triplets
sequence | passage
stringlengths 0
32.9k
| label
stringlengths 4
48
⌀ | label_id
int64 0
1k
⌀ | synonyms
sequence | __index_level_1__
int64 312
64.1k
⌀ | __index_level_0__
int64 0
2.4k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics",
"followed by",
"ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Mutual Security Act",
"follows",
"Marshall Plan"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Mutual Security Act",
"main subject",
"Mutual Security Agency"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Sella Giudicarie",
"follows",
"Lardaro"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Sella Giudicarie",
"follows",
"Bondo, Trentino"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Sella Giudicarie",
"follows",
"Breguzzo"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Sella Giudicarie",
"follows",
"Roncone"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Sella Giudicarie",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Sella Giudicarie"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Early modern period",
"follows",
"Renaissance"
] | European kingdoms and movements
In the early modern period, the Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor the first of which was Otto I. The last was Francis II, who abdicated and dissolved the Empire in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. Despite its name, for much of its history the Empire did not include Rome within its borders.
The Renaissance was a cultural movement that began in the 14th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historic era, but since the changes of the Renaissance were not uniform across Europe, this is a general use of the term. As a cultural movement, it encompassed a rebellion of learning based on classical sources, the development of linear perspective in painting, and gradual but widespread educational reform. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Early modern period",
"follows",
"Middle Ages"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Early modern period",
"follows",
"Age of Discovery"
] | Discovery and trade
The Age of Discovery was a period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century, during which European ships traveled around the world to search for new trading routes and partners to feed burgeoning capitalism in Europe. They also were in search of trading goods such as gold, silver and spices. In the process, Europeans encountered peoples and mapped lands previously unknown to them. This factor in the early European modern period was a globalizing character; the 'discovery' of the Americas and the rise of sustained contacts between previously isolated parts of the globe was an important historical event.The search for new routes was based on the fact that the Silk Road was controlled by the Ottoman Empire, which was an impediment to European commercial interests, and other Eastern trade routes were not available to the Europeans due to Muslim control. The ability to outflank the Muslim states of North Africa was seen as crucial to European survival. At the same time, the Iberians learnt much from their Arab neighbors. The northwestern region of Eurasia has a very long coastline, and has arguably been more influenced by its maritime history than any other continent. Europe is uniquely situated between several navigable seas, and intersected by navigable rivers running into them in a way that greatly facilitated the influence of maritime traffic and commerce. In the maritime history of Europe, the carrack and caravel both incorporated the lateen sail that made ships far more maneuverable. By translating the Arab versions of lost ancient Greek geographical works into Latin, European navigators acquired a deeper knowledge of the shape of Africa and Asia. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Early modern period",
"follows",
"late Middle Ages"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Early modern period",
"followed by",
"late modern period"
] | End of the early modern period
The end of the early modern period is usually associated with the Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain around 1750, but began to make substantial changes in many European countries by around 1800.
The Age of Revolutions starts at the end of the early modern period and continues into the late modern period, denoting in the decline of absolutism in Europe. Near the end of the early modern period were the Second Treaty of Paris which ended the American Revolution, the French Revolution in 1789, and the Napoleonic Wars. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 marked the end of this period of political upheaval and frequent war, with the rise of new concepts of nationalism and reorganization of military forces. 1815 is the latest year commonly reckoned as the end of the early modern period. | null | null | null | null | 10 |
[
"Early modern period",
"follows",
"Postclassical Era"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Early modern period",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Early modern period"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election",
"follows",
"2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election",
"followed by",
"2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election"
] | null | null | null | null | 35 |
|
[
"The Quantum Vacuum",
"follows",
"laser"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"The Quantum Vacuum",
"main subject",
"modern physics"
] | The Quantum Vacuum: An Introduction to Quantum Electrodynamics is a physics textbook authored by Peter W. Milonni in 1993. The book provides a careful and thorough treatment of zero-point energy, spontaneous emission, the Casimir, van der Waals forces, Lamb shift and anomalous magnetic moment of the electron at a level of detail not found in other introductory texts to quantum electrodynamics.
The first chapter, Zero‐Point Energy in Early Quantum Theory, was originally published in 1991 in the American Journal of Physics.
In 2008 Milonni received the Max Born Award "For exceptional contributions to the fields of theoretical optics, laser physics and quantum mechanics, and for dissemination of scientific knowledge through authorship of a series of outstanding books". | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Future Circular Collider",
"follows",
"Large Hadron Collider"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Future Circular Collider",
"owned by",
"CERN"
] | Organisation
The FCC study, hosted by CERN is an international collaboration of 135 research institutes and universities and 25 industrial partners from all over the world.
The FCC study was launched following a response to the recommendation made in the update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics 2013, adopted by CERN's council. The study is governed by three bodies: the International Collaboration Board (ICB), the International Steering Committee (ISC), and the International Advisory Committee (IAC). | null | null | null | null | 7 |
[
"Quero Vas",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Quero Vas"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Quero Vas",
"follows",
"Vas"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Quero Vas",
"follows",
"Quero"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"GOES-16",
"follows",
"GOES-15"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"GOES-16",
"significant event",
"design"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"GOES-16",
"significant event",
"implementation"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"GOES-16",
"followed by",
"GOES-17"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"GOES-16",
"significant event",
"service entry"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"GOES-16",
"significant event",
"rocket launch"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"GOES-16",
"significant event",
"formulation"
] | null | null | null | null | 17 |
|
[
"GOES-16",
"significant event",
"contract awarding"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"2014 South American Under-23 Championships in Athletics",
"follows",
"2012 South American Under-23 Championships in Athletics"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"2014 South American Under-23 Championships in Athletics",
"followed by",
"2016 South American Under-23 Championships in Athletics"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Primera Federación (women)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Segunda División (women)"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Primera Federación (women)",
"follows",
"Primera División Femenina"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"2009 UCI Road World Championships – Women's time trial",
"follows",
"2008 UCI Road World Championships – Women's time trial"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"2009 UCI Road World Championships – Women's time trial",
"followed by",
"2010 UCI Road World Championships – Women's time trial"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"2006 Czech parliamentary election",
"followed by",
"2010 Czech legislative election"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"2006 Czech parliamentary election",
"follows",
"2002 Czech legislative election"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"1998 Czech parliamentary election",
"follows",
"1996 Czech legislative election"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"1998 Czech parliamentary election",
"followed by",
"2002 Czech legislative election"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"2010 Czech parliamentary election",
"follows",
"2006 Czech legislative election"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"2010 Czech parliamentary election",
"followed by",
"2013 Czech legislative election"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"2002 Czech parliamentary election",
"followed by",
"2006 Czech legislative election"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"2002 Czech parliamentary election",
"follows",
"1998 Czech legislative election"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"New Rome",
"followed by",
"Constantinople"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"New Rome",
"follows",
"Byzantium"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"New Rome",
"replaces",
"Byzantium"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"New Rome",
"different from",
"Second Rome"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"New Rome",
"different from",
"Moscow, third Rome"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"New Rome",
"different from",
"Third Rome"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"6th César Awards",
"follows",
"5th César Awards"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"6th César Awards",
"followed by",
"7th César Awards"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"5th César Awards",
"followed by",
"6th César Awards"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"5th César Awards",
"follows",
"4th César Awards"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"4th César Awards",
"followed by",
"5th César Awards"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"4th César Awards",
"follows",
"3rd César Awards"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"3rd César Awards",
"followed by",
"4th César Awards"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"3rd César Awards",
"follows",
"2nd César Awards"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"BunsenLabs",
"follows",
"CrunchBang Linux"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"BunsenLabs",
"based on",
"Debian"
] | Successors
Newborough announced in February 2015 that he was abandoning further development of CrunchBang Linux, feeling that it no longer served a purpose. Many users disagreed, and a number of them proceeded to develop successor distributions BunsenLabs, CrunchBang++ (#!++) and CrunchBang-Monara.BunsenLabs
BunsenLabs Linux is a community-organized successor to Crunchbang. It is based on the Debian 10 (Buster) stable release. Between 17 and 30 September 2015, CrunchBang's domain began redirecting to BunsenLabs.BunsenLabs is one of the few modern Debian-based live distributions that still offers a CD edition supporting 32-bit systems, with both the X Window System and a modern version of Firefox, making the distro useful for running on old computers with just around 1 GB of RAM.The latest version, based on Debian 11, was released on 19 December 2022. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont",
"follows",
"Holy Roman Empire"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont",
"different from",
"Waldeck"
] | History
Waldeck was a county within the Holy Roman Empire from 1180. The ruling counts were a branch of the Counts of Schwalenberg (at Schwalenberg Castle). Waldeck Castle (Waldeck), overlooking the Eder river at Waldeck and first mentioned in 1120, was inherited by count Widekind I of Schwalenberg and his son Volkwin, from the counts of Itter and the counts of Ziegenhain, when they married wives of these families. Waldeck remained the main residence of the county until 1655.
Its counts included Adolf II of Waldeck from 1270 to 1276. In 1655, the residence was shifted from Waldeck to Arolsen. In 1625, the small county of Pyrmont was added to Waldeck through inheritance, as it had also been ruled by a branch of the counts of Schwalenberg.
In January 1712, the count of Waldeck and Pyrmont was elevated to prince by Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor. For a brief period, 1805 to 1812, Pyrmont was a separate principality as a result of inheritance and partition after the death of the previous prince, but the two parts were united again in 1812. The independence of the principality was confirmed in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, and Waldeck and Pyrmont became a member of the German Confederation. From 1868 onward, the principality was administered by Prussia, but retained its legislative sovereignty. Prussian administration served to reduce administrative costs for the small state and was based on a ten-year contract that was repeatedly renewed for the duration of its existence. In 1871, the principality became a constituent state of the new German Empire. At the end of World War I, during the German Revolution that resulted in the fall of all the German monarchies, the prince was deposed and the principality became the Free State of Waldeck-Pyrmont within the Weimar Republic.
The princely house of Waldeck and Pyrmont is closely related to the royal family of the Netherlands. The last ruling prince, Frederick, was the brother of Queen Consort Emma of the Netherlands.
In 1905, Waldeck and Pyrmont had an area of 1121 km2 and a population of 59,000. | null | null | null | null | 7 |
[
"Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Waldeck (state)"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Principality of Reuss-Greiz",
"follows",
"Holy Roman Empire"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Principality of Reuss-Greiz",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Principality of Reuss-Greiz"
] | The Principality of Reuss-Greiz (German: Fürstentum Reuß-Greiz), officially called the Principality of the Reuss Elder Line (German: Fürstentum Reuß älterer Linie) after 1848, was a sovereign state in the German Empire, ruled by members of the House of Reuss. The Counts Reuss of Greiz, Lower-Greiz and Upper-Greiz (German: Reuß zu Greiz, Untergreiz und Obergreiz) were elevated to princely status in 1778 and thereafter bore the title of Prince Reuss, Elder Line, or Prince Reuss of Greiz.
Similarly to the more numerous Reuss Junior Line, the male members of this house were all named "Heinrich", in honour of Emperor Heinrich VI, who had benefited the family. They were numbered sequentially by birth, rather than by reign, with the last series beginning with Heinrich I (born 1693) and ending with Heinrich XXIV (1878–1927).
The territory had an area of 317 km2 and over 72,000 inhabitants in 1910.
RG preserved the Frankfurt Parliament flag, which later became the flag of Germany. | null | null | null | null | 9 |
[
"Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda",
"follows",
"Holy Roman Empire"
] | Nassau-Orange-Fulda (sometimes also named Fulda and Corvey) was a short-lived principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1803 to 1806. It was created for William Frederick, the son and heir of William V, Prince of Orange, the ousted stadtholder of the abolished Dutch Republic after the Batavian Revolution of 1795. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Kingdom of Saxony",
"follows",
"Holy Roman Empire"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Kingdom of Saxony",
"follows",
"Electorate of Saxony"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Kingdom of Saxony",
"replaces",
"Electorate of Saxony"
] | The Kingdom of Saxony (German: Königreich Sachsen), lasting from 1806 to 1918, was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic Germany. The kingdom was formed from the Electorate of Saxony. From 1871, it was part of the German Empire. It became a free state in the era of Weimar Republic in 1918 after the end of World War I and the abdication of King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony. Its capital was the city of Dresden, and its modern successor state is the Free State of Saxony. | null | null | null | null | 12 |
[
"Kingdom of Saxony",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Kingdom of Saxony"
] | null | null | null | null | 27 |
|
[
"Early modern Europe",
"follows",
"Middle Ages"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Early modern Europe",
"followed by",
"modern Europe"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Romanticism in France",
"follows",
"Age of Enlightenment"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Age of Discovery",
"follows",
"Middle Ages"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Age of Discovery",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Age of Discovery"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Age of Discovery",
"followed by",
"early modern period"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Pi (letter)",
"different from",
"pi"
] | The mathematical real transcendental (and thus irrational) constant π ≈ 3.14159..., the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter in Euclidean geometry. The letter "π" is the first letter of the Greek words περιφέρεια 'periphery' and περίμετρος 'perimeter', i.e. the circumference.
The prime-counting function in mathematics.
Homotopy groups in algebraic topology.
Dimensionless parameters constructed using the Buckingham π theorem of dimensional analysis.
The hadron called the pion (pi meson).
Often inflation rate in macroeconomics.
Sometimes profit in microeconomics.
A type of chemical bond in which the p orbitals overlap, called a pi bond.
The natural projection on the tangent bundle on a manifold.
The unary operation of projection in relational algebra.
Policy in reinforcement learning.Polyamory (in the earliest polyamory pride flag design, created by Jim Evans in 1995, pi stands for the first letter of polyamory). | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Pi (letter)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Pi (letter)"
] | Pi (/ˈpaɪ/; Ancient Greek /piː/ or /peî/, uppercase Π, lowercase π, cursive ϖ; Greek: πι [pi]) is the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, meaning units united, and representing the voiceless bilabial plosive IPA: [p]. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 80. It was derived from the Phoenician letter Pe (). Letters that arose from pi include Latin P, Cyrillic Pe (П, п), Coptic pi (Ⲡ, ⲡ), and Gothic pairthra (𐍀). | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Pi (letter)",
"followed by",
"Ρ"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Pi (letter)",
"follows",
"Ο"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Pi (letter)",
"followed by",
"san"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Pi (letter)",
"based on",
"𐤐"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Omega",
"different from",
"Ꞷ"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Omega",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Omega (letter)"
] | Omega (; capital: Ω, lowercase: ω; Ancient Greek ὦ, later ὦ μέγα, Modern Greek ωμέγα) is the twenty-fourth and final letter in the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeric system/isopsephy (gematria), it has a value of 800. The word literally means "great O" (ō mega, mega meaning "great"), as opposed to omicron, which means "little O" (o mikron, micron meaning "little").In phonetic terms, the Ancient Greek Ω represented a long open-mid back rounded vowel IPA: [ɔː], comparable to the "aw" of the English word raw in dialects without the cot–caught merger, in contrast to omicron which represented the close-mid back rounded vowel IPA: [o] , and the digraph ου which represented the long close-mid back rounded vowel IPA: [oː]. In Modern Greek, both omega and omicron represent the mid back rounded vowel IPA: [o̞] or IPA: [ɔ̝]. The letter omega is transliterated into a Latin-script alphabet as ō or simply o.
As the final letter in the Greek alphabet, omega is often used to denote the last, the end, or the ultimate limit of a set, in contrast to alpha, the first letter of the Greek alphabet; see Alpha and Omega. | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Omega",
"follows",
"Ψ"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Omega",
"followed by",
"sampi"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Phi",
"follows",
"Υ"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Phi",
"different from",
"ɸ"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Phi",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Phi (letter)"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Phi",
"followed by",
"Χ"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Lambda",
"followed by",
"Μ"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Lambda",
"follows",
"Κ"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Lambda",
"different from",
"Λ"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Lambda",
"based on",
"𐤋"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Lambda",
"different from",
"lambda"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Panther tank",
"follows",
"Panzer IV"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Panther tank",
"followed by",
"Tiger I"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
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