundry chemistry addition. 6. The laundry appliance system of claim 1, wherein the controller stores a profile of a user, and wherein the controller is configured to adjust the selected raised position of the cabinet in response to a selection of the profile. 7. The laundry appliance system of claim 6, wherein the selected raised position is a predefined height based on a user height-related characteristic stored in the profile. 8. The laundry appliance system of claim 1, wherein the controller includes a memory storing a profile database of respective profiles for one or more users. 9. A laundry appliance assembly, comprising:
a storage unit defining an interior cavity; a cabinet operably coupled with the storage unit, wherein the cabinet is operable between a docked position and a use position, and wherein the cabinet is disposed within the interior cavity of the storage unit when in the docked position; a decorative member coupled to an upper surface of the cabinet, wherein the cabinet is concealed by the decorative member and the storage unit when in the docked position; and a lift system operably coupled to the cabinet, wherein the lift system is configured to move the cabinet between the docked position and the use position. 10. The laundry appliance assembly of claim 9, further comprising:
a sensor coupled to the storage unit; and a controller configured to receive a signal from the sensor, wherein the controller is configured to determine a height-related characteristic of a user in response to the signal, and wherein the controller is configured to automatically adjust the lift system in response to the height-related characteristic of the user. 11. The laundry appliance assembly of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to move the cabinet to the docked position via the lift system prior to a laundry cycle start. 12. The laundry appliance assembly of claim 10, further comprising:
a door coupled to the cabinet, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the cabinet to the docked position via the lift system when the door is in a closed position. 13. The laundry appliance assembly of claim 9, wherein the lift system includes a motor and at least one of a rack and pinion assembly and a scissor lift assembly. 14. The laundry appliance assembly of claim 9, further comprising:
an accordion cover member disposed over the lift system. 15. An appliance assembly, comprising:
a storage unit defining a front opening, and wherein the storage unit defines an interior cavity; a cabinet disposed within the interior cavity, wherein the cabinet is operable between a first position, a second position, and a third position, and wherein the cabinet is disposed at least partially within the interior cavity when in each of the first, second, and third positions; and a lift system coupled to the storage unit and the cabinet, wherein the lift system is configured to operate the cabinet between the first, second, and third positions. 16. The appliance assembly of claim 15, wherein the first position is a docked position, and wherein the second position and the third position are based on a height-related characteristic of a user. 17. The appliance assembly of claim 15, further comprising:
a user-interface assembly configured to receive a user input; a controller in communication with the lift system, wherein the controller is configured to operate the cabinet between the first, second, and third positions in response to the user input. 18. The appliance assembly of claim 17, wherein the controller stores a profile database of respective profiles of one or more users, and wherein the user input is a selection of one of the respective profiles having a stored height-related characteristic of the third position. 19. The appliance assembly of claim 15, wherein the lift system is configured to move the cabinet between the first, second, and third positions in response to at least one of a laundry cycle start, a laundry cycle end, and a laundry chemistry addition. 20. The appliance assembly of claim 15, wherein the lift system includes a first lift assembly coupled to a first side of the cabinet and a second lift assembly coupled to a second side of the cabinet. | 2,800 |
339,348 | 16,800,216 | 2,827 | Embodiments described herein relate to a method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory. First, a first polysilicon gate layer is deposited and formed on a semiconductor substrate, then a formation area of a memory gate is defined on the first polysilicon gate layer, polysilicon in the formation area of the memory gate is etched away, and etching is stopped on a gate oxide layer. Next, an ONO layer and a second polysilicon gate layer are sequentially deposited, chemical mechanical polishing is performed on the second polysilicon gate layer, the ONO layer remaining on the top of the first polysilicon gate layer is cleaned away, and then gate structures of a logic device and a 1.5T SONOS device are formed at the same time. | 1. A method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory, comprising:
S1: providing a semiconductor substrate, forming a field oxide layer on the semiconductor substrate, isolating to form a plurality of active regions by the field oxide layer, and then performing a well implantation process in the plurality of active regions to form a P well or an N well; S2: forming a gate oxide layer on the semiconductor substrate; S3: forming a first polysilicon gate layer; S4: defining a position of a memory gate by means of a photolithography process and an etching process, etching away the first polysilicon gate layer in the area of the position of the memory gate, and stopping etching on the gate oxide layer to define a formation area of the memory gate; S5: cleaning away the gate oxide layer in the formation area of the memory gate on the semiconductor substrate to expose the semiconductor substrate, and then sequentially depositing an ONO layer and a second polysilicon gate layer; S6: performing a planarization process on the second polysilicon gate layer, and stopping the planarization process on the ONO layer; S7: cleaning away the ONO layer on the first polysilicon gate layer, and then forming a gate structure of a logic device and a gate structure of a 1.5T SONOS device by means of a photolithography process and an etching process; and S8: completing a subsequent process of the 1.5T SONOS device and the logic device to complete manufacturing of the 1.5T SONOS flash memory. 2. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, an active region of the logic device and an active region of the 1.5T SONOS device are formed by isolating by the field oxide layer. 3. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 2, wherein the active region of the logic device comprises an active region of a core device and an active region of an input-output device. 4. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer comprises a first gate oxide layer in the active region of the 1.5T SONOS device and a second gate oxide layer in the active region of the core device, and the first gate oxide layer is thicker than the second gate oxide layer. 5. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the first gate oxide layer is between 35 Å and 150 Å. 6. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the second gate oxide layer is between 15 Å and 35 Å. 7. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer further comprises a gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device, and the thickness of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device is the same as that of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the 1.5T SONOS device. 8. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer further comprises a gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device, and the thickness of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device is the same as that of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the 1.5T SONOS device. 9. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer is formed by means of an oxidation process. 10. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the first polysilicon gate layer is formed by means of a deposition process. 11. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 7, wherein the first polysilicon gate layer is formed by means of a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process. 12. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 8, wherein the first polysilicon gate layer is formed by means of a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process. 13. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the gate oxide layer in the formation area of the memory gate on the semiconductor substrate is cleaned away to expose the semiconductor substrate in the formation area of the memory gate, and then the ONO layer is deposited such that the ONO layer covers the surface of the exposed semiconductor substrate and the surface of the exposed first polysilicon gate layer. 14. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 13, wherein the gate oxide layer in the formation area of the memory gate on the semiconductor substrate is cleaned away by hydrogen fluoride (HF). 15. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 13, wherein the ONO layer is deposited and formed by means of a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process or an atomic layer deposition (ALD) manner. 16. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the second polysilicon gate layer is greater than the thickness of the first polysilicon gate layer. 17. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 13, wherein the ONO layer sequentially comprises a first silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, and a second silicon oxide layer from bottom to top, the first silicon oxide layer is a tunneling oxide layer of the device, the silicon nitride layer is a data storage medium layer, and the second silicon oxide layer is a blocking oxide layer. 18. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the gate structure of the 1.5T SONOS device comprises a gate structure of the memory gate and a gate structure of a select gate, the gate structure of the memory gate comprises an ONO layer and a polysilicon layer on the ONO layer, and the gate structure of the select gate comprises a gate oxide layer and a polysilicon layer on the gate oxide layer. 19. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the gate structure of the logic device and the gate structure of the 1.5T SONOS device are formed by using one photomask through one time of the photolithography process and etching process. 20. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, after step S4, further comprising step S41: performing adjustment and injection of a threshold voltage Vt in the formation area of the memory gate. | Embodiments described herein relate to a method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory. First, a first polysilicon gate layer is deposited and formed on a semiconductor substrate, then a formation area of a memory gate is defined on the first polysilicon gate layer, polysilicon in the formation area of the memory gate is etched away, and etching is stopped on a gate oxide layer. Next, an ONO layer and a second polysilicon gate layer are sequentially deposited, chemical mechanical polishing is performed on the second polysilicon gate layer, the ONO layer remaining on the top of the first polysilicon gate layer is cleaned away, and then gate structures of a logic device and a 1.5T SONOS device are formed at the same time.1. A method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory, comprising:
S1: providing a semiconductor substrate, forming a field oxide layer on the semiconductor substrate, isolating to form a plurality of active regions by the field oxide layer, and then performing a well implantation process in the plurality of active regions to form a P well or an N well; S2: forming a gate oxide layer on the semiconductor substrate; S3: forming a first polysilicon gate layer; S4: defining a position of a memory gate by means of a photolithography process and an etching process, etching away the first polysilicon gate layer in the area of the position of the memory gate, and stopping etching on the gate oxide layer to define a formation area of the memory gate; S5: cleaning away the gate oxide layer in the formation area of the memory gate on the semiconductor substrate to expose the semiconductor substrate, and then sequentially depositing an ONO layer and a second polysilicon gate layer; S6: performing a planarization process on the second polysilicon gate layer, and stopping the planarization process on the ONO layer; S7: cleaning away the ONO layer on the first polysilicon gate layer, and then forming a gate structure of a logic device and a gate structure of a 1.5T SONOS device by means of a photolithography process and an etching process; and S8: completing a subsequent process of the 1.5T SONOS device and the logic device to complete manufacturing of the 1.5T SONOS flash memory. 2. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, an active region of the logic device and an active region of the 1.5T SONOS device are formed by isolating by the field oxide layer. 3. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 2, wherein the active region of the logic device comprises an active region of a core device and an active region of an input-output device. 4. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer comprises a first gate oxide layer in the active region of the 1.5T SONOS device and a second gate oxide layer in the active region of the core device, and the first gate oxide layer is thicker than the second gate oxide layer. 5. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the first gate oxide layer is between 35 Å and 150 Å. 6. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the second gate oxide layer is between 15 Å and 35 Å. 7. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer further comprises a gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device, and the thickness of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device is the same as that of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the 1.5T SONOS device. 8. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer further comprises a gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device, and the thickness of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device is the same as that of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the 1.5T SONOS device. 9. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer is formed by means of an oxidation process. 10. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the first polysilicon gate layer is formed by means of a deposition process. 11. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 7, wherein the first polysilicon gate layer is formed by means of a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process. 12. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 8, wherein the first polysilicon gate layer is formed by means of a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process. 13. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the gate oxide layer in the formation area of the memory gate on the semiconductor substrate is cleaned away to expose the semiconductor substrate in the formation area of the memory gate, and then the ONO layer is deposited such that the ONO layer covers the surface of the exposed semiconductor substrate and the surface of the exposed first polysilicon gate layer. 14. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 13, wherein the gate oxide layer in the formation area of the memory gate on the semiconductor substrate is cleaned away by hydrogen fluoride (HF). 15. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 13, wherein the ONO layer is deposited and formed by means of a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process or an atomic layer deposition (ALD) manner. 16. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the second polysilicon gate layer is greater than the thickness of the first polysilicon gate layer. 17. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 13, wherein the ONO layer sequentially comprises a first silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, and a second silicon oxide layer from bottom to top, the first silicon oxide layer is a tunneling oxide layer of the device, the silicon nitride layer is a data storage medium layer, and the second silicon oxide layer is a blocking oxide layer. 18. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the gate structure of the 1.5T SONOS device comprises a gate structure of the memory gate and a gate structure of a select gate, the gate structure of the memory gate comprises an ONO layer and a polysilicon layer on the ONO layer, and the gate structure of the select gate comprises a gate oxide layer and a polysilicon layer on the gate oxide layer. 19. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the gate structure of the logic device and the gate structure of the 1.5T SONOS device are formed by using one photomask through one time of the photolithography process and etching process. 20. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, after step S4, further comprising step S41: performing adjustment and injection of a threshold voltage Vt in the formation area of the memory gate. | 2,800 |
339,349 | 16,800,240 | 2,827 | Embodiments described herein relate to a method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory. First, a first polysilicon gate layer is deposited and formed on a semiconductor substrate, then a formation area of a memory gate is defined on the first polysilicon gate layer, polysilicon in the formation area of the memory gate is etched away, and etching is stopped on a gate oxide layer. Next, an ONO layer and a second polysilicon gate layer are sequentially deposited, chemical mechanical polishing is performed on the second polysilicon gate layer, the ONO layer remaining on the top of the first polysilicon gate layer is cleaned away, and then gate structures of a logic device and a 1.5T SONOS device are formed at the same time. | 1. A method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory, comprising:
S1: providing a semiconductor substrate, forming a field oxide layer on the semiconductor substrate, isolating to form a plurality of active regions by the field oxide layer, and then performing a well implantation process in the plurality of active regions to form a P well or an N well; S2: forming a gate oxide layer on the semiconductor substrate; S3: forming a first polysilicon gate layer; S4: defining a position of a memory gate by means of a photolithography process and an etching process, etching away the first polysilicon gate layer in the area of the position of the memory gate, and stopping etching on the gate oxide layer to define a formation area of the memory gate; S5: cleaning away the gate oxide layer in the formation area of the memory gate on the semiconductor substrate to expose the semiconductor substrate, and then sequentially depositing an ONO layer and a second polysilicon gate layer; S6: performing a planarization process on the second polysilicon gate layer, and stopping the planarization process on the ONO layer; S7: cleaning away the ONO layer on the first polysilicon gate layer, and then forming a gate structure of a logic device and a gate structure of a 1.5T SONOS device by means of a photolithography process and an etching process; and S8: completing a subsequent process of the 1.5T SONOS device and the logic device to complete manufacturing of the 1.5T SONOS flash memory. 2. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, an active region of the logic device and an active region of the 1.5T SONOS device are formed by isolating by the field oxide layer. 3. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 2, wherein the active region of the logic device comprises an active region of a core device and an active region of an input-output device. 4. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer comprises a first gate oxide layer in the active region of the 1.5T SONOS device and a second gate oxide layer in the active region of the core device, and the first gate oxide layer is thicker than the second gate oxide layer. 5. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the first gate oxide layer is between 35 Å and 150 Å. 6. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the second gate oxide layer is between 15 Å and 35 Å. 7. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer further comprises a gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device, and the thickness of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device is the same as that of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the 1.5T SONOS device. 8. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer further comprises a gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device, and the thickness of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device is the same as that of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the 1.5T SONOS device. 9. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer is formed by means of an oxidation process. 10. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the first polysilicon gate layer is formed by means of a deposition process. 11. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 7, wherein the first polysilicon gate layer is formed by means of a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process. 12. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 8, wherein the first polysilicon gate layer is formed by means of a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process. 13. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the gate oxide layer in the formation area of the memory gate on the semiconductor substrate is cleaned away to expose the semiconductor substrate in the formation area of the memory gate, and then the ONO layer is deposited such that the ONO layer covers the surface of the exposed semiconductor substrate and the surface of the exposed first polysilicon gate layer. 14. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 13, wherein the gate oxide layer in the formation area of the memory gate on the semiconductor substrate is cleaned away by hydrogen fluoride (HF). 15. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 13, wherein the ONO layer is deposited and formed by means of a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process or an atomic layer deposition (ALD) manner. 16. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the second polysilicon gate layer is greater than the thickness of the first polysilicon gate layer. 17. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 13, wherein the ONO layer sequentially comprises a first silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, and a second silicon oxide layer from bottom to top, the first silicon oxide layer is a tunneling oxide layer of the device, the silicon nitride layer is a data storage medium layer, and the second silicon oxide layer is a blocking oxide layer. 18. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the gate structure of the 1.5T SONOS device comprises a gate structure of the memory gate and a gate structure of a select gate, the gate structure of the memory gate comprises an ONO layer and a polysilicon layer on the ONO layer, and the gate structure of the select gate comprises a gate oxide layer and a polysilicon layer on the gate oxide layer. 19. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the gate structure of the logic device and the gate structure of the 1.5T SONOS device are formed by using one photomask through one time of the photolithography process and etching process. 20. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, after step S4, further comprising step S41: performing adjustment and injection of a threshold voltage Vt in the formation area of the memory gate. | Embodiments described herein relate to a method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory. First, a first polysilicon gate layer is deposited and formed on a semiconductor substrate, then a formation area of a memory gate is defined on the first polysilicon gate layer, polysilicon in the formation area of the memory gate is etched away, and etching is stopped on a gate oxide layer. Next, an ONO layer and a second polysilicon gate layer are sequentially deposited, chemical mechanical polishing is performed on the second polysilicon gate layer, the ONO layer remaining on the top of the first polysilicon gate layer is cleaned away, and then gate structures of a logic device and a 1.5T SONOS device are formed at the same time.1. A method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory, comprising:
S1: providing a semiconductor substrate, forming a field oxide layer on the semiconductor substrate, isolating to form a plurality of active regions by the field oxide layer, and then performing a well implantation process in the plurality of active regions to form a P well or an N well; S2: forming a gate oxide layer on the semiconductor substrate; S3: forming a first polysilicon gate layer; S4: defining a position of a memory gate by means of a photolithography process and an etching process, etching away the first polysilicon gate layer in the area of the position of the memory gate, and stopping etching on the gate oxide layer to define a formation area of the memory gate; S5: cleaning away the gate oxide layer in the formation area of the memory gate on the semiconductor substrate to expose the semiconductor substrate, and then sequentially depositing an ONO layer and a second polysilicon gate layer; S6: performing a planarization process on the second polysilicon gate layer, and stopping the planarization process on the ONO layer; S7: cleaning away the ONO layer on the first polysilicon gate layer, and then forming a gate structure of a logic device and a gate structure of a 1.5T SONOS device by means of a photolithography process and an etching process; and S8: completing a subsequent process of the 1.5T SONOS device and the logic device to complete manufacturing of the 1.5T SONOS flash memory. 2. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, an active region of the logic device and an active region of the 1.5T SONOS device are formed by isolating by the field oxide layer. 3. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 2, wherein the active region of the logic device comprises an active region of a core device and an active region of an input-output device. 4. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer comprises a first gate oxide layer in the active region of the 1.5T SONOS device and a second gate oxide layer in the active region of the core device, and the first gate oxide layer is thicker than the second gate oxide layer. 5. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the first gate oxide layer is between 35 Å and 150 Å. 6. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the second gate oxide layer is between 15 Å and 35 Å. 7. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer further comprises a gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device, and the thickness of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device is the same as that of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the 1.5T SONOS device. 8. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer further comprises a gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device, and the thickness of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the input-output device is the same as that of the gate oxide layer in the active region of the 1.5T SONOS device. 9. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the gate oxide layer is formed by means of an oxidation process. 10. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the first polysilicon gate layer is formed by means of a deposition process. 11. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 7, wherein the first polysilicon gate layer is formed by means of a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process. 12. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 8, wherein the first polysilicon gate layer is formed by means of a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process. 13. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the gate oxide layer in the formation area of the memory gate on the semiconductor substrate is cleaned away to expose the semiconductor substrate in the formation area of the memory gate, and then the ONO layer is deposited such that the ONO layer covers the surface of the exposed semiconductor substrate and the surface of the exposed first polysilicon gate layer. 14. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 13, wherein the gate oxide layer in the formation area of the memory gate on the semiconductor substrate is cleaned away by hydrogen fluoride (HF). 15. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 13, wherein the ONO layer is deposited and formed by means of a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process or an atomic layer deposition (ALD) manner. 16. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the second polysilicon gate layer is greater than the thickness of the first polysilicon gate layer. 17. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 13, wherein the ONO layer sequentially comprises a first silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, and a second silicon oxide layer from bottom to top, the first silicon oxide layer is a tunneling oxide layer of the device, the silicon nitride layer is a data storage medium layer, and the second silicon oxide layer is a blocking oxide layer. 18. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the gate structure of the 1.5T SONOS device comprises a gate structure of the memory gate and a gate structure of a select gate, the gate structure of the memory gate comprises an ONO layer and a polysilicon layer on the ONO layer, and the gate structure of the select gate comprises a gate oxide layer and a polysilicon layer on the gate oxide layer. 19. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, the gate structure of the logic device and the gate structure of the 1.5T SONOS device are formed by using one photomask through one time of the photolithography process and etching process. 20. The method for manufacturing a 1.5T SONOS flash memory according to claim 1, after step S4, further comprising step S41: performing adjustment and injection of a threshold voltage Vt in the formation area of the memory gate. | 2,800 |
339,350 | 16,800,252 | 2,827 | A relay device includes: multiple ports for transmitting and receiving a frame; at least one queue arranged for each of the ports, storing a transmission scheduled frame, and having a variable storage capacity; and a capacity controller controlling the storage capacity of each of queues for the ports. A distribution pattern of a value of the storage capacity allocated to each of the queues is defined as a capacity distribution pattern. The capacity distribution pattern includes a first pattern which is the capacity distribution pattern in an initial state and a second pattern which is different from the first pattern. The capacity controller switches the capacity distribution pattern from the first pattern to the second pattern when a predetermined switching condition is satisfied. | 1. A relay device for transferring a received frame, comprising:
a plurality of ports for transmitting and receiving a frame; at least one queue arranged for each of the ports, storing a transmission scheduled frame which is to be transmitted from a corresponding port, and having a variable storage capacity; and a capacity controller controlling the storage capacity of each of queues for the ports, wherein: a distribution pattern of a value of the storage capacity allocated to each of the queues is defined as a capacity distribution pattern; the capacity distribution pattern includes a first pattern which is the capacity distribution pattern in an initial state and a second pattern which is different from the first pattern; and the capacity controller switches the capacity distribution pattern from the first pattern to the second pattern when a predetermined switching condition is satisfied. 2. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
in the first pattern and the second pattern, at least one of the queues has a larger value of the storage capacity in the second pattern than in the first pattern. 3. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
the capacity controller switches the capacity distribution pattern from the second pattern to the first pattern when a predetermined time elapses after switching the capacity distribution pattern from the first pattern to the second pattern. 4. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
when switching the capacity distribution pattern, the capacity controller discards a frame exceeding a post-switching storage capacity, which is the storage capacity in the capacity distribution pattern after switching, among frames stored in one of the queues whose usage storage capacity exceeds the post-switching storage capacity. 5. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
when switching the capacity distribution pattern, one of the queues whose usage storage capacity exceeds a post-switching storage capacity, which is the storage capacity in the capacity distribution pattern after switching, is defined as an excess queue; the capacity controller performs a capacity change process at predetermined time intervals until the usage storage capacity of the excess queue becomes equal to or less than the post-switching storage capacity by transmitting a frame stored in the excess queue; the capacity change process includes: setting the storage capacity of the excess queue to a current usage storage capacity of the excess queue; and allocating a decrease in the storage capacity of the excess queue, which is generated by the setting of the storage capacity, to a storage capacity of at least another one of the queues whose post-switching storage capacity is larger than a pre-switching storage capacity; and the pre-switching storage capacity is the storage capacity in the capacity distribution pattern before switching. 6. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
the capacity controller determines whether the switching condition is satisfied based on specific information included in the received frame. 7. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
the switching condition includes a plurality of switching requirements; each of the switching requirements has a different second pattern; and the capacity controller switches the capacity distribution pattern from the first pattern to one of second patterns corresponding to one of the switching requirements that is determined to be established when the one of the switching requirements is established. 8. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
the capacity controller changes the storage capacity of each of the queues in the second pattern based on information included in the received frame when the switching condition is satisfied. | A relay device includes: multiple ports for transmitting and receiving a frame; at least one queue arranged for each of the ports, storing a transmission scheduled frame, and having a variable storage capacity; and a capacity controller controlling the storage capacity of each of queues for the ports. A distribution pattern of a value of the storage capacity allocated to each of the queues is defined as a capacity distribution pattern. The capacity distribution pattern includes a first pattern which is the capacity distribution pattern in an initial state and a second pattern which is different from the first pattern. The capacity controller switches the capacity distribution pattern from the first pattern to the second pattern when a predetermined switching condition is satisfied.1. A relay device for transferring a received frame, comprising:
a plurality of ports for transmitting and receiving a frame; at least one queue arranged for each of the ports, storing a transmission scheduled frame which is to be transmitted from a corresponding port, and having a variable storage capacity; and a capacity controller controlling the storage capacity of each of queues for the ports, wherein: a distribution pattern of a value of the storage capacity allocated to each of the queues is defined as a capacity distribution pattern; the capacity distribution pattern includes a first pattern which is the capacity distribution pattern in an initial state and a second pattern which is different from the first pattern; and the capacity controller switches the capacity distribution pattern from the first pattern to the second pattern when a predetermined switching condition is satisfied. 2. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
in the first pattern and the second pattern, at least one of the queues has a larger value of the storage capacity in the second pattern than in the first pattern. 3. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
the capacity controller switches the capacity distribution pattern from the second pattern to the first pattern when a predetermined time elapses after switching the capacity distribution pattern from the first pattern to the second pattern. 4. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
when switching the capacity distribution pattern, the capacity controller discards a frame exceeding a post-switching storage capacity, which is the storage capacity in the capacity distribution pattern after switching, among frames stored in one of the queues whose usage storage capacity exceeds the post-switching storage capacity. 5. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
when switching the capacity distribution pattern, one of the queues whose usage storage capacity exceeds a post-switching storage capacity, which is the storage capacity in the capacity distribution pattern after switching, is defined as an excess queue; the capacity controller performs a capacity change process at predetermined time intervals until the usage storage capacity of the excess queue becomes equal to or less than the post-switching storage capacity by transmitting a frame stored in the excess queue; the capacity change process includes: setting the storage capacity of the excess queue to a current usage storage capacity of the excess queue; and allocating a decrease in the storage capacity of the excess queue, which is generated by the setting of the storage capacity, to a storage capacity of at least another one of the queues whose post-switching storage capacity is larger than a pre-switching storage capacity; and the pre-switching storage capacity is the storage capacity in the capacity distribution pattern before switching. 6. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
the capacity controller determines whether the switching condition is satisfied based on specific information included in the received frame. 7. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
the switching condition includes a plurality of switching requirements; each of the switching requirements has a different second pattern; and the capacity controller switches the capacity distribution pattern from the first pattern to one of second patterns corresponding to one of the switching requirements that is determined to be established when the one of the switching requirements is established. 8. The relay device according to claim 1, wherein:
the capacity controller changes the storage capacity of each of the queues in the second pattern based on information included in the received frame when the switching condition is satisfied. | 2,800 |
339,351 | 16,800,201 | 2,827 | A substrate-on-substrate structure and an electronic device including the same are provided, and the substrate-on-substrate structure includes: a first printed circuit board having a first side and a second side, opposite to the first side; a second printed circuit board disposed on the second side of the first printed circuit board, and having a first side connected to the second side of the first printed circuit board and a second side opposite to the first side connected to the second side of the first printed circuit board; a reinforcing structure attached to the first side of the second printed circuit board, and spaced apart from the second side of the first printed circuit board; and an underfill resin disposed between the second side of the first printed circuit board and the first side of the second printed circuit board, and covering at least a portion of the reinforcing structure. | 1. A substrate-on-substrate structure, comprising:
a first printed circuit board having a first side and a second side, opposite to the first side; a second printed circuit board disposed on the second side of the first printed circuit board, the second printed circuit board having a first side connected to the second side of the first printed circuit board, and the second printed circuit board having a second side opposite to the first side of the second printed circuit board; a reinforcing structure attached to the first side of the second printed circuit board, and spaced apart from the second side of the first printed circuit board; and an underfill resin disposed between the second side of the first printed circuit board and the first side of the second printed circuit board, and covering at least a portion of the reinforcing structure. 2. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of electrical connection metals disposed between the second side of the first printed circuit board and the first side of the second printed circuit board, and connecting the second side of the first printed circuit board to the first side of the second printed circuit board, wherein the underfill resin covers at least a portion of each of the plurality of electrical connection metals. 3. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 2, further comprising:
a passive component mounted on the first side of the second printed circuit board, wherein the underfill resin covers at least portion of the passive component. 4. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 3, wherein the reinforcing structure has a through portion, and
the plurality of electrical connection metals and the passive component are disposed in the through portion. 5. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 1, wherein the reinforcing structure is continuously disposed along an edge of the first side of the second printed circuit board. 6. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 1, wherein the reinforcing structure is attached to the first side of the second printed circuit board through an adhesive. 7. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 1, wherein the underfill resin is disposed in at least a portion between the second side of the first printed circuit board and the reinforcing structure. 8. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 1, wherein the first printed circuit board is a core type printed circuit board, and
the second printed circuit board is a coreless type printed circuit board. 9. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 8, wherein the first printed circuit board is thicker than the second printed circuit board. 10. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 8, wherein a planar area of the first printed circuit board is greater than that of the second printed circuit board. 11. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 1, wherein the first printed circuit board includes first pads having a first pitch in the first side of the first printed circuit board,
the second printed circuit board includes second pads having a second pitch in the first side of the second printed circuit board, and the first pitch is greater than the second pitch. 12. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 11, wherein the second printed circuit board further includes third pads having a third pitch in the second side of the second printed circuit board, and
the second pitch is greater than the third pitch. 13. An electronic device, comprising:
a mainboard; a first printed circuit board disposed on an upper side of the mainboard; a second printed circuit board disposed on an upper side of the first printed circuit board; an electronic component disposed on an upper side of the second printed circuit board; a reinforcing structure disposed between the first and second printed circuit boards, attached to a lower side of the second printed circuit board, and spaced apart from the first printed circuit board; and an underfill resin disposed between the first and second printed circuit boards, and covering at least a portion of the reinforcing structure. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the first printed circuit board is mounted on the mainboard through a plurality of first electrical connection metals having a first pitch,
the second printed circuit board is mounted on the first printed circuit board through a plurality of second electrical connection metals having a second pitch, the electronic component is mounted on the second printed circuit board through a plurality of third electrical connection metals having a third pitch, the first pitch is greater than the second pitch, and the second pitch is greater than the third pitch. 15. A substrate-on-substrate structure, comprising:
a first printed circuit board; first electrical connection metals disposed on a lower side of the first printed circuit board; a second printed circuit board disposed on an upper side of the first printed circuit board; second electrical connection metals disposed between the upper side of the first printed circuit board and a lower side of the second printed circuit board, and connecting the first printed circuit board and the second printed circuit board to each other; third electrical connection metals disposed on an upper side of the second printed circuit board; and a reinforcing structure disposed between the first and second printed circuit boards, attached to the lower side of the second printed circuit board, and spaced apart from the first printed circuit board. 16. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 15, further comprising:
an underfill resin disposed between the first and second printed circuit boards, and covering at least a portion of the reinforcing structure. 17. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 15, furher comprising a mainboard,
wherein the first printed circuit board is mounted on the mainboard through the first electrical connection metals. 18. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 17, wherein the reinforcing structure is composed of a metal or a ceramic. 19. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 17, wherein an elastic modulus of the reinforcing structure is greater than each of an elastic modulus of a build-up layer of the first printed circuit board and an elastic modulus of a build-up layer of the second printed circuit board. 20. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 15, wherein the reinforcing structure has a through hole, in which each of the second electrical connection metals is disposed. | A substrate-on-substrate structure and an electronic device including the same are provided, and the substrate-on-substrate structure includes: a first printed circuit board having a first side and a second side, opposite to the first side; a second printed circuit board disposed on the second side of the first printed circuit board, and having a first side connected to the second side of the first printed circuit board and a second side opposite to the first side connected to the second side of the first printed circuit board; a reinforcing structure attached to the first side of the second printed circuit board, and spaced apart from the second side of the first printed circuit board; and an underfill resin disposed between the second side of the first printed circuit board and the first side of the second printed circuit board, and covering at least a portion of the reinforcing structure.1. A substrate-on-substrate structure, comprising:
a first printed circuit board having a first side and a second side, opposite to the first side; a second printed circuit board disposed on the second side of the first printed circuit board, the second printed circuit board having a first side connected to the second side of the first printed circuit board, and the second printed circuit board having a second side opposite to the first side of the second printed circuit board; a reinforcing structure attached to the first side of the second printed circuit board, and spaced apart from the second side of the first printed circuit board; and an underfill resin disposed between the second side of the first printed circuit board and the first side of the second printed circuit board, and covering at least a portion of the reinforcing structure. 2. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of electrical connection metals disposed between the second side of the first printed circuit board and the first side of the second printed circuit board, and connecting the second side of the first printed circuit board to the first side of the second printed circuit board, wherein the underfill resin covers at least a portion of each of the plurality of electrical connection metals. 3. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 2, further comprising:
a passive component mounted on the first side of the second printed circuit board, wherein the underfill resin covers at least portion of the passive component. 4. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 3, wherein the reinforcing structure has a through portion, and
the plurality of electrical connection metals and the passive component are disposed in the through portion. 5. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 1, wherein the reinforcing structure is continuously disposed along an edge of the first side of the second printed circuit board. 6. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 1, wherein the reinforcing structure is attached to the first side of the second printed circuit board through an adhesive. 7. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 1, wherein the underfill resin is disposed in at least a portion between the second side of the first printed circuit board and the reinforcing structure. 8. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 1, wherein the first printed circuit board is a core type printed circuit board, and
the second printed circuit board is a coreless type printed circuit board. 9. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 8, wherein the first printed circuit board is thicker than the second printed circuit board. 10. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 8, wherein a planar area of the first printed circuit board is greater than that of the second printed circuit board. 11. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 1, wherein the first printed circuit board includes first pads having a first pitch in the first side of the first printed circuit board,
the second printed circuit board includes second pads having a second pitch in the first side of the second printed circuit board, and the first pitch is greater than the second pitch. 12. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 11, wherein the second printed circuit board further includes third pads having a third pitch in the second side of the second printed circuit board, and
the second pitch is greater than the third pitch. 13. An electronic device, comprising:
a mainboard; a first printed circuit board disposed on an upper side of the mainboard; a second printed circuit board disposed on an upper side of the first printed circuit board; an electronic component disposed on an upper side of the second printed circuit board; a reinforcing structure disposed between the first and second printed circuit boards, attached to a lower side of the second printed circuit board, and spaced apart from the first printed circuit board; and an underfill resin disposed between the first and second printed circuit boards, and covering at least a portion of the reinforcing structure. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the first printed circuit board is mounted on the mainboard through a plurality of first electrical connection metals having a first pitch,
the second printed circuit board is mounted on the first printed circuit board through a plurality of second electrical connection metals having a second pitch, the electronic component is mounted on the second printed circuit board through a plurality of third electrical connection metals having a third pitch, the first pitch is greater than the second pitch, and the second pitch is greater than the third pitch. 15. A substrate-on-substrate structure, comprising:
a first printed circuit board; first electrical connection metals disposed on a lower side of the first printed circuit board; a second printed circuit board disposed on an upper side of the first printed circuit board; second electrical connection metals disposed between the upper side of the first printed circuit board and a lower side of the second printed circuit board, and connecting the first printed circuit board and the second printed circuit board to each other; third electrical connection metals disposed on an upper side of the second printed circuit board; and a reinforcing structure disposed between the first and second printed circuit boards, attached to the lower side of the second printed circuit board, and spaced apart from the first printed circuit board. 16. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 15, further comprising:
an underfill resin disposed between the first and second printed circuit boards, and covering at least a portion of the reinforcing structure. 17. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 15, furher comprising a mainboard,
wherein the first printed circuit board is mounted on the mainboard through the first electrical connection metals. 18. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 17, wherein the reinforcing structure is composed of a metal or a ceramic. 19. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 17, wherein an elastic modulus of the reinforcing structure is greater than each of an elastic modulus of a build-up layer of the first printed circuit board and an elastic modulus of a build-up layer of the second printed circuit board. 20. The substrate-on-substrate structure of claim 15, wherein the reinforcing structure has a through hole, in which each of the second electrical connection metals is disposed. | 2,800 |
339,352 | 16,800,230 | 2,827 | A combination lock has a touch panel to receive a keypad entry code indicative of a combination code for unlocking the lock with various access levels, including a first level and second level. The combination lock is also arranged to receive the combination code from a mobile device via wireless signals. The combination lock also has an independent key-lock mechanism for unlocking the lock with a key. The mobile device has an application icon, when activated, prompting the wireless signals indicative of the combination code. The mobile device also has a deactivation icon and re-activation associated with the combination code of the first level. The deactivation icon causes the disablement of the touch panel and the key-lock mechanism when activated. The re-activation icon terminates the disablement of the touch panel and the key-lock mechanism when activated. | 1-15. (canceled) 16. A mobile device, comprising:
a display configured with an application icon arranged for communications with a combination lock, and an electronic circuit configured to provide wireless signals when the application icon is activated, the wireless signals indicative of a combination code for operating the combination lock at one of a plurality of access levels, the access levels comprising at least a first level and a second level, wherein the combination code for the second level is indicative of a permission to access the combination lock, and the combination code for the first level is indicative of a permission to access the combination lock an unlimited number of times and a permission to change the combination code for all access levels, wherein the wireless signals comprise a communication signal for electronically linking the combination lock to the mobile device, and wherein the wireless signals comprise a communication range, and the display of the mobile device is arranged to show a list of one or more combination locks found in the communication range and to allow selection of one combination lock from the list for linking to the mobile device, wherein the list on the display comprises an electronic identity associated with each of the one or more combination locks found, and wherein the combination lock comprises a touch panel arranged to receive information indicative of a keypad entry for operating the combination lock independently of the wireless signals, and wherein the display is further configured with a deactivation icon associated only with the combination code for the first level, and when the deactivation icon is activated, the wireless signals are arranged to cause a disablement of the touch panel in receiving the information indicative of the keypad entry. 17. The mobile device according to claim 16, wherein the combination lock further comprises a key-lock mechanism configured to unlock the combination lock by a key independently of the keypad entry and the wireless signals, and wherein when the deactivation icon is activated, the wireless signals are also arranged to cause a disablement of the key-lock mechanism. 18. The mobile device according to claim 16, wherein the display is also configured with a re-activation icon associated only with the combination code for the first level, and when the re-activation icon is activated, the wireless signals are arranged to terminate the disablement of the touch panel, allowing the touch panel to receive information indicative of the keypad entry. 19. The mobile device according to claim 16, where the combination code for the second level is further indicative of a permission to access the combination lock an unlimited number of access times, and wherein the plurality of access levels further comprise a third level, wherein the combination code for the third access level is indicative of a permission to access the combination lock a limited number of access times. 20. The mobile device according to claim 17, wherein the key-lock mechanism further comprises a re-activation mechanism to terminate the disablement of the key-lock mechanism independently of the wireless signals. 21. The mobile device according to claim 16, wherein the communication signals are arranged for electronically linking the combination lock to the mobile device in a pairing process, and the mobile device further comprises a non-transitory memory unit configured for storing an identity of the combination lock that has been electronically paired with the mobile device. 22. The mobile device according to claim 21, wherein if the selected combination lock has been electronically paired with the mobile device, the mobile device is configured to send a password associated with the selected combination lock via the wireless signals, the password indicative of the combination code indicated in the wireless signals, wherein the selected combination lock is configured to respond to the password based on an access level of the combination code indicated in the wireless signals, and wherein the display is further configured to allow deletion from the memory unit of the identity of the combination lock that has been electronically paired with the mobile device. 23. The mobile device according to claim 22, wherein the combination lock comprises at least one preset code stored therein and the display is configured to provide a graphic keypad to indicate whether the combination code indicated in the wireless signals matches said at least one preset code and to allow making a gesture on the display for unlocking the combination lock. 24. The mobile device according to claim 23, wherein the plurality of access levels further comprise a third level, wherein the combination code for the third access level is indicative of a permission to access the combination lock a limited number of access times, and wherein said at least one preset code is associated with one of the plurality of access levels, and when the matched preset code is associated with a code for the first level, the display is arranged to allow entry from the mobile device a new code for replacing the matched preset code in the selected combination lock, the display further arranged to allow entry from the mobile device one or more new preset codes associated with the second level or the third level. 25. The mobile device according to claim 23, wherein the plurality of access levels further comprise a third level, wherein the combination code for the third access level is indicative of a permission to access the combination lock a limited number of access times, and wherein said at least one preset code is associated with one of the plurality of access levels, and when the matched preset code is associated with a code for the first level, the display is arranged to allow entry from the mobile device information indicative of assignment of one or more users of the second and/or third levels for the selected combination lock. 26. The mobile device according to claim 25, wherein the information comprises the limited number of access times for the users of the third level. 27. The mobile device according to claim 16, comprising a mobile phone configured for communications in Bluetooth wireless channels. | A combination lock has a touch panel to receive a keypad entry code indicative of a combination code for unlocking the lock with various access levels, including a first level and second level. The combination lock is also arranged to receive the combination code from a mobile device via wireless signals. The combination lock also has an independent key-lock mechanism for unlocking the lock with a key. The mobile device has an application icon, when activated, prompting the wireless signals indicative of the combination code. The mobile device also has a deactivation icon and re-activation associated with the combination code of the first level. The deactivation icon causes the disablement of the touch panel and the key-lock mechanism when activated. The re-activation icon terminates the disablement of the touch panel and the key-lock mechanism when activated.1-15. (canceled) 16. A mobile device, comprising:
a display configured with an application icon arranged for communications with a combination lock, and an electronic circuit configured to provide wireless signals when the application icon is activated, the wireless signals indicative of a combination code for operating the combination lock at one of a plurality of access levels, the access levels comprising at least a first level and a second level, wherein the combination code for the second level is indicative of a permission to access the combination lock, and the combination code for the first level is indicative of a permission to access the combination lock an unlimited number of times and a permission to change the combination code for all access levels, wherein the wireless signals comprise a communication signal for electronically linking the combination lock to the mobile device, and wherein the wireless signals comprise a communication range, and the display of the mobile device is arranged to show a list of one or more combination locks found in the communication range and to allow selection of one combination lock from the list for linking to the mobile device, wherein the list on the display comprises an electronic identity associated with each of the one or more combination locks found, and wherein the combination lock comprises a touch panel arranged to receive information indicative of a keypad entry for operating the combination lock independently of the wireless signals, and wherein the display is further configured with a deactivation icon associated only with the combination code for the first level, and when the deactivation icon is activated, the wireless signals are arranged to cause a disablement of the touch panel in receiving the information indicative of the keypad entry. 17. The mobile device according to claim 16, wherein the combination lock further comprises a key-lock mechanism configured to unlock the combination lock by a key independently of the keypad entry and the wireless signals, and wherein when the deactivation icon is activated, the wireless signals are also arranged to cause a disablement of the key-lock mechanism. 18. The mobile device according to claim 16, wherein the display is also configured with a re-activation icon associated only with the combination code for the first level, and when the re-activation icon is activated, the wireless signals are arranged to terminate the disablement of the touch panel, allowing the touch panel to receive information indicative of the keypad entry. 19. The mobile device according to claim 16, where the combination code for the second level is further indicative of a permission to access the combination lock an unlimited number of access times, and wherein the plurality of access levels further comprise a third level, wherein the combination code for the third access level is indicative of a permission to access the combination lock a limited number of access times. 20. The mobile device according to claim 17, wherein the key-lock mechanism further comprises a re-activation mechanism to terminate the disablement of the key-lock mechanism independently of the wireless signals. 21. The mobile device according to claim 16, wherein the communication signals are arranged for electronically linking the combination lock to the mobile device in a pairing process, and the mobile device further comprises a non-transitory memory unit configured for storing an identity of the combination lock that has been electronically paired with the mobile device. 22. The mobile device according to claim 21, wherein if the selected combination lock has been electronically paired with the mobile device, the mobile device is configured to send a password associated with the selected combination lock via the wireless signals, the password indicative of the combination code indicated in the wireless signals, wherein the selected combination lock is configured to respond to the password based on an access level of the combination code indicated in the wireless signals, and wherein the display is further configured to allow deletion from the memory unit of the identity of the combination lock that has been electronically paired with the mobile device. 23. The mobile device according to claim 22, wherein the combination lock comprises at least one preset code stored therein and the display is configured to provide a graphic keypad to indicate whether the combination code indicated in the wireless signals matches said at least one preset code and to allow making a gesture on the display for unlocking the combination lock. 24. The mobile device according to claim 23, wherein the plurality of access levels further comprise a third level, wherein the combination code for the third access level is indicative of a permission to access the combination lock a limited number of access times, and wherein said at least one preset code is associated with one of the plurality of access levels, and when the matched preset code is associated with a code for the first level, the display is arranged to allow entry from the mobile device a new code for replacing the matched preset code in the selected combination lock, the display further arranged to allow entry from the mobile device one or more new preset codes associated with the second level or the third level. 25. The mobile device according to claim 23, wherein the plurality of access levels further comprise a third level, wherein the combination code for the third access level is indicative of a permission to access the combination lock a limited number of access times, and wherein said at least one preset code is associated with one of the plurality of access levels, and when the matched preset code is associated with a code for the first level, the display is arranged to allow entry from the mobile device information indicative of assignment of one or more users of the second and/or third levels for the selected combination lock. 26. The mobile device according to claim 25, wherein the information comprises the limited number of access times for the users of the third level. 27. The mobile device according to claim 16, comprising a mobile phone configured for communications in Bluetooth wireless channels. | 2,800 |
339,353 | 16,800,242 | 2,827 | A texture filtering unit includes a datapath block and a control block. The datapath block includes one or more parallel computation pipelines, each containing at least one hardware logic component configured to receive a plurality of inputs and generate an output value as part of a texture filtering operation. The control block includes a plurality of sequencers and an arbiter. Each sequencer executes a micro-program that defines a sequence of operations to be performed by the one or more pipelines in the datapath block as part of a texture filtering operation and the arbiter controls access, by the sequencers, to the one or more pipelines in the datapath based on predefined prioritization rules. | 1. A graphics processing unit comprising a computation unit implemented in hardware logic, the computation unit comprising:
a plurality of inputs arranged to receive one or more input values each clock cycle and a plurality of SOP coefficients, the plurality of SOP coefficients comprising coefficients relating to a plurality of different SOPs; a datapath block comprising one or more computation pipelines, each containing at least one hardware logic component configured to receive a plurality of inputs and generate an output value as part of a SOP operation; and a control block comprising a plurality of sequencers and an arbiter, wherein each sequencer comprises a plurality of hard-coded micro-programs (226) and hardware logic arranged to select one of the micro-programs based on one or more control inputs, wherein each micro-program defines a sequence of operations to be performed by the pipelines in the datapath block as part of a SOP computation and different micro-programs implement different SOPs, and wherein the arbiter comprises hardware logic arranged to control access to the computation pipelines by the sequencers according to prioritization rules. 2. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein each operation in the sequence of operations defined by a micro-program apart from a final operation in the sequence generates an intermediate value and the final operation in the sequence generates an output value and wherein the datapath block further comprises scratchpad registers, wherein the scratchpad registers are arranged to store the intermediate values generated by one of the computation pipelines when performing operations in a micro-program. 3. The graphics processing unit according to claim 2, wherein the scratchpad registers comprise a set of scratchpad registers for each sequencer in the control block, wherein the set of scratchpad registers for a sequencer are arranged to store the intermediate values generated by one of the computation pipelines when performing one of the operations in the sequence defined by the selected micro-program. 4. The graphics processing unit according to claim 2, wherein the scratchpad registers are further arranged to store an output value and wherein one of the computation pipelines comprises a bypass path that bypasses the hardware logic component within it. 5. The graphics processing unit according to claim 2, wherein the control block outputs, for each intermediate value generated by one of the computation pipelines, a destination for the intermediate result. 6. The graphics processing unit according to claim 6, wherein the destination for an intermediate result is a location in the scratchpad registers. 7. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein each sequencer is arranged, when executing a selected micro-program, to send a sequence of requests for access to one of the pipelines in the datapath block to the arbiter, each request corresponding to an operation in the sequence defined by the selected micro-program, and wherein the hardware logic in the arbiter is arranged to control access to the computation pipelines by applying the prioritization rules to the requests received from the sequencers. 8. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein the prioritization rules prioritize access for operations involving a new input value. 9. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein the control block further comprises a main controller unit arranged to indicate when sequencers can start executing a micro-program and to control an order in which outputs are output, via an output, from the computation unit. 10. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein any state transitions in a micro-program are controlled based on the control inputs and not on the input values. 11. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein the datapath block comprises a plurality of parallel computation pipelines. 12. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein all of the sequencers in the control block are identical. 13. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein the input values comprise a plurality of interleaved input values from different streams accessed from memory at the same time. 14. A method of evaluating a plurality of SOPs within a GPU, the GPU comprising a computation unit and the computation unit comprising a datapath block comprising one or more computation pipelines and a control block comprising a plurality of sequencers and an arbiter, the method comprising:
selecting, in each sequencer, a micro-program based on one or more control inputs, wherein the micro-program defines a sequence of operations to be performed by the pipelines in the datapath block as part of a SOP computation and different micro-programs implement different SOPs; executing, in each sequencer, the selected micro-program and sending a sequence of requests for access to one of the pipelines in the datapath block to the arbiter, each request corresponding to an operation in the sequence defined by the selected micro-program; and allocating, in the arbiter, the pipelines in the datapath block to one of the sequencers based on the requests received and prioritization rules. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
generating, in a pipeline, an output value as part of a SOP computation. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein generating an output value as part of a SOP computation comprises:
generating, from each operation in the sequence of operations defined by a micro-program apart from a final operation in the sequence, an intermediate value; generating, from the final operation in the sequence, an output value; and storing, in scratchpad registers in the datapath block, the intermediate values. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
in response to being unable to output an output value, storing the output value. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
sending, by a sequencer when executing a selected micro-program, a sequence of requests for access to one of the pipelines in the datapath block to the arbiter, each request corresponding to an operation in the sequence defined by the selected micro-program; and controlling access to the computation pipelines by applying the prioritization rules to the requests received from the sequencers. 19. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
indicating, by a main controller unit in the control block when sequencers can start executing a micro-program; and controlling an order in which outputs are output from the computation unit. 20. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon an integrated circuit definition dataset that, when processed in an integrated circuit manufacturing system, configures the integrated circuit manufacturing system to manufacture a graphics processing unit, the graphics processing unit comprising a computation unit implemented in hardware logic, the computation unit comprising:
a plurality of inputs arranged to receive one or more input values each clock cycle and a plurality of SOP coefficients, the plurality of SOP coefficients comprising coefficients relating to a plurality of different SOPs; a datapath block comprising one or more computation pipelines, each containing at least one hardware logic component configured to receive a plurality of inputs and generate an output value as part of a SOP operation; and a control block comprising a plurality of sequencers and an arbiter, | A texture filtering unit includes a datapath block and a control block. The datapath block includes one or more parallel computation pipelines, each containing at least one hardware logic component configured to receive a plurality of inputs and generate an output value as part of a texture filtering operation. The control block includes a plurality of sequencers and an arbiter. Each sequencer executes a micro-program that defines a sequence of operations to be performed by the one or more pipelines in the datapath block as part of a texture filtering operation and the arbiter controls access, by the sequencers, to the one or more pipelines in the datapath based on predefined prioritization rules.1. A graphics processing unit comprising a computation unit implemented in hardware logic, the computation unit comprising:
a plurality of inputs arranged to receive one or more input values each clock cycle and a plurality of SOP coefficients, the plurality of SOP coefficients comprising coefficients relating to a plurality of different SOPs; a datapath block comprising one or more computation pipelines, each containing at least one hardware logic component configured to receive a plurality of inputs and generate an output value as part of a SOP operation; and a control block comprising a plurality of sequencers and an arbiter, wherein each sequencer comprises a plurality of hard-coded micro-programs (226) and hardware logic arranged to select one of the micro-programs based on one or more control inputs, wherein each micro-program defines a sequence of operations to be performed by the pipelines in the datapath block as part of a SOP computation and different micro-programs implement different SOPs, and wherein the arbiter comprises hardware logic arranged to control access to the computation pipelines by the sequencers according to prioritization rules. 2. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein each operation in the sequence of operations defined by a micro-program apart from a final operation in the sequence generates an intermediate value and the final operation in the sequence generates an output value and wherein the datapath block further comprises scratchpad registers, wherein the scratchpad registers are arranged to store the intermediate values generated by one of the computation pipelines when performing operations in a micro-program. 3. The graphics processing unit according to claim 2, wherein the scratchpad registers comprise a set of scratchpad registers for each sequencer in the control block, wherein the set of scratchpad registers for a sequencer are arranged to store the intermediate values generated by one of the computation pipelines when performing one of the operations in the sequence defined by the selected micro-program. 4. The graphics processing unit according to claim 2, wherein the scratchpad registers are further arranged to store an output value and wherein one of the computation pipelines comprises a bypass path that bypasses the hardware logic component within it. 5. The graphics processing unit according to claim 2, wherein the control block outputs, for each intermediate value generated by one of the computation pipelines, a destination for the intermediate result. 6. The graphics processing unit according to claim 6, wherein the destination for an intermediate result is a location in the scratchpad registers. 7. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein each sequencer is arranged, when executing a selected micro-program, to send a sequence of requests for access to one of the pipelines in the datapath block to the arbiter, each request corresponding to an operation in the sequence defined by the selected micro-program, and wherein the hardware logic in the arbiter is arranged to control access to the computation pipelines by applying the prioritization rules to the requests received from the sequencers. 8. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein the prioritization rules prioritize access for operations involving a new input value. 9. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein the control block further comprises a main controller unit arranged to indicate when sequencers can start executing a micro-program and to control an order in which outputs are output, via an output, from the computation unit. 10. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein any state transitions in a micro-program are controlled based on the control inputs and not on the input values. 11. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein the datapath block comprises a plurality of parallel computation pipelines. 12. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein all of the sequencers in the control block are identical. 13. The graphics processing unit according to claim 1, wherein the input values comprise a plurality of interleaved input values from different streams accessed from memory at the same time. 14. A method of evaluating a plurality of SOPs within a GPU, the GPU comprising a computation unit and the computation unit comprising a datapath block comprising one or more computation pipelines and a control block comprising a plurality of sequencers and an arbiter, the method comprising:
selecting, in each sequencer, a micro-program based on one or more control inputs, wherein the micro-program defines a sequence of operations to be performed by the pipelines in the datapath block as part of a SOP computation and different micro-programs implement different SOPs; executing, in each sequencer, the selected micro-program and sending a sequence of requests for access to one of the pipelines in the datapath block to the arbiter, each request corresponding to an operation in the sequence defined by the selected micro-program; and allocating, in the arbiter, the pipelines in the datapath block to one of the sequencers based on the requests received and prioritization rules. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
generating, in a pipeline, an output value as part of a SOP computation. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein generating an output value as part of a SOP computation comprises:
generating, from each operation in the sequence of operations defined by a micro-program apart from a final operation in the sequence, an intermediate value; generating, from the final operation in the sequence, an output value; and storing, in scratchpad registers in the datapath block, the intermediate values. 17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
in response to being unable to output an output value, storing the output value. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
sending, by a sequencer when executing a selected micro-program, a sequence of requests for access to one of the pipelines in the datapath block to the arbiter, each request corresponding to an operation in the sequence defined by the selected micro-program; and controlling access to the computation pipelines by applying the prioritization rules to the requests received from the sequencers. 19. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
indicating, by a main controller unit in the control block when sequencers can start executing a micro-program; and controlling an order in which outputs are output from the computation unit. 20. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon an integrated circuit definition dataset that, when processed in an integrated circuit manufacturing system, configures the integrated circuit manufacturing system to manufacture a graphics processing unit, the graphics processing unit comprising a computation unit implemented in hardware logic, the computation unit comprising:
a plurality of inputs arranged to receive one or more input values each clock cycle and a plurality of SOP coefficients, the plurality of SOP coefficients comprising coefficients relating to a plurality of different SOPs; a datapath block comprising one or more computation pipelines, each containing at least one hardware logic component configured to receive a plurality of inputs and generate an output value as part of a SOP operation; and a control block comprising a plurality of sequencers and an arbiter, | 2,800 |
339,354 | 16,800,224 | 2,827 | A storage system comprises a disk array enclosure comprising an enclosure controller, a cache comprising a metadata journal, a plurality of data storage devices and a plurality of metadata storage devices. The enclosure controller is configured to write a stripe metadata page to the metadata storage devices that corresponds to a stripe of data stored on the data storage devices and to determine that the write of the stripe metadata page failed for a first metadata storage device. The enclosure controller is configured to add an entry to the metadata journal based on the determination that the write failed. The entry comprises an indication of the first metadata storage device and the stripe of data. The enclosure controller is configured to set an indication in a data structure associated with the disk array enclosure that the stripe metadata page has not been written to the first metadata storage device. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a storage system comprising a disk array enclosure, the disk array enclosure comprising:
at least one enclosure controller comprising at least one processing device coupled to memory;
a cache comprising a metadata journal;
a plurality of data storage devices in communication with the at least one enclosure controller; and
a plurality of metadata storage devices in communication with the at least one enclosure controller, each metadata storage device being configured to store metadata corresponding to data stored on the plurality of storage devices;
wherein the at least one enclosure controller is configured:
to write a stripe metadata page to the metadata storage devices, the stripe metadata page corresponding to a stripe of data stored on the plurality of data storage devices of the disk array enclosure;
to determine that the write of the stripe metadata page failed for a first metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices;
to add an entry to the metadata journal based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page failed, the entry comprising an indication of the first metadata storage device and an indication of the stripe of data; and
to set an indication in a data structure associated with the disk array enclosure that the stripe metadata page for the stripe of data has not been written to the first metadata storage device. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to determine that the write of the stripe metadata page succeeded for a second metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices;
to determine that the metadata journal comprises a second entry corresponding to the second metadata storage device, the second entry comprising an indication of the second metadata storage device and an indication of the stripe of data; and
to invalidate the second entry in the metadata journal based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page succeeded for the second metadata storage device. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the memory comprises a dirty data structure associated with the first metadata storage device, the at least one enclosure controller being further configured to add an entry to the dirty data structure based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page failed for the first metadata storage device, the entry added to the dirty data structure comprising a logical identifier corresponding to at least a portion of the stripe of data. 4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to receive a read operation comprising the logical identifier;
to determine that the dirty data structure associated with the first metadata storage device comprises the logical identifier; and
to attempt to obtain the stripe metadata page from another of the plurality of metadata storage devices based at least in part on the determination that the dirty data structure associated with the first metadata storage device comprises the logical identifier. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein:
the memory comprises a plurality of dirty data structures each associated with a corresponding metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices;
the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to maintain a copy of the stripe metadata page on the plurality of data storage devices;
to determine that each of the dirty data structures comprises the logical identifier; and
to obtain the stripe metadata page from the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the determination that the each of the dirty data structures comprises the logical identifier. 6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to determine that the attempt to obtain the stripe metadata page from the another of the plurality of metadata storage devices was successful; and
to copy the stripe metadata page to the first metadata storage device based at least in part on the determination that the attempt to obtain the stripe metadata page was successful. 7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stripe metadata page is a first stripe metadata page and wherein the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to set the first metadata storage device to a hiccup state based at least in part on the determination that the write of the first stripe metadata page failed for the first metadata storage device; and
to add a second entry to the metadata journal for an attempted write of a second stripe metadata page to the first metadata storage device based at least in part on the first metadata storage device being in the hiccup state. 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein in response to an attempted read of the second stripe metadata page from the first metadata storage device while the first metadata storage device is in the hiccup state, the at least one enclosure controller is further configured to read the second stripe metadata page from another of the metadata storage devices. 9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to determine that a threshold criterion is met by the first metadata storage device;
to set the first metadata storage device to a healthy state based at least in part on the determination that the threshold criterion is met by the first metadata storage device; and
to resynchronize the first metadata storage device based at least in part on the determination that the threshold criterion is met by the first metadata storage device. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein resynchronizing the first metadata storage device comprises:
for each entry corresponding to the first metadata storage device in the metadata journal:
reading a valid copy of the corresponding stripe metadata page from another of the metadata storage devices;
writing the valid copy of the corresponding stripe metadata page to the first metadata storage device; and
invalidating the entry in the metadata journal. 11. A method comprising:
writing a stripe metadata page to a plurality of metadata storage devices of a disk array enclosure, the stripe metadata page corresponding to a stripe of data stored on a plurality of data storage devices of the disk array enclosure; determining that the write of the stripe metadata page failed for a first metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices; adding an entry to a metadata journal stored in a cache of the disk array enclosure based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page failed, the entry comprising an indication of the first metadata storage device and an indication of the stripe of data; and setting an indication in a data structure associated with the disk array enclosure that the stripe metadata page for the stripe of data has not been written to the first metadata storage device; wherein the method is implemented by at least one enclosure controller of the disk array enclosure. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the method further comprises:
determining that the write of the stripe metadata page succeeded for a second metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices;
determining that the metadata journal comprises a second entry corresponding to the second metadata storage device, the second entry comprising an indication of the second metadata storage device and an indication of the stripe of data; and
invalidating the second entry in the metadata journal based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page succeeded for the second metadata storage device. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the at least one enclosure controller comprises at least one processing device coupled to memory, the memory comprising a dirty data structure associated with the first metadata storage device, the method further comprising adding an entry to the dirty data structure based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page failed for the first metadata storage device, the entry added to the dirty data structure comprising a logical identifier corresponding to at least a portion of the stripe of data. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the method further comprises:
receiving a read operation comprising the logical identifier;
determining that the dirty data structure associated with the first metadata storage device comprises the logical identifier; and
attempting to obtain the stripe metadata page from another of the plurality of metadata storage devices based at least in part on the determination that the dirty data structure associated with the first metadata storage device comprises the logical identifier. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein:
the memory comprises a plurality of dirty data structures each associated with a corresponding metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices;
the method further comprises:
maintaining a copy of the stripe metadata page on the plurality of data storage devices;
determining that each of the dirty data structures comprises the logical identifier; and
obtaining the stripe metadata page from the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the determination that the each of the dirty data structures comprises the logical identifier. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein the method further comprises:
determining that the attempt to obtain the stripe metadata page from the another of the plurality of metadata storage devices was successful; and
copying the stripe metadata page to the first metadata storage device based at least in part on the determination that the attempt to obtain the stripe metadata page was successful. 17. The method of claim 11 wherein the stripe metadata page is a first stripe metadata page and wherein the method further comprises:
setting the first metadata storage device to a hiccup state based at least in part on the determination that the write of the first stripe metadata page failed for the first metadata storage device; and
adding a second entry to the metadata journal for an attempted write of a second stripe metadata page to the first metadata storage device based at least in part on the first metadata storage device being in the hiccup state. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein in response to an attempted read of the second stripe metadata page from the first metadata storage device while the first metadata storage device is in the hiccup state, the method further comprises reading the second stripe metadata page from another of the metadata storage devices. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the method further comprises:
determining that a threshold criterion is met by the first metadata storage device;
setting the first metadata storage device to a healthy state based at least in part on the determination that the threshold criterion is met by the first metadata storage device; and
resynchronizing the first metadata storage device based at least in part on the determination that the threshold criterion is met by the first metadata storage device, the resynchronizing comprising:
for each entry corresponding to the first metadata storage device in the metadata journal:
reading a valid copy of the corresponding stripe metadata page from another of the metadata storage devices;
writing the valid copy of the corresponding stripe metadata page to the first metadata storage device; and
invalidating the entry in the metadata journal. 20. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium having stored therein program code of one or more software programs, the program code when executed by at least one enclosure controller of a disk array enclosure of a storage system, causes the at least one enclosure controller:
to write a stripe metadata page to a plurality of metadata storage devices of the disk array enclosure, the stripe metadata page corresponding to a stripe of data stored on a plurality of data storage devices of the disk array enclosure; to determine that the write of the stripe metadata page failed for a first metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices; to add an entry to a metadata journal stored in a cache of the disk array enclosure based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page failed, the entry comprising an indication of the metadata storage device and an indication of the stripe of data; and to set an indication in a data structure associated with the disk array enclosure that the stripe metadata page for the stripe of data has not been written to the first metadata storage device. | A storage system comprises a disk array enclosure comprising an enclosure controller, a cache comprising a metadata journal, a plurality of data storage devices and a plurality of metadata storage devices. The enclosure controller is configured to write a stripe metadata page to the metadata storage devices that corresponds to a stripe of data stored on the data storage devices and to determine that the write of the stripe metadata page failed for a first metadata storage device. The enclosure controller is configured to add an entry to the metadata journal based on the determination that the write failed. The entry comprises an indication of the first metadata storage device and the stripe of data. The enclosure controller is configured to set an indication in a data structure associated with the disk array enclosure that the stripe metadata page has not been written to the first metadata storage device.1. An apparatus comprising:
a storage system comprising a disk array enclosure, the disk array enclosure comprising:
at least one enclosure controller comprising at least one processing device coupled to memory;
a cache comprising a metadata journal;
a plurality of data storage devices in communication with the at least one enclosure controller; and
a plurality of metadata storage devices in communication with the at least one enclosure controller, each metadata storage device being configured to store metadata corresponding to data stored on the plurality of storage devices;
wherein the at least one enclosure controller is configured:
to write a stripe metadata page to the metadata storage devices, the stripe metadata page corresponding to a stripe of data stored on the plurality of data storage devices of the disk array enclosure;
to determine that the write of the stripe metadata page failed for a first metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices;
to add an entry to the metadata journal based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page failed, the entry comprising an indication of the first metadata storage device and an indication of the stripe of data; and
to set an indication in a data structure associated with the disk array enclosure that the stripe metadata page for the stripe of data has not been written to the first metadata storage device. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to determine that the write of the stripe metadata page succeeded for a second metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices;
to determine that the metadata journal comprises a second entry corresponding to the second metadata storage device, the second entry comprising an indication of the second metadata storage device and an indication of the stripe of data; and
to invalidate the second entry in the metadata journal based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page succeeded for the second metadata storage device. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the memory comprises a dirty data structure associated with the first metadata storage device, the at least one enclosure controller being further configured to add an entry to the dirty data structure based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page failed for the first metadata storage device, the entry added to the dirty data structure comprising a logical identifier corresponding to at least a portion of the stripe of data. 4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to receive a read operation comprising the logical identifier;
to determine that the dirty data structure associated with the first metadata storage device comprises the logical identifier; and
to attempt to obtain the stripe metadata page from another of the plurality of metadata storage devices based at least in part on the determination that the dirty data structure associated with the first metadata storage device comprises the logical identifier. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein:
the memory comprises a plurality of dirty data structures each associated with a corresponding metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices;
the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to maintain a copy of the stripe metadata page on the plurality of data storage devices;
to determine that each of the dirty data structures comprises the logical identifier; and
to obtain the stripe metadata page from the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the determination that the each of the dirty data structures comprises the logical identifier. 6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to determine that the attempt to obtain the stripe metadata page from the another of the plurality of metadata storage devices was successful; and
to copy the stripe metadata page to the first metadata storage device based at least in part on the determination that the attempt to obtain the stripe metadata page was successful. 7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stripe metadata page is a first stripe metadata page and wherein the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to set the first metadata storage device to a hiccup state based at least in part on the determination that the write of the first stripe metadata page failed for the first metadata storage device; and
to add a second entry to the metadata journal for an attempted write of a second stripe metadata page to the first metadata storage device based at least in part on the first metadata storage device being in the hiccup state. 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein in response to an attempted read of the second stripe metadata page from the first metadata storage device while the first metadata storage device is in the hiccup state, the at least one enclosure controller is further configured to read the second stripe metadata page from another of the metadata storage devices. 9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to determine that a threshold criterion is met by the first metadata storage device;
to set the first metadata storage device to a healthy state based at least in part on the determination that the threshold criterion is met by the first metadata storage device; and
to resynchronize the first metadata storage device based at least in part on the determination that the threshold criterion is met by the first metadata storage device. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein resynchronizing the first metadata storage device comprises:
for each entry corresponding to the first metadata storage device in the metadata journal:
reading a valid copy of the corresponding stripe metadata page from another of the metadata storage devices;
writing the valid copy of the corresponding stripe metadata page to the first metadata storage device; and
invalidating the entry in the metadata journal. 11. A method comprising:
writing a stripe metadata page to a plurality of metadata storage devices of a disk array enclosure, the stripe metadata page corresponding to a stripe of data stored on a plurality of data storage devices of the disk array enclosure; determining that the write of the stripe metadata page failed for a first metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices; adding an entry to a metadata journal stored in a cache of the disk array enclosure based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page failed, the entry comprising an indication of the first metadata storage device and an indication of the stripe of data; and setting an indication in a data structure associated with the disk array enclosure that the stripe metadata page for the stripe of data has not been written to the first metadata storage device; wherein the method is implemented by at least one enclosure controller of the disk array enclosure. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the method further comprises:
determining that the write of the stripe metadata page succeeded for a second metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices;
determining that the metadata journal comprises a second entry corresponding to the second metadata storage device, the second entry comprising an indication of the second metadata storage device and an indication of the stripe of data; and
invalidating the second entry in the metadata journal based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page succeeded for the second metadata storage device. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the at least one enclosure controller comprises at least one processing device coupled to memory, the memory comprising a dirty data structure associated with the first metadata storage device, the method further comprising adding an entry to the dirty data structure based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page failed for the first metadata storage device, the entry added to the dirty data structure comprising a logical identifier corresponding to at least a portion of the stripe of data. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the method further comprises:
receiving a read operation comprising the logical identifier;
determining that the dirty data structure associated with the first metadata storage device comprises the logical identifier; and
attempting to obtain the stripe metadata page from another of the plurality of metadata storage devices based at least in part on the determination that the dirty data structure associated with the first metadata storage device comprises the logical identifier. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein:
the memory comprises a plurality of dirty data structures each associated with a corresponding metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices;
the method further comprises:
maintaining a copy of the stripe metadata page on the plurality of data storage devices;
determining that each of the dirty data structures comprises the logical identifier; and
obtaining the stripe metadata page from the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the determination that the each of the dirty data structures comprises the logical identifier. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein the method further comprises:
determining that the attempt to obtain the stripe metadata page from the another of the plurality of metadata storage devices was successful; and
copying the stripe metadata page to the first metadata storage device based at least in part on the determination that the attempt to obtain the stripe metadata page was successful. 17. The method of claim 11 wherein the stripe metadata page is a first stripe metadata page and wherein the method further comprises:
setting the first metadata storage device to a hiccup state based at least in part on the determination that the write of the first stripe metadata page failed for the first metadata storage device; and
adding a second entry to the metadata journal for an attempted write of a second stripe metadata page to the first metadata storage device based at least in part on the first metadata storage device being in the hiccup state. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein in response to an attempted read of the second stripe metadata page from the first metadata storage device while the first metadata storage device is in the hiccup state, the method further comprises reading the second stripe metadata page from another of the metadata storage devices. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the method further comprises:
determining that a threshold criterion is met by the first metadata storage device;
setting the first metadata storage device to a healthy state based at least in part on the determination that the threshold criterion is met by the first metadata storage device; and
resynchronizing the first metadata storage device based at least in part on the determination that the threshold criterion is met by the first metadata storage device, the resynchronizing comprising:
for each entry corresponding to the first metadata storage device in the metadata journal:
reading a valid copy of the corresponding stripe metadata page from another of the metadata storage devices;
writing the valid copy of the corresponding stripe metadata page to the first metadata storage device; and
invalidating the entry in the metadata journal. 20. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium having stored therein program code of one or more software programs, the program code when executed by at least one enclosure controller of a disk array enclosure of a storage system, causes the at least one enclosure controller:
to write a stripe metadata page to a plurality of metadata storage devices of the disk array enclosure, the stripe metadata page corresponding to a stripe of data stored on a plurality of data storage devices of the disk array enclosure; to determine that the write of the stripe metadata page failed for a first metadata storage device of the plurality of metadata storage devices; to add an entry to a metadata journal stored in a cache of the disk array enclosure based at least in part on the determination that the write of the stripe metadata page failed, the entry comprising an indication of the metadata storage device and an indication of the stripe of data; and to set an indication in a data structure associated with the disk array enclosure that the stripe metadata page for the stripe of data has not been written to the first metadata storage device. | 2,800 |
339,355 | 16,800,253 | 2,827 | A storage system comprises a disk array enclosure comprising at least one enclosure controller, a plurality of data storage devices and at least one metadata storage device. The enclosure controller is configured to receive a write operation comprising data to be stored on at least one of the plurality of data storage devices and to determine a logical identifier for the data. The enclosure controller is further configured to determine a physical location on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices for storing the data and to store the data at the physical location. The enclosure controller is further configured to update metadata stored on the at least one metadata storage device based at least in part on the physical location and the logical identifier and to return the logical identifier as a response to the received write operation. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a storage system comprising a disk array enclosure, the disk array enclosure comprising:
at least one enclosure controller comprising at least one processing device coupled to memory;
a plurality of data storage devices in communication with the at least one enclosure controller, the data storage devices being configured to store data in a plurality of stripes, at least a portion of each stripe being stored on each of the data storage devices, the plurality of stripes being grouped into respective stripe ranges; and
at least one metadata storage device in communication with the at least one enclosure controller, the at least one metadata storage device storing metadata comprising a plurality of stripe range metadata pages each corresponding to a respective stripe range and a plurality of stripe metadata pages each corresponding to a respective stripe of the plurality of stripes, the stripe range metadata pages being different than the stripe metadata pages;
wherein the at least one enclosure controller is configured:
to receive a write operation comprising data to be stored on at least one of the plurality of data storage devices of the disk array enclosure;
to determine a logical identifier for the data based at least in part on the received write operation;
to determine a physical location on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the logical identifier;
to store the data on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices at the physical location;
to update the metadata stored on the at least one metadata storage device based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location; and
to return the logical identifier as a response to the received write operation. 2. (canceled) 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein updating the metadata stored on the at least one metadata storage device based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location comprises:
updating the stripe metadata page corresponding to the stripe comprising the physical location based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location; and
updating the stripe range metadata page corresponding to the updated stripe metadata page based at least in part on the updated stripe metadata page. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to receive a read operation comprising the logical identifier corresponding to the data stored on the plurality of data storage devices;
to identify, based at least in part on the logical identifier, a given stripe range metadata page of the plurality of stripe range metadata pages stored in the at least one metadata storage device;
to identify, based at least in part on the logical identifier and the given stripe range metadata page, a given stripe metadata page of the plurality of stripe metadata pages stored in the at least one metadata storage device;
to determine the physical location of the data on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the given stripe metadata page;
to obtain the data from the determined physical location; and
to return the obtained data as a response to the received read operation. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the storage system further comprises a storage controller in communication with the disk array enclosure and wherein the write operation is submitted to the at least one enclosure controller by the storage controller and the logical identifier is returned to the storage controller as a response to the submitted write operation. 6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the storage controller is configured to submit one or more operations to the at least one enclosure controller of the disk array enclosure, the one or more operations comprising one or more of a read operation, a write operation, a reference count increment operation, a reference count decrement operation and a fused operation. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein:
the fused operation comprises a plurality of operations, each operation in the fused operation comprising one of a read operation, a write operation, a reference count increment operation and a reference count decrement operation; and
responsive to a failure of one or more of the operations included in the fused operation, the at least one enclosure controller is configured to return an indication of a failure of the fused operation to the storage controller. 8. A method comprising:
receiving a write operation comprising data to be stored on at least one of a plurality of data storage devices of a disk array enclosure of a storage system by an enclosure controller of the disk array enclosure, the data storage devices being configured to store data in a plurality of stripes, at least a portion of each stripe being stored on each of the data storage devices, the plurality of stripes being grouped into respective stripe ranges; determining a logical identifier for the data based at least in part on the received write operation; determining a physical location on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the logical identifier; storing the data on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices at the physical location; updating metadata stored on at least one metadata storage device of the disk array enclosure based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location, the metadata comprising a plurality of stripe range metadata pages each corresponding to a respective stripe range and a plurality of stripe metadata pages each corresponding to a respective stripe of the plurality of stripes, the stripe range metadata pages being different than the stripe metadata pages; and returning the logical identifier as a response to the received write operation; wherein the method is implemented by the enclosure controller of the disk array enclosure. 9. (canceled) 10. The method of claim 8 wherein updating the metadata stored on the at least one metadata storage device of the disk array enclosure based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location comprises:
updating the stripe metadata page corresponding to the stripe comprising the physical location based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location; and
updating the stripe range metadata page corresponding to the updated stripe metadata page based at least in part on the updated stripe metadata page. 11. The method of claim 8 wherein the method further comprises:
receiving a read operation comprising the logical identifier corresponding to the data stored on the plurality of data storage devices;
identifying, based at least in part on the logical identifier, a given stripe range metadata page of the plurality of stripe range metadata pages stored in the at least one metadata storage device;
identifying, based at least in part on the logical identifier and the given stripe range metadata page, a given stripe metadata page of the plurality of stripe metadata pages stored in the at least one metadata storage device;
determining the physical location of the data on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the given stripe metadata page;
obtaining the data from the determined physical location; and
returning the obtained data as a response to the received read operation. 12. The method of claim 8 wherein the write operation is submitted to the at least one enclosure controller by a storage controller of the storage system that is in communication with the disk array enclosure and the logical identifier is returned to the storage controller as a response to the submitted write operation. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the storage controller is configured to submit one or more operations to the at least one enclosure controller of the disk array enclosure, the one or more operations comprising one or more of a read operation, a write operation, a reference count increment operation, a reference count decrement operation and a fused operation. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein:
the fused operation comprises a plurality of operations, each operation in the fused operation comprising one of a read operation, a write operation, a reference count increment operation and a reference count decrement operation; and
responsive to a failure of one or more of the operations included in the fused operation, the at least one enclosure controller is configured to return an indication of a failure of the fused operation to the storage controller. 15. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium having stored therein program code of one or more software programs, the program code when executed by at least one enclosure controller of a disk array enclosure of a storage system, causes the at least one enclosure controller:
to receive a write operation comprising data to be stored on at least one of a plurality of data storage devices of the disk array enclosure, the data storage devices being configured to store data in a plurality of stripes, at least a portion of each stripe being stored on each of the data storage devices, the plurality of stripes being grouped into respective stripe ranges; to determine a logical identifier for the data based at least in part on the received write operation; to determine a physical location on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the logical identifier; to store the data on the plurality of data storage devices at the physical location; to update metadata stored on at least one metadata storage device of the disk array enclosure based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location, the metadata comprising a plurality of stripe range metadata pages each corresponding to a respective stripe range and a plurality of stripe metadata pages each corresponding to a respective stripe of the plurality of stripes, the stripe range metadata pages being different than the stripe metadata pages; and to return the logical identifier as a response to the received write operation. 16. (canceled) 17. The computer program product of claim 15 wherein updating the metadata stored on the at least one metadata storage device of the disk array enclosure based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location comprises:
updating the stripe metadata page corresponding to the stripe comprising the physical location based at least in part on the storage of the data at the given physical location; and
updating the stripe range metadata page corresponding to the updated stripe metadata page based at least in part on the updated stripe metadata page. 18. The computer program product of claim 15 wherein the program code further causes the at least one enclosure controller:
to receive a read operation comprising the logical identifier corresponding to the data stored on the plurality of data storage devices;
to identify, based at least in part on the logical identifier, a given stripe range metadata page of the plurality of stripe range metadata pages stored in the at least one metadata storage device;
to identify, based at least in part on the logical identifier and the given stripe range metadata page, a given stripe metadata page of the plurality of stripe metadata pages stored in the at least one metadata storage device;
to determine the physical location of the data on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the given stripe metadata page;
to obtain the data from the determined physical location; and
to return the obtained data as a response to the received read operation. 19. The computer program product of claim 15 wherein the write operation is submitted to the at least one enclosure controller by a storage controller of the storage system that is in communication with the disk array enclosure and the logical identifier is returned to the storage controller as a response to the submitted write operation, the storage controller being configured to submit one or more operations to the at least one enclosure controller of the disk array enclosure, the one or more operations comprising one or more of a read operation, a write operation, a reference count increment operation, a reference count decrement operation and a fused operation. 20. The computer program product of claim 19 wherein:
the fused operation comprises a plurality of operations, each operation in the fused operation comprising one of a read operation, a write operation, a reference count increment operation and a reference count decrement operation; and
responsive to a failure of one or more of the operations included in the fused operation, the program code further causes the at least one enclosure controller to return an indication of a failure of the fused operation to the storage controller. 21. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each stripe range comprises multiple stripes of the plurality of stripes. 22. The method of claim 8 wherein each stripe range comprises multiple stripes of the plurality of stripes. 23. The computer program product of claim 15 wherein each stripe range comprises multiple stripes of the plurality of stripes. | A storage system comprises a disk array enclosure comprising at least one enclosure controller, a plurality of data storage devices and at least one metadata storage device. The enclosure controller is configured to receive a write operation comprising data to be stored on at least one of the plurality of data storage devices and to determine a logical identifier for the data. The enclosure controller is further configured to determine a physical location on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices for storing the data and to store the data at the physical location. The enclosure controller is further configured to update metadata stored on the at least one metadata storage device based at least in part on the physical location and the logical identifier and to return the logical identifier as a response to the received write operation.1. An apparatus comprising:
a storage system comprising a disk array enclosure, the disk array enclosure comprising:
at least one enclosure controller comprising at least one processing device coupled to memory;
a plurality of data storage devices in communication with the at least one enclosure controller, the data storage devices being configured to store data in a plurality of stripes, at least a portion of each stripe being stored on each of the data storage devices, the plurality of stripes being grouped into respective stripe ranges; and
at least one metadata storage device in communication with the at least one enclosure controller, the at least one metadata storage device storing metadata comprising a plurality of stripe range metadata pages each corresponding to a respective stripe range and a plurality of stripe metadata pages each corresponding to a respective stripe of the plurality of stripes, the stripe range metadata pages being different than the stripe metadata pages;
wherein the at least one enclosure controller is configured:
to receive a write operation comprising data to be stored on at least one of the plurality of data storage devices of the disk array enclosure;
to determine a logical identifier for the data based at least in part on the received write operation;
to determine a physical location on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the logical identifier;
to store the data on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices at the physical location;
to update the metadata stored on the at least one metadata storage device based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location; and
to return the logical identifier as a response to the received write operation. 2. (canceled) 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein updating the metadata stored on the at least one metadata storage device based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location comprises:
updating the stripe metadata page corresponding to the stripe comprising the physical location based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location; and
updating the stripe range metadata page corresponding to the updated stripe metadata page based at least in part on the updated stripe metadata page. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one enclosure controller is further configured:
to receive a read operation comprising the logical identifier corresponding to the data stored on the plurality of data storage devices;
to identify, based at least in part on the logical identifier, a given stripe range metadata page of the plurality of stripe range metadata pages stored in the at least one metadata storage device;
to identify, based at least in part on the logical identifier and the given stripe range metadata page, a given stripe metadata page of the plurality of stripe metadata pages stored in the at least one metadata storage device;
to determine the physical location of the data on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the given stripe metadata page;
to obtain the data from the determined physical location; and
to return the obtained data as a response to the received read operation. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the storage system further comprises a storage controller in communication with the disk array enclosure and wherein the write operation is submitted to the at least one enclosure controller by the storage controller and the logical identifier is returned to the storage controller as a response to the submitted write operation. 6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the storage controller is configured to submit one or more operations to the at least one enclosure controller of the disk array enclosure, the one or more operations comprising one or more of a read operation, a write operation, a reference count increment operation, a reference count decrement operation and a fused operation. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein:
the fused operation comprises a plurality of operations, each operation in the fused operation comprising one of a read operation, a write operation, a reference count increment operation and a reference count decrement operation; and
responsive to a failure of one or more of the operations included in the fused operation, the at least one enclosure controller is configured to return an indication of a failure of the fused operation to the storage controller. 8. A method comprising:
receiving a write operation comprising data to be stored on at least one of a plurality of data storage devices of a disk array enclosure of a storage system by an enclosure controller of the disk array enclosure, the data storage devices being configured to store data in a plurality of stripes, at least a portion of each stripe being stored on each of the data storage devices, the plurality of stripes being grouped into respective stripe ranges; determining a logical identifier for the data based at least in part on the received write operation; determining a physical location on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the logical identifier; storing the data on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices at the physical location; updating metadata stored on at least one metadata storage device of the disk array enclosure based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location, the metadata comprising a plurality of stripe range metadata pages each corresponding to a respective stripe range and a plurality of stripe metadata pages each corresponding to a respective stripe of the plurality of stripes, the stripe range metadata pages being different than the stripe metadata pages; and returning the logical identifier as a response to the received write operation; wherein the method is implemented by the enclosure controller of the disk array enclosure. 9. (canceled) 10. The method of claim 8 wherein updating the metadata stored on the at least one metadata storage device of the disk array enclosure based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location comprises:
updating the stripe metadata page corresponding to the stripe comprising the physical location based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location; and
updating the stripe range metadata page corresponding to the updated stripe metadata page based at least in part on the updated stripe metadata page. 11. The method of claim 8 wherein the method further comprises:
receiving a read operation comprising the logical identifier corresponding to the data stored on the plurality of data storage devices;
identifying, based at least in part on the logical identifier, a given stripe range metadata page of the plurality of stripe range metadata pages stored in the at least one metadata storage device;
identifying, based at least in part on the logical identifier and the given stripe range metadata page, a given stripe metadata page of the plurality of stripe metadata pages stored in the at least one metadata storage device;
determining the physical location of the data on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the given stripe metadata page;
obtaining the data from the determined physical location; and
returning the obtained data as a response to the received read operation. 12. The method of claim 8 wherein the write operation is submitted to the at least one enclosure controller by a storage controller of the storage system that is in communication with the disk array enclosure and the logical identifier is returned to the storage controller as a response to the submitted write operation. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the storage controller is configured to submit one or more operations to the at least one enclosure controller of the disk array enclosure, the one or more operations comprising one or more of a read operation, a write operation, a reference count increment operation, a reference count decrement operation and a fused operation. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein:
the fused operation comprises a plurality of operations, each operation in the fused operation comprising one of a read operation, a write operation, a reference count increment operation and a reference count decrement operation; and
responsive to a failure of one or more of the operations included in the fused operation, the at least one enclosure controller is configured to return an indication of a failure of the fused operation to the storage controller. 15. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium having stored therein program code of one or more software programs, the program code when executed by at least one enclosure controller of a disk array enclosure of a storage system, causes the at least one enclosure controller:
to receive a write operation comprising data to be stored on at least one of a plurality of data storage devices of the disk array enclosure, the data storage devices being configured to store data in a plurality of stripes, at least a portion of each stripe being stored on each of the data storage devices, the plurality of stripes being grouped into respective stripe ranges; to determine a logical identifier for the data based at least in part on the received write operation; to determine a physical location on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the logical identifier; to store the data on the plurality of data storage devices at the physical location; to update metadata stored on at least one metadata storage device of the disk array enclosure based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location, the metadata comprising a plurality of stripe range metadata pages each corresponding to a respective stripe range and a plurality of stripe metadata pages each corresponding to a respective stripe of the plurality of stripes, the stripe range metadata pages being different than the stripe metadata pages; and to return the logical identifier as a response to the received write operation. 16. (canceled) 17. The computer program product of claim 15 wherein updating the metadata stored on the at least one metadata storage device of the disk array enclosure based at least in part on the storage of the data at the physical location comprises:
updating the stripe metadata page corresponding to the stripe comprising the physical location based at least in part on the storage of the data at the given physical location; and
updating the stripe range metadata page corresponding to the updated stripe metadata page based at least in part on the updated stripe metadata page. 18. The computer program product of claim 15 wherein the program code further causes the at least one enclosure controller:
to receive a read operation comprising the logical identifier corresponding to the data stored on the plurality of data storage devices;
to identify, based at least in part on the logical identifier, a given stripe range metadata page of the plurality of stripe range metadata pages stored in the at least one metadata storage device;
to identify, based at least in part on the logical identifier and the given stripe range metadata page, a given stripe metadata page of the plurality of stripe metadata pages stored in the at least one metadata storage device;
to determine the physical location of the data on the at least one of the plurality of data storage devices based at least in part on the given stripe metadata page;
to obtain the data from the determined physical location; and
to return the obtained data as a response to the received read operation. 19. The computer program product of claim 15 wherein the write operation is submitted to the at least one enclosure controller by a storage controller of the storage system that is in communication with the disk array enclosure and the logical identifier is returned to the storage controller as a response to the submitted write operation, the storage controller being configured to submit one or more operations to the at least one enclosure controller of the disk array enclosure, the one or more operations comprising one or more of a read operation, a write operation, a reference count increment operation, a reference count decrement operation and a fused operation. 20. The computer program product of claim 19 wherein:
the fused operation comprises a plurality of operations, each operation in the fused operation comprising one of a read operation, a write operation, a reference count increment operation and a reference count decrement operation; and
responsive to a failure of one or more of the operations included in the fused operation, the program code further causes the at least one enclosure controller to return an indication of a failure of the fused operation to the storage controller. 21. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each stripe range comprises multiple stripes of the plurality of stripes. 22. The method of claim 8 wherein each stripe range comprises multiple stripes of the plurality of stripes. 23. The computer program product of claim 15 wherein each stripe range comprises multiple stripes of the plurality of stripes. | 2,800 |
339,356 | 16,800,276 | 2,896 | A power converter includes a primary circuit and a secondary circuit. The primary circuit includes two primary LC circuits that are in parallel electrically with each other. A first node of each primary LC circuit is electrically coupled to a high-voltage input. A second node of each primary LC circuit is coupled to a respective terminal of a primary inductor that forms a transformer with a secondary inductor in the secondary circuit. Each primary LC circuit is electrically coupled to a primary switch that operates at approximately the resonance frequency of the primary LC circuits to output an alternating current that passes through the primary inductor. The terminals of the secondary inductor are coupled to respective secondary switches. The switches operate at the resonance frequency of the primary LC circuit to rectify the power. A low-pass filter outputs the mean of the received voltage. | 1. A power converter comprising:
a primary circuit comprising:
a common node electrically coupled to a high-voltage source;
a first primary LC circuit electrically coupled to the common node and to a first primary node;
a second primary LC circuit electrically coupled to the common node and to a second primary node, the second primary LC circuit in parallel electrically with the first primary LC circuit, the first and second primary LC circuits having the same or about the same primary LC resonance frequency;
a primary inductor having a first terminal electrically coupled to the first primary node and a second terminal electrically coupled to the second primary node;
a first primary circuit switch electrically coupled to the first primary node, the first primary circuit switch having a closed state where the first primary switch is electrically coupled to the first primary node and to ground, the first primary circuit switch having an open state where the first primary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the first primary node; and
a second primary circuit switch electrically coupled to the second primary node, the second primary circuit switch having a closed state where the second primary switch is electrically coupled to the second primary node and to ground, the second primary circuit switch having an open state where the second primary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the second primary node;
a secondary circuit in electrical communication with the primary circuit, the secondary circuit comprising:
a secondary inductor electromagnetically coupled to the primary inductor to form a transformer;
a first secondary circuit switch electrically coupled to a first secondary inductor node, the first secondary node electrically coupled to a first terminal of the secondary inductor, the first secondary circuit switch having a closed state where the first secondary switch is electrically coupled to the first secondary node and to ground, the first secondary circuit switch having an open state where the first secondary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the first secondary node;
a second secondary circuit switch electrically coupled to a second secondary inductor node, the second secondary node electrically coupled to a second terminal of the secondary inductor, the second secondary circuit switch having a closed state where the second secondary switch is electrically coupled to the second secondary node and to ground, the second secondary circuit switch having an open state where the second secondary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the second secondary node;
a low-pass filter electrically coupled to the first and second secondary nodes;
a low-voltage output node electrically coupled to an output of the low-pass filter; and
a controller in electrical communication with the first and second primary circuit switches and with the first and second secondary circuit switches, the controller configured to:
operate the first and second primary circuit switches at about the primary LC resonance frequency; and 2. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the controller includes a frequency-locked loop circuit that is locked to the primary LC resonance frequency. 3. (canceled) 4. The power converter of claim 1, wherein:
the first low-pass filter comprises a first LP inductor and a common output capacitor, and the second low-pass filter comprises a second LP inductor and the common output capacitor. 5. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the first and second low-pass filters output a mean of a voltage at the first and second secondary nodes, respectively. 6. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the first and second primary LC circuits output an alternating current, the alternating current passing through the primary circuit inductor. 7. The power converter of claim 6, wherein the alternating current is received by the secondary circuit via the transformer. 8. The power converter of claim 7, wherein the first and second secondary switches rectify the alternating current. 9. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the controller includes a charge-sharing circuit that is electrically coupled to a charge-sharing switch, the charge-sharing switch electrically coupled to the first and second secondary circuit switches. 10. The power converter of claim 9, wherein:
the charge-sharing circuit is configured to close the charge-sharing switch to form an electrical path between the first and second secondary circuit switches, and when the charge-sharing switch is closed, a charge in a parasitic gate capacitor of the first secondary circuit switch is used to partially charge a parasitic gate capacitor of the second secondary circuit switch. 11. The power converter of claim 1, further comprising a secondary circuit capacitor in parallel electrically with the secondary inductor to form a secondary LC circuit. 12. The power converter of claim 11, wherein the secondary circuit capacitor comprises a variable capacitor. 13. The power converter of claim 12, wherein:
the controller includes a voltage regulation circuit that compares an output voltage at the low-voltage output node with a reference voltage, the voltage regulation circuit increases a capacitance of the variable capacitor when the output voltage is greater than the reference voltage, and the voltage regulation circuit decreases a capacitance of the variable capacitor when the output voltage is less than the reference voltage. 14. The power converter of claim 13, wherein the controller includes a primary zero-voltage switching circuit that adjusts a duty cycle of the first and second primary circuit switches so that the first and second primary circuit switches are in phase with the first and second secondary circuit switches, respectively, when the capacitance of the variable capacitor is adjusted. 15. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to operate the first and second primary circuit switches at about a 50% duty cycle. 16. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to operate the first and second secondary circuit switches at about the 50% duty cycle. 17-23. (canceled) 24. A power converter comprising:
a primary circuit comprising:
a common node electrically coupled to a high-voltage source;
a first primary LC circuit electrically coupled to the common node and to a first primary node;
a second primary LC circuit electrically coupled to the common node and to a second primary node, the second primary LC circuit in parallel electrically with the first primary LC circuit, the first and second primary LC circuits having the same or about the same primary LC resonance frequency;
a primary inductor having a first terminal electrically coupled to the first primary node and a second terminal electrically coupled to the second primary node;
a first primary circuit switch electrically coupled to the first primary node, the first primary circuit switch having a closed state where the first primary switch is electrically coupled to the first primary node and to ground, the first primary circuit switch having an open state where the first primary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the first primary node; and
a second primary circuit switch electrically coupled to the second primary node, the second primary circuit switch having a closed state where the second primary switch is electrically coupled to the second primary node and to ground, the second primary circuit switch having an open state where the second primary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the second primary node;
a secondary circuit in electrical communication with the primary circuit, the secondary circuit comprising:
a secondary inductor electromagnetically coupled to the primary inductor to form a transformer;
a first secondary circuit switch electrically coupled to a first secondary inductor node, the first secondary node electrically coupled to a first terminal of the secondary inductor, the first secondary circuit switch having a closed state where the first secondary switch is electrically coupled to the first secondary node and to ground, the first secondary circuit switch having an open state where the first secondary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the first secondary node;
a second secondary circuit switch electrically coupled to a second secondary inductor node, the second secondary node electrically coupled to a second terminal of the secondary inductor, the second secondary circuit switch having a closed state where the second secondary switch is electrically coupled to the second secondary node and to ground, the second secondary circuit switch having an open state where the second secondary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the second secondary node;
a low-pass filter electrically coupled to the first and second secondary nodes;
a low-voltage output node electrically coupled to an output of the low-pass filter; and
a controller in electrical communication with the first and second primary circuit switches and with the first and second secondary circuit switches, the controller configured to:
operate the first and second primary circuit switches at about the primary LC resonance frequency; and
operate the first and second secondary circuit switches at about the primary LC resonance frequency,
wherein the controller includes a charge-sharing circuit that is electrically coupled to a charge-sharing switch, the charge-sharing switch electrically coupled to the first and second secondary circuit switches. 25. The power converter of claim 24, wherein the controller includes a frequency-locked loop circuit that is locked to the primary LC resonance frequency. 26. The power converter of claim 24, wherein the low-pass filter comprises:
a first low-pass filter electrically coupled to the low-voltage output node and the first secondary node; and a second low-pass filter electrically coupled to the low-voltage output node and the second secondary node. 27. The power converter of claim 26, wherein:
the first low-pass filter comprises a first LP inductor and a common output capacitor, and the second low-pass filter comprises a second LP inductor and the common output capacitor. 28. The power converter of claim 26, wherein the first and second low-pass filters output a mean of a voltage at the first and second secondary nodes, respectively. 29. The power converter of claim 24, wherein the first and second primary LC circuits output an alternating current, the alternating current passing through the primary circuit inductor. 30. The power converter of claim 29, wherein the alternating current is received by the secondary circuit via the transformer. 31. The power converter of claim 30, wherein the first and second secondary switches rectify the alternating current. 32. The power converter of claim 24, wherein:
the charge-sharing circuit is configured to close the charge-sharing switch to form an electrical path between the first and second secondary circuit switches, and when the charge-sharing switch is closed, a charge in a parasitic gate capacitor of the first secondary circuit switch is used to partially charge a parasitic gate capacitor of the second secondary circuit switch. 33. The power converter of claim 24, further comprising a secondary circuit capacitor in parallel electrically with the secondary inductor to form a secondary LC circuit. 34. The power converter of claim 33, wherein the secondary circuit capacitor comprises a variable capacitor. 35. The power converter of claim 34, wherein:
the controller includes a voltage regulation circuit that compares an output voltage at the low-voltage output node with a reference voltage, the voltage regulation circuit increases a capacitance of the variable capacitor when the output voltage is greater than the reference voltage, and the voltage regulation circuit decreases a capacitance of the variable capacitor when the output voltage is less than the reference voltage. 36. The power converter of claim 35, wherein the controller includes a primary zero-voltage switching circuit that adjusts a duty cycle of the first and second primary circuit switches so that the first and second primary circuit switches are in phase with the first and second secondary circuit switches, respectively, when the capacitance of the variable capacitor is adjusted. 37. The power converter of claim 24, wherein the controller is configured to operate the first and second primary circuit switches at about a 50% duty cycle. 38. The power converter of claim 24, wherein the controller is configured to operate the first and second secondary circuit switches at about the 50% duty cycle. 39. A power converter comprising:
a primary circuit comprising:
a common node electrically coupled to a high-voltage source;
a first primary LC circuit electrically coupled to the common node and to a first primary node;
a second primary LC circuit electrically coupled to the common node and to a second primary node, the second primary LC circuit in parallel electrically with the first primary LC circuit, the first and second primary LC circuits having the same or about the same primary LC resonance frequency;
a primary inductor having a first terminal electrically coupled to the first primary node and a second terminal electrically coupled to the second primary node;
a first primary circuit switch electrically coupled to the first primary node, the first primary circuit switch having a closed state where the first primary switch is electrically coupled to the first primary node and to ground, the first primary circuit switch having an open state where the first primary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the first primary node; and
a second primary circuit switch electrically coupled to the second primary node, the second primary circuit switch having a closed state where the second primary switch is electrically coupled to the second primary node and to ground, the second primary circuit switch having an open state where the second primary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the second primary node;
a secondary circuit in electrical communication with the primary circuit, the secondary circuit comprising:
a secondary inductor electromagnetically coupled to the primary inductor to form a transformer;
a secondary circuit capacitor in parallel electrically with the secondary inductor to form a secondary LC circuit, the secondary circuit capacitor comprising a variable capacitor;
a first secondary circuit switch electrically coupled to a first secondary inductor node, the first secondary node electrically coupled to a first terminal of the secondary inductor, the first secondary circuit switch having a closed state where the first secondary switch is electrically coupled to the first secondary node and to ground, the first secondary circuit switch having an open state where the first secondary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the first secondary node;
a second secondary circuit switch electrically coupled to a second secondary inductor node, the second secondary node electrically coupled to a second terminal of the secondary inductor, the second secondary circuit switch having a closed state where the second secondary switch is electrically coupled to the second secondary node and to ground, the second secondary circuit switch having an open state where the second secondary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the second secondary node;
a low-pass filter electrically coupled to the first and second secondary nodes;
a low-voltage output node electrically coupled to an output of the low-pass filter; and
a controller in electrical communication with the first and second primary circuit switches and with the first and second secondary circuit switches, the controller configured to:
operate the first and second primary circuit switches at about the primary LC resonance frequency; and
operate the first and second secondary circuit switches at about the primary LC resonance frequency,
wherein:
the controller includes a voltage regulation circuit that compares an output voltage at the low-voltage output node with a reference voltage,
the voltage regulation circuit increases a capacitance of the variable capacitor when the output voltage is greater than the reference voltage,
the voltage regulation circuit decreases a capacitance of the variable capacitor when the output voltage is less than the reference voltage, and
the controller includes a primary zero-voltage switching circuit that adjusts a duty cycle of the first and second primary circuit switches so that the first and second primary circuit switches are in phase with the first and second secondary circuit switches, respectively, when the capacitance of the variable capacitor is adjusted. | A power converter includes a primary circuit and a secondary circuit. The primary circuit includes two primary LC circuits that are in parallel electrically with each other. A first node of each primary LC circuit is electrically coupled to a high-voltage input. A second node of each primary LC circuit is coupled to a respective terminal of a primary inductor that forms a transformer with a secondary inductor in the secondary circuit. Each primary LC circuit is electrically coupled to a primary switch that operates at approximately the resonance frequency of the primary LC circuits to output an alternating current that passes through the primary inductor. The terminals of the secondary inductor are coupled to respective secondary switches. The switches operate at the resonance frequency of the primary LC circuit to rectify the power. A low-pass filter outputs the mean of the received voltage.1. A power converter comprising:
a primary circuit comprising:
a common node electrically coupled to a high-voltage source;
a first primary LC circuit electrically coupled to the common node and to a first primary node;
a second primary LC circuit electrically coupled to the common node and to a second primary node, the second primary LC circuit in parallel electrically with the first primary LC circuit, the first and second primary LC circuits having the same or about the same primary LC resonance frequency;
a primary inductor having a first terminal electrically coupled to the first primary node and a second terminal electrically coupled to the second primary node;
a first primary circuit switch electrically coupled to the first primary node, the first primary circuit switch having a closed state where the first primary switch is electrically coupled to the first primary node and to ground, the first primary circuit switch having an open state where the first primary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the first primary node; and
a second primary circuit switch electrically coupled to the second primary node, the second primary circuit switch having a closed state where the second primary switch is electrically coupled to the second primary node and to ground, the second primary circuit switch having an open state where the second primary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the second primary node;
a secondary circuit in electrical communication with the primary circuit, the secondary circuit comprising:
a secondary inductor electromagnetically coupled to the primary inductor to form a transformer;
a first secondary circuit switch electrically coupled to a first secondary inductor node, the first secondary node electrically coupled to a first terminal of the secondary inductor, the first secondary circuit switch having a closed state where the first secondary switch is electrically coupled to the first secondary node and to ground, the first secondary circuit switch having an open state where the first secondary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the first secondary node;
a second secondary circuit switch electrically coupled to a second secondary inductor node, the second secondary node electrically coupled to a second terminal of the secondary inductor, the second secondary circuit switch having a closed state where the second secondary switch is electrically coupled to the second secondary node and to ground, the second secondary circuit switch having an open state where the second secondary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the second secondary node;
a low-pass filter electrically coupled to the first and second secondary nodes;
a low-voltage output node electrically coupled to an output of the low-pass filter; and
a controller in electrical communication with the first and second primary circuit switches and with the first and second secondary circuit switches, the controller configured to:
operate the first and second primary circuit switches at about the primary LC resonance frequency; and 2. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the controller includes a frequency-locked loop circuit that is locked to the primary LC resonance frequency. 3. (canceled) 4. The power converter of claim 1, wherein:
the first low-pass filter comprises a first LP inductor and a common output capacitor, and the second low-pass filter comprises a second LP inductor and the common output capacitor. 5. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the first and second low-pass filters output a mean of a voltage at the first and second secondary nodes, respectively. 6. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the first and second primary LC circuits output an alternating current, the alternating current passing through the primary circuit inductor. 7. The power converter of claim 6, wherein the alternating current is received by the secondary circuit via the transformer. 8. The power converter of claim 7, wherein the first and second secondary switches rectify the alternating current. 9. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the controller includes a charge-sharing circuit that is electrically coupled to a charge-sharing switch, the charge-sharing switch electrically coupled to the first and second secondary circuit switches. 10. The power converter of claim 9, wherein:
the charge-sharing circuit is configured to close the charge-sharing switch to form an electrical path between the first and second secondary circuit switches, and when the charge-sharing switch is closed, a charge in a parasitic gate capacitor of the first secondary circuit switch is used to partially charge a parasitic gate capacitor of the second secondary circuit switch. 11. The power converter of claim 1, further comprising a secondary circuit capacitor in parallel electrically with the secondary inductor to form a secondary LC circuit. 12. The power converter of claim 11, wherein the secondary circuit capacitor comprises a variable capacitor. 13. The power converter of claim 12, wherein:
the controller includes a voltage regulation circuit that compares an output voltage at the low-voltage output node with a reference voltage, the voltage regulation circuit increases a capacitance of the variable capacitor when the output voltage is greater than the reference voltage, and the voltage regulation circuit decreases a capacitance of the variable capacitor when the output voltage is less than the reference voltage. 14. The power converter of claim 13, wherein the controller includes a primary zero-voltage switching circuit that adjusts a duty cycle of the first and second primary circuit switches so that the first and second primary circuit switches are in phase with the first and second secondary circuit switches, respectively, when the capacitance of the variable capacitor is adjusted. 15. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to operate the first and second primary circuit switches at about a 50% duty cycle. 16. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to operate the first and second secondary circuit switches at about the 50% duty cycle. 17-23. (canceled) 24. A power converter comprising:
a primary circuit comprising:
a common node electrically coupled to a high-voltage source;
a first primary LC circuit electrically coupled to the common node and to a first primary node;
a second primary LC circuit electrically coupled to the common node and to a second primary node, the second primary LC circuit in parallel electrically with the first primary LC circuit, the first and second primary LC circuits having the same or about the same primary LC resonance frequency;
a primary inductor having a first terminal electrically coupled to the first primary node and a second terminal electrically coupled to the second primary node;
a first primary circuit switch electrically coupled to the first primary node, the first primary circuit switch having a closed state where the first primary switch is electrically coupled to the first primary node and to ground, the first primary circuit switch having an open state where the first primary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the first primary node; and
a second primary circuit switch electrically coupled to the second primary node, the second primary circuit switch having a closed state where the second primary switch is electrically coupled to the second primary node and to ground, the second primary circuit switch having an open state where the second primary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the second primary node;
a secondary circuit in electrical communication with the primary circuit, the secondary circuit comprising:
a secondary inductor electromagnetically coupled to the primary inductor to form a transformer;
a first secondary circuit switch electrically coupled to a first secondary inductor node, the first secondary node electrically coupled to a first terminal of the secondary inductor, the first secondary circuit switch having a closed state where the first secondary switch is electrically coupled to the first secondary node and to ground, the first secondary circuit switch having an open state where the first secondary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the first secondary node;
a second secondary circuit switch electrically coupled to a second secondary inductor node, the second secondary node electrically coupled to a second terminal of the secondary inductor, the second secondary circuit switch having a closed state where the second secondary switch is electrically coupled to the second secondary node and to ground, the second secondary circuit switch having an open state where the second secondary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the second secondary node;
a low-pass filter electrically coupled to the first and second secondary nodes;
a low-voltage output node electrically coupled to an output of the low-pass filter; and
a controller in electrical communication with the first and second primary circuit switches and with the first and second secondary circuit switches, the controller configured to:
operate the first and second primary circuit switches at about the primary LC resonance frequency; and
operate the first and second secondary circuit switches at about the primary LC resonance frequency,
wherein the controller includes a charge-sharing circuit that is electrically coupled to a charge-sharing switch, the charge-sharing switch electrically coupled to the first and second secondary circuit switches. 25. The power converter of claim 24, wherein the controller includes a frequency-locked loop circuit that is locked to the primary LC resonance frequency. 26. The power converter of claim 24, wherein the low-pass filter comprises:
a first low-pass filter electrically coupled to the low-voltage output node and the first secondary node; and a second low-pass filter electrically coupled to the low-voltage output node and the second secondary node. 27. The power converter of claim 26, wherein:
the first low-pass filter comprises a first LP inductor and a common output capacitor, and the second low-pass filter comprises a second LP inductor and the common output capacitor. 28. The power converter of claim 26, wherein the first and second low-pass filters output a mean of a voltage at the first and second secondary nodes, respectively. 29. The power converter of claim 24, wherein the first and second primary LC circuits output an alternating current, the alternating current passing through the primary circuit inductor. 30. The power converter of claim 29, wherein the alternating current is received by the secondary circuit via the transformer. 31. The power converter of claim 30, wherein the first and second secondary switches rectify the alternating current. 32. The power converter of claim 24, wherein:
the charge-sharing circuit is configured to close the charge-sharing switch to form an electrical path between the first and second secondary circuit switches, and when the charge-sharing switch is closed, a charge in a parasitic gate capacitor of the first secondary circuit switch is used to partially charge a parasitic gate capacitor of the second secondary circuit switch. 33. The power converter of claim 24, further comprising a secondary circuit capacitor in parallel electrically with the secondary inductor to form a secondary LC circuit. 34. The power converter of claim 33, wherein the secondary circuit capacitor comprises a variable capacitor. 35. The power converter of claim 34, wherein:
the controller includes a voltage regulation circuit that compares an output voltage at the low-voltage output node with a reference voltage, the voltage regulation circuit increases a capacitance of the variable capacitor when the output voltage is greater than the reference voltage, and the voltage regulation circuit decreases a capacitance of the variable capacitor when the output voltage is less than the reference voltage. 36. The power converter of claim 35, wherein the controller includes a primary zero-voltage switching circuit that adjusts a duty cycle of the first and second primary circuit switches so that the first and second primary circuit switches are in phase with the first and second secondary circuit switches, respectively, when the capacitance of the variable capacitor is adjusted. 37. The power converter of claim 24, wherein the controller is configured to operate the first and second primary circuit switches at about a 50% duty cycle. 38. The power converter of claim 24, wherein the controller is configured to operate the first and second secondary circuit switches at about the 50% duty cycle. 39. A power converter comprising:
a primary circuit comprising:
a common node electrically coupled to a high-voltage source;
a first primary LC circuit electrically coupled to the common node and to a first primary node;
a second primary LC circuit electrically coupled to the common node and to a second primary node, the second primary LC circuit in parallel electrically with the first primary LC circuit, the first and second primary LC circuits having the same or about the same primary LC resonance frequency;
a primary inductor having a first terminal electrically coupled to the first primary node and a second terminal electrically coupled to the second primary node;
a first primary circuit switch electrically coupled to the first primary node, the first primary circuit switch having a closed state where the first primary switch is electrically coupled to the first primary node and to ground, the first primary circuit switch having an open state where the first primary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the first primary node; and
a second primary circuit switch electrically coupled to the second primary node, the second primary circuit switch having a closed state where the second primary switch is electrically coupled to the second primary node and to ground, the second primary circuit switch having an open state where the second primary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the second primary node;
a secondary circuit in electrical communication with the primary circuit, the secondary circuit comprising:
a secondary inductor electromagnetically coupled to the primary inductor to form a transformer;
a secondary circuit capacitor in parallel electrically with the secondary inductor to form a secondary LC circuit, the secondary circuit capacitor comprising a variable capacitor;
a first secondary circuit switch electrically coupled to a first secondary inductor node, the first secondary node electrically coupled to a first terminal of the secondary inductor, the first secondary circuit switch having a closed state where the first secondary switch is electrically coupled to the first secondary node and to ground, the first secondary circuit switch having an open state where the first secondary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the first secondary node;
a second secondary circuit switch electrically coupled to a second secondary inductor node, the second secondary node electrically coupled to a second terminal of the secondary inductor, the second secondary circuit switch having a closed state where the second secondary switch is electrically coupled to the second secondary node and to ground, the second secondary circuit switch having an open state where the second secondary circuit switch is electrically decoupled from the second secondary node;
a low-pass filter electrically coupled to the first and second secondary nodes;
a low-voltage output node electrically coupled to an output of the low-pass filter; and
a controller in electrical communication with the first and second primary circuit switches and with the first and second secondary circuit switches, the controller configured to:
operate the first and second primary circuit switches at about the primary LC resonance frequency; and
operate the first and second secondary circuit switches at about the primary LC resonance frequency,
wherein:
the controller includes a voltage regulation circuit that compares an output voltage at the low-voltage output node with a reference voltage,
the voltage regulation circuit increases a capacitance of the variable capacitor when the output voltage is greater than the reference voltage,
the voltage regulation circuit decreases a capacitance of the variable capacitor when the output voltage is less than the reference voltage, and
the controller includes a primary zero-voltage switching circuit that adjusts a duty cycle of the first and second primary circuit switches so that the first and second primary circuit switches are in phase with the first and second secondary circuit switches, respectively, when the capacitance of the variable capacitor is adjusted. | 2,800 |
339,357 | 16,800,232 | 2,896 | A multiflow pump for fluids, having an electromagnetic translatory drive, a displacement piston unit, a pump head, and at least one outlet valve device. According to the teachings, there is provision that the displacement piston contains a bearing journal with a spring receptacle, a carrier plate, and a plurality of pump pistons, wherein the displacement piston unit is configured in one piece. | 1. A multiflow pump for fluids, comprising:
an electromagnetic translatory drive; a displacement piston unit; a pump head; and at least one outlet valve device; wherein the displacement piston unit contains a bearing journal with a spring receptacle, a carrier plate, and a plurality of pump pistons; wherein the displacement piston unit is configured in one piece. 2. The multiflow pump of claim 1, wherein the pump head contains a plurality of cylinder bores into which the pump pistons at least partially plunge, wherein the cylinder bores each receive the outlet valve devices on a side facing away from the pump pistons. 3. The multiflow pump of claim 2, wherein the outlet valve devices each consist of a sleeve, a spring, a sealing body, and a valve seat. 4. The multiflow pump of claim 3, wherein the pump head is produced from a plastics material by injection-moulding, wherein the sleeves of the outlet valve devices are encapsulated with the plastics material. 5. The multiflow pump of claim 1, wherein the translatory drive is configured as an electromagnet which contains a magnet coil, a magnet pole, an iron circuit, and a magnet armature, wherein the magnet armature is in frictional operative connection with a tappet. 6. The multiflow pump of claim 5, wherein the iron circuit of the electromagnet is provided with a plastic encapsulation which is connected to the pump head in a form-fitting or frictional or integrally bonded manner. 7. The multiflow pump of claim 2, wherein the pump pistons are provided with elastomer seals which bear against axial surfaces of the pump pistons during a working stroke of the displacement piston unit, and in that the elastomer seals lift off the axial surfaces of the pump pistons during a return stroke of the displacement piston unit, with there being a fluidic connection from a working chamber of the displacement piston unit to the cylinder bore. 8. The multiflow pump of claim 7, wherein the pump head has a suction line connection which is fluidically connected to the working chamber on a suction side. 9. The multiflow pump of claim 8, wherein the pump head has, in the vicinity of the suction line connection, a filter chamber in which a filter element can be accommodated. 10. A method for producing a multiflow pump, comprising:
providing,
an electromagnetic translatory drive;
a displacement piston;
a pump head; and
at least one outlet valve device, wherein at least the displacement piston unit is joined into the pump head;
wherein a position of a tappet in a magnet armature is displaced during the production process of the multiflow pump. 11. An engine-lubricating system, comprising:
providing,
an internal combustion engine;
a lubricant supply reservoir;
an electric controller; and
a multiflow pump;
wherein the multiflow pump has an electromagnetic translatory drive, a displacement piston unit, a pump head, and at least one outlet valve device; wherein the displacement piston unit contains a bearing journal with a spring receptacle, a carrier plate and a plurality of pump pistons; and wherein the displacement piston unit is configured in one piece. | A multiflow pump for fluids, having an electromagnetic translatory drive, a displacement piston unit, a pump head, and at least one outlet valve device. According to the teachings, there is provision that the displacement piston contains a bearing journal with a spring receptacle, a carrier plate, and a plurality of pump pistons, wherein the displacement piston unit is configured in one piece.1. A multiflow pump for fluids, comprising:
an electromagnetic translatory drive; a displacement piston unit; a pump head; and at least one outlet valve device; wherein the displacement piston unit contains a bearing journal with a spring receptacle, a carrier plate, and a plurality of pump pistons; wherein the displacement piston unit is configured in one piece. 2. The multiflow pump of claim 1, wherein the pump head contains a plurality of cylinder bores into which the pump pistons at least partially plunge, wherein the cylinder bores each receive the outlet valve devices on a side facing away from the pump pistons. 3. The multiflow pump of claim 2, wherein the outlet valve devices each consist of a sleeve, a spring, a sealing body, and a valve seat. 4. The multiflow pump of claim 3, wherein the pump head is produced from a plastics material by injection-moulding, wherein the sleeves of the outlet valve devices are encapsulated with the plastics material. 5. The multiflow pump of claim 1, wherein the translatory drive is configured as an electromagnet which contains a magnet coil, a magnet pole, an iron circuit, and a magnet armature, wherein the magnet armature is in frictional operative connection with a tappet. 6. The multiflow pump of claim 5, wherein the iron circuit of the electromagnet is provided with a plastic encapsulation which is connected to the pump head in a form-fitting or frictional or integrally bonded manner. 7. The multiflow pump of claim 2, wherein the pump pistons are provided with elastomer seals which bear against axial surfaces of the pump pistons during a working stroke of the displacement piston unit, and in that the elastomer seals lift off the axial surfaces of the pump pistons during a return stroke of the displacement piston unit, with there being a fluidic connection from a working chamber of the displacement piston unit to the cylinder bore. 8. The multiflow pump of claim 7, wherein the pump head has a suction line connection which is fluidically connected to the working chamber on a suction side. 9. The multiflow pump of claim 8, wherein the pump head has, in the vicinity of the suction line connection, a filter chamber in which a filter element can be accommodated. 10. A method for producing a multiflow pump, comprising:
providing,
an electromagnetic translatory drive;
a displacement piston;
a pump head; and
at least one outlet valve device, wherein at least the displacement piston unit is joined into the pump head;
wherein a position of a tappet in a magnet armature is displaced during the production process of the multiflow pump. 11. An engine-lubricating system, comprising:
providing,
an internal combustion engine;
a lubricant supply reservoir;
an electric controller; and
a multiflow pump;
wherein the multiflow pump has an electromagnetic translatory drive, a displacement piston unit, a pump head, and at least one outlet valve device; wherein the displacement piston unit contains a bearing journal with a spring receptacle, a carrier plate and a plurality of pump pistons; and wherein the displacement piston unit is configured in one piece. | 2,800 |
339,358 | 16,800,259 | 2,896 | Image data is obtained about an area that includes a plurality of sub-areas. One of the sub-areas is selected as a destination sub-area based on the destination sub-area being unoccupied. Then, upon detecting a candidate marker for the destination sub-area, the image data including the candidate marker is provided to a remote computer. A vehicle is operated to a stop in the destination sub-area. Then, upon receiving a message from the remote computer specifying an availability of the destination sub-area based at least on the image data, the vehicle is maintained in the destination sub-area or the vehicle is operated out of the destination sub-area. | 1. A system, comprising a computer including a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
obtain image data about an area that includes a plurality of sub-areas; select one of the sub-areas as a destination sub-area based on the destination sub-area being unoccupied; then, upon detecting a candidate marker for the destination sub-area, provide image data including the candidate marker to a remote computer; operate a vehicle to a stop in the destination sub-area; and then, upon receiving a message from the remote computer specifying an availability of the destination sub-area based on at least the image data, one of (a) maintain the vehicle in the destination sub-area or (b) operate the vehicle out of the destination sub-area based on the message. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to provide location data of the destination sub-area to the remote computer. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon operating the vehicle to the stop, provide second image data including the candidate marker to the remote computer, wherein the message specifies the availability of the destination sub-area based further on the second image data. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to update the availability of the destination sub-area in a map based on the message from the remote computer specifying the destination sub-area is unavailable. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the remote computer includes a second processor and a second memory, the second memory storing instructions executable by the second processor to:
determine a verification of the candidate marker by determining the image data (a) includes a verified marker, or (b) does not include a verified marker; at least one of identify the candidate marker or determine the candidate marker is unidentified; and then determine the availability based on one of the candidate marker or a validation message from a user device. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon determining the candidate marker is unidentified, provide image data including the candidate marker to the user device. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the instructions further include instructions to crop the image data based on the marker and a display of the user device. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the sub-area is available based on determining the candidate marker is unverified. 9. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to provide location data of the sub-area to the user device. 10. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the destination sub-area is available based on passage of a predetermined time without receiving the validation message from the user device. 11. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to input image data indicating the candidate marker into a machine learning program and to obtain the verification of the candidate marker as output from the machine learning program. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further include instructions to obtain an identification of the candidate marker and a confidence estimate as output from the machine learning program. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the candidate marker is unidentified based on the confidence estimate being below a threshold. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further include instructions to train the machine learning program based on messages from a plurality of user devices indicating the destination sub-area is unavailable within a predetermined time. 15. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to update the availability of the sub-area in a map based on crowdsourced data including messages from a plurality of user devices indicating the destination sub-area is unavailable. 16. A method comprising,
obtaining image data about an area that includes a plurality of sub-areas; selecting one of the sub-areas as a destination sub-area based on the destination sub-area being unoccupied; then, upon detecting a candidate marker for the destination sub-area, providing image data including the candidate marker to a remote computer; operating a vehicle to a stop in the destination sub-area; and then, upon receiving a message from the remote computer specifying an availability of the destination sub-area based on at least the image data, one of (a) maintaining the vehicle in the destination sub-area or (b) operating the vehicle out of the destination sub-area based on the message. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising providing location data of the destination sub-area to the remote computer. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
determining a verification of the candidate marker by determining the image data (a) includes a verified marker, or (b) does not include a verified marker; at least one of identifying the candidate marker or determining the candidate marker is unidentified; and then determining the availability based on one of the candidate marker or a validation message from a user device. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising determining the sub-area is available based on determining the identified marker is unverified. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising determining the destination sub-area is available based on passage of a predetermined time without receiving the validation message from the user device. | Image data is obtained about an area that includes a plurality of sub-areas. One of the sub-areas is selected as a destination sub-area based on the destination sub-area being unoccupied. Then, upon detecting a candidate marker for the destination sub-area, the image data including the candidate marker is provided to a remote computer. A vehicle is operated to a stop in the destination sub-area. Then, upon receiving a message from the remote computer specifying an availability of the destination sub-area based at least on the image data, the vehicle is maintained in the destination sub-area or the vehicle is operated out of the destination sub-area.1. A system, comprising a computer including a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
obtain image data about an area that includes a plurality of sub-areas; select one of the sub-areas as a destination sub-area based on the destination sub-area being unoccupied; then, upon detecting a candidate marker for the destination sub-area, provide image data including the candidate marker to a remote computer; operate a vehicle to a stop in the destination sub-area; and then, upon receiving a message from the remote computer specifying an availability of the destination sub-area based on at least the image data, one of (a) maintain the vehicle in the destination sub-area or (b) operate the vehicle out of the destination sub-area based on the message. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to provide location data of the destination sub-area to the remote computer. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon operating the vehicle to the stop, provide second image data including the candidate marker to the remote computer, wherein the message specifies the availability of the destination sub-area based further on the second image data. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to update the availability of the destination sub-area in a map based on the message from the remote computer specifying the destination sub-area is unavailable. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the remote computer includes a second processor and a second memory, the second memory storing instructions executable by the second processor to:
determine a verification of the candidate marker by determining the image data (a) includes a verified marker, or (b) does not include a verified marker; at least one of identify the candidate marker or determine the candidate marker is unidentified; and then determine the availability based on one of the candidate marker or a validation message from a user device. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon determining the candidate marker is unidentified, provide image data including the candidate marker to the user device. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the instructions further include instructions to crop the image data based on the marker and a display of the user device. 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the sub-area is available based on determining the candidate marker is unverified. 9. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to provide location data of the sub-area to the user device. 10. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the destination sub-area is available based on passage of a predetermined time without receiving the validation message from the user device. 11. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to input image data indicating the candidate marker into a machine learning program and to obtain the verification of the candidate marker as output from the machine learning program. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further include instructions to obtain an identification of the candidate marker and a confidence estimate as output from the machine learning program. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the candidate marker is unidentified based on the confidence estimate being below a threshold. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions further include instructions to train the machine learning program based on messages from a plurality of user devices indicating the destination sub-area is unavailable within a predetermined time. 15. The system of claim 5, wherein the instructions further include instructions to update the availability of the sub-area in a map based on crowdsourced data including messages from a plurality of user devices indicating the destination sub-area is unavailable. 16. A method comprising,
obtaining image data about an area that includes a plurality of sub-areas; selecting one of the sub-areas as a destination sub-area based on the destination sub-area being unoccupied; then, upon detecting a candidate marker for the destination sub-area, providing image data including the candidate marker to a remote computer; operating a vehicle to a stop in the destination sub-area; and then, upon receiving a message from the remote computer specifying an availability of the destination sub-area based on at least the image data, one of (a) maintaining the vehicle in the destination sub-area or (b) operating the vehicle out of the destination sub-area based on the message. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising providing location data of the destination sub-area to the remote computer. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
determining a verification of the candidate marker by determining the image data (a) includes a verified marker, or (b) does not include a verified marker; at least one of identifying the candidate marker or determining the candidate marker is unidentified; and then determining the availability based on one of the candidate marker or a validation message from a user device. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising determining the sub-area is available based on determining the identified marker is unverified. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising determining the destination sub-area is available based on passage of a predetermined time without receiving the validation message from the user device. | 2,800 |
339,359 | 16,800,283 | 2,896 | A tool mounting track embedded in the surface of a work table is formed. The track includes an elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel defined between inwardly directed flanges and outwardly extending side grooves immediately below the flanges forming an elongated inverted T shaped track, all of the upwardly opening channel, the inwardly directed flanges, and the side grooves extending substantially the length of the elongated metal bar. At least one open area of the elongated metal bar where a portion of the inwardly directed flanges is omitted to provide an entry for a downwardly extending rectangular tool foot. The elongated metal bar is positioned between edges of the work table and spaced therefrom. | 1. A tool mounting track embedded in the surface of a work table, the track comprising;
an elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel defined between inwardly directed flanges and outwardly extending side grooves immediately below the flanges forming an elongated inverted T shaped track, all of the upwardly opening channel, the inwardly directed flanges, and the side grooves extending substantially the length of the elongated metal bar; and at least one open area of the elongated metal bar where a portion of the inwardly directed flanges is omitted to provide an entry for a downwardly extending rectangular tool foot. 2. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 1 wherein a plurality of open areas are provided, each area with a portion of the inwardly directed flanges omitted to provide an entry for a downwardly extending rectangular tool foot. 3. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 2 wherein one of the plurality of open areas is positioned at each end of the elongated inverted T shaped track. 4. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 3 wherein remaining open areas of the plurality of open areas are spaced apart between the ends of the elongated inverted T shaped track. 5. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 4 wherein the spacing between the remaining open areas is 12 inches. 6. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 1 wherein the elongated metal bar further includes a longitudinally extending depression in the lower surface of the elongated inverted T shaped track. 7. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 1 wherein the open areas are formed to receive a tool foot with a wider portion that is rectangular so that the longitudinal length and cross-sectional length are approximately equal. 8. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 1 wherein a work table includes an elongated slot in the surface and the tool mounting track is embedded in the elongated slot in an upwardly opening orientation. 9. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 8 wherein holes are included along the lower surface of elongated inverted T shaped track for fixedly mounting the elongated inverted T shaped track in the elongated slot. 10. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tool mounting track further includes a mounting portion integrally attached to a lower surface of the elongated metal bar, the mounting portion defining an elongated downwardly opening T shaped track. 11. A work table with a tool mounting track embedded therein, the table comprising;
a work surface with at least one elongated groove formed in the surface, the groove extending between edges of the table but spaced from the edges: an elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel defined between inwardly directed flanges and outwardly extending side grooves immediately below the flanges forming an elongated inverted T shaped track, all of the upwardly opening channel, the inwardly directed flanges, and the side grooves extending substantially the length of the elongated metal bar, at least one open area of the elongated metal bar where a portion of the inwardly directed flanges is omitted to provide an entry for a downwardly extending rectangular tool foot, and the elongated metal bar extending longitudinally approximately the length of the elongated groove and positioned within the elongated groove with the elongated inverted T shaped track opening upwardly; and the elongated metal bar being fixedly attached to the work surface of the table in the elongated groove. 12. The work table with a tool mounting track embedded therein as claimed in claim 11 wherein the work surface includes first and second elongated grooves formed in the surface and intersecting each other at a right angle junction, a first elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel embedded in the first elongated groove and a second elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel embedded in the second elongated groove, the first elongated metal bar including an open area at the right angle junction and the second elongated metal bar including an open area at an end positioned at the junction, whereby the open areas of the first elongated metal bar and the second elongated metal bar cooperate to form a common open area. 13. A method of providing a work table with at least one tool mounting track embedded therein, the method comprising the steps of;
providing a work table with a work surface, the work surface having edges; forming at least one elongated groove in the work surface, the groove positioned between opposed edges of the work surface and spaced from the opposed edges: forming at least one elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel defined between inwardly directed flanges and outwardly extending side grooves immediately below the flanges forming an elongated inverted T shaped track, all of the upwardly opening channel, the inwardly directed flanges, and the side grooves extending substantially the length of the elongated metal bar, at least one open area of the elongated metal bar where a portion of the inwardly directed flanges is omitted to provide an entry for a downwardly extending rectangular tool foot, and the at least one elongated metal bar extending longitudinally approximately the length of the elongated groove and positioned within the elongated groove with the elongated inverted T shaped track opening upwardly; and fixedly attaching the at least one elongated metal bar to the work surface of the work table in the elongated groove. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the step of forming the at least one elongated metal bar includes extruding the metal bar. 15. The method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the step of forming the at least one elongated metal bar with at least one opening includes the omitted portion of the inwardly directed flanges being removed after extrusion to provide an entry for a downwardly extending rectangular tool foot. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15 wherein the step of removing the inwardly directed flanges includes milling the flanges. 17. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the step of fixedly attaching the at least one elongated metal bar to the work surface includes forming holes in a lower surface of the elongated inverted T shaped track and threading screws through the holes and into the work table. 18. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the step of forming the at least one elongated metal bar further includes forming a mounting portion integrally attached to a lower surface of the at least one elongated metal bar, the mounting portion defining an elongated downwardly opening T shaped track. 19. The method as claimed in claim 18 wherein the step of forming the at least one elongated groove in the work surface includes forming the at least one elongated groove deep enough to receive the elongated metal bar with the mounting portion so that an upper surface of the elongated metal bar is flush with the work surface and forming holes through a lower surface of the at least one elongated groove, engaging heads of bolts in the mounting portion and extending bodies of the bolts through the holes through the lower surface, and threading nuts onto the bodies of the bolts to fixedly attach the at least one elongated metal bar to the work surface. 20. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the step of forming at least one elongated groove in the work surface includes forming first and second elongated grooves in the work surface so as to intersect each other at a right angle junction, the step of forming at least one elongated metal bar includes forming a first elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel and a second elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel, the first elongated metal bar including an open area at the right angle junction and the second elongated metal bar including an open area at an end positioned at the junction, and the step of fixedly attaching the at least one elongated metal bar to the work surface includes embedding the first elongated metal bar in the first elongated groove and embedding the second elongated metal bar in the second elongated groove, whereby the open areas of the first elongated metal bar and the second elongated metal bar cooperate to form a common open area for transferring movement of a tool foot from the first elongated metal bar to the second elongated metal bar and vice versa. | A tool mounting track embedded in the surface of a work table is formed. The track includes an elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel defined between inwardly directed flanges and outwardly extending side grooves immediately below the flanges forming an elongated inverted T shaped track, all of the upwardly opening channel, the inwardly directed flanges, and the side grooves extending substantially the length of the elongated metal bar. At least one open area of the elongated metal bar where a portion of the inwardly directed flanges is omitted to provide an entry for a downwardly extending rectangular tool foot. The elongated metal bar is positioned between edges of the work table and spaced therefrom.1. A tool mounting track embedded in the surface of a work table, the track comprising;
an elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel defined between inwardly directed flanges and outwardly extending side grooves immediately below the flanges forming an elongated inverted T shaped track, all of the upwardly opening channel, the inwardly directed flanges, and the side grooves extending substantially the length of the elongated metal bar; and at least one open area of the elongated metal bar where a portion of the inwardly directed flanges is omitted to provide an entry for a downwardly extending rectangular tool foot. 2. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 1 wherein a plurality of open areas are provided, each area with a portion of the inwardly directed flanges omitted to provide an entry for a downwardly extending rectangular tool foot. 3. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 2 wherein one of the plurality of open areas is positioned at each end of the elongated inverted T shaped track. 4. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 3 wherein remaining open areas of the plurality of open areas are spaced apart between the ends of the elongated inverted T shaped track. 5. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 4 wherein the spacing between the remaining open areas is 12 inches. 6. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 1 wherein the elongated metal bar further includes a longitudinally extending depression in the lower surface of the elongated inverted T shaped track. 7. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 1 wherein the open areas are formed to receive a tool foot with a wider portion that is rectangular so that the longitudinal length and cross-sectional length are approximately equal. 8. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 1 wherein a work table includes an elongated slot in the surface and the tool mounting track is embedded in the elongated slot in an upwardly opening orientation. 9. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 8 wherein holes are included along the lower surface of elongated inverted T shaped track for fixedly mounting the elongated inverted T shaped track in the elongated slot. 10. The tool mounting track as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tool mounting track further includes a mounting portion integrally attached to a lower surface of the elongated metal bar, the mounting portion defining an elongated downwardly opening T shaped track. 11. A work table with a tool mounting track embedded therein, the table comprising;
a work surface with at least one elongated groove formed in the surface, the groove extending between edges of the table but spaced from the edges: an elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel defined between inwardly directed flanges and outwardly extending side grooves immediately below the flanges forming an elongated inverted T shaped track, all of the upwardly opening channel, the inwardly directed flanges, and the side grooves extending substantially the length of the elongated metal bar, at least one open area of the elongated metal bar where a portion of the inwardly directed flanges is omitted to provide an entry for a downwardly extending rectangular tool foot, and the elongated metal bar extending longitudinally approximately the length of the elongated groove and positioned within the elongated groove with the elongated inverted T shaped track opening upwardly; and the elongated metal bar being fixedly attached to the work surface of the table in the elongated groove. 12. The work table with a tool mounting track embedded therein as claimed in claim 11 wherein the work surface includes first and second elongated grooves formed in the surface and intersecting each other at a right angle junction, a first elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel embedded in the first elongated groove and a second elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel embedded in the second elongated groove, the first elongated metal bar including an open area at the right angle junction and the second elongated metal bar including an open area at an end positioned at the junction, whereby the open areas of the first elongated metal bar and the second elongated metal bar cooperate to form a common open area. 13. A method of providing a work table with at least one tool mounting track embedded therein, the method comprising the steps of;
providing a work table with a work surface, the work surface having edges; forming at least one elongated groove in the work surface, the groove positioned between opposed edges of the work surface and spaced from the opposed edges: forming at least one elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel defined between inwardly directed flanges and outwardly extending side grooves immediately below the flanges forming an elongated inverted T shaped track, all of the upwardly opening channel, the inwardly directed flanges, and the side grooves extending substantially the length of the elongated metal bar, at least one open area of the elongated metal bar where a portion of the inwardly directed flanges is omitted to provide an entry for a downwardly extending rectangular tool foot, and the at least one elongated metal bar extending longitudinally approximately the length of the elongated groove and positioned within the elongated groove with the elongated inverted T shaped track opening upwardly; and fixedly attaching the at least one elongated metal bar to the work surface of the work table in the elongated groove. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the step of forming the at least one elongated metal bar includes extruding the metal bar. 15. The method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the step of forming the at least one elongated metal bar with at least one opening includes the omitted portion of the inwardly directed flanges being removed after extrusion to provide an entry for a downwardly extending rectangular tool foot. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15 wherein the step of removing the inwardly directed flanges includes milling the flanges. 17. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the step of fixedly attaching the at least one elongated metal bar to the work surface includes forming holes in a lower surface of the elongated inverted T shaped track and threading screws through the holes and into the work table. 18. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the step of forming the at least one elongated metal bar further includes forming a mounting portion integrally attached to a lower surface of the at least one elongated metal bar, the mounting portion defining an elongated downwardly opening T shaped track. 19. The method as claimed in claim 18 wherein the step of forming the at least one elongated groove in the work surface includes forming the at least one elongated groove deep enough to receive the elongated metal bar with the mounting portion so that an upper surface of the elongated metal bar is flush with the work surface and forming holes through a lower surface of the at least one elongated groove, engaging heads of bolts in the mounting portion and extending bodies of the bolts through the holes through the lower surface, and threading nuts onto the bodies of the bolts to fixedly attach the at least one elongated metal bar to the work surface. 20. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the step of forming at least one elongated groove in the work surface includes forming first and second elongated grooves in the work surface so as to intersect each other at a right angle junction, the step of forming at least one elongated metal bar includes forming a first elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel and a second elongated metal bar with a cross-section including an upwardly opening channel, the first elongated metal bar including an open area at the right angle junction and the second elongated metal bar including an open area at an end positioned at the junction, and the step of fixedly attaching the at least one elongated metal bar to the work surface includes embedding the first elongated metal bar in the first elongated groove and embedding the second elongated metal bar in the second elongated groove, whereby the open areas of the first elongated metal bar and the second elongated metal bar cooperate to form a common open area for transferring movement of a tool foot from the first elongated metal bar to the second elongated metal bar and vice versa. | 2,800 |
339,360 | 16,800,263 | 2,896 | A method for scheduling resources in a network where the scheduling activity is split across two nodes in the network is disclosed, comprising: receiving, from a local scheduler in a first radio access network, access network information at a global scheduler; accessing information regarding a second radio access network allocating, at the global scheduler, resources for secondary allocation by the local scheduler; applying a hash function to map the allocated resources for secondary allocation to a set of hash values; and sending, from the global scheduler, the set of hash values to the local scheduler. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, from a local scheduler in a first radio access network, access network information at a global scheduler, wherein the first radio access network is a 5G radio access network; accessing information regarding a second radio access network allocating, at the global scheduler, resources for secondary allocation by the local scheduler; applying a hash function to map the allocated resources for secondary allocation to a set of hash values; and sending, from the global scheduler, the set of hash values to the local scheduler. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the local scheduler is located at a Long Term Evolution (LTE) eNodeB and wherein the global scheduler is located at a core network gateway, wherein the core network is a 5G core network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the local scheduler is located at an ad-hoc multi-radio access technology (multi-RAT) base station, and wherein the global scheduler is located at a radio access network (RAN) gateway node positioned between the ad-hoc multi-RAT base station and an operator core network, and wherein the first radio access network is a cell, wherein the multi-RAT base station supports a 5G RAT. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the hash function is one of modulus, cyclic redundancy check, MD5, SHA1, or SHA-256. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of hash values further comprises scheduling hints, access lists, exclusion lists, or handover predictions for the local scheduler. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising accessing information regarding a plurality of radio access networks coupled to one or more core networks. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the access network information further comprises channel usage information, signal strength information, interference information, or neighbor status information. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the access network information further comprises user equipment (UE) measurement reports for a UE attached to the first radio access network. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the access network information further comprises automatic neighbor relation lists from base stations in the first radio access network. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising resolving contention between the local scheduler and a second local scheduler regarding resources to be secondarily allocated at either the local scheduler or the second local scheduler. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending, from the global scheduler, a single hash value to multiple base stations to permit a user equipment (UE) to be handed over without changing a channel or frequency. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising allocating a majority of the resources at the local scheduler for secondary allocation by the local scheduler, and holding back resources at the local scheduler for priority users, and holding back additional resources at the local scheduler for cell edge users. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending, from the global scheduler, a new set of hash values to provide scheduling hints and to invalidate the prior-transmitted set of hash values. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising periodically updating the allocated resources and repeatedly sending the set of hash values at intervals. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from the local scheduler, requests for resources; allocating, at the global scheduler, the requested resources; and sending, from the global scheduler, a set of hash values reflecting the requested resources to the local scheduler. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from the local scheduler, requests for resources; and coordinating, at the global scheduler, resource requests from a second local scheduler to prevent the second local scheduler from using the resources requested by the local scheduler. 17. A system for allocating resources within a 5G network, comprising:
a coordinating gateway coupled to a base station and providing connectivity for the base station as a gateway to an operator core network, the base station providing access to a user equipment (UE),
the coordinating gateway further comprising:
a scheduling module for allocating resources to the base station;
a hash function module for applying a hash function to map the allocated resources for secondary allocation by the base station to a set of hash values; and
a coordination module to receive resource allocation requests from a plurality of base stations and to coordinate the received allocation requests. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising the base station, the base station further comprising a Long Term Evolution (LTE) eNodeB for providing access to a user equipment (UE) in an LTE radio access network (RAN), the base station further comprising a local scheduler for secondarily allocating resources according to instructions from the coordinating gateway, and a communications module for forwarding UE measurement reports and base station automatic neighbor relations (ANR) information to the coordinating gateway. 19. The system of claim 18, the base station further comprising multi-radio access technology (multi-RAT) functionality, the multi-RAT functionality comprising 5G functionality. 20. The system of claim 18, the base station further comprising an ad-hoc cellular base station. | A method for scheduling resources in a network where the scheduling activity is split across two nodes in the network is disclosed, comprising: receiving, from a local scheduler in a first radio access network, access network information at a global scheduler; accessing information regarding a second radio access network allocating, at the global scheduler, resources for secondary allocation by the local scheduler; applying a hash function to map the allocated resources for secondary allocation to a set of hash values; and sending, from the global scheduler, the set of hash values to the local scheduler.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, from a local scheduler in a first radio access network, access network information at a global scheduler, wherein the first radio access network is a 5G radio access network; accessing information regarding a second radio access network allocating, at the global scheduler, resources for secondary allocation by the local scheduler; applying a hash function to map the allocated resources for secondary allocation to a set of hash values; and sending, from the global scheduler, the set of hash values to the local scheduler. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the local scheduler is located at a Long Term Evolution (LTE) eNodeB and wherein the global scheduler is located at a core network gateway, wherein the core network is a 5G core network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the local scheduler is located at an ad-hoc multi-radio access technology (multi-RAT) base station, and wherein the global scheduler is located at a radio access network (RAN) gateway node positioned between the ad-hoc multi-RAT base station and an operator core network, and wherein the first radio access network is a cell, wherein the multi-RAT base station supports a 5G RAT. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the hash function is one of modulus, cyclic redundancy check, MD5, SHA1, or SHA-256. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of hash values further comprises scheduling hints, access lists, exclusion lists, or handover predictions for the local scheduler. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising accessing information regarding a plurality of radio access networks coupled to one or more core networks. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the access network information further comprises channel usage information, signal strength information, interference information, or neighbor status information. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the access network information further comprises user equipment (UE) measurement reports for a UE attached to the first radio access network. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the access network information further comprises automatic neighbor relation lists from base stations in the first radio access network. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising resolving contention between the local scheduler and a second local scheduler regarding resources to be secondarily allocated at either the local scheduler or the second local scheduler. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending, from the global scheduler, a single hash value to multiple base stations to permit a user equipment (UE) to be handed over without changing a channel or frequency. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising allocating a majority of the resources at the local scheduler for secondary allocation by the local scheduler, and holding back resources at the local scheduler for priority users, and holding back additional resources at the local scheduler for cell edge users. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending, from the global scheduler, a new set of hash values to provide scheduling hints and to invalidate the prior-transmitted set of hash values. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising periodically updating the allocated resources and repeatedly sending the set of hash values at intervals. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from the local scheduler, requests for resources; allocating, at the global scheduler, the requested resources; and sending, from the global scheduler, a set of hash values reflecting the requested resources to the local scheduler. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from the local scheduler, requests for resources; and coordinating, at the global scheduler, resource requests from a second local scheduler to prevent the second local scheduler from using the resources requested by the local scheduler. 17. A system for allocating resources within a 5G network, comprising:
a coordinating gateway coupled to a base station and providing connectivity for the base station as a gateway to an operator core network, the base station providing access to a user equipment (UE),
the coordinating gateway further comprising:
a scheduling module for allocating resources to the base station;
a hash function module for applying a hash function to map the allocated resources for secondary allocation by the base station to a set of hash values; and
a coordination module to receive resource allocation requests from a plurality of base stations and to coordinate the received allocation requests. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising the base station, the base station further comprising a Long Term Evolution (LTE) eNodeB for providing access to a user equipment (UE) in an LTE radio access network (RAN), the base station further comprising a local scheduler for secondarily allocating resources according to instructions from the coordinating gateway, and a communications module for forwarding UE measurement reports and base station automatic neighbor relations (ANR) information to the coordinating gateway. 19. The system of claim 18, the base station further comprising multi-radio access technology (multi-RAT) functionality, the multi-RAT functionality comprising 5G functionality. 20. The system of claim 18, the base station further comprising an ad-hoc cellular base station. | 2,800 |
339,361 | 16,800,256 | 2,896 | A wireless device is configured for wirelessly communicating with one or more types of Radio Access Networks (RANs) providing control-plane connectivity to one or both of a first type of core network and a second type of core network. The device configures a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) at the device, e.g., at least for initial control-plane signaling, in dependence on whether the device is connected, or connecting, to the first type or the second type of core network. In at least one embodiment, the device configures PDCP for the second type of core network as a default choice, when control-plane connectivity to the second core network is available. In an example arrangement, the RAN types are LTE and 5G New Radio (NR), and the core network types are Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and 5G New Generation Core Network (NGCN). | 1. A method of operation by a wireless device, the method comprising:
selecting a first core network of a first core-network type or a second core network of a second core-network type, the first and second core networks each available through a cell of a Radio Access Network (RAN) of a RAN type supported by the wireless device; and selectively configuring a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) as a function of the selected core network, where the wireless device uses the PDCP for exchanging user-plane or control-plane information via a radio connection with the RAN. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining that the first and second core networks are available through the cell, based on system information broadcasted for the cell. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the first core network or the second core network comprises the wireless device sending non-access stratum (NAS) signaling targeting or configured either for the first core network or the second core network, the NAS signaling conveyed via access stratum (AS) signaling between the wireless device and the RAN. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the first core network or the second core network comprises the wireless device sending Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling for the RAN, indicating one of the first and second core networks as the selected core network. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein selectively configuring the PDCP comprises determining how to set an identity of the wireless device, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein selectively configuring the PDCP comprises determining whether to include Quality-of-Service (QoS) flow Identities (IDs) in PDCP headers sent from the wireless device, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein selectively configuring the PDCP comprises setting one or more encryption-related parameters of the PDCP, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein setting the one or more encryption-related parameters comprises determining whether to include one or more encryption-related header fields, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein setting the one or more encryption-related parameters comprises determining whether to perform PDCP-layer encryption using PDCP sequence numbers, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein selectively configuring the PDCP comprises determining a size to use for PDCP-layer sequence numbers, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 11. A wireless device comprising:
communication circuitry configured for wirelessly connecting to a Radio Access Network (RAN) of a RAN type supported by the wireless device; and processing circuitry operatively associated with the communication circuitry and configured to:
select a first core network of a first core-network type or a second core network of a second core-network type, the first and second core networks each available through a cell of the RAN; and
selectively configure a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) as a function of the selected core network, where the wireless device uses the PDCP for exchanging user-plane or control-plane information via a radio connection with the RAN. 12. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine that the first and second core networks are available through the cell, based on system information broadcasted for the cell. 13. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein, to select the first core network or the second core network, the processing circuitry is configured to send non-access stratum (NAS) signaling targeting or configured either for the first core network or the second core network, the NAS signaling conveyed via access stratum (AS) signaling between the wireless device and the RAN. 14. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein, to select the first core network or the second core network, the processing circuitry is configured to send Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling for the RAN, indicating one of the first and second core networks as the selected core network. 15. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein, for selectively configuring the PDCP, the processing circuitry is configured to determine how to set an identity of the wireless device, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 16. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein, for selectively configuring the PDCP, the processing circuitry is configured to determine whether to include Quality-of-Service (QoS) flow Identities (IDs) in PDCP headers sent from the wireless device, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 17. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein, for selectively configuring the PDCP, the processing circuitry is configured to set one or more encryption-related parameters of the PDCP, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 18. The wireless device of claim 17, wherein, for setting the one or more encryption-related parameters, the processing circuitry is configured to determine whether to include one or more encryption-related header fields, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 19. The wireless device of claim 17, wherein, for setting the one or more encryption-related parameters, the processing circuitry is configured to determine whether to perform PDCP-layer encryption using PDCP sequence numbers, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 20. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein, for selectively configuring the PDCP, the processing circuitry is configured to determine a size to use for PDCP-layer sequence numbers, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. | A wireless device is configured for wirelessly communicating with one or more types of Radio Access Networks (RANs) providing control-plane connectivity to one or both of a first type of core network and a second type of core network. The device configures a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) at the device, e.g., at least for initial control-plane signaling, in dependence on whether the device is connected, or connecting, to the first type or the second type of core network. In at least one embodiment, the device configures PDCP for the second type of core network as a default choice, when control-plane connectivity to the second core network is available. In an example arrangement, the RAN types are LTE and 5G New Radio (NR), and the core network types are Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and 5G New Generation Core Network (NGCN).1. A method of operation by a wireless device, the method comprising:
selecting a first core network of a first core-network type or a second core network of a second core-network type, the first and second core networks each available through a cell of a Radio Access Network (RAN) of a RAN type supported by the wireless device; and selectively configuring a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) as a function of the selected core network, where the wireless device uses the PDCP for exchanging user-plane or control-plane information via a radio connection with the RAN. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining that the first and second core networks are available through the cell, based on system information broadcasted for the cell. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the first core network or the second core network comprises the wireless device sending non-access stratum (NAS) signaling targeting or configured either for the first core network or the second core network, the NAS signaling conveyed via access stratum (AS) signaling between the wireless device and the RAN. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the first core network or the second core network comprises the wireless device sending Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling for the RAN, indicating one of the first and second core networks as the selected core network. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein selectively configuring the PDCP comprises determining how to set an identity of the wireless device, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein selectively configuring the PDCP comprises determining whether to include Quality-of-Service (QoS) flow Identities (IDs) in PDCP headers sent from the wireless device, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein selectively configuring the PDCP comprises setting one or more encryption-related parameters of the PDCP, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein setting the one or more encryption-related parameters comprises determining whether to include one or more encryption-related header fields, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein setting the one or more encryption-related parameters comprises determining whether to perform PDCP-layer encryption using PDCP sequence numbers, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein selectively configuring the PDCP comprises determining a size to use for PDCP-layer sequence numbers, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 11. A wireless device comprising:
communication circuitry configured for wirelessly connecting to a Radio Access Network (RAN) of a RAN type supported by the wireless device; and processing circuitry operatively associated with the communication circuitry and configured to:
select a first core network of a first core-network type or a second core network of a second core-network type, the first and second core networks each available through a cell of the RAN; and
selectively configure a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) as a function of the selected core network, where the wireless device uses the PDCP for exchanging user-plane or control-plane information via a radio connection with the RAN. 12. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine that the first and second core networks are available through the cell, based on system information broadcasted for the cell. 13. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein, to select the first core network or the second core network, the processing circuitry is configured to send non-access stratum (NAS) signaling targeting or configured either for the first core network or the second core network, the NAS signaling conveyed via access stratum (AS) signaling between the wireless device and the RAN. 14. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein, to select the first core network or the second core network, the processing circuitry is configured to send Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling for the RAN, indicating one of the first and second core networks as the selected core network. 15. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein, for selectively configuring the PDCP, the processing circuitry is configured to determine how to set an identity of the wireless device, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 16. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein, for selectively configuring the PDCP, the processing circuitry is configured to determine whether to include Quality-of-Service (QoS) flow Identities (IDs) in PDCP headers sent from the wireless device, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 17. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein, for selectively configuring the PDCP, the processing circuitry is configured to set one or more encryption-related parameters of the PDCP, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 18. The wireless device of claim 17, wherein, for setting the one or more encryption-related parameters, the processing circuitry is configured to determine whether to include one or more encryption-related header fields, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 19. The wireless device of claim 17, wherein, for setting the one or more encryption-related parameters, the processing circuitry is configured to determine whether to perform PDCP-layer encryption using PDCP sequence numbers, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. 20. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein, for selectively configuring the PDCP, the processing circuitry is configured to determine a size to use for PDCP-layer sequence numbers, in dependence on whether the first or the second core network is selected. | 2,800 |
339,362 | 16,800,244 | 2,896 | A yaw braking assembly of a wind turbine is presented. Accordingly, the yaw braking assembly includes a bedplate support frame having an annular flange defining a plurality of recesses formed into a lower-most annular surface of the annular flange and extending at least partially through an axial thickness of the annular flange. Each of the plurality recesses define an open exterior circumferential side. The yaw braking assembly also includes a plurality of brake pads which are positioned within the plurality of recesses and configured to engage at least one race of an adjacent yaw bearing. The yaw braking assembly further includes a plurality of actuators for driving the plurality of brake pads to engage the yaw bearing. | 1. A yaw braking assembly of a wind turbine, the yaw braking assembly comprising:
a yaw bearing; a bedplate support frame comprising an annular flange arranged adjacent to the yaw bearing, the annular flange defining a plurality of recesses formed into a lower-most annular surface of the annular flange and extending at least partially through an axial thickness of the annular flange, each of the plurality of recesses defining an open, exterior circumferential side; a plurality of brake pads positioned within the plurality of recesses, each of the plurality of brake pads configured to engage at least one race of the yaw bearing; and a plurality of actuators for driving the plurality of brake pads to engage the at least one race of the yaw bearing so as to resist a yawing of a nacelle of the wind turbine. 2. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of arm members positioned within a corresponding plurality of holes through the annular flange between the plurality of actuators and the plurality of brake pads, the plurality of arm members being oriented to transfer a force from the plurality of actuators to the plurality of brake pads. 3. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of brake pads has a non-circular shape. 4. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of brake pads has at least one of a polygonal shape, a curvilinear polygonal shape, or rounded-square planform. 5. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of brake pads defines a maximal length and a maximal width, the maximal length being greater than the maximal width. 6. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein each open, exterior circumferential side of the plurality of recesses defines a circumferential length which is greater than a maximal length of the corresponding brake pad. 7. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein only one of the plurality of brake pads is positioned within each of the plurality of recesses. 8. The yaw braking assembly of claim 7, wherein the plurality of recesses and corresponding plurality of brake pads are distributed circumferentially about the annular flange in a plurality of adjacent pair sets. 9. The yaw braking assembly of claim 8, wherein a single actuator is operably coupled to each of the plurality of pair sets. 10. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein the plurality of brake pads are radially aligned with an outer race of the yaw bearing. 11. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a retention bracket secured to the exterior circumferential side, the retention bracket occluding at least one of the circumferential openings. 12. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of brake pads further comprises at least one sensor configured to generate an alert relating to a wear level of one or more of the plurality of brake pads. 13. The yaw braking assembly of claim 12, wherein the at least one sensor comprises a continuity sensor. 14. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein plurality of brake pads are accessible from outside of the bedplate support frame via the corresponding circumferential openings. 15. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of brake pads is formed with at least one extraction feature, the extraction feature being positioned to facilitate the removal of each of the brake pads from the corresponding recesses. 16. A wind turbine, comprising:
a tower; a nacelle mounted atop the tower and comprising a bedplate support frame, the bedplate support frame comprising a bedplate support frame comprising an annular flange, the annular flange defining a plurality of recesses formed into a lower-most annular surface of the annular flange and extending at least partially through an axial thickness of the annular flange, each of the plurality of recesses defining an open, exterior circumferential side, a yaw bearing arranged adjacent to the annular flange; a rotor mounted to the nacelle, the rotor comprising a rotatable hub having one or more rotor blades secured thereto; and a plurality of brake pads positioned within the plurality of recesses, each of the plurality of brake pads configured to engage at least one race of the yaw bearing; and a plurality of actuators for driving the plurality of brake pads to engage the at least one race of the yaw bearing so as to resist a yawing of a nacelle of the wind turbine. 17. The wind turbine of claim 16, wherein each of the plurality of brake pads comprises at least one of a polygonal shape, a curvilinear polygonal shape, or rounded-square planform. 18. The wind turbine of claim 16, wherein each of the plurality of brake pads defines a maximal length and a maximal width, the maximal length being greater than the maximal width. 19. The wind turbine of claim 18, wherein each circumferential opening defines a circumferential length that is greater than the maximal length of a corresponding brake pad of the plurality of brake pads. 20. A method for servicing a yaw braking assembly of a wind turbine, the method comprising:
accessing at least one brake pad of a plurality of brake pads via an open, exterior circumferential side of a recess defined by at least one of a plurality of recesses formed into a lower-most annular surface of an annular flange of a bedplate support frame and extending at least partially through an axial thickness of the annular flange, wherein the lower-most annular surface is disposed adjacent to a yaw bearing of the wind turbine; and passing the at least one brake pad through the open, exterior circumferential side of the recess while retaining a corresponding actuator of a plurality of actuators in an assembled configuration. | A yaw braking assembly of a wind turbine is presented. Accordingly, the yaw braking assembly includes a bedplate support frame having an annular flange defining a plurality of recesses formed into a lower-most annular surface of the annular flange and extending at least partially through an axial thickness of the annular flange. Each of the plurality recesses define an open exterior circumferential side. The yaw braking assembly also includes a plurality of brake pads which are positioned within the plurality of recesses and configured to engage at least one race of an adjacent yaw bearing. The yaw braking assembly further includes a plurality of actuators for driving the plurality of brake pads to engage the yaw bearing.1. A yaw braking assembly of a wind turbine, the yaw braking assembly comprising:
a yaw bearing; a bedplate support frame comprising an annular flange arranged adjacent to the yaw bearing, the annular flange defining a plurality of recesses formed into a lower-most annular surface of the annular flange and extending at least partially through an axial thickness of the annular flange, each of the plurality of recesses defining an open, exterior circumferential side; a plurality of brake pads positioned within the plurality of recesses, each of the plurality of brake pads configured to engage at least one race of the yaw bearing; and a plurality of actuators for driving the plurality of brake pads to engage the at least one race of the yaw bearing so as to resist a yawing of a nacelle of the wind turbine. 2. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of arm members positioned within a corresponding plurality of holes through the annular flange between the plurality of actuators and the plurality of brake pads, the plurality of arm members being oriented to transfer a force from the plurality of actuators to the plurality of brake pads. 3. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of brake pads has a non-circular shape. 4. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of brake pads has at least one of a polygonal shape, a curvilinear polygonal shape, or rounded-square planform. 5. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of brake pads defines a maximal length and a maximal width, the maximal length being greater than the maximal width. 6. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein each open, exterior circumferential side of the plurality of recesses defines a circumferential length which is greater than a maximal length of the corresponding brake pad. 7. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein only one of the plurality of brake pads is positioned within each of the plurality of recesses. 8. The yaw braking assembly of claim 7, wherein the plurality of recesses and corresponding plurality of brake pads are distributed circumferentially about the annular flange in a plurality of adjacent pair sets. 9. The yaw braking assembly of claim 8, wherein a single actuator is operably coupled to each of the plurality of pair sets. 10. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein the plurality of brake pads are radially aligned with an outer race of the yaw bearing. 11. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a retention bracket secured to the exterior circumferential side, the retention bracket occluding at least one of the circumferential openings. 12. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of brake pads further comprises at least one sensor configured to generate an alert relating to a wear level of one or more of the plurality of brake pads. 13. The yaw braking assembly of claim 12, wherein the at least one sensor comprises a continuity sensor. 14. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein plurality of brake pads are accessible from outside of the bedplate support frame via the corresponding circumferential openings. 15. The yaw braking assembly of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of brake pads is formed with at least one extraction feature, the extraction feature being positioned to facilitate the removal of each of the brake pads from the corresponding recesses. 16. A wind turbine, comprising:
a tower; a nacelle mounted atop the tower and comprising a bedplate support frame, the bedplate support frame comprising a bedplate support frame comprising an annular flange, the annular flange defining a plurality of recesses formed into a lower-most annular surface of the annular flange and extending at least partially through an axial thickness of the annular flange, each of the plurality of recesses defining an open, exterior circumferential side, a yaw bearing arranged adjacent to the annular flange; a rotor mounted to the nacelle, the rotor comprising a rotatable hub having one or more rotor blades secured thereto; and a plurality of brake pads positioned within the plurality of recesses, each of the plurality of brake pads configured to engage at least one race of the yaw bearing; and a plurality of actuators for driving the plurality of brake pads to engage the at least one race of the yaw bearing so as to resist a yawing of a nacelle of the wind turbine. 17. The wind turbine of claim 16, wherein each of the plurality of brake pads comprises at least one of a polygonal shape, a curvilinear polygonal shape, or rounded-square planform. 18. The wind turbine of claim 16, wherein each of the plurality of brake pads defines a maximal length and a maximal width, the maximal length being greater than the maximal width. 19. The wind turbine of claim 18, wherein each circumferential opening defines a circumferential length that is greater than the maximal length of a corresponding brake pad of the plurality of brake pads. 20. A method for servicing a yaw braking assembly of a wind turbine, the method comprising:
accessing at least one brake pad of a plurality of brake pads via an open, exterior circumferential side of a recess defined by at least one of a plurality of recesses formed into a lower-most annular surface of an annular flange of a bedplate support frame and extending at least partially through an axial thickness of the annular flange, wherein the lower-most annular surface is disposed adjacent to a yaw bearing of the wind turbine; and passing the at least one brake pad through the open, exterior circumferential side of the recess while retaining a corresponding actuator of a plurality of actuators in an assembled configuration. | 2,800 |
339,363 | 16,800,246 | 2,896 | A semiconductor device structure is provided. The semiconductor device structure includes a first gate structure and a second gate structure formed over a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device structure also includes a first insulating cap structure formed between and adjacent to the first gate structure and the second gate structure. The first insulating cap structure is separated from the semiconductor substrate by a first air gap. The first air gap includes a first portion extending into the first insulating cap structure and a second portion extended from the bottom of the first portion toward the semiconductor substrate. The first portion has a width that is less than the width of the second portion. | 1. A semiconductor device structure, comprising:
a first gate structure and a second gate structure formed over a semiconductor substrate; and a first insulating cap structure formed between and adjacent to the first gate structure and the second gate structure, wherein the first insulating cap structure is separated from the semiconductor substrate by a first air gap, and wherein the first air gap comprises:
a first portion extending into the first insulating cap structure; and
a second portion extended from a bottom of the first portion toward the semiconductor substrate, wherein the first portion has a width that is less than a width of the second portion. 2. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first insulating cap structure comprises:
two spacer portions on a top of the second portion of the first air gap; and a bridged portion between the two spacer portions and on a top of the first portion of the first air gap. 3. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an insulating liner extending along a sidewall of the first gate structure, a sidewall of the second gate structure and a bottom of the second portion of the first air gap. 4. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the first gate structure and the second gate structure comprises:
a gate electrode layer; and two gate spacers formed on opposing sidewalls of the gate electrode layer and extending above the gate electrode layer. 5. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 4, further comprising:
a via structure formed over and electrically connected to the gate electrode layer of the first gate structure; and a second insulating cap structure formed between and adjacent to the gate spacers of the second gate structure, and separated from the gate electrode layer of the second gate structure by a second air gap, wherein the second air gap comprises:
a third portion extending into the second insulating cap structure; and
a fourth portion extended from a bottom of the third portion toward the gate electrode layer of the second gate structure, wherein the third portion has a width that is less than a width of the fourth portion. 6. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a third gate structure formed over the semiconductor substrate, comprising: a gate electrode layer; and two gate spacers formed on opposing sidewalls of the gate electrode layer and extending above the gate electrode layer. 7. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 6, further comprising:
a source/drain contact structure formed between and adjacent to the second gate structure and the third gate structure; a via structure formed over and electrically connected to the source/drain contact structure; and a second insulating cap structure formed between and adjacent to the gate spacers, and separated from the gate electrode layer by a second air gap, wherein the second air gap comprises:
a third portion extending into the second insulating cap structure; and
a fourth portion extended from a bottom of the third portion toward the gate electrode layer of the second gate structure, wherein the third portion has a width that is less than a width of the fourth portion. 8. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 6, further comprising:
a source/drain contact structure formed adjacent to a lower portion of the third gate structure; a second insulating cap structure formed adjacent to an upper portion of the third gate structure and separated from the source/drain contact structure by a second air gap, wherein the second air gap comprises:
a third portion extending into the second insulating cap structure; and
a fourth portion extended from a bottom of the third portion toward the source/drain contact structure, wherein the third portion has a width that is less than a width of the fourth portion. 9. A semiconductor device structure, comprising:
a fin structure extending from a semiconductor substrate; a first gate structure, a second gate structure, and a third gate structure across the fin structure; a first source/drain contact structure formed between and adjacent to the second gate structure and the third gate structure; a second source/drain contact structure separated from the first source/drain contact structure by the third gate structure; and a first insulating cap structure formed between the first gate structure and the second gate structure, wherein the first insulating cap structure is separated from the fin structure by a first inverted T-shaped air gap, and wherein a portion of the first inverted T-shaped air gap is extended into the first insulating cap structure. 10. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 9, further comprising:
a first via structure formed over and electrically connected to a gate electrode layer of the first gate structure; and a second via structure formed over and electrically connected to the first source/drain contact structure. 11. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 10, further comprising:
a second insulating cap structure formed between the first insulating cap structure and the second via structure, wherein the second insulating cap structure is separated from a gate electrode layer of the second gate structure by a second inverted T-shaped air gap, and wherein a portion of the second inverted T-shaped air gap is extended into the second insulating cap structure; a third insulating cap structure separated from the second insulating cap structure by the second via structure and separated from a gate electrode layer of the third gate structure by a third inverted T-shaped air gap, and wherein a portion of the third inverted T-shaped air gap is extended into the third insulating cap structure; and a fourth insulating cap structure separated from the second via structure by the third insulating cap structure and separated from the second source/drain contact structure by a fourth inverted T-shaped air gap, and wherein a portion of the fourth inverted T-shaped air gap is extended into the fourth insulating cap structure. 12. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 11, wherein each of the first insulating cap structure, the second insulating cap structure, the third insulating cap structure, and the fourth insulating cap structure comprises:
two spacer portions separated by a bridged portion, wherein the spacer portions extend below a bottom of the bridged portion. 13. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 12, wherein the spacer portions are made of a material that is different from a material of the bridged portion. 14. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 11, wherein the first inverted T-shaped air gap has a greater height than a height of the second inverted T-shaped air gap, the third inverted T-shaped air gap, or the fourth inverted T-shaped air gap. 15. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 9, further comprising an insulating liner extending along a sidewall of the first gate structure, a sidewall of the second gate structure and a bottom of the first inverted T-shaped air gap. 16-20. (canceled) 21. A semiconductor device structure, comprising:
a first gate electrode formed over a semiconductor substrate and having a first sidewall and a second sidewall opposite to the first sidewall; a first insulating cap structure formed adjacent to the first sidewall of the first gate electrode and separated from the semiconductor substrate by a first inverted T-shaped air gap; and a second insulating cap structure formed adjacent to the second sidewall of the first gate electrode and separated from the semiconductor substrate by a second inverted T-shaped air gap, wherein a height of the second inverted T-shaped air gap is substantially equal to a height of the first inverted T-shaped air gap and greater than a height of the first gate electrode. 22. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 21, further comprising:
a second gate electrode formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the first gate electrode by the first inverted T-shaped air gap; and a third insulating cap structure formed over and separated from the second gate electrode by a third inverted T-shaped air gap, wherein a height of the third inverted T-shaped air gap is less than the height of the first inverted T-shaped air gap. 23. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 21, further comprising:
a second gate electrode formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the first gate electrode by the first inverted T-shaped air gap; and a first insulating cap layer formed over the second gate electrode; and a first conductive cap layer formed between and in direct contact with the second gate electrode and the first insulating cap layer. 24. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 23, further comprising:
a first source/drain conductive structure formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the first inverted T-shaped air gap by the second gate electrode; a third gate electrode formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the second gate electrode by the first source/drain conductive structure; a second source/drain conductive structure formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the first source/drain conductive structure by the third gate electrode; a second insulating cap layer formed over the second source/drain conductive structure; and a second conductive cap layer formed between and in direct contact with the second source/drain conductive structure and the second insulating cap layer. 25. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 23, further comprising:
a first source/drain conductive structure formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the first inverted T-shaped air gap by the second gate electrode; a third gate electrode formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the second gate electrode by the first source/drain conductive structure; a second source/drain conductive structure formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the first source/drain conductive structure by the third gate electrode; and a third insulating cap structure formed over and separated from the second source/drain conductive structure by a third inverted T-shaped air gap, wherein a height of the third inverted T-shaped air gap is less than the height of the first inverted T-shaped air gap. | A semiconductor device structure is provided. The semiconductor device structure includes a first gate structure and a second gate structure formed over a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device structure also includes a first insulating cap structure formed between and adjacent to the first gate structure and the second gate structure. The first insulating cap structure is separated from the semiconductor substrate by a first air gap. The first air gap includes a first portion extending into the first insulating cap structure and a second portion extended from the bottom of the first portion toward the semiconductor substrate. The first portion has a width that is less than the width of the second portion.1. A semiconductor device structure, comprising:
a first gate structure and a second gate structure formed over a semiconductor substrate; and a first insulating cap structure formed between and adjacent to the first gate structure and the second gate structure, wherein the first insulating cap structure is separated from the semiconductor substrate by a first air gap, and wherein the first air gap comprises:
a first portion extending into the first insulating cap structure; and
a second portion extended from a bottom of the first portion toward the semiconductor substrate, wherein the first portion has a width that is less than a width of the second portion. 2. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first insulating cap structure comprises:
two spacer portions on a top of the second portion of the first air gap; and a bridged portion between the two spacer portions and on a top of the first portion of the first air gap. 3. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an insulating liner extending along a sidewall of the first gate structure, a sidewall of the second gate structure and a bottom of the second portion of the first air gap. 4. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the first gate structure and the second gate structure comprises:
a gate electrode layer; and two gate spacers formed on opposing sidewalls of the gate electrode layer and extending above the gate electrode layer. 5. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 4, further comprising:
a via structure formed over and electrically connected to the gate electrode layer of the first gate structure; and a second insulating cap structure formed between and adjacent to the gate spacers of the second gate structure, and separated from the gate electrode layer of the second gate structure by a second air gap, wherein the second air gap comprises:
a third portion extending into the second insulating cap structure; and
a fourth portion extended from a bottom of the third portion toward the gate electrode layer of the second gate structure, wherein the third portion has a width that is less than a width of the fourth portion. 6. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a third gate structure formed over the semiconductor substrate, comprising: a gate electrode layer; and two gate spacers formed on opposing sidewalls of the gate electrode layer and extending above the gate electrode layer. 7. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 6, further comprising:
a source/drain contact structure formed between and adjacent to the second gate structure and the third gate structure; a via structure formed over and electrically connected to the source/drain contact structure; and a second insulating cap structure formed between and adjacent to the gate spacers, and separated from the gate electrode layer by a second air gap, wherein the second air gap comprises:
a third portion extending into the second insulating cap structure; and
a fourth portion extended from a bottom of the third portion toward the gate electrode layer of the second gate structure, wherein the third portion has a width that is less than a width of the fourth portion. 8. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 6, further comprising:
a source/drain contact structure formed adjacent to a lower portion of the third gate structure; a second insulating cap structure formed adjacent to an upper portion of the third gate structure and separated from the source/drain contact structure by a second air gap, wherein the second air gap comprises:
a third portion extending into the second insulating cap structure; and
a fourth portion extended from a bottom of the third portion toward the source/drain contact structure, wherein the third portion has a width that is less than a width of the fourth portion. 9. A semiconductor device structure, comprising:
a fin structure extending from a semiconductor substrate; a first gate structure, a second gate structure, and a third gate structure across the fin structure; a first source/drain contact structure formed between and adjacent to the second gate structure and the third gate structure; a second source/drain contact structure separated from the first source/drain contact structure by the third gate structure; and a first insulating cap structure formed between the first gate structure and the second gate structure, wherein the first insulating cap structure is separated from the fin structure by a first inverted T-shaped air gap, and wherein a portion of the first inverted T-shaped air gap is extended into the first insulating cap structure. 10. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 9, further comprising:
a first via structure formed over and electrically connected to a gate electrode layer of the first gate structure; and a second via structure formed over and electrically connected to the first source/drain contact structure. 11. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 10, further comprising:
a second insulating cap structure formed between the first insulating cap structure and the second via structure, wherein the second insulating cap structure is separated from a gate electrode layer of the second gate structure by a second inverted T-shaped air gap, and wherein a portion of the second inverted T-shaped air gap is extended into the second insulating cap structure; a third insulating cap structure separated from the second insulating cap structure by the second via structure and separated from a gate electrode layer of the third gate structure by a third inverted T-shaped air gap, and wherein a portion of the third inverted T-shaped air gap is extended into the third insulating cap structure; and a fourth insulating cap structure separated from the second via structure by the third insulating cap structure and separated from the second source/drain contact structure by a fourth inverted T-shaped air gap, and wherein a portion of the fourth inverted T-shaped air gap is extended into the fourth insulating cap structure. 12. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 11, wherein each of the first insulating cap structure, the second insulating cap structure, the third insulating cap structure, and the fourth insulating cap structure comprises:
two spacer portions separated by a bridged portion, wherein the spacer portions extend below a bottom of the bridged portion. 13. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 12, wherein the spacer portions are made of a material that is different from a material of the bridged portion. 14. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 11, wherein the first inverted T-shaped air gap has a greater height than a height of the second inverted T-shaped air gap, the third inverted T-shaped air gap, or the fourth inverted T-shaped air gap. 15. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 9, further comprising an insulating liner extending along a sidewall of the first gate structure, a sidewall of the second gate structure and a bottom of the first inverted T-shaped air gap. 16-20. (canceled) 21. A semiconductor device structure, comprising:
a first gate electrode formed over a semiconductor substrate and having a first sidewall and a second sidewall opposite to the first sidewall; a first insulating cap structure formed adjacent to the first sidewall of the first gate electrode and separated from the semiconductor substrate by a first inverted T-shaped air gap; and a second insulating cap structure formed adjacent to the second sidewall of the first gate electrode and separated from the semiconductor substrate by a second inverted T-shaped air gap, wherein a height of the second inverted T-shaped air gap is substantially equal to a height of the first inverted T-shaped air gap and greater than a height of the first gate electrode. 22. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 21, further comprising:
a second gate electrode formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the first gate electrode by the first inverted T-shaped air gap; and a third insulating cap structure formed over and separated from the second gate electrode by a third inverted T-shaped air gap, wherein a height of the third inverted T-shaped air gap is less than the height of the first inverted T-shaped air gap. 23. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 21, further comprising:
a second gate electrode formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the first gate electrode by the first inverted T-shaped air gap; and a first insulating cap layer formed over the second gate electrode; and a first conductive cap layer formed between and in direct contact with the second gate electrode and the first insulating cap layer. 24. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 23, further comprising:
a first source/drain conductive structure formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the first inverted T-shaped air gap by the second gate electrode; a third gate electrode formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the second gate electrode by the first source/drain conductive structure; a second source/drain conductive structure formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the first source/drain conductive structure by the third gate electrode; a second insulating cap layer formed over the second source/drain conductive structure; and a second conductive cap layer formed between and in direct contact with the second source/drain conductive structure and the second insulating cap layer. 25. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 23, further comprising:
a first source/drain conductive structure formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the first inverted T-shaped air gap by the second gate electrode; a third gate electrode formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the second gate electrode by the first source/drain conductive structure; a second source/drain conductive structure formed over the semiconductor substrate and separated from the first source/drain conductive structure by the third gate electrode; and a third insulating cap structure formed over and separated from the second source/drain conductive structure by a third inverted T-shaped air gap, wherein a height of the third inverted T-shaped air gap is less than the height of the first inverted T-shaped air gap. | 2,800 |
339,364 | 16,800,233 | 2,896 | A user equipment (UE) may transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a component carrier (CC) that is otherwise configured for downlink communications. Due to a carrier aggregation configuration or UE capability, the UE may need to retune certain components to transmit on the CC. If the SRS transmission, including the retuning time, collides with another transmission the UE may drop the SRS, drop the other transmission, or puncture the other transmission to facilitate the SRS transmission. The determination about a collision may depend on the retuning time, channel, or type of control information in the other transmission. In some cases, a UE may drop the other transmission if transmitting the SRS would prevent the UE from transmitting a demodulation reference signal, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback. In some cases, the determination may be based upon a prioritization and may also depend on a subsequent subframe. | 1. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
identifying a capability of a user equipment (UE) to transmit on a first carrier of a carrier aggregation (CA) configuration and a second carrier of the CA configuration, wherein the capability comprises a retuning time of the UE for switching between carriers; determining whether a collision could occur in a subframe between a communication on the first carrier and a sounding reference signal (SRS) on the second carrier based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE; and transmitting the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, during the subframe based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting an indication from the UE to a base station of the retuning time of the UE. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the retuning time of the UE represents an amount of time it would take the UE to switch from the first carrier to the second carrier to transmit the SRS. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier comprises:
dropping the SRS based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmitting the communication on the first carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier comprises:
dropping the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmitting the SRS on the second carrier. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
puncturing the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
performing rate matching on the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the puncturing. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the retuning time corresponds to a number of symbol periods, and wherein the communication on the first carrier is dropped when the number of symbol periods exceeds a predetermined threshold. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, the method further comprising:
dropping the SRS when the collision involves symbols of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or puncturing the PUSCH transmission when the collision does not involve symbols of the DMRS. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, the method further comprising:
dropping the SRS when the PUSCH communication comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback and the collision involves symbols of the HARQ feedback. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on a content of the communication, a channel type, a cyclic prefix length, or any combination thereof. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on a radio resource control (RRC) configuration or an enhanced interference mitigation and traffic adaptation (eIMTA) configuration. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication and the SRS are in a same subframe. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a retuning time threshold, and determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on the retuning time threshold. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that a retuning time of the UE would collide with a demodulation reference signal, and determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both based at least in part on the determination. 16. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled with the processor, wherein the memory includes instructions executable by the processor to cause a user equipment (UE) to: identify a capability of the UE to transmit on a first carrier of a carrier aggregation (CA) configuration and a second carrier of the CA configuration, wherein the capability comprises a retuning time of the UE for switching between carriers; determine whether a collision could occur in a subframe between a communication on the first carrier and a sounding reference signal (SRS) on the second carrier based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE; and transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, during the subframe based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
transmit an indication from the UE to a base station of the retuning time of the UE. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the retuning time of the UE represents an amount of time it would take the UE to switch from the first carrier to the second carrier to transmit the SRS. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the SRS based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmit the communication on the first carrier. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmit the SRS on the second carrier. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
puncture the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
perform rate matching on the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the puncture of the communication. 23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the retuning time corresponds to a number of symbol periods, and wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to drop the communication on the first carrier when the number of symbol periods exceeds a predetermined threshold. 24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the SRS when the collision involves symbols of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or puncture the PUSCH transmission when the collision does not involve symbols of the DMRS. 25. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the SRS when the PUSCH communication comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback and the collision involves symbols of the HARQ feedback. 26. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both based at least in part on a content of the communication, a channel type, a cyclic prefix length, or any combination thereof. 27. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on a radio resource control (RRC) configuration or an enhanced interference mitigation and traffic adaptation (eIMTA) configuration. 28. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the communication and the SRS are in a same subframe. 29. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
identify a retuning time threshold, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on the retuning time threshold. 30. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
determine that a retuning time of the UE would collide with a demodulation reference signal, and determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on the determination. | A user equipment (UE) may transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a component carrier (CC) that is otherwise configured for downlink communications. Due to a carrier aggregation configuration or UE capability, the UE may need to retune certain components to transmit on the CC. If the SRS transmission, including the retuning time, collides with another transmission the UE may drop the SRS, drop the other transmission, or puncture the other transmission to facilitate the SRS transmission. The determination about a collision may depend on the retuning time, channel, or type of control information in the other transmission. In some cases, a UE may drop the other transmission if transmitting the SRS would prevent the UE from transmitting a demodulation reference signal, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback. In some cases, the determination may be based upon a prioritization and may also depend on a subsequent subframe.1. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
identifying a capability of a user equipment (UE) to transmit on a first carrier of a carrier aggregation (CA) configuration and a second carrier of the CA configuration, wherein the capability comprises a retuning time of the UE for switching between carriers; determining whether a collision could occur in a subframe between a communication on the first carrier and a sounding reference signal (SRS) on the second carrier based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE; and transmitting the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, during the subframe based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting an indication from the UE to a base station of the retuning time of the UE. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the retuning time of the UE represents an amount of time it would take the UE to switch from the first carrier to the second carrier to transmit the SRS. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier comprises:
dropping the SRS based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmitting the communication on the first carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier comprises:
dropping the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmitting the SRS on the second carrier. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
puncturing the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
performing rate matching on the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the puncturing. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the retuning time corresponds to a number of symbol periods, and wherein the communication on the first carrier is dropped when the number of symbol periods exceeds a predetermined threshold. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, the method further comprising:
dropping the SRS when the collision involves symbols of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or puncturing the PUSCH transmission when the collision does not involve symbols of the DMRS. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, the method further comprising:
dropping the SRS when the PUSCH communication comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback and the collision involves symbols of the HARQ feedback. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on a content of the communication, a channel type, a cyclic prefix length, or any combination thereof. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on a radio resource control (RRC) configuration or an enhanced interference mitigation and traffic adaptation (eIMTA) configuration. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication and the SRS are in a same subframe. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a retuning time threshold, and determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on the retuning time threshold. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that a retuning time of the UE would collide with a demodulation reference signal, and determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both based at least in part on the determination. 16. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled with the processor, wherein the memory includes instructions executable by the processor to cause a user equipment (UE) to: identify a capability of the UE to transmit on a first carrier of a carrier aggregation (CA) configuration and a second carrier of the CA configuration, wherein the capability comprises a retuning time of the UE for switching between carriers; determine whether a collision could occur in a subframe between a communication on the first carrier and a sounding reference signal (SRS) on the second carrier based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE; and transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, during the subframe based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
transmit an indication from the UE to a base station of the retuning time of the UE. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the retuning time of the UE represents an amount of time it would take the UE to switch from the first carrier to the second carrier to transmit the SRS. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the SRS based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmit the communication on the first carrier. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmit the SRS on the second carrier. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
puncture the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
perform rate matching on the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the puncture of the communication. 23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the retuning time corresponds to a number of symbol periods, and wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to drop the communication on the first carrier when the number of symbol periods exceeds a predetermined threshold. 24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the SRS when the collision involves symbols of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or puncture the PUSCH transmission when the collision does not involve symbols of the DMRS. 25. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the SRS when the PUSCH communication comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback and the collision involves symbols of the HARQ feedback. 26. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both based at least in part on a content of the communication, a channel type, a cyclic prefix length, or any combination thereof. 27. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on a radio resource control (RRC) configuration or an enhanced interference mitigation and traffic adaptation (eIMTA) configuration. 28. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the communication and the SRS are in a same subframe. 29. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
identify a retuning time threshold, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on the retuning time threshold. 30. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
determine that a retuning time of the UE would collide with a demodulation reference signal, and determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on the determination. | 2,800 |
339,365 | 16,800,227 | 2,896 | A user equipment (UE) may transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a component carrier (CC) that is otherwise configured for downlink communications. Due to a carrier aggregation configuration or UE capability, the UE may need to retune certain components to transmit on the CC. If the SRS transmission, including the retuning time, collides with another transmission the UE may drop the SRS, drop the other transmission, or puncture the other transmission to facilitate the SRS transmission. The determination about a collision may depend on the retuning time, channel, or type of control information in the other transmission. In some cases, a UE may drop the other transmission if transmitting the SRS would prevent the UE from transmitting a demodulation reference signal, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback. In some cases, the determination may be based upon a prioritization and may also depend on a subsequent subframe. | 1. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
identifying a capability of a user equipment (UE) to transmit on a first carrier of a carrier aggregation (CA) configuration and a second carrier of the CA configuration, wherein the capability comprises a retuning time of the UE for switching between carriers; determining whether a collision could occur in a subframe between a communication on the first carrier and a sounding reference signal (SRS) on the second carrier based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE; and transmitting the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, during the subframe based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting an indication from the UE to a base station of the retuning time of the UE. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the retuning time of the UE represents an amount of time it would take the UE to switch from the first carrier to the second carrier to transmit the SRS. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier comprises:
dropping the SRS based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmitting the communication on the first carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier comprises:
dropping the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmitting the SRS on the second carrier. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
puncturing the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
performing rate matching on the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the puncturing. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the retuning time corresponds to a number of symbol periods, and wherein the communication on the first carrier is dropped when the number of symbol periods exceeds a predetermined threshold. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, the method further comprising:
dropping the SRS when the collision involves symbols of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or puncturing the PUSCH transmission when the collision does not involve symbols of the DMRS. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, the method further comprising:
dropping the SRS when the PUSCH communication comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback and the collision involves symbols of the HARQ feedback. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on a content of the communication, a channel type, a cyclic prefix length, or any combination thereof. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on a radio resource control (RRC) configuration or an enhanced interference mitigation and traffic adaptation (eIMTA) configuration. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication and the SRS are in a same subframe. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a retuning time threshold, and determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on the retuning time threshold. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that a retuning time of the UE would collide with a demodulation reference signal, and determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both based at least in part on the determination. 16. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled with the processor, wherein the memory includes instructions executable by the processor to cause a user equipment (UE) to: identify a capability of the UE to transmit on a first carrier of a carrier aggregation (CA) configuration and a second carrier of the CA configuration, wherein the capability comprises a retuning time of the UE for switching between carriers; determine whether a collision could occur in a subframe between a communication on the first carrier and a sounding reference signal (SRS) on the second carrier based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE; and transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, during the subframe based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
transmit an indication from the UE to a base station of the retuning time of the UE. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the retuning time of the UE represents an amount of time it would take the UE to switch from the first carrier to the second carrier to transmit the SRS. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the SRS based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmit the communication on the first carrier. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmit the SRS on the second carrier. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
puncture the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
perform rate matching on the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the puncture of the communication. 23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the retuning time corresponds to a number of symbol periods, and wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to drop the communication on the first carrier when the number of symbol periods exceeds a predetermined threshold. 24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the SRS when the collision involves symbols of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or puncture the PUSCH transmission when the collision does not involve symbols of the DMRS. 25. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the SRS when the PUSCH communication comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback and the collision involves symbols of the HARQ feedback. 26. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both based at least in part on a content of the communication, a channel type, a cyclic prefix length, or any combination thereof. 27. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on a radio resource control (RRC) configuration or an enhanced interference mitigation and traffic adaptation (eIMTA) configuration. 28. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the communication and the SRS are in a same subframe. 29. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
identify a retuning time threshold, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on the retuning time threshold. 30. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
determine that a retuning time of the UE would collide with a demodulation reference signal, and determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on the determination. | A user equipment (UE) may transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) on a component carrier (CC) that is otherwise configured for downlink communications. Due to a carrier aggregation configuration or UE capability, the UE may need to retune certain components to transmit on the CC. If the SRS transmission, including the retuning time, collides with another transmission the UE may drop the SRS, drop the other transmission, or puncture the other transmission to facilitate the SRS transmission. The determination about a collision may depend on the retuning time, channel, or type of control information in the other transmission. In some cases, a UE may drop the other transmission if transmitting the SRS would prevent the UE from transmitting a demodulation reference signal, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback. In some cases, the determination may be based upon a prioritization and may also depend on a subsequent subframe.1. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
identifying a capability of a user equipment (UE) to transmit on a first carrier of a carrier aggregation (CA) configuration and a second carrier of the CA configuration, wherein the capability comprises a retuning time of the UE for switching between carriers; determining whether a collision could occur in a subframe between a communication on the first carrier and a sounding reference signal (SRS) on the second carrier based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE; and transmitting the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, during the subframe based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting an indication from the UE to a base station of the retuning time of the UE. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the retuning time of the UE represents an amount of time it would take the UE to switch from the first carrier to the second carrier to transmit the SRS. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier comprises:
dropping the SRS based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmitting the communication on the first carrier. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier comprises:
dropping the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmitting the SRS on the second carrier. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
puncturing the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
performing rate matching on the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the puncturing. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the retuning time corresponds to a number of symbol periods, and wherein the communication on the first carrier is dropped when the number of symbol periods exceeds a predetermined threshold. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, the method further comprising:
dropping the SRS when the collision involves symbols of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or puncturing the PUSCH transmission when the collision does not involve symbols of the DMRS. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, the method further comprising:
dropping the SRS when the PUSCH communication comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback and the collision involves symbols of the HARQ feedback. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on a content of the communication, a channel type, a cyclic prefix length, or any combination thereof. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on a radio resource control (RRC) configuration or an enhanced interference mitigation and traffic adaptation (eIMTA) configuration. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication and the SRS are in a same subframe. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a retuning time threshold, and determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on the retuning time threshold. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that a retuning time of the UE would collide with a demodulation reference signal, and determining whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both based at least in part on the determination. 16. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor; and memory coupled with the processor, wherein the memory includes instructions executable by the processor to cause a user equipment (UE) to: identify a capability of the UE to transmit on a first carrier of a carrier aggregation (CA) configuration and a second carrier of the CA configuration, wherein the capability comprises a retuning time of the UE for switching between carriers; determine whether a collision could occur in a subframe between a communication on the first carrier and a sounding reference signal (SRS) on the second carrier based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE; and transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, during the subframe based at least in part on the retuning time of the UE. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
transmit an indication from the UE to a base station of the retuning time of the UE. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the retuning time of the UE represents an amount of time it would take the UE to switch from the first carrier to the second carrier to transmit the SRS. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the SRS based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmit the communication on the first carrier. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE, and transmit the SRS on the second carrier. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
puncture the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the capability of the UE. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
perform rate matching on the communication on the first carrier based at least in part on the puncture of the communication. 23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the retuning time corresponds to a number of symbol periods, and wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to drop the communication on the first carrier when the number of symbol periods exceeds a predetermined threshold. 24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the SRS when the collision involves symbols of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or puncture the PUSCH transmission when the collision does not involve symbols of the DMRS. 25. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the communication on the first carrier comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
drop the SRS when the PUSCH communication comprises hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback and the collision involves symbols of the HARQ feedback. 26. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both based at least in part on a content of the communication, a channel type, a cyclic prefix length, or any combination thereof. 27. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on a radio resource control (RRC) configuration or an enhanced interference mitigation and traffic adaptation (eIMTA) configuration. 28. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the communication and the SRS are in a same subframe. 29. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
identify a retuning time threshold, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on the retuning time threshold. 30. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
determine that a retuning time of the UE would collide with a demodulation reference signal, and determine whether to transmit the communication on the first carrier or the SRS on the second carrier, or both, based at least in part on the determination. | 2,800 |
339,366 | 16,800,254 | 2,896 | A connector (10) is to be connected to an end part of a cable (90). The cable (90) is formed by covering outer peripheries of at least two twisted wires (91) by an outer coating (92). The connector includes a conductive tubular portion (32) and an outer housing (60). The wires (91) are inserted into the tubular portion (32). The tubular portion (32) includes a suppressing portion (35) having an outer surface recessed from an outer surface of the tubular portion (32) and an inner surface projecting further toward the wires (91) than an inner surface of the tubular portion (32). The outer housing (60) includes an accommodating portion (62) for accommodating the tubular portion (32). The accommodating portion (62) includes a locking portion (66) to be fit into a recessed part of the suppressing portion (35) in an intersecting direction intersecting a withdrawing direction of the tubular portion (32). | 1. A connector (10) to be connected to an end part of a cable (90), wherein:
the cable (90) is formed by covering outer peripheries of at least two twisted wires (91) by an outer coating (92), the connector (10) comprises a conductive tubular portion (32) and an outer housing (60), the at least two wires (91) exposed from the outer coating (92) and untwisted are inserted into the tubular portion (32), the tubular portion (32) includes a suppressing portion (35) having an outer surface (35U) recessed from an outer surface (32A) of the tubular portion (32) and an inner surface projecting farther toward the wires (91) than an inner surface of the tubular portion (32), the outer housing (60) includes an accommodating portion (62) for accommodating the tubular portion (32), and the accommodating portion (62) includes a locking portion (66) fit in a recessed part of the suppressing portion (35) in an direction intersecting a withdrawing direction of the tubular portion (32) with the tubular portion (32) accommodated in the accommodating portion (62). 2. The connector (10) of claim 1, further comprising an inner housing (20), wherein:
end parts of the untwisted wires (91) are accommodated in the inner housing (20), the inner housing (20) is accommodatable in the tubular portion (32), and the suppressing portion (35) is arranged between the inner housing (20) and the outer coating (92). 3. The connector of claim 2, wherein:
the wires (91) are drawn out rearward from the inner housing (20), and the suppressing portion (35) is lockable to an end part of the inner housing (20) on a side, toward which the wires (91) are drawn out, in a draw-out direction of the wires (91) with the inner housing (20) accommodated in the tubular portion (32). 4. The connector of claim 3, wherein a part of the locking portion (66) fit in the recessed part is set to have a length in the withdrawing direction of the tubular portion (32) larger than a length in the intersecting direction. 5. The connector of claim 1, wherein a part of the locking portion (66) fit in the recessed part is set to have a length in the withdrawing direction of the tubular portion (32) larger than a length in the intersecting direction. | A connector (10) is to be connected to an end part of a cable (90). The cable (90) is formed by covering outer peripheries of at least two twisted wires (91) by an outer coating (92). The connector includes a conductive tubular portion (32) and an outer housing (60). The wires (91) are inserted into the tubular portion (32). The tubular portion (32) includes a suppressing portion (35) having an outer surface recessed from an outer surface of the tubular portion (32) and an inner surface projecting further toward the wires (91) than an inner surface of the tubular portion (32). The outer housing (60) includes an accommodating portion (62) for accommodating the tubular portion (32). The accommodating portion (62) includes a locking portion (66) to be fit into a recessed part of the suppressing portion (35) in an intersecting direction intersecting a withdrawing direction of the tubular portion (32).1. A connector (10) to be connected to an end part of a cable (90), wherein:
the cable (90) is formed by covering outer peripheries of at least two twisted wires (91) by an outer coating (92), the connector (10) comprises a conductive tubular portion (32) and an outer housing (60), the at least two wires (91) exposed from the outer coating (92) and untwisted are inserted into the tubular portion (32), the tubular portion (32) includes a suppressing portion (35) having an outer surface (35U) recessed from an outer surface (32A) of the tubular portion (32) and an inner surface projecting farther toward the wires (91) than an inner surface of the tubular portion (32), the outer housing (60) includes an accommodating portion (62) for accommodating the tubular portion (32), and the accommodating portion (62) includes a locking portion (66) fit in a recessed part of the suppressing portion (35) in an direction intersecting a withdrawing direction of the tubular portion (32) with the tubular portion (32) accommodated in the accommodating portion (62). 2. The connector (10) of claim 1, further comprising an inner housing (20), wherein:
end parts of the untwisted wires (91) are accommodated in the inner housing (20), the inner housing (20) is accommodatable in the tubular portion (32), and the suppressing portion (35) is arranged between the inner housing (20) and the outer coating (92). 3. The connector of claim 2, wherein:
the wires (91) are drawn out rearward from the inner housing (20), and the suppressing portion (35) is lockable to an end part of the inner housing (20) on a side, toward which the wires (91) are drawn out, in a draw-out direction of the wires (91) with the inner housing (20) accommodated in the tubular portion (32). 4. The connector of claim 3, wherein a part of the locking portion (66) fit in the recessed part is set to have a length in the withdrawing direction of the tubular portion (32) larger than a length in the intersecting direction. 5. The connector of claim 1, wherein a part of the locking portion (66) fit in the recessed part is set to have a length in the withdrawing direction of the tubular portion (32) larger than a length in the intersecting direction. | 2,800 |
339,367 | 16,800,243 | 2,896 | A battery charging management system includes a plurality of sockets combinable with a plurality of devices onto which a plurality of battery packs are mounted; a binding controller configured to receive state information of the plurality of battery packs from the plurality of devices, determine a priority of the plurality of devices to be allocated to the plurality of sockets according to a charging strategy selected based on the state information, and allocate one of the plurality of sockets to one of the plurality of devices or releasing the allocating; a charging controller configured to control charging of the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices electrically connected to a charging circuit based on the state information received by the binding controller; and a distributor configured to switch an electrical connection between the charging circuit and the plurality of battery packs. | 1. A battery charging management system with respect to a plurality of battery packs, the battery charging management system comprising:
a plurality of sockets combinable with a plurality of devices onto which the plurality of battery packs are mounted; a binding controller configured to receive state information of the plurality of battery packs from the plurality of devices onto which the plurality of battery packs are mounted, determine a priority of the plurality of devices to be allocated to the plurality of sockets according to a charging strategy selected based on the state information, and allocate one of the plurality of sockets to one of the plurality of devices or releasing the allocating; a charging controller configured to control charging of the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices electrically connected to a charging circuit based on the state information received by the binding controller; and a distributor configured to switch an electrical connection between the charging circuit and the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices under control of the charging controller. 2. The battery charging management system of claim 1,
wherein the binding controller is configured to generate a control signal such that the battery charging management system generates a visual or audio signal, or to generate a control signal for controlling a robot that binds the plurality of devices to the plurality of sockets, when allocating the plurality of sockets or releasing the allocating. 3. The battery charging management system of claim 1,
wherein the charging strategy is to charge the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices in descending order of state of charge (SoC) values. 4. The battery charging management system of claim 3,
wherein the distributor is configured to switch an electrical connection such that a battery pack of a next order is charged according to the charging strategy among the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices if a charging power of a charging circuit is smaller than a maximum use power. 5. The battery charging management system of claim 1,
wherein the charging strategy is to charge the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices in ascending order of SoC values. 6. The battery charging management system of claim 5,
wherein the distributor is configured to switch an electrical connection such that a battery pack of a next order is charged according to the charging strategy among the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices if a charging power of a charging circuit is smaller than a maximum use power. 7. The battery charging management system of claim 1,
wherein the state information of the plurality of battery packs comprises one or more pieces of information among state of charge (SoC) information, state of health (SoH) information, current voltage information of the plurality of battery packs, charging current information of the plurality of battery packs, and discharge current information of the plurality of battery packs, which are collected from the plurality of battery packs by a battery management system (BMS) mounted onto the plurality of battery packs. 8. The battery charging management system of claim 7,
wherein the binding controller is configured to receive the state information from the plurality of devices using a wireless communication module. 9. The battery charging management system of claim 8,
wherein the binding controller is configured to determine the priority for a device that enters a charging standby mode among the plurality of devices. 10. The battery charging management system of claim 9,
wherein if there are sockets that are not connected to the plurality of devices among the plurality of sockets, and a current use power of the charging circuit is within a maximum use power, the binding controller is configured to allocate one of the sockets that are not connected to the plurality of devices to the device that enters the charging standby mode. 11. The battery charging management system of claim 1,
wherein the charging controller is configured to limit a charging power of the charging circuit such that the charging power of the charging circuit does not exceed a maximum use power. 12. The battery charging management system of claim 1,
wherein the plurality of devices are one of the plurality of battery packs onto which a BMS is mounted, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and electrically driven mobilities. 13. A battery charging management method performed by a computing device with respect to a plurality of battery packs, the battery charging management method comprising:
receiving state information of a plurality of battery packs from a plurality of devices onto which the plurality of battery packs are mounted; determining a priority of the plurality of devices to allocate the plurality of sockets according to a charging strategy selected based on the state information; allocating the plurality of sockets to the plurality of devices according to the priority; controlling charging of the plurality of battery packs according to the charging strategy if the plurality of sockets are electrically connected to the plurality of devices; and releasing the allocating of the plurality of sockets if the charging is completed. 14. The battery charging management method of claim 13,
wherein the charging strategy charges the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices in ascending order of state of charge (SoC) values. 15. The battery charging management method of claim 14,
wherein an electrical connection is switched such that a battery pack of a next order is charged according to the charging strategy among the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices if a charging power of a charging circuit is smaller than maximum use power. 16. The battery charging management method of claim 13,
wherein the charging strategy charges the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices in descending order of SoC values. 17. The battery charging management method of claim 16,
wherein an electrical connection is switched such that a battery pack of a next order is charged according to the charging strategy among the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices if a charging power of a charging circuit is smaller than a maximum use power. 18. The battery charging management method of claim 13,
wherein the state information of the plurality of battery packs comprises one or more information among state of charge (SoC) information, state of health (SoH), current voltage information of the plurality of battery packs, charging current information of the plurality of battery packs, and discharge current information of the plurality of battery packs that are collected from the plurality of battery packs by a battery management system (BMS) mounted onto the plurality of battery packs. 19. The battery charging management method of claim 17,
wherein the state information is received from the plurality of devices using a wireless communication module, and wherein the priority is determined for a device that enters a charging standby mode among the plurality of devices. 20. A battery charging management method performed by a computing device with respect to a plurality of battery packs, the battery charging management method comprising:
searching for a device that enters a charging standby mode; if the device that enters the charging standby mode is found, determining whether there is an available socket; if there is the available socket, determining whether a current use power of a charging circuit is within a maximum use power; and if the current use power of the charging circuit is within the maximum use power, allocating the device that enters the charging standby mode to the available socket. | A battery charging management system includes a plurality of sockets combinable with a plurality of devices onto which a plurality of battery packs are mounted; a binding controller configured to receive state information of the plurality of battery packs from the plurality of devices, determine a priority of the plurality of devices to be allocated to the plurality of sockets according to a charging strategy selected based on the state information, and allocate one of the plurality of sockets to one of the plurality of devices or releasing the allocating; a charging controller configured to control charging of the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices electrically connected to a charging circuit based on the state information received by the binding controller; and a distributor configured to switch an electrical connection between the charging circuit and the plurality of battery packs.1. A battery charging management system with respect to a plurality of battery packs, the battery charging management system comprising:
a plurality of sockets combinable with a plurality of devices onto which the plurality of battery packs are mounted; a binding controller configured to receive state information of the plurality of battery packs from the plurality of devices onto which the plurality of battery packs are mounted, determine a priority of the plurality of devices to be allocated to the plurality of sockets according to a charging strategy selected based on the state information, and allocate one of the plurality of sockets to one of the plurality of devices or releasing the allocating; a charging controller configured to control charging of the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices electrically connected to a charging circuit based on the state information received by the binding controller; and a distributor configured to switch an electrical connection between the charging circuit and the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices under control of the charging controller. 2. The battery charging management system of claim 1,
wherein the binding controller is configured to generate a control signal such that the battery charging management system generates a visual or audio signal, or to generate a control signal for controlling a robot that binds the plurality of devices to the plurality of sockets, when allocating the plurality of sockets or releasing the allocating. 3. The battery charging management system of claim 1,
wherein the charging strategy is to charge the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices in descending order of state of charge (SoC) values. 4. The battery charging management system of claim 3,
wherein the distributor is configured to switch an electrical connection such that a battery pack of a next order is charged according to the charging strategy among the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices if a charging power of a charging circuit is smaller than a maximum use power. 5. The battery charging management system of claim 1,
wherein the charging strategy is to charge the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices in ascending order of SoC values. 6. The battery charging management system of claim 5,
wherein the distributor is configured to switch an electrical connection such that a battery pack of a next order is charged according to the charging strategy among the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices if a charging power of a charging circuit is smaller than a maximum use power. 7. The battery charging management system of claim 1,
wherein the state information of the plurality of battery packs comprises one or more pieces of information among state of charge (SoC) information, state of health (SoH) information, current voltage information of the plurality of battery packs, charging current information of the plurality of battery packs, and discharge current information of the plurality of battery packs, which are collected from the plurality of battery packs by a battery management system (BMS) mounted onto the plurality of battery packs. 8. The battery charging management system of claim 7,
wherein the binding controller is configured to receive the state information from the plurality of devices using a wireless communication module. 9. The battery charging management system of claim 8,
wherein the binding controller is configured to determine the priority for a device that enters a charging standby mode among the plurality of devices. 10. The battery charging management system of claim 9,
wherein if there are sockets that are not connected to the plurality of devices among the plurality of sockets, and a current use power of the charging circuit is within a maximum use power, the binding controller is configured to allocate one of the sockets that are not connected to the plurality of devices to the device that enters the charging standby mode. 11. The battery charging management system of claim 1,
wherein the charging controller is configured to limit a charging power of the charging circuit such that the charging power of the charging circuit does not exceed a maximum use power. 12. The battery charging management system of claim 1,
wherein the plurality of devices are one of the plurality of battery packs onto which a BMS is mounted, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and electrically driven mobilities. 13. A battery charging management method performed by a computing device with respect to a plurality of battery packs, the battery charging management method comprising:
receiving state information of a plurality of battery packs from a plurality of devices onto which the plurality of battery packs are mounted; determining a priority of the plurality of devices to allocate the plurality of sockets according to a charging strategy selected based on the state information; allocating the plurality of sockets to the plurality of devices according to the priority; controlling charging of the plurality of battery packs according to the charging strategy if the plurality of sockets are electrically connected to the plurality of devices; and releasing the allocating of the plurality of sockets if the charging is completed. 14. The battery charging management method of claim 13,
wherein the charging strategy charges the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices in ascending order of state of charge (SoC) values. 15. The battery charging management method of claim 14,
wherein an electrical connection is switched such that a battery pack of a next order is charged according to the charging strategy among the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices if a charging power of a charging circuit is smaller than maximum use power. 16. The battery charging management method of claim 13,
wherein the charging strategy charges the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices in descending order of SoC values. 17. The battery charging management method of claim 16,
wherein an electrical connection is switched such that a battery pack of a next order is charged according to the charging strategy among the plurality of battery packs of the plurality of devices if a charging power of a charging circuit is smaller than a maximum use power. 18. The battery charging management method of claim 13,
wherein the state information of the plurality of battery packs comprises one or more information among state of charge (SoC) information, state of health (SoH), current voltage information of the plurality of battery packs, charging current information of the plurality of battery packs, and discharge current information of the plurality of battery packs that are collected from the plurality of battery packs by a battery management system (BMS) mounted onto the plurality of battery packs. 19. The battery charging management method of claim 17,
wherein the state information is received from the plurality of devices using a wireless communication module, and wherein the priority is determined for a device that enters a charging standby mode among the plurality of devices. 20. A battery charging management method performed by a computing device with respect to a plurality of battery packs, the battery charging management method comprising:
searching for a device that enters a charging standby mode; if the device that enters the charging standby mode is found, determining whether there is an available socket; if there is the available socket, determining whether a current use power of a charging circuit is within a maximum use power; and if the current use power of the charging circuit is within the maximum use power, allocating the device that enters the charging standby mode to the available socket. | 2,800 |
339,368 | 16,800,272 | 2,896 | A semiconductor device and methods for forming the same are provided. The method includes providing a substrate having a first conductive type, forming an epitaxial layer having the first conductive type on the substrate, forming a trench in the epitaxial layer, forming a first insulating layer in the trench and on the top surface of the epitaxial layer, forming a shield electrode and a mask layer on the first insulating layer in order, using the mask layer to remove a portion of the first insulating layer, wherein the top surface of the first insulating layer is higher than the top surface of the shield electrode after removing the portion of the first insulating layer, removing the mask layer, forming a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer and the shield electrode, and forming a gate electrode on the second insulating layer. | 1. A method for forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate having a first conductive type; forming an epitaxial layer having the first conductive type on the substrate; forming a trench in the epitaxial layer; forming a first insulating layer in the trench and on a top surface of the epitaxial layer; forming a shield electrode and a mask layer on the first insulating layer in order; using the mask layer to remove a portion of the first insulating layer, wherein a top surface of the first insulating layer is higher than a top surface of the shield electrode after removing the portion of the first insulating layer; removing the mask layer; forming a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer and the shield electrode; forming a gate electrode on the second insulating layer; forming a well region having a second conductive type in the epitaxial layer, wherein the second conductive type is different from the first conductive type; and forming a heavily doped region having the first conductive type in the well region. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the shield electrode and the mask layer comprises:
filling the shield electrode in the lower portion of the trench; forming a mask material layer on the shield electrode, wherein the mask material layer completely fills the trench; and removing a portion of the mask material layer to form the mask layer, and a remaining space of the trench is kept on the mask layer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the mask layer is smaller than the thickness of the shield electrode. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the epitaxial layer in the trench is exposed after removing the portion of the first insulating layer. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the first insulating layer includes a portion of the first insulating layer on the top surface of the epitaxial layer and an upper portion of the first insulating layer in the trench. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the shield electrode and the mask layer are surrounded by the first insulating layer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second insulating layer forms a U-shaped upper surface on the first insulating layer and the shield electrode. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the second insulating layer forms a stepped upper surface on the first insulating layer and the shield electrode, and a first portion of the second insulating layer on the first insulating layer is higher than a second portion of the second insulating layer on the shield electrode. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first insulating layer is greater than the thickness of the second insulating layer. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a third insulating layer on the gate electrode; and forming a first metal layer and a second metal layer on the third insulating layer, wherein the first metal layer is electrically connected to the heavily doped region, and the second metal layer is electrically connected to the gate electrode and the shield electrode. | A semiconductor device and methods for forming the same are provided. The method includes providing a substrate having a first conductive type, forming an epitaxial layer having the first conductive type on the substrate, forming a trench in the epitaxial layer, forming a first insulating layer in the trench and on the top surface of the epitaxial layer, forming a shield electrode and a mask layer on the first insulating layer in order, using the mask layer to remove a portion of the first insulating layer, wherein the top surface of the first insulating layer is higher than the top surface of the shield electrode after removing the portion of the first insulating layer, removing the mask layer, forming a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer and the shield electrode, and forming a gate electrode on the second insulating layer.1. A method for forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate having a first conductive type; forming an epitaxial layer having the first conductive type on the substrate; forming a trench in the epitaxial layer; forming a first insulating layer in the trench and on a top surface of the epitaxial layer; forming a shield electrode and a mask layer on the first insulating layer in order; using the mask layer to remove a portion of the first insulating layer, wherein a top surface of the first insulating layer is higher than a top surface of the shield electrode after removing the portion of the first insulating layer; removing the mask layer; forming a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer and the shield electrode; forming a gate electrode on the second insulating layer; forming a well region having a second conductive type in the epitaxial layer, wherein the second conductive type is different from the first conductive type; and forming a heavily doped region having the first conductive type in the well region. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the shield electrode and the mask layer comprises:
filling the shield electrode in the lower portion of the trench; forming a mask material layer on the shield electrode, wherein the mask material layer completely fills the trench; and removing a portion of the mask material layer to form the mask layer, and a remaining space of the trench is kept on the mask layer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the mask layer is smaller than the thickness of the shield electrode. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the epitaxial layer in the trench is exposed after removing the portion of the first insulating layer. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the first insulating layer includes a portion of the first insulating layer on the top surface of the epitaxial layer and an upper portion of the first insulating layer in the trench. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the shield electrode and the mask layer are surrounded by the first insulating layer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second insulating layer forms a U-shaped upper surface on the first insulating layer and the shield electrode. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the second insulating layer forms a stepped upper surface on the first insulating layer and the shield electrode, and a first portion of the second insulating layer on the first insulating layer is higher than a second portion of the second insulating layer on the shield electrode. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first insulating layer is greater than the thickness of the second insulating layer. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a third insulating layer on the gate electrode; and forming a first metal layer and a second metal layer on the third insulating layer, wherein the first metal layer is electrically connected to the heavily doped region, and the second metal layer is electrically connected to the gate electrode and the shield electrode. | 2,800 |
339,369 | 16,800,258 | 2,896 | Techniques for performing management operations may include: creating a job using a graphical user interface (GUI) of an application, wherein the job includes at least one task and the job performs a first management operation including the at least one task; storing first information that describes the job in an application database for the application; and performing first processing that generates a code module for the job, wherein said first processing uses the first information from the application database. The code module may be a script written in a target script language. Multiple providers may converts different types of tasks to scripts. The providers may register prior to performing the first processing. Registering may include each provider declaring each type of task the provider converts to a specified target scripting language. The task types may be organized in a hierarchy of classes or categories. | 1. A method of performing management operations comprising:
creating a job using a graphical user interface (GUI) of an application, wherein the job includes at least one task and the job performs a first management operation including the at least one task; storing first information that describes the job in an application database for the application; and performing first processing that generates a code module for the job, wherein said first processing uses the first information from the application database. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first information includes task information describing a first task included in the job, and wherein a plurality of providers convert a plurality of types of tasks to code modules. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said creating the job includes executing a wizard or dialogue to perform the management operation. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the code module is a script written in a target scripting language. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first processing includes determining a first of the plurality of providers that converts the first task to a first script in the target scripting language. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising registering the plurality of providers prior to performing the first processing. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said registering the plurality of providers includes each of the plurality of providers declaring one or more types of tasks that said each provider converts to a specified one of a plurality of target scripting languages. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the management application is a data storage system management application and the management operation is a data storage management operation that modifies data storage configuration information describing a configuration of a data storage system. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
executing the script on a host to perform the first management operation, wherein the script includes a first call to a scripting library of the host, and wherein the scripting library is written in the target scripting language. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first call transfers control to first code of the scripting library included on the host, and wherein the first code of the scripting library includes a second call to a second library included in the management application. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the second call to the second library included in the management application is made over a control path and the management application issues at least one request to the data storage system to modify the data storage configuration information describing the configuration of the data storage system. 12. The method of claim 4, wherein a hierarchy includes the plurality of types of tasks organized into a plurality of levels. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the hierarchy includes a plurality of categories, wherein each of the plurality of categories including two or more of the plurality of types of tasks that are related. 14. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory comprising code stored thereon that, when executed, performs a method of performing management operations comprising:
creating a job using a graphical user interface (GUI) of an application, wherein the job includes at least one task and the job performs a management operation including the at least one task;
storing first information that describes the job in an application database for the application; and
performing first processing that generates a code module for the job, wherein said first processing uses the first information from the application database. 15. A computer readable medium comprising code stored thereon that, when executed, performs a method of performing management operations comprising:
creating a job using a graphical user interface (GUI) of an application, wherein the job includes at least one task and the job performs a management operation including the at least one task; storing first information that describes the job in an application database for the application; and performing first processing that generates a code module for the job, wherein said first processing uses the first information from the application database. 16. The computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the first information includes task information describing a first task included in the job, and wherein a plurality of providers convert a plurality of types of tasks to code modules. 17. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein said creating the job includes executing a wizard or dialogue to perform the management operation. 18. The computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the code module is a script written in a target scripting language. 19. The computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the first processing includes determining a first of the plurality of providers that converts the first task to a first script in the target scripting language. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein the method further comprises registering the plurality of providers prior to performing the first processing, and wherein said registering the plurality of providers includes each of the plurality of providers declaring one or more types of tasks that said each provider converts to a specified one of a plurality of target scripting languages. | Techniques for performing management operations may include: creating a job using a graphical user interface (GUI) of an application, wherein the job includes at least one task and the job performs a first management operation including the at least one task; storing first information that describes the job in an application database for the application; and performing first processing that generates a code module for the job, wherein said first processing uses the first information from the application database. The code module may be a script written in a target script language. Multiple providers may converts different types of tasks to scripts. The providers may register prior to performing the first processing. Registering may include each provider declaring each type of task the provider converts to a specified target scripting language. The task types may be organized in a hierarchy of classes or categories.1. A method of performing management operations comprising:
creating a job using a graphical user interface (GUI) of an application, wherein the job includes at least one task and the job performs a first management operation including the at least one task; storing first information that describes the job in an application database for the application; and performing first processing that generates a code module for the job, wherein said first processing uses the first information from the application database. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first information includes task information describing a first task included in the job, and wherein a plurality of providers convert a plurality of types of tasks to code modules. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said creating the job includes executing a wizard or dialogue to perform the management operation. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the code module is a script written in a target scripting language. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first processing includes determining a first of the plurality of providers that converts the first task to a first script in the target scripting language. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising registering the plurality of providers prior to performing the first processing. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein said registering the plurality of providers includes each of the plurality of providers declaring one or more types of tasks that said each provider converts to a specified one of a plurality of target scripting languages. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the management application is a data storage system management application and the management operation is a data storage management operation that modifies data storage configuration information describing a configuration of a data storage system. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
executing the script on a host to perform the first management operation, wherein the script includes a first call to a scripting library of the host, and wherein the scripting library is written in the target scripting language. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first call transfers control to first code of the scripting library included on the host, and wherein the first code of the scripting library includes a second call to a second library included in the management application. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the second call to the second library included in the management application is made over a control path and the management application issues at least one request to the data storage system to modify the data storage configuration information describing the configuration of the data storage system. 12. The method of claim 4, wherein a hierarchy includes the plurality of types of tasks organized into a plurality of levels. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the hierarchy includes a plurality of categories, wherein each of the plurality of categories including two or more of the plurality of types of tasks that are related. 14. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory comprising code stored thereon that, when executed, performs a method of performing management operations comprising:
creating a job using a graphical user interface (GUI) of an application, wherein the job includes at least one task and the job performs a management operation including the at least one task;
storing first information that describes the job in an application database for the application; and
performing first processing that generates a code module for the job, wherein said first processing uses the first information from the application database. 15. A computer readable medium comprising code stored thereon that, when executed, performs a method of performing management operations comprising:
creating a job using a graphical user interface (GUI) of an application, wherein the job includes at least one task and the job performs a management operation including the at least one task; storing first information that describes the job in an application database for the application; and performing first processing that generates a code module for the job, wherein said first processing uses the first information from the application database. 16. The computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the first information includes task information describing a first task included in the job, and wherein a plurality of providers convert a plurality of types of tasks to code modules. 17. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein said creating the job includes executing a wizard or dialogue to perform the management operation. 18. The computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the code module is a script written in a target scripting language. 19. The computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein the first processing includes determining a first of the plurality of providers that converts the first task to a first script in the target scripting language. 20. The computer readable medium of claim 19, wherein the method further comprises registering the plurality of providers prior to performing the first processing, and wherein said registering the plurality of providers includes each of the plurality of providers declaring one or more types of tasks that said each provider converts to a specified one of a plurality of target scripting languages. | 2,800 |
339,370 | 16,800,262 | 2,896 | A surgical frame and method for use thereof is provided. The surgical frame is capable of reconfiguration before, during, or after surgery. The surgical frame includes a translating beam that is moveable between at least a first lateral position and a second lateral position. The translating beam is used to join a first support portion and a second support portion of the surgical frame to one another, and movement of the translating beam affords access to a patient receiving area. | 1. A method of reconfiguring a surgical frame before, during, or after surgery, the method comprising:
supporting a main beam of the surgical frame by a support platform, a first support portion, and a second support portion of the surgical frame, the first support portion being supported by the support platform at a first end of the surgical frame, the second support portion being supported by the support platform at a second end of the surgical frame, and the support platform extending at least between adjacent the first end and adjacent the second end of the surgical frame and including a translating beam; supporting a patient by the main beam of the surgical frame; rotating the main beam and the patient supported on the main beam between at least a first rotational position and a second rotational position via rotation; and moving the translating beam of the support platform to a position underneath the patient supported in one of the first rotational position and the second rotational position. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
moving the translating beam to one of a first lateral side and a second lateral side of the surgical frame; positioning a surgical table/gurney with the patient laying thereon under the main beam in a patient receiving area, the patient receiving area being defined in part by the translating beam; and transferring the patient from the surgical table/gurney to the main beam from the surgical table/gurney. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
moving the translating beam to a position to avoid contact with feet and/or legs of a surgeon operating on the patient. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
automatically positioning the translating beam underneath the patient as the patient is rotated with the main beam. 5. The method of claim 1,
wherein the first and second support portions are each expandable between an upper height position and a lower height position; and further comprising: raising the first and second support portions to the upper heights thereof; moving the translating beam to one of the first lateral side and the second lateral side of the surgical frame; positioning a surgical table/gurney with the patient laying thereon under the main beam in a patient receiving area, the patient receiving area being defined in part by the translating beam; lowering the first and second support portions to position the main beam adjacent the patient laying on the surgical table/gurney; and transferring the patient from the surgical table/gurney to the main beam from the surgical table/gurney. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
raising the first and second support portions to lift the patient upwardly; removing the surgical table/gurney from the patient receiving area. 7. A method of reconfiguring a surgical frame before, during, or after surgery, the method comprising:
supporting a main beam of the surgical frame with a first support portion and a second support portion of the surgical frame, the main beam extending between the first and second support portions, the first support portion being positioned at a first end of the surgical frame, and the second support portion being position at a second end of the surgical frame; supporting a patient by the main beam of the surgical frame; rotating the main beam and the patient supported by the main beam between a first rotational position and a second rotational position; and moving a translating beam under the main beam and the patient supported by the main beam, the translating beam being moveable between at least a first position at or adjacent a first lateral side of the surgical frame and a second position at or adjacent a second lateral side of the surgical frame. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
moving the translating beam to one of the first lateral side and the second lateral side of the surgical frame; positioning a surgical table/gurney with the patient laying thereon under the main beam in a patient receiving area, the patient receiving area being defined in part by the translating beam; and transferring the patient from the surgical table/gurney to the main beam from the surgical table/gurney. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
moving the translating beam to a position to avoid contact with feet and/or legs of a surgeon operating on the patient. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
automatically positioning the translating beam underneath the patient as the patient is rotated with the main beam. 11. The method of claim 7,
wherein the first and second support portions are each expandable between an upper height position and a lower height position; and further comprising: raising the first and second support portions to the upper heights thereof; moving the translating beam to one of the first lateral side and the second lateral side of the surgical frame; positioning a surgical table/gurney with the patient laying thereon under the main beam in a patient receiving area, the patient receiving area being defined in part by the translating beam; lowering the first and second support portions to position the main beam adjacent the patient laying on the surgical table/gurney; and transferring the patient from the surgical table/gurney to the main beam from the surgical table/gurney. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
raising the first and second support portions to lift the patient upwardly; removing the surgical table/gurney from the patient receiving area. 13. A method of reconfiguring a surgical frame before, during, or after surgery, the method comprising:
supporting a main beam of the surgical frame and a patient positioned on the main beam a first support portion provided at a first end of the surgical frame and a second support portion provided at a second end of the surgical frame; rotating the main beam and the patient positioned thereon from a prone position to one of a first lateral position and a second lateral position; and moving a translating beam under the main beam and the patient positioned thereon, the translating beam joining portions of the surgical frame together between the first and second support portions. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
moving the translating beam to one of a first lateral side and a second lateral side of the surgical frame. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
positioning a surgical table/gurney with the patient laying thereon under the main beam in a patient receiving area, the patient receiving area being defined in part by the translating beam; and transferring the patient from the surgical table/gurney to the main beam from the surgical table/gurney. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
removing the surgical table/gurney from the patient receiving area; and moving the translating beam away from the one of the first lateral side and the second lateral side of the surgical frame. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
automatically positioning the translating beam underneath the patient as the patient is rotated with the main beam. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion are each moveable between an upper height position and a lower height position to facilitate increasing and decreasing heights thereof. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
raising the first and second support posts to the upper heights thereof; moving the translating beam to one of the first lateral side and the second lateral side of the surgical frame; positioning a surgical table/gurney with the patient laying thereon under the main beam in a patient receiving area, the patient receiving area being defined in part by the translating beam; lowering the first and second support posts to position the main beam adjacent the patient laying on the surgical table/gurney; and transferring the patient from the surgical table/gurney to the main beam from the surgical table/gurney. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
removing the surgical table/gurney from the patient receiving area; and moving the translating beam away from the one of the first lateral side and the second lateral side of the surgical frame. | A surgical frame and method for use thereof is provided. The surgical frame is capable of reconfiguration before, during, or after surgery. The surgical frame includes a translating beam that is moveable between at least a first lateral position and a second lateral position. The translating beam is used to join a first support portion and a second support portion of the surgical frame to one another, and movement of the translating beam affords access to a patient receiving area.1. A method of reconfiguring a surgical frame before, during, or after surgery, the method comprising:
supporting a main beam of the surgical frame by a support platform, a first support portion, and a second support portion of the surgical frame, the first support portion being supported by the support platform at a first end of the surgical frame, the second support portion being supported by the support platform at a second end of the surgical frame, and the support platform extending at least between adjacent the first end and adjacent the second end of the surgical frame and including a translating beam; supporting a patient by the main beam of the surgical frame; rotating the main beam and the patient supported on the main beam between at least a first rotational position and a second rotational position via rotation; and moving the translating beam of the support platform to a position underneath the patient supported in one of the first rotational position and the second rotational position. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
moving the translating beam to one of a first lateral side and a second lateral side of the surgical frame; positioning a surgical table/gurney with the patient laying thereon under the main beam in a patient receiving area, the patient receiving area being defined in part by the translating beam; and transferring the patient from the surgical table/gurney to the main beam from the surgical table/gurney. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
moving the translating beam to a position to avoid contact with feet and/or legs of a surgeon operating on the patient. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
automatically positioning the translating beam underneath the patient as the patient is rotated with the main beam. 5. The method of claim 1,
wherein the first and second support portions are each expandable between an upper height position and a lower height position; and further comprising: raising the first and second support portions to the upper heights thereof; moving the translating beam to one of the first lateral side and the second lateral side of the surgical frame; positioning a surgical table/gurney with the patient laying thereon under the main beam in a patient receiving area, the patient receiving area being defined in part by the translating beam; lowering the first and second support portions to position the main beam adjacent the patient laying on the surgical table/gurney; and transferring the patient from the surgical table/gurney to the main beam from the surgical table/gurney. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
raising the first and second support portions to lift the patient upwardly; removing the surgical table/gurney from the patient receiving area. 7. A method of reconfiguring a surgical frame before, during, or after surgery, the method comprising:
supporting a main beam of the surgical frame with a first support portion and a second support portion of the surgical frame, the main beam extending between the first and second support portions, the first support portion being positioned at a first end of the surgical frame, and the second support portion being position at a second end of the surgical frame; supporting a patient by the main beam of the surgical frame; rotating the main beam and the patient supported by the main beam between a first rotational position and a second rotational position; and moving a translating beam under the main beam and the patient supported by the main beam, the translating beam being moveable between at least a first position at or adjacent a first lateral side of the surgical frame and a second position at or adjacent a second lateral side of the surgical frame. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
moving the translating beam to one of the first lateral side and the second lateral side of the surgical frame; positioning a surgical table/gurney with the patient laying thereon under the main beam in a patient receiving area, the patient receiving area being defined in part by the translating beam; and transferring the patient from the surgical table/gurney to the main beam from the surgical table/gurney. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
moving the translating beam to a position to avoid contact with feet and/or legs of a surgeon operating on the patient. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
automatically positioning the translating beam underneath the patient as the patient is rotated with the main beam. 11. The method of claim 7,
wherein the first and second support portions are each expandable between an upper height position and a lower height position; and further comprising: raising the first and second support portions to the upper heights thereof; moving the translating beam to one of the first lateral side and the second lateral side of the surgical frame; positioning a surgical table/gurney with the patient laying thereon under the main beam in a patient receiving area, the patient receiving area being defined in part by the translating beam; lowering the first and second support portions to position the main beam adjacent the patient laying on the surgical table/gurney; and transferring the patient from the surgical table/gurney to the main beam from the surgical table/gurney. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
raising the first and second support portions to lift the patient upwardly; removing the surgical table/gurney from the patient receiving area. 13. A method of reconfiguring a surgical frame before, during, or after surgery, the method comprising:
supporting a main beam of the surgical frame and a patient positioned on the main beam a first support portion provided at a first end of the surgical frame and a second support portion provided at a second end of the surgical frame; rotating the main beam and the patient positioned thereon from a prone position to one of a first lateral position and a second lateral position; and moving a translating beam under the main beam and the patient positioned thereon, the translating beam joining portions of the surgical frame together between the first and second support portions. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
moving the translating beam to one of a first lateral side and a second lateral side of the surgical frame. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
positioning a surgical table/gurney with the patient laying thereon under the main beam in a patient receiving area, the patient receiving area being defined in part by the translating beam; and transferring the patient from the surgical table/gurney to the main beam from the surgical table/gurney. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
removing the surgical table/gurney from the patient receiving area; and moving the translating beam away from the one of the first lateral side and the second lateral side of the surgical frame. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
automatically positioning the translating beam underneath the patient as the patient is rotated with the main beam. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the first support portion and the second support portion are each moveable between an upper height position and a lower height position to facilitate increasing and decreasing heights thereof. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
raising the first and second support posts to the upper heights thereof; moving the translating beam to one of the first lateral side and the second lateral side of the surgical frame; positioning a surgical table/gurney with the patient laying thereon under the main beam in a patient receiving area, the patient receiving area being defined in part by the translating beam; lowering the first and second support posts to position the main beam adjacent the patient laying on the surgical table/gurney; and transferring the patient from the surgical table/gurney to the main beam from the surgical table/gurney. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
removing the surgical table/gurney from the patient receiving area; and moving the translating beam away from the one of the first lateral side and the second lateral side of the surgical frame. | 2,800 |
339,371 | 16,800,281 | 3,747 | A method and system of power generating is provided to reduce a startup time of a genset for providing requested power to a utility grid or a load. The genset includes a generator, a turbocharger, and an energy storage. The generator includes an engine. The genset responds to a genset start signal by accelerating an engine speed of the generator to reach a synchronous speed. The engine speed is accelerated more rapidly by activating the energy storage device to supply power to at least one of the generator and the turbocharger. The generator then supplies power to the utility grid or load. | 1. A method of reducing a startup time of a genset for providing requested power to a utility grid or a load, the genset including a generator, a turbocharger, and an energy storage device coupled to at least one of the generator and the turbocharger, wherein the generator comprises an engine, the method comprising:
responding to a genset start signal by activating the energy storage device to supply power to the at least one of the generator and the turbocharger, thereby accelerating an engine speed of the generator to reach a synchronous speed; and supplying, by the generator, power to the utility grid or load. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein
the generator further comprises an alternator, the turbocharger comprises a shaft and a motor-generator, and the energy storage device further comprises at least one of a battery and a supercapacitor configured to supply electrical power to at least one of the alternator and the motor-generator, wherein the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor is pre-charged by the utility grid and maintained at a high-power state prior to being activated. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the genset start signal is caused by a determination that the utility grid is not providing power to the load. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein responding to the genset start signal further comprises
disconnecting the utility grid from the load prior to activating the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor and supplying power to the load by the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor after the utility grid is disconnected from the load. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
stabilizing, by the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor, the engine speed by: absorbing excess power supplied by the at least one of the alternator and the motor-generator if the engine speed is too high or providing power to the at least one of the alternator and the motor-generator if the engine speed is too low. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
recharging, by at least one of the alternator, the motor-generator, and the utility grid, the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor when the genset is operating at a desired power level. 7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
reducing, by the motor-generator, a turbocharger speed by absorbing power from the shaft; supplying, by the motor-generator, electrical power by converting the absorbed power into the electrical power; and absorbing, by the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor, the electrical power supplied by the motor-generator. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the turbocharger comprises a shaft, and the energy storage device further comprises at least one flywheel configured to supply power to at least one of the engine and the shaft, wherein the at least one flywheel is maintained at a high-power state prior to being activated, the method further comprising: responding to the genset start signal by disconnecting the utility grid from the load prior to activating the at least one flywheel. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
reducing a rate at which the engine speed increases when the engine speed is within a predetermined threshold from the synchronous speed. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the power is supplied by the energy storage device while the engine speed increases to approach the synchronous speed. 11. A genset comprising:
a generator electrically coupled to a utility grid or a load and configured to supply power to the utility grid or the load, the generator comprising an engine and an alternator; a turbocharger fluidly coupled to the engine; an energy storage device coupled to at least one of the generator and the turbocharger; and a controller configured to:
detect a condition wherein the utility grid is not providing power to the load; and
respond to the condition by activating the energy storage device to supply power to the at least one of the generator and the turbocharger to accelerate an engine speed of the generator to reach a synchronous speed. 12. The genset of claim 11, wherein:
the turbocharger comprises a shaft and a motor-generator, the energy storage device further comprises at least one of a battery and a supercapacitor configured to supply electrical power to at least one of the alternator and the motor-generator, wherein the energy storage device is pre-charged by the utility grid and maintained at a high-power state prior to being activated. 13. The genset of claim 12, wherein:
the controller is further configured to respond to the condition by disconnecting the utility grid from the load prior to activating the energy storage device and activating the energy storage device to supply power to the load after the utility grid is disconnected from the load. 14. The genset of claim 12, wherein:
the energy storage device is configured to stabilize the engine speed by absorbing excess power supplied by the at least one of the alternator and the motor-generator or providing power to the at least one of the alternator and the motor-generator, and at least one of the alternator, the motor-generator, and the utility grid is configured to recharge the energy storage device when the genset is operating at a desired power level. 15. The genset of claim 11, wherein:
the turbocharger comprises a shaft, the energy storage device further comprises at least one flywheel configured to supply power to at least one of the engine and the shaft, wherein the energy storage device is maintained at a high-power state prior to being activated. 16. The genset of claim 15, wherein:
the controller is configured to reduce a rate at which the engine speed increases when the engine speed is within a predetermined threshold from the synchronous speed by feeding the power back into the at least one flywheel. 17. The genset of claim 11, wherein:
the energy storage device further comprises at least one of a battery and a supercapacitor, the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor configured to supply electrical power to at least one of the utility grid, the load, the alternator, and the turbocharger. 18. A genset comprising:
a generator electrically coupled to a utility grid or a load and configured to supply power to the utility grid or the load, the generator comprising an engine; a turbocharger fluidly coupled to the engine, the turbocharger comprising a shaft; a first flywheel coupled to the generator; a second flywheel coupled to the turbocharger, wherein the first and second flywheels are maintained at a high-power state prior to being activated; and a controller configured to:
detect a condition wherein the utility grid is not providing power to the load; and
respond to the condition by activating the first flywheel to supply power to the engine and the second flywheel to supply power to the shaft to accelerate an engine speed of the generator to reach a synchronous speed. 19. The genset of claim 18, wherein:
the controller is configured to reduce a rate at which the engine speed increases when the engine speed is within a predetermined threshold from the synchronous speed by feeding the power back into one or both of the first and second flywheels. 20. The genset of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to respond to the condition by disconnecting the utility grid from the load prior to activating the energy storage device. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the genset further includes a drive motor, and wherein the method further comprises:
responding to the genset start signal by providing one or more signals to the drive motor to ramp up the engine speed of the generator past a cranking speed and to the synchronous speed. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
based on comparing the engine speed with the synchronous speed, initiating a combustion process of the engine to occur using one or more engine systems, and wherein the supplying the power to the utility grid or load is based on the initiating the one or more engine systems. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the initiating the combustion process based on comparing the engine speed with the synchronous speed comprises initiating the combustion process based on determining the engine speed is less than the synchronous speed by a pre-determined threshold and greater than the cranking speed. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the initiating the combustion process based on comparing the engine speed with the synchronous speed comprises initiating the combustion process based on determining the engine speed reaches the synchronous speed. 25. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
based on the engine speed reaching the synchronous speed and initiating the combustion process, providing one or more signals to de-activate the drive motor. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the drive motor is a high torque industrial electrical motor. 27. A method of reducing a startup time of a genset system for providing requested power to a load, the genset system including an engine, one or more batteries, and a drive motor, the method comprising:
determining a start condition for the genset system; activating the drive motor to ramp up an engine speed of the engine past a cranking speed and to a synchronous speed; and supplying, by the genset system, power to the load based on using the drive motor to ramp the engine speed to the synchronous speed. 28. The method of claim 27, further comprising:
monitoring, using an engine speed sensor, the engine speed of the engine; and based on comparing the engine speed with the synchronous speed, initiating a combustion process of the engine to occur using one or more engine systems, wherein the supplying the power to the load is based on the initiating the combustion process. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
de-activating the drive motor based on the engine speed of the engine reaching the synchronous speed and initiating the combustion process. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the initiating the combustion process based on comparing the engine speed with the synchronous speed comprises initiating the combustion process based on determining the engine speed is less than the synchronous speed by a pre-determined threshold and greater than the cranking speed. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the initiating the combustion process based on comparing the engine speed with the synchronous speed comprises initiating the combustion process based on determining the engine speed reaches the synchronous speed. 32. The method of claim 27, wherein the drive motor is a high torque industrial electrical motor. 33. The method of claim 27, wherein the activating the drive motor to ramp up the engine speed to the synchronous speed is based on determining a battery charge of the one or more batteries exceeds a threshold. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
based on determining the battery charge of the one or more batteries fails to exceed the threshold, cancelling a start request for the genset system and causing display of a prompt indicating the cancellation of the start request. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the genset system further comprises a reserve genset, and wherein the method further comprises:
based on determining the battery charge of the one or more batteries fails to exceed the threshold, activating the reserve genset to charge the one or more batteries; subsequent to activating the reserve genset, determining whether the battery charge of the one or more batteries exceeds the threshold, and wherein the supplying the power to the load is in response to the battery charge of the one or more batteries exceeding the threshold. | A method and system of power generating is provided to reduce a startup time of a genset for providing requested power to a utility grid or a load. The genset includes a generator, a turbocharger, and an energy storage. The generator includes an engine. The genset responds to a genset start signal by accelerating an engine speed of the generator to reach a synchronous speed. The engine speed is accelerated more rapidly by activating the energy storage device to supply power to at least one of the generator and the turbocharger. The generator then supplies power to the utility grid or load.1. A method of reducing a startup time of a genset for providing requested power to a utility grid or a load, the genset including a generator, a turbocharger, and an energy storage device coupled to at least one of the generator and the turbocharger, wherein the generator comprises an engine, the method comprising:
responding to a genset start signal by activating the energy storage device to supply power to the at least one of the generator and the turbocharger, thereby accelerating an engine speed of the generator to reach a synchronous speed; and supplying, by the generator, power to the utility grid or load. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein
the generator further comprises an alternator, the turbocharger comprises a shaft and a motor-generator, and the energy storage device further comprises at least one of a battery and a supercapacitor configured to supply electrical power to at least one of the alternator and the motor-generator, wherein the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor is pre-charged by the utility grid and maintained at a high-power state prior to being activated. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the genset start signal is caused by a determination that the utility grid is not providing power to the load. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein responding to the genset start signal further comprises
disconnecting the utility grid from the load prior to activating the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor and supplying power to the load by the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor after the utility grid is disconnected from the load. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
stabilizing, by the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor, the engine speed by: absorbing excess power supplied by the at least one of the alternator and the motor-generator if the engine speed is too high or providing power to the at least one of the alternator and the motor-generator if the engine speed is too low. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
recharging, by at least one of the alternator, the motor-generator, and the utility grid, the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor when the genset is operating at a desired power level. 7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
reducing, by the motor-generator, a turbocharger speed by absorbing power from the shaft; supplying, by the motor-generator, electrical power by converting the absorbed power into the electrical power; and absorbing, by the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor, the electrical power supplied by the motor-generator. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the turbocharger comprises a shaft, and the energy storage device further comprises at least one flywheel configured to supply power to at least one of the engine and the shaft, wherein the at least one flywheel is maintained at a high-power state prior to being activated, the method further comprising: responding to the genset start signal by disconnecting the utility grid from the load prior to activating the at least one flywheel. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
reducing a rate at which the engine speed increases when the engine speed is within a predetermined threshold from the synchronous speed. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the power is supplied by the energy storage device while the engine speed increases to approach the synchronous speed. 11. A genset comprising:
a generator electrically coupled to a utility grid or a load and configured to supply power to the utility grid or the load, the generator comprising an engine and an alternator; a turbocharger fluidly coupled to the engine; an energy storage device coupled to at least one of the generator and the turbocharger; and a controller configured to:
detect a condition wherein the utility grid is not providing power to the load; and
respond to the condition by activating the energy storage device to supply power to the at least one of the generator and the turbocharger to accelerate an engine speed of the generator to reach a synchronous speed. 12. The genset of claim 11, wherein:
the turbocharger comprises a shaft and a motor-generator, the energy storage device further comprises at least one of a battery and a supercapacitor configured to supply electrical power to at least one of the alternator and the motor-generator, wherein the energy storage device is pre-charged by the utility grid and maintained at a high-power state prior to being activated. 13. The genset of claim 12, wherein:
the controller is further configured to respond to the condition by disconnecting the utility grid from the load prior to activating the energy storage device and activating the energy storage device to supply power to the load after the utility grid is disconnected from the load. 14. The genset of claim 12, wherein:
the energy storage device is configured to stabilize the engine speed by absorbing excess power supplied by the at least one of the alternator and the motor-generator or providing power to the at least one of the alternator and the motor-generator, and at least one of the alternator, the motor-generator, and the utility grid is configured to recharge the energy storage device when the genset is operating at a desired power level. 15. The genset of claim 11, wherein:
the turbocharger comprises a shaft, the energy storage device further comprises at least one flywheel configured to supply power to at least one of the engine and the shaft, wherein the energy storage device is maintained at a high-power state prior to being activated. 16. The genset of claim 15, wherein:
the controller is configured to reduce a rate at which the engine speed increases when the engine speed is within a predetermined threshold from the synchronous speed by feeding the power back into the at least one flywheel. 17. The genset of claim 11, wherein:
the energy storage device further comprises at least one of a battery and a supercapacitor, the at least one of the battery and the supercapacitor configured to supply electrical power to at least one of the utility grid, the load, the alternator, and the turbocharger. 18. A genset comprising:
a generator electrically coupled to a utility grid or a load and configured to supply power to the utility grid or the load, the generator comprising an engine; a turbocharger fluidly coupled to the engine, the turbocharger comprising a shaft; a first flywheel coupled to the generator; a second flywheel coupled to the turbocharger, wherein the first and second flywheels are maintained at a high-power state prior to being activated; and a controller configured to:
detect a condition wherein the utility grid is not providing power to the load; and
respond to the condition by activating the first flywheel to supply power to the engine and the second flywheel to supply power to the shaft to accelerate an engine speed of the generator to reach a synchronous speed. 19. The genset of claim 18, wherein:
the controller is configured to reduce a rate at which the engine speed increases when the engine speed is within a predetermined threshold from the synchronous speed by feeding the power back into one or both of the first and second flywheels. 20. The genset of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to respond to the condition by disconnecting the utility grid from the load prior to activating the energy storage device. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the genset further includes a drive motor, and wherein the method further comprises:
responding to the genset start signal by providing one or more signals to the drive motor to ramp up the engine speed of the generator past a cranking speed and to the synchronous speed. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
based on comparing the engine speed with the synchronous speed, initiating a combustion process of the engine to occur using one or more engine systems, and wherein the supplying the power to the utility grid or load is based on the initiating the one or more engine systems. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the initiating the combustion process based on comparing the engine speed with the synchronous speed comprises initiating the combustion process based on determining the engine speed is less than the synchronous speed by a pre-determined threshold and greater than the cranking speed. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the initiating the combustion process based on comparing the engine speed with the synchronous speed comprises initiating the combustion process based on determining the engine speed reaches the synchronous speed. 25. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
based on the engine speed reaching the synchronous speed and initiating the combustion process, providing one or more signals to de-activate the drive motor. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the drive motor is a high torque industrial electrical motor. 27. A method of reducing a startup time of a genset system for providing requested power to a load, the genset system including an engine, one or more batteries, and a drive motor, the method comprising:
determining a start condition for the genset system; activating the drive motor to ramp up an engine speed of the engine past a cranking speed and to a synchronous speed; and supplying, by the genset system, power to the load based on using the drive motor to ramp the engine speed to the synchronous speed. 28. The method of claim 27, further comprising:
monitoring, using an engine speed sensor, the engine speed of the engine; and based on comparing the engine speed with the synchronous speed, initiating a combustion process of the engine to occur using one or more engine systems, wherein the supplying the power to the load is based on the initiating the combustion process. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
de-activating the drive motor based on the engine speed of the engine reaching the synchronous speed and initiating the combustion process. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the initiating the combustion process based on comparing the engine speed with the synchronous speed comprises initiating the combustion process based on determining the engine speed is less than the synchronous speed by a pre-determined threshold and greater than the cranking speed. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the initiating the combustion process based on comparing the engine speed with the synchronous speed comprises initiating the combustion process based on determining the engine speed reaches the synchronous speed. 32. The method of claim 27, wherein the drive motor is a high torque industrial electrical motor. 33. The method of claim 27, wherein the activating the drive motor to ramp up the engine speed to the synchronous speed is based on determining a battery charge of the one or more batteries exceeds a threshold. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
based on determining the battery charge of the one or more batteries fails to exceed the threshold, cancelling a start request for the genset system and causing display of a prompt indicating the cancellation of the start request. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the genset system further comprises a reserve genset, and wherein the method further comprises:
based on determining the battery charge of the one or more batteries fails to exceed the threshold, activating the reserve genset to charge the one or more batteries; subsequent to activating the reserve genset, determining whether the battery charge of the one or more batteries exceeds the threshold, and wherein the supplying the power to the load is in response to the battery charge of the one or more batteries exceeding the threshold. | 3,700 |
339,372 | 16,800,300 | 3,735 | A double-wall vacuum-insulated food container with complementary lid is disclosed. The body of the container has a base and an upwardly-extending side wall terminating in an upper free edge. The container also has an inner portion and a complementary outer portion with a gap between. The interior of the container defines a plurality of independently sealed compartments. The lid sealingly fits onto the upper free edge of the container. The lid includes a central member and a surrounding frame with a sealing ring. The sealing ring serves as an interface between a lower peripheral edge of the frame and the upper free edge of the container. The frame has fastening members which complementary features disposed about the upper free edge of the container. | 1. A vacuum-insulated container comprising:
a body portion, wherein the body portion has a floor and at least one upwardly extending side wall terminating in an upper free edge, and wherein the at least one upwardly extending side wall comprises an inner portion and a complementary outer portion defining a thermally-insulating, side wall gap between, wherein the body portion defines a plurality of independently sealed compartments; and a lid portion configured to sealingly fit onto the upper free edge, wherein the lid portion comprises a substantially planar member and a frame, wherein the substantially planar member comprises an upper portion and a complementary lower portion defining a thermally-insulating, planar member gap between, wherein the frame is configured to mechanically receive and surround the substantially planar member there within. 2. The vacuum-insulated container of claim 1, wherein the plurality of independently sealed compartments comprises two independently sealed compartments. 3. A container comprising:
a base having at least one upwardly extending side wall terminating in an upper free edge, wherein the at least one upwardly extending side wall comprises an inner portion and a complementary outer portion defining a thermally-insulating, side wall gap between, wherein the base defines a plurality of independently sealed compartments; a lid configured to fit onto the upper free edge, wherein the lid comprises a substantially planar member and a frame, wherein the substantially planar member comprises an upper portion and a complementary lower portion defining a thermally-insulating, planar member gap between, wherein the frame is configured to receive the substantially planar member; and a sealing member configured to create an air-tight seal between a lower peripheral edge of the frame and the upper free edge. 4. The container of claim 3, wherein the base comprises stainless steel, and the substantially planar member comprises of stainless steel. 5. The container of claim 3, wherein an exterior shape of the base is one of: a rectangular shape and a square shape. 6. The container of claim 3, wherein the plurality of independently sealed compartments comprises two independently sealed compartments. 7. The container of claim 3, wherein the base further comprises at least one compartment sealing ring configures to seal the plurality of independently sealed compartments. 8. The container of claim 3, wherein the frame further comprises at least one clasp configured to engage a fastening feature on the base. 9. The container of claim 8, wherein the at least one clasp comprises at least one of: a living hinge, a flag hinge and a piano hinge. 10. The container of claim 8, wherein the fastening feature comprises a shoulder and the at least one clasp comprises a prong configured to engage the shoulder. 11. The container of claim 8, wherein the at least one clasp is configured to engage a fastening feature while the lid is maintained relatively stationary with regards to the base. 12. The container of claim 3, wherein the lid portion includes a pressure release valve button configured to, when pressed, equalize an atmosphere within at least one of the plurality of independently sealed compartments within the container and an atmosphere outside the container. 13. The container of claim 12, wherein the plurality of independently sealed compartments comprises a first independently sealed compartment and a second independently sealed compartment, and
wherein the pressure release valve button is configured to, when pressed, equalize the atmosphere within the first independently sealed compartment. 14. The container of claim 13, wherein the first independently sealed compartment is larger than the second independently sealed compartment. | A double-wall vacuum-insulated food container with complementary lid is disclosed. The body of the container has a base and an upwardly-extending side wall terminating in an upper free edge. The container also has an inner portion and a complementary outer portion with a gap between. The interior of the container defines a plurality of independently sealed compartments. The lid sealingly fits onto the upper free edge of the container. The lid includes a central member and a surrounding frame with a sealing ring. The sealing ring serves as an interface between a lower peripheral edge of the frame and the upper free edge of the container. The frame has fastening members which complementary features disposed about the upper free edge of the container.1. A vacuum-insulated container comprising:
a body portion, wherein the body portion has a floor and at least one upwardly extending side wall terminating in an upper free edge, and wherein the at least one upwardly extending side wall comprises an inner portion and a complementary outer portion defining a thermally-insulating, side wall gap between, wherein the body portion defines a plurality of independently sealed compartments; and a lid portion configured to sealingly fit onto the upper free edge, wherein the lid portion comprises a substantially planar member and a frame, wherein the substantially planar member comprises an upper portion and a complementary lower portion defining a thermally-insulating, planar member gap between, wherein the frame is configured to mechanically receive and surround the substantially planar member there within. 2. The vacuum-insulated container of claim 1, wherein the plurality of independently sealed compartments comprises two independently sealed compartments. 3. A container comprising:
a base having at least one upwardly extending side wall terminating in an upper free edge, wherein the at least one upwardly extending side wall comprises an inner portion and a complementary outer portion defining a thermally-insulating, side wall gap between, wherein the base defines a plurality of independently sealed compartments; a lid configured to fit onto the upper free edge, wherein the lid comprises a substantially planar member and a frame, wherein the substantially planar member comprises an upper portion and a complementary lower portion defining a thermally-insulating, planar member gap between, wherein the frame is configured to receive the substantially planar member; and a sealing member configured to create an air-tight seal between a lower peripheral edge of the frame and the upper free edge. 4. The container of claim 3, wherein the base comprises stainless steel, and the substantially planar member comprises of stainless steel. 5. The container of claim 3, wherein an exterior shape of the base is one of: a rectangular shape and a square shape. 6. The container of claim 3, wherein the plurality of independently sealed compartments comprises two independently sealed compartments. 7. The container of claim 3, wherein the base further comprises at least one compartment sealing ring configures to seal the plurality of independently sealed compartments. 8. The container of claim 3, wherein the frame further comprises at least one clasp configured to engage a fastening feature on the base. 9. The container of claim 8, wherein the at least one clasp comprises at least one of: a living hinge, a flag hinge and a piano hinge. 10. The container of claim 8, wherein the fastening feature comprises a shoulder and the at least one clasp comprises a prong configured to engage the shoulder. 11. The container of claim 8, wherein the at least one clasp is configured to engage a fastening feature while the lid is maintained relatively stationary with regards to the base. 12. The container of claim 3, wherein the lid portion includes a pressure release valve button configured to, when pressed, equalize an atmosphere within at least one of the plurality of independently sealed compartments within the container and an atmosphere outside the container. 13. The container of claim 12, wherein the plurality of independently sealed compartments comprises a first independently sealed compartment and a second independently sealed compartment, and
wherein the pressure release valve button is configured to, when pressed, equalize the atmosphere within the first independently sealed compartment. 14. The container of claim 13, wherein the first independently sealed compartment is larger than the second independently sealed compartment. | 3,700 |
339,373 | 16,800,285 | 3,735 | Embodiments of showerheads having a detachable gas distribution plate are provided herein. In some embodiments, a showerhead for use in a semiconductor processing chamber may include a base having a first side and a second side opposing the first side; a gas distribution plate disposed proximate the second side of the base, wherein the gas distribution plate is formed from a material having an electrical resistivity between about 60 ohm-cm to 90 ohm-cm; a clamp disposed about a peripheral edge of the gas distribution plate to removably couple the gas distribution plate to the base; and a thermal gasket disposed in a gap between the base and gas distribution plate. | 1. A showerhead for use in a semiconductor processing chamber, comprising:
a body having a first side and a second side opposing the first side; a gas distribution plate disposed in a spaced-apart relation to the second side of the body to form a gap between the body and the gas distribution plate; and one or more pins pressed into the second side of the body and having ends extending into the gap to maintain a thickness of the gap, wherein each of the one or more pins includes a through-hole to allow a volume behind each pin to be evacuated. 2. The showerhead of claim 1, further comprising:
a yttrium fluoride coating on the second side of the body. 3. The showerhead of claim 1, wherein the gas distribution plate is fabricated from single crystalline silicon (Si). 4. The showerhead of claim 1, wherein the gas distribution plate is fabricated from single crystalline silicon (Si) that is doped or coated with a high resistivity material. 5. The showerhead of claim 1, wherein the gas distribution plate is fabricated from single crystalline silicon (Si) that is doped or coated with boron. 6. The showerhead of claim 1, wherein the body comprises a plurality of through holes extending from the first side to the second side of the body. 7. The showerhead of claim 6, wherein the body comprises a plenum formed in the first side of the body, the plenum fluidly coupled to the plurality of through holes. 8. The showerhead of claim 1, further comprising:
a clamp disposed about a peripheral edge of the gas distribution plate to removably couple the gas distribution plate to the body. 9. A process chamber, comprising:
a chamber body having a substrate support disposed within an inner volume of the chamber body; and the showerhead, as described in claim 1, disposed within the inner volume of the chamber body opposite the substrate support, wherein the first side of the body of the showerhead is coupled to a component of the process chamber. 10. The process chamber of claim 9, wherein the component of the process chamber is a chiller plate, and wherein the chiller plate is coupled to a ceiling of the chamber body. 11. The process chamber of claim 9, further comprising a radio frequency (RF) power source coupled to the showerhead, wherein the RF power source operates at a power greater than or equal to about 2000 watts and a frequency of about 162 MHz. 12. The process chamber of claim 9, wherein the gas distribution plate is fabricated from single crystalline silicon (Si). 13. The process chamber of claim 9, wherein the gas distribution plate is fabricated from single crystalline silicon (Si) that is doped or coated with a high resistivity material. 14. The process chamber of claim 9, wherein the gas distribution plate is fabricated from single crystalline silicon (Si) that is doped or coated with boron. 15. The process chamber of claim 9, further comprising:
a clamp disposed about a peripheral edge of the gas distribution plate to removably couple the gas distribution plate to the body. | Embodiments of showerheads having a detachable gas distribution plate are provided herein. In some embodiments, a showerhead for use in a semiconductor processing chamber may include a base having a first side and a second side opposing the first side; a gas distribution plate disposed proximate the second side of the base, wherein the gas distribution plate is formed from a material having an electrical resistivity between about 60 ohm-cm to 90 ohm-cm; a clamp disposed about a peripheral edge of the gas distribution plate to removably couple the gas distribution plate to the base; and a thermal gasket disposed in a gap between the base and gas distribution plate.1. A showerhead for use in a semiconductor processing chamber, comprising:
a body having a first side and a second side opposing the first side; a gas distribution plate disposed in a spaced-apart relation to the second side of the body to form a gap between the body and the gas distribution plate; and one or more pins pressed into the second side of the body and having ends extending into the gap to maintain a thickness of the gap, wherein each of the one or more pins includes a through-hole to allow a volume behind each pin to be evacuated. 2. The showerhead of claim 1, further comprising:
a yttrium fluoride coating on the second side of the body. 3. The showerhead of claim 1, wherein the gas distribution plate is fabricated from single crystalline silicon (Si). 4. The showerhead of claim 1, wherein the gas distribution plate is fabricated from single crystalline silicon (Si) that is doped or coated with a high resistivity material. 5. The showerhead of claim 1, wherein the gas distribution plate is fabricated from single crystalline silicon (Si) that is doped or coated with boron. 6. The showerhead of claim 1, wherein the body comprises a plurality of through holes extending from the first side to the second side of the body. 7. The showerhead of claim 6, wherein the body comprises a plenum formed in the first side of the body, the plenum fluidly coupled to the plurality of through holes. 8. The showerhead of claim 1, further comprising:
a clamp disposed about a peripheral edge of the gas distribution plate to removably couple the gas distribution plate to the body. 9. A process chamber, comprising:
a chamber body having a substrate support disposed within an inner volume of the chamber body; and the showerhead, as described in claim 1, disposed within the inner volume of the chamber body opposite the substrate support, wherein the first side of the body of the showerhead is coupled to a component of the process chamber. 10. The process chamber of claim 9, wherein the component of the process chamber is a chiller plate, and wherein the chiller plate is coupled to a ceiling of the chamber body. 11. The process chamber of claim 9, further comprising a radio frequency (RF) power source coupled to the showerhead, wherein the RF power source operates at a power greater than or equal to about 2000 watts and a frequency of about 162 MHz. 12. The process chamber of claim 9, wherein the gas distribution plate is fabricated from single crystalline silicon (Si). 13. The process chamber of claim 9, wherein the gas distribution plate is fabricated from single crystalline silicon (Si) that is doped or coated with a high resistivity material. 14. The process chamber of claim 9, wherein the gas distribution plate is fabricated from single crystalline silicon (Si) that is doped or coated with boron. 15. The process chamber of claim 9, further comprising:
a clamp disposed about a peripheral edge of the gas distribution plate to removably couple the gas distribution plate to the body. | 3,700 |
339,374 | 16,800,266 | 2,651 | There is provided a display control device including a user information acquisition unit configured to acquire information on presence of one or more users who are using same content as output content, a user position decision unit configured to decide display positions of the presence of the users with the information on the presence of the users acquired by the user information acquisition unit, and a display control unit configured to exert control to display the information on the presence of the users on the basis of the display positions decided by the user position decision unit in a manner that the users appear to be using the content together. | 1. A control device, comprising:
circuitry configured to: acquire first information of presence of a plurality of users that utilizes same content as output content in virtual space; receive second information of a direction of each user of the plurality of users in real space, wherein the second information is received through a head-mounted display associated with a respective user of the plurality of users; determine at least two avatars displayed in a virtual space from the plurality of avatars at the same time based on the first information, wherein the plurality of avatars corresponds to the plurality of users; determine directions of at least the two avatars displayed in a virtual space, having the plurality of avatars, based on the second information; and control a direction of at least one avatar of the plurality of avatars in the virtual space, wherein the direction of the at least one avatar is controlled such that the at least one avatar appears to view the output content in the virtual space. 2. The control device according to claim 1,
wherein a first avatar of the plurality of avatars corresponds to a first user of the plurality of users, a second avatar of the plurality of avatars corresponds to a second user of the plurality of users, the circuitry is further configured to change a display position of the first avatar with respect to a display position of the second avatar based on an actual distance between the first user and the second user, and the first user is associated with the control device. 3. The control device according to claim 2, wherein the circuitry is further configured to change display positions of the plurality of avatars with respect to the first avatar in the virtual space in order of increasing actual distance of respective users of the plurality of users from the first user. 4. The control device according to claim 1,
wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the plurality of positions based on third information associated with communication services. 5. The control device according to claim 4,
wherein the communication services comprise social networking services (SNS). 6. The control device according to claim 5,
wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine a display position of a first avatar corresponding to a first user of the plurality of users with respect to a second avatar corresponding to a second user of the plurality of users in the virtual space, based on a level of intimacy of the first user with the second user estimated from a social graph of the SNS. 7. The control device according to claim 6, wherein the display position of the first avatar is closer to the second avatar among the plurality of avatars based on a determination that the first user has a deep intimacy with the second user from the social graph of the SNS. 8. The control device according to claim 1, wherein a first avatar of the plurality of avatars corresponds to a first user of the plurality of users, the circuitry is further configured to display a first set of avatars among the plurality of avatars closer to the first avatar, based on a determination that a first set of users of the plurality of users corresponding to the first set of avatars actively leave messages, and the first user is associated with the control device. 9. The control device according to claim 6, wherein the circuitry is further configured to display a second set of avatars among the plurality of avatars away from the first avatar, based on a determination that a second set of users corresponding to the second set of avatars one of: leaves less than or equal to a threshold amount of messages within a determined time, or does not leave messages, and the second set of users is different from the first set of users. 10. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to acquire, from an external device, position information associated with the plurality of users. 11. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to: acquire privacy settings from an external device, wherein the external device registers the privacy settings in units of groups based on user input; and control display of the plurality of avatars based on the privacy settings. 12. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the plurality of positions of the plurality of avatars based on details of the output content received from a content server. 13. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the output content is a game, a first avatar of the plurality of avatars corresponds to a first user of the plurality of users, the first user is associated with the control device, the circuitry is further configured to determine a display position of a first set of avatars with respect to a second set of avatars of the plurality of avatars in the virtual space, such that the first set of avatars and the first avatar are displayed on a first side and the second set of avatars are displayed on a second side opposite to the first side, wherein the first set of avatars corresponds to a first set of users of the plurality of users, the second set of avatars corresponds to a second set of users of the plurality of users, and the display position is determined based on a determination that the first set of users are rooting for a same team in the game as the first user, and the second set of users are rooting for an opponent team in the game. 14. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to display the plurality of avatars corresponding to the plurality of users based on a change in a situation in the output content. 15. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to display the plurality of avatars based on detected changes in postures of the plurality of users. 16. A control method, comprising: in a control device:
acquiring first information of presence of a plurality of users that utilizes same content as output content; receiving second information of a direction of each user of the plurality of users, wherein the second information is received through a head-mounted display associated with a respective user of the plurality of users; determining a plurality of positions of a plurality of avatars displayed in a virtual space, having the plurality of avatars, based on the first information and the second information, wherein the plurality of avatars corresponds to the plurality of users; and controlling a direction of at least one avatar of the plurality of avatars in the virtual space, wherein the direction of the at least one avatar is controlled such that the at least one avatar appears to view the output content in the virtual space. 17. The control method according to claim 16, wherein the plurality of positions of the plurality of avatars is determined based on details of the output content received from a content server. 18. The control method according to claim 16, wherein the output content is a game, a first avatar of the plurality of avatars corresponds to a first user of the plurality of users, the first user is associated with the control device, the control method further comprising determining a display position of a first set of avatars with respect to a second set of avatars of the plurality of avatars in the virtual space, such that the first set of avatars and the first avatar are displayed on a first side and the second set of avatars are displayed on a second side opposite to the first side, wherein the first set of avatars corresponds to a first set of users of the plurality of users, the second set of avatars corresponds to a second set of users of the plurality of users, and the display position is determined based on a determination that the first set of users are rooting for a same team in the game as the first user, and the second set of users are rooting for an opponent team in the game. 19. The control method according to claim 16, further comprising determining a display position of a first avatar corresponding to a first user of the plurality of users with respect to a second avatar corresponding to a second user of the plurality of users in the virtual space, based on a level of intimacy of the first user with the second user estimated from a social graph of a social networking service (SNS). 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer-executable instructions, which when executed by a processor of a control device, cause the processor to execute operations, the operations comprising:
acquiring first information of presence of a plurality of users that utilizes same content as output content; receiving second information of a direction of each user of the plurality of users, wherein the second information is received through a head-mounted display associated with a respective user of the plurality of users; determining a plurality of positions of a plurality of avatars displayed in a virtual space based on the first information and the second information, wherein the plurality of avatars corresponds to the plurality of users; and controlling a direction of at least one avatar of the plurality of avatars in the virtual space, wherein the direction of the at least one avatar is controlled such that the at least one avatar appears to view the output content in the virtual space. | There is provided a display control device including a user information acquisition unit configured to acquire information on presence of one or more users who are using same content as output content, a user position decision unit configured to decide display positions of the presence of the users with the information on the presence of the users acquired by the user information acquisition unit, and a display control unit configured to exert control to display the information on the presence of the users on the basis of the display positions decided by the user position decision unit in a manner that the users appear to be using the content together.1. A control device, comprising:
circuitry configured to: acquire first information of presence of a plurality of users that utilizes same content as output content in virtual space; receive second information of a direction of each user of the plurality of users in real space, wherein the second information is received through a head-mounted display associated with a respective user of the plurality of users; determine at least two avatars displayed in a virtual space from the plurality of avatars at the same time based on the first information, wherein the plurality of avatars corresponds to the plurality of users; determine directions of at least the two avatars displayed in a virtual space, having the plurality of avatars, based on the second information; and control a direction of at least one avatar of the plurality of avatars in the virtual space, wherein the direction of the at least one avatar is controlled such that the at least one avatar appears to view the output content in the virtual space. 2. The control device according to claim 1,
wherein a first avatar of the plurality of avatars corresponds to a first user of the plurality of users, a second avatar of the plurality of avatars corresponds to a second user of the plurality of users, the circuitry is further configured to change a display position of the first avatar with respect to a display position of the second avatar based on an actual distance between the first user and the second user, and the first user is associated with the control device. 3. The control device according to claim 2, wherein the circuitry is further configured to change display positions of the plurality of avatars with respect to the first avatar in the virtual space in order of increasing actual distance of respective users of the plurality of users from the first user. 4. The control device according to claim 1,
wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the plurality of positions based on third information associated with communication services. 5. The control device according to claim 4,
wherein the communication services comprise social networking services (SNS). 6. The control device according to claim 5,
wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine a display position of a first avatar corresponding to a first user of the plurality of users with respect to a second avatar corresponding to a second user of the plurality of users in the virtual space, based on a level of intimacy of the first user with the second user estimated from a social graph of the SNS. 7. The control device according to claim 6, wherein the display position of the first avatar is closer to the second avatar among the plurality of avatars based on a determination that the first user has a deep intimacy with the second user from the social graph of the SNS. 8. The control device according to claim 1, wherein a first avatar of the plurality of avatars corresponds to a first user of the plurality of users, the circuitry is further configured to display a first set of avatars among the plurality of avatars closer to the first avatar, based on a determination that a first set of users of the plurality of users corresponding to the first set of avatars actively leave messages, and the first user is associated with the control device. 9. The control device according to claim 6, wherein the circuitry is further configured to display a second set of avatars among the plurality of avatars away from the first avatar, based on a determination that a second set of users corresponding to the second set of avatars one of: leaves less than or equal to a threshold amount of messages within a determined time, or does not leave messages, and the second set of users is different from the first set of users. 10. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to acquire, from an external device, position information associated with the plurality of users. 11. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to: acquire privacy settings from an external device, wherein the external device registers the privacy settings in units of groups based on user input; and control display of the plurality of avatars based on the privacy settings. 12. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to determine the plurality of positions of the plurality of avatars based on details of the output content received from a content server. 13. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the output content is a game, a first avatar of the plurality of avatars corresponds to a first user of the plurality of users, the first user is associated with the control device, the circuitry is further configured to determine a display position of a first set of avatars with respect to a second set of avatars of the plurality of avatars in the virtual space, such that the first set of avatars and the first avatar are displayed on a first side and the second set of avatars are displayed on a second side opposite to the first side, wherein the first set of avatars corresponds to a first set of users of the plurality of users, the second set of avatars corresponds to a second set of users of the plurality of users, and the display position is determined based on a determination that the first set of users are rooting for a same team in the game as the first user, and the second set of users are rooting for an opponent team in the game. 14. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to display the plurality of avatars corresponding to the plurality of users based on a change in a situation in the output content. 15. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to display the plurality of avatars based on detected changes in postures of the plurality of users. 16. A control method, comprising: in a control device:
acquiring first information of presence of a plurality of users that utilizes same content as output content; receiving second information of a direction of each user of the plurality of users, wherein the second information is received through a head-mounted display associated with a respective user of the plurality of users; determining a plurality of positions of a plurality of avatars displayed in a virtual space, having the plurality of avatars, based on the first information and the second information, wherein the plurality of avatars corresponds to the plurality of users; and controlling a direction of at least one avatar of the plurality of avatars in the virtual space, wherein the direction of the at least one avatar is controlled such that the at least one avatar appears to view the output content in the virtual space. 17. The control method according to claim 16, wherein the plurality of positions of the plurality of avatars is determined based on details of the output content received from a content server. 18. The control method according to claim 16, wherein the output content is a game, a first avatar of the plurality of avatars corresponds to a first user of the plurality of users, the first user is associated with the control device, the control method further comprising determining a display position of a first set of avatars with respect to a second set of avatars of the plurality of avatars in the virtual space, such that the first set of avatars and the first avatar are displayed on a first side and the second set of avatars are displayed on a second side opposite to the first side, wherein the first set of avatars corresponds to a first set of users of the plurality of users, the second set of avatars corresponds to a second set of users of the plurality of users, and the display position is determined based on a determination that the first set of users are rooting for a same team in the game as the first user, and the second set of users are rooting for an opponent team in the game. 19. The control method according to claim 16, further comprising determining a display position of a first avatar corresponding to a first user of the plurality of users with respect to a second avatar corresponding to a second user of the plurality of users in the virtual space, based on a level of intimacy of the first user with the second user estimated from a social graph of a social networking service (SNS). 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer-executable instructions, which when executed by a processor of a control device, cause the processor to execute operations, the operations comprising:
acquiring first information of presence of a plurality of users that utilizes same content as output content; receiving second information of a direction of each user of the plurality of users, wherein the second information is received through a head-mounted display associated with a respective user of the plurality of users; determining a plurality of positions of a plurality of avatars displayed in a virtual space based on the first information and the second information, wherein the plurality of avatars corresponds to the plurality of users; and controlling a direction of at least one avatar of the plurality of avatars in the virtual space, wherein the direction of the at least one avatar is controlled such that the at least one avatar appears to view the output content in the virtual space. | 2,600 |
339,375 | 16,800,297 | 2,651 | The present disclosure discloses a battery box lamp wire installation structure, which relates to the technical field of power supply devices and it comprises a case, provided with an accommodating cavity inside; a printed circuit board, horizontally located in the accommodating cavity and fixedly connected with the case; an end cap, movably mounted on one end of the case, and the end cap is provided with a wire hole A; a lamp wire, of which one end penetrating through the wire hole A and restrained within the end cap; a connector, detachably mounted at the inner side of the end cap and fixing the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire; the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire are in electrical connection with the printed circuit board respectively when the end cap is mounted onto the case. | 1. A battery box lamp wire installation structure, wherein it comprises:
a case, provided with an accommodating cavity inside; a printed circuit board, horizontally located in the accommodating cavity and fixedly connected with the case; an end cap, movably mounted on one end of the case, and the end cap is provided with a wire hole A; a lamp wire, of which one end penetrating through the wire hole A and restrained within the end cap; a connector, detachably mounted at the inner side of the end cap and fixing the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire; the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire are in electrical connection with the printed circuit board respectively when the end cap is mounted onto the case. 2. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 1, wherein one end of the connector, the end of which close to the printed circuit board, is provided with two electric conductors which are fixedly connected with the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire and abut against the printed circuit board respectively so as to electrically connect the printed circuit board. 3. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 1, wherein one end of the lamp wire, the end of which penetrating through the wire hole A, is provided with a knot that is limited within the end cap. 4. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 2, wherein the connector comprises a transverse plate arranged along the horizontal direction, and a vertical plate penetrating through the transverse plate and arranged along the vertical direction; the two electric conductors are mounted on the transverse plate and located at the two sides of the vertical plate; the inner side of the end cap protrudes outwards to form a positioning column and two vertical connecting columns; the knot is located between the two connecting columns; a positioning notch A is formed on each positioning column; the side edge of the transverse plate is embedded in the positioning notches A; and two screws penetrate through the upper and lower sides of the vertical plate respectively to be in screw connection with the two connecting columns. 5. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 1, wherein the connector comprises a convert column; one side, away from the end cap, of the convert column is recessed inward to form a groove for embedding the knot; the inner wall, close to the end cap, of the groove has a wire hole B for a lamp wire to penetrate through; the convert column extends toward the printed circuit board to form two wire clamping portions that are transversely arranged and located at the two sides of the convert column; the end cap extends inward along the wire hole A to form a positioning ring for embedding of the convert column; one side, away from the end cap, of the positioning ring is recessed inward to form a positioning notch B for embedding the wire clamping portions; one side, close to the printed circuit board, of each wire clamping portion is recessed inward to form a wire clamping groove; the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire are embedded in the two wire clamping grooves respectively and sandwiched between the printed circuit board and the wire clamping portion to electrically connect the printed circuit board. 6. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 5, wherein a strip-shaped slot is formed along the outer wall of the convert column and penetrates through the groove and the wire hole B; a raised strip corresponding to the strip-shaped slot is formed by radially protruding inward along the inner wall of the wire hole A; and the raised strip is inserted into the strip-shaped slot transversely. 7. A battery box lamp wire installation structure, wherein it comprises:
a case, provided with an accommodating cavity inside; a printed circuit board, located in the accommodating cavity and fixedly connected with the case; an end cap, movably mounted on one end of the case; a connector, detachably mounted at the outer side of the end cap and provided with a wire hole C; a lamp wire, of which one end penetrates through the wire hole C and is restrained within the connector; two electric conductors, arranged at the inner side of the end cap and fixedly connected with the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire respectively; the two electric conductors abut against the printed circuit board respectively to be in electrical connection with the printed circuit board when the end cap is mounted onto the case. 8. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 7, wherein the upper and lower edges of the connector extend inward to form a buckle bulge respectively; the knot is located between the two buckle bulges; buckling grooves corresponding to the buckle bulge are formed at the outer side of the end cap; the connector is embedded in the end cap and is in snap joint with the end cap; the location, corresponding to the knot, on the end cap is vertically provided with a support wall; the two electric conductors are transversely embedded on the support wall respectively; one ends of the two electric conductors are fixedly connected with the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire by welding respectively, and the other ends thereof respectively abut against the printed circuit board to electrically connect the printed circuit board. 9. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 7, wherein the connector is detachably mounted on the outer side of the end cap; one end, penetrating through the wire hole C, of the lamp wire is provided with a knot that is limited within the connector. 10. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 7, wherein a connecting portion is formed by inward extending of the connector and penetrates through the end cap; one side, close to the wire hole C, of the connecting portion is vertically provided with a rope slot in a penetrated manner; the knot is located within the rope slot; the side wall, close to the printed circuit board, of the rope slot is transversely provided with two rope holes in a penetrated manner; the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire respectively penetrate through the rope holes; the connecting portion is vertically provided with two insertion holes in a penetrated manner; each insertion hole corresponds to one rope hole; each electric conductor is of a U-shaped structure and is embedded in one side, close to the printed circuit board, of the connecting portion; one end of the U-shaped structure is inserted into the insertion hole and penetrates the lamp wire; the other end of the U-shaped structure is located at the outer side of the connecting portion and vertically abuts against the printed circuit board to electrically connect the printed circuit board. 11. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 10, wherein the connector transversely penetrates through the horizontal plane in which the center of the wire hole C is located, along the two side walls of the rope slot, to separate into detachable pressing blocks; and the inner side of the pressing block vertically extends to form a limiting portion that is embedded in the rope slot. 12. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 10, wherein the two rope holes and the wire hole C are at the same horizontal plane; the connector transversely penetrates through the horizontal plane in which the center of the wire hole C is located to be separated into an upper half portion and a lower half portion in the vertical direction; and the upper half portion and the lower half portion of the connector are mutually imbedded. | The present disclosure discloses a battery box lamp wire installation structure, which relates to the technical field of power supply devices and it comprises a case, provided with an accommodating cavity inside; a printed circuit board, horizontally located in the accommodating cavity and fixedly connected with the case; an end cap, movably mounted on one end of the case, and the end cap is provided with a wire hole A; a lamp wire, of which one end penetrating through the wire hole A and restrained within the end cap; a connector, detachably mounted at the inner side of the end cap and fixing the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire; the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire are in electrical connection with the printed circuit board respectively when the end cap is mounted onto the case.1. A battery box lamp wire installation structure, wherein it comprises:
a case, provided with an accommodating cavity inside; a printed circuit board, horizontally located in the accommodating cavity and fixedly connected with the case; an end cap, movably mounted on one end of the case, and the end cap is provided with a wire hole A; a lamp wire, of which one end penetrating through the wire hole A and restrained within the end cap; a connector, detachably mounted at the inner side of the end cap and fixing the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire; the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire are in electrical connection with the printed circuit board respectively when the end cap is mounted onto the case. 2. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 1, wherein one end of the connector, the end of which close to the printed circuit board, is provided with two electric conductors which are fixedly connected with the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire and abut against the printed circuit board respectively so as to electrically connect the printed circuit board. 3. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 1, wherein one end of the lamp wire, the end of which penetrating through the wire hole A, is provided with a knot that is limited within the end cap. 4. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 2, wherein the connector comprises a transverse plate arranged along the horizontal direction, and a vertical plate penetrating through the transverse plate and arranged along the vertical direction; the two electric conductors are mounted on the transverse plate and located at the two sides of the vertical plate; the inner side of the end cap protrudes outwards to form a positioning column and two vertical connecting columns; the knot is located between the two connecting columns; a positioning notch A is formed on each positioning column; the side edge of the transverse plate is embedded in the positioning notches A; and two screws penetrate through the upper and lower sides of the vertical plate respectively to be in screw connection with the two connecting columns. 5. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 1, wherein the connector comprises a convert column; one side, away from the end cap, of the convert column is recessed inward to form a groove for embedding the knot; the inner wall, close to the end cap, of the groove has a wire hole B for a lamp wire to penetrate through; the convert column extends toward the printed circuit board to form two wire clamping portions that are transversely arranged and located at the two sides of the convert column; the end cap extends inward along the wire hole A to form a positioning ring for embedding of the convert column; one side, away from the end cap, of the positioning ring is recessed inward to form a positioning notch B for embedding the wire clamping portions; one side, close to the printed circuit board, of each wire clamping portion is recessed inward to form a wire clamping groove; the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire are embedded in the two wire clamping grooves respectively and sandwiched between the printed circuit board and the wire clamping portion to electrically connect the printed circuit board. 6. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 5, wherein a strip-shaped slot is formed along the outer wall of the convert column and penetrates through the groove and the wire hole B; a raised strip corresponding to the strip-shaped slot is formed by radially protruding inward along the inner wall of the wire hole A; and the raised strip is inserted into the strip-shaped slot transversely. 7. A battery box lamp wire installation structure, wherein it comprises:
a case, provided with an accommodating cavity inside; a printed circuit board, located in the accommodating cavity and fixedly connected with the case; an end cap, movably mounted on one end of the case; a connector, detachably mounted at the outer side of the end cap and provided with a wire hole C; a lamp wire, of which one end penetrates through the wire hole C and is restrained within the connector; two electric conductors, arranged at the inner side of the end cap and fixedly connected with the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire respectively; the two electric conductors abut against the printed circuit board respectively to be in electrical connection with the printed circuit board when the end cap is mounted onto the case. 8. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 7, wherein the upper and lower edges of the connector extend inward to form a buckle bulge respectively; the knot is located between the two buckle bulges; buckling grooves corresponding to the buckle bulge are formed at the outer side of the end cap; the connector is embedded in the end cap and is in snap joint with the end cap; the location, corresponding to the knot, on the end cap is vertically provided with a support wall; the two electric conductors are transversely embedded on the support wall respectively; one ends of the two electric conductors are fixedly connected with the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire by welding respectively, and the other ends thereof respectively abut against the printed circuit board to electrically connect the printed circuit board. 9. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 7, wherein the connector is detachably mounted on the outer side of the end cap; one end, penetrating through the wire hole C, of the lamp wire is provided with a knot that is limited within the connector. 10. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 7, wherein a connecting portion is formed by inward extending of the connector and penetrates through the end cap; one side, close to the wire hole C, of the connecting portion is vertically provided with a rope slot in a penetrated manner; the knot is located within the rope slot; the side wall, close to the printed circuit board, of the rope slot is transversely provided with two rope holes in a penetrated manner; the positive and negative ends of the lamp wire respectively penetrate through the rope holes; the connecting portion is vertically provided with two insertion holes in a penetrated manner; each insertion hole corresponds to one rope hole; each electric conductor is of a U-shaped structure and is embedded in one side, close to the printed circuit board, of the connecting portion; one end of the U-shaped structure is inserted into the insertion hole and penetrates the lamp wire; the other end of the U-shaped structure is located at the outer side of the connecting portion and vertically abuts against the printed circuit board to electrically connect the printed circuit board. 11. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 10, wherein the connector transversely penetrates through the horizontal plane in which the center of the wire hole C is located, along the two side walls of the rope slot, to separate into detachable pressing blocks; and the inner side of the pressing block vertically extends to form a limiting portion that is embedded in the rope slot. 12. The battery box lamp wire installation structure of claim 10, wherein the two rope holes and the wire hole C are at the same horizontal plane; the connector transversely penetrates through the horizontal plane in which the center of the wire hole C is located to be separated into an upper half portion and a lower half portion in the vertical direction; and the upper half portion and the lower half portion of the connector are mutually imbedded. | 2,600 |
339,376 | 16,800,295 | 2,651 | Systems and methods are disclosed for a local evolved packet core (EPC) that interoperates with an eNodeB and a remote EPC. In one embodiment, a method for establishing an ad hoc local network may be disclosed, comprising: monitoring an availability of a connection to a remote core network; creating a first data connection between a first mobile device and a local core network module, thereby permitting a first mobile device to attach to a local network base station without connectivity to the remote core network; identifying, at a local core network module, reconnection to the remote core network; sending, from the local core network module to the remote core network, a service request message based on a prior message received from the first mobile device at the local core network module; creating a second data connection between the local network base station and the remote core network; and forwarding downlink data, received from the remote core network via at the second data connection, to the first mobile device via the first data connection. | 1. A method for establishing an ad hoc local network, comprising:
monitoring, at a coordination server, an availability of a connection to a remote core network; receiving a first request from a first mobile device to attach to a local network base station at the local network base station; creating a session for the first mobile device at a local core network module via the coordination server; sending a first authorization message to the first mobile device, thereby permitting the first mobile device to attach to the local network base station without use of the remote core network;
receiving a second request from the first mobile device coupled to the local network base station to create a data session to transfer data from the first mobile device to a second mobile device coupled to the local network base station;
sending a second authorization message to the first mobile device to permit the first mobile device to create the data session; and
sending a message to the second mobile device to set up the data session from the first mobile device to the second mobile device,
thereby permitting the first mobile device to create a bearer for communication with the second mobile device without use of the remote core network. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending location and the session for the first mobile device to the remote core network when the remote core network is connected to the local network base station. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising proxying communications between the first mobile device and the remote core network. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising synchronizing application state for one or more mobile device applications. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more mobile device applications includes one of: push-to-talk (PTT), public safety audio communications, voice over IP (VOIP), video calling, audio calling, text messaging, Web browsing or other hypertext transport protocol (HTTP)-based file transport, calendar synchronization, email, file transfer, and file synchronization. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising switching from a local core network mode to a remote core network mode based on the availability of the connection to the remote core network. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring, at a coordination server, network characteristics including one or more of received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and block error rate (BLER), and switching to a local core network module mode when the monitored network characteristics are determined to be below a threshold. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating a local core network module based on the availability of the connection to the remote core network. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending, at periodic intervals, a heartbeat message to the remote core network in order to determine whether connectivity is available. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a handover of a bearer from the local core network module to the remote core network. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a handover of a bearer from the remote core network to the local core network module. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising performing IP address translation to enable the handover. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising caching authentication credentials from the remote core network for use in authorizing mobile device requests. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the authentication credentials may include international mobile equipment identity (IMEI) credentials. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising authenticating the first mobile device at each local base station providing services to the mobile device, thereby requiring mutual authentication by base stations in a network. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing a mesh network with a second local network base station, and receiving core network requests from the second local network base station. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the remote core network is a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) evolved packet core (EPC) and includes a mobility management entity (MME), a serving gateway (SGW), a packet gateway (PGW), and a home subscriber server (HSS). 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising virtualizing a plurality of core networks at the local network base station. | Systems and methods are disclosed for a local evolved packet core (EPC) that interoperates with an eNodeB and a remote EPC. In one embodiment, a method for establishing an ad hoc local network may be disclosed, comprising: monitoring an availability of a connection to a remote core network; creating a first data connection between a first mobile device and a local core network module, thereby permitting a first mobile device to attach to a local network base station without connectivity to the remote core network; identifying, at a local core network module, reconnection to the remote core network; sending, from the local core network module to the remote core network, a service request message based on a prior message received from the first mobile device at the local core network module; creating a second data connection between the local network base station and the remote core network; and forwarding downlink data, received from the remote core network via at the second data connection, to the first mobile device via the first data connection.1. A method for establishing an ad hoc local network, comprising:
monitoring, at a coordination server, an availability of a connection to a remote core network; receiving a first request from a first mobile device to attach to a local network base station at the local network base station; creating a session for the first mobile device at a local core network module via the coordination server; sending a first authorization message to the first mobile device, thereby permitting the first mobile device to attach to the local network base station without use of the remote core network;
receiving a second request from the first mobile device coupled to the local network base station to create a data session to transfer data from the first mobile device to a second mobile device coupled to the local network base station;
sending a second authorization message to the first mobile device to permit the first mobile device to create the data session; and
sending a message to the second mobile device to set up the data session from the first mobile device to the second mobile device,
thereby permitting the first mobile device to create a bearer for communication with the second mobile device without use of the remote core network. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending location and the session for the first mobile device to the remote core network when the remote core network is connected to the local network base station. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising proxying communications between the first mobile device and the remote core network. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising synchronizing application state for one or more mobile device applications. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more mobile device applications includes one of: push-to-talk (PTT), public safety audio communications, voice over IP (VOIP), video calling, audio calling, text messaging, Web browsing or other hypertext transport protocol (HTTP)-based file transport, calendar synchronization, email, file transfer, and file synchronization. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising switching from a local core network mode to a remote core network mode based on the availability of the connection to the remote core network. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring, at a coordination server, network characteristics including one or more of received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and block error rate (BLER), and switching to a local core network module mode when the monitored network characteristics are determined to be below a threshold. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating a local core network module based on the availability of the connection to the remote core network. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending, at periodic intervals, a heartbeat message to the remote core network in order to determine whether connectivity is available. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a handover of a bearer from the local core network module to the remote core network. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a handover of a bearer from the remote core network to the local core network module. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising performing IP address translation to enable the handover. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising caching authentication credentials from the remote core network for use in authorizing mobile device requests. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the authentication credentials may include international mobile equipment identity (IMEI) credentials. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising authenticating the first mobile device at each local base station providing services to the mobile device, thereby requiring mutual authentication by base stations in a network. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing a mesh network with a second local network base station, and receiving core network requests from the second local network base station. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the remote core network is a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) evolved packet core (EPC) and includes a mobility management entity (MME), a serving gateway (SGW), a packet gateway (PGW), and a home subscriber server (HSS). 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising virtualizing a plurality of core networks at the local network base station. | 2,600 |
339,377 | 16,800,293 | 3,612 | Systems and methods are disclosed for a local evolved packet core (EPC) that interoperates with an eNodeB and a remote EPC. In one embodiment, a method for establishing an ad hoc local network may be disclosed, comprising: monitoring an availability of a connection to a remote core network; creating a first data connection between a first mobile device and a local core network module, thereby permitting a first mobile device to attach to a local network base station without connectivity to the remote core network; identifying, at a local core network module, reconnection to the remote core network; sending, from the local core network module to the remote core network, a service request message based on a prior message received from the first mobile device at the local core network module; creating a second data connection between the local network base station and the remote core network; and forwarding downlink data, received from the remote core network via at the second data connection, to the first mobile device via the first data connection. | 1. A method for establishing an ad hoc local network, comprising:
monitoring, at a coordination server, an availability of a connection to a remote core network; receiving a first request from a first mobile device to attach to a local network base station at the local network base station; creating a session for the first mobile device at a local core network module via the coordination server; sending a first authorization message to the first mobile device, thereby permitting the first mobile device to attach to the local network base station without use of the remote core network;
receiving a second request from the first mobile device coupled to the local network base station to create a data session to transfer data from the first mobile device to a second mobile device coupled to the local network base station;
sending a second authorization message to the first mobile device to permit the first mobile device to create the data session; and
sending a message to the second mobile device to set up the data session from the first mobile device to the second mobile device,
thereby permitting the first mobile device to create a bearer for communication with the second mobile device without use of the remote core network. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending location and the session for the first mobile device to the remote core network when the remote core network is connected to the local network base station. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising proxying communications between the first mobile device and the remote core network. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising synchronizing application state for one or more mobile device applications. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more mobile device applications includes one of: push-to-talk (PTT), public safety audio communications, voice over IP (VOIP), video calling, audio calling, text messaging, Web browsing or other hypertext transport protocol (HTTP)-based file transport, calendar synchronization, email, file transfer, and file synchronization. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising switching from a local core network mode to a remote core network mode based on the availability of the connection to the remote core network. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring, at a coordination server, network characteristics including one or more of received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and block error rate (BLER), and switching to a local core network module mode when the monitored network characteristics are determined to be below a threshold. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating a local core network module based on the availability of the connection to the remote core network. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending, at periodic intervals, a heartbeat message to the remote core network in order to determine whether connectivity is available. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a handover of a bearer from the local core network module to the remote core network. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a handover of a bearer from the remote core network to the local core network module. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising performing IP address translation to enable the handover. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising caching authentication credentials from the remote core network for use in authorizing mobile device requests. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the authentication credentials may include international mobile equipment identity (IMEI) credentials. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising authenticating the first mobile device at each local base station providing services to the mobile device, thereby requiring mutual authentication by base stations in a network. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing a mesh network with a second local network base station, and receiving core network requests from the second local network base station. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the remote core network is a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) evolved packet core (EPC) and includes a mobility management entity (MME), a serving gateway (SGW), a packet gateway (PGW), and a home subscriber server (HSS). 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising virtualizing a plurality of core networks at the local network base station. | Systems and methods are disclosed for a local evolved packet core (EPC) that interoperates with an eNodeB and a remote EPC. In one embodiment, a method for establishing an ad hoc local network may be disclosed, comprising: monitoring an availability of a connection to a remote core network; creating a first data connection between a first mobile device and a local core network module, thereby permitting a first mobile device to attach to a local network base station without connectivity to the remote core network; identifying, at a local core network module, reconnection to the remote core network; sending, from the local core network module to the remote core network, a service request message based on a prior message received from the first mobile device at the local core network module; creating a second data connection between the local network base station and the remote core network; and forwarding downlink data, received from the remote core network via at the second data connection, to the first mobile device via the first data connection.1. A method for establishing an ad hoc local network, comprising:
monitoring, at a coordination server, an availability of a connection to a remote core network; receiving a first request from a first mobile device to attach to a local network base station at the local network base station; creating a session for the first mobile device at a local core network module via the coordination server; sending a first authorization message to the first mobile device, thereby permitting the first mobile device to attach to the local network base station without use of the remote core network;
receiving a second request from the first mobile device coupled to the local network base station to create a data session to transfer data from the first mobile device to a second mobile device coupled to the local network base station;
sending a second authorization message to the first mobile device to permit the first mobile device to create the data session; and
sending a message to the second mobile device to set up the data session from the first mobile device to the second mobile device,
thereby permitting the first mobile device to create a bearer for communication with the second mobile device without use of the remote core network. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending location and the session for the first mobile device to the remote core network when the remote core network is connected to the local network base station. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising proxying communications between the first mobile device and the remote core network. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising synchronizing application state for one or more mobile device applications. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more mobile device applications includes one of: push-to-talk (PTT), public safety audio communications, voice over IP (VOIP), video calling, audio calling, text messaging, Web browsing or other hypertext transport protocol (HTTP)-based file transport, calendar synchronization, email, file transfer, and file synchronization. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising switching from a local core network mode to a remote core network mode based on the availability of the connection to the remote core network. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising monitoring, at a coordination server, network characteristics including one or more of received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and block error rate (BLER), and switching to a local core network module mode when the monitored network characteristics are determined to be below a threshold. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising creating a local core network module based on the availability of the connection to the remote core network. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising sending, at periodic intervals, a heartbeat message to the remote core network in order to determine whether connectivity is available. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a handover of a bearer from the local core network module to the remote core network. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a handover of a bearer from the remote core network to the local core network module. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising performing IP address translation to enable the handover. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising caching authentication credentials from the remote core network for use in authorizing mobile device requests. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the authentication credentials may include international mobile equipment identity (IMEI) credentials. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising authenticating the first mobile device at each local base station providing services to the mobile device, thereby requiring mutual authentication by base stations in a network. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing a mesh network with a second local network base station, and receiving core network requests from the second local network base station. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the remote core network is a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) evolved packet core (EPC) and includes a mobility management entity (MME), a serving gateway (SGW), a packet gateway (PGW), and a home subscriber server (HSS). 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising virtualizing a plurality of core networks at the local network base station. | 3,600 |
339,378 | 16,800,275 | 2,631 | A receiver with a power detecting function for a pulsed signal is provided. Said receiver comprises an accumulator for accumulating samples of the respective power of the corresponding signal over time. In this context, the respective accumulation length is a window being based on the pulse length of the corresponding signal. Furthermore, the receiver may additionally comprise an output for outputting several windows and a maximum detector. In this context, the maximum detector is configured to determine a maximum power value of the several windows. | 1. A receiver with a power detecting function for a pulsed signal, the receiver comprising:
an accumulator configured to accumulate samples of the respective power of the corresponding signal over time; and wherein the respective accumulation length is a window that is based on the pulse length of the corresponding signal. 2. The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises:
an output, wherein the output is configured to output several power values averaged or accumulated over a window; and a maximum detector, wherein the maximum detector is configured to determine the maximum of said power values. 3. The receiver according to claim 2, wherein the maximum power value over the several windows comprises the respective detected power of the corresponding pulse when it is in on-state. 4. The receiver according to claim 2, wherein the receiver further comprises:
a control, wherein the control is configured to instruct the maximum detector when to start or reset. 5. The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises:
an attenuator comprising an input, wherein the input is configured to receive a respective pulse power for setting to auto-level. 6. The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises:
a minimum power detector, wherein the minimum power detector is configured to provide the respective level of the corresponding signal when it is in off-state. 7. The receiver according to claim 6, wherein the receiver or the minimum power detector is configured to use the respective level and/or corresponding powers as an input in order to provide a trigger level. 8. The receiver according to claim 6, wherein the minimum power detector comprises a variable window length. 9. The receiver according to claim 6, wherein the minimum power detector is further configured to provide a respective noise level of the corresponding signal. 10. The receiver according to claim 2, wherein the receiver further comprises:
several parallel accumulators with different time delay; and wherein the maximum detector is configured to receive respective overlapping results from the corresponding time delay for determining the respective power of the corresponding on-signal. 11. The receiver according to claim 2, wherein the accumulator comprises a filter, and wherein an output of the filter comprises a sliding window provided to the maximum detector. 12. The receiver according to claim 11, wherein the filter comprises a finite impulse response filter or an infinite impulse response filter. 13. The receiver according to claim 11, wherein the filter comprises an accumulator followed by a decimator followed by a differentiator. 14. The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises:
a pre-processor, wherein the pre-processor is configured to pre-process the pulsed signal. 15. The receiver according to claim 14, wherein the pre-processor comprises a block accumulator and/or a down-sampler to reduce a respective sampling rate. 16. A receiving method with a power detecting function for a pulsed signal, the receiving method comprising the step of:
accumulating samples of the respective power of the corresponding signal over time, wherein the respective accumulation length is a window that is based on the pulse length of the corresponding signal. 17. The receiving method according to claim 16, wherein the receiving method further comprises the steps of:
outputting several windows; and determining a maximum power value of the several windows with the aid of a maximum detector. 18. The receiving method according to claim 17, wherein the maximum power value over the several windows comprises the respective detected power of the corresponding pulse when it is in on-state. 19. The receiving method according to claim 17, wherein the receiving method further comprises the step of:
instructing the maximum detector when to start or reset. 20. The receiving method according to claim 16, wherein the receiving method further comprises the step of:
receiving a respective pulse power for setting to auto-level. | A receiver with a power detecting function for a pulsed signal is provided. Said receiver comprises an accumulator for accumulating samples of the respective power of the corresponding signal over time. In this context, the respective accumulation length is a window being based on the pulse length of the corresponding signal. Furthermore, the receiver may additionally comprise an output for outputting several windows and a maximum detector. In this context, the maximum detector is configured to determine a maximum power value of the several windows.1. A receiver with a power detecting function for a pulsed signal, the receiver comprising:
an accumulator configured to accumulate samples of the respective power of the corresponding signal over time; and wherein the respective accumulation length is a window that is based on the pulse length of the corresponding signal. 2. The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises:
an output, wherein the output is configured to output several power values averaged or accumulated over a window; and a maximum detector, wherein the maximum detector is configured to determine the maximum of said power values. 3. The receiver according to claim 2, wherein the maximum power value over the several windows comprises the respective detected power of the corresponding pulse when it is in on-state. 4. The receiver according to claim 2, wherein the receiver further comprises:
a control, wherein the control is configured to instruct the maximum detector when to start or reset. 5. The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises:
an attenuator comprising an input, wherein the input is configured to receive a respective pulse power for setting to auto-level. 6. The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises:
a minimum power detector, wherein the minimum power detector is configured to provide the respective level of the corresponding signal when it is in off-state. 7. The receiver according to claim 6, wherein the receiver or the minimum power detector is configured to use the respective level and/or corresponding powers as an input in order to provide a trigger level. 8. The receiver according to claim 6, wherein the minimum power detector comprises a variable window length. 9. The receiver according to claim 6, wherein the minimum power detector is further configured to provide a respective noise level of the corresponding signal. 10. The receiver according to claim 2, wherein the receiver further comprises:
several parallel accumulators with different time delay; and wherein the maximum detector is configured to receive respective overlapping results from the corresponding time delay for determining the respective power of the corresponding on-signal. 11. The receiver according to claim 2, wherein the accumulator comprises a filter, and wherein an output of the filter comprises a sliding window provided to the maximum detector. 12. The receiver according to claim 11, wherein the filter comprises a finite impulse response filter or an infinite impulse response filter. 13. The receiver according to claim 11, wherein the filter comprises an accumulator followed by a decimator followed by a differentiator. 14. The receiver according to claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises:
a pre-processor, wherein the pre-processor is configured to pre-process the pulsed signal. 15. The receiver according to claim 14, wherein the pre-processor comprises a block accumulator and/or a down-sampler to reduce a respective sampling rate. 16. A receiving method with a power detecting function for a pulsed signal, the receiving method comprising the step of:
accumulating samples of the respective power of the corresponding signal over time, wherein the respective accumulation length is a window that is based on the pulse length of the corresponding signal. 17. The receiving method according to claim 16, wherein the receiving method further comprises the steps of:
outputting several windows; and determining a maximum power value of the several windows with the aid of a maximum detector. 18. The receiving method according to claim 17, wherein the maximum power value over the several windows comprises the respective detected power of the corresponding pulse when it is in on-state. 19. The receiving method according to claim 17, wherein the receiving method further comprises the step of:
instructing the maximum detector when to start or reset. 20. The receiving method according to claim 16, wherein the receiving method further comprises the step of:
receiving a respective pulse power for setting to auto-level. | 2,600 |
339,379 | 16,800,280 | 2,631 | A method of distinguishing between urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck and lung primaries is presented. A 19-gene signature was developed which differentiates between metastatic urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in a metastatic site when the primary site is either known or unknown. | 1. A method of diagnosing between urothelial carcinoma (UC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a patient and treating the patient according to the diagnosis comprising:
obtaining a tumor sample from the patient; obtaining expression levels of two or more genes in the tumor sample selected from the group consisting of AQP4, ATP13A4, C4BPA, CAMK2N1, FMO2, FOXE1, GATA3, HOXA11, IRX2, LRRC4, NAPSA, PEBP4, RPL39L, SCGB3A1 SCGB3A2, SFTA1P, SFTPA2, SFTPB, and SFTPD; performing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the expression levels of the at least two or more genes to obtain a first Principal Component Analysis score (PCA1) and a second Principal Component Analysis score (PCA2); wherein a diagnosis of UC is given if the PCA1 is below a first calculated cutoff and the PCA2 is below a second calculated cutoff; wherein a diagnosis of SCC is given if the PCA1 is above or equal to the first calculated cutoff and the PCA2 is above or equal to the second calculated cutoff; and treating the patient using surgery if the diagnosis is SCC or treating the patient by administering chemotherapy or immunotherapy if the diagnosis is UC. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first calculated cutoff for the PCA1 −5.1036 and the second calculated cutoff for PCA2 is 2.147621. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the tumor sample is taken from a lung nodule of the patient. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the tumor sample is taken from a metastatic site where a primary site is unknown. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient currently has or previously had urothelial carcinoma. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the SCC is a carcinoma of head and neck or lung primaries. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the UC is metastatic. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the chemotherapy is a therapeutically effective amount of a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the expression levels of the two or more genes are measured using multiplex PCR. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the expression levels of all the genes AQP4, ATP13A4, C4BPA, CAMK2N1, FMO2, FOXE1, GATA3, HOXA11, IRX2, LRRC4, NAPSA, PEBP4, RPL39L, SCGB3A1, SCGB3A2, SFTA1P, SFTPA2, SFTPB, and SFTPD are determined. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the expression levels of the genes are measured on HuRSTA chips. 12. A method of diagnosing and treating metastases from unknown primary in a patient comprising:
obtaining a tumor sample from a metastatic site in the patient; obtaining expression levels of genes AQP4, ATP13A4, C4BPA, CAMK2N1, FMO2, FOXE1, GATA3, HOXA11, IRX2, LRRC4 NAPSA, PEBP4, RPL39L, SCGB3A1, SCGB3A2, SFTA1P, SFTPA2, SFTPB, and SFTPD in the tumor sample; performing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the expression levels of the at least two or more genes to obtain a first Principal Component Analysis score (PCA1) and a second Principal Component Analysis score (PCA2); wherein a diagnosis of UC is given if the PCA1 is below −5.1036 and the PCA2 is below 2.147621; wherein a diagnosis of SCC is given if the PCA1 is above −5.1036 and the PCA2 is above 2.147621; and treating the patient using surgery if the diagnosis is SCC or treating the patient by administering chemotherapy or immunotherapy if the diagnosis is UC. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the expression levels of the genes are measured using multiplex PCR. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the metastatic site is a lung. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the chemotherapy is a therapeutically effective amount of a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent is cisplatin. | A method of distinguishing between urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck and lung primaries is presented. A 19-gene signature was developed which differentiates between metastatic urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in a metastatic site when the primary site is either known or unknown.1. A method of diagnosing between urothelial carcinoma (UC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a patient and treating the patient according to the diagnosis comprising:
obtaining a tumor sample from the patient; obtaining expression levels of two or more genes in the tumor sample selected from the group consisting of AQP4, ATP13A4, C4BPA, CAMK2N1, FMO2, FOXE1, GATA3, HOXA11, IRX2, LRRC4, NAPSA, PEBP4, RPL39L, SCGB3A1 SCGB3A2, SFTA1P, SFTPA2, SFTPB, and SFTPD; performing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the expression levels of the at least two or more genes to obtain a first Principal Component Analysis score (PCA1) and a second Principal Component Analysis score (PCA2); wherein a diagnosis of UC is given if the PCA1 is below a first calculated cutoff and the PCA2 is below a second calculated cutoff; wherein a diagnosis of SCC is given if the PCA1 is above or equal to the first calculated cutoff and the PCA2 is above or equal to the second calculated cutoff; and treating the patient using surgery if the diagnosis is SCC or treating the patient by administering chemotherapy or immunotherapy if the diagnosis is UC. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first calculated cutoff for the PCA1 −5.1036 and the second calculated cutoff for PCA2 is 2.147621. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the tumor sample is taken from a lung nodule of the patient. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the tumor sample is taken from a metastatic site where a primary site is unknown. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the patient currently has or previously had urothelial carcinoma. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the SCC is a carcinoma of head and neck or lung primaries. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the UC is metastatic. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the chemotherapy is a therapeutically effective amount of a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the expression levels of the two or more genes are measured using multiplex PCR. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the expression levels of all the genes AQP4, ATP13A4, C4BPA, CAMK2N1, FMO2, FOXE1, GATA3, HOXA11, IRX2, LRRC4, NAPSA, PEBP4, RPL39L, SCGB3A1, SCGB3A2, SFTA1P, SFTPA2, SFTPB, and SFTPD are determined. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the expression levels of the genes are measured on HuRSTA chips. 12. A method of diagnosing and treating metastases from unknown primary in a patient comprising:
obtaining a tumor sample from a metastatic site in the patient; obtaining expression levels of genes AQP4, ATP13A4, C4BPA, CAMK2N1, FMO2, FOXE1, GATA3, HOXA11, IRX2, LRRC4 NAPSA, PEBP4, RPL39L, SCGB3A1, SCGB3A2, SFTA1P, SFTPA2, SFTPB, and SFTPD in the tumor sample; performing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the expression levels of the at least two or more genes to obtain a first Principal Component Analysis score (PCA1) and a second Principal Component Analysis score (PCA2); wherein a diagnosis of UC is given if the PCA1 is below −5.1036 and the PCA2 is below 2.147621; wherein a diagnosis of SCC is given if the PCA1 is above −5.1036 and the PCA2 is above 2.147621; and treating the patient using surgery if the diagnosis is SCC or treating the patient by administering chemotherapy or immunotherapy if the diagnosis is UC. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the expression levels of the genes are measured using multiplex PCR. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the metastatic site is a lung. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the chemotherapy is a therapeutically effective amount of a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent is cisplatin. | 2,600 |
339,380 | 16,800,248 | 2,631 | An acoustic wave device is disclosed. The acoustic wave device includes a support layer, a ceramic layer positioned over the support layer, a piezoelectric layer positioned over the ceramic layer, and an interdigital transducer electrode positioned over the piezoelectric layer. The support layer has a higher thermal conductivity than the ceramic layer. The ceramic layer can be a polycrystalline spinel layer. The acoustic wave device can be a surface acoustic wave device configured to generate a surface acoustic wave. | 1. An acoustic wave device comprising:
a support substrate; a ceramic layer over the support substrate, the support substrate having a higher thermal conductivity than the ceramic layer; a piezoelectric layer over the ceramic layer; and an interdigital transducer electrode over the piezoelectric layer, the acoustic wave device configured to generate an acoustic wave. 2. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the support substrate is a single crystal layer. 3. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the support substrate includes silicon. 4. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the acoustic wave has a wavelength of λ, and the piezoelectric layer has a thickness in a range from 3λ, to 40λ. 5. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the ceramic layer includes polycrystalline spinel. 6. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the surface of the ceramic layer has a surface roughness in a range from 0.1 nanometers to 2 nanometers. 7. The acoustic wave device of claim 6 wherein the ceramic layer and the piezoelectric layer are directly bonded to each other without an intervening layer. 8. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the ceramic layer and the support substrate are bonded to each other by way of an adhesive. 9. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 further comprising a temperature compensation layer over the interdigital transducer electrode. 10. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the piezoelectric layer includes lithium based piezoelectric layer. 11. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the ceramic layer is arranged to scatter back reflections of the acoustic wave. 12. An acoustic wave device comprising:
a support substrate; a polycrystalline spinel layer over the support substrate, the support substrate has a greater thermal conductivity than the polycrystalline spinel layer; a piezoelectric layer over the polycrystalline spinel layer; and an interdigital transducer electrode over the piezoelectric layer, the acoustic wave resonator configured to generate an acoustic wave. 13. The acoustic wave device of claim 12 further comprising a temperature compensation layer over the interdigital transducer electrode. 14. The acoustic wave device of claim 12 wherein the support substrate includes silicon. 15. The acoustic wave device of claim 12 wherein the support substrate is thicker than the polycrystalline spinel layer. 16. The acoustic wave device of claim 12 wherein the surface of the polycrystalline spinel layer has a surface roughness in a range from 0.1 nanometers to 2 nanometers. 17. The acoustic wave device of claim 16 wherein the polycrystalline spinel layer and the piezoelectric layer are bonded to each other without an intervening layer. 18. The acoustic wave device of claim 12 wherein the acoustic wave has a wavelength of λ, and the piezoelectric layer has a thickness in a range from 3λ, to 40λ. 19. A surface acoustic wave filter comprising:
a surface acoustic wave resonator including a support substrate, a ceramic layer over the support substrate, a piezoelectric layer over the ceramic layer, and an interdigital transducer electrode over the piezoelectric layer; and a plurality of other surface acoustic wave resonators, the surface acoustic wave resonator and the plurality of other surface acoustic wave resonators together arranged to filter a radio frequency signal. 20. The surface acoustic wave filter of claim 19 wherein the ceramic layer is a polycrystalline spinel layer. | An acoustic wave device is disclosed. The acoustic wave device includes a support layer, a ceramic layer positioned over the support layer, a piezoelectric layer positioned over the ceramic layer, and an interdigital transducer electrode positioned over the piezoelectric layer. The support layer has a higher thermal conductivity than the ceramic layer. The ceramic layer can be a polycrystalline spinel layer. The acoustic wave device can be a surface acoustic wave device configured to generate a surface acoustic wave.1. An acoustic wave device comprising:
a support substrate; a ceramic layer over the support substrate, the support substrate having a higher thermal conductivity than the ceramic layer; a piezoelectric layer over the ceramic layer; and an interdigital transducer electrode over the piezoelectric layer, the acoustic wave device configured to generate an acoustic wave. 2. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the support substrate is a single crystal layer. 3. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the support substrate includes silicon. 4. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the acoustic wave has a wavelength of λ, and the piezoelectric layer has a thickness in a range from 3λ, to 40λ. 5. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the ceramic layer includes polycrystalline spinel. 6. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the surface of the ceramic layer has a surface roughness in a range from 0.1 nanometers to 2 nanometers. 7. The acoustic wave device of claim 6 wherein the ceramic layer and the piezoelectric layer are directly bonded to each other without an intervening layer. 8. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the ceramic layer and the support substrate are bonded to each other by way of an adhesive. 9. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 further comprising a temperature compensation layer over the interdigital transducer electrode. 10. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the piezoelectric layer includes lithium based piezoelectric layer. 11. The acoustic wave device of claim 1 wherein the ceramic layer is arranged to scatter back reflections of the acoustic wave. 12. An acoustic wave device comprising:
a support substrate; a polycrystalline spinel layer over the support substrate, the support substrate has a greater thermal conductivity than the polycrystalline spinel layer; a piezoelectric layer over the polycrystalline spinel layer; and an interdigital transducer electrode over the piezoelectric layer, the acoustic wave resonator configured to generate an acoustic wave. 13. The acoustic wave device of claim 12 further comprising a temperature compensation layer over the interdigital transducer electrode. 14. The acoustic wave device of claim 12 wherein the support substrate includes silicon. 15. The acoustic wave device of claim 12 wherein the support substrate is thicker than the polycrystalline spinel layer. 16. The acoustic wave device of claim 12 wherein the surface of the polycrystalline spinel layer has a surface roughness in a range from 0.1 nanometers to 2 nanometers. 17. The acoustic wave device of claim 16 wherein the polycrystalline spinel layer and the piezoelectric layer are bonded to each other without an intervening layer. 18. The acoustic wave device of claim 12 wherein the acoustic wave has a wavelength of λ, and the piezoelectric layer has a thickness in a range from 3λ, to 40λ. 19. A surface acoustic wave filter comprising:
a surface acoustic wave resonator including a support substrate, a ceramic layer over the support substrate, a piezoelectric layer over the ceramic layer, and an interdigital transducer electrode over the piezoelectric layer; and a plurality of other surface acoustic wave resonators, the surface acoustic wave resonator and the plurality of other surface acoustic wave resonators together arranged to filter a radio frequency signal. 20. The surface acoustic wave filter of claim 19 wherein the ceramic layer is a polycrystalline spinel layer. | 2,600 |
339,381 | 16,800,241 | 2,631 | According to one embodiment, a wireless communication device includes a transmitter configured to transmit a first frame including first information required for uplink multi-user transmission without receiving a transmission request for the first information; and a receiver configured to receive a second frame. | 1. A wireless communication device, comprising:
a transmitter configured to transmit a first frame including first information required for uplink multi-user transmission without receiving a transmission request for the first information; and a receiver configured to receive a second frame. 2.-20. (canceled) | According to one embodiment, a wireless communication device includes a transmitter configured to transmit a first frame including first information required for uplink multi-user transmission without receiving a transmission request for the first information; and a receiver configured to receive a second frame.1. A wireless communication device, comprising:
a transmitter configured to transmit a first frame including first information required for uplink multi-user transmission without receiving a transmission request for the first information; and a receiver configured to receive a second frame. 2.-20. (canceled) | 2,600 |
339,382 | 16,800,234 | 2,631 | According to one embodiment, a wireless communication device includes: a receiver configured to receive a plurality of first frames each including first information required for uplink multi-user transmission; and a transmitter configured to transmit a second frame generated on the basis of the first information included in the plurality of first frames. The transmitter does not transmit a transmission request for the first information before the first frames are received. The second frame is a frame instructing transmission of a third frame including data after a predetermined time from reception of the second frame. | 1. A wireless communication device, comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a plurality of first frames each including first information required for uplink multi-user transmission; and a transmitter configured to transmit a second frame generated on the basis of the first information included in the plurality of first frames wherein the transmitter does not transmit a transmission request for the first information before the first frames are received, and the second frame is a frame instructing transmission of a third frame including data after a predetermined time from reception of the second frame. 2.-20. (canceled) | According to one embodiment, a wireless communication device includes: a receiver configured to receive a plurality of first frames each including first information required for uplink multi-user transmission; and a transmitter configured to transmit a second frame generated on the basis of the first information included in the plurality of first frames. The transmitter does not transmit a transmission request for the first information before the first frames are received. The second frame is a frame instructing transmission of a third frame including data after a predetermined time from reception of the second frame.1. A wireless communication device, comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a plurality of first frames each including first information required for uplink multi-user transmission; and a transmitter configured to transmit a second frame generated on the basis of the first information included in the plurality of first frames wherein the transmitter does not transmit a transmission request for the first information before the first frames are received, and the second frame is a frame instructing transmission of a third frame including data after a predetermined time from reception of the second frame. 2.-20. (canceled) | 2,600 |
339,383 | 16,800,269 | 2,631 | A motor drive control device driving a motor having a first system coil and a second system coil, the motor drive control device comprising: a first drive circuit controlling energization of the first system coil; a second drive circuit controlling energization of the second system coil; a first temperature sensor detecting a temperature of the first drive circuit; a second temperature sensor detecting a temperature of the second drive circuit; and a signal output circuit outputting an output signal concerning whether or not any one of the first system coil and the second system coil is in an open state, based on a detection result by the first temperature sensor and a detection result by the second temperature sensor. | 1. A motor drive control device driving a motor having a first system coil and a second system coil, the motor drive control device comprising:
a first drive circuit controlling energization of the first system coil; a second drive circuit controlling energization of the second system coil; a first temperature sensor detecting a temperature of the first drive circuit; a second temperature sensor detecting a temperature of the second drive circuit; and a signal output circuit outputting an output signal concerning whether or not any one of the first system coil and the second system coil is in an open state, based on a detection result by the first temperature sensor and a detection result by the second temperature sensor. 2. The motor drive control device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an external output terminal from which the output signal is output, wherein the signal output circuit outputs, when the motor is normally driven, a first output signal as the output signal from the external output terminal, and outputs, when any one of the first system coil and the second system coil is in the open state, a second output signal indicating that the relevant one coil is in the open state, as the output signal, from the external output terminal. 3. The motor drive control device according to claim 2, wherein
the first output signal is a signal of which a voltage periodically varies with a rotation of the motor, and the second output signal is a signal of which a voltage is fixed. 4. The motor drive control device according to claim 2, wherein
the external output terminal is connected to an output terminal of the first drive circuit, and the first output signal is a signal output from the output terminal of the first drive circuit. 5. The motor drive control device according to claim 1, wherein
the signal output circuit includes
a comparison unit comparing the detection result by the first temperature sensor with the detection result by the second temperature sensor, and
a switching circuit outputting a switching signal, based on a comparison result of the comparison unit, and
outputs the output signal in accordance with the switching signal. 6. The motor drive control device according to claim 1, wherein
when a difference between the temperature of the first drive circuit detected by the first temperature sensor and the temperature of the second drive circuit detected by the second temperature sensor is larger than a predetermined value, the signal output circuit outputs an output signal indicating that any one of the first system coil and the second system coil is in the open state. | A motor drive control device driving a motor having a first system coil and a second system coil, the motor drive control device comprising: a first drive circuit controlling energization of the first system coil; a second drive circuit controlling energization of the second system coil; a first temperature sensor detecting a temperature of the first drive circuit; a second temperature sensor detecting a temperature of the second drive circuit; and a signal output circuit outputting an output signal concerning whether or not any one of the first system coil and the second system coil is in an open state, based on a detection result by the first temperature sensor and a detection result by the second temperature sensor.1. A motor drive control device driving a motor having a first system coil and a second system coil, the motor drive control device comprising:
a first drive circuit controlling energization of the first system coil; a second drive circuit controlling energization of the second system coil; a first temperature sensor detecting a temperature of the first drive circuit; a second temperature sensor detecting a temperature of the second drive circuit; and a signal output circuit outputting an output signal concerning whether or not any one of the first system coil and the second system coil is in an open state, based on a detection result by the first temperature sensor and a detection result by the second temperature sensor. 2. The motor drive control device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an external output terminal from which the output signal is output, wherein the signal output circuit outputs, when the motor is normally driven, a first output signal as the output signal from the external output terminal, and outputs, when any one of the first system coil and the second system coil is in the open state, a second output signal indicating that the relevant one coil is in the open state, as the output signal, from the external output terminal. 3. The motor drive control device according to claim 2, wherein
the first output signal is a signal of which a voltage periodically varies with a rotation of the motor, and the second output signal is a signal of which a voltage is fixed. 4. The motor drive control device according to claim 2, wherein
the external output terminal is connected to an output terminal of the first drive circuit, and the first output signal is a signal output from the output terminal of the first drive circuit. 5. The motor drive control device according to claim 1, wherein
the signal output circuit includes
a comparison unit comparing the detection result by the first temperature sensor with the detection result by the second temperature sensor, and
a switching circuit outputting a switching signal, based on a comparison result of the comparison unit, and
outputs the output signal in accordance with the switching signal. 6. The motor drive control device according to claim 1, wherein
when a difference between the temperature of the first drive circuit detected by the first temperature sensor and the temperature of the second drive circuit detected by the second temperature sensor is larger than a predetermined value, the signal output circuit outputs an output signal indicating that any one of the first system coil and the second system coil is in the open state. | 2,600 |
339,384 | 16,800,261 | 2,631 | A controller performs a first process of scanning a cylindrical irradiation region including a focused spot of laser light emitted from a laser light emitter to machine a flank face side of a workpiece to manufacture a cutting tool having a plurality of cutting edges arranged in line. In the first process, the controller scans the cylindrical irradiation region along a scanning path that has periodicity and changes a machining depth to form the plurality of cutting edges. The controller further performs a second process of scanning the cylindrical irradiation region including the focused spot of the laser light emitted in a direction different from an irradiation direction of the laser light in the first process to machine a rake face side of the workpiece. | 1. A method of manufacturing a cutting tool having a plurality of cutting edges arranged in line by machining a workpiece, the method comprising
a process of scanning a cylindrical irradiation region including a focused spot of laser light that has been emitted to machine a flank face side of the workpiece, wherein in the process, the cylindrical irradiation region is scanned along a scanning path that has periodicity and changes a machining depth to form the plurality of cutting edges, and the scanning path having periodicity results from alternately connecting a first path on which the cylindrical irradiation region is moved relative to the workpiece in a direction in which the machining depth increases and a second path on which the cylindrical irradiation region is moved relative to the workpiece in a direction in which the machining depth decreases, an irradiation direction of the laser light being different between the first path and the second path. 2. A method of manufacturing a cutting tool having a plurality of cutting edges arranged in line by machining a workpiece, the method comprising
a process of scanning a cylindrical irradiation region including a focused spot of laser light that has been emitted to machine a flank face side of the workpiece, and a different process of scanning the cylindrical irradiation region including the focused spot of the laser light emitted in a direction different from an irradiation direction of the laser light in the process to machine a rake face side of the workpiece, wherein in the process, the cylindrical irradiation region is scanned along a scanning path that has periodicity and changes a machining depth to form the plurality of cutting edges. 3. The method of manufacturing a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
in the process, the plurality of cutting edges are formed to have cutting edge tips arranged at equal intervals. 4. The method of manufacturing a cutting tool according to claim 2, wherein
in the process, the plurality of cutting edges are formed to have cutting edge tips arranged at equal intervals. 5. The method of manufacturing a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
the scanning path is a periodic wavy path. 6. The method of manufacturing a cutting tool according to claim 2, wherein
the scanning path is a periodic wavy path. 7. The method of manufacturing a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
the workpiece is a material that results from diamond-coating a tool base material. 8. The method of manufacturing a cutting tool according to claim 2, wherein
the workpiece is a material that results from diamond-coating a tool base material. | A controller performs a first process of scanning a cylindrical irradiation region including a focused spot of laser light emitted from a laser light emitter to machine a flank face side of a workpiece to manufacture a cutting tool having a plurality of cutting edges arranged in line. In the first process, the controller scans the cylindrical irradiation region along a scanning path that has periodicity and changes a machining depth to form the plurality of cutting edges. The controller further performs a second process of scanning the cylindrical irradiation region including the focused spot of the laser light emitted in a direction different from an irradiation direction of the laser light in the first process to machine a rake face side of the workpiece.1. A method of manufacturing a cutting tool having a plurality of cutting edges arranged in line by machining a workpiece, the method comprising
a process of scanning a cylindrical irradiation region including a focused spot of laser light that has been emitted to machine a flank face side of the workpiece, wherein in the process, the cylindrical irradiation region is scanned along a scanning path that has periodicity and changes a machining depth to form the plurality of cutting edges, and the scanning path having periodicity results from alternately connecting a first path on which the cylindrical irradiation region is moved relative to the workpiece in a direction in which the machining depth increases and a second path on which the cylindrical irradiation region is moved relative to the workpiece in a direction in which the machining depth decreases, an irradiation direction of the laser light being different between the first path and the second path. 2. A method of manufacturing a cutting tool having a plurality of cutting edges arranged in line by machining a workpiece, the method comprising
a process of scanning a cylindrical irradiation region including a focused spot of laser light that has been emitted to machine a flank face side of the workpiece, and a different process of scanning the cylindrical irradiation region including the focused spot of the laser light emitted in a direction different from an irradiation direction of the laser light in the process to machine a rake face side of the workpiece, wherein in the process, the cylindrical irradiation region is scanned along a scanning path that has periodicity and changes a machining depth to form the plurality of cutting edges. 3. The method of manufacturing a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
in the process, the plurality of cutting edges are formed to have cutting edge tips arranged at equal intervals. 4. The method of manufacturing a cutting tool according to claim 2, wherein
in the process, the plurality of cutting edges are formed to have cutting edge tips arranged at equal intervals. 5. The method of manufacturing a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
the scanning path is a periodic wavy path. 6. The method of manufacturing a cutting tool according to claim 2, wherein
the scanning path is a periodic wavy path. 7. The method of manufacturing a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
the workpiece is a material that results from diamond-coating a tool base material. 8. The method of manufacturing a cutting tool according to claim 2, wherein
the workpiece is a material that results from diamond-coating a tool base material. | 2,600 |
339,385 | 16,800,264 | 2,631 | A system and method for aiding in the proper placement of ECG electrodes and other resuscitation parameters. The system includes motion sensors disposed on the ECG electrodes, and a defibrillator control system operable to interpret motion signals from the motions sensors to determine that an electrode is in motion, and thus being handled by rescuer setting up the system for use, and, based on this determination, prompt the rescuer to place the electrode in its intended location on the body of the patient. The control system may also be operable to determine relative motion and/orientation of the motion sensors and control resuscitation based on the relative motion and/orientation of the motion sensors | 1-29. (canceled) 30. A resuscitation system for aiding a user in providing resuscitative treatment to a patient, the system comprising:
a first electrode coupled in fixed relation with a first motion sensor; a second electrode coupled in fixed relation with a second motion sensor; at least one processor and memory, the at least one processor configured to analyze motion signals from the first and second motion sensors to estimate at least one of: a location and an orientation of the first and second electrodes relative to each other; and a communication component configured to provide feedback based on the analyzed motion signals, wherein the feedback assists the user in placement of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient in one of an anterior-anterior position or an anterior-posterior position. 31. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the feedback comprises at least one prompt for assisting the user in placement of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient. 32. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the feedback includes one or more of:
an image of a patient indicating a preferred location for the user to place at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient; an image indicating the determined location of the first and second electrodes relative to each other; at least one of a visual display, an image, a moving image, visual instructions, visual text, verbal audible instructions and non-verbal audible instructions; and guidance for assisting the user in confirming placement of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient. 33. The resuscitation system of claim 32, wherein the at least one processor is configured to detect whether placement of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient has been confirmed based on the analyzed motion signals. 34. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is configured to estimate the location of the first and second electrodes relative to each other and estimate a size of the patient based at least on the estimated location of the first and second electrodes relative to each other. 35. The resuscitation system of claim 34, wherein the at least one processor is configured to provide a chest compression signal based on the estimated size of the patient for providing chest compressions to the patient. 36. The resuscitation system of claim 35, wherein the communication component is configured to provide feedback based on the chest compression signal, wherein the feedback assists the user relating to administration of at least one of: a preferred chest compression depth, and a preferred chest compression rate. 37. The resuscitation system of claim 34, wherein the at least one processor is configured to provide a defibrillation energy signal based on the estimated size of the patient for administering a level of defibrillation energy to the patient, or to provide a ventilation signal based on the estimated size of the patient for providing ventilations to the patient. 38. The resuscitation system of claim 37, wherein the communication component is configured to provide feedback based on the ventilation signal, wherein the feedback assists the user relating to administration of at least one of: a preferred ventilation tidal volume, and a preferred ventilation minute volume. 39. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is configured to estimate the orientation of the first and second electrodes relative to each other and determine if the orientation of the first and second electrodes relative to each other deviates from a predetermined orientation corresponding to an electrode placement scheme suitable for ECG analysis or suitable for delivery of shock to the patient. 40. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is configured to estimate the location of the first and second electrodes relative to each other and determine if a distance between the electrodes deviates from a predetermined distance corresponding to an electrode placement scheme suitable for ECG analysis or suitable for delivery of shock to the patient. 41. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is configured to estimate the location of the first and second electrodes relative to each other, and send a signal to operate the communication component to issue a prompt to the user to relocate the first electrode or second electrode. 42. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein at least one of: the first motion sensor and the second motion sensor is an accelerometer. 43. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is configured to analyze motion signals by comparing differences between at least one of acceleration and velocity signals from the first and second motion sensor. 44. The resuscitation system of claim 43, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine whether the first and second motion sensors are together in a package, removed from the package and moving, or removed from the package and stationary. 45. The resuscitation system of claim 30, comprising a defibrillator operable to deliver shock to a patient through the first and second electrodes, wherein the at least one processor, memory, and the communication component are part of the defibrillator, or wherein the at least one processor and memory are part of the defibrillator and the communication component is part of a device separate from the defibrillator. 46. A resuscitation system for aiding a user in providing resuscitative treatment to a patient, the system comprising:
a first electrode coupled in fixed relation with a motion sensor; at least one processor and memory, the at least one processor configured to analyze motion signals from the motion sensor to estimate at least one of: a location and an orientation of the first electrode; and a communication component configured to provide feedback based on the analyzed motion signals, wherein the feedback assists the user in placement of the first electrode and a second electrode on the patient in one of an anterior-anterior position or an anterior-posterior position. 47. The resuscitation system of claim 46, wherein the feedback comprises at least one prompt for assisting the user in placement of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient. 48. The resuscitation system of claim 46, wherein the feedback includes one or more of:
an image of a patient indicating a preferred location for the user to place at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient; an image indicating the determined location of the first and second electrodes relative to each other; at least one of a visual display, an image, a moving image, visual instructions, visual text, verbal audible instructions and non-verbal audible instructions; and guidance for assisting the user in confirming placement of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient. 49. The resuscitation system of claim 46, wherein the at least one processor is configured to send a signal to operate the communication component to issue a prompt to the user to relocate the first electrode. | A system and method for aiding in the proper placement of ECG electrodes and other resuscitation parameters. The system includes motion sensors disposed on the ECG electrodes, and a defibrillator control system operable to interpret motion signals from the motions sensors to determine that an electrode is in motion, and thus being handled by rescuer setting up the system for use, and, based on this determination, prompt the rescuer to place the electrode in its intended location on the body of the patient. The control system may also be operable to determine relative motion and/orientation of the motion sensors and control resuscitation based on the relative motion and/orientation of the motion sensors1-29. (canceled) 30. A resuscitation system for aiding a user in providing resuscitative treatment to a patient, the system comprising:
a first electrode coupled in fixed relation with a first motion sensor; a second electrode coupled in fixed relation with a second motion sensor; at least one processor and memory, the at least one processor configured to analyze motion signals from the first and second motion sensors to estimate at least one of: a location and an orientation of the first and second electrodes relative to each other; and a communication component configured to provide feedback based on the analyzed motion signals, wherein the feedback assists the user in placement of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient in one of an anterior-anterior position or an anterior-posterior position. 31. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the feedback comprises at least one prompt for assisting the user in placement of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient. 32. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the feedback includes one or more of:
an image of a patient indicating a preferred location for the user to place at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient; an image indicating the determined location of the first and second electrodes relative to each other; at least one of a visual display, an image, a moving image, visual instructions, visual text, verbal audible instructions and non-verbal audible instructions; and guidance for assisting the user in confirming placement of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient. 33. The resuscitation system of claim 32, wherein the at least one processor is configured to detect whether placement of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient has been confirmed based on the analyzed motion signals. 34. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is configured to estimate the location of the first and second electrodes relative to each other and estimate a size of the patient based at least on the estimated location of the first and second electrodes relative to each other. 35. The resuscitation system of claim 34, wherein the at least one processor is configured to provide a chest compression signal based on the estimated size of the patient for providing chest compressions to the patient. 36. The resuscitation system of claim 35, wherein the communication component is configured to provide feedback based on the chest compression signal, wherein the feedback assists the user relating to administration of at least one of: a preferred chest compression depth, and a preferred chest compression rate. 37. The resuscitation system of claim 34, wherein the at least one processor is configured to provide a defibrillation energy signal based on the estimated size of the patient for administering a level of defibrillation energy to the patient, or to provide a ventilation signal based on the estimated size of the patient for providing ventilations to the patient. 38. The resuscitation system of claim 37, wherein the communication component is configured to provide feedback based on the ventilation signal, wherein the feedback assists the user relating to administration of at least one of: a preferred ventilation tidal volume, and a preferred ventilation minute volume. 39. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is configured to estimate the orientation of the first and second electrodes relative to each other and determine if the orientation of the first and second electrodes relative to each other deviates from a predetermined orientation corresponding to an electrode placement scheme suitable for ECG analysis or suitable for delivery of shock to the patient. 40. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is configured to estimate the location of the first and second electrodes relative to each other and determine if a distance between the electrodes deviates from a predetermined distance corresponding to an electrode placement scheme suitable for ECG analysis or suitable for delivery of shock to the patient. 41. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is configured to estimate the location of the first and second electrodes relative to each other, and send a signal to operate the communication component to issue a prompt to the user to relocate the first electrode or second electrode. 42. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein at least one of: the first motion sensor and the second motion sensor is an accelerometer. 43. The resuscitation system of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is configured to analyze motion signals by comparing differences between at least one of acceleration and velocity signals from the first and second motion sensor. 44. The resuscitation system of claim 43, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine whether the first and second motion sensors are together in a package, removed from the package and moving, or removed from the package and stationary. 45. The resuscitation system of claim 30, comprising a defibrillator operable to deliver shock to a patient through the first and second electrodes, wherein the at least one processor, memory, and the communication component are part of the defibrillator, or wherein the at least one processor and memory are part of the defibrillator and the communication component is part of a device separate from the defibrillator. 46. A resuscitation system for aiding a user in providing resuscitative treatment to a patient, the system comprising:
a first electrode coupled in fixed relation with a motion sensor; at least one processor and memory, the at least one processor configured to analyze motion signals from the motion sensor to estimate at least one of: a location and an orientation of the first electrode; and a communication component configured to provide feedback based on the analyzed motion signals, wherein the feedback assists the user in placement of the first electrode and a second electrode on the patient in one of an anterior-anterior position or an anterior-posterior position. 47. The resuscitation system of claim 46, wherein the feedback comprises at least one prompt for assisting the user in placement of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient. 48. The resuscitation system of claim 46, wherein the feedback includes one or more of:
an image of a patient indicating a preferred location for the user to place at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient; an image indicating the determined location of the first and second electrodes relative to each other; at least one of a visual display, an image, a moving image, visual instructions, visual text, verbal audible instructions and non-verbal audible instructions; and guidance for assisting the user in confirming placement of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode on the patient. 49. The resuscitation system of claim 46, wherein the at least one processor is configured to send a signal to operate the communication component to issue a prompt to the user to relocate the first electrode. | 2,600 |
339,386 | 16,800,306 | 2,631 | An insert of hard metal for an agricultural device, for example a grubbing share or a mower blade, having actively cutting areas that act in a cutting direction. Teeth are at least partially provided between the actively cutting areas, which viewed from above protrude over the actively cutting areas. | 1. An insert comprised of hard metal for an agricultural device, for example a grubbing share or a mower blade, having actively cutting areas that act in a cutting direction, wherein teeth are at least partially provided between the actively cutting areas, which viewed from above protrude over the actively cutting areas. 2. The insert according to claim 1, wherein at least individual, actively cutting areas lie completely behind the adjacent teeth as viewed from above. 3. The insert according to claim 1, wherein the teeth are elevated in design in relation to cutting edges of the actively cutting areas. 4. The insert according to claim 1, wherein the actively cutting areas are designed with a roughly V-shaped progression as viewed from above. 5. The insert according to claim 1, wherein at least three teeth are provided, which separate the actively cutting areas from each other. 6. The insert according to claim 1, wherein the actively cutting areas lie at the same height as viewed from the front. 7. The insert according to claim 1, wherein the insert is integral in design. 8. The insert according to claim 1, wherein the insert is coated. 9. An agricultural implement with an insert according to claim 1. | An insert of hard metal for an agricultural device, for example a grubbing share or a mower blade, having actively cutting areas that act in a cutting direction. Teeth are at least partially provided between the actively cutting areas, which viewed from above protrude over the actively cutting areas.1. An insert comprised of hard metal for an agricultural device, for example a grubbing share or a mower blade, having actively cutting areas that act in a cutting direction, wherein teeth are at least partially provided between the actively cutting areas, which viewed from above protrude over the actively cutting areas. 2. The insert according to claim 1, wherein at least individual, actively cutting areas lie completely behind the adjacent teeth as viewed from above. 3. The insert according to claim 1, wherein the teeth are elevated in design in relation to cutting edges of the actively cutting areas. 4. The insert according to claim 1, wherein the actively cutting areas are designed with a roughly V-shaped progression as viewed from above. 5. The insert according to claim 1, wherein at least three teeth are provided, which separate the actively cutting areas from each other. 6. The insert according to claim 1, wherein the actively cutting areas lie at the same height as viewed from the front. 7. The insert according to claim 1, wherein the insert is integral in design. 8. The insert according to claim 1, wherein the insert is coated. 9. An agricultural implement with an insert according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
339,387 | 16,800,301 | 2,631 | A method for artifact correction in computed tomography, the method comprising: (1) acquiring a plurality of data sets associated with different X-ray energies (i.e., D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (2) generating a plurality of preliminary images from the different energy data sets acquired in Step (1) (i.e., I1, I2, I3 . . . In); (3) using a mathematical function to operate on the preliminary images generated in Step (2) to identify the sources of the image artifact (i.e., the artifact source image, or ASI, where ASI=f(I1, I2, I3 . . . In)); (4) forward projecting the ASI to produce ASD=fp(ASI); (5) selecting and combining the original data sets D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn in order to produce a new subset of the data associated with the artifact, whereby to produce the artifact reduced data, or ARD, where ARD=f(ASD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (6) generating a repaired data set (RpD) to keep low-energy data in artifact-free data and introduce high-energy data in regions impacted by the artifact, where RpD=f(ARD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); and (7) generating a final reduced artifact image (RAI) from the repaired data, RAI=bp(RpD), where the function bp is any function which generates an image from data. | 1. A method for image improvement in computed tomography, the method comprising:
(1) acquiring a plurality of data sets associated with different energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (i.e., D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (2) generating a plurality of preliminary images from the different energy data sets acquired in Step (1) (i.e., I1, I2, I3 . . . In); (3) using a mathematical function to operate on the preliminary images generated in Step (2) to identify sources of image degradation (i.e., the degraded source image, or ASI, where ASI=f(I1, I2, I3 . . . In)); (4) forward projecting the ASI to produce ASD=fp(ASI); (5) selecting and combining the original data sets D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn in order to produce a new subset of the data associated with the image degradation, whereby to produce degradation reduced data, or ARD, where ARD=f(ASD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (6) generating a repaired data set (RpD) to keep low-energy data in degradation-free data and introduce high-energy data in regions impacted by the degradation, where RpD=f(ARD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); and (7) generating a final reduced degradation artifact image (RAI) from the repaired data, RAI=bp(RpD), where the function bp is any function which generates an image from data. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of data sets associated with different X ray energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn) are monoenergetic. 3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of data sets associated with different energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn) are polyenergetic with different energy distributions. 4. A method according to claim 3 wherein the plurality of data sets associated with different energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn) are polyenergetic with polychromatic high-, mid- and low-energy energy distributions. 5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the mathematical function used in Step (3) produces a binary image locating regions of degradation-generating objects. 6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the mathematical function used in Step (3) produces a measure of the degree of degradation impact where stronger values occur where the object has larger negative impact. 7. A method according to claim 1 wherein image degradation is produced by a point in an object having high radiation attenuation. 8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the point in the object comprises a metal. | A method for artifact correction in computed tomography, the method comprising: (1) acquiring a plurality of data sets associated with different X-ray energies (i.e., D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (2) generating a plurality of preliminary images from the different energy data sets acquired in Step (1) (i.e., I1, I2, I3 . . . In); (3) using a mathematical function to operate on the preliminary images generated in Step (2) to identify the sources of the image artifact (i.e., the artifact source image, or ASI, where ASI=f(I1, I2, I3 . . . In)); (4) forward projecting the ASI to produce ASD=fp(ASI); (5) selecting and combining the original data sets D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn in order to produce a new subset of the data associated with the artifact, whereby to produce the artifact reduced data, or ARD, where ARD=f(ASD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (6) generating a repaired data set (RpD) to keep low-energy data in artifact-free data and introduce high-energy data in regions impacted by the artifact, where RpD=f(ARD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); and (7) generating a final reduced artifact image (RAI) from the repaired data, RAI=bp(RpD), where the function bp is any function which generates an image from data.1. A method for image improvement in computed tomography, the method comprising:
(1) acquiring a plurality of data sets associated with different energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (i.e., D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (2) generating a plurality of preliminary images from the different energy data sets acquired in Step (1) (i.e., I1, I2, I3 . . . In); (3) using a mathematical function to operate on the preliminary images generated in Step (2) to identify sources of image degradation (i.e., the degraded source image, or ASI, where ASI=f(I1, I2, I3 . . . In)); (4) forward projecting the ASI to produce ASD=fp(ASI); (5) selecting and combining the original data sets D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn in order to produce a new subset of the data associated with the image degradation, whereby to produce degradation reduced data, or ARD, where ARD=f(ASD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (6) generating a repaired data set (RpD) to keep low-energy data in degradation-free data and introduce high-energy data in regions impacted by the degradation, where RpD=f(ARD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); and (7) generating a final reduced degradation artifact image (RAI) from the repaired data, RAI=bp(RpD), where the function bp is any function which generates an image from data. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of data sets associated with different X ray energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn) are monoenergetic. 3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of data sets associated with different energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn) are polyenergetic with different energy distributions. 4. A method according to claim 3 wherein the plurality of data sets associated with different energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn) are polyenergetic with polychromatic high-, mid- and low-energy energy distributions. 5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the mathematical function used in Step (3) produces a binary image locating regions of degradation-generating objects. 6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the mathematical function used in Step (3) produces a measure of the degree of degradation impact where stronger values occur where the object has larger negative impact. 7. A method according to claim 1 wherein image degradation is produced by a point in an object having high radiation attenuation. 8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the point in the object comprises a metal. | 2,600 |
339,388 | 16,800,308 | 2,631 | A method for artifact correction in computed tomography, the method comprising: (1) acquiring a plurality of data sets associated with different X-ray energies (i.e., D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (2) generating a plurality of preliminary images from the different energy data sets acquired in Step (1) (i.e., I1, I2, I3 . . . In); (3) using a mathematical function to operate on the preliminary images generated in Step (2) to identify the sources of the image artifact (i.e., the artifact source image, or ASI, where ASI=f(I1, I2, I3 . . . In)); (4) forward projecting the ASI to produce ASD=fp(ASI); (5) selecting and combining the original data sets D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn in order to produce a new subset of the data associated with the artifact, whereby to produce the artifact reduced data, or ARD, where ARD=f(ASD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (6) generating a repaired data set (RpD) to keep low-energy data in artifact-free data and introduce high-energy data in regions impacted by the artifact, where RpD=f(ARD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); and (7) generating a final reduced artifact image (RAI) from the repaired data, RAI=bp(RpD), where the function bp is any function which generates an image from data. | 1. A method for image improvement in computed tomography, the method comprising:
(1) acquiring a plurality of data sets associated with different energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (i.e., D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (2) generating a plurality of preliminary images from the different energy data sets acquired in Step (1) (i.e., I1, I2, I3 . . . In); (3) using a mathematical function to operate on the preliminary images generated in Step (2) to identify sources of image degradation (i.e., the degraded source image, or ASI, where ASI=f(I1, I2, I3 . . . In)); (4) forward projecting the ASI to produce ASD=fp(ASI); (5) selecting and combining the original data sets D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn in order to produce a new subset of the data associated with the image degradation, whereby to produce degradation reduced data, or ARD, where ARD=f(ASD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (6) generating a repaired data set (RpD) to keep low-energy data in degradation-free data and introduce high-energy data in regions impacted by the degradation, where RpD=f(ARD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); and (7) generating a final reduced degradation artifact image (RAI) from the repaired data, RAI=bp(RpD), where the function bp is any function which generates an image from data. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of data sets associated with different X ray energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn) are monoenergetic. 3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of data sets associated with different energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn) are polyenergetic with different energy distributions. 4. A method according to claim 3 wherein the plurality of data sets associated with different energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn) are polyenergetic with polychromatic high-, mid- and low-energy energy distributions. 5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the mathematical function used in Step (3) produces a binary image locating regions of degradation-generating objects. 6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the mathematical function used in Step (3) produces a measure of the degree of degradation impact where stronger values occur where the object has larger negative impact. 7. A method according to claim 1 wherein image degradation is produced by a point in an object having high radiation attenuation. 8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the point in the object comprises a metal. | A method for artifact correction in computed tomography, the method comprising: (1) acquiring a plurality of data sets associated with different X-ray energies (i.e., D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (2) generating a plurality of preliminary images from the different energy data sets acquired in Step (1) (i.e., I1, I2, I3 . . . In); (3) using a mathematical function to operate on the preliminary images generated in Step (2) to identify the sources of the image artifact (i.e., the artifact source image, or ASI, where ASI=f(I1, I2, I3 . . . In)); (4) forward projecting the ASI to produce ASD=fp(ASI); (5) selecting and combining the original data sets D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn in order to produce a new subset of the data associated with the artifact, whereby to produce the artifact reduced data, or ARD, where ARD=f(ASD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (6) generating a repaired data set (RpD) to keep low-energy data in artifact-free data and introduce high-energy data in regions impacted by the artifact, where RpD=f(ARD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); and (7) generating a final reduced artifact image (RAI) from the repaired data, RAI=bp(RpD), where the function bp is any function which generates an image from data.1. A method for image improvement in computed tomography, the method comprising:
(1) acquiring a plurality of data sets associated with different energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (i.e., D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (2) generating a plurality of preliminary images from the different energy data sets acquired in Step (1) (i.e., I1, I2, I3 . . . In); (3) using a mathematical function to operate on the preliminary images generated in Step (2) to identify sources of image degradation (i.e., the degraded source image, or ASI, where ASI=f(I1, I2, I3 . . . In)); (4) forward projecting the ASI to produce ASD=fp(ASI); (5) selecting and combining the original data sets D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn in order to produce a new subset of the data associated with the image degradation, whereby to produce degradation reduced data, or ARD, where ARD=f(ASD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); (6) generating a repaired data set (RpD) to keep low-energy data in degradation-free data and introduce high-energy data in regions impacted by the degradation, where RpD=f(ARD, D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn); and (7) generating a final reduced degradation artifact image (RAI) from the repaired data, RAI=bp(RpD), where the function bp is any function which generates an image from data. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of data sets associated with different X ray energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn) are monoenergetic. 3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of data sets associated with different energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn) are polyenergetic with different energy distributions. 4. A method according to claim 3 wherein the plurality of data sets associated with different energies of radiation following ray-driven paths (D1, D2, D3 . . . Dn) are polyenergetic with polychromatic high-, mid- and low-energy energy distributions. 5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the mathematical function used in Step (3) produces a binary image locating regions of degradation-generating objects. 6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the mathematical function used in Step (3) produces a measure of the degree of degradation impact where stronger values occur where the object has larger negative impact. 7. A method according to claim 1 wherein image degradation is produced by a point in an object having high radiation attenuation. 8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the point in the object comprises a metal. | 2,600 |
339,389 | 16,800,290 | 2,631 | In some embodiments, systems and methods are provided to recognize retail products in a physical retail store through a portable device that comprises a decision control circuit configured to: process each frame of the subset of frames by multiple modeling techniques each relative to a corresponding image attribute and obtain a corresponding product identification probability; determine corresponding aggregated identification probabilities of the first product based on the product identification probabilities; collectively evaluate the aggregated identification probabilities and identify when a predefined relationship with a collective threshold probability exists; and cause an image of the first product to be displayed in response to identifying that one or more of the aggregated identification probabilities having the predefined relationship with the collective threshold probability. | 1. A system to recognize retail products in a physical retail store, comprising:
a portable user device comprising: a housing; an imaging system at least partially positioned within the housing and configured to capture at least video content, wherein each video content comprising a series of frames; an image processing circuit secured within the housing and communicatively coupled with the imaging system, and the image processing circuit is configured to select and extract at least a subset of frames comprising one or more individual frames from the series of frames of a video content; at least one tangible memory positioned within the housing and storing a local product database locally storing sets of product imaging data, wherein each set of product imaging data corresponds to one of hundreds of different retail products available for sale from a retail store and comprises a product identifier and at least image attribute data exclusively corresponding to the respective product; and a decision control circuit communicatively coupled with the memory and configured to: process each frame of the subset of frames by at least a first modeling technique relative to a first image attribute and obtain a corresponding first product identification probability that an item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be a first product of the hundreds of products; process each frame of the subset of frames by a second modeling technique relative to a second image attribute that is different than the first attribute, and obtain corresponding second product identification probability that the item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be the first product of the hundreds of products; determine an aggregated first identification probability of the first product as a function of the first product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames; determine an aggregated second identification probability of the first product as a function of the second product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames; collectively evaluate the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability of the first product for the frames of the subset of frames and identify when one or more of the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability has a predefined relationship with a collective threshold probability; and cause an image of the first product to be displayed in response to identifying that one or more of the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability has the predefined relationship with the collective threshold probability. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second modeling technique comprises a barcode recognition modeling technique and the second image attribute comprises a barcode image attribute, wherein the decision control circuit in obtaining the second product identification probabilities is configured to process each frame of the subset of frames by the barcode recognition modeling technique relative to the barcode image attribute that is different than the first attribute, and obtain corresponding barcode product identification probabilities that the item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be the first product of the hundreds of products; and
determine the aggregated second identification probability of the first product as a function of the barcode product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the decision control circuit is further configured to:
process each frame of the subset of frames by an optical character recognition (OCR) modeling technique relative to text image attributes that are different than the first attribute, and obtain corresponding text product identification probabilities that the item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be the first product of the hundreds of products; and determine an aggregated text identification probability of the first product as a function of the text product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames; and wherein the collectively evaluating comprises collectively evaluating the aggregated first identification probability, the aggregated barcode identification probability and the aggregated text identification probability of the first product for the frames of the subset of frames and identify when one or more of the aggregated first identification probability, the aggregated barcode identification probability and the aggregated text identification probability has a predefined relationship with the collective threshold probability. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the decision control circuit is further configured to apply a first weighting to the aggregated first identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the first image attribute to provide a weighted first product identification probability; apply a second weighting to the aggregated second identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the second image attribute to provide a weighted second product identification probability; and identify when there is a threshold consistency between the weighted first product identification probability and the second weighted product identification probability; and cause the image of the first product to be displayed in response to identifying the threshold consistency between the weighted first product identification probability and the second weighted product identification probability. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the decision control circuit is configured to identify an aggregate threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability, and apply the weighting in response to identifying the threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the decision control circuit, in applying the second weighting to the second product identification probability, is configured to identify a number of textual words detected in each frame of the subset of frames that are present on the image of the first product and multiply the number of textual words by a word multiplier to define the second weighting. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the portable user device further comprises an accelerometer system configured to detect movement of the portable user device and output accelerometer data relative to each frame of the video content; and
wherein the image processing circuit in selecting and extracting at least the subset of frames is configured to access accelerometer data captured corresponding to when each frame of the video content is captured, and identify the subset of frames of the video content that each has corresponding accelerometer data that has a predefined relationship with a movement threshold. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the decision control circuit is further configured to:
statistically process the first product identification probabilities and obtain the aggregated first identification probability; statistically process the second product identification probabilities and obtain the aggregated second identification probability; identify when there is a threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability; and apply, in response to determining there is a threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability, a first weighting to the aggregated first identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the first image attribute to provide a weighted first product identification probability, apply a second weighting to the aggregated second identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the second image attribute to provide a weighted second product identification probability, and determine a resultant identification probability of the first product based on the weighted first product identification probability and the weighted second product identification probability. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the portable user device further comprises an accelerometer system configured to detect movement of the portable user device and output accelerometer data relative to each frame of the video content; and
wherein the image processing circuit in selecting and extracting at least the subset of frames is configured to access accelerometer data captured corresponding to when each frame of the video content is captured, and identify the subset of frames of the video content that each has corresponding accelerometer data that is below a movement threshold. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the portable user device further comprising a control circuit coupled with the memory and configured to:
add the first product to a virtual cart; and initiate a checkout of and payment for each product within the virtual shopping cart. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the control circuit in initiating the checkout of the virtual cart activates a generation, at a central server, of an order corresponding to the virtual cart and each product included in the virtual cart, obtain a dynamically generated optical machine-readable representation of the order corresponding to the virtual cart, wherein the optical machine-readable representation of the order is configured to be scanned by a scanning system associated with a point of sale system to acquire cost information of the products in the virtual cart. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the control circuit in initiating the checkout of the virtual cart activates a generation at a central server of an order corresponding to the virtual cart and each product included in the virtual cart, authorize payment for the products represented in the virtual cart, and receive a confirmation of payment at the portable user device, wherein the confirmation of payment is configured to be displayed on a display of the portable user device to confirm payment prior to the customer leaving the first retail store. 13. A method to recognize retail products in a physical retail store, comprising:
receiving one or more video content, wherein each video content comprising a series of frames; extracting at least a subset of frames from a video content, wherein the subset of frames comprises one or more individual frames from the series of frames of the video content; processing each frame of the subset of frames by at least a first modeling technique relative to a first image attribute and obtaining a corresponding first product identification probability that an item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be a first product of the hundreds of products; processing each frame of the subset of frames by a second modeling technique relative to a second image attribute that is different than the first attribute and obtaining corresponding second product identification probabilities that the item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be the first product of the hundreds of products; determining an aggregated first identification probability of the first product as a function of the first product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames; determining an aggregated second identification probability of the first product as a function of the second product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames; collectively evaluating the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability of the first product for the frames of the subset of frames and identify when one or more of the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability has a predefined relationship with a collective threshold probability; and causing an image of the first product to be displayed in response to identifying that one or more of the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability has the predefined relationship with the collective threshold probability. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the second modeling technique comprises a barcode recognition modeling technique and the second image attribute comprises a barcode image attribute, wherein the obtaining the second product identification probabilities comprises:
processing each frame of the subset of frames by the barcode recognition modeling technique relative to the barcode image attribute that is different than the first attribute; obtaining corresponding barcode product identification probabilities that the item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be the first product of the hundreds of products; and determining the aggregated second identification probability of the first product as a function of the barcode product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
processing each frame of the subset of frames by an optical character recognition (OCR) modeling technique relative to text image attributes that are different than the first attribute; obtaining corresponding text product identification probabilities that the item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be the first product of the hundreds of products; and determining an aggregated text identification probability of the first product as a function of the text product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames; wherein the collectively evaluating comprises collectively evaluating the aggregated first identification probability, the aggregated barcode identification probability and the aggregated text identification probability of the first product for the frames of the subset of frames; and identifying when one or more of the aggregated first identification probability, the aggregated barcode identification probability and the aggregated text identification probability has a predefined relationship with the collective threshold probability. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
applying a first weighting to the aggregated first identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the first image attribute to provide a weighted first product identification probability; applying a second weighting to the aggregated second identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the second image attribute to provide a weighted second product identification probability; identify when there is a threshold consistency between the weighted first product identification probability and the second weighted product identification probability; and causing the image of the first product to be displayed in response to identifying the threshold consistency between the weighted first product identification probability and the second weighted product identification probability. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
identifying an aggregate threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability; and applying the weighting in response to identifying the threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the applying the second weighting to the second product identification probability comprises identifying a number of textual words detected in each frame of the subset of frames that are present on the image of the first product; and
multiplying the number of textual words by a word multiplier to define the second weighting. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
accessing accelerometer data captured corresponding to when each frame of the video content is captured; and wherein the extracting at least the subset of frames comprises identifying the subset of frames of the video content that each has corresponding accelerometer data that has a predefined relationship with a movement threshold. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
wherein the determining the aggregated first identification probability comprises statistically processing the first product identification probabilities and obtaining the aggregated first identification probability; wherein the determining the aggregated second identification probability comprises statistically processing the second product identification probabilities and obtaining the aggregated second identification probability; identifying when there is a threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability; applying, in response to determining there is a threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability, a first weighting to the aggregated first identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the first image attribute to provide a weighted first product identification probability, and applying a second weighting to the aggregated second identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the second image attribute to provide a weighted second product identification probability; and determining a resultant identification probability of the first product based on the weighted first product identification probability and the weighted second product identification probability. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
accessing accelerometer data captured corresponding to when each frame of the video content is captured; and wherein the extracting at least the subset of frames comprises identifying the subset of frames of the video content that each has corresponding accelerometer data that has a predefined relationship with a movement threshold. | In some embodiments, systems and methods are provided to recognize retail products in a physical retail store through a portable device that comprises a decision control circuit configured to: process each frame of the subset of frames by multiple modeling techniques each relative to a corresponding image attribute and obtain a corresponding product identification probability; determine corresponding aggregated identification probabilities of the first product based on the product identification probabilities; collectively evaluate the aggregated identification probabilities and identify when a predefined relationship with a collective threshold probability exists; and cause an image of the first product to be displayed in response to identifying that one or more of the aggregated identification probabilities having the predefined relationship with the collective threshold probability.1. A system to recognize retail products in a physical retail store, comprising:
a portable user device comprising: a housing; an imaging system at least partially positioned within the housing and configured to capture at least video content, wherein each video content comprising a series of frames; an image processing circuit secured within the housing and communicatively coupled with the imaging system, and the image processing circuit is configured to select and extract at least a subset of frames comprising one or more individual frames from the series of frames of a video content; at least one tangible memory positioned within the housing and storing a local product database locally storing sets of product imaging data, wherein each set of product imaging data corresponds to one of hundreds of different retail products available for sale from a retail store and comprises a product identifier and at least image attribute data exclusively corresponding to the respective product; and a decision control circuit communicatively coupled with the memory and configured to: process each frame of the subset of frames by at least a first modeling technique relative to a first image attribute and obtain a corresponding first product identification probability that an item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be a first product of the hundreds of products; process each frame of the subset of frames by a second modeling technique relative to a second image attribute that is different than the first attribute, and obtain corresponding second product identification probability that the item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be the first product of the hundreds of products; determine an aggregated first identification probability of the first product as a function of the first product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames; determine an aggregated second identification probability of the first product as a function of the second product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames; collectively evaluate the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability of the first product for the frames of the subset of frames and identify when one or more of the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability has a predefined relationship with a collective threshold probability; and cause an image of the first product to be displayed in response to identifying that one or more of the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability has the predefined relationship with the collective threshold probability. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second modeling technique comprises a barcode recognition modeling technique and the second image attribute comprises a barcode image attribute, wherein the decision control circuit in obtaining the second product identification probabilities is configured to process each frame of the subset of frames by the barcode recognition modeling technique relative to the barcode image attribute that is different than the first attribute, and obtain corresponding barcode product identification probabilities that the item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be the first product of the hundreds of products; and
determine the aggregated second identification probability of the first product as a function of the barcode product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the decision control circuit is further configured to:
process each frame of the subset of frames by an optical character recognition (OCR) modeling technique relative to text image attributes that are different than the first attribute, and obtain corresponding text product identification probabilities that the item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be the first product of the hundreds of products; and determine an aggregated text identification probability of the first product as a function of the text product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames; and wherein the collectively evaluating comprises collectively evaluating the aggregated first identification probability, the aggregated barcode identification probability and the aggregated text identification probability of the first product for the frames of the subset of frames and identify when one or more of the aggregated first identification probability, the aggregated barcode identification probability and the aggregated text identification probability has a predefined relationship with the collective threshold probability. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the decision control circuit is further configured to apply a first weighting to the aggregated first identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the first image attribute to provide a weighted first product identification probability; apply a second weighting to the aggregated second identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the second image attribute to provide a weighted second product identification probability; and identify when there is a threshold consistency between the weighted first product identification probability and the second weighted product identification probability; and cause the image of the first product to be displayed in response to identifying the threshold consistency between the weighted first product identification probability and the second weighted product identification probability. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the decision control circuit is configured to identify an aggregate threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability, and apply the weighting in response to identifying the threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the decision control circuit, in applying the second weighting to the second product identification probability, is configured to identify a number of textual words detected in each frame of the subset of frames that are present on the image of the first product and multiply the number of textual words by a word multiplier to define the second weighting. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the portable user device further comprises an accelerometer system configured to detect movement of the portable user device and output accelerometer data relative to each frame of the video content; and
wherein the image processing circuit in selecting and extracting at least the subset of frames is configured to access accelerometer data captured corresponding to when each frame of the video content is captured, and identify the subset of frames of the video content that each has corresponding accelerometer data that has a predefined relationship with a movement threshold. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the decision control circuit is further configured to:
statistically process the first product identification probabilities and obtain the aggregated first identification probability; statistically process the second product identification probabilities and obtain the aggregated second identification probability; identify when there is a threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability; and apply, in response to determining there is a threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability, a first weighting to the aggregated first identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the first image attribute to provide a weighted first product identification probability, apply a second weighting to the aggregated second identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the second image attribute to provide a weighted second product identification probability, and determine a resultant identification probability of the first product based on the weighted first product identification probability and the weighted second product identification probability. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the portable user device further comprises an accelerometer system configured to detect movement of the portable user device and output accelerometer data relative to each frame of the video content; and
wherein the image processing circuit in selecting and extracting at least the subset of frames is configured to access accelerometer data captured corresponding to when each frame of the video content is captured, and identify the subset of frames of the video content that each has corresponding accelerometer data that is below a movement threshold. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the portable user device further comprising a control circuit coupled with the memory and configured to:
add the first product to a virtual cart; and initiate a checkout of and payment for each product within the virtual shopping cart. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the control circuit in initiating the checkout of the virtual cart activates a generation, at a central server, of an order corresponding to the virtual cart and each product included in the virtual cart, obtain a dynamically generated optical machine-readable representation of the order corresponding to the virtual cart, wherein the optical machine-readable representation of the order is configured to be scanned by a scanning system associated with a point of sale system to acquire cost information of the products in the virtual cart. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the control circuit in initiating the checkout of the virtual cart activates a generation at a central server of an order corresponding to the virtual cart and each product included in the virtual cart, authorize payment for the products represented in the virtual cart, and receive a confirmation of payment at the portable user device, wherein the confirmation of payment is configured to be displayed on a display of the portable user device to confirm payment prior to the customer leaving the first retail store. 13. A method to recognize retail products in a physical retail store, comprising:
receiving one or more video content, wherein each video content comprising a series of frames; extracting at least a subset of frames from a video content, wherein the subset of frames comprises one or more individual frames from the series of frames of the video content; processing each frame of the subset of frames by at least a first modeling technique relative to a first image attribute and obtaining a corresponding first product identification probability that an item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be a first product of the hundreds of products; processing each frame of the subset of frames by a second modeling technique relative to a second image attribute that is different than the first attribute and obtaining corresponding second product identification probabilities that the item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be the first product of the hundreds of products; determining an aggregated first identification probability of the first product as a function of the first product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames; determining an aggregated second identification probability of the first product as a function of the second product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames; collectively evaluating the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability of the first product for the frames of the subset of frames and identify when one or more of the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability has a predefined relationship with a collective threshold probability; and causing an image of the first product to be displayed in response to identifying that one or more of the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability has the predefined relationship with the collective threshold probability. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the second modeling technique comprises a barcode recognition modeling technique and the second image attribute comprises a barcode image attribute, wherein the obtaining the second product identification probabilities comprises:
processing each frame of the subset of frames by the barcode recognition modeling technique relative to the barcode image attribute that is different than the first attribute; obtaining corresponding barcode product identification probabilities that the item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be the first product of the hundreds of products; and determining the aggregated second identification probability of the first product as a function of the barcode product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
processing each frame of the subset of frames by an optical character recognition (OCR) modeling technique relative to text image attributes that are different than the first attribute; obtaining corresponding text product identification probabilities that the item, captured within each of the subset of frames, is estimated to be the first product of the hundreds of products; and determining an aggregated text identification probability of the first product as a function of the text product identification probabilities corresponding to the frames of the subset of frames; wherein the collectively evaluating comprises collectively evaluating the aggregated first identification probability, the aggregated barcode identification probability and the aggregated text identification probability of the first product for the frames of the subset of frames; and identifying when one or more of the aggregated first identification probability, the aggregated barcode identification probability and the aggregated text identification probability has a predefined relationship with the collective threshold probability. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
applying a first weighting to the aggregated first identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the first image attribute to provide a weighted first product identification probability; applying a second weighting to the aggregated second identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the second image attribute to provide a weighted second product identification probability; identify when there is a threshold consistency between the weighted first product identification probability and the second weighted product identification probability; and causing the image of the first product to be displayed in response to identifying the threshold consistency between the weighted first product identification probability and the second weighted product identification probability. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
identifying an aggregate threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability; and applying the weighting in response to identifying the threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the applying the second weighting to the second product identification probability comprises identifying a number of textual words detected in each frame of the subset of frames that are present on the image of the first product; and
multiplying the number of textual words by a word multiplier to define the second weighting. 19. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
accessing accelerometer data captured corresponding to when each frame of the video content is captured; and wherein the extracting at least the subset of frames comprises identifying the subset of frames of the video content that each has corresponding accelerometer data that has a predefined relationship with a movement threshold. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
wherein the determining the aggregated first identification probability comprises statistically processing the first product identification probabilities and obtaining the aggregated first identification probability; wherein the determining the aggregated second identification probability comprises statistically processing the second product identification probabilities and obtaining the aggregated second identification probability; identifying when there is a threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability; applying, in response to determining there is a threshold inconsistency between the aggregated first identification probability and the aggregated second identification probability, a first weighting to the aggregated first identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the first image attribute to provide a weighted first product identification probability, and applying a second weighting to the aggregated second identification probability as a function of an expected degree of accuracy relative to the second image attribute to provide a weighted second product identification probability; and determining a resultant identification probability of the first product based on the weighted first product identification probability and the weighted second product identification probability. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
accessing accelerometer data captured corresponding to when each frame of the video content is captured; and wherein the extracting at least the subset of frames comprises identifying the subset of frames of the video content that each has corresponding accelerometer data that has a predefined relationship with a movement threshold. | 2,600 |
339,390 | 16,800,279 | 2,631 | Current source rectifier (CSR) systems and methods for a power source including three phase lines are disclosed. One illustrative CSR system includes a rectifier operable to receive an AC input voltage and provide a DC output voltage and a controller communicatively coupled to the rectifier. The rectifier comprises first, second, and third phase legs including a plurality of switches with each switch coupled to an associated phase line of the three phase lines. The controller is operable to (i) control operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with a first switching sequence when measured input voltages on at least two phase lines of the three phase lines are outside of the predetermined voltage range and (ii) control operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with a second switching sequence when the measured input voltages on the at least two phase lines are within the predetermined voltage range. | 1. A current source rectifier (CSR) system for a power source including three phase lines, the CSR system comprising:
a rectifier operable to receive an alternating current (AC) input voltage and provide a direct current (DC) output voltage, the rectifier comprising first, second, and third phase legs including a plurality of switches, each switch of the plurality of switches coupled to an associated phase line of the three phase lines of the power source; and a controller communicatively coupled to the rectifier and operable to (i) control operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with a first switching sequence when measured input voltages on at least two phase lines of the three phase lines are outside of a predetermined voltage range and (ii) control operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with a second switching sequence when the measured input voltages on the at least two phase lines are within the predetermined voltage range, wherein controlling operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with at least one of the first and second switching sequences comprises (i) locking a switch from one of the first, second, and third phase legs in an ON position and (ii) commutating a switch from each of the two remaining phase legs while the locked switch remains in the ON position for the duration of the switching sequence used to control operation of the plurality of switches, wherein the commutated switches are switched at different times. | Current source rectifier (CSR) systems and methods for a power source including three phase lines are disclosed. One illustrative CSR system includes a rectifier operable to receive an AC input voltage and provide a DC output voltage and a controller communicatively coupled to the rectifier. The rectifier comprises first, second, and third phase legs including a plurality of switches with each switch coupled to an associated phase line of the three phase lines. The controller is operable to (i) control operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with a first switching sequence when measured input voltages on at least two phase lines of the three phase lines are outside of the predetermined voltage range and (ii) control operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with a second switching sequence when the measured input voltages on the at least two phase lines are within the predetermined voltage range.1. A current source rectifier (CSR) system for a power source including three phase lines, the CSR system comprising:
a rectifier operable to receive an alternating current (AC) input voltage and provide a direct current (DC) output voltage, the rectifier comprising first, second, and third phase legs including a plurality of switches, each switch of the plurality of switches coupled to an associated phase line of the three phase lines of the power source; and a controller communicatively coupled to the rectifier and operable to (i) control operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with a first switching sequence when measured input voltages on at least two phase lines of the three phase lines are outside of a predetermined voltage range and (ii) control operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with a second switching sequence when the measured input voltages on the at least two phase lines are within the predetermined voltage range, wherein controlling operation of the plurality of switches in accordance with at least one of the first and second switching sequences comprises (i) locking a switch from one of the first, second, and third phase legs in an ON position and (ii) commutating a switch from each of the two remaining phase legs while the locked switch remains in the ON position for the duration of the switching sequence used to control operation of the plurality of switches, wherein the commutated switches are switched at different times. | 2,600 |
339,391 | 16,800,298 | 2,631 | Provided are a method and apparatus for accessing a channel in a wireless powered communication network. A channel access method in a wireless powered communication network includes performing a random backoff contention using a predetermined initial contention window value in order to access a channel in a wireless powered communication network, transmitting, to a relay hybrid access point, a request to send (RTS) packet to request data transmission or energy reception based on remaining energy when the random backoff contention is successful, and increasing the initial contention window value by a predetermined multiple when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet, and performs a random backoff contention again. | 1. A channel access method performed by a node in a wireless powered communication network, the channel access method comprising:
performing a random backoff contention using a predetermined initial contention window value in order to access a channel in a wireless powered communication network; transmitting, to a relay hybrid access point, a request to send (RTS) packet to request data transmission or energy reception based on remaining energy when the random backoff contention is successful; and increasing the initial contention window value by a predetermined multiple when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet, and performs a random backoff contention again. 2. The channel access method of claim 1, wherein performing the random backoff contention again comprises performing the random backoff contention again using a contention window value exceeding a contention window value used by the relay hybrid access point. 3. The channel access method of claim 1, wherein performing the random backoff contention again comprises performing the random backoff contention again using a maximum contention window value when the contention window value increased by the predetermined multiple exceeds the maximum contention window value. 4. The channel access method of claim 1, further comprising increasing a retransmission count by a predetermined count when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet. 5. The channel access method of claim 4, further comprising terminating retransmission when the increased retransmission count exceeds a retransmission limit value and performing a channel contention for next data. 6. The channel access method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an acknowledgement packet as a response to the transmitted RTS packet; and transmitting data to a base station through the relay hybrid access point or receiving energy from the relay hybrid access point. 7. A channel access method performed by a relay hybrid access point in a wireless powered communication network, the channel access method comprising:
receiving data from a node or transmitting energy to the node based on a type of request to send (RTS) packet received from the node; performing a random backoff contention using a contention window value for relay less than a contention window value used by the node in order to access a channel in a wireless powered communication network when data is received from the node; transmitting the RTS packet to a base station for data transmission when the random backoff contention is successful; and transmitting data to the base station when an acknowledgement packet is received as a response to the transmitted RTS packet. 8. The channel access method of claim 7, wherein performing the random backoff contention comprises performing the random backoff contention using a contention window value for relay less than a maximum contention window value used by the node. 9. The channel access method of claim 7, further comprising performing a random backoff contention again using a fixed contention window value for relay identically with a contention window value for relay used to select a previous random backoff value when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet. 10. The channel access method of claim 7, further comprising increasing a retransmission count by a predetermined count when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet. 11. The channel access method of claim 10, further comprising terminating retransmission when the increased retransmission count exceeds a retransmission limit value and performing a channel contention for next data. 12. A node in a wireless powered communication network, the node comprising:
a communication module communicating with a relay hybrid access point; a memory storing at least one program; and a processor connected to the communication module and the memory and configured to perform a data transmission operation or energy reception operation through the communication module, wherein the processor is configured to: perform a random backoff contention using a predetermined initial contention window value in order to access a channel in a wireless powered communication network, transmit, to a relay hybrid access point, a request to send (RTS) packet to request data transmission or energy reception based on remaining energy when the random backoff contention is successful, and increase the initial contention window value by a predetermined multiple when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet and perform a random backoff contention again, by executing the at least one program. 13. The node of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to perform a random backoff contention again using a contention window value exceeding a contention window value used by the relay hybrid access point. 14. The node of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to perform a random backoff contention again using a maximum contention window value when the contention window value increased by the predetermined multiple exceeds the maximum contention window value. 15. The node of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to increase a retransmission count by a predetermined count when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet. 16. The node of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to terminate retransmission when the increased retransmission count exceeds a retransmission limit value and perform a channel contention for next data. 17. The node of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive an acknowledgement packet as a response to the transmitted RTS packet, and transmit data to a base station through the relay hybrid access point or receiving energy from the relay hybrid access point. 18. A relay hybrid access point in a wireless powered communication network, the relay hybrid access point comprising:
a communication module communicating with a base station and a node; a memory storing at least one program; and a processor connected to the communication module and the memory and configured to perform a data transmission operation or energy reception operation through the communication module, wherein the processor is configured to: receive data from a node or transmitting energy to the node based on a type of request to send (RTS) packet received from the node, perform a random backoff contention using a contention window value for relay less than a contention window value used by the node in order to access a channel in a wireless powered communication network when data is received from the node, transmit the RTS packet to a base station for data transmission when the random backoff contention is successful, and transmit data to the base station when an acknowledgement packet is received as a response to the transmitted RTS packet. 19. The relay hybrid access point of claim 18, wherein the processor is configured to perform the random backoff contention using a contention window value for relay less than a maximum contention window value used by the node. 20. The relay hybrid access point of claim 18, wherein the processor is configured to perform a random backoff contention again using a fixed contention window value for relay identically with a contention window value for relay used to select a previous random backoff value when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet. | Provided are a method and apparatus for accessing a channel in a wireless powered communication network. A channel access method in a wireless powered communication network includes performing a random backoff contention using a predetermined initial contention window value in order to access a channel in a wireless powered communication network, transmitting, to a relay hybrid access point, a request to send (RTS) packet to request data transmission or energy reception based on remaining energy when the random backoff contention is successful, and increasing the initial contention window value by a predetermined multiple when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet, and performs a random backoff contention again.1. A channel access method performed by a node in a wireless powered communication network, the channel access method comprising:
performing a random backoff contention using a predetermined initial contention window value in order to access a channel in a wireless powered communication network; transmitting, to a relay hybrid access point, a request to send (RTS) packet to request data transmission or energy reception based on remaining energy when the random backoff contention is successful; and increasing the initial contention window value by a predetermined multiple when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet, and performs a random backoff contention again. 2. The channel access method of claim 1, wherein performing the random backoff contention again comprises performing the random backoff contention again using a contention window value exceeding a contention window value used by the relay hybrid access point. 3. The channel access method of claim 1, wherein performing the random backoff contention again comprises performing the random backoff contention again using a maximum contention window value when the contention window value increased by the predetermined multiple exceeds the maximum contention window value. 4. The channel access method of claim 1, further comprising increasing a retransmission count by a predetermined count when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet. 5. The channel access method of claim 4, further comprising terminating retransmission when the increased retransmission count exceeds a retransmission limit value and performing a channel contention for next data. 6. The channel access method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an acknowledgement packet as a response to the transmitted RTS packet; and transmitting data to a base station through the relay hybrid access point or receiving energy from the relay hybrid access point. 7. A channel access method performed by a relay hybrid access point in a wireless powered communication network, the channel access method comprising:
receiving data from a node or transmitting energy to the node based on a type of request to send (RTS) packet received from the node; performing a random backoff contention using a contention window value for relay less than a contention window value used by the node in order to access a channel in a wireless powered communication network when data is received from the node; transmitting the RTS packet to a base station for data transmission when the random backoff contention is successful; and transmitting data to the base station when an acknowledgement packet is received as a response to the transmitted RTS packet. 8. The channel access method of claim 7, wherein performing the random backoff contention comprises performing the random backoff contention using a contention window value for relay less than a maximum contention window value used by the node. 9. The channel access method of claim 7, further comprising performing a random backoff contention again using a fixed contention window value for relay identically with a contention window value for relay used to select a previous random backoff value when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet. 10. The channel access method of claim 7, further comprising increasing a retransmission count by a predetermined count when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet. 11. The channel access method of claim 10, further comprising terminating retransmission when the increased retransmission count exceeds a retransmission limit value and performing a channel contention for next data. 12. A node in a wireless powered communication network, the node comprising:
a communication module communicating with a relay hybrid access point; a memory storing at least one program; and a processor connected to the communication module and the memory and configured to perform a data transmission operation or energy reception operation through the communication module, wherein the processor is configured to: perform a random backoff contention using a predetermined initial contention window value in order to access a channel in a wireless powered communication network, transmit, to a relay hybrid access point, a request to send (RTS) packet to request data transmission or energy reception based on remaining energy when the random backoff contention is successful, and increase the initial contention window value by a predetermined multiple when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet and perform a random backoff contention again, by executing the at least one program. 13. The node of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to perform a random backoff contention again using a contention window value exceeding a contention window value used by the relay hybrid access point. 14. The node of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to perform a random backoff contention again using a maximum contention window value when the contention window value increased by the predetermined multiple exceeds the maximum contention window value. 15. The node of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to increase a retransmission count by a predetermined count when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet. 16. The node of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to terminate retransmission when the increased retransmission count exceeds a retransmission limit value and perform a channel contention for next data. 17. The node of claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive an acknowledgement packet as a response to the transmitted RTS packet, and transmit data to a base station through the relay hybrid access point or receiving energy from the relay hybrid access point. 18. A relay hybrid access point in a wireless powered communication network, the relay hybrid access point comprising:
a communication module communicating with a base station and a node; a memory storing at least one program; and a processor connected to the communication module and the memory and configured to perform a data transmission operation or energy reception operation through the communication module, wherein the processor is configured to: receive data from a node or transmitting energy to the node based on a type of request to send (RTS) packet received from the node, perform a random backoff contention using a contention window value for relay less than a contention window value used by the node in order to access a channel in a wireless powered communication network when data is received from the node, transmit the RTS packet to a base station for data transmission when the random backoff contention is successful, and transmit data to the base station when an acknowledgement packet is received as a response to the transmitted RTS packet. 19. The relay hybrid access point of claim 18, wherein the processor is configured to perform the random backoff contention using a contention window value for relay less than a maximum contention window value used by the node. 20. The relay hybrid access point of claim 18, wherein the processor is configured to perform a random backoff contention again using a fixed contention window value for relay identically with a contention window value for relay used to select a previous random backoff value when a collision occurs in the transmission of the transmitted RTS packet. | 2,600 |
339,392 | 16,800,294 | 2,631 | There are provided decoding and encoding methods for encoding and decoding of multichannel audio content for playback on a speaker configuration with N channels. The decoding method comprises decoding, in a first decoding module, M input audio signals into M mid signals which are suitable for playback on a speaker configuration with M channels; and for each of the N channels in excess of M channels, receiving an additional input audio signal corresponding to one of the M mid signals and decoding the input audio signal and its corresponding mid signal so as to generate a stereo signal including a first and a second audio signal which are suitable for playback on two of the N channels of the speaker configuration. | 1. A method for decoding a plurality of audio signals, the method comprising:
receiving a first audio signal of the plurality of audio signals, the first audio signal being a mid-signal; receiving a second audio signal of the plurality of audio signals, wherein the second audio signal is a side signal corresponding to the mid-signal of the first audio signal; and decoding the first audio signal and the second audio signal to determine a stereo signal, wherein the stereo signal comprises a first stereo signal and a second stereo audio signal which are suitable for playback on two channels of a speaker configuration, wherein the received second audio signal is a waveform-coded signal comprising spectral data corresponding to frequencies up to a first frequency, and wherein the decoded stereo signal is determined based on, for frequencies below the first frequency, a first upmixing that comprises performing an inverse sum-difference transformation of the first audio signal and the second audio signal, and, for frequencies above the first frequency, a second upmixing that comprises performing parametric upmixing of the first signal. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first audio signal comprises spectral data corresponding to frequencies up to a second frequency, the method further comprising:
extending the first audio signal to a frequency range above the second frequency by performing high frequency reconstruction prior to performing parametric upmixing. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first audio signal and the second audio signal are represented in a frequency domain. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising transforming the stereo signal to the time domain. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the decoding to determine the stereo signal is performed in the frequency domain. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the decoding to determine the stereo signal is based on a parameter that indicates that stereo decoding is enabled. 7. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium containing instructions that when executed by a processor perform a method according to claim 1. 8. An apparatus for decoding a plurality of audio signals, the apparatus comprising:
a first receiver for receiving a first audio signal of the plurality of audio signals, the first audio signal being a mid-signal; a second receiver for receiving a second audio signal of the plurality of audio signals, wherein the second audio signal is a side signal corresponding to the mid-signal of the first audio signal; and a decoder for decoding the first audio signal and the second audio signal to determine a stereo signal, wherein the stereo signal comprises a first stereo signal and a second stereo audio signal which are suitable for playback on two channels of a speaker configuration, wherein the received second audio signal is a waveform-coded signal comprising spectral data corresponding to frequencies up to a first frequency, and wherein the decoded stereo signal is determined based on, for frequencies below the first frequency, a first upmixing that comprises performing an inverse sum-difference transformation of first audio signal and the second audio signal and, for frequencies above the first frequency, a second upmixing that comprises performing parametric upmixing of the first signal. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first audio signal comprises spectral data corresponding to frequencies up to a second frequency, and wherein the decoder is further configured to extend the first audio signal to a frequency range above the second frequency by performing high frequency reconstruction prior to performing parametric upmixing. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first audio signal and the second audio signal are represented in a frequency domain. 11. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising time/frequency transformation components configured to transform the stereo signal to the time domain. 12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the decoder is configured to determine the stereo signal is performed in the frequency domain. 13. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the decoder is configured to determine the stereo signal is based on a parameter that indicates that stereo decoding is enabled. | There are provided decoding and encoding methods for encoding and decoding of multichannel audio content for playback on a speaker configuration with N channels. The decoding method comprises decoding, in a first decoding module, M input audio signals into M mid signals which are suitable for playback on a speaker configuration with M channels; and for each of the N channels in excess of M channels, receiving an additional input audio signal corresponding to one of the M mid signals and decoding the input audio signal and its corresponding mid signal so as to generate a stereo signal including a first and a second audio signal which are suitable for playback on two of the N channels of the speaker configuration.1. A method for decoding a plurality of audio signals, the method comprising:
receiving a first audio signal of the plurality of audio signals, the first audio signal being a mid-signal; receiving a second audio signal of the plurality of audio signals, wherein the second audio signal is a side signal corresponding to the mid-signal of the first audio signal; and decoding the first audio signal and the second audio signal to determine a stereo signal, wherein the stereo signal comprises a first stereo signal and a second stereo audio signal which are suitable for playback on two channels of a speaker configuration, wherein the received second audio signal is a waveform-coded signal comprising spectral data corresponding to frequencies up to a first frequency, and wherein the decoded stereo signal is determined based on, for frequencies below the first frequency, a first upmixing that comprises performing an inverse sum-difference transformation of the first audio signal and the second audio signal, and, for frequencies above the first frequency, a second upmixing that comprises performing parametric upmixing of the first signal. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first audio signal comprises spectral data corresponding to frequencies up to a second frequency, the method further comprising:
extending the first audio signal to a frequency range above the second frequency by performing high frequency reconstruction prior to performing parametric upmixing. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first audio signal and the second audio signal are represented in a frequency domain. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising transforming the stereo signal to the time domain. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the decoding to determine the stereo signal is performed in the frequency domain. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the decoding to determine the stereo signal is based on a parameter that indicates that stereo decoding is enabled. 7. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium containing instructions that when executed by a processor perform a method according to claim 1. 8. An apparatus for decoding a plurality of audio signals, the apparatus comprising:
a first receiver for receiving a first audio signal of the plurality of audio signals, the first audio signal being a mid-signal; a second receiver for receiving a second audio signal of the plurality of audio signals, wherein the second audio signal is a side signal corresponding to the mid-signal of the first audio signal; and a decoder for decoding the first audio signal and the second audio signal to determine a stereo signal, wherein the stereo signal comprises a first stereo signal and a second stereo audio signal which are suitable for playback on two channels of a speaker configuration, wherein the received second audio signal is a waveform-coded signal comprising spectral data corresponding to frequencies up to a first frequency, and wherein the decoded stereo signal is determined based on, for frequencies below the first frequency, a first upmixing that comprises performing an inverse sum-difference transformation of first audio signal and the second audio signal and, for frequencies above the first frequency, a second upmixing that comprises performing parametric upmixing of the first signal. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first audio signal comprises spectral data corresponding to frequencies up to a second frequency, and wherein the decoder is further configured to extend the first audio signal to a frequency range above the second frequency by performing high frequency reconstruction prior to performing parametric upmixing. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first audio signal and the second audio signal are represented in a frequency domain. 11. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising time/frequency transformation components configured to transform the stereo signal to the time domain. 12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the decoder is configured to determine the stereo signal is performed in the frequency domain. 13. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the decoder is configured to determine the stereo signal is based on a parameter that indicates that stereo decoding is enabled. | 2,600 |
339,393 | 16,800,278 | 2,631 | The present disclosure provides novel compounds and methods for preparing and using these compounds. In one embodiment, the compounds are of the structure of formula (I), wherein R1-R7 are defined herein. In a further embodiment, these compounds are useful in method for regulating one or both of the P2X3 or P2X2/3 receptors. In another embodiment, these compounds are useful for treating pain in patients by administering one or more of the compounds to a patient. In another embodiment, these compounds are useful for treating respiratory dysfunction in patients by administering one or more of the compounds to a patient. | 1. A compound of the structure of formula (I): 2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is H. 3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R2 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. 4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is H. 5. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or CN. 6. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R7 is selected from the group consisting of: 7. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is optionally substituted heteroaryl. 8. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is optionally substituted aryl. 9. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R3 are H. 10. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 and R6 are independently H or C1-C6 alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl. 11. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 and R6 are independently H or C3-C6 cycloalkyl. 12. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R3 are H and R2 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. 13. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R3 are H, R2 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl and R4 is optionally substituted heteroaryl. 14. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R3 are H, R2 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, R4 is optionally substituted heteroaryl, R5 and R6 are independently H or C1-C6 alkyl or are independently H and C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and R7 is 15. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of quinoline, benzofuran, pyridine, benzothiophene, imidazopyridine and indazole. 16. A compound according to claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of:
1-{4-[2-Isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-Isopropyl-7-(1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{7-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-ethylamino]-2-isopropyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-sec-Butyl-7-(1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{2-sec-Butyl-7-[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-ethylamino]-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-Isobutyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-Phenyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 1-{4-[1-Isopropyl-4-(1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{7-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-ethylamino]-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-Isopropyl-7-[(quinolin-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 4-[1-Isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1-methyl-piperazin-2-one; 1-{4-[1-Isobutyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Isopropyl-7-((S)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((S)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1-methyl-piperazin-2-one; 1-{4-[1-((R)-sec-Butyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-Ethyl-4-[1-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-2-one; 1-{4-[1-(2-Methoxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Cyclopentyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-((R)-1-Quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-((R)-1-Quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Hexyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-{[1-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-cyclobutylmethyl]-amino}-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-[1-(4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-[4-(1-sec-Butyl-7-{[1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-cyclobutylmethyl]-amino}-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Cyclobutylmethyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-[(S)-1-(4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Dicyclopropylmethyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-propylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-((S)-1-quinolin-3-yl-propylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-propan-1-one; 1-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-propan-1-one; 1-{4-[7-(1-Benzofuran-5-yl-ethylamino)-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-((R)-1-naphthalen-2-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-[1-Isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-2-one; 1-(4-{1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-[1-(6-fluoro-quinolin-3-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-propylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-[((R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[1-(2-methyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin4.6-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-[1-(2-methyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-[1-(4-isopropoxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Cyclobutyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-[1-Cyclobutyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1-methyl-piperazin-2-one; 1-{4-[1-Ethyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-[1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 1-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[1-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[1-(4-pyridin-2-yl-phenyl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-[(R)-1-(6-fluoro-quinolin-3-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-[1-(2-Cyclopropyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethylamino]-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-(1-Benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl-ethylamino)-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-[4-(1-sec-Butyl-7-{[cyclopropyl-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-yl)-methyl]-amino}-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethanone; 4-{7-[((R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-1-methyl-piperazin-2-one; 1-{4-[1-(1,2-Dimethyl-propyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-[(R)-1-(6-fluoro-quinolin-3-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone 1-{4-[7-[((R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1-(1,2-dimethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-{[Cyclopropyl-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-methyl]-amino}-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-{1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-[(quinolin-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 1-{4-[7-{[Cyclopropyl-(6-fluoro-quinolin-3-yl)-methyl]-amino}-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-{7-[((R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-[(cyclopropyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-[1-(6,7-difluoro-quinolin-3-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-((R)-sec-Butyl)-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-[1-(1H-indazol-3-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-[7-[((R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-[1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-(1-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; ((R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-[1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-5-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-amine; 1-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-morpholine-2-carbonitrile; 1-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-3-methyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; (1-sec-Butyl-5-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine; (1-sec-Butyl-5-tetrazol-1-yl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3 yl-methyl)-amine; (1-sec-Butyl-5-tetrazol-2-yl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3 yl-methyl)-amine; 4-(1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-{[cyclopropyl-(1-ethyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-methyl]-amino}-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 1-{4-[1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-(2-hydroxy-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-(2-methoxy-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-{1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-[(cyclopropyl-quinoxalin-2-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[(R)-1-(7-methyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-(1-Cyclopropyl-ethyl)-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid amide; 1-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[3-Bromo-1-sec-butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 5-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-1-sec-butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile; 1-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-3-cyclopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[3-Bromo-2-isopropyl-7-(1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5 yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 5-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-(1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid amide; 1-{4-[2-Isopropyl-3-methyl-7-(1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5 yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{3-Bromo-7-[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-ethylamino]-2-isopropyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[3-Bromo-2-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[3-Chloro-2-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[3-Bromo-1-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{7-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-ethylamino]-2-isopropyl-3-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-Isopropyl-3-methyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 5-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile; 5-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-1-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile; 1-{4-[3-Bromo-2-sec-butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 5-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-sec-butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile; 1-{4-[3-Cyclopropyl-2-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperaz4.53ine-1-sulfonic acid amide; 2-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-acetamide; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-N′-cyanopiperazine-1-carboximidamide; 4-(1-sec-butyl-7-{[(R)-methyl(quinolin-3-yl)methyl]amino}-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-N′-cyanopiperazine-1-carboximidamide; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxamidine; 2-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-pyrazol-1-yl}-ethanol; [1-sec-Butyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine; [1-sec-Butyl-5-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine; {1-sec-Butyl-5-[1-(2-fluoro-ethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl}-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine; (R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-[5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-amine; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid amide; [1-sec-Butyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine; 2-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-pyrazol-1-yl)-acetamide; 2-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-pyrazol-1-yl)-ethanol; 2-{1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-5-[1-(2-fluoro-ethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ylamino}-2-quinolin-3-yl-ethanol; {1-sec-Butyl-5-[1-(2-fluoro-ethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl}-[(R)-1-(7-methyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl]-amine; 4-[1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-(2-hydroxy-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide; [1-sec-Butyl-5-(5-methyl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine; 1-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-1H-[1,2,3]triazole-4-carboxylic acid amide; and (1-sec-Butyl-5-pyridazin-3-yl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine. 17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 18. A kit comprising a compound of claim 1. 19. A kit comprising the pharmaceutical composition of claim 17. 20. A method for regulating one or both of P2X3 or P2X2/3 receptors to a subject in need thereof, said method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 to the subject. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein said regulating comprises inhibition of one or both of the P2X3 or P2X2/3 receptors. 22. A method for treating pain in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 to said patient. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is nociceptive, dysfunctional, idiopathic, neuropathic, somatic, central, visceral, inflammatory, or procedural pain. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is caused by airway, bladder or visceral organ dysfunction. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is a migraine, back pain, neck pain, gynecological pain, pre-labor pain, labor pain, orthopedic pain, post-stroke pain, post-surgical pain, post herpetic neuralgia, sickle cell crisis, interstitial cystitis, urological pain, dental pain, headache, wound pain, surgical pain, suturing, fracture setting pain, or pain incident to biopsy. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is due to inflammation, nerve compression, or a mechanical force resulting from tissue distension as a consequence of invasion by a tumor into a tissue. 27. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is caused by esophageal cancer, colitis, cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome or idiopathic neuropathy. 28. The method of claim 23, wherein the somatic pain comprises pain from bone, joint, muscle, skin or connective tissue. 29. The method of claim 23, wherein the central pain comprises pain from brain trauma, stroke or spinal cord injury. 30. The method of claim 23, wherein the visceral pain comprises pain from the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, urinary tract or reproductive organs. 31. The method of claim 23, wherein the dysfunctional pain comprises pain from a rheumatologic condition, tension type headache, irritable bowel disorder or erythermalgia. 32. The method of claim 23, wherein the nociceptive pain comprises pain from a cut, bruise, bone fracture, crush injury, burn, trauma, surgery, labor, sprain, bump, injection, dental procedure, skin biopsy or obstruction. 33. The method of claim 23, wherein the neuropathic pain comprises pain due to trauma, surgery, herniation of an intervertebral disk, spinal cord injury, diabetes, infection with herpes zoster, HIV/AIDS, late-stage cancer, amputation, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic alcohol use, exposure to radiation, or an unintended side-effect of a neurotoxic treatment agent. 34. The method of claim 23, wherein the inflammatory pain comprises pain due to joint injury, muscle injury, tendon injury, surgical procedures, infection or arthritis. 35. The method of claim 23, wherein the procedural pain comprises pain from a medical, dental or surgical procedure. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the procedural pain is postoperative pain, associated with an injection, draining an abscess, surgery, dermatological, dental procedure, ophthalmic procedure, arthroscopy or cosmetic surgery. 37. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is caused by cancer. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the cancer is bone cancer. 39. The method of claim 22, wherein the administration is oral, intramuscular, rectal, cutaneous, subcutaneous, topical, transdermal, sublingual, nasal, vaginal, epidural, intrathecal, intravesical or ocular. 40. A method for treating a respiratory dysfunction in a subject in need thereof, said method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 to the subject. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the respiratory dysfunction is one or more of bronchial hyperactivity, bronchoconstriction, bronchospasm, hypersecretion, cough, cough hypersensitivity syndrome, wheezing, dyspnea, breathlessness and chest tightness. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein the respiratory dysfunction is caused by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, upper respiratory infection, interstitial lung disease (ILD), post-nasal drip, bronchitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), treatment with an ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitor or smoking. 43. The method of claim 41, wherein the cough is acute cough, sub-acute cough, chronic cough, pathologic cough, or the urge to cough. 44. The method of claim 41, wherein the cough is caused by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, upper respiratory infection, interstitial lung disease (ILD), post-nasal drip, bronchitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), treatment with an ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitor or smoking. 45. The method of claim 40, wherein the administration is oral, intramuscular, rectal, cutaneous, subcutaneous, topical, transdermal, sublingual, nasal, vaginal, epidural, intrathecal, intravesical, ocular or inhalation. | The present disclosure provides novel compounds and methods for preparing and using these compounds. In one embodiment, the compounds are of the structure of formula (I), wherein R1-R7 are defined herein. In a further embodiment, these compounds are useful in method for regulating one or both of the P2X3 or P2X2/3 receptors. In another embodiment, these compounds are useful for treating pain in patients by administering one or more of the compounds to a patient. In another embodiment, these compounds are useful for treating respiratory dysfunction in patients by administering one or more of the compounds to a patient.1. A compound of the structure of formula (I): 2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is H. 3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R2 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. 4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is H. 5. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or CN. 6. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R7 is selected from the group consisting of: 7. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is optionally substituted heteroaryl. 8. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is optionally substituted aryl. 9. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R3 are H. 10. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 and R6 are independently H or C1-C6 alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl. 11. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 and R6 are independently H or C3-C6 cycloalkyl. 12. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R3 are H and R2 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. 13. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R3 are H, R2 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl and R4 is optionally substituted heteroaryl. 14. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R3 are H, R2 is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, R4 is optionally substituted heteroaryl, R5 and R6 are independently H or C1-C6 alkyl or are independently H and C3-C6 cycloalkyl, and R7 is 15. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is an optionally substituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of quinoline, benzofuran, pyridine, benzothiophene, imidazopyridine and indazole. 16. A compound according to claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of:
1-{4-[2-Isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-Isopropyl-7-(1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{7-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-ethylamino]-2-isopropyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-sec-Butyl-7-(1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{2-sec-Butyl-7-[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-ethylamino]-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-Isobutyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-Phenyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 1-{4-[1-Isopropyl-4-(1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{7-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-ethylamino]-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-Isopropyl-7-[(quinolin-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 4-[1-Isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1-methyl-piperazin-2-one; 1-{4-[1-Isobutyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Isopropyl-7-((S)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((S)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1-methyl-piperazin-2-one; 1-{4-[1-((R)-sec-Butyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-Ethyl-4-[1-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-2-one; 1-{4-[1-(2-Methoxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Cyclopentyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-((R)-1-Quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-((R)-1-Quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Hexyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-{[1-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-cyclobutylmethyl]-amino}-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-[1-(4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-[4-(1-sec-Butyl-7-{[1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-cyclobutylmethyl]-amino}-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Cyclobutylmethyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-[(S)-1-(4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Dicyclopropylmethyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-propylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-((S)-1-quinolin-3-yl-propylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-propan-1-one; 1-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-propan-1-one; 1-{4-[7-(1-Benzofuran-5-yl-ethylamino)-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-((R)-1-naphthalen-2-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-[1-Isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-2-one; 1-(4-{1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-[1-(6-fluoro-quinolin-3-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-propylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-[((R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[1-(2-methyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin4.6-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-[1-(2-methyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-[1-(4-isopropoxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-Cyclobutyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-[1-Cyclobutyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-1-methyl-piperazin-2-one; 1-{4-[1-Ethyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-[1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 1-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[1-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[1-(4-pyridin-2-yl-phenyl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-[(R)-1-(6-fluoro-quinolin-3-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-[1-(2-Cyclopropyl-benzofuran-5-yl)-ethylamino]-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-(1-Benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl-ethylamino)-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-[4-(1-sec-Butyl-7-{[cyclopropyl-(6-phenyl-pyridin-3-yl)-methyl]-amino}-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-piperazin-1-yl]-ethanone; 4-{7-[((R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-1-methyl-piperazin-2-one; 1-{4-[1-(1,2-Dimethyl-propyl)-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-[(R)-1-(6-fluoro-quinolin-3-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone 1-{4-[7-[((R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1-(1,2-dimethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[7-{[Cyclopropyl-(6-cyclopropylmethoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-methyl]-amino}-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-{1-(1-Ethyl-propyl)-7-[(quinolin-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 1-{4-[7-{[Cyclopropyl-(6-fluoro-quinolin-3-yl)-methyl]-amino}-1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-{7-[((R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-[(cyclopropyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-[1-(6,7-difluoro-quinolin-3-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-((R)-sec-Butyl)-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-[1-(1H-indazol-3-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-[7-[((R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-[1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-(1-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; ((R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-[1-(1-ethyl-propyl)-5-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-amine; 1-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-morpholine-2-carbonitrile; 1-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-3-methyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; (1-sec-Butyl-5-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine; (1-sec-Butyl-5-tetrazol-1-yl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3 yl-methyl)-amine; (1-sec-Butyl-5-tetrazol-2-yl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3 yl-methyl)-amine; 4-(1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-{[cyclopropyl-(1-ethyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-methyl]-amino}-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 1-{4-[1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-(2-hydroxy-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-(2-methoxy-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-{1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-[(cyclopropyl-quinoxalin-2-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[(R)-1-(7-methyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-ethylamino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 4-{1-(1-Cyclopropyl-ethyl)-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid amide; 1-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[3-Bromo-1-sec-butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 5-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-1-sec-butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile; 1-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-3-cyclopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[3-Bromo-2-isopropyl-7-(1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5 yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 5-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-(1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid amide; 1-{4-[2-Isopropyl-3-methyl-7-(1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5 yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{3-Bromo-7-[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-ethylamino]-2-isopropyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[3-Bromo-2-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[3-Chloro-2-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-{4-[3-Bromo-1-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 1-(4-{7-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-ethylamino]-2-isopropyl-3-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-ethanone; 1-{4-[2-Isopropyl-3-methyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 5-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile; 5-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-1-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile; 1-{4-[3-Bromo-2-sec-butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 5-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-sec-butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile; 1-{4-[3-Cyclopropyl-2-isopropyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazin-1-yl}-ethanone; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperaz4.53ine-1-sulfonic acid amide; 2-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazin-1-yl)-acetamide; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-N′-cyanopiperazine-1-carboximidamide; 4-(1-sec-butyl-7-{[(R)-methyl(quinolin-3-yl)methyl]amino}-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-N′-cyanopiperazine-1-carboximidamide; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperazine-1-carboxamidine; 2-{4-[1-sec-Butyl-7-((R)-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-pyrazol-1-yl}-ethanol; [1-sec-Butyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine; [1-sec-Butyl-5-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine; {1-sec-Butyl-5-[1-(2-fluoro-ethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl}-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine; (R)-Cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-[5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-amine; 4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid amide; [1-sec-Butyl-5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine; 2-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-pyrazol-1-yl)-acetamide; 2-(4-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-pyrazol-1-yl)-ethanol; 2-{1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-5-[1-(2-fluoro-ethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ylamino}-2-quinolin-3-yl-ethanol; {1-sec-Butyl-5-[1-(2-fluoro-ethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl}-[(R)-1-(7-methyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl]-amine; 4-[1-((S)-sec-Butyl)-7-(2-hydroxy-1-quinolin-3-yl-ethylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid amide; 1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide; [1-sec-Butyl-5-(5-methyl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine; 1-{1-sec-Butyl-7-[((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amino]-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl}-1H-[1,2,3]triazole-4-carboxylic acid amide; and (1-sec-Butyl-5-pyridazin-3-yl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-((R)-cyclopropyl-quinolin-3-yl-methyl)-amine. 17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 18. A kit comprising a compound of claim 1. 19. A kit comprising the pharmaceutical composition of claim 17. 20. A method for regulating one or both of P2X3 or P2X2/3 receptors to a subject in need thereof, said method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 to the subject. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein said regulating comprises inhibition of one or both of the P2X3 or P2X2/3 receptors. 22. A method for treating pain in a subject, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 to said patient. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is nociceptive, dysfunctional, idiopathic, neuropathic, somatic, central, visceral, inflammatory, or procedural pain. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is caused by airway, bladder or visceral organ dysfunction. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is a migraine, back pain, neck pain, gynecological pain, pre-labor pain, labor pain, orthopedic pain, post-stroke pain, post-surgical pain, post herpetic neuralgia, sickle cell crisis, interstitial cystitis, urological pain, dental pain, headache, wound pain, surgical pain, suturing, fracture setting pain, or pain incident to biopsy. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is due to inflammation, nerve compression, or a mechanical force resulting from tissue distension as a consequence of invasion by a tumor into a tissue. 27. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is caused by esophageal cancer, colitis, cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome or idiopathic neuropathy. 28. The method of claim 23, wherein the somatic pain comprises pain from bone, joint, muscle, skin or connective tissue. 29. The method of claim 23, wherein the central pain comprises pain from brain trauma, stroke or spinal cord injury. 30. The method of claim 23, wherein the visceral pain comprises pain from the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, urinary tract or reproductive organs. 31. The method of claim 23, wherein the dysfunctional pain comprises pain from a rheumatologic condition, tension type headache, irritable bowel disorder or erythermalgia. 32. The method of claim 23, wherein the nociceptive pain comprises pain from a cut, bruise, bone fracture, crush injury, burn, trauma, surgery, labor, sprain, bump, injection, dental procedure, skin biopsy or obstruction. 33. The method of claim 23, wherein the neuropathic pain comprises pain due to trauma, surgery, herniation of an intervertebral disk, spinal cord injury, diabetes, infection with herpes zoster, HIV/AIDS, late-stage cancer, amputation, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic alcohol use, exposure to radiation, or an unintended side-effect of a neurotoxic treatment agent. 34. The method of claim 23, wherein the inflammatory pain comprises pain due to joint injury, muscle injury, tendon injury, surgical procedures, infection or arthritis. 35. The method of claim 23, wherein the procedural pain comprises pain from a medical, dental or surgical procedure. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the procedural pain is postoperative pain, associated with an injection, draining an abscess, surgery, dermatological, dental procedure, ophthalmic procedure, arthroscopy or cosmetic surgery. 37. The method of claim 22, wherein the pain is caused by cancer. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the cancer is bone cancer. 39. The method of claim 22, wherein the administration is oral, intramuscular, rectal, cutaneous, subcutaneous, topical, transdermal, sublingual, nasal, vaginal, epidural, intrathecal, intravesical or ocular. 40. A method for treating a respiratory dysfunction in a subject in need thereof, said method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 to the subject. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the respiratory dysfunction is one or more of bronchial hyperactivity, bronchoconstriction, bronchospasm, hypersecretion, cough, cough hypersensitivity syndrome, wheezing, dyspnea, breathlessness and chest tightness. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein the respiratory dysfunction is caused by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, upper respiratory infection, interstitial lung disease (ILD), post-nasal drip, bronchitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), treatment with an ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitor or smoking. 43. The method of claim 41, wherein the cough is acute cough, sub-acute cough, chronic cough, pathologic cough, or the urge to cough. 44. The method of claim 41, wherein the cough is caused by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, upper respiratory infection, interstitial lung disease (ILD), post-nasal drip, bronchitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), treatment with an ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitor or smoking. 45. The method of claim 40, wherein the administration is oral, intramuscular, rectal, cutaneous, subcutaneous, topical, transdermal, sublingual, nasal, vaginal, epidural, intrathecal, intravesical, ocular or inhalation. | 2,600 |
339,394 | 16,800,303 | 3,681 | A system and method for expedited registration of products at a server and dynamically generating content for both users and manufacturers, retailers or third party providers based on the registration. After registration of the user, response events are asynchronously used to collect data, search for stored product information and registration records, score attributes of the user and dynamically render content to be sent to the user, manufacturer, retailer or third party provider. | 1. A method for registering a product, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving, over a network by a data collection module embodied in a non-transitory computer memory of a data collection content rendering system operating on one or more processors, an electronic registration request message from an input device, the registration request message including an identifier of a consumer product; searching data storage for data of a consumer product identified by the identifier of the consumer product by a search service module embodied in a non-transitory computer memory of a data collection content rendering system; asynchronously collecting user information from the user by the data collection module when the search service module has identified that the identifier of the consumer product has identified consumer product stored in the data storage, the data collection module creating a registration record with the identifier of a consumer product and the user information; storing the registration record in a data storage; and asynchronously generating one or more response events by a content service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system to dynamically render content associated with the registration record. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the electronic registration request message is generated from an input device communicatively connected to the data collection content rendering system via the network, the input device having a reader, wherein the reader inputs the identifier of a consumer product by reading an input label. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the reader comprises at least one of a NFC reader, an RFID reader, and an identification image reader and the tag comprises at least one of an NFC tag, RFID tag and an identification image. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the electronic registration request message includes input generated from a collection endpoints module embodied in a non-transitory computer memory of a collection endpoints system operating on one or more processors, the collection endpoints module using data received from the input device communicatively connected to the collection endpoints system via the network, the data being generated from one or more of an electronic text code, a hyperlink accessed by a messaging application running on the input device, image processing, voice processing and natural language processing. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
the data collection module generating a registration event when the registration record is created and posting the registration event in a queue;
asynchronously receiving from the queue the registration event at a scoring service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system, the scoring service module obtaining the stored registration record and determining a score for attributes from the registration record; and
posting the score as the response event into the queue. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the attributes from the registration record include a probability of the user to respond and a monetary value of a specific accessory or service for purchase. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the steps of:
asynchronously receiving the score as the response event from the queue;
activating a decision service module to determine a decision from the score and the data from the registration record; and
posting the decision as the response event in the queue. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the decision is based on if the score is above a predetermined threshold the user is entered into a marketing campaign. 9. The method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of:
asynchronously receiving the decision as the response event from the queue;
activating a message service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system, the message service module obtaining content from the data storage based on the decision; and
the message service module posting the obtained content on the queue to render the content associated with the registration record. 10. The method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of:
asynchronously receiving the decision as the response event;
activating a message service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system, the message service module obtaining content from the data storage based on the decision; and
the message service module posting the obtained content on the queue to render the content associated with the registration record. 11. The method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of: asynchronously receiving the decision as the response event; the decision service module delegating the response event to a privacy service to get customer data, get regulatory policies and/or local policies to set a privacy action based on the customer data and the regulatory and/or local policies;
generating a decision including the privacy action as a response event; and
posting the decision including the privacy action as a response event in the queue. 12. A system for registering a product comprising:
a processing system including at least one processor, and non-transitory computer memory including instructions translatable by the at least one processor to perform: receiving, over a network by a data collection module embodied in a non-transitory computer memory of a data collection content rendering system operating on one or more processors, an electronic registration request message from an input device, the registration request message including an identifier of a consumer product; searching data storage for data of a consumer product identified by the identifier of the consumer product by a search service module embodied in a non-transitory computer memory of a data collection content rendering system; asynchronously collecting user information from the user by the data collection module when the search service module has identified that the identifier of the consumer product has identified consumer product stored in the data storage, the data collection module creating a registration record with the identifier of a consumer product and the user information; storing the registration record in a data storage; and asynchronously generating one or more response events by a content service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system to dynamically render content associated with the registration record. 13. The system of claim 12 wherein the electronic registration request message is generated from an input device communicatively connected to the data collection content rendering system via the network, the input device having a reader, wherein the reader inputs the identifier of a consumer product by reading an input label. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the reader comprises at least one of a NFC reader, an RFID reader, and an identification image reader and the tag comprises at least one of an NFC tag, RFID tag and an identification image. 15. The system of claim 12 wherein the electronic registration request message includes input generated from a collection endpoints module embodied in a non-transitory computer memory of a collection endpoints system operating on one or more processors, the collection endpoints module using data received from a input device communicatively connected to the collection endpoints system via the network, the data being generated from one or more of an electronic text code, a hyperlink accessed by a messaging application running on the user's device, image processing, voice processing and natural language processing. 16. The system of claim 15 further comprising a queue wherein the data collection module performs generating a registration event when the registration record is created and posting the registration event in the queue;
asynchronously receiving from the queue the registration event at a scoring service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system, the scoring service module obtaining the stored registration record and determining a score for attributes from the registration record; and
posting the score as the response event into the queue. 17. The system of claim 16 further comprising
asynchronously receiving the score as the response event from the queue;
activating a decision service module to determine a decision from the score and the data from the registration record; and
posting the decision as the response event in the queue. 18. The system of claim 17 further comprising:
asynchronously receiving the decision as the response event from the queue;
activating a message service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system, the message service module obtaining content from the data storage based on the decision; and
the message service module posting the obtained content on the queue to render the content associated with the registration record. 19. The system of claim 18 further comprising:
asynchronously receiving the decision as the response event;
activating a message service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system, the message service module obtaining content from the data storage based on the decision; and
the message service module posting the obtained content on the queue to render the content associated with the registration record. 20. The system of claim 19 further comprising: asynchronously receiving the decision as the response event; the decision service module delegating the response event to a privacy service to get customer data, get regulatory policies and/or local policies to set a privacy action based on the customer data and the regulatory and/or local policies;
generating a decision including the privacy action as a response event; and
posting the decision including the privacy action as a response event in the queue. | A system and method for expedited registration of products at a server and dynamically generating content for both users and manufacturers, retailers or third party providers based on the registration. After registration of the user, response events are asynchronously used to collect data, search for stored product information and registration records, score attributes of the user and dynamically render content to be sent to the user, manufacturer, retailer or third party provider.1. A method for registering a product, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving, over a network by a data collection module embodied in a non-transitory computer memory of a data collection content rendering system operating on one or more processors, an electronic registration request message from an input device, the registration request message including an identifier of a consumer product; searching data storage for data of a consumer product identified by the identifier of the consumer product by a search service module embodied in a non-transitory computer memory of a data collection content rendering system; asynchronously collecting user information from the user by the data collection module when the search service module has identified that the identifier of the consumer product has identified consumer product stored in the data storage, the data collection module creating a registration record with the identifier of a consumer product and the user information; storing the registration record in a data storage; and asynchronously generating one or more response events by a content service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system to dynamically render content associated with the registration record. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the electronic registration request message is generated from an input device communicatively connected to the data collection content rendering system via the network, the input device having a reader, wherein the reader inputs the identifier of a consumer product by reading an input label. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the reader comprises at least one of a NFC reader, an RFID reader, and an identification image reader and the tag comprises at least one of an NFC tag, RFID tag and an identification image. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the electronic registration request message includes input generated from a collection endpoints module embodied in a non-transitory computer memory of a collection endpoints system operating on one or more processors, the collection endpoints module using data received from the input device communicatively connected to the collection endpoints system via the network, the data being generated from one or more of an electronic text code, a hyperlink accessed by a messaging application running on the input device, image processing, voice processing and natural language processing. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
the data collection module generating a registration event when the registration record is created and posting the registration event in a queue;
asynchronously receiving from the queue the registration event at a scoring service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system, the scoring service module obtaining the stored registration record and determining a score for attributes from the registration record; and
posting the score as the response event into the queue. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the attributes from the registration record include a probability of the user to respond and a monetary value of a specific accessory or service for purchase. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the steps of:
asynchronously receiving the score as the response event from the queue;
activating a decision service module to determine a decision from the score and the data from the registration record; and
posting the decision as the response event in the queue. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the decision is based on if the score is above a predetermined threshold the user is entered into a marketing campaign. 9. The method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of:
asynchronously receiving the decision as the response event from the queue;
activating a message service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system, the message service module obtaining content from the data storage based on the decision; and
the message service module posting the obtained content on the queue to render the content associated with the registration record. 10. The method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of:
asynchronously receiving the decision as the response event;
activating a message service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system, the message service module obtaining content from the data storage based on the decision; and
the message service module posting the obtained content on the queue to render the content associated with the registration record. 11. The method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of: asynchronously receiving the decision as the response event; the decision service module delegating the response event to a privacy service to get customer data, get regulatory policies and/or local policies to set a privacy action based on the customer data and the regulatory and/or local policies;
generating a decision including the privacy action as a response event; and
posting the decision including the privacy action as a response event in the queue. 12. A system for registering a product comprising:
a processing system including at least one processor, and non-transitory computer memory including instructions translatable by the at least one processor to perform: receiving, over a network by a data collection module embodied in a non-transitory computer memory of a data collection content rendering system operating on one or more processors, an electronic registration request message from an input device, the registration request message including an identifier of a consumer product; searching data storage for data of a consumer product identified by the identifier of the consumer product by a search service module embodied in a non-transitory computer memory of a data collection content rendering system; asynchronously collecting user information from the user by the data collection module when the search service module has identified that the identifier of the consumer product has identified consumer product stored in the data storage, the data collection module creating a registration record with the identifier of a consumer product and the user information; storing the registration record in a data storage; and asynchronously generating one or more response events by a content service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system to dynamically render content associated with the registration record. 13. The system of claim 12 wherein the electronic registration request message is generated from an input device communicatively connected to the data collection content rendering system via the network, the input device having a reader, wherein the reader inputs the identifier of a consumer product by reading an input label. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the reader comprises at least one of a NFC reader, an RFID reader, and an identification image reader and the tag comprises at least one of an NFC tag, RFID tag and an identification image. 15. The system of claim 12 wherein the electronic registration request message includes input generated from a collection endpoints module embodied in a non-transitory computer memory of a collection endpoints system operating on one or more processors, the collection endpoints module using data received from a input device communicatively connected to the collection endpoints system via the network, the data being generated from one or more of an electronic text code, a hyperlink accessed by a messaging application running on the user's device, image processing, voice processing and natural language processing. 16. The system of claim 15 further comprising a queue wherein the data collection module performs generating a registration event when the registration record is created and posting the registration event in the queue;
asynchronously receiving from the queue the registration event at a scoring service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system, the scoring service module obtaining the stored registration record and determining a score for attributes from the registration record; and
posting the score as the response event into the queue. 17. The system of claim 16 further comprising
asynchronously receiving the score as the response event from the queue;
activating a decision service module to determine a decision from the score and the data from the registration record; and
posting the decision as the response event in the queue. 18. The system of claim 17 further comprising:
asynchronously receiving the decision as the response event from the queue;
activating a message service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system, the message service module obtaining content from the data storage based on the decision; and
the message service module posting the obtained content on the queue to render the content associated with the registration record. 19. The system of claim 18 further comprising:
asynchronously receiving the decision as the response event;
activating a message service module embodied in the non-transitory computer memory of the data collection content rendering system, the message service module obtaining content from the data storage based on the decision; and
the message service module posting the obtained content on the queue to render the content associated with the registration record. 20. The system of claim 19 further comprising: asynchronously receiving the decision as the response event; the decision service module delegating the response event to a privacy service to get customer data, get regulatory policies and/or local policies to set a privacy action based on the customer data and the regulatory and/or local policies;
generating a decision including the privacy action as a response event; and
posting the decision including the privacy action as a response event in the queue. | 3,600 |
339,395 | 16,800,274 | 3,681 | A vehicle interior component is disclosed. The component may comprise a cover movable relative to a base between closed and open positions and a latch mechanism comprising a magnet arrangement for movement within the cover for engaged and disengaged states. The magnet arrangement may maintain the disengaged state after the cover is released from the base. A magnet of the base may retain the engaged state, a magnet may retain the disengaged state. The magnet arrangement may be concealed within the cover; a magnet arrangement may be concealed within the base. The base may comprise a first magnet on a sidewall and a second magnet on another sidewall; the cover may comprise a first magnet to engage the first magnet of the base and a second magnet to engage the second magnet of the base. The component may comprise a trim component, console, floor console, center console, or compartment. | 1. A vehicle interior component comprising:
(a) a base; (b) a cover movable relative to the base from a closed position to an open position; and (c) a latch mechanism; wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnet arrangement configured for movement within the cover for an engaged state and a disengaged state to release the cover from the closed position; wherein the magnet arrangement is configured to maintain the disengaged state after the cover has been released from the base. 2. The component of claim 1 wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnet arrangement of the base comprising at least one magnet on the base. 3. The component of claim 2 wherein the magnet arrangement of the base comprises a first magnet and a second magnet; wherein the first magnet is configured to retain at least one magnet of the cover in the engaged state, wherein the second magnet is configured to retain at least one magnet of the cover in the disengaged state. 4. The component of claim 2 wherein the magnet arrangement of the cover is configured to be concealed within the cover; wherein the magnet arrangement of the base is configured to be concealed within the base. 5. The component of claim 2 wherein the base comprises a first sidewall and a second sidewall; wherein the magnet arrangement of the base comprises a first magnet on the first sidewall of the base and a second magnet on the second sidewall of the base; wherein the magnet arrangement of the cover comprises a first magnet and a second magnet; wherein the first magnet of the cover is configured to engage the first magnet of the base and the second magnet of the cover is configured to engage the second magnet of the base. 6. The component of claim 1 wherein the cover comprises a button for the latch mechanism configured to release the cover from the base; wherein the magnet arrangement of the cover is configured to move away from the button to release the cover from the base. 7. The component of claim 1 wherein the latch mechanism further comprises a damper for the magnet arrangement of the cover; wherein the damper is configured to slow movement of the magnet arrangement of the cover from the disengaged state to the engaged state. 8. A vehicle interior component comprising:
(a) a base; (b) a cover movable relative to the base from a closed position to an open position; and (c) a latch mechanism; wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnet arrangement configured for movement within the cover for an engaged state and a disengaged state to release the cover from the closed position; wherein the magnet arrangement within the cover comprises a first magnet and a second magnet; wherein the first magnet is configured for movement relative to the second magnet to release the cover from the base. 9. The component of claim 8 wherein the first magnet and the second magnet are configured to move apart to release the cover from the base. 10. The component of claim 8 wherein the first magnet is configured to move toward the second magnet to release the cover from the base. 11. The component of claim 8 wherein the latch mechanism comprises a linkage;
wherein the linkage is configured to link movement the first magnet and the second magnet. 12. The component of claim 11 wherein the linkage comprises a rack and pinion mechanism. 13. The component of claim 8 wherein the latch mechanism comprises a spring; wherein the spring is configured to facilitate relative movement of the first magnet and the second magnet. 14. The component of claim 8 wherein the cover comprises a button for the latch mechanism configured to release the cover from the base; wherein actuation of the button for the latch mechanism is configured to translate the first magnet; wherein actuation of the button for the latch mechanism is configured to translate the second magnet. 15. A vehicle interior component comprising:
(a) a base; (b) a cover movable relative to the base from a closed position to an open position; and (c) a latch mechanism; wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnet arrangement configured for movement within the cover for an engaged state and a disengaged state to release the cover from the closed position; wherein the cover comprises a button; wherein the cover comprises an arm configured to be actuated by the button; wherein the arm is configured to retain the cover to the base until actuated to movement by the button; wherein the arm is configured for movement from the button to release the cover from the base. 16. The component of claim 15 wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnetic latch; wherein the magnetic latch comprises the magnet arrangement; wherein the magnet arrangement comprises at least one magnet for the arm; wherein the button is configured to actuate the magnetic latch; wherein actuation of the magnetic latch by the button is configured to move at least one magnet of the arm relative to the base to actuate movement of the cover from the closed position to the open position. 17. The component of claim 15 wherein the arm comprises a magnet and the base comprises a magnet; wherein the magnet of the arm is configured to engage the magnet of the base to retain the cover in the closed position; wherein the magnet of the base is configured to repel the magnet of the cover to prevent the cover from moving toward the closed position. 18. The component of claim 15 wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnetic latch; wherein the magnetic latch comprises the magnet arrangement within the cover and a magnet arrangement comprising at least one magnet for the base; wherein the magnet arrangement within the cover comprises at least one magnet; wherein the button is configured to move from a raised position with the cover in the closed position to a depressed position to release the cover from the base; wherein the magnet arrangement of the base is configured (a) to prevent movement of the button to the raised position; (b) to prevent the cover from moving to the closed position. 19. The component of claim 15 wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnetic latch; wherein the magnetic latch comprises the magnet arrangement within the cover and a magnet arrangement for the base; wherein the magnet arrangement within the cover comprises a magnet comprising at least one magnet segment; wherein the magnet arrangement for the base comprises a magnet comprising at least one magnet segment; wherein the magnet of the cover is configured to engage the magnet of the base to hold the cover in the closed position; wherein the magnet of the base is configured to repel the magnet of the cover to prevent the cover from moving toward the closed position. 20. The component of claim 19 wherein the magnet for the base comprises a magnet segment with a first polarity and a magnet segment with a second polarity. | A vehicle interior component is disclosed. The component may comprise a cover movable relative to a base between closed and open positions and a latch mechanism comprising a magnet arrangement for movement within the cover for engaged and disengaged states. The magnet arrangement may maintain the disengaged state after the cover is released from the base. A magnet of the base may retain the engaged state, a magnet may retain the disengaged state. The magnet arrangement may be concealed within the cover; a magnet arrangement may be concealed within the base. The base may comprise a first magnet on a sidewall and a second magnet on another sidewall; the cover may comprise a first magnet to engage the first magnet of the base and a second magnet to engage the second magnet of the base. The component may comprise a trim component, console, floor console, center console, or compartment.1. A vehicle interior component comprising:
(a) a base; (b) a cover movable relative to the base from a closed position to an open position; and (c) a latch mechanism; wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnet arrangement configured for movement within the cover for an engaged state and a disengaged state to release the cover from the closed position; wherein the magnet arrangement is configured to maintain the disengaged state after the cover has been released from the base. 2. The component of claim 1 wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnet arrangement of the base comprising at least one magnet on the base. 3. The component of claim 2 wherein the magnet arrangement of the base comprises a first magnet and a second magnet; wherein the first magnet is configured to retain at least one magnet of the cover in the engaged state, wherein the second magnet is configured to retain at least one magnet of the cover in the disengaged state. 4. The component of claim 2 wherein the magnet arrangement of the cover is configured to be concealed within the cover; wherein the magnet arrangement of the base is configured to be concealed within the base. 5. The component of claim 2 wherein the base comprises a first sidewall and a second sidewall; wherein the magnet arrangement of the base comprises a first magnet on the first sidewall of the base and a second magnet on the second sidewall of the base; wherein the magnet arrangement of the cover comprises a first magnet and a second magnet; wherein the first magnet of the cover is configured to engage the first magnet of the base and the second magnet of the cover is configured to engage the second magnet of the base. 6. The component of claim 1 wherein the cover comprises a button for the latch mechanism configured to release the cover from the base; wherein the magnet arrangement of the cover is configured to move away from the button to release the cover from the base. 7. The component of claim 1 wherein the latch mechanism further comprises a damper for the magnet arrangement of the cover; wherein the damper is configured to slow movement of the magnet arrangement of the cover from the disengaged state to the engaged state. 8. A vehicle interior component comprising:
(a) a base; (b) a cover movable relative to the base from a closed position to an open position; and (c) a latch mechanism; wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnet arrangement configured for movement within the cover for an engaged state and a disengaged state to release the cover from the closed position; wherein the magnet arrangement within the cover comprises a first magnet and a second magnet; wherein the first magnet is configured for movement relative to the second magnet to release the cover from the base. 9. The component of claim 8 wherein the first magnet and the second magnet are configured to move apart to release the cover from the base. 10. The component of claim 8 wherein the first magnet is configured to move toward the second magnet to release the cover from the base. 11. The component of claim 8 wherein the latch mechanism comprises a linkage;
wherein the linkage is configured to link movement the first magnet and the second magnet. 12. The component of claim 11 wherein the linkage comprises a rack and pinion mechanism. 13. The component of claim 8 wherein the latch mechanism comprises a spring; wherein the spring is configured to facilitate relative movement of the first magnet and the second magnet. 14. The component of claim 8 wherein the cover comprises a button for the latch mechanism configured to release the cover from the base; wherein actuation of the button for the latch mechanism is configured to translate the first magnet; wherein actuation of the button for the latch mechanism is configured to translate the second magnet. 15. A vehicle interior component comprising:
(a) a base; (b) a cover movable relative to the base from a closed position to an open position; and (c) a latch mechanism; wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnet arrangement configured for movement within the cover for an engaged state and a disengaged state to release the cover from the closed position; wherein the cover comprises a button; wherein the cover comprises an arm configured to be actuated by the button; wherein the arm is configured to retain the cover to the base until actuated to movement by the button; wherein the arm is configured for movement from the button to release the cover from the base. 16. The component of claim 15 wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnetic latch; wherein the magnetic latch comprises the magnet arrangement; wherein the magnet arrangement comprises at least one magnet for the arm; wherein the button is configured to actuate the magnetic latch; wherein actuation of the magnetic latch by the button is configured to move at least one magnet of the arm relative to the base to actuate movement of the cover from the closed position to the open position. 17. The component of claim 15 wherein the arm comprises a magnet and the base comprises a magnet; wherein the magnet of the arm is configured to engage the magnet of the base to retain the cover in the closed position; wherein the magnet of the base is configured to repel the magnet of the cover to prevent the cover from moving toward the closed position. 18. The component of claim 15 wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnetic latch; wherein the magnetic latch comprises the magnet arrangement within the cover and a magnet arrangement comprising at least one magnet for the base; wherein the magnet arrangement within the cover comprises at least one magnet; wherein the button is configured to move from a raised position with the cover in the closed position to a depressed position to release the cover from the base; wherein the magnet arrangement of the base is configured (a) to prevent movement of the button to the raised position; (b) to prevent the cover from moving to the closed position. 19. The component of claim 15 wherein the latch mechanism comprises a magnetic latch; wherein the magnetic latch comprises the magnet arrangement within the cover and a magnet arrangement for the base; wherein the magnet arrangement within the cover comprises a magnet comprising at least one magnet segment; wherein the magnet arrangement for the base comprises a magnet comprising at least one magnet segment; wherein the magnet of the cover is configured to engage the magnet of the base to hold the cover in the closed position; wherein the magnet of the base is configured to repel the magnet of the cover to prevent the cover from moving toward the closed position. 20. The component of claim 19 wherein the magnet for the base comprises a magnet segment with a first polarity and a magnet segment with a second polarity. | 3,600 |
339,396 | 16,800,287 | 3,681 | Solid state transducer devices having integrated electrostatic discharge protection and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a solid state transducer device includes a solid state emitter, and an electrostatic discharge device carried by the solid state emitter. In some embodiments, the electrostatic discharge device and the solid state emitter share a common first contact and a common second contact. In further embodiments, the solid state lighting device and the electrostatic discharge device share a common epitaxial substrate. In still further embodiments, the electrostatic discharge device is positioned between the solid state lighting device and a support substrate. | 1. A solid state transducer device, comprising:
a solid state emitter (SSE) including a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer, and an active layer between the first and second semiconductor layers; an electrostatic discharge (ESD) device carried by the SSE, the ESD device and the SSE including a first shared contact and a second shared contact, with the first and second shared contacts being the only externally accessible active electrical contacts for both the SSE and the ESD device; and a via extending through at least the active layer of the SSE, and forming the first shared contact between the SSE and the ESD device. 2. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, wherein the via comprises a conductive material surrounded by an insulating material that electrically isolates the conductive material from the active layer, wherein the first shared contact includes the conductive material. 3. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, wherein the via extends through a layer positioned between the ESD device and the SSE to electrically isolate the ESD device from the SSE. 4. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, wherein the via electrically connects an epitaxial layer of the ESD device to a conductive reflective material coupled to the SSE. 5. The solid state transducer device of claim 4, wherein the via extends through the first and second semiconductor layers of the SSE and the epitaxial layer of the ESD device. 6. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, further comprising:
a buffer layer positioned between the epitaxial layer of the ESD device and the SSE,
wherein the buffer layer includes a large-bandgap semiconductor material, and
wherein the via extends through the buffer layer. 7. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, wherein the via electrically connects the second semiconductor layer of the SSE to an ESD junction of the ESD device. 8. The solid state transducer device of claim 7, wherein the via extends through the first semiconductor layer of the SSE and a reflective layer positioned between the SSE and the ESD device. 9. The solid state transducer device of claim 8, further comprising:
an insulating layer positioned between the ESD device and the reflective layer, wherein the via extends through the insulating layer. 10. The solid state transducer device of claim 7, further comprising:
a support substrate coupled to the ESD device at the second shared contact, the support substrate configured to provide a path for electrical current flow during an ESD event. 11. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, wherein the ESD device is coupled with the SSE in parallel, forming a diode connected between the first and second shared contacts. 12. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, wherein the first shared contact is configured to couple with a power source that is further coupled to a controller configured to direct the power source. 13. A solid state transducer device, comprising:
a solid state emitter (SSE) formed on an epitaxial substrate; an electrostatic discharge (ESD) device carried by the SSE, wherein:
the ESD device includes a portion of the epitaxial substrate; and
the ESD device and the SSE include a first shared contact and a second shared contact, with the first and second shared contacts being the only externally accessible active electrical contacts for both the SSE and the ESD device; and
a via in the portion of the epitaxial substrate, wherein the via forms the first shared contact between the SSE and the ESD device. 14. The solid state transducer device of claim 13, further comprising:
a buffer layer positioned between the portion of the epitaxial substrate and the SSE, wherein the via extends through the buffer layer. 15. The solid state transducer device of claim 13, wherein the via extends through the SSE and connects to a conducting material coupled with a first surface of the SSE, wherein the first surface is opposite to a second surface of the SSE connected to the second shared contact. 16. The solid state transducer device of claim 13, wherein the ESD device comprises a p-n junction formed in the portion of the epitaxial substrate. 17. A solid state transducer device, comprising:
a solid state emitter (SSE) including a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer, and an active layer between the first and second semiconductor layers; a reflective material coupled to the first semiconductor layer; and an electrostatic discharge (ESD) device coupled to the reflective material, wherein the ESD device and the SSE include a first shared contact and a second shared contact, with the first and second shared contacts being the only externally accessible active electrical contacts for both the SSE and the ESD device; and a via extending through the reflective material and at least a portion of the SSE, and forming the first shared contact between the SSE and the ESD device. 18. The solid state transducer device of claim 17, further comprising:
a support substrate coupled to the ESD device at the second shared contact, the support substrate configured to provide a path for electrical current flow during an ESD event. 19. The solid state transducer device of claim 17, wherein the via extends through the first semiconductor layer and the active layer of the SSE, and couples the second semiconductor layer of the SSE with an ESD junction of the ESD device at the first shared contact. 20. The solid state transducer device of claim 17, wherein the ESD device includes one or more ESD junctions that each have a first conductive material, a second conductive material, and an intermediate material separating the first and second conductive materials. | Solid state transducer devices having integrated electrostatic discharge protection and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a solid state transducer device includes a solid state emitter, and an electrostatic discharge device carried by the solid state emitter. In some embodiments, the electrostatic discharge device and the solid state emitter share a common first contact and a common second contact. In further embodiments, the solid state lighting device and the electrostatic discharge device share a common epitaxial substrate. In still further embodiments, the electrostatic discharge device is positioned between the solid state lighting device and a support substrate.1. A solid state transducer device, comprising:
a solid state emitter (SSE) including a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer, and an active layer between the first and second semiconductor layers; an electrostatic discharge (ESD) device carried by the SSE, the ESD device and the SSE including a first shared contact and a second shared contact, with the first and second shared contacts being the only externally accessible active electrical contacts for both the SSE and the ESD device; and a via extending through at least the active layer of the SSE, and forming the first shared contact between the SSE and the ESD device. 2. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, wherein the via comprises a conductive material surrounded by an insulating material that electrically isolates the conductive material from the active layer, wherein the first shared contact includes the conductive material. 3. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, wherein the via extends through a layer positioned between the ESD device and the SSE to electrically isolate the ESD device from the SSE. 4. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, wherein the via electrically connects an epitaxial layer of the ESD device to a conductive reflective material coupled to the SSE. 5. The solid state transducer device of claim 4, wherein the via extends through the first and second semiconductor layers of the SSE and the epitaxial layer of the ESD device. 6. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, further comprising:
a buffer layer positioned between the epitaxial layer of the ESD device and the SSE,
wherein the buffer layer includes a large-bandgap semiconductor material, and
wherein the via extends through the buffer layer. 7. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, wherein the via electrically connects the second semiconductor layer of the SSE to an ESD junction of the ESD device. 8. The solid state transducer device of claim 7, wherein the via extends through the first semiconductor layer of the SSE and a reflective layer positioned between the SSE and the ESD device. 9. The solid state transducer device of claim 8, further comprising:
an insulating layer positioned between the ESD device and the reflective layer, wherein the via extends through the insulating layer. 10. The solid state transducer device of claim 7, further comprising:
a support substrate coupled to the ESD device at the second shared contact, the support substrate configured to provide a path for electrical current flow during an ESD event. 11. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, wherein the ESD device is coupled with the SSE in parallel, forming a diode connected between the first and second shared contacts. 12. The solid state transducer device of claim 1, wherein the first shared contact is configured to couple with a power source that is further coupled to a controller configured to direct the power source. 13. A solid state transducer device, comprising:
a solid state emitter (SSE) formed on an epitaxial substrate; an electrostatic discharge (ESD) device carried by the SSE, wherein:
the ESD device includes a portion of the epitaxial substrate; and
the ESD device and the SSE include a first shared contact and a second shared contact, with the first and second shared contacts being the only externally accessible active electrical contacts for both the SSE and the ESD device; and
a via in the portion of the epitaxial substrate, wherein the via forms the first shared contact between the SSE and the ESD device. 14. The solid state transducer device of claim 13, further comprising:
a buffer layer positioned between the portion of the epitaxial substrate and the SSE, wherein the via extends through the buffer layer. 15. The solid state transducer device of claim 13, wherein the via extends through the SSE and connects to a conducting material coupled with a first surface of the SSE, wherein the first surface is opposite to a second surface of the SSE connected to the second shared contact. 16. The solid state transducer device of claim 13, wherein the ESD device comprises a p-n junction formed in the portion of the epitaxial substrate. 17. A solid state transducer device, comprising:
a solid state emitter (SSE) including a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer, and an active layer between the first and second semiconductor layers; a reflective material coupled to the first semiconductor layer; and an electrostatic discharge (ESD) device coupled to the reflective material, wherein the ESD device and the SSE include a first shared contact and a second shared contact, with the first and second shared contacts being the only externally accessible active electrical contacts for both the SSE and the ESD device; and a via extending through the reflective material and at least a portion of the SSE, and forming the first shared contact between the SSE and the ESD device. 18. The solid state transducer device of claim 17, further comprising:
a support substrate coupled to the ESD device at the second shared contact, the support substrate configured to provide a path for electrical current flow during an ESD event. 19. The solid state transducer device of claim 17, wherein the via extends through the first semiconductor layer and the active layer of the SSE, and couples the second semiconductor layer of the SSE with an ESD junction of the ESD device at the first shared contact. 20. The solid state transducer device of claim 17, wherein the ESD device includes one or more ESD junctions that each have a first conductive material, a second conductive material, and an intermediate material separating the first and second conductive materials. | 3,600 |
339,397 | 16,800,312 | 3,681 | A perforation system includes: a perforating tool including a main body and a perforating head disposed within the main body; a wireline electrically coupled to the perforating head; a pulse generator electrically coupled to the wireline; and a power supply electrically coupled to the pulse generator. Upon electrification of the perforating head, a spark discharged from the perforating head arcs to a perforation target location. | 1. A perforation system comprising:
a perforating tool comprising a main body and a perforating head disposed within the main body; a wireline electrically coupled to the perforating head; a pulse generator electrically coupled to the wireline; and a power supply electrically coupled to the pulse generator, where, upon electrification of the perforating head, a spark discharged from the perforating head arcs to a perforation target location. 2. The system of claim 1, where the perforating tool is deployed within a downhole environment. 3. The system of claim 2, where the downhole environment includes a borehole, and
where the pulse generator is disposed at a surface of the borehole. 4. The system of claim 3, where the perforation target location is disposed on or within a casing disposed within the borehole. 5. The system of claim 4, comprising at least one set of anchoring arms longitudinally disposed along an outer surface of the main body. 6. The system of claim 5, where the at least one set of anchoring arms independently expands and retracts radially outward and inward to position and anchor the main body proximate to the casing within which the perforation target is disposed. 7. The system of claim 1, where the electrification occurs at a voltage in a range from about 30 volts to about 600 volts. 8. The system of claim 1, where the electrification occurs at an operating frequency from about 200 kHz to about 15 MHz. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a dielectric fluid disposed between the perforating head and the perforation target location, the dielectric fluid comprising at least one of water, purified water, salt water, mineral oil (such as transformer oil), hydrochloric acid, oil, diesel, crude oil, and hydrofluoric acid. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a voltage multiplier disposed in at least one of the main body and the pulse generator. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a hydraulic piston disposed within the main body, where the hydraulic piston pushes the perforating head radially outward as the perforation target location begins to spall. 12. The system of claim 1, where a duration of each pulse transmitted by the pulse generator to the perforating head is from about 1 millisecond (ms) to about 3000 ms. 13. The system of claim 6, further comprising a dielectric fluid disposed between the perforating head and the perforation target location, the dielectric fluid comprising at least one of water, purified water, salt water, mineral oil (such as transformer oil), hydrochloric acid, oil, diesel, crude oil, and hydrofluoric acid,
where the electrification occurs at a voltage in a range from about 30 volts to about 600 volts, and where the electrification occurs at an operating frequency from about 200 kHz to about 15 MHz. 14. A perforation tool comprising:
a main body comprising a generally cylindrical shape; a perforating head disposed within the main body proximate a bottom end of the main body, the perforating head comprising at least one electrode; a wireline electrically coupled to the perforating head, the wireline coupled to a top end of the main body; and two or more sets of anchoring arms, each set of the two or more sets of anchoring arms longitudinally disposed along an outer surface of the main body, where each of the two or more sets of anchoring arms may selectively expand and retract radially outward and inward to position and anchor the main body proximate a perforation target location. 15. The tool of claim 14, comprising at least one sensor disposed on or within the main body, the at least one sensor comprising at least one of a longitudinal vertical displacement transducer (LVDT), a casing collar locator (CCL), a proximity probe, and a gyroscope. 16. The tool of claim 15, comprising: a longitudinal vertical displacement transducer (LVDT), a casing collar locator (CCL), a proximity probe, and a gyroscope. 17. The tool of claim 14, where each set of the two or more sets of anchoring arms comprises a first arm and a second arm,
where each of the first arm and second arm are coupled together at a first end, and where each of the first arm and second are arm are coupled to the main body at a second end. 18. A method of perforating a well comprising:
disposing a perforating tool downhole, the perforating tool comprising: a main body, a perforating head disposed within the main body, and at least one electrode disposed within the perforating head; locating the perforating tool proximate a perforation target location disposed within the well; and electrifying the at least one electrode such that at least one spark arcs from the perforating head to the perforation target location. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising radially expanding at least one set of anchoring arms after locating the perforating tool such that the at least one set of anchoring arms engages a casing of the well. 20. The method of claim 19, where the at least one set of anchoring arms engages a perforating platform disposed within the well, the perforating platform comprising a planar surface that is oriented perpendicular to a centerline of the well. 21. The method of claim 18, where locating the perforating tool further comprises circumferentially aligning the perforating head with the perforating target location. 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
removing electrification from the perforating head; and assessing the status of the perforation target location. | A perforation system includes: a perforating tool including a main body and a perforating head disposed within the main body; a wireline electrically coupled to the perforating head; a pulse generator electrically coupled to the wireline; and a power supply electrically coupled to the pulse generator. Upon electrification of the perforating head, a spark discharged from the perforating head arcs to a perforation target location.1. A perforation system comprising:
a perforating tool comprising a main body and a perforating head disposed within the main body; a wireline electrically coupled to the perforating head; a pulse generator electrically coupled to the wireline; and a power supply electrically coupled to the pulse generator, where, upon electrification of the perforating head, a spark discharged from the perforating head arcs to a perforation target location. 2. The system of claim 1, where the perforating tool is deployed within a downhole environment. 3. The system of claim 2, where the downhole environment includes a borehole, and
where the pulse generator is disposed at a surface of the borehole. 4. The system of claim 3, where the perforation target location is disposed on or within a casing disposed within the borehole. 5. The system of claim 4, comprising at least one set of anchoring arms longitudinally disposed along an outer surface of the main body. 6. The system of claim 5, where the at least one set of anchoring arms independently expands and retracts radially outward and inward to position and anchor the main body proximate to the casing within which the perforation target is disposed. 7. The system of claim 1, where the electrification occurs at a voltage in a range from about 30 volts to about 600 volts. 8. The system of claim 1, where the electrification occurs at an operating frequency from about 200 kHz to about 15 MHz. 9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a dielectric fluid disposed between the perforating head and the perforation target location, the dielectric fluid comprising at least one of water, purified water, salt water, mineral oil (such as transformer oil), hydrochloric acid, oil, diesel, crude oil, and hydrofluoric acid. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a voltage multiplier disposed in at least one of the main body and the pulse generator. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a hydraulic piston disposed within the main body, where the hydraulic piston pushes the perforating head radially outward as the perforation target location begins to spall. 12. The system of claim 1, where a duration of each pulse transmitted by the pulse generator to the perforating head is from about 1 millisecond (ms) to about 3000 ms. 13. The system of claim 6, further comprising a dielectric fluid disposed between the perforating head and the perforation target location, the dielectric fluid comprising at least one of water, purified water, salt water, mineral oil (such as transformer oil), hydrochloric acid, oil, diesel, crude oil, and hydrofluoric acid,
where the electrification occurs at a voltage in a range from about 30 volts to about 600 volts, and where the electrification occurs at an operating frequency from about 200 kHz to about 15 MHz. 14. A perforation tool comprising:
a main body comprising a generally cylindrical shape; a perforating head disposed within the main body proximate a bottom end of the main body, the perforating head comprising at least one electrode; a wireline electrically coupled to the perforating head, the wireline coupled to a top end of the main body; and two or more sets of anchoring arms, each set of the two or more sets of anchoring arms longitudinally disposed along an outer surface of the main body, where each of the two or more sets of anchoring arms may selectively expand and retract radially outward and inward to position and anchor the main body proximate a perforation target location. 15. The tool of claim 14, comprising at least one sensor disposed on or within the main body, the at least one sensor comprising at least one of a longitudinal vertical displacement transducer (LVDT), a casing collar locator (CCL), a proximity probe, and a gyroscope. 16. The tool of claim 15, comprising: a longitudinal vertical displacement transducer (LVDT), a casing collar locator (CCL), a proximity probe, and a gyroscope. 17. The tool of claim 14, where each set of the two or more sets of anchoring arms comprises a first arm and a second arm,
where each of the first arm and second arm are coupled together at a first end, and where each of the first arm and second are arm are coupled to the main body at a second end. 18. A method of perforating a well comprising:
disposing a perforating tool downhole, the perforating tool comprising: a main body, a perforating head disposed within the main body, and at least one electrode disposed within the perforating head; locating the perforating tool proximate a perforation target location disposed within the well; and electrifying the at least one electrode such that at least one spark arcs from the perforating head to the perforation target location. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising radially expanding at least one set of anchoring arms after locating the perforating tool such that the at least one set of anchoring arms engages a casing of the well. 20. The method of claim 19, where the at least one set of anchoring arms engages a perforating platform disposed within the well, the perforating platform comprising a planar surface that is oriented perpendicular to a centerline of the well. 21. The method of claim 18, where locating the perforating tool further comprises circumferentially aligning the perforating head with the perforating target location. 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
removing electrification from the perforating head; and assessing the status of the perforation target location. | 3,600 |
339,398 | 16,800,288 | 2,111 | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor integrated circuit includes: a first core that includes a first logic circuit that has a plurality of first scan chains, and a first generator that generates a first test pattern; a second core that includes a second logic circuit that has a plurality of second scan chains, and a second generator that generates a second test pattern; a controller that controls a test operation of the first and second cores. The controller is configured to: obtain a seed for a test pattern from the first generator; supply the obtained seed to the second generator; perform a test on the first and second cores for a same number of cycles; obtain first and second test results respectively from the first and second cores; and compare the first and second test results. | 1. A semiconductor integrated circuit comprising:
a first core that includes a first logic circuit that has a plurality of first scan chains, and a first generator that generates a first test pattern for the plurality of first scan chains; a second core that includes a second logic circuit that has a plurality of second scan chains, and a second generator that generates a second test pattern for the plurality of second scan chains; a controller that controls a test operation of the first and second cores, wherein the controller is configured to: obtain a seed for a test pattern from the first generator; supply the obtained seed to the second generator; perform a test on the first and second cores for a same number of cycles; obtain first and second test results respectively from the first and second cores; and compare the first and second test results. 2. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first core includes a first control circuit that inputs the first test pattern to the plurality of first scan chains and performs a test for each cycle, and the second core includes a second control circuit that inputs the second test pattern to the plurality of second scan chains and performs a test for each cycle. 3. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first core includes a first compressor that compresses data output from the plurality of first scan chains and outputs the first test result, and the second core includes a second compressor that compresses data output from the plurality of second scan chains and outputs the second test result. 4. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the controller includes a comparator that compares the first and second test results for each cycle. 5. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 4, wherein
the comparator includes a register that stores a comparison result. 6. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first generator includes a first random number generating circuit that generates a random number, and a first test pattern generating circuit that generates the first test pattern by using the random number generated by the first random number generating circuit, and the second generator includes a second random number generating circuit that generates a random number, and a second test pattern generating circuit that generates the second test pattern using the random number generated by the second random number generating circuit. 7. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 6, wherein
each of the first and second random number generating circuits includes a plurality of cascaded flip-flops. 8. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 3, wherein
each of the first and second compressors includes a plurality of exclusive-or gates and a plurality of flip-flops, the exclusive-or gates and the flip-flops being alternately cascaded, and data output from the scan chain is input to input terminals of the plurality of exclusive-or gates. 9. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first core is a reference core, and the second core is a test-target core. 10. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 9, wherein
the test-target core determined to be defective as a result of testing is relieved through a use of the reference core. 11. A semiconductor integrated circuit comprising:
a first core that includes a first logic circuit that has a plurality of first scan chains, and a first generator that generates a first test pattern for the plurality of first scan chains; a second core that includes a second logic circuit that has a plurality of second scan chains, and a second generator that generates a second test pattern for the plurality of second scan chains; a storage circuit that stores a seed for a test pattern at a time when a previous test is finished; and a controller that controls a test operation of the first and second core tests, wherein the controller is configured to: read the seed from the storage circuit; supply the read seed to the first and second generators; perform a test on the first and second cores for a same number of cycles; obtain first and second test results respectively from the first and second cores; and compare the first and second test results. 12. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 11, wherein
the first core includes a first control circuit that inputs the first test pattern to the plurality of first scan chains and performs a test, and the second core includes a second control circuit that inputs the second test pattern to the plurality of second scan chains and performs a test. 13. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 11, wherein
the first core includes a first compressor that compresses data output from the plurality of first scan chains and outputs the first test result, and the second core includes a second compressor that compresses data output from the plurality of second scan chains and outputs the second test result. 14. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 11, wherein
the controller includes a comparator that compares the first and second test results for each cycle. 15. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 14, wherein
the comparator includes a register that stores a comparison result. 16. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 11, wherein
the first generator includes a first random number generating circuit that generates a random number, and a first test pattern generating circuit that generates the first test pattern by using the random number generated by the first random number generating circuit, and the second generator includes a second random number generating circuit that generates a random number, and a second test pattern generating circuit that generates the second test pattern by using the random number generated by the second random number generating circuit. 17. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 16, wherein
each of the first and second random number generating circuits includes a plurality of cascaded flip-flops. 18. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 13, wherein
each of the first and second compressors includes a plurality of exclusive-or gates and a plurality of flip-flops, the exclusive-or gates and the flip-flops being alternately cascaded, the data output from the scan chain is input to input terminals of the plurality of exclusive-or gates. 19. A method of testing a semiconductor integrated circuit, wherein
the semiconductor integrated circuit comprises:
a first core that includes a first logic circuit that has a plurality of first scan chains, and a first generator that generates a first test pattern for the plurality of first scan chains;
a second core that includes a second logic circuit that has a plurality of second scan chains, and a second generator that generates a second test pattern for the plurality of second scan chains;
the test method comprises:
obtaining a seed for a test pattern from the first generator;
supplying the obtained seed to the second generator;
performing a test on the first and second cores for a same number of cycles;
obtaining first and second test results respectively from the first and second cores; and
comparing the first and second test results. | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor integrated circuit includes: a first core that includes a first logic circuit that has a plurality of first scan chains, and a first generator that generates a first test pattern; a second core that includes a second logic circuit that has a plurality of second scan chains, and a second generator that generates a second test pattern; a controller that controls a test operation of the first and second cores. The controller is configured to: obtain a seed for a test pattern from the first generator; supply the obtained seed to the second generator; perform a test on the first and second cores for a same number of cycles; obtain first and second test results respectively from the first and second cores; and compare the first and second test results.1. A semiconductor integrated circuit comprising:
a first core that includes a first logic circuit that has a plurality of first scan chains, and a first generator that generates a first test pattern for the plurality of first scan chains; a second core that includes a second logic circuit that has a plurality of second scan chains, and a second generator that generates a second test pattern for the plurality of second scan chains; a controller that controls a test operation of the first and second cores, wherein the controller is configured to: obtain a seed for a test pattern from the first generator; supply the obtained seed to the second generator; perform a test on the first and second cores for a same number of cycles; obtain first and second test results respectively from the first and second cores; and compare the first and second test results. 2. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first core includes a first control circuit that inputs the first test pattern to the plurality of first scan chains and performs a test for each cycle, and the second core includes a second control circuit that inputs the second test pattern to the plurality of second scan chains and performs a test for each cycle. 3. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first core includes a first compressor that compresses data output from the plurality of first scan chains and outputs the first test result, and the second core includes a second compressor that compresses data output from the plurality of second scan chains and outputs the second test result. 4. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the controller includes a comparator that compares the first and second test results for each cycle. 5. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 4, wherein
the comparator includes a register that stores a comparison result. 6. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first generator includes a first random number generating circuit that generates a random number, and a first test pattern generating circuit that generates the first test pattern by using the random number generated by the first random number generating circuit, and the second generator includes a second random number generating circuit that generates a random number, and a second test pattern generating circuit that generates the second test pattern using the random number generated by the second random number generating circuit. 7. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 6, wherein
each of the first and second random number generating circuits includes a plurality of cascaded flip-flops. 8. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 3, wherein
each of the first and second compressors includes a plurality of exclusive-or gates and a plurality of flip-flops, the exclusive-or gates and the flip-flops being alternately cascaded, and data output from the scan chain is input to input terminals of the plurality of exclusive-or gates. 9. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the first core is a reference core, and the second core is a test-target core. 10. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 9, wherein
the test-target core determined to be defective as a result of testing is relieved through a use of the reference core. 11. A semiconductor integrated circuit comprising:
a first core that includes a first logic circuit that has a plurality of first scan chains, and a first generator that generates a first test pattern for the plurality of first scan chains; a second core that includes a second logic circuit that has a plurality of second scan chains, and a second generator that generates a second test pattern for the plurality of second scan chains; a storage circuit that stores a seed for a test pattern at a time when a previous test is finished; and a controller that controls a test operation of the first and second core tests, wherein the controller is configured to: read the seed from the storage circuit; supply the read seed to the first and second generators; perform a test on the first and second cores for a same number of cycles; obtain first and second test results respectively from the first and second cores; and compare the first and second test results. 12. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 11, wherein
the first core includes a first control circuit that inputs the first test pattern to the plurality of first scan chains and performs a test, and the second core includes a second control circuit that inputs the second test pattern to the plurality of second scan chains and performs a test. 13. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 11, wherein
the first core includes a first compressor that compresses data output from the plurality of first scan chains and outputs the first test result, and the second core includes a second compressor that compresses data output from the plurality of second scan chains and outputs the second test result. 14. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 11, wherein
the controller includes a comparator that compares the first and second test results for each cycle. 15. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 14, wherein
the comparator includes a register that stores a comparison result. 16. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 11, wherein
the first generator includes a first random number generating circuit that generates a random number, and a first test pattern generating circuit that generates the first test pattern by using the random number generated by the first random number generating circuit, and the second generator includes a second random number generating circuit that generates a random number, and a second test pattern generating circuit that generates the second test pattern by using the random number generated by the second random number generating circuit. 17. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 16, wherein
each of the first and second random number generating circuits includes a plurality of cascaded flip-flops. 18. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 13, wherein
each of the first and second compressors includes a plurality of exclusive-or gates and a plurality of flip-flops, the exclusive-or gates and the flip-flops being alternately cascaded, the data output from the scan chain is input to input terminals of the plurality of exclusive-or gates. 19. A method of testing a semiconductor integrated circuit, wherein
the semiconductor integrated circuit comprises:
a first core that includes a first logic circuit that has a plurality of first scan chains, and a first generator that generates a first test pattern for the plurality of first scan chains;
a second core that includes a second logic circuit that has a plurality of second scan chains, and a second generator that generates a second test pattern for the plurality of second scan chains;
the test method comprises:
obtaining a seed for a test pattern from the first generator;
supplying the obtained seed to the second generator;
performing a test on the first and second cores for a same number of cycles;
obtaining first and second test results respectively from the first and second cores; and
comparing the first and second test results. | 2,100 |
339,399 | 16,800,265 | 2,814 | A more convenient and highly reliable semiconductor device which has a transistor including an oxide semiconductor with higher impact resistance used for a variety of applications is provided. A semiconductor device has a bottom-gate transistor including a gate electrode layer, a gate insulating layer, and an oxide semiconductor layer over a substrate, an insulating layer over the transistor, and a conductive layer over the insulating layer. The insulating layer covers the oxide semiconductor layer and is in contact with the gate insulating layer. In a channel width direction of the oxide semiconductor layer, end portions of the gate insulating layer and the insulating layer are aligned with each other over the gate electrode layer, and the conductive layer covers a channel formation region of the oxide semiconductor layer and the end portions of the gate insulating layer and the insulating layer and is in contact with the gate electrode layer. | 1. (canceled) 2. A semiconductor device comprising a first transistor comprising a first oxide semiconductor layer, and a second transistor comprising a second oxide semiconductor layer, which are over a substrate, the semiconductor device comprising:
a first gate electrode layer under the first oxide semiconductor layer with a first gate insulating layer therebetween; a second gate electrode layer under the second oxide semiconductor layer with a second gate insulating layer therebetween; a conductive layer comprising a region overlapping with the first gate electrode layer with the first oxide semiconductor layer therebetween and a region overlapping with the second gate electrode layer with the second oxide semiconductor layer therebetween; a first insulating layer between the first oxide semiconductor layer and the conductive layer in a cross-sectional view; and a second insulating layer between the second oxide semiconductor layer and the conductive layer in the cross-sectional view, wherein the first insulating layer comprises a region covering the first oxide semiconductor layer, and is in contact with the first gate insulating layer, wherein the second insulating layer comprises a region covering the second oxide semiconductor layer, and is in contact with the second gate insulating layer, wherein, in a channel width direction of the first transistor, an end portion of the first gate insulating layer and an end portion of the first insulating layer are aligned with each other, wherein, in a channel width direction of the second transistor, an end portion of the second gate insulating layer and an end portion of the second insulating layer are aligned with each other, wherein, in the channel width direction of the first transistor, each of the first gate electrode layer and the conductive layer extends beyond both edges of the first oxide semiconductor layer, and wherein, in the channel width direction of the second transistor, each of the second gate electrode layer and the conductive layer extends beyond both edges of the second oxide semiconductor layer. 3. A semiconductor device comprising a first transistor comprising a first oxide semiconductor layer, and a second transistor comprising a second oxide semiconductor layer, which are over a substrate, the semiconductor device comprising:
a first gate electrode layer under the first oxide semiconductor layer with a first gate insulating layer therebetween; a second gate electrode layer under the second oxide semiconductor layer with a second gate insulating layer therebetween; and a conductive layer comprising a region overlapping with the first gate electrode layer with the first oxide semiconductor layer therebetween and a region overlapping with the second gate electrode layer with the second oxide semiconductor layer therebetween, wherein, in a channel width direction of the first transistor, each of the first gate electrode layer and the conductive layer extends beyond both edges of the first oxide semiconductor layer, and wherein, in a channel width direction of the second transistor, each of the second gate electrode layer and the conductive layer extends beyond both edges of the second oxide semiconductor layer. 4. A semiconductor device comprising a first transistor comprising a first oxide semiconductor layer, and a second transistor comprising a second oxide semiconductor layer, which are over a substrate, the semiconductor device comprising:
a first gate electrode layer under the first oxide semiconductor layer with a first gate insulating layer therebetween; a second gate electrode layer under the second oxide semiconductor layer with a second gate insulating layer therebetween; and a conductive layer comprising a region overlapping with the first gate electrode layer with the first oxide semiconductor layer therebetween and a region overlapping with the second gate electrode layer with the second oxide semiconductor layer therebetween, wherein, in a channel width direction of the first transistor, each of the first gate electrode layer and the conductive layer extends beyond both edges of the first oxide semiconductor layer, wherein, in a channel width direction of the second transistor, each of the second gate electrode layer and the conductive layer extends beyond both edges of the second oxide semiconductor layer, and wherein, in a plan view, the first transistor is located adjacent to the second transistor in a direction in which the conductive layer extends. | A more convenient and highly reliable semiconductor device which has a transistor including an oxide semiconductor with higher impact resistance used for a variety of applications is provided. A semiconductor device has a bottom-gate transistor including a gate electrode layer, a gate insulating layer, and an oxide semiconductor layer over a substrate, an insulating layer over the transistor, and a conductive layer over the insulating layer. The insulating layer covers the oxide semiconductor layer and is in contact with the gate insulating layer. In a channel width direction of the oxide semiconductor layer, end portions of the gate insulating layer and the insulating layer are aligned with each other over the gate electrode layer, and the conductive layer covers a channel formation region of the oxide semiconductor layer and the end portions of the gate insulating layer and the insulating layer and is in contact with the gate electrode layer.1. (canceled) 2. A semiconductor device comprising a first transistor comprising a first oxide semiconductor layer, and a second transistor comprising a second oxide semiconductor layer, which are over a substrate, the semiconductor device comprising:
a first gate electrode layer under the first oxide semiconductor layer with a first gate insulating layer therebetween; a second gate electrode layer under the second oxide semiconductor layer with a second gate insulating layer therebetween; a conductive layer comprising a region overlapping with the first gate electrode layer with the first oxide semiconductor layer therebetween and a region overlapping with the second gate electrode layer with the second oxide semiconductor layer therebetween; a first insulating layer between the first oxide semiconductor layer and the conductive layer in a cross-sectional view; and a second insulating layer between the second oxide semiconductor layer and the conductive layer in the cross-sectional view, wherein the first insulating layer comprises a region covering the first oxide semiconductor layer, and is in contact with the first gate insulating layer, wherein the second insulating layer comprises a region covering the second oxide semiconductor layer, and is in contact with the second gate insulating layer, wherein, in a channel width direction of the first transistor, an end portion of the first gate insulating layer and an end portion of the first insulating layer are aligned with each other, wherein, in a channel width direction of the second transistor, an end portion of the second gate insulating layer and an end portion of the second insulating layer are aligned with each other, wherein, in the channel width direction of the first transistor, each of the first gate electrode layer and the conductive layer extends beyond both edges of the first oxide semiconductor layer, and wherein, in the channel width direction of the second transistor, each of the second gate electrode layer and the conductive layer extends beyond both edges of the second oxide semiconductor layer. 3. A semiconductor device comprising a first transistor comprising a first oxide semiconductor layer, and a second transistor comprising a second oxide semiconductor layer, which are over a substrate, the semiconductor device comprising:
a first gate electrode layer under the first oxide semiconductor layer with a first gate insulating layer therebetween; a second gate electrode layer under the second oxide semiconductor layer with a second gate insulating layer therebetween; and a conductive layer comprising a region overlapping with the first gate electrode layer with the first oxide semiconductor layer therebetween and a region overlapping with the second gate electrode layer with the second oxide semiconductor layer therebetween, wherein, in a channel width direction of the first transistor, each of the first gate electrode layer and the conductive layer extends beyond both edges of the first oxide semiconductor layer, and wherein, in a channel width direction of the second transistor, each of the second gate electrode layer and the conductive layer extends beyond both edges of the second oxide semiconductor layer. 4. A semiconductor device comprising a first transistor comprising a first oxide semiconductor layer, and a second transistor comprising a second oxide semiconductor layer, which are over a substrate, the semiconductor device comprising:
a first gate electrode layer under the first oxide semiconductor layer with a first gate insulating layer therebetween; a second gate electrode layer under the second oxide semiconductor layer with a second gate insulating layer therebetween; and a conductive layer comprising a region overlapping with the first gate electrode layer with the first oxide semiconductor layer therebetween and a region overlapping with the second gate electrode layer with the second oxide semiconductor layer therebetween, wherein, in a channel width direction of the first transistor, each of the first gate electrode layer and the conductive layer extends beyond both edges of the first oxide semiconductor layer, wherein, in a channel width direction of the second transistor, each of the second gate electrode layer and the conductive layer extends beyond both edges of the second oxide semiconductor layer, and wherein, in a plan view, the first transistor is located adjacent to the second transistor in a direction in which the conductive layer extends. | 2,800 |
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