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[
"President of India",
"officeholder",
"Droupadi Murmu"
] | The president of India (IAST: Bhārat kē Rāṣṭrapati) is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu is the 15th and current president, having taken office from 25 July 2022.
The office of president was created when India officially became a republic on 26 January 1950 after gaining independence on 15 August 1947, when its constitution came into force. The president is indirectly elected by an electoral college comprising both houses of the Parliament of India and the legislative assemblies of each of India's states and territories, who themselves are all directly elected by the citizens.
Article 53 of the Constitution of India states that the president can exercise their powers directly or by subordinate authority (with few exceptions), though all of the executive powers vested in the president are, in practice, exercised by the prime minister (a subordinate authority) with the advice of the Cabinet ministers. The president is bound by the constitution to act on the advice of the prime minister and cabinet as long as the advice does not violate the constitution. | null | null | null | null | 9 |
[
"President of India",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Presidents of India"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics",
"follows",
"badminton at the 2008 Summer Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics",
"followed by",
"badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 17 |
|
[
"News media",
"different from",
"mass media"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"News media",
"different from",
"new media"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"News media",
"topic's main category",
"Category:News media"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Bond girl",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Bond girls"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Imperial Estate",
"topic's main category",
"Category:States of the Holy Roman Empire"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Imperial Estate",
"different from",
"state in the Holy Roman Empire"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Transgender person",
"different from",
"transgender"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Transgender person",
"said to be the same as",
"transidentity"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Transgender person",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Transgender people"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Contralto",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Contraltos"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Contralto",
"different from",
"alto"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Sources of law",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Sources of law"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Infante of Spain",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Spanish infantes"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Mercury (planet)",
"has use",
"colonization of Mercury"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Mercury (planet)",
"different from",
"Merkury"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Mercury (planet)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Mercury (planet)"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"Soft matter physics",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Soft matter physics"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Aerospace engineering",
"different from",
"astronautics"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Aerospace engineering",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Aerospace engineering"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Siege engine",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Siege engines"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Šiauliai District Municipality",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Šiauliai District Municipality"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Giants (Greek mythology)",
"different from",
"Gigant, Rostov Oblast"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Giants (Greek mythology)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Gigantes"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Illyria",
"different from",
"Kingdom of Illyria"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Illyria",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Illyria"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"Book of Genesis",
"depicts",
"family"
] | The Book of Genesis (from Greek Γένεσις, Génesis; Hebrew: בְּרֵאשִׁית Bəreʾšīt, "In [the] beginning") is the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. Its Hebrew name is the same as its first word, Bereshit ("In the beginning"). Genesis is an account of the creation of the world, the early history of humanity, and of Israel's ancestors and the origins of the Jewish people.Tradition credits Moses as the author of Genesis, as well as the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and most of Deuteronomy; however, modern scholars, especially from the 19th century onward, place the books' authorship in the 6th and 5th centuries BC, hundreds of years after Moses is supposed to have lived. Based on scientific interpretation of archaeological, genetic, and linguistic evidence, some Bible scholars consider Genesis to be primarily mythological and others consider it historical.
It is divisible into two parts, the primeval history (chapters 1–11) and the ancestral history (chapters 12–50). The primeval history sets out the author's concepts of the nature of the deity and of humankind's relationship with its maker: God creates a world which is good and fit for humans, but when man corrupts it with sin God decides to destroy his creation, sparing only the righteous Noah and his family to re-establish the relationship between man and God. The ancestral history (chapters 12–50) tells of the prehistory of Israel, God's chosen people. At God's command, Noah's descendant Abraham journeys from his birthplace (described as Ur of the Chaldeans and whose identification with Sumerian Ur is tentative in modern scholarship) into the God-given land of Canaan, where he dwells as a sojourner, as does his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob. Jacob's name is changed to "Israel", and through the agency of his son Joseph, the children of Israel descend into Egypt, 70 people in all with their households, and God promises them a future of greatness. Genesis ends with Israel in Egypt, ready for the coming of Moses and the Exodus (departure). The narrative is punctuated by a series of covenants with God, successively narrowing in scope from all humankind (the covenant with Noah) to a special relationship with one people alone (Abraham and his descendants through Isaac and Jacob).In Judaism, the theological importance of Genesis centres on the covenants linking God to his chosen people and the people to the Promised Land.Summary
Primeval history (chapters 1–11)
The Genesis creation narrative comprises two different stories; the first two chapters roughly correspond to these. In the first, Elohim, the generic Hebrew word for God, creates the heavens and the earth including humankind, in six days, and rests on the seventh. In the second, God, now referred to as "Yahweh Elohim" (the LORD God), creates two individuals, Adam and Eve, as the first man and woman, and places them in the Garden of Eden.
In the third chapter, God instructs them not to eat the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. They promise not to, but a talking serpent, portrayed as a deceptive creature or trickster, convinces Eve to eat the fruit against God's wishes, and she convinces Adam, whereupon God throws them out and curses both of them—Adam was cursed with getting what he needs only by sweat and work, and Eve to giving birth in pain. This is interpreted by Christians as the "fall of man" into sin. Eve bears two sons, Cain and Abel. Cain works in the garden, and Abel works with meat; they both offer offerings to God one day, and God does not accept Cain's offering but does accept Abel's. This causes Cain to resent Abel, and Cain ends up murdering him. God then curses Cain. Eve bears another son, Seth, to take Abel's place.After many generations of Adam have passed from the lines of Cain and Seth, the world becomes corrupted by human sin and Nephilim, and God wants to wipe out humanity for their wickedness. However, Noah is the only good human; so first, he instructs the righteous Noah and his family to build an ark and put examples of all the animals on it, seven pairs of every clean animal and one pair of every unclean. Then God sends a great flood to wipe out the rest of the world. When the waters recede, God promises he will never destroy the world with water again, making a rainbow as a symbol of his promise. God sees humankind cooperating to build a great tower city, the Tower of Babel, and divides humanity with many languages and sets them apart with confusion. Then, a generation line from Shem to Abram is described. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Book of Genesis",
"followed by",
"Exodus"
] | The Book of Genesis (from Greek Γένεσις, Génesis; Hebrew: בְּרֵאשִׁית Bəreʾšīt, "In [the] beginning") is the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. Its Hebrew name is the same as its first word, Bereshit ("In the beginning"). Genesis is an account of the creation of the world, the early history of humanity, and of Israel's ancestors and the origins of the Jewish people.Tradition credits Moses as the author of Genesis, as well as the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and most of Deuteronomy; however, modern scholars, especially from the 19th century onward, place the books' authorship in the 6th and 5th centuries BC, hundreds of years after Moses is supposed to have lived. Based on scientific interpretation of archaeological, genetic, and linguistic evidence, some Bible scholars consider Genesis to be primarily mythological and others consider it historical.
It is divisible into two parts, the primeval history (chapters 1–11) and the ancestral history (chapters 12–50). The primeval history sets out the author's concepts of the nature of the deity and of humankind's relationship with its maker: God creates a world which is good and fit for humans, but when man corrupts it with sin God decides to destroy his creation, sparing only the righteous Noah and his family to re-establish the relationship between man and God. The ancestral history (chapters 12–50) tells of the prehistory of Israel, God's chosen people. At God's command, Noah's descendant Abraham journeys from his birthplace (described as Ur of the Chaldeans and whose identification with Sumerian Ur is tentative in modern scholarship) into the God-given land of Canaan, where he dwells as a sojourner, as does his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob. Jacob's name is changed to "Israel", and through the agency of his son Joseph, the children of Israel descend into Egypt, 70 people in all with their households, and God promises them a future of greatness. Genesis ends with Israel in Egypt, ready for the coming of Moses and the Exodus (departure). The narrative is punctuated by a series of covenants with God, successively narrowing in scope from all humankind (the covenant with Noah) to a special relationship with one people alone (Abraham and his descendants through Isaac and Jacob).In Judaism, the theological importance of Genesis centres on the covenants linking God to his chosen people and the people to the Promised Land. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Book of Genesis",
"main subject",
"cosmogony"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Book of Genesis",
"depicts",
"Cain and Abel"
] | The Book of Genesis (from Greek Γένεσις, Génesis; Hebrew: בְּרֵאשִׁית Bəreʾšīt, "In [the] beginning") is the first book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. Its Hebrew name is the same as its first word, Bereshit ("In the beginning"). Genesis is an account of the creation of the world, the early history of humanity, and of Israel's ancestors and the origins of the Jewish people.Tradition credits Moses as the author of Genesis, as well as the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and most of Deuteronomy; however, modern scholars, especially from the 19th century onward, place the books' authorship in the 6th and 5th centuries BC, hundreds of years after Moses is supposed to have lived. Based on scientific interpretation of archaeological, genetic, and linguistic evidence, some Bible scholars consider Genesis to be primarily mythological and others consider it historical.
It is divisible into two parts, the primeval history (chapters 1–11) and the ancestral history (chapters 12–50). The primeval history sets out the author's concepts of the nature of the deity and of humankind's relationship with its maker: God creates a world which is good and fit for humans, but when man corrupts it with sin God decides to destroy his creation, sparing only the righteous Noah and his family to re-establish the relationship between man and God. The ancestral history (chapters 12–50) tells of the prehistory of Israel, God's chosen people. At God's command, Noah's descendant Abraham journeys from his birthplace (described as Ur of the Chaldeans and whose identification with Sumerian Ur is tentative in modern scholarship) into the God-given land of Canaan, where he dwells as a sojourner, as does his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob. Jacob's name is changed to "Israel", and through the agency of his son Joseph, the children of Israel descend into Egypt, 70 people in all with their households, and God promises them a future of greatness. Genesis ends with Israel in Egypt, ready for the coming of Moses and the Exodus (departure). The narrative is punctuated by a series of covenants with God, successively narrowing in scope from all humankind (the covenant with Noah) to a special relationship with one people alone (Abraham and his descendants through Isaac and Jacob).In Judaism, the theological importance of Genesis centres on the covenants linking God to his chosen people and the people to the Promised Land. | null | null | null | null | 17 |
[
"Book of Genesis",
"main subject",
"Jewish history"
] | null | null | null | null | 32 |
|
[
"Book of Genesis",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Book of Genesis"
] | null | null | null | null | 131 |
|
[
"Counseling",
"said to be the same as",
"consultancy"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Counseling",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Counseling"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Counseling",
"different from",
"relationship therapy"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Foreign policy doctrine",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Foreign policy doctrines"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Sanskrit literature",
"different from",
"Sanskrit literature"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Sanskrit literature",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Sanskrit literature"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Māori people",
"different from",
"Moriori people"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Māori people",
"different from",
"Maouri people"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Māori people",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Māori"
] | null | null | null | null | 25 |
|
[
"Māori people",
"topic's main category",
"Category:New Zealand Māori people"
] | null | null | null | null | 26 |
|
[
"Textile arts",
"different from",
"fiber art"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Textile arts",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Textile arts"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Textile arts",
"different from",
"textile artwork"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Maritime transport",
"different from",
"sea shipping"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Maritime transport",
"different from",
"water transportation"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Maritime transport",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Water transport"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Maritime transport",
"said to be the same as",
"water transport"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Harry Potter",
"main subject",
"death"
] | Themes
Harry Potter's overarching theme is death. In the first book, when Harry looks into the Mirror of Erised, he feels both joy and "a terrible sadness" at seeing his desire: his parents, alive and with him. Confronting their loss is central to Harry's character arc and manifests in different ways through the series, such as in his struggles with Dementors. Other characters in Harry's life die; he even faces his own death in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. The series has an existential perspective – Harry must grow mature enough to accept death. In Harry's world, death is not binary but mutable, a state that exists in degrees. Unlike Voldemort, who evades death by separating and hiding his soul in seven parts, Harry's soul is whole, nourished by friendship and love.Love distinguishes Harry and Voldemort. Harry is a hero because he loves others, even willing to accept death to save them; Voldemort is a villain because he does not. Harry carries the protection of his mother's sacrifice in his blood; Voldemort, who wants Harry's blood and the protection it carries, does not understand that love vanquishes death.Rowling has spoken about thematising death and loss in the series. Soon after she started writing Philosopher's Stone, her mother died; she said that "I really think from that moment on, death became a central, if not the central theme of the seven books". Rowling has described Harry as "the prism through which I view death", and further stated that "all of my characters are defined by their attitude to death and the possibility of death".While Harry Potter can be viewed as a story about good vs. evil, its moral divisions are not absolute. First impressions of characters are often misleading. Harry assumes in the first book that Quirrell is on the side of good because he opposes Snape, who appears to be malicious; in reality, Quirrell is an agent of Voldemort, while Snape is loyal to Dumbledore. This pattern later recurs with Moody and Snape. In Rowling's world, good and evil are choices rather than inherent attributes: second chances and the possibility of redemption are key themes of the series. This is reflected in Harry's self-doubts after learning his connections to Voldemort, such as Parseltongue; and prominently in Snape's characterisation, which has been described as complex and multifaceted. In some scholars' view, while Rowling's narrative appears on the surface to be about Harry, her focus may actually be on Snape's morality and character arc.Rowling said that, to her, the moral significance of the tales seems "blindingly obvious". In the fourth book, Dumbledore speaks of a "choice between what is right and what is easy"; Rowling views this as a key theme, "because that ... is how tyranny is started, with people being apathetic and taking the easy route and suddenly finding themselves in deep trouble".Academics and journalists have developed many other interpretations of themes in the books, some more complex than others, and some including political subtexts. Themes such as normality, oppression, survival, and overcoming imposing odds have all been considered as prevalent throughout the series. Similarly, the theme of making one's way through adolescence and "going over one's most harrowing ordeals – and thus coming to terms with them" has also been considered. Rowling has stated that the books comprise "a prolonged argument for tolerance, a prolonged plea for an end to bigotry" and that they also pass on a message to "question authority and... not assume that the establishment or the press tells you all of the truth". | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Harry Potter",
"depicts",
"boarding school"
] | Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The main story arc concerns Harry's conflict with Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic and subjugate all wizards and Muggles (non-magical people).
The series was originally published in English by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom and Scholastic Press in the United States. A series of many genres, including fantasy, drama, coming-of-age fiction, and the British school story (which includes elements of mystery, thriller, adventure, horror, and romance), the world of Harry Potter explores numerous themes and includes many cultural meanings and references. According to Rowling, the main theme is death. Other major themes in the series include prejudice, corruption, and madness.Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 26 June 1997, the books have found immense popularity, positive reviews, and commercial success worldwide. They have attracted a wide adult audience as well as younger readers and are widely considered cornerstones of modern literature. As of February 2023, the books have sold more than 600 million copies worldwide, making them the best-selling book series in history, and have been available in 85 languages. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history, with the final instalment selling roughly 2.7 million copies in the United Kingdom and 8.3 million copies in the United States within twenty-four hours of its release.
The original seven books were adapted into an eight-part namesake film series by Warner Bros. Pictures. In 2016, the total value of the Harry Potter franchise was estimated at $25 billion, making Harry Potter one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. Harry Potter and the Cursed Child is a play based on a story co-written by Rowling.
The success of the books and films has allowed the Harry Potter franchise to expand with numerous derivative works, a travelling exhibition that premiered in Chicago in 2009, a studio tour in London that opened in 2012, a digital platform on which J. K. Rowling updates the series with new information and insight, and a pentalogy of spin-off films premiering in November 2016 with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, among many other developments. Themed attractions, collectively known as The Wizarding World of Harry Potter, have been built at several Universal Destinations & Experiences amusement parks around the world.Style and allusions
Genre and style
The novels fall into the genre of fantasy literature, and qualify as a type of fantasy called "urban fantasy", "contemporary fantasy", or "low fantasy". They are mainly dramas, and maintain a fairly serious and dark tone throughout, though they do contain some notable instances of tragicomedy and black humour. In many respects, they are also examples of the bildungsroman, or coming of age novel, and contain elements of mystery, adventure, horror, thriller, and romance. The books are also, in the words of Stephen King, "shrewd mystery tales", and each book is constructed in the manner of a Sherlock Holmes-style mystery adventure. The stories are told from a third person limited point of view with very few exceptions (such as the opening chapters of Philosopher's Stone, Goblet of Fire and Deathly Hallows and the first two chapters of Half-Blood Prince).
The series can be considered part of the British children's boarding school genre, which includes Rudyard Kipling's Stalky & Co., Enid Blyton's Malory Towers, St. Clare's and the Naughtiest Girl series, and Frank Richards's Billy Bunter novels: the Harry Potter books are predominantly set in Hogwarts, a fictional British boarding school for wizards, where the curriculum includes the use of magic. In this sense they are "in a direct line of descent from Thomas Hughes's Tom Brown's School Days and other Victorian and Edwardian novels of British public school life", though they are, as many note, more contemporary, grittier, darker, and more mature than the typical boarding school novel, addressing serious themes of death, love, loss, prejudice, coming-of-age, and the loss of innocence in a 1990s British setting.In Harry Potter, Rowling juxtaposes the extraordinary against the ordinary. Her narrative features two worlds: a contemporary world inhabited by non-magical people called Muggles, and another featuring wizards. It differs from typical portal fantasy in that its magical elements stay grounded in the mundane. Paintings move and talk; books bite readers; letters shout messages; and maps show live journeys, making the wizarding world both exotic and familiar. This blend of realistic and romantic elements extends to Rowling's characters. Their names are often onomatopoeic: Malfoy is difficult, Filch unpleasant and Lupin a werewolf. Harry is ordinary and relatable, with down-to-earth features such as wearing broken glasses; the scholar Roni Natov terms him an "everychild". These elements serve to highlight Harry when he is heroic, making him both an everyman and a fairytale hero.Each of the seven books is set over the course of one school year. Harry struggles with the problems he encounters, and dealing with them often involves the need to violate some school rules. If students are caught breaking rules, they are often disciplined by Hogwarts professors. The stories reach their climax in the summer term, near or just after final exams, when events escalate far beyond in-school squabbles and struggles, and Harry must confront either Voldemort or one of his followers, the Death Eaters, with the stakes a matter of life and death – a point underlined, as the series progresses, by characters being killed in each of the final four books. In the aftermath, he learns important lessons through exposition and discussions with head teacher and mentor Albus Dumbledore. The only exception to this school-centred setting is the final novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, in which Harry and his friends spend most of their time away from Hogwarts, and only return there to face Voldemort at the dénouement.Cover art
For cover art, Bloomsbury chose painted art in a classic style of design, with the first cover a watercolour and pencil drawing by illustrator Thomas Taylor showing Harry boarding the Hogwarts Express, and a title in the font Cochin Bold. The first releases of the successive books in the series followed in the same style but somewhat more realistic, illustrating scenes from the books. These covers were created by first Cliff Wright and then Jason Cockroft.Due to the appeal of the books among an adult audience, Bloomsbury commissioned a second line of editions in an 'adult' style. These initially used black-and-white photographic art for the covers showing objects from the books (including a very American Hogwarts Express) without depicting people, but later shifted to partial colourisation with a picture of Slytherin's locket on the cover of the final book.International and later editions have been created by a range of designers, including Mary GrandPré for US audiences and Mika Launis in Finland. For a later American release, Kazu Kibuishi created covers in a somewhat anime-influenced style. | null | null | null | null | 6 |
[
"Harry Potter",
"narrative location",
"England"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Harry Potter",
"main subject",
"friendship"
] | null | null | null | null | 26 |
|
[
"Harry Potter",
"main subject",
"magic in Harry Potter"
] | null | null | null | null | 40 |
|
[
"Harry Potter",
"main subject",
"adolescence"
] | null | null | null | null | 43 |
|
[
"Harry Potter",
"main subject",
"self-discovery"
] | null | null | null | null | 44 |
|
[
"Harry Potter",
"different from",
"Harry Potter"
] | null | null | null | null | 46 |
|
[
"Harry Potter",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Harry Potter books"
] | null | null | null | null | 54 |
|
[
"Harry Potter",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Harry Potter"
] | null | null | null | null | 60 |
|
[
"Harry Potter",
"main subject",
"courage"
] | null | null | null | null | 63 |
|
[
"SUV",
"contributing factor of",
"global warming"
] | Environmental impact
SUVs generally have poorer fuel efficiency than smaller cars, and thus contribute more to environmental degradation and global warming.
SUVs emit about 700 megatonnes of carbon dioxide per year, a gas that is linked to global warming. According to the International Energy Agency, from 2010 SUVs have been the second-largest contributor to the increase in global CO2 emissions, second only to the power sector.SUVs were responsible for all of the 3.3 million barrels a day growth in oil demand from passenger cars between 2010 and 2018, whereas efficiency improvements in smaller cars saved over 2 million barrels a day, with electric cars reducing oil demand by under 100,000 barrels a day.Whereas SUVs can be electrified, or converted to run on a variety of alternative fuels, including hydrogen, their (manufacturing) emissions will always be larger than smaller electric cars. On average, SUVs consume about a quarter more energy than medium-size cars. Furthermore, the vast majority of these vehicles are not converted to use alternative fuels.
Between 2010 and 2018 SUVs were the second largest contributor to the global increase in carbon emissions worldwide. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"SUV",
"contributing factor of",
"environmental degradation"
] | Environmental impact
SUVs generally have poorer fuel efficiency than smaller cars, and thus contribute more to environmental degradation and global warming.
SUVs emit about 700 megatonnes of carbon dioxide per year, a gas that is linked to global warming. According to the International Energy Agency, from 2010 SUVs have been the second-largest contributor to the increase in global CO2 emissions, second only to the power sector.SUVs were responsible for all of the 3.3 million barrels a day growth in oil demand from passenger cars between 2010 and 2018, whereas efficiency improvements in smaller cars saved over 2 million barrels a day, with electric cars reducing oil demand by under 100,000 barrels a day.Whereas SUVs can be electrified, or converted to run on a variety of alternative fuels, including hydrogen, their (manufacturing) emissions will always be larger than smaller electric cars. On average, SUVs consume about a quarter more energy than medium-size cars. Furthermore, the vast majority of these vehicles are not converted to use alternative fuels.
Between 2010 and 2018 SUVs were the second largest contributor to the global increase in carbon emissions worldwide. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"SUV",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Sport utility vehicles"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Sugar",
"different from",
"glucose"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Sugar",
"different from",
"carbohydrate"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Sugar",
"different from",
"maltose"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Sugar",
"different from",
"α-lactose"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Sugar",
"different from",
"beta-L-fructo-furanose"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Sugar",
"different from",
"sugars"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Sugar",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Sugar"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Compulsory arbitration",
"has use",
"industrial action"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Compulsory arbitration",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Dispute resolution"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Translation",
"different from",
"translated work"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Translation",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Translation"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Law of Japan",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Law of Japan"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Information engineering (field)",
"uses",
"software engineering"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Information engineering (field)",
"different from",
"information management"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Information engineering (field)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Information Engineering"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Theatre director",
"different from",
"dramaturge"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Theatre director",
"different from",
"music director"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Theatre director",
"different from",
"theatre manager"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Theatre director",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Theatre directors"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Theatre director",
"different from",
"stage manager"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Christian saint",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Christian saints"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Immigration by country",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Immigration by country"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Pope",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Catholic Church"
] | Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the Vatican City State, Servant of the servants of God.
The best-known title, that of "pope", does not appear in the official list, but is commonly used in the titles of documents, and appears, in abbreviated form, in their signatures. Thus Paul VI signed as "Paulus PP. VI", the "PP." standing for "papa pontifex" ("pope and pontiff").The title "pope" was from the early 3rd century an honorific designation used for any bishop in the West. In the East, it was used only for the bishop of Alexandria. Marcellinus (d. 304) is the first bishop of Rome shown in sources to have had the title "pope" used of him. From the 6th century, the imperial chancery of Constantinople normally reserved this designation for the bishop of Rome. From the early 6th century, it began to be confined in the West to the bishop of Rome, a practice that was firmly in place by the 11th century.In Eastern Christianity, where the title "pope" is used also of the bishop of Alexandria, the bishop of Rome is often referred to as the "pope of Rome", regardless of whether the speaker or writer is in communion with Rome or not. | null | null | null | null | 9 |
[
"Pope",
"different from",
"patriarch"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Pope",
"different from",
"Alexander Pope"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"Pope",
"officeholder",
"Pope Francis"
] | The pope (Latin: papa, from Greek: πάππας, romanized: páppas, lit. 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff (pontifex maximus or summus pontifex), Roman pontiff (Romanus pontifex) or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Catholic Church, and has also served as the head of state or sovereign of the Papal States and later the Vatican City State since the eighth century. From a Catholic viewpoint, the primacy of the bishop of Rome is largely derived from his role as the apostolic successor to Saint Peter, to whom primacy was conferred by Jesus, who gave Peter the Keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the Church would be built. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013.While his office is called the papacy, the jurisdiction of the episcopal see is called the Holy See. It is the Holy See that is the sovereign entity by international law headquartered in the distinctively independent Vatican City State, a city-state which forms a geographical enclave within the conurbation of Rome, established by the Lateran Treaty in 1929 between Italy and the Holy See to ensure its temporal and spiritual independence. The Holy See is recognized by its adherence at various levels to international organizations and by means of its diplomatic relations and political accords with many independent states.
According to Catholic tradition, the apostolic see of Rome was founded by Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the first century. The papacy is one of the most enduring institutions in the world and has had a prominent part in human history. In ancient times, the popes helped spread Christianity and intervened to find resolutions in various doctrinal disputes. In the Middle Ages, they played a role of secular importance in Western Europe, often acting as arbitrators between Christian monarchs. In addition to the expansion of Christian faith and doctrine, modern popes are involved in ecumenism and interfaith dialogue, charitable work, and the defense of human rights.Over time, the papacy accrued broad secular and political influence, eventually rivaling those of territorial rulers. In recent centuries, the temporal authority of the papacy has declined and the office is now largely focused on religious matters. By contrast, papal claims of spiritual authority have been increasingly firmly expressed over time, culminating in 1870 with the proclamation of the dogma of papal infallibility for rare occasions when the pope speaks ex cathedra—literally "from the chair (of Saint Peter)"—to issue a formal definition of faith or morals. The pope is considered one of the world's most powerful people due to the extensive diplomatic, cultural, and spiritual influence of his position on both 1.3 billion Catholics and those outside the Catholic faith, and because he heads the world's largest non-government provider of education and health care, with a vast network of charities. | null | null | null | null | 23 |
[
"Pope",
"different from",
"Pope"
] | null | null | null | null | 29 |
|
[
"Pope",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Popes"
] | null | null | null | null | 32 |
|
[
"Microbiology",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Microbiology"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Goods",
"said to be the same as",
"product"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Goods",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Goods (economics)"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Goods",
"different from",
"service"
] | In economics, goods are items that satisfy human wants
and provide utility, for example, to a consumer making a purchase of a satisfying product. A common distinction is made between goods which are transferable, and services, which are not transferable.A good is an "economic good" if it is useful to people but scarce in relation to its demand so that human effort is required to obtain it.
In contrast, free goods, such as air, are naturally in abundant supply and need no conscious effort to obtain them.
Private goods are things owned by people, such as televisions, living room furniture, wallets, cellular telephones, almost anything owned or used on a daily basis that is not food-related.
A consumer good or "final good" is any item that is ultimately consumed, rather than used in the production of another good. For example, a microwave oven or a bicycle that is sold to a consumer is a final good or consumer good, but the components that are sold to be used in those goods are intermediate goods. For example, textiles or transistors can be used to make some further goods.
Commercial goods are construed as tangible products that are manufactured and then made available for supply to be used in an industry of commerce. Commercial goods could be tractors, commercial vehicles, mobile structures, airplanes, and even roofing materials. Commercial and personal goods as categories are very broad and cover almost everything a person sees from the time they wake up in their home, on their commute to work to their arrival at the workplace.
Commodities may be used as a synonym for economic goods but often refer to marketable raw materials and primary products.Although common goods are tangible, certain classes of goods, such as information, only take intangible forms. For example, among other goods an apple is a tangible object, while news belongs to an intangible class of goods and can be perceived only by means of an instrument such as printers or television.Trading of goods
Goods are capable of being physically delivered to a consumer. Goods that are economic intangibles can only be stored, delivered, and consumed by means of media.
Goods, both tangibles and intangibles, may involve the transfer of product ownership to the consumer. Services do not normally involve transfer of ownership of the service itself, but may involve transfer of ownership of goods developed or marketed by a service provider in the course of the service. For example, sale of storage related goods, which could consist of storage sheds, storage containers, storage buildings as tangibles or storage supplies such as boxes, bubble wrap, tape, bags and the like which are consumables, or distributing electricity among consumers is a service provided by an electric utility company. This service can only be experienced through the consumption of electrical energy, which is available in a variety of voltages and, in this case, is the economic goods produced by the electric utility company. While the service (namely, distribution of electrical energy) is a process that remains in its entirety in the ownership of the electric service provider, the goods (namely, electric energy) is the object of ownership transfer. The consumer becomes an electric energy owner by purchase and may use it for any lawful purposes just like any other goods. | null | null | null | null | 10 |
[
"FIFA Confederations Cup",
"topic's main category",
"Category:FIFA Confederations Cup"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
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