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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"The Holocaust in Lithuania",
"topic's main category",
"Category:The Holocaust in Lithuania"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Statistical theory",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Statistical theory"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Physics",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Physics"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"Wale Adenuga Production",
"topic's main category",
"film industry"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Wale Adenuga Production",
"founded by",
"Wale Adenuga"
] | Wale Adenuga Productions Limited, (in abbreviation WAPL or WAP) is a Nigeria entertainment and magazine specializes in movie production and TV programs. The industry was the sponsored and owner of Super Story family, Papa Ajasco and Binta.The formations
The industry was founded and established by Wale Adenuga in 1978. The idea of the formation came to existence when he graduated from University of Lagos in 1974, setting up his on affecting lives of other the natural artistic background he had in school and it is the birth to the popular TV series magazine Nigeria has ever had, the series known as Super Story and Binta having published and sold magazine in half million copies. It also produced popular drama series such as Papa Ajasco in 1983 and Binta My Daughter in 1995. However, it generated more revenue in the movie Papa Ajasco.The industry has partnership with the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons, Society for Family Health, National Agency for the Control of AIDS and Securities and Exchange Commission through it social media market value and other industries specifically in Live Stage Performances and TV programmes.Most of award winning series platform includes:
Papa Ajasco
Super story Family TV Drama
Nnenna & Friends Children's Edutainment Platforms
PEFTI Film Institute
This Life; family drama | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Aotearoa",
"topic's main category",
"Category:New Zealand"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Computer engineering",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Computer engineering"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"History",
"different from",
"histology"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"History",
"different from",
"study of history"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"History",
"has part(s) of the class",
"recorded history"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"History",
"has part(s) of the class",
"historical event"
] | null | null | null | null | 17 |
|
[
"History",
"topic's main category",
"Category:History"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"History",
"has part(s) of the class",
"oral tradition"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"University Press plc",
"topic's main category",
"book publisher"
] | University Press plc (UPPLC) is Nigeria's largest indigenous book publisher. It was founded as the Nigerian branch of the British Oxford University Press in 1949 with the name Oxford University Press (OUP), Nigeria. At incorporation as a public liability company in 1978, the company's name was changed to University Press Limited.The company has coverage of the country and the West African sub-regions through the location of its area offices, depots, showrooms and a number of representatives in major cities and towns nationwide and also in Accra, Ghana. The company prints, publishes and sells books for education and general reading.The board of directors is composed of both executive and non-executive directors from a variety of backgrounds.The company has won several awards such as the Nigerian Book Fair Trust Award of Recognition for sharing the vision of Nigerian Book Fair Trust and supporting the growth of the annual Nigerian Book Fair. | null | null | null | null | 10 |
[
"Thailand",
"participant of",
"Pacific War"
] | null | null | null | null | 51 |
|
[
"Thailand",
"participant of",
"ASEAN cable system"
] | null | null | null | null | 78 |
|
[
"Thailand",
"follows",
"Siam"
] | null | null | null | null | 188 |
|
[
"Thailand",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Thailand"
] | null | null | null | null | 237 |
|
[
"Most (city)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Most (city)"
] | null | null | null | null | 32 |
|
[
"Most (city)",
"uses",
"House number"
] | null | null | null | null | 36 |
|
[
"Baroque painting",
"influenced by",
"absolute monarchy"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Baroque painting",
"influenced by",
"Molanus"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Baroque painting",
"influenced by",
"Counter-Reformation"
] | History
The Council of Trent (1545–63), in which the Roman Catholic Church answered many questions of internal reform raised by both Protestants and by those who had remained inside the Catholic Church, addressed the representational arts in a short and somewhat oblique passage in its decrees. This was subsequently interpreted and expounded by a number of clerical authors like Molanus, who demanded that paintings and sculptures in church contexts should depict their subjects clearly and powerfully, and with decorum, without the stylistic airs of Mannerism.
This return toward a populist conception of the function of ecclesiastical art is seen by many art historians as driving the innovations of Caravaggio and the Carracci brothers, all of whom were working (and competing for commissions) in Rome around 1600, although unlike the Carracci, Caravaggio persistently was criticised for lack of decorum in his work.
However, although religious painting, history painting, allegories, and portraits were still considered the most noble subjects, landscape, still life, and genre scenes were also becoming more common in Catholic countries, and were the main genres in Protestant ones. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Baroque painting",
"significant person",
"Giambattista Pittoni"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Baroque painting",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Baroque painting"
] | Baroque painting is the painting associated with the Baroque cultural movement. The movement is often identified with Absolutism, the Counter Reformation and Catholic Revival, but the existence of important Baroque art and architecture in non-absolutist and Protestant states throughout Western Europe underscores its widespread popularity.Baroque painting encompasses a great range of styles, as most important and major painting during the period beginning around 1600 and continuing throughout the 17th century, and into the early 18th century is identified today as Baroque painting. In its most typical manifestations, Baroque art is characterized by great drama, rich, deep colour, and intense light and dark shadows, but the classicism of French Baroque painters like Poussin and Dutch genre painters such as Vermeer are also covered by the term, at least in English. As opposed to Renaissance art, which usually showed the moment before an event took place, Baroque artists chose the most dramatic point, the moment when the action was occurring: Michelangelo, working in the High Renaissance, shows his David composed and still before he battles Goliath; Bernini's Baroque David is caught in the act of hurling the stone at the giant. Baroque art was meant to evoke emotion and passion instead of the calm rationality that had been prized during the Renaissance.
Among the greatest painters of the Baroque period are Velázquez, Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Rubens, Poussin, and Vermeer. Caravaggio is an heir of the humanist painting of the High Renaissance. His realistic approach to the human figure, painted directly from life and dramatically spotlit against a dark background, shocked his contemporaries and opened a new chapter in the history of painting. Baroque painting often dramatizes scenes using chiaroscuro light effects; this can be seen in works by Rembrandt, Vermeer, Le Nain and La Tour.
The Flemish painter Anthony van Dyck developed a graceful but imposing portrait style that was very influential, especially in England.
The prosperity of 17th century Holland led to an enormous production of art by large numbers of painters who were mostly highly specialized and painted only genre scenes, landscapes, still lifes, portraits or history paintings. Technical standards were very high, and Dutch Golden Age painting established a new repertoire of subjects that was very influential until the arrival of Modernism. | null | null | null | null | 6 |
[
"Baroque painting",
"followed by",
"Rococo painting"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Lumières",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Enlightenment philosophy"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Interrex (Poland)",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Interrex (Poland)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Polish interreges"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Immunology",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Immunology"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"2013 national electoral calendar",
"follows",
"National electoral calendar 2012"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"2013 national electoral calendar",
"followed by",
"National electoral calendar 2014"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"2013 national electoral calendar",
"topic's main category",
"Category:2013 elections"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"2013 national electoral calendar",
"different from",
"list of elections in 2013"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"List of bishops of Płock",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Bishops of Płock"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Chemical engineer",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Chemical engineers"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline",
"topic's main category",
"Category:I. Wiener Hochquellenwasserleitung"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Philosophy",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Philosophy"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Philosophy",
"uses",
"philosophical method"
] | Methods
Methods of philosophy are ways of conducting philosophical inquiry. They include techniques for arriving at philosophical knowledge and justifying philosophical claims as well as principles used for choosing between competing theories.A great variety of methods has been employed throughout the history of philosophy. Many of them differ significantly from the methods used in the natural sciences in that they do not use experimental data obtained through measuring equipment.The choice of one's method usually has important implications both for how philosophical theories are constructed and for the arguments cited for or against them. This choice is often guided by epistemological considerations about what constitutes philosophical evidence, how much support it offers, and how to acquire it.Various disagreements on the level of philosophical theories have their source in methodological disagreements. The discovery of new methods has often had important consequences both for how philosophers conduct their research and for what claims they defend. Some philosophers engage in most of their theorizing using one particular method while others employ a wider range of methods based on which one fits the specific problem investigated best.Conceptual analysis is a well-known method in analytic philosophy. It aims to clarify the meaning of concepts by analyzing them into their fundamental constituents. Another method often employed in analytic philosophy is based on common sense. It starts with commonly accepted beliefs and tries to draw interesting conclusions from them, which it often employs in a negative sense to criticize philosophical theories that are too far removed from how the average person sees the issue. It is very similar to how ordinary language philosophy tackles philosophical questions by investigating how ordinary language is used.Various methods in philosophy give particular importance to intuitions, that is, non-inferential impressions about the correctness of specific claims or general principles. For example, they play an important role in thought experiments, which employ counterfactual thinking to evaluate the possible consequences of an imagined situation. These anticipated consequences can then be used to confirm or refute philosophical theories. The method of reflective equilibrium also employs intuitions. It seeks to form a coherent position on a certain issue by examining all the relevant beliefs and intuitions, some of which often have to be deemphasized or reformulated in order to arrive at a coherent perspective.Pragmatists stress the significance of concrete practical consequences for assessing whether a philosophical theory is true. According to the pragmatic maxim as formulated by Charles Sanders Peirce, the idea a person has of an object is nothing more than the totality of practical consequences they associate with this object. Pragmatists have also used this method to expose merely verbal disagreements that make no genuine difference on the level of consequences.Phenomenologists seek knowledge of the realm of appearance and the structure of human experience. Their inquiry starts from a first-person perspective and proceeds by suspending all judgments about the external world. This technique of phenomenological reduction is known as "bracketing" or epoché. The goal is to give an unbiased description of the appearances of things. | null | null | null | null | 20 |
[
"Philosophy",
"different from",
"dogma"
] | null | null | null | null | 27 |
|
[
"Visual arts",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Visual arts"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Visual arts",
"said to be the same as",
"art"
] | null | null | null | null | 16 |
|
[
"Visual arts",
"different from",
"visual artwork"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"Communication",
"used by",
"mass media"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Communication",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Communication"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Communication",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Oral communication"
] | null | null | null | null | 21 |
|
[
"Uniqa Tower",
"significant event",
"construction"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Uniqa Tower",
"has use",
"office"
] | The Uniqa Tower (owner's spelling: UNIQA Tower) is an office building on the Danube Canal in Leopoldstadt, the 2nd district of Vienna. The building received the European Union Green Building label. It is the first building in Austria and one of the first buildings in Europe to bear the label.Architecture
The tower is 75 meters high, has 21 upper floors and five basement floors. The shape of the floor plan is a stylized "Q", as it corresponds to the logo of Uniqa Insurance Group located in the building. The more than 7,000 square meter facade was designed as a media facade with a dot matrix of LEDs. It consists of more than 40,000 pixels, based on approximately 160,000 individual LEDs. The system works on a video component basis with 25 frames per second. The concept was provided by the lighting design office Licht Kunst Licht in cooperation with the German media artists Holger Mader, Alexander Stublic and Heike Wiermann. The technical implementation was carried out by the Belgian technology company Barco. The media façade is also occasionally used as a large billboard. The Uniqa Tower was built between October 2001 and June 2004 for approximately 70 million euros.The official opening took place on 25 June 2005. The architect of the building is Heinz Neumann from Vienna. When it was built, the Tower was the first new office building in Austria to be awarded the EU label Green Building. One third of the building's energy consumption is provided for by a heat pump and geothermal heating. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Uniqa Tower",
"owned by",
"Uniqa Insurance Group"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Uniqa Tower",
"topic's main category",
"Hochhaus"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Heligoland",
"located on terrain feature",
"North Sea"
] | Heligoland (; German: Helgoland, pronounced [ˈhɛlɡoˌlant] (listen); Heligolandic Frisian: deät Lun, lit. 'the Land', Mooring Frisian: Hålilönj, Danish: Helgoland) is a small archipelago in the North Sea. A part of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein since 1890, the islands were historically possessions of Denmark, then became the possessions of the United Kingdom from 1807 to 1890, and briefly managed as a war prize from 1945 to 1952.
The islands are located in the Heligoland Bight (part of the German Bight) in the southeastern corner of the North Sea and had a population of 1,127 at the end of 2016. They are the only German islands not in the vicinity of the mainland. They lie approximately 69 kilometres (43 miles) by sea from Cuxhaven at the mouth of the River Elbe. During a visit to the islands, August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben wrote the lyrics to "Deutschlandlied", which became the national anthem of Germany.
In addition to German, the local population, who are ethnic Frisians, speak the Heligolandic dialect of the North Frisian language called Halunder. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Heligoland",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Heligoland"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"Heligoland",
"different from",
"Helgoland"
] | null | null | null | null | 24 |
|
[
"Heligoland",
"said to be the same as",
"Helgoland"
] | Name
The island had no distinct name before the 19th century. It was often referred to by variants of the High German Heiligland ('holy land') and once even as the island of the Holy Virgin Ursula. Theodor Siebs summarized the critical discussion of the name in the 19th century in 1909 with the thesis that, based on the Frisian self-designation of the Heligolanders as Halunder, the island name meant 'high land' (similar to Hallig). In the following discussion by Jürgen Spanuth, Wolfgang Laur again proposed the original name of Heiligland. The variant Helgoland, which has appeared since the 16th century, is said to have been created by scholars who Latinized a North Frisian form Helgeland, using it to refer to a legendary hero, Helgi. The discussion is complicated by a disagreement as to which of the listed names really refers to the island of Helgoland, and by a desire for the island still to be seen as holy today. | null | null | null | null | 27 |
[
"Heligoland",
"located on terrain feature",
"Heligoland archipelago"
] | Heligoland (; German: Helgoland, pronounced [ˈhɛlɡoˌlant] (listen); Heligolandic Frisian: deät Lun, lit. 'the Land', Mooring Frisian: Hålilönj, Danish: Helgoland) is a small archipelago in the North Sea. A part of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein since 1890, the islands were historically possessions of Denmark, then became the possessions of the United Kingdom from 1807 to 1890, and briefly managed as a war prize from 1945 to 1952.
The islands are located in the Heligoland Bight (part of the German Bight) in the southeastern corner of the North Sea and had a population of 1,127 at the end of 2016. They are the only German islands not in the vicinity of the mainland. They lie approximately 69 kilometres (43 miles) by sea from Cuxhaven at the mouth of the River Elbe. During a visit to the islands, August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben wrote the lyrics to "Deutschlandlied", which became the national anthem of Germany.
In addition to German, the local population, who are ethnic Frisians, speak the Heligolandic dialect of the North Frisian language called Halunder.Geology
The island of Heligoland is a geological oddity; the presence of the main island's characteristic red sedimentary rock in the middle of the German Bight is unusual. It is the only such formation of cliffs along the continental coast of the North Sea. The formation itself, called the Bunter sandstone or Buntsandstein, is from the early Triassic geologic age. It is older than the white chalk that underlies the island Düne, the same rock that forms the White Cliffs of Dover in England and cliffs of Danish and German islands in the Baltic Sea. A small chalk rock close to Heligoland, called witt Kliff (white cliff), is known to have existed within sight of the island to the west until the early 18th century, when storm floods finally eroded it to below sea level.
Heligoland's rock is significantly harder than the postglacial sediments and sands forming the islands and coastlines to the east of the island. This is why the core of the island, which a thousand years ago was still surrounded by a large, low-lying marshland and sand dunes separated from coast in the east only by narrow channels, has remained to this day, although the onset of the North Sea has long eroded away all of its surroundings. A small piece of Heligoland's sand dunes remains—the sand isle just across the harbour called Düne (Dune). A referendum in June 2011 dismissed a proposal to reconnect the main island to the Düne islet with a landfill. | null | null | null | null | 28 |
[
"Ecology",
"different from",
"ethology"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Ecology",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Ecology"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Ichthyology",
"different from",
"trace fossil"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Ichthyology",
"different from",
"fisheries biology"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Ichthyology",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Ichthyology"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"German Americans",
"topic's main category",
"Category:German American"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"German Americans",
"topic's main category",
"Category:American people of German descent"
] | German Americans (German: Deutschamerikaner, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃʔameʁɪˌkaːnɐ]) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry. According to the Academy for Cultural Diplomacy, "German-Americans make up the largest self-reported ancestry group within the United States accounting for roughly 49 million people and approximately 17% of the population of the US." This is an increase from 2010 when it was 45.7 million people. German Americans account for about one third of the total population of people of German ancestry in the world.Very few of the German states had colonies in the new world. In the 1670s, the first significant groups of German immigrants arrived in the British colonies, settling primarily in Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia.
The Mississippi Company of France moved thousands of Germans from Europe to Louisiana and to the German Coast, Orleans Territory between 1718 and 1750. Immigration to the U.S. ramped up sharply during the 19th century.
There is a "German belt" that extends all the way across the United States, from eastern Pennsylvania to the Oregon coast. Pennsylvania, with 3.5 million people of German ancestry, has the largest population of German-Americans in the U.S. and is home to one of the group's original settlements, Germantown (Philadelphia), founded in 1683 and the birthplace of the American antislavery movement in 1688, as well as the revolutionary Battle of Germantown.
They were pulled by the attractions of land and religious freedom, and pushed out of Germany by shortages of land and religious or political oppression. Many arrived seeking religious or political freedom, others for economic opportunities greater than those in Europe, and others for the chance to start fresh in the New World. The arrivals before 1850 were mostly farmers who sought out the most productive land, where their intensive farming techniques would pay off. After 1840, many came to cities, where "Germania"—German-speaking districts—soon emerged.German Americans established the first kindergartens in the United States, introduced the Christmas tree tradition, and introduced popular foods such as hot dogs and hamburgers to America.The great majority of people with some German ancestry have become Americanized; fewer than five percent speak German. German-American societies abound, as do celebrations that are held throughout the country to celebrate German heritage of which the German-American Steuben Parade in New York City is one of the most well-known and is held every third Saturday in September. Oktoberfest celebrations and the German-American Day are popular festivities. There are major annual events in cities with German heritage including Chicago, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, Pittsburgh, San Antonio and St. Louis.
Around 180,000 permanent residents from Germany were living in the United States in 2020. The total number of people from Germany living in the US, including illegal immigrants, naturalized citizens and those that are only permanent residents is well over 500,000. | null | null | null | null | 7 |
[
"Psychology",
"different from",
"phycology"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Psychology",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Psychology"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"founded by",
"Lee Byung-chul"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"owned by",
"Lee Kun-hee"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"owned by",
"treasury stock"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"owned by",
"Samsung C&T Corporation"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"owned by",
"Samsung Life Insurance"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"different from",
"Samsung"
] | null | null | null | null | 17 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"owned by",
"National Pension Service"
] | null | null | null | null | 22 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"owner of",
"Samsung Electro-Mechanics"
] | null | null | null | null | 27 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Samsung Electronics"
] | null | null | null | null | 32 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"owner of",
"Samsung SDS"
] | null | null | null | null | 40 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"owner of",
"Tomen Devices"
] | null | null | null | null | 41 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"owner of",
"Samsung Biologics"
] | null | null | null | null | 47 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"owner of",
"Samsung SDI"
] | null | null | null | null | 49 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"owner of",
"Cheil Worldwide"
] | null | null | null | null | 56 |
|
[
"Samsung Electronics",
"owner of",
"Samsung (China) Semiconductor"
] | null | null | null | null | 65 |
|
[
"The Feminist Five",
"depicts",
"women's rights"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"The Feminist Five",
"topic's main category",
"women's rights activism"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Chief executive officer",
"different from",
"director general"
] | International use
In some countries, there is a dual board system with two separate boards, one executive board for the day-to-day business and one supervisory board for control purposes (selected by the shareholders). In these countries, the CEO presides over the executive board and the chairperson presides over the supervisory board, and these two roles will always be held by different people. This ensures a distinction between management by the executive board and governance by the supervisory board. This allows for clear lines of authority. The aim is to prevent a conflict of interest and too much power being concentrated in the hands of one person.
In the United States, the board of directors (elected by the shareholders) is often equivalent to the supervisory board, while the executive board may often be known as the executive committee (the division/subsidiary heads and C-level officers that report directly to the CEO).
In the United States, and in business, the executive officers are usually the top officers of a corporation, the chief executive officer (CEO) being the best-known type. The definition varies; for instance, the California Corporate Disclosure Act defines "executive officers" as the five most highly compensated officers not also sitting on the board of directors. In the case of a sole proprietorship, an executive officer is the sole proprietor. In the case of a partnership, an executive officer is a managing partner, senior partner, or administrative partner. In the case of a limited liability company, an executive officer is any member, manager, or officer. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Chief executive officer",
"different from",
"president"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Chief executive officer",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Chief executive officers"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Chief executive officer",
"different from",
"representative director"
] | International use
In some countries, there is a dual board system with two separate boards, one executive board for the day-to-day business and one supervisory board for control purposes (selected by the shareholders). In these countries, the CEO presides over the executive board and the chairperson presides over the supervisory board, and these two roles will always be held by different people. This ensures a distinction between management by the executive board and governance by the supervisory board. This allows for clear lines of authority. The aim is to prevent a conflict of interest and too much power being concentrated in the hands of one person.
In the United States, the board of directors (elected by the shareholders) is often equivalent to the supervisory board, while the executive board may often be known as the executive committee (the division/subsidiary heads and C-level officers that report directly to the CEO).
In the United States, and in business, the executive officers are usually the top officers of a corporation, the chief executive officer (CEO) being the best-known type. The definition varies; for instance, the California Corporate Disclosure Act defines "executive officers" as the five most highly compensated officers not also sitting on the board of directors. In the case of a sole proprietorship, an executive officer is the sole proprietor. In the case of a partnership, an executive officer is a managing partner, senior partner, or administrative partner. In the case of a limited liability company, an executive officer is any member, manager, or officer. | null | null | null | null | 9 |
[
"Chief executive officer",
"said to be the same as",
"Counsellor Delegate"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Prayer",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Prayer"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Prophet",
"different from",
"seer"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Prophet",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Prophets"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Arab world",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Arab world"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Quantum mechanics",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Quantum mechanics"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"Homosexuality",
"different from",
"homosociality"
] | Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" exclusively to people of the same sex. It "also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions."Along with bisexuality and heterosexuality, homosexuality is one of the three main categories of sexual orientation within the heterosexual–homosexual continuum. Scientists do not yet know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they theorize that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences and do not view it as a choice. Although no single theory on the cause of sexual orientation has yet gained widespread support, scientists favor biologically based theories. There is considerably more evidence supporting nonsocial, biological causes of sexual orientation than social ones, especially for males. There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role with regard to sexual orientation. While some people believe that homosexual activity is unnatural, scientific research shows that homosexuality is a normal and natural variation in human sexuality and is not in and of itself a source of negative psychological effects. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of psychological interventions to change sexual orientation.The most common adjectives for homosexual people are lesbian for females and gay for males, but the term gay also commonly refers to both homosexual females and males. The percentage of people who are gay or lesbian and the proportion of people who are in same-sex romantic relationships or have had same-sex sexual experiences are difficult for researchers to estimate reliably for a variety of reasons, including many gay and lesbian people not openly identifying as such due to prejudice or discrimination such as homophobia and heterosexism. Homosexual behavior has also been documented in many non-human animal species, though humans are one of only two species known to exhibit a homosexual orientation.Many gay and lesbian people are in committed same-sex relationships. These relationships are equivalent to heterosexual relationships in essential psychological respects. Homosexual relationships and acts have been admired, as well as condemned, throughout recorded history, depending on the form they took and the culture in which they occurred. Since the end of the 20th century, there has been a global movement towards freedom and equality for gay people, including the introduction of anti-bullying legislation to protect gay children at school, legislation ensuring non-discrimination, equal ability to serve in the military, equal access to health care, equal ability to adopt and parent, and the establishment of marriage equality.Sexuality and identity
Behavior and desire
The American Psychological Association, the American Psychiatric Association, and the National Association of Social Workers identify sexual orientation as "not merely a personal characteristic that can be defined in isolation. Rather, one's sexual orientation defines the universe of persons with whom one is likely to find the satisfying and fulfilling relationships":
Sexual orientation is commonly discussed as a characteristic of the individual, like biological sex, gender identity, or age. This perspective is incomplete because sexual orientation is always defined in relational terms and necessarily involves relationships with other individuals. Sexual acts and romantic attractions are categorized as homosexual or heterosexual according to the biological sex of the individuals involved in them, relative to each other. Indeed, it is by acting—or desiring to act—with another person that individuals express their heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality. This includes actions as simple as holding hands with or kissing another person. Thus, sexual orientation is integrally linked to the intimate personal relationships that human beings form with others to meet their deeply felt needs for love, attachment, and intimacy. In addition to sexual behavior, these bonds encompass nonsexual physical affection between partners, shared goals and values, mutual support, and ongoing commitment.
The Kinsey scale, also called the Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale, attempts to describe a person's sexual history or episodes of his or her sexual activity at a given time. It uses a scale from 0, meaning exclusively heterosexual, to 6, meaning exclusively homosexual. In both the Male and Female volumes of the Kinsey Reports, an additional grade, listed as "X", has been interpreted by scholars to indicate asexuality. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Homosexuality",
"said to be the same as",
"homosexual"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Homosexuality",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Homosexuality"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Public administration",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Public administration"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Public administration",
"said to be the same as",
"Administration of the State and the economic and social policy of the community"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Public administration",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Public governance"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Film genre",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Film genres"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Washington (state)",
"different from",
"Washington, D.C."
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Washington (state)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Washington (state)"
] | null | null | null | null | 25 |
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