ProfessorBob/relation_extraction · Datasets at Hugging Face

triplets sequence	passage stringlengths 0 32.9k	label stringlengths 4 48 ⌀	label_id int64 0 1k ⌀	synonyms sequence	__index_level_1__ int64 312 64.1k ⌀	__index_level_0__ int64 0 2.4k ⌀
[ "Social Security Wage Base", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	0
[ "Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp.", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574 (1986), was an antitrust case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. It raised the standard for surviving summary judgment to unambiguous evidence that tends to exclude an innocent interpretation. Specifically, the issue was whether there was a horizontal "agreement" between Matsushita Electric and other Japanese television manufacturers. The Court held that the evidence must tend to exclude the possibility of independent action to be sufficient to survive summary judgment.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp.", "significant event", "oral argument" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "Wex", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "2015 United States federal budget", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "2015 United States federal budget", "follows", "2014 United States federal budget" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "2015 United States federal budget", "followed by", "2016 United States federal budget" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Interests Section of Iran in the United States", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Tax protester history in the United States", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	Notable tax protesters Some people who do not pay income taxes have been able to do so successfully for many years. Others have been arrested for tax evasion or other tax crimes, and have been prosecuted, convicted and imprisoned. The following sections describe some notable proponents of tax protester arguments (in the narrow legal sense of arguments that are legally frivolous).	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Appointment of Justices", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "U.S. ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Under Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	The Under Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs is a high-ranking position within the United States Department of Agriculture that supervises policy development and day-to-day operations of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the Agricultural Marketing Service, and the Grain Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards Administration. The three agencies were appropriated over $800 million by Congress in fiscal year 2004.The Agricultural Marketing Service administers programs that attempt to facilitate the fair marketing of U.S. agricultural products. The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service attempts to safeguard America's resources from exotic invasive pests and diseases and monitor and manage agricultural pests and diseases existing in the United States. It also resolves and manages trade issues related to animal or plant health, and ensures the humane care and treatment of animals. The Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration attempts to facilitate the marketing of livestock, poultry, meat, cereals, oilseeds, and related agricultural products, and promote fair and competitive trading practices.In April 2021, Jenny Lester Moffitt was nominated as Under Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs. The former Under Secretary Greg Ibach was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on October 26, 2017. Previous incumbent Bruce I. Knight was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on August 6, 2006. Former Under Secretaries include Bill Hawks, who served from April 2001 until June 2005, Islam "Isa" A. Siddiqui, whose recess appointment was announced by President Bill Clinton on December 29, 2000, and Michael V. Dunn, who served from November 1998 until April 2000.The position was created by the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 1999, which was signed on October 21, 1998 by President Clinton. Prior to this act, there had been an Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs, which was abolished. The Under Secretary is appointed by the President with the confirmation of the Senate.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	Leadership The ITA was created on January 2, 1980 and is headed by the Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade (USC(IT)), the principal adviser to the Secretary of Commerce on American imports and exports. The Under Secretary is the head of the International Trade Administration within the Commerce Department. The Under Secretary is appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate. The last presidential appointee was Gilbert B. Kaplan, who was nominated by President Trump for the position of Under Secretary for International Trade on April 11, 2017, and confirmed by the Senate on March 13, 2018. Gilbert Kaplan left the position in late 2019. Joseph C. Semsar is currently Acting Under Secretary.Overview The Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade is the principal officer of the United States Department of Commerce charged with promoting American exports and assisting general international trade. As the Administrator of the International Trade Administration, the Under Secretary also sits on the board of directors of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, and serves as a member of the Tourism Policy Council and the National Intellectual Property Council. The Under Secretary participates in the development of United States trade policy, identifies and resolves market access and compliance issues, administers American trade laws, and undertakes a range of trade promotion and trade advocacy efforts. With the rank of Under Secretary, the USC(IT) is a Level III position within the Executive Schedule. Since January 2014, the annual rate of pay for Level III appointees is $167,000.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Treaties and Other International Acts Series", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	The Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS) are a series of pamphlets or slip treaties published by the United States Department of State under the authority of the United States Secretary of State. Pub. L. 89–497, 80 Stat. 271, enacted July 8, 1966, codified at 1 U.S.C. § 113, mentions them as alternatives to the edition of the laws and treaties of the United States published by Little and Brown and publications of the laws of the United States issued under the authority of the Archivist of the United States. Regulations on reporting are contained at 22 CFR 181. They replaced the Treaty Series (TS or USTS), issued singly in pamphlets until 1945, and the Executive Agreement Series (EAS), issued singly in pamphlets until 1945.	null	null	null	null	0
[ "Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	The Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs is a high-ranking position within United States Department of the Treasury that reports to, advises, and assists the Secretary of the Treasury and the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury on international economic issues and is often referred to as the U.S. Treasury’s top economic diplomat. As of January 13, 2023, the under secretary is Jay Shambaugh. The Under Secretary leads the development and implementation of policies in the areas of international finance, trade in financial services, investment, economic development, international debt. It also leads the development of policies on U.S. participation in the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the other multilateral development banks (including the Inter-American Development Bank, the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development). The Under Secretary also coordinates international economic policies with the G7 and G20.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs", "officeholder", "Andy Baukol" ]	Overview The Office of International Affairs (IA), led by the Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs, has oversight of the following:	null	null	null	null	3
[ "United States House Committee on Veterans' Affairs", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "List of ambassadors of the United States to Norway", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "List of ambassadors of the United States to Norway", "topic's main category", "Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Norway" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "List of ambassadors of the United States to Norway", "officeholder", "Marc Nathanson" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians", "significant event", "oral argument" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians", "significant event", "decision" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "Pardon of Richard Nixon", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	Proclamation 4311 was a presidential proclamation issued by President of the United States Gerald Ford on September 8, 1974, granting a full and unconditional pardon to Richard Nixon, his predecessor, for any crimes that he might have committed against the United States as president. In particular, the pardon covered Nixon's actions during the Watergate scandal. In a televised broadcast to the nation, Ford, who had succeeded to the presidency upon Nixon's resignation, explained that he felt the pardon was in the best interests of the country and that the Nixon family's situation was "a tragedy in which we all have played a part. It could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must."After Ford left the White House in 1977, he privately justified his pardon of Nixon by carrying in his wallet a portion of the text of Burdick v. United States, a 1915 U.S. Supreme Court case where the dictum stated that a pardon carries an imputation of guilt and that its acceptance carries a confession of guilt.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Washington National Guard", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	The Washington National Guard is one of the four elements of the State of Washington's Washington Military Department and a component of the National Guard of the United States. It is headquartered at Camp Murray, Washington and is defined by its state and federal mission. At the call of the Governor, the Washington National Guard will mobilize and deploy during times of state emergency to augment local jurisdictions and responders in their efforts to protect lives and property. The Washington National Guard is also subject to the call of the President of the United States to serve as part of the total U.S. Military force.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Washington National Guard", "applies to jurisdiction", "Washington" ]	The Washington National Guard is one of the four elements of the State of Washington's Washington Military Department and a component of the National Guard of the United States. It is headquartered at Camp Murray, Washington and is defined by its state and federal mission. At the call of the Governor, the Washington National Guard will mobilize and deploy during times of state emergency to augment local jurisdictions and responders in their efforts to protect lives and property. The Washington National Guard is also subject to the call of the President of the United States to serve as part of the total U.S. Military force.1885 Washington Territory Militia "officially" formed and recognized as the Washington National Guard in the Legislative Assembly of Washington Territory.1889 On November 11, 1889 Washington became a state.1890 State Legislature met and appropriated $20,319.33 for a "Brigade Encampment" to be held that summer. Completely uniformed and equipped for the first time, the Washington State National Guard trained on the shores of American Lake near Tacoma.1946–1960 Washington National Guard members involved in civil disturbance, labor conflicts, flooding assistance, fire fighting.1962–1979 Washington National Guard members involved in flooding assistance, fire fighting.1980 More than 2,000 members of the Washington National Guard are called to state active duty when Mount St. Helens erupted.1981–1990 Washington National Guard members involved in assistance to law enforcement, search and rescue, emergency recovery, flood assistance, etc.1990–1991 Washington National Guard members activated in support of Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm (Gulf War 1).1991–1996 Washington National Guard members serve in support of state missions involving winter storms, flooding assistance, fire fighting, etc.1997 Washington National Guard members deployed to Bosnia in Federal Active service as part of Operation Joint Guardian.	null	null	null	null	3
[ "Washington National Guard", "different from", "Washington State Guard" ]		null	null	null	null	9
[ "New Jersey v. T. L. O.", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	New Jersey v. T. L. O., 469 U.S. 325 (1985), is a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which established the standards by which a public school official can search a student in a school environment without a search warrant, and to what extent. The case centered around a student at Piscataway High School in Middlesex County, New Jersey, known then only by her initials T. L. O., who was searched for contraband after she was caught smoking in a school bathroom. She was sent to the principal's office, where the vice principal searched her purse and found marijuana, drug paraphernalia, and documentation of drug sales. She was suspended from the school and charged by police for the paraphernalia found in the search, but fought the charges on the basis that the search of her purse violated the Fourth Amendment's prohibition against unreasonable search and seizure. The New Jersey Superior Court affirmed the constitutionality of the search, but the Supreme Court of New Jersey reversed, holding that the search of her purse was unreasonable. On appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, the Court held that the Fourth Amendment applies to searches conducted by school officials in a school setting. However, school officials do not need to have probable cause nor obtain a warrant before searching a student. Instead, in order for a search to be justified, school officials must have "reasonable suspicion" that the student has violated either the law or school rules. In a 6–3 decision delivered by Justice Byron White, the Court ruled that the school's search of T. L. O.'s purse was constitutional, setting a new precedent for school searches and student privacy.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "New Jersey v. T. L. O.", "significant event", "oral argument" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "New Jersey v. T. L. O.", "main subject", "search and seizure" ]	New Jersey v. T. L. O., 469 U.S. 325 (1985), is a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which established the standards by which a public school official can search a student in a school environment without a search warrant, and to what extent. The case centered around a student at Piscataway High School in Middlesex County, New Jersey, known then only by her initials T. L. O., who was searched for contraband after she was caught smoking in a school bathroom. She was sent to the principal's office, where the vice principal searched her purse and found marijuana, drug paraphernalia, and documentation of drug sales. She was suspended from the school and charged by police for the paraphernalia found in the search, but fought the charges on the basis that the search of her purse violated the Fourth Amendment's prohibition against unreasonable search and seizure. The New Jersey Superior Court affirmed the constitutionality of the search, but the Supreme Court of New Jersey reversed, holding that the search of her purse was unreasonable. On appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, the Court held that the Fourth Amendment applies to searches conducted by school officials in a school setting. However, school officials do not need to have probable cause nor obtain a warrant before searching a student. Instead, in order for a search to be justified, school officials must have "reasonable suspicion" that the student has violated either the law or school rules. In a 6–3 decision delivered by Justice Byron White, the Court ruled that the school's search of T. L. O.'s purse was constitutional, setting a new precedent for school searches and student privacy.	null	null	null	null	8
[ "United States National Agricultural Library", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	The United States National Agricultural Library (NAL) is one of the world's largest agricultural research libraries, and serves as a national library of the United States and as the library of the United States Department of Agriculture. Located in Beltsville, Maryland, it is one of five national libraries of the United States (along with the Library of Congress, the National Library of Medicine, the National Transportation Library, and the National Library of Education). It is also the coordinator for the Agriculture Network Information Center (AgNIC), a national network of state land-grant institutions and coordinator for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) field libraries. NAL was established on May 15, 1862, by the signing of the Organic Act by Abraham Lincoln. It served as a departmental library until 1962, when the Secretary of Agriculture officially designated it as the National Agricultural Library. The first librarian, appointed in 1867, was Aaron B. Grosh, one of the founders of the National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry.	null	null	null	null	0
[ "United States National Agricultural Library", "topic's main category", "Category:United States National Agricultural Library" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "United States National Agricultural Library", "different from", "National Agricultural Library" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "United States National Agricultural Library", "participant of", "Biodiversity Heritage Library" ]		null	null	null	null	20
[ "2000 Hungarian presidential election", "applies to jurisdiction", "Hungary" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "2000 Hungarian presidential election", "followed by", "2005 Hungarian presidential election" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "2000 Hungarian presidential election", "follows", "1995 Hungarian presidential election" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "Contempt of Congress", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	Contempt of Congress is the act of obstructing the work of the United States Congress or one of its committees. Historically, the bribery of a U.S. senator or U.S. representative was considered contempt of Congress. In modern times, contempt of Congress has generally applied to the refusal to comply with a subpoena issued by a congressional committee or subcommittee—usually seeking to compel either testimony or the production of requested documents.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Delegación Nacional de Deportes", "applies to jurisdiction", "Spain" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Kellogg Bridge Co. v. Hamilton", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Proclamation 10043", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	Proclamation 10043 is a presidential proclamation signed by Donald Trump, the 45th US president, on May 29, 2020, in order to prohibit students in the People's Republic of China associated with the People's Liberation Army from obtaining F visas or J visas.	null	null	null	null	0
[ "Surgeon General of the United States Army", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Surgeon General of the United States Army", "topic's main category", "Category:Surgeons General of the United States Army" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest-ranking judicial body in the United States. Its membership, as set by the Judiciary Act of 1869, consists of the chief justice of the United States and eight associate justices, any six of whom constitute a quorum. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution grants plenary power to the President of the United States to nominate, and with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, appoint justices to the Supreme Court; justices have life tenure.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States", "topic's main category", "Category:Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Inspector General of the Department of the Air Force", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Form 1040", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	Form 1040 (officially, the "U.S. Individual Income Tax Return") is an IRS tax form used for personal federal income tax returns filed by United States residents. The form calculates the total taxable income of the taxpayer and determines how much is to be paid to or refunded by the government. Income tax returns for individual calendar year taxpayers are due by Tax Day, which is usually April 15 of the next year, except when April 15 falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or a legal holiday. In those circumstances, the returns are due on the next business day. An automatic extension until October 15 to file Form 1040 can be obtained by filing Form 4868. Form 1040 consists of two pages (23 lines in total) not counting attachments. The first page collects information about the taxpayer(s) and dependents. In particular, the taxpayer specifies his/her filing status on this page. The second page reports income, calculates the allowable deductions and credits, figures the tax due given adjusted income, and applies funds already withheld from wages or estimated payments made towards the tax liability. On the right side of the first page is the presidential election campaign fund checkoff, which allows individuals to designate that the federal government give $3 of the tax it receives to the presidential election campaign fund. Altogether, 142 million individual income tax returns were filed for the tax year 2018 (filing season 2019), 92% of which were filed electronically.	null	null	null	null	0
[ "2016 United States federal budget", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	The United States Federal Budget for fiscal year 2016 began as a budget proposed by President Barack Obama to fund government operations for October 1, 2015 – September 30, 2016. The requested budget was submitted to the 114th Congress on February 2, 2015. The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. The final funding package was passed as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, enacted on December 18, 2015.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "2016 United States federal budget", "follows", "2015 United States federal budget" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "2016 United States federal budget", "followed by", "2017 United States federal budget" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Skeyes", "applies to jurisdiction", "Belgium" ]	skeyes, formerly called Belgocontrol or in its complete form the Authority of airways (French: Régie des voies aériennes, Dutch: Regie der Luchtwegen), is the Belgian air navigation and traffic service provider for the civil airspace for which the Belgian State is responsible. It was created in 1998. skeyes is a member of the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO), and is integrated into the Functional Airspace Block Europe Central (FABEC).	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Magical Congress of the United States of America", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	The 1917 United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary, officially House Joint Resolution 169, was a resolution adopted by the United States Congress declaring that a state of war existed between the United States of America and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It occurred eight months after the earlier declaration of war against Germany that had brought the United States into World War I. Enacted on December 7, 1917 and coming into effect the same day, it was officially terminated in 1921, three years after the effective capitulation of Austria-Hungary.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Form W-4", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	Form W-4 (officially, the "Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate") is an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax form completed by an employee in the United States to indicate his or her tax situation (exemptions, status, etc.) to the employer. The W-4 form tells the employer the correct amount of federal tax to withhold from an employee's paycheck.Motivation The W-4 is based on the idea of "allowances"; the more allowances claimed, the less money the employer withholds for tax purposes. The W-4 Form is usually not sent to the IRS; rather, the employer uses the form in order to calculate how much of an employee's salary is withheld. An employee may claim allowances for oneself, one's spouse, and any dependents, along with other miscellaneous reasons, such as being single with only one job. In the latter case, this creates an oddity in that the employee will have one more exemption on the W-4 than on the 1040 tax return. This is not a tax deduction in itself, but a procedure to prevent under-withholding for those who do not qualify. Nevertheless, it is legal to have "self" and "one job" allowances from the highest paid job, provided that all other jobs have zero allowances. Each year, the IRS issues tax refunds to tens of millions of Americans. In 2011 alone, the IRS issued refunds to more than 100 million Americans. That means three out of four returns filed for 2011 called for money back. All told, the government sent about $318 billion to taxpayers, with the average refund being around $2,900. Claiming allowances on the W-4 and updating it frequently effectively lets the taxpayer claim refunds ahead of time, by not overpaying in the first place. Over-withholding can occur if, for example, an employee receives a one-time bonus, or only a partial year is worked, as it may only take into account the current paycheck, rather than the year-to-date amount. (I.e., withholding is calculated as if the employee earned this amount every payday on an annual basis.)	null	null	null	null	0
[ "Chef de Cabinet", "applies to jurisdiction", "Belgium" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Collective work (US)", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	A collective work in the copyright law of the United States is a work that contains the works of several authors assembled and published into a collective whole. The owner of the work has the property rights in the collective work, but the authors of the individual works may retain rights in their contributions. Electronic reproduction of the whole work is allowed, but electronic reproduction of the individual works on their own, outside the context of the work as a whole, may constitute an infringement of copyright.	null	null	null	null	0
[ "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	Presidential primaries and caucuses of the Republican Party took place in many U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories from February 3 to August 11, 2020, to elect most of the 2,550 delegates to send to the Republican National Convention. Delegates to the national convention in other states were elected by the respective state party organizations. The delegates to the national convention voted on the first ballot to select Donald Trump as the Republican Party's presidential nominee for president of the United States in the 2020 election, and selected Mike Pence as the vice-presidential nominee. President Donald Trump informally launched his bid for reelection on February 18, 2017. He launched his reelection campaign earlier in his presidency than any of his predecessors did. He was followed by former governor of Massachusetts Bill Weld, who announced his campaign on April 15, 2019, and former Illinois congressman Joe Walsh, who declared his candidacy on August 25, 2019. Former governor of South Carolina and U.S. representative Mark Sanford launched a primary challenge on September 8, 2019. In addition, businessman Rocky De La Fuente entered the race on May 16, 2019, but was not widely recognized as a major candidate. In February 2019, the Republican National Committee voted to provide undivided support to Trump. Several states canceled their primaries and caucuses. Other states were encouraged to use "winner-takes-all" or "winner-takes-most" systems to award delegates instead of using proportional allocation.Trump became the presumptive Republican presidential nominee on March 17, 2020, after securing a majority of pledged delegates. Donald Trump received over 18 million votes in the Republican primary, the most ever for an incumbent president in a primary.June June 2: Trump wins all 8 Super Tuesday primaries: Indiana, Maryland, Montana, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and the District of Columbia primaries. June 5: The Republican Party of Puerto Rico holds an online caucus vote of party leaders in lieu of an actual primary, binding its delegation to Trump. June 9: Trump won both Georgia and West Virginia primaries. June 20: The Reform Party nominates Rocky De La Fuente for President with Darcy Richardson as his running mate. June 23: Trump won the Kentucky primary.Primary and caucus calendar Some later primary and caucus dates may change depending on legislation passed before the scheduled primary dates. States designated with a "†" indicate that Trump ran unopposed.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries", "topic's main category", "Category:2020 United States Republican presidential primaries" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries", "followed by", "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries", "follows", "2016 Republican Party presidential primaries" ]		null	null	null	null	13
[ "List of ambassadors of Monaco to the United States", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "List of ambassadors of Monaco to the United States", "officeholder", "Maguy Maccario Doyle" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Murder of Sylvia Likens", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "REDMAP", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	REDMAP (short for Redistricting Majority Project) is a project of the Republican State Leadership Committee of the United States to increase Republican control of congressional seats as well as state legislatures, largely through determination of electoral district boundaries. The project has made effective use of partisan gerrymandering, by relying on previously unavailable mapping software such as Maptitude to improve the precision with which district lines are strategically drawn. The strategy was focused on swing blue states like Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, North Carolina, and Wisconsin where there was a Democratic majority but which they could swing towards Republican with appropriate redistricting. The project was launched in 2010 and estimated to have cost the Republican party around US$30 million.	null	null	null	null	0
[ "National Highway System Designation Act of 1995", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	The National Highway System (NHS) is a network of strategic highways within the United States, including the Interstate Highway System and other roads serving major airports, ports, military bases, rail or truck terminals, railway stations, pipeline terminals and other strategic transport facilities. Altogether, it constitutes the largest highway system in the world. Individual states are encouraged to focus federal funds on improving the efficiency and safety of this network. The roads within the system were identified by the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) in cooperation with the states, local officials, and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and approved by the United States Congress in 1995.Legislation The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) in 1991 established certain key routes such as the Interstate Highway System, be included. The act provided a framework to develop a National Intermodal Transportation System which "consists of all forms of transportation in a unified, interconnected manner, including the transportation systems of the future, to reduce energy consumption and air pollution while promoting economic development and supporting the Nation's preeminent position in international commerce".The National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–59 (text) (PDF), 109 Stat. 568) is a United States Act of Congress that was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on November 28, 1995. The legislation designated about 160,955 miles (259,032 km) of roads, including the Interstate Highway System, as the NHS. Aside from designating the system, the act served several other purposes, including restoring $5.4 billion in funding to state highway departments, giving Congress the power to prioritize highway system projects, repealing all federal speed limit controls, and prohibits the federal government from requiring states to use federal-aid highway funds to convert existing signs or purchase new signs with metric units.The act also created a State Infrastructure Bank pilot program. Ten states were chosen in 1996 for this new method of road financing. These banks would lend money like regular banks, with funding coming from the federal government or the private sector, and they would be repaid through such means as highway tolls or taxes. In 1997, 28 more states asked to be part of the program. Ohio was the first state to use a state infrastructure bank to start building a road. An advantage of this method was completing projects faster; state laws and the lack of appropriate projects were potential problems.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2018", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2018", "main subject", "carbon tax" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2018", "followed by", "Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019" ]	The Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019 (H.R. 763) is a bill in the United States House of Representatives that proposes a fee on carbon at the point of extraction to encourage market-driven innovation of clean energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The fees are recycled to citizens in monthly dividends. The act was originally introduced in 2018 with bipartisan support from six co-sponsors and died when the 115th congress ended on 3 January 2019. It is principally based on Citizens' Climate Lobby's carbon fee and dividend proposal, and this organization advocates for the bill.On 24 January 2019, the bill was introduced into the house by Representative Ted Deutch on behalf of himself and six other original cosponsors.The bill obtained 86 cosponsors but was not voted on. On April 1, 2021, the bill was reintroduced in the 117th Congress as H.R. 2307, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2021.	null	null	null	null	6
[ "Senate of Finland", "applies to jurisdiction", "Finland" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Senate of Finland", "has part(s) of the class", "Member of the Senate of Finland" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Middle East Broadcasting Networks", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Lifting Self-Imposed Restrictions on the U.S.-Taiwan Relationship", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Lifting Self-Imposed Restrictions on the U.S.-Taiwan Relationship", "main subject", "Taiwan–United States relations" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]	The federal government of the United States initially responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country with various declarations of emergency, some of which led to travel and entry restrictions and the formation of the White House Coronavirus Task Force. As the pandemic progressed in the U.S. and globally, the U.S. government began issuing recommendations regarding the response by state and local governments, as well as social distancing measures and workplace hazard controls. State governments play a primary role in adopting policies to address the pandemic. Following the closure of most businesses throughout a number of U.S. states, President Donald Trump announced the mobilization of the National Guard in the most affected areas. In March and April 2020, the U.S. Congress passed a few major stimulus packages as part of an aggressive effort to fight both the pandemic and its economic impact. President Trump signed two major stimulus packages: the CARES Act and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021. Other proposed acts of legislation to provide economic relief were made within both the House of Representatives and the Senate, with influence from the White House. In addition, other federal policy changes have been made by a number of departments—some at the direction of President Trump, as well as his successor Joe Biden. The Trump administration's communication regarding the pandemic generated negative responses. Trump was initially described as optimistic about the country's response to the pandemic and the threat level the coronavirus disease 2019 presented the public. As the pandemic's severity escalated in the U.S., Trump repeatedly made false or misleading statements. In contrast, officials within the Trump administration made numerous statements in support of physical distancing measures and business closures.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "different from", "U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic" ]	The federal government of the United States initially responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country with various declarations of emergency, some of which led to travel and entry restrictions and the formation of the White House Coronavirus Task Force. As the pandemic progressed in the U.S. and globally, the U.S. government began issuing recommendations regarding the response by state and local governments, as well as social distancing measures and workplace hazard controls. State governments play a primary role in adopting policies to address the pandemic. Following the closure of most businesses throughout a number of U.S. states, President Donald Trump announced the mobilization of the National Guard in the most affected areas. In March and April 2020, the U.S. Congress passed a few major stimulus packages as part of an aggressive effort to fight both the pandemic and its economic impact. President Trump signed two major stimulus packages: the CARES Act and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021. Other proposed acts of legislation to provide economic relief were made within both the House of Representatives and the Senate, with influence from the White House. In addition, other federal policy changes have been made by a number of departments—some at the direction of President Trump, as well as his successor Joe Biden. The Trump administration's communication regarding the pandemic generated negative responses. Trump was initially described as optimistic about the country's response to the pandemic and the threat level the coronavirus disease 2019 presented the public. As the pandemic's severity escalated in the U.S., Trump repeatedly made false or misleading statements. In contrast, officials within the Trump administration made numerous statements in support of physical distancing measures and business closures.	null	null	null	null	2
[ "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "cause", "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Bureau of Labor Standards", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Konstfack", "applies to jurisdiction", "Sweden" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Konstfack", "founded by", "Nils Månsson Mandelgren" ]	History Konstfack has had several different names since it was founded in 1844 by the ethnologist and artist Nils Månsson Mandelgren as a part-time art school for artisans, under the name "Söndags-Rit-skola för Handtverkare" ("Sunday Drawing School for Artisans"). The school was taken over by Svenska Slöjdföreningen (today known as Svensk form) the next year and renamed Svenska Slöjdföreningens skola. In 1857, the first two female students (Sofi Granberg and Matilda Andersson) were accepted, and the following year female students officially were invited to apply.It became a state school and was renamed Slöjdskolan i Stockholm (Handicraft School in Stockholm) in 1859; and in the context of a thorough reorganisation, where the school was divided into four departments in 1879, to Tekniska skolan (The Technical School). From 1945 it was known as Konstfackskolan (The school of art departments), when the institution was divided into the departments devoted to distinct disciplines that remain largely today: Textile, Decorative art, Sculpture, Ceramics, Furniture and Interior Design, Metal and Advertising and Printing. The school also obtained official status and had a two-year day school and a three-year arts and craft evening school. To this was added a two-year higher Arts and Crafts school and a three-year Art Teacher institute. It was given the status of a högskola ("university college") in 1978. From 1993 it was called Konstfack, the short form of the full name, formerly used colloquially.Long located on Norrmalm, between Klara kyrka and Hötorget, the school was in 1959 moved to a new building on Valhallavägen with well-equipped workshops, designed by architects Gösta Åberg and Tage Hertzell. In 2004 it once again moved, to the former headquarters of LM Ericsson at Telefonplan in South Stockholm. The 20,300-square metre interior of the old factory building was redesigned by architects including Gert Wingårdh.	null	null	null	null	6
[ "Konstfack", "topic's main category", "Category:Konstfack" ]		null	null	null	null	16
[ "Karlstad University", "applies to jurisdiction", "Sweden" ]	Ingesund School of Music The Ingesund School of Music is part of Karlstad University and the Department of Artistic Studies. It is situated in the beautiful Arvika area in mid-Sweden. The school offers music teacher education, music studies, and sound engineering.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Karlstad University", "follows", "Karlstad University College" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences", "applies to jurisdiction", "Sweden" ]	The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (Swedish: Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH) in Stockholm is a Swedish institution offering higher education in the fields of teaching profession in Physical Education, Sports coaching and Preventive health. The school offers both programmes and courses. It was founded as the Royal Central Gymnastics Institute (Swedish: Kungliga Gymnastiska Centralinstitutet, GCI) in 1813 by Per Henrik Ling, which makes it the oldest university college in the world within the field of human movement sciences.	null	null	null	null	2
[ "Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences", "founded by", "Pehr Henrik Ling" ]	The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (Swedish: Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH) in Stockholm is a Swedish institution offering higher education in the fields of teaching profession in Physical Education, Sports coaching and Preventive health. The school offers both programmes and courses. It was founded as the Royal Central Gymnastics Institute (Swedish: Kungliga Gymnastiska Centralinstitutet, GCI) in 1813 by Per Henrik Ling, which makes it the oldest university college in the world within the field of human movement sciences.	null	null	null	null	6
[ "Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences", "topic's main category", "Category:Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences" ]		null	null	null	null	14
[ "Swedish National Space Agency", "applies to jurisdiction", "Sweden" ]	The Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA, Swedish: Rymdstyrelsen) is a Government agency in Sweden operating under the Swedish Ministry of Education and Science. SNSA operates as a key component of the Swedish space programme, which is mostly carried out through international cooperation, and has included a sequence of satellite missions, both national ones and in cooperation with other nations. Furthermore, the agency distributes government grants to research and development, initiates research and development in space and remote sensing, and acts as the Swedish contact in international cooperative efforts. By the 2010s, it had a yearly budget of approximately 900 Mkr (100 M€), about 70% of which being used to support various programmes performed by the European Space Agency (ESA) that had been deemed to be of importance to Sweden. As of 2018, SNSA comprised a total of 21 permanent employees, the majority operating from its office in the Solna Municipality of Stockholm, Sweden. Rymdstyrelsen changed its English name from the Swedish National Space Board to the Swedish National Space Agency in 2018.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Linnaeus University", "applies to jurisdiction", "Sweden" ]		null	null	null	null	0
[ "Linnaeus University", "replaces", "Växjö University" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "Linnaeus University", "replaces", "Kalmar University" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "Linnaeus University", "topic's main category", "Category:Linnaeus University" ]		null	null	null	null	9
[ "White Guard (Finland)", "applies to jurisdiction", "Finland" ]	The White Guard or Civil Guard (Finnish: Suojeluskunta, IPA: [ˈsuo̯jelusˌkuntɑ]; Swedish: Skyddskår; lit. 'Protection Corps') was a voluntary militia, part of the Finnish Whites movement, that emerged victorious over the socialist Red Guards in the Finnish Civil War of 1918. They were generally known as the "White Guard" in the West due to their opposition to the "communist" Red Guards. In the White Army of Finland many participants were recruits, draftees and German-trained Jägers – rather than part of the paramilitary. The central organization was named the White Guard Organization, and the organization consisted of local chapters in municipalities. The Russian revolution of 1905 led to social and political unrest and a breakdown of security in Finland, which was then a Grand Duchy under the rule of the Russian Tsar. Citizen militias formed as a response, but soon these would be transformed along political (left-right) lines. The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent independence of Finland (declared in December 1917) also caused conflicts in the country. On January 27, 1918, the Finnish government ordered the disarming of all remaining Russian garrisons by the forces of the White Guard, and on the same day the Reds proclaimed revolution, leading to a bloody civil war. White Guards, led by General Gustaf Mannerheim, constituted the bulk of the victorious White Army during the Finnish Civil War (1918). After the war the Finnish Defence Forces and a regular police service were founded. From 1919–1934 White Guards were considered a voluntary part of the army, and separate Guard formations served in the reserve, but in 1934 all defence was consolidated into the regular army and the Guard became a voluntary defence-training organization only. Politically it was neutral, although unofficially it was anti-leftist, clearly anti-Communist, conservative, largely rejected by the labour movement and by the political left. Units of it formed the main forces of the Lapua Movement's abortive coup d'état (the Mäntsälä Rebellion) in 1932, however only a small fraction of the Guard participated and the majority of it stayed loyal to the government. White Guardsmen served in the regular army during the Second World War. The White Guard was disbanded according to the terms of the 1947 Finno-Soviet peace treaty after the Second World War. Similar militias operated in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, lands that, like Finland, came under Russian sovereignty until the collapse of Tsarist Russia in 1917. These militias remained in existence until World War II, evolving somewhat into home-guard militias. The phenomenon should be distinguished from the Freikorps established in Germany after its defeat in World War I, although some similarities exist.	null	null	null	null	2
[ "White Guard (Finland)", "topic's main category", "Category:Suojeluskuntajärjestö" ]	The White Guard or Civil Guard (Finnish: Suojeluskunta, IPA: [ˈsuo̯jelusˌkuntɑ]; Swedish: Skyddskår; lit. 'Protection Corps') was a voluntary militia, part of the Finnish Whites movement, that emerged victorious over the socialist Red Guards in the Finnish Civil War of 1918. They were generally known as the "White Guard" in the West due to their opposition to the "communist" Red Guards. In the White Army of Finland many participants were recruits, draftees and German-trained Jägers – rather than part of the paramilitary. The central organization was named the White Guard Organization, and the organization consisted of local chapters in municipalities. The Russian revolution of 1905 led to social and political unrest and a breakdown of security in Finland, which was then a Grand Duchy under the rule of the Russian Tsar. Citizen militias formed as a response, but soon these would be transformed along political (left-right) lines. The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent independence of Finland (declared in December 1917) also caused conflicts in the country. On January 27, 1918, the Finnish government ordered the disarming of all remaining Russian garrisons by the forces of the White Guard, and on the same day the Reds proclaimed revolution, leading to a bloody civil war. White Guards, led by General Gustaf Mannerheim, constituted the bulk of the victorious White Army during the Finnish Civil War (1918). After the war the Finnish Defence Forces and a regular police service were founded. From 1919–1934 White Guards were considered a voluntary part of the army, and separate Guard formations served in the reserve, but in 1934 all defence was consolidated into the regular army and the Guard became a voluntary defence-training organization only. Politically it was neutral, although unofficially it was anti-leftist, clearly anti-Communist, conservative, largely rejected by the labour movement and by the political left. Units of it formed the main forces of the Lapua Movement's abortive coup d'état (the Mäntsälä Rebellion) in 1932, however only a small fraction of the Guard participated and the majority of it stayed loyal to the government. White Guardsmen served in the regular army during the Second World War. The White Guard was disbanded according to the terms of the 1947 Finno-Soviet peace treaty after the Second World War. Similar militias operated in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, lands that, like Finland, came under Russian sovereignty until the collapse of Tsarist Russia in 1917. These militias remained in existence until World War II, evolving somewhat into home-guard militias. The phenomenon should be distinguished from the Freikorps established in Germany after its defeat in World War I, although some similarities exist.	null	null	null	null	6
[ "Police University College (Finland)", "applies to jurisdiction", "Finland" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency", "applies to jurisdiction", "Finland" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency", "founded by", "Government of Finland" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency", "replaces", "Finnish Rail Administration" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency", "replaces", "Finnish Maritime Administration" ]		null	null	null	null	11
[ "Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency", "replaces", "Finnish Road Administration" ]		null	null	null	null	12

[ "Social Security Wage Base", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

0

[ "Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp.", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574 (1986), was an antitrust case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. It raised the standard for surviving summary judgment to unambiguous evidence that tends to exclude an innocent interpretation. Specifically, the issue was whether there was a horizontal "agreement" between Matsushita Electric and other Japanese television manufacturers. The Court held that the evidence must tend to exclude the possibility of independent action to be sufficient to survive summary judgment.

null

1

[ "Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp.", "significant event", "oral argument" ]

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8

[ "Wex", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "2015 United States federal budget", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "2015 United States federal budget", "follows", "2014 United States federal budget" ]

null

2

[ "2015 United States federal budget", "followed by", "2016 United States federal budget" ]

null

3

[ "Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "Interests Section of Iran in the United States", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "Tax protester history in the United States", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

Notable tax protesters Some people who do not pay income taxes have been able to do so successfully for many years. Others have been arrested for tax evasion or other tax crimes, and have been prosecuted, convicted and imprisoned. The following sections describe some notable proponents of tax protester arguments (in the narrow legal sense of arguments that are legally frivolous).

null

1

[ "Appointment of Justices", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "U.S. ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "Under Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

The Under Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs is a high-ranking position within the United States Department of Agriculture that supervises policy development and day-to-day operations of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the Agricultural Marketing Service, and the Grain Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards Administration. The three agencies were appropriated over $800 million by Congress in fiscal year 2004.The Agricultural Marketing Service administers programs that attempt to facilitate the fair marketing of U.S. agricultural products. The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service attempts to safeguard America's resources from exotic invasive pests and diseases and monitor and manage agricultural pests and diseases existing in the United States. It also resolves and manages trade issues related to animal or plant health, and ensures the humane care and treatment of animals. The Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration attempts to facilitate the marketing of livestock, poultry, meat, cereals, oilseeds, and related agricultural products, and promote fair and competitive trading practices.In April 2021, Jenny Lester Moffitt was nominated as Under Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs. The former Under Secretary Greg Ibach was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on October 26, 2017. Previous incumbent Bruce I. Knight was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on August 6, 2006. Former Under Secretaries include Bill Hawks, who served from April 2001 until June 2005, Islam "Isa" A. Siddiqui, whose recess appointment was announced by President Bill Clinton on December 29, 2000, and Michael V. Dunn, who served from November 1998 until April 2000.The position was created by the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 1999, which was signed on October 21, 1998 by President Clinton. Prior to this act, there had been an Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs, which was abolished. The Under Secretary is appointed by the President with the confirmation of the Senate.

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1

[ "Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

Leadership The ITA was created on January 2, 1980 and is headed by the Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade (USC(IT)), the principal adviser to the Secretary of Commerce on American imports and exports. The Under Secretary is the head of the International Trade Administration within the Commerce Department. The Under Secretary is appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate. The last presidential appointee was Gilbert B. Kaplan, who was nominated by President Trump for the position of Under Secretary for International Trade on April 11, 2017, and confirmed by the Senate on March 13, 2018. Gilbert Kaplan left the position in late 2019. Joseph C. Semsar is currently Acting Under Secretary.Overview The Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade is the principal officer of the United States Department of Commerce charged with promoting American exports and assisting general international trade. As the Administrator of the International Trade Administration, the Under Secretary also sits on the board of directors of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, and serves as a member of the Tourism Policy Council and the National Intellectual Property Council. The Under Secretary participates in the development of United States trade policy, identifies and resolves market access and compliance issues, administers American trade laws, and undertakes a range of trade promotion and trade advocacy efforts. With the rank of Under Secretary, the USC(IT) is a Level III position within the Executive Schedule. Since January 2014, the annual rate of pay for Level III appointees is $167,000.

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1

[ "Treaties and Other International Acts Series", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

The Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS) are a series of pamphlets or slip treaties published by the United States Department of State under the authority of the United States Secretary of State. Pub. L. 89–497, 80 Stat. 271, enacted July 8, 1966, codified at 1 U.S.C. § 113, mentions them as alternatives to the edition of the laws and treaties of the United States published by Little and Brown and publications of the laws of the United States issued under the authority of the Archivist of the United States. Regulations on reporting are contained at 22 CFR 181. They replaced the Treaty Series (TS or USTS), issued singly in pamphlets until 1945, and the Executive Agreement Series (EAS), issued singly in pamphlets until 1945.

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0

[ "Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

The Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs is a high-ranking position within United States Department of the Treasury that reports to, advises, and assists the Secretary of the Treasury and the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury on international economic issues and is often referred to as the U.S. Treasury’s top economic diplomat. As of January 13, 2023, the under secretary is Jay Shambaugh. The Under Secretary leads the development and implementation of policies in the areas of international finance, trade in financial services, investment, economic development, international debt. It also leads the development of policies on U.S. participation in the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the other multilateral development banks (including the Inter-American Development Bank, the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development). The Under Secretary also coordinates international economic policies with the G7 and G20.

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1

[ "Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs", "officeholder", "Andy Baukol" ]

Overview The Office of International Affairs (IA), led by the Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs, has oversight of the following:

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3

[ "United States House Committee on Veterans' Affairs", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "List of ambassadors of the United States to Norway", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

2

[ "List of ambassadors of the United States to Norway", "topic's main category", "Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Norway" ]

null

4

[ "List of ambassadors of the United States to Norway", "officeholder", "Marc Nathanson" ]

null

5

[ "United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians", "significant event", "oral argument" ]

null

7

[ "United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians", "significant event", "decision" ]

null

8

[ "Pardon of Richard Nixon", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

Proclamation 4311 was a presidential proclamation issued by President of the United States Gerald Ford on September 8, 1974, granting a full and unconditional pardon to Richard Nixon, his predecessor, for any crimes that he might have committed against the United States as president. In particular, the pardon covered Nixon's actions during the Watergate scandal. In a televised broadcast to the nation, Ford, who had succeeded to the presidency upon Nixon's resignation, explained that he felt the pardon was in the best interests of the country and that the Nixon family's situation was "a tragedy in which we all have played a part. It could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must."After Ford left the White House in 1977, he privately justified his pardon of Nixon by carrying in his wallet a portion of the text of Burdick v. United States, a 1915 U.S. Supreme Court case where the dictum stated that a pardon carries an imputation of guilt and that its acceptance carries a confession of guilt.

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1

[ "Washington National Guard", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

The Washington National Guard is one of the four elements of the State of Washington's Washington Military Department and a component of the National Guard of the United States. It is headquartered at Camp Murray, Washington and is defined by its state and federal mission. At the call of the Governor, the Washington National Guard will mobilize and deploy during times of state emergency to augment local jurisdictions and responders in their efforts to protect lives and property. The Washington National Guard is also subject to the call of the President of the United States to serve as part of the total U.S. Military force.

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1

[ "Washington National Guard", "applies to jurisdiction", "Washington" ]

The Washington National Guard is one of the four elements of the State of Washington's Washington Military Department and a component of the National Guard of the United States. It is headquartered at Camp Murray, Washington and is defined by its state and federal mission. At the call of the Governor, the Washington National Guard will mobilize and deploy during times of state emergency to augment local jurisdictions and responders in their efforts to protect lives and property. The Washington National Guard is also subject to the call of the President of the United States to serve as part of the total U.S. Military force.1885 Washington Territory Militia "officially" formed and recognized as the Washington National Guard in the Legislative Assembly of Washington Territory.1889 On November 11, 1889 Washington became a state.1890 State Legislature met and appropriated $20,319.33 for a "Brigade Encampment" to be held that summer. Completely uniformed and equipped for the first time, the Washington State National Guard trained on the shores of American Lake near Tacoma.1946–1960 Washington National Guard members involved in civil disturbance, labor conflicts, flooding assistance, fire fighting.1962–1979 Washington National Guard members involved in flooding assistance, fire fighting.1980 More than 2,000 members of the Washington National Guard are called to state active duty when Mount St. Helens erupted.1981–1990 Washington National Guard members involved in assistance to law enforcement, search and rescue, emergency recovery, flood assistance, etc.1990–1991 Washington National Guard members activated in support of Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm (Gulf War 1).1991–1996 Washington National Guard members serve in support of state missions involving winter storms, flooding assistance, fire fighting, etc.1997 Washington National Guard members deployed to Bosnia in Federal Active service as part of Operation Joint Guardian.

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3

[ "Washington National Guard", "different from", "Washington State Guard" ]

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9

[ "New Jersey v. T. L. O.", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

New Jersey v. T. L. O., 469 U.S. 325 (1985), is a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which established the standards by which a public school official can search a student in a school environment without a search warrant, and to what extent. The case centered around a student at Piscataway High School in Middlesex County, New Jersey, known then only by her initials T. L. O., who was searched for contraband after she was caught smoking in a school bathroom. She was sent to the principal's office, where the vice principal searched her purse and found marijuana, drug paraphernalia, and documentation of drug sales. She was suspended from the school and charged by police for the paraphernalia found in the search, but fought the charges on the basis that the search of her purse violated the Fourth Amendment's prohibition against unreasonable search and seizure. The New Jersey Superior Court affirmed the constitutionality of the search, but the Supreme Court of New Jersey reversed, holding that the search of her purse was unreasonable. On appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, the Court held that the Fourth Amendment applies to searches conducted by school officials in a school setting. However, school officials do not need to have probable cause nor obtain a warrant before searching a student. Instead, in order for a search to be justified, school officials must have "reasonable suspicion" that the student has violated either the law or school rules. In a 6–3 decision delivered by Justice Byron White, the Court ruled that the school's search of T. L. O.'s purse was constitutional, setting a new precedent for school searches and student privacy.

null

1

[ "New Jersey v. T. L. O.", "significant event", "oral argument" ]

null

4

[ "New Jersey v. T. L. O.", "main subject", "search and seizure" ]

New Jersey v. T. L. O., 469 U.S. 325 (1985), is a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which established the standards by which a public school official can search a student in a school environment without a search warrant, and to what extent. The case centered around a student at Piscataway High School in Middlesex County, New Jersey, known then only by her initials T. L. O., who was searched for contraband after she was caught smoking in a school bathroom. She was sent to the principal's office, where the vice principal searched her purse and found marijuana, drug paraphernalia, and documentation of drug sales. She was suspended from the school and charged by police for the paraphernalia found in the search, but fought the charges on the basis that the search of her purse violated the Fourth Amendment's prohibition against unreasonable search and seizure. The New Jersey Superior Court affirmed the constitutionality of the search, but the Supreme Court of New Jersey reversed, holding that the search of her purse was unreasonable. On appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, the Court held that the Fourth Amendment applies to searches conducted by school officials in a school setting. However, school officials do not need to have probable cause nor obtain a warrant before searching a student. Instead, in order for a search to be justified, school officials must have "reasonable suspicion" that the student has violated either the law or school rules. In a 6–3 decision delivered by Justice Byron White, the Court ruled that the school's search of T. L. O.'s purse was constitutional, setting a new precedent for school searches and student privacy.

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8

[ "United States National Agricultural Library", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

The United States National Agricultural Library (NAL) is one of the world's largest agricultural research libraries, and serves as a national library of the United States and as the library of the United States Department of Agriculture. Located in Beltsville, Maryland, it is one of five national libraries of the United States (along with the Library of Congress, the National Library of Medicine, the National Transportation Library, and the National Library of Education). It is also the coordinator for the Agriculture Network Information Center (AgNIC), a national network of state land-grant institutions and coordinator for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) field libraries. NAL was established on May 15, 1862, by the signing of the Organic Act by Abraham Lincoln. It served as a departmental library until 1962, when the Secretary of Agriculture officially designated it as the National Agricultural Library. The first librarian, appointed in 1867, was Aaron B. Grosh, one of the founders of the National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry.

null

0

[ "United States National Agricultural Library", "topic's main category", "Category:United States National Agricultural Library" ]

null

2

[ "United States National Agricultural Library", "different from", "National Agricultural Library" ]

null

8

[ "United States National Agricultural Library", "participant of", "Biodiversity Heritage Library" ]

null

20

[ "2000 Hungarian presidential election", "applies to jurisdiction", "Hungary" ]

null

1

[ "2000 Hungarian presidential election", "followed by", "2005 Hungarian presidential election" ]

null

6

[ "2000 Hungarian presidential election", "follows", "1995 Hungarian presidential election" ]

null

8

[ "Contempt of Congress", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

Contempt of Congress is the act of obstructing the work of the United States Congress or one of its committees. Historically, the bribery of a U.S. senator or U.S. representative was considered contempt of Congress. In modern times, contempt of Congress has generally applied to the refusal to comply with a subpoena issued by a congressional committee or subcommittee—usually seeking to compel either testimony or the production of requested documents.

null

1

[ "Delegación Nacional de Deportes", "applies to jurisdiction", "Spain" ]

null

1

[ "Kellogg Bridge Co. v. Hamilton", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "Proclamation 10043", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

Proclamation 10043 is a presidential proclamation signed by Donald Trump, the 45th US president, on May 29, 2020, in order to prohibit students in the People's Republic of China associated with the People's Liberation Army from obtaining F visas or J visas.

null

0

[ "Surgeon General of the United States Army", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "Surgeon General of the United States Army", "topic's main category", "Category:Surgeons General of the United States Army" ]

null

10

[ "Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest-ranking judicial body in the United States. Its membership, as set by the Judiciary Act of 1869, consists of the chief justice of the United States and eight associate justices, any six of whom constitute a quorum. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution grants plenary power to the President of the United States to nominate, and with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, appoint justices to the Supreme Court; justices have life tenure.

null

1

[ "Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States", "topic's main category", "Category:Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States" ]

null

5

[ "Inspector General of the Department of the Air Force", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "Form 1040", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

Form 1040 (officially, the "U.S. Individual Income Tax Return") is an IRS tax form used for personal federal income tax returns filed by United States residents. The form calculates the total taxable income of the taxpayer and determines how much is to be paid to or refunded by the government. Income tax returns for individual calendar year taxpayers are due by Tax Day, which is usually April 15 of the next year, except when April 15 falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or a legal holiday. In those circumstances, the returns are due on the next business day. An automatic extension until October 15 to file Form 1040 can be obtained by filing Form 4868. Form 1040 consists of two pages (23 lines in total) not counting attachments. The first page collects information about the taxpayer(s) and dependents. In particular, the taxpayer specifies his/her filing status on this page. The second page reports income, calculates the allowable deductions and credits, figures the tax due given adjusted income, and applies funds already withheld from wages or estimated payments made towards the tax liability. On the right side of the first page is the presidential election campaign fund checkoff, which allows individuals to designate that the federal government give $3 of the tax it receives to the presidential election campaign fund. Altogether, 142 million individual income tax returns were filed for the tax year 2018 (filing season 2019), 92% of which were filed electronically.

null

0

[ "2016 United States federal budget", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

The United States Federal Budget for fiscal year 2016 began as a budget proposed by President Barack Obama to fund government operations for October 1, 2015 – September 30, 2016. The requested budget was submitted to the 114th Congress on February 2, 2015. The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. The final funding package was passed as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, enacted on December 18, 2015.

null

1

[ "2016 United States federal budget", "follows", "2015 United States federal budget" ]

null

2

[ "2016 United States federal budget", "followed by", "2017 United States federal budget" ]

null

3

[ "Skeyes", "applies to jurisdiction", "Belgium" ]

skeyes, formerly called Belgocontrol or in its complete form the Authority of airways (French: Régie des voies aériennes, Dutch: Regie der Luchtwegen), is the Belgian air navigation and traffic service provider for the civil airspace for which the Belgian State is responsible. It was created in 1998. skeyes is a member of the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO), and is integrated into the Functional Airspace Block Europe Central (FABEC).

null

1

[ "Magical Congress of the United States of America", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

The 1917 United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary, officially House Joint Resolution 169, was a resolution adopted by the United States Congress declaring that a state of war existed between the United States of America and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It occurred eight months after the earlier declaration of war against Germany that had brought the United States into World War I. Enacted on December 7, 1917 and coming into effect the same day, it was officially terminated in 1921, three years after the effective capitulation of Austria-Hungary.

null

1

[ "Form W-4", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

Form W-4 (officially, the "Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate") is an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax form completed by an employee in the United States to indicate his or her tax situation (exemptions, status, etc.) to the employer. The W-4 form tells the employer the correct amount of federal tax to withhold from an employee's paycheck.Motivation The W-4 is based on the idea of "allowances"; the more allowances claimed, the less money the employer withholds for tax purposes. The W-4 Form is usually not sent to the IRS; rather, the employer uses the form in order to calculate how much of an employee's salary is withheld. An employee may claim allowances for oneself, one's spouse, and any dependents, along with other miscellaneous reasons, such as being single with only one job. In the latter case, this creates an oddity in that the employee will have one more exemption on the W-4 than on the 1040 tax return. This is not a tax deduction in itself, but a procedure to prevent under-withholding for those who do not qualify. Nevertheless, it is legal to have "self" and "one job" allowances from the highest paid job, provided that all other jobs have zero allowances. Each year, the IRS issues tax refunds to tens of millions of Americans. In 2011 alone, the IRS issued refunds to more than 100 million Americans. That means three out of four returns filed for 2011 called for money back. All told, the government sent about $318 billion to taxpayers, with the average refund being around $2,900. Claiming allowances on the W-4 and updating it frequently effectively lets the taxpayer claim refunds ahead of time, by not overpaying in the first place. Over-withholding can occur if, for example, an employee receives a one-time bonus, or only a partial year is worked, as it may only take into account the current paycheck, rather than the year-to-date amount. (I.e., withholding is calculated as if the employee earned this amount every payday on an annual basis.)

null

0

[ "Chef de Cabinet", "applies to jurisdiction", "Belgium" ]

null

1

[ "Collective work (US)", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

A collective work in the copyright law of the United States is a work that contains the works of several authors assembled and published into a collective whole. The owner of the work has the property rights in the collective work, but the authors of the individual works may retain rights in their contributions. Electronic reproduction of the whole work is allowed, but electronic reproduction of the individual works on their own, outside the context of the work as a whole, may constitute an infringement of copyright.

null

0

[ "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

Presidential primaries and caucuses of the Republican Party took place in many U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories from February 3 to August 11, 2020, to elect most of the 2,550 delegates to send to the Republican National Convention. Delegates to the national convention in other states were elected by the respective state party organizations. The delegates to the national convention voted on the first ballot to select Donald Trump as the Republican Party's presidential nominee for president of the United States in the 2020 election, and selected Mike Pence as the vice-presidential nominee. President Donald Trump informally launched his bid for reelection on February 18, 2017. He launched his reelection campaign earlier in his presidency than any of his predecessors did. He was followed by former governor of Massachusetts Bill Weld, who announced his campaign on April 15, 2019, and former Illinois congressman Joe Walsh, who declared his candidacy on August 25, 2019. Former governor of South Carolina and U.S. representative Mark Sanford launched a primary challenge on September 8, 2019. In addition, businessman Rocky De La Fuente entered the race on May 16, 2019, but was not widely recognized as a major candidate. In February 2019, the Republican National Committee voted to provide undivided support to Trump. Several states canceled their primaries and caucuses. Other states were encouraged to use "winner-takes-all" or "winner-takes-most" systems to award delegates instead of using proportional allocation.Trump became the presumptive Republican presidential nominee on March 17, 2020, after securing a majority of pledged delegates. Donald Trump received over 18 million votes in the Republican primary, the most ever for an incumbent president in a primary.June June 2: Trump wins all 8 Super Tuesday primaries: Indiana, Maryland, Montana, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and the District of Columbia primaries. June 5: The Republican Party of Puerto Rico holds an online caucus vote of party leaders in lieu of an actual primary, binding its delegation to Trump. June 9: Trump won both Georgia and West Virginia primaries. June 20: The Reform Party nominates Rocky De La Fuente for President with Darcy Richardson as his running mate. June 23: Trump won the Kentucky primary.Primary and caucus calendar Some later primary and caucus dates may change depending on legislation passed before the scheduled primary dates. States designated with a "†" indicate that Trump ran unopposed.

null

1

[ "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries", "topic's main category", "Category:2020 United States Republican presidential primaries" ]

null

7

[ "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries", "followed by", "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries" ]

null

8

[ "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries", "follows", "2016 Republican Party presidential primaries" ]

null

13

[ "List of ambassadors of Monaco to the United States", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "List of ambassadors of Monaco to the United States", "officeholder", "Maguy Maccario Doyle" ]

null

4

[ "Murder of Sylvia Likens", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

2

[ "REDMAP", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

REDMAP (short for Redistricting Majority Project) is a project of the Republican State Leadership Committee of the United States to increase Republican control of congressional seats as well as state legislatures, largely through determination of electoral district boundaries. The project has made effective use of partisan gerrymandering, by relying on previously unavailable mapping software such as Maptitude to improve the precision with which district lines are strategically drawn. The strategy was focused on swing blue states like Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, North Carolina, and Wisconsin where there was a Democratic majority but which they could swing towards Republican with appropriate redistricting. The project was launched in 2010 and estimated to have cost the Republican party around US$30 million.

null

0

[ "National Highway System Designation Act of 1995", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

The National Highway System (NHS) is a network of strategic highways within the United States, including the Interstate Highway System and other roads serving major airports, ports, military bases, rail or truck terminals, railway stations, pipeline terminals and other strategic transport facilities. Altogether, it constitutes the largest highway system in the world. Individual states are encouraged to focus federal funds on improving the efficiency and safety of this network. The roads within the system were identified by the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) in cooperation with the states, local officials, and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and approved by the United States Congress in 1995.Legislation The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) in 1991 established certain key routes such as the Interstate Highway System, be included. The act provided a framework to develop a National Intermodal Transportation System which "consists of all forms of transportation in a unified, interconnected manner, including the transportation systems of the future, to reduce energy consumption and air pollution while promoting economic development and supporting the Nation's preeminent position in international commerce".The National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–59 (text) (PDF), 109 Stat. 568) is a United States Act of Congress that was signed into law by President Bill Clinton on November 28, 1995. The legislation designated about 160,955 miles (259,032 km) of roads, including the Interstate Highway System, as the NHS. Aside from designating the system, the act served several other purposes, including restoring $5.4 billion in funding to state highway departments, giving Congress the power to prioritize highway system projects, repealing all federal speed limit controls, and prohibits the federal government from requiring states to use federal-aid highway funds to convert existing signs or purchase new signs with metric units.The act also created a State Infrastructure Bank pilot program. Ten states were chosen in 1996 for this new method of road financing. These banks would lend money like regular banks, with funding coming from the federal government or the private sector, and they would be repaid through such means as highway tolls or taxes. In 1997, 28 more states asked to be part of the program. Ohio was the first state to use a state infrastructure bank to start building a road. An advantage of this method was completing projects faster; state laws and the lack of appropriate projects were potential problems.

null

1

[ "Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2018", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2018", "main subject", "carbon tax" ]

null

3

[ "Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2018", "followed by", "Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019" ]

The Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019 (H.R. 763) is a bill in the United States House of Representatives that proposes a fee on carbon at the point of extraction to encourage market-driven innovation of clean energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The fees are recycled to citizens in monthly dividends. The act was originally introduced in 2018 with bipartisan support from six co-sponsors and died when the 115th congress ended on 3 January 2019. It is principally based on Citizens' Climate Lobby's carbon fee and dividend proposal, and this organization advocates for the bill.On 24 January 2019, the bill was introduced into the house by Representative Ted Deutch on behalf of himself and six other original cosponsors.The bill obtained 86 cosponsors but was not voted on. On April 1, 2021, the bill was reintroduced in the 117th Congress as H.R. 2307, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2021.

null

6

[ "Senate of Finland", "applies to jurisdiction", "Finland" ]

null

1

[ "Senate of Finland", "has part(s) of the class", "Member of the Senate of Finland" ]

null

2

[ "Middle East Broadcasting Networks", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "Lifting Self-Imposed Restrictions on the U.S.-Taiwan Relationship", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "Lifting Self-Imposed Restrictions on the U.S.-Taiwan Relationship", "main subject", "Taiwan–United States relations" ]

null

4

[ "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

The federal government of the United States initially responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country with various declarations of emergency, some of which led to travel and entry restrictions and the formation of the White House Coronavirus Task Force. As the pandemic progressed in the U.S. and globally, the U.S. government began issuing recommendations regarding the response by state and local governments, as well as social distancing measures and workplace hazard controls. State governments play a primary role in adopting policies to address the pandemic. Following the closure of most businesses throughout a number of U.S. states, President Donald Trump announced the mobilization of the National Guard in the most affected areas. In March and April 2020, the U.S. Congress passed a few major stimulus packages as part of an aggressive effort to fight both the pandemic and its economic impact. President Trump signed two major stimulus packages: the CARES Act and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021. Other proposed acts of legislation to provide economic relief were made within both the House of Representatives and the Senate, with influence from the White House. In addition, other federal policy changes have been made by a number of departments—some at the direction of President Trump, as well as his successor Joe Biden. The Trump administration's communication regarding the pandemic generated negative responses. Trump was initially described as optimistic about the country's response to the pandemic and the threat level the coronavirus disease 2019 presented the public. As the pandemic's severity escalated in the U.S., Trump repeatedly made false or misleading statements. In contrast, officials within the Trump administration made numerous statements in support of physical distancing measures and business closures.

null

1

[ "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "different from", "U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic" ]

The federal government of the United States initially responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country with various declarations of emergency, some of which led to travel and entry restrictions and the formation of the White House Coronavirus Task Force. As the pandemic progressed in the U.S. and globally, the U.S. government began issuing recommendations regarding the response by state and local governments, as well as social distancing measures and workplace hazard controls. State governments play a primary role in adopting policies to address the pandemic. Following the closure of most businesses throughout a number of U.S. states, President Donald Trump announced the mobilization of the National Guard in the most affected areas. In March and April 2020, the U.S. Congress passed a few major stimulus packages as part of an aggressive effort to fight both the pandemic and its economic impact. President Trump signed two major stimulus packages: the CARES Act and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021. Other proposed acts of legislation to provide economic relief were made within both the House of Representatives and the Senate, with influence from the White House. In addition, other federal policy changes have been made by a number of departments—some at the direction of President Trump, as well as his successor Joe Biden. The Trump administration's communication regarding the pandemic generated negative responses. Trump was initially described as optimistic about the country's response to the pandemic and the threat level the coronavirus disease 2019 presented the public. As the pandemic's severity escalated in the U.S., Trump repeatedly made false or misleading statements. In contrast, officials within the Trump administration made numerous statements in support of physical distancing measures and business closures.

null

2

[ "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "cause", "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States" ]

null

3

[ "Bureau of Labor Standards", "applies to jurisdiction", "United States of America" ]

null

1

[ "Konstfack", "applies to jurisdiction", "Sweden" ]

null

1

[ "Konstfack", "founded by", "Nils Månsson Mandelgren" ]

History Konstfack has had several different names since it was founded in 1844 by the ethnologist and artist Nils Månsson Mandelgren as a part-time art school for artisans, under the name "Söndags-Rit-skola för Handtverkare" ("Sunday Drawing School for Artisans"). The school was taken over by Svenska Slöjdföreningen (today known as Svensk form) the next year and renamed Svenska Slöjdföreningens skola. In 1857, the first two female students (Sofi Granberg and Matilda Andersson) were accepted, and the following year female students officially were invited to apply.It became a state school and was renamed Slöjdskolan i Stockholm (Handicraft School in Stockholm) in 1859; and in the context of a thorough reorganisation, where the school was divided into four departments in 1879, to Tekniska skolan (The Technical School). From 1945 it was known as Konstfackskolan (The school of art departments), when the institution was divided into the departments devoted to distinct disciplines that remain largely today: Textile, Decorative art, Sculpture, Ceramics, Furniture and Interior Design, Metal and Advertising and Printing. The school also obtained official status and had a two-year day school and a three-year arts and craft evening school. To this was added a two-year higher Arts and Crafts school and a three-year Art Teacher institute. It was given the status of a högskola ("university college") in 1978. From 1993 it was called Konstfack, the short form of the full name, formerly used colloquially.Long located on Norrmalm, between Klara kyrka and Hötorget, the school was in 1959 moved to a new building on Valhallavägen with well-equipped workshops, designed by architects Gösta Åberg and Tage Hertzell. In 2004 it once again moved, to the former headquarters of LM Ericsson at Telefonplan in South Stockholm. The 20,300-square metre interior of the old factory building was redesigned by architects including Gert Wingårdh.

null

6

[ "Konstfack", "topic's main category", "Category:Konstfack" ]

null

16

[ "Karlstad University", "applies to jurisdiction", "Sweden" ]

Ingesund School of Music The Ingesund School of Music is part of Karlstad University and the Department of Artistic Studies. It is situated in the beautiful Arvika area in mid-Sweden. The school offers music teacher education, music studies, and sound engineering.

null

1

[ "Karlstad University", "follows", "Karlstad University College" ]

null

10

[ "Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences", "applies to jurisdiction", "Sweden" ]

The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (Swedish: Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH) in Stockholm is a Swedish institution offering higher education in the fields of teaching profession in Physical Education, Sports coaching and Preventive health. The school offers both programmes and courses. It was founded as the Royal Central Gymnastics Institute (Swedish: Kungliga Gymnastiska Centralinstitutet, GCI) in 1813 by Per Henrik Ling, which makes it the oldest university college in the world within the field of human movement sciences.

null

2

[ "Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences", "founded by", "Pehr Henrik Ling" ]

The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (Swedish: Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH) in Stockholm is a Swedish institution offering higher education in the fields of teaching profession in Physical Education, Sports coaching and Preventive health. The school offers both programmes and courses. It was founded as the Royal Central Gymnastics Institute (Swedish: Kungliga Gymnastiska Centralinstitutet, GCI) in 1813 by Per Henrik Ling, which makes it the oldest university college in the world within the field of human movement sciences.

null

6

[ "Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences", "topic's main category", "Category:Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences" ]

null

14

[ "Swedish National Space Agency", "applies to jurisdiction", "Sweden" ]

The Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA, Swedish: Rymdstyrelsen) is a Government agency in Sweden operating under the Swedish Ministry of Education and Science. SNSA operates as a key component of the Swedish space programme, which is mostly carried out through international cooperation, and has included a sequence of satellite missions, both national ones and in cooperation with other nations. Furthermore, the agency distributes government grants to research and development, initiates research and development in space and remote sensing, and acts as the Swedish contact in international cooperative efforts. By the 2010s, it had a yearly budget of approximately 900 Mkr (100 M€), about 70% of which being used to support various programmes performed by the European Space Agency (ESA) that had been deemed to be of importance to Sweden. As of 2018, SNSA comprised a total of 21 permanent employees, the majority operating from its office in the Solna Municipality of Stockholm, Sweden. Rymdstyrelsen changed its English name from the Swedish National Space Board to the Swedish National Space Agency in 2018.

null

1

[ "Linnaeus University", "applies to jurisdiction", "Sweden" ]

null

0

[ "Linnaeus University", "replaces", "Växjö University" ]

null

6

[ "Linnaeus University", "replaces", "Kalmar University" ]

null

8

[ "Linnaeus University", "topic's main category", "Category:Linnaeus University" ]

null

9

[ "White Guard (Finland)", "applies to jurisdiction", "Finland" ]

The White Guard or Civil Guard (Finnish: Suojeluskunta, IPA: [ˈsuo̯jelusˌkuntɑ]; Swedish: Skyddskår; lit. 'Protection Corps') was a voluntary militia, part of the Finnish Whites movement, that emerged victorious over the socialist Red Guards in the Finnish Civil War of 1918. They were generally known as the "White Guard" in the West due to their opposition to the "communist" Red Guards. In the White Army of Finland many participants were recruits, draftees and German-trained Jägers – rather than part of the paramilitary. The central organization was named the White Guard Organization, and the organization consisted of local chapters in municipalities. The Russian revolution of 1905 led to social and political unrest and a breakdown of security in Finland, which was then a Grand Duchy under the rule of the Russian Tsar. Citizen militias formed as a response, but soon these would be transformed along political (left-right) lines. The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent independence of Finland (declared in December 1917) also caused conflicts in the country. On January 27, 1918, the Finnish government ordered the disarming of all remaining Russian garrisons by the forces of the White Guard, and on the same day the Reds proclaimed revolution, leading to a bloody civil war. White Guards, led by General Gustaf Mannerheim, constituted the bulk of the victorious White Army during the Finnish Civil War (1918). After the war the Finnish Defence Forces and a regular police service were founded. From 1919–1934 White Guards were considered a voluntary part of the army, and separate Guard formations served in the reserve, but in 1934 all defence was consolidated into the regular army and the Guard became a voluntary defence-training organization only. Politically it was neutral, although unofficially it was anti-leftist, clearly anti-Communist, conservative, largely rejected by the labour movement and by the political left. Units of it formed the main forces of the Lapua Movement's abortive coup d'état (the Mäntsälä Rebellion) in 1932, however only a small fraction of the Guard participated and the majority of it stayed loyal to the government. White Guardsmen served in the regular army during the Second World War. The White Guard was disbanded according to the terms of the 1947 Finno-Soviet peace treaty after the Second World War. Similar militias operated in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, lands that, like Finland, came under Russian sovereignty until the collapse of Tsarist Russia in 1917. These militias remained in existence until World War II, evolving somewhat into home-guard militias. The phenomenon should be distinguished from the Freikorps established in Germany after its defeat in World War I, although some similarities exist.

null

2

[ "White Guard (Finland)", "topic's main category", "Category:Suojeluskuntajärjestö" ]

The White Guard or Civil Guard (Finnish: Suojeluskunta, IPA: [ˈsuo̯jelusˌkuntɑ]; Swedish: Skyddskår; lit. 'Protection Corps') was a voluntary militia, part of the Finnish Whites movement, that emerged victorious over the socialist Red Guards in the Finnish Civil War of 1918. They were generally known as the "White Guard" in the West due to their opposition to the "communist" Red Guards. In the White Army of Finland many participants were recruits, draftees and German-trained Jägers – rather than part of the paramilitary. The central organization was named the White Guard Organization, and the organization consisted of local chapters in municipalities. The Russian revolution of 1905 led to social and political unrest and a breakdown of security in Finland, which was then a Grand Duchy under the rule of the Russian Tsar. Citizen militias formed as a response, but soon these would be transformed along political (left-right) lines. The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent independence of Finland (declared in December 1917) also caused conflicts in the country. On January 27, 1918, the Finnish government ordered the disarming of all remaining Russian garrisons by the forces of the White Guard, and on the same day the Reds proclaimed revolution, leading to a bloody civil war. White Guards, led by General Gustaf Mannerheim, constituted the bulk of the victorious White Army during the Finnish Civil War (1918). After the war the Finnish Defence Forces and a regular police service were founded. From 1919–1934 White Guards were considered a voluntary part of the army, and separate Guard formations served in the reserve, but in 1934 all defence was consolidated into the regular army and the Guard became a voluntary defence-training organization only. Politically it was neutral, although unofficially it was anti-leftist, clearly anti-Communist, conservative, largely rejected by the labour movement and by the political left. Units of it formed the main forces of the Lapua Movement's abortive coup d'état (the Mäntsälä Rebellion) in 1932, however only a small fraction of the Guard participated and the majority of it stayed loyal to the government. White Guardsmen served in the regular army during the Second World War. The White Guard was disbanded according to the terms of the 1947 Finno-Soviet peace treaty after the Second World War. Similar militias operated in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, lands that, like Finland, came under Russian sovereignty until the collapse of Tsarist Russia in 1917. These militias remained in existence until World War II, evolving somewhat into home-guard militias. The phenomenon should be distinguished from the Freikorps established in Germany after its defeat in World War I, although some similarities exist.

null

6

[ "Police University College (Finland)", "applies to jurisdiction", "Finland" ]

null

1

[ "Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency", "applies to jurisdiction", "Finland" ]

null

1

[ "Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency", "founded by", "Government of Finland" ]

null

7

[ "Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency", "replaces", "Finnish Rail Administration" ]

null

8

[ "Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency", "replaces", "Finnish Maritime Administration" ]

null

11

[ "Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency", "replaces", "Finnish Road Administration" ]

null

12