ProfessorBob/relation_extraction · Datasets at Hugging Face

triplets list	passage stringlengths 0 32.9k	label stringlengths 4 48 ⌀	label_id int64 0 1k ⌀	synonyms list	__index_level_1__ int64 312 64.1k ⌀	__index_level_0__ int64 0 2.4k ⌀
[ "Eysturoyartunnilin", "connects with", "Eysturoy" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Eysturoyartunnilin", "significant event", "start of manufacturing or construction" ]		null	null	null	null	9
[ "Lighter (barge)", "connects with", "tug" ]	A lighter is a type of flat-bottomed barge used to transfer goods and passengers to and from moored ships. Lighters were traditionally unpowered and were moved and steered using long oars called "sweeps" and the motive power of water currents. They were operated by skilled workers called lightermen and were a characteristic sight in London's docks until about the 1960s, when technological changes made this form of lightering largely redundant. Unpowered lighters continue to be moved by powered tugs, however, and lighters may also now themselves be powered. The term is also used in the Lighter Aboard Ship (LASH) system. The name itself is of uncertain origin, but is believed to possibly derive from an old Dutch or German word, lichten (to lighten or unload). In Dutch, the word lichter is still used for smaller ships that take over goods from larger ships. Lighters, albeit powered ones, were proposed to be used in 2007 at Port Lincoln and Whyalla in South Australia to load Capesize ships which are too big for the shallower waters close to shore.Hong Kong widely uses lighters in midstream operations where lighters transport cargo, mostly containers, between oceangoing vessels or to and from terminals. Lighters in Hong Kong are usually equipped with cranes of 40-60 tonnes capacity, and the largest ones can carry up to 300 TEU containers (empties). Lighters are usually not fitted with engines but are towed or pushed by tugboats. In 2007, midstream operators handled about 2 million TEUs and 5 million TEUs were transported as river trade cargo which are heavily dependent on lighters. In the UK, some older lighters have been converted into houseboats (for living on the river). As they lack engine rooms and gearbox, shaft or propellers, this means maximum usage of the hull space into housespace. As they have no propulsion methods, they are towed from conversion sites to permanent or semi-permanent mooring sites. They have macerators to deal with toilet waste.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Lighter (barge)", "connects with", "pusher" ]	A lighter is a type of flat-bottomed barge used to transfer goods and passengers to and from moored ships. Lighters were traditionally unpowered and were moved and steered using long oars called "sweeps" and the motive power of water currents. They were operated by skilled workers called lightermen and were a characteristic sight in London's docks until about the 1960s, when technological changes made this form of lightering largely redundant. Unpowered lighters continue to be moved by powered tugs, however, and lighters may also now themselves be powered. The term is also used in the Lighter Aboard Ship (LASH) system. The name itself is of uncertain origin, but is believed to possibly derive from an old Dutch or German word, lichten (to lighten or unload). In Dutch, the word lichter is still used for smaller ships that take over goods from larger ships. Lighters, albeit powered ones, were proposed to be used in 2007 at Port Lincoln and Whyalla in South Australia to load Capesize ships which are too big for the shallower waters close to shore.Hong Kong widely uses lighters in midstream operations where lighters transport cargo, mostly containers, between oceangoing vessels or to and from terminals. Lighters in Hong Kong are usually equipped with cranes of 40-60 tonnes capacity, and the largest ones can carry up to 300 TEU containers (empties). Lighters are usually not fitted with engines but are towed or pushed by tugboats. In 2007, midstream operators handled about 2 million TEUs and 5 million TEUs were transported as river trade cargo which are heavily dependent on lighters. In the UK, some older lighters have been converted into houseboats (for living on the river). As they lack engine rooms and gearbox, shaft or propellers, this means maximum usage of the hull space into housespace. As they have no propulsion methods, they are towed from conversion sites to permanent or semi-permanent mooring sites. They have macerators to deal with toilet waste.	null	null	null	null	2
[ "Lighter (barge)", "topic's main category", "Category:Lighters (ships)" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Electrical connector", "connects with", "electrical cable" ]	Jacks and plugs A jack is a connector that installs on the surface of a bulkhead or enclosure, and mates with its reciprocal, the plug. According to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the stationary (more fixed) connector of a pair is classified as a jack (denoted J), usually attached to a piece of equipment as in a chassis-mount or panel-mount connector. The movable (less fixed) connector is classified as a plug (denoted P), designed to attach to a wire, cable or removable electrical assembly. This convention is currently defined in ASME Y14.44-2008, which supersedes IEEE 200-1975, which in turn derives from the long-withdrawn MIL-STD-16 (from the 1950s), highlighting the heritage of this connector naming convention. IEEE 315-1975 works alongside ASME Y14.44-2008 to define jacks and plugs. The term jack occurs in several related terms:	null	null	null	null	3
[ "Electrical connector", "topic's main category", "Category:Electrical connectors" ]	Components of an electrical circuit are electrically connected if an electric current can run between them through an electrical conductor. An electrical connector is an electromechanical device used to create an electrical connection between parts of an electrical circuit, or between different electrical circuits, thereby joining them into a larger circuit. Most electrical connectors have a gender – i.e. the male component, called a plug, connects to the female component, or socket. The connection may be removable (as for portable equipment), require a tool for assembly and removal, or serve as a permanent electrical joint between two points. An adapter can be used to join dissimilar connectors. Thousands of configurations of connectors are manufactured for power, data, and audiovisual applications. Electrical connectors can be divided into four basic categories, differentiated by their function: inline or cable connectors permanently attached to a cable, so it can be plugged into another terminal (either a stationary instrument or another cable) Chassis or panel connectors permanently attached to a piece of equipment so users can connect a cable to a stationary device PCB mount connectors soldered to a printed circuit board, providing a point for cable or wire attachment.: 56 (e.g. pin headers, screw terminals, board-to-board connectors) Splice or butt connectors (primarily insulation displacement connectors) that permanently join two lengths of wire or cableIn computing, electrical connectors are considered a physical interface and constitute part of the physical layer in the OSI model of networking.	null	null	null	null	16
[ "Electrical connector", "connects with", "wire" ]	Jacks and plugs A jack is a connector that installs on the surface of a bulkhead or enclosure, and mates with its reciprocal, the plug. According to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the stationary (more fixed) connector of a pair is classified as a jack (denoted J), usually attached to a piece of equipment as in a chassis-mount or panel-mount connector. The movable (less fixed) connector is classified as a plug (denoted P), designed to attach to a wire, cable or removable electrical assembly. This convention is currently defined in ASME Y14.44-2008, which supersedes IEEE 200-1975, which in turn derives from the long-withdrawn MIL-STD-16 (from the 1950s), highlighting the heritage of this connector naming convention. IEEE 315-1975 works alongside ASME Y14.44-2008 to define jacks and plugs. The term jack occurs in several related terms:	null	null	null	null	17
[ "Electrical connector", "has use", "linkage" ]		null	null	null	null	18
[ "Electrical connector", "connects with", "electrical connector" ]		null	null	null	null	19
[ "Electrical connector", "has use", "electrical connection" ]		null	null	null	null	20
[ "Electrical connector", "different from", "electrical junction" ]		null	null	null	null	21
[ "LSD", "connects with", "5-HT receptor" ]	Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Most serotonergic psychedelics are not significantly dopaminergic, and LSD is therefore atypical in this regard. The agonism of the D2 receptor by LSD may contribute to its psychoactive effects in humans.LSD binds to most serotonin receptor subtypes except for the 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. However, most of these receptors are affected at too low affinity to be sufficiently activated by the brain concentration of approximately 10–20 nM. In humans, recreational doses of LSD can affect 5-HT1A (Ki=1.1nM), 5-HT2A (Ki=2.9nM), 5-HT2B (Ki=4.9nM), 5-HT2C (Ki=23nM), 5-HT5A (Ki=9nM [in cloned rat tissues]), and 5-HT6 receptors (Ki=2.3nM). Although not present in humans, 5-HT5B receptors found in rodents also have a high affinity for LSD. The psychedelic effects of LSD are attributed to cross-activation of 5-HT2A receptor heteromers. Many but not all 5-HT2A agonists are psychedelics and 5-HT2A antagonists block the psychedelic activity of LSD. LSD exhibits functional selectivity at the 5-HT2A and 5HT2C receptors in that it activates the signal transduction enzyme phospholipase A2 instead of activating the enzyme phospholipase C as the endogenous ligand serotonin does.Exactly how LSD produces its effects is unknown, but it is thought that it works by increasing glutamate release in the cerebral cortex and therefore excitation in this area, specifically in layers IV and V. LSD, like many other drugs of recreational use, has been shown to activate DARPP-32-related pathways. The drug enhances dopamine D2 receptor protomer recognition and signaling of D2–5-HT2A receptor complexes, which may contribute to its psychotropic effects. LSD has been shown to have low affinity for H1 receptors, displaying antihistamine effects.LSD is a biased agonist that induces a conformation in serotonin receptors that preferentially recruits β-arrestin over activating G proteins. LSD also has an exceptionally long residence time when bound to serotonin receptors lasting hours, consistent with the long lasting effects of LSD despite its relatively rapid clearance. A crystal structure of 5-HT2B bound to LSD reveals an extracellular loop that forms a lid over the diethylamide end of the binding cavity which explains the slow rate of LSD unbinding from serotonin receptors. The related lysergamide lysergic acid amide (LSA) that lacks the diethylamide moiety is far less hallucinogenic in comparison.	null	null	null	null	11
[ "LSD", "has use", "drug" ]		null	null	null	null	15
[ "LSD", "topic's main category", "Category:Lysergic acid diethylamide" ]		null	null	null	null	18
[ "LSD", "has use", "medication" ]		null	null	null	null	21
[ "Toronto subway", "connects with", "Toronto Transit Commission bus system" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Toronto subway", "owned by", "Toronto Transit Commission" ]	The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). It is a multimodal rail network consisting of three heavy-capacity rail lines operating predominantly underground, and one elevated medium-capacity rail line. As of December 2022, three new lines are under construction: two light rail lines and one light metro line. In 1954, the TTC opened Canada's first underground rail line, then known as the "Yonge subway", under Yonge Street between Union Station and Eglinton Avenue with 12 stations. As of 2018, the network encompasses 75 stations and 76.9 kilometres (47.8 mi) of route. In 2022, the system had a ridership of 235,740,000, or about 880,200 per weekday as of the first quarter of 2023, making it the second busiest rapid transit system in Canada in terms of ridership.Line 6 Finch West Line 6 Finch West, also known as the "Finch West LRT", is an under-construction line being built by Mosaic Transit Group along Finch Avenue. It is to be operated by the Toronto Transit Commission and was also part of the Transit City proposal announced on March 16, 2007. The 11-kilometre (6.8 mi), 18-stop line is to extend from Finch West station on Line 1 Yonge–University to the north campus of Humber College. The line is forecast to carry about 14.6 million rides a year or 40,000 a day by 2031. It is scheduled for completion in 2023, with an estimated cost of $1.2 billion. Construction on this line began in 2019.	null	null	null	null	5
[ "Toronto subway", "connects with", "Toronto streetcar system" ]	History Timeline of openings Line 1 Yonge–University Canada's first subway, the Yonge subway, opened in 1954 with a length of 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi). The line ran under or parallel to Yonge Street between Eglinton Avenue and Union station. It replaced the Yonge streetcar line, Canada's first streetcar line. In 1963, the line was extended northwards from Union station under University Avenue to Bloor Street, where it would later connect with the Bloor–Danforth subway (opened in 1966) at the double-deck St. George station. In 1974, the Yonge Street portion of the line was extended from Eglinton station north to Finch station. The Spadina segment of the line was constructed north from St. George station initially to Wilson station in 1978, and in 1996 to Downsview station, renamed Sheppard West in 2017. Part of the Spadina segment runs in the median of Allen Road – an expressway formerly known as the Spadina Expressway – and crosses over Highway 401 on overpasses. Six decades of extensions gave the line a U-shaped route running from its two northern terminals (Finch and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre stations) and looping on its southern end at Union station. The latest extension from Sheppard West to Vaughan opened on December 17, 2017, making the line 38.8 kilometres (24.1 mi) long, over five times its original length.Track Lines 1, 2 and 4 – the heavy-rail lines – run on tracks built to the Toronto gauge of 4 ft 10+7⁄8 in (1,495 mm), the same gauge used on the Toronto streetcar system. According to rail historians John F. Bromley and Jack May, the reason that the Yonge subway was built to the streetcar gauge was that between 1954 and 1965, subway bogies were maintained at the Hillcrest Complex, where the streetcar gauge was used for shop tracks. The Davisville Carhouse was not equipped to perform such heavy maintenance, and the bogies would be loaded onto a specially built track trailer for shipment between Davisville and Hillcrest. This practice ceased with the opening of the shops at the Greenwood Yard in 1965.Line 3 Scarborough uses standard-gauge tracks, as the ICTS design for the line did not allow for the interchange of rail equipment between the subway system and Line 3. When its ICTS vehicles need anything more than basic service (which can be carried out at the McCowan Yard), they are carried by truck to the Greenwood Subway Yard.The Line 5 Eglinton and Line 6 Finch West LRT lines will be constructed with standard-gauge tracks. The projects are receiving a large part of their funding from the Ontario provincial transit authority Metrolinx and, to ensure a better price for purchasing vehicles, it wanted to have a degree of commonality with other similar projects within Ontario.	null	null	null	null	12
[ "Toronto subway", "owned by", "Municipal government of Toronto" ]		null	null	null	null	13
[ "Toronto subway", "topic's main category", "Category:Toronto rapid transit" ]	The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). It is a multimodal rail network consisting of three heavy-capacity rail lines operating predominantly underground, and one elevated medium-capacity rail line. As of December 2022, three new lines are under construction: two light rail lines and one light metro line. In 1954, the TTC opened Canada's first underground rail line, then known as the "Yonge subway", under Yonge Street between Union Station and Eglinton Avenue with 12 stations. As of 2018, the network encompasses 75 stations and 76.9 kilometres (47.8 mi) of route. In 2022, the system had a ridership of 235,740,000, or about 880,200 per weekday as of the first quarter of 2023, making it the second busiest rapid transit system in Canada in terms of ridership.	null	null	null	null	14
[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "connects with", "Lech" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "significant event", "1972 Summer Olympics" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "topic's main category", "Category:Augsburg Eiskanal" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "significant event", "1985 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships" ]		null	null	null	null	13
[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "significant event", "1957 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships" ]		null	null	null	null	14
[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "significant event", "2003 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships" ]		null	null	null	null	15
[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "significant event", "Canoe Slalom World Cup" ]		null	null	null	null	16
[ "Zielgerät 1229", "connects with", "StG 44" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Root canal", "connects with", "Cementoenamel junction" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Skyscraper (song)", "performer", "Demi Lovato" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Skyscraper (song)", "connects with", "Demi Lovato" ]	"Skyscraper" is a song recorded by American singer Demi Lovato for her third studio album Unbroken (2011). It was released on July 12, 2011 by Hollywood Records, as the lead single from the album. The song was written by Toby Gad, Lindy Robbins and by the Estonian singer Kerli and produced by Gad. American singer Jordin Sparks sang background vocals on the track. It was inspired by a picture of the apocalypse, in which the world was in ruins and among collapsed buildings, one skyscraper was still standing. When the song was recorded, Lovato was very emotional which triggered outbursts and caused her to start crying. On November 1, 2010, Lovato entered a treatment facility to deal with her personal struggles. Lovato was later diagnosed with bipolar disorder. After completing treatment on January 28, 2011, Lovato re-recorded the song, but kept the original recording as Lovato felt it was "symbolic" to her. This ballad speaks of staying strong and believing in oneself. These two ideals strongly represent the journey Lovato went through the previous year, which speaks through Lovato's breathy and quivering vocals throughout the song. The song opens with a lonely piano and as soon accompanied by heavy percussion. A Spanish version of the song, alternatively titled "Rascacielo" was released on August 16."Skyscraper" debuted at number ten on the Billboard Hot 100, spending a total of 15 weeks on the chart. The song became Lovato's highest-charting single since "This Is Me" which peaked at number nine in July 2008. "Skyscraper" sold 176,000 paid digital downloads in the first week of release in the United States, setting a sales record for Lovato. Internationally, the song reached the top 20 in Canada, New Zealand, Denmark, the Republic of Ireland, and the United Kingdom. The song has sold over 1.6 million digital downloads in The United States and has been certified platinum by the RIAA.	null	null	null	null	3
[ "Skyscraper (song)", "lyrics by", "Toby Gad" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "Skyscraper (song)", "follows", "Wouldn't Change a Thing" ]		null	null	null	null	12
[ "Skyscraper (song)", "follows", "Me, Myself and Time" ]		null	null	null	null	13
[ "Skyscraper (song)", "followed by", "Give Your Heart a Break" ]		null	null	null	null	14
[ "Skyscraper (song)", "different from", "Skyscraper" ]		null	null	null	null	16
[ "Skyscraper (song)", "performer", "Joseph Sraka" ]		null	null	null	null	17
[ "Skyscraper (song)", "connects with", "Joseph Sraka" ]		null	null	null	null	18
[ "The Squaire", "connects with", "Frankfurt Airport" ]	The Squaire is an office building in Frankfurt, Germany. It was built between 2006 and 2011 on top of an existing train station (Frankfurt Airport long-distance station) near Frankfurt Airport. The building is 660 m long, 65 m wide, 45 m high, and has nine floors. With a total floor area of 140,000 m2 (1,506,900 sq ft) it is the largest office building in Germany. Its dimensions and design make it a groundscraper. The Squaire is directly connected to Terminal 1 of Frankfurt Airport through a pedestrian connecting corridor.Name The term Squaire is a portmanteau of the words square and air. The name was announced in June 2010. The project's original name was Airrail Center Frankfurt. The term Airrail is a compound of the words air and rail.	null	null	null	null	2
[ "The Squaire", "connects with", "Hilton Frankfurt Airport" ]	Tenants The accounting firm KPMG, two Hilton hotels, and Lufthansa occupy space in The Squaire. KPMG has rented 40,000 square metres of office space with 2,150 staff members. In the eastern part are two Hilton hotels: Hilton Garden Inn Frankfurt Airport with 334 rooms and the Hilton Frankfurt Airport with 249 rooms in a total area of 34,500 m2. Lufthansa has leased 18,500 m2, and 1,000 of its employees moved in by the Spring of 2012. A 3,600 square meters area is provided for a medical center. 5,900 square meters is provided for restaurants and shops.	null	null	null	null	16
[ "The Squaire", "connects with", "Hilton Garden Inn Frankfurt Airport" ]		null	null	null	null	18
[ "The Squaire", "significant event", "start of manufacturing or construction" ]		null	null	null	null	19
[ "Catalan Bay", "connects with", "Williams Way" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Camera lens", "connects with", "lens mount" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "Camera lens", "said to be the same as", "objective" ]		null	null	null	null	13
[ "Camera lens", "topic's main category", "Category:Photographic lenses" ]		null	null	null	null	17
[ "Columbus External Payload Facility", "connects with", "Columbus" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Columbus External Payload Facility", "connects with", "Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Columbus External Payload Facility", "connects with", "Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station", "owned by", "Deutsche Bahn" ]	BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station (German: Bahnhof Flughafen BER – Terminal 1-2) and to be named Flughafen BER station from December 2023, is a railway station located under the main terminal of Berlin Brandenburg Airport, Germany serving its Terminals 1 and 2 while the older BER Airport – Terminal 5 station serves its Terminal 5. Most train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn, which provides long-distance and regional connections while S-Bahn Berlin offers suburban lines.	null	null	null	null	2
[ "BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station", "connects with", "Berlin Brandenburg Airport" ]	BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station (German: Bahnhof Flughafen BER – Terminal 1-2) and to be named Flughafen BER station from December 2023, is a railway station located under the main terminal of Berlin Brandenburg Airport, Germany serving its Terminals 1 and 2 while the older BER Airport – Terminal 5 station serves its Terminal 5. Most train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn, which provides long-distance and regional connections while S-Bahn Berlin offers suburban lines.History Construction of the station began in 2007 and the construction of the tunnels was completed on 25 June 2009. The station was handed over to Deutsche Bahn on 30 March 2010 and has been electrified since 7 June 2011. The public clients agreed to pay a fixed price of 285 million euros, although the actual construction cost was well below that number. While the airport itself was not in operation, empty trains were running through the tunnels to drive out humidity. DB ultimately sued the airport for damages due to the unused station. The station was opened for regular passenger traffic on 26 October 2020, a few days before opening of the airport. The station is served by Berlin S-Bahn, Regional-Express and InterCity services. The station lies directly under the airport terminal and has six platforms. Two of these are terminating platforms for the S-Bahn lines S45 and S9. The Airport is connected with Berlin Hauptbahnhof (Berlin main station) by the RE 9 Airport Express, with a journey time of 29 minutes as well as slower regional and suburban connections. Upgrades on the Berlin Dresden railway will enable faster and more frequent RE and IC service some time in the 2020s. Due to the closure of Terminal 5, the station will be renamed Flughafen BER station in December 2023, reflecting it is now the sole station serving the airport.Train services The station is served by the following regular service(s): Intercity services IC 17 Dresden – BER Airport – Berlin – Rostock – Warnemünde (every 2 hours) Regional services FEX Berlin Hauptbahnhof – Berlin Gesundbrunnen – Berlin Ostkreuz – BER Airport Regional services RE 8 Wismar – Schwerin – Ludwigslust – Wittenberge – Nauen – Berlin-Spandau – Berlin Hbf – Berlin Ostbf – Berlin Ostkreuz – BER Airport Local services RB 22 Königs Wusterhausen – BER Airport – Ludwigsfelde-Struveshof – Golm – Potsdam Local services RB 23 (Potsdam Golm – Potsdam –) Berlin-Charlottenburg – Berlin Hbf – Berlin Friedrichstraße – Berlin Alexanderplatz – Berlin Ostbf – Berlin Ostkreuz – BER Airport S-Bahn services BER Airport – Schöneweide – Neukölln – Südkreuz S-Bahn services BER Airport – Schöneweide – Ostbahnhof – Alexanderplatz – Hauptbahnhof – Westkreuz – Spandau	null	null	null	null	18
[ "BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station", "has part(s) of the class", "White tub" ]		null	null	null	null	20
[ "BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station", "has part(s) of the class", "island platform" ]		null	null	null	null	21
[ "BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station", "significant event", "topping out" ]		null	null	null	null	33
[ "BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station", "significant event", "start of manufacturing or construction" ]		null	null	null	null	41
[ "National road 68 (Poland)", "connects with", "M1 highway" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "National road 68 (Poland)", "connects with", "National road 2" ]	National road 68 (Polish: Droga krajowa nr 68, abbreviated as DK68) is a main road of accelerated traffic (Polish: droga główna ruchu przyspieszonego) belonging to the Polish national road network. The length of the route is 11.4 kilometres (7.1 mi), of which 5.197 kilometres (3.229 mi) is maintained by General Directorate for National Roads and Highways (Polish: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad, abbreviated as GDDKiA). The highway connects the Kukuryki border crossing on Belarus–Poland border with national road 2 in Wólka Dobryńska. It runs entirely in Lublin Voivodeship, in Biała County (Terespol and Zalesie gminas). According to signage, national road 68 is a component of European highway E30. From February 14, 1986 until the road network reform in 2000, the route was signed as national road 812.In the years 2005 – 2007, the road was reconstructed, as part of which, among others, the surface was renewed and strengthened to a load of 115 kN/axle. Also a concrete parking lane was built, 4 metres (13 ft) wide and approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) long, stretching from the intersection with national road 2 in Wólka Dobryńska to the car terminal in Koroszczyn. The stretch from Koroszczyn terminal to the border crossing is accessible only for large goods vehicles and overlaps with planned course of motorway A2.	null	null	null	null	4
[ "Nanteos Mansion", "connects with", "Holy Grail" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Nanteos Mansion", "owned by", "William Powell" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Nanteos Mansion", "owned by", "William Edward Powell" ]		null	null	null	null	11
[ "Cincinnatus (mural)", "connects with", "building" ]	Cincinnatus is a public artwork by Richard Haas in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The mural depicts Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, the namesake of Cincinnati. It's on the Brotherhood Building at Central Parkway and Vine Street. It was commissioned by the Kroger Company 1983 in honor of their 100th year of business. In 2015, the mural was restored by ArtWorks in collaboration with the original artist.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Cincinnatus (mural)", "cause", "centennial" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Cincinnatus (mural)", "significant event", "conservation" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Cincinnatus (mural)", "depicts", "Cincinnatus" ]	Cincinnatus is a public artwork by Richard Haas in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The mural depicts Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, the namesake of Cincinnati. It's on the Brotherhood Building at Central Parkway and Vine Street. It was commissioned by the Kroger Company 1983 in honor of their 100th year of business. In 2015, the mural was restored by ArtWorks in collaboration with the original artist.== References ==	null	null	null	null	7
[ "Death of Sikhosiphi Rhadebe", "connects with", "mining" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Saronic Gulf", "connects with", "Gulf of Corinth" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Saronic Gulf", "connects with", "Elefsina Gulf" ]		null	null	null	null	9
[ "Saronic Gulf", "topic's main category", "Category:Saronic Gulf" ]		null	null	null	null	15
[ "Horus", "topic's main category", "Category:Horus" ]		null	null	null	null	19
[ "Horus", "connects with", "Eye of Horus" ]		null	null	null	null	26
[ "CTIA and GTIA", "has use", "Atari 8-bit family" ]	Features The list below describes CTIA/GTIA's inherent hardware capabilities meaning the intended functionality of the hardware itself, not including results achieved by CPU-serviced interrupts or display kernels driving frequent register changes. CTIA/GTIA is a television interface device with the following features:	null	null	null	null	4
[ "CTIA and GTIA", "used by", "Atari 8-bit family" ]	Pinout Registers The Atari 8-bit computers map CTIA/GTIA to the $D0xxhex page and the Atari 5200 console maps it to the $C0xxhex page. CTIA/GTIA provides 54 Read/Write registers controlling Player/Missile graphics, Playfield colors, joystick triggers, and console keys. Many CTIA/GTIA register addresses have dual purposes performing different functions as a Read vs a Write register. Therefore, no code should read Hardware registers expecting to retrieve the previously written value. This problem is solved for many write registers by Operating System Shadow registers implemented in regular RAM as places to store the last value written to registers. Operating System Shadow registers are copied from RAM to the hardware registers during the Vertical Blank. Therefore, any write to hardware registers which have corresponding shadow registers will be overwritten by the value of the Shadow registers during the next Vertical Blank. Some Write registers do not have corresponding Shadow registers. They can be safely written by an application without the value being overwritten during the vertical blank. If the application needs to know the last state of the register then it is the responsibility of the application to remember what it wrote. Operating System Shadow registers also exist for some Read registers where reading the value directly from hardware at an unknown stage in the display cycle may return inconsistent results.	null	null	null	null	5
[ "CTIA and GTIA", "connects with", "ANTIC" ]	Color Television Interface Adaptor (CTIA) and its successor Graphic Television Interface Adaptor (GTIA) are custom chips used in the Atari 8-bit family of computers and in the Atari 5200 home video game console. In these systems, a CTIA or GTIA chip works together with ANTIC to produce the video display. ANTIC generates the playfield graphics (text and bitmap) while CTIA/GTIA provides the color for the playfield and adds overlay objects known as player/missile graphics (sprites). Under the direction of Jay Miner, the CTIA/GTIA chips were designed by George McLeod with technical assistance of Steve Smith.Color Television Interface Adaptor and Graphic Television Interface Adaptor are names of the chips as stated in the Atari field service manual. Various publications named the chips differently, sometimes using the alternative spelling Adapter or Graphics, or claiming that the "C" in "CTIA" stands for Colleen/Candy and "G" in "GTIA" is for George.	null	null	null	null	7
[ "Fire buff", "connects with", "volunteer fire department" ]	A fire buff is a person with considerable interest (a fan) in fire fighting and emergency services, while not being an active member of these services. Fire buffs may collect or promote information about the local emergency services, raise money for them, or attend emergencies as bystanders. In the latter case, a fire buff may be considered a nuisance or even a danger to operations by active service members. Many fire buffs are organized in associations, a small number of which are integrated into auxiliary services for their local fire stations. The term 'fire buff' is said to go back to the beginning of the 20th century, when early fire buffs attended emergencies during winter time wearing fur coats, thus coming to be called "buffalos".	null	null	null	null	0
[ "Daisy chain (climbing)", "connects with", "climbing harness" ]	Daisy chain A daisy chain is a strap, several feet long and typically constructed from one-inch tubular nylon webbing of the same type used in lengthening straps between anchor points and the main rope. The webbing is bar-tacked at roughly two-inch intervals (or, in the past, tied) to create a length of small loops for attachment. Unlike the use of similar devices in backpacking, daisy chains in technical rock climbing are expected to be of sufficient strength to be "load bearing". Daisy chain pockets, however, are not rated to full strength, and can only take static loads. When clipped in, daisy chains should not be shortened by clipping in another pocket to the same carabiner. Failure of the pocket stitching results in the daisy chain disconnecting from the anchor, with potentially fatal consequences. If shortening the daisy chain when clipped in, in order to eliminate dangerous slack, a second carabiner should be used to connect to the anchor.Though daisy chains are sometimes used by free climbers as a type of sling (a quick attachment used from harness directly to a belay anchor), and for ad hoc purposes similar to those of the backpacker, the canonical use for a daisy chain is in aid climbing, wherein the leader will typically attach one end to the harness, and the other to the top-most anchor placement (by carabiner or fifi hook), particularly after having ascended in étriers as high as possible. This allows the leader to hang from the daisy chain while preparing the next anchor placement. The closely spaced loops allow fine-tuning the length from harness to anchor, thereby allowing the best possible reach for the next placement. Daisy chains should not be confused with étriers, also known as aiders, which are short ladders made in the same way, but with larger loops, also used in aid climbing, nor with load-limiting devices often known as screamers (from their first trade name) designed to simulate a dynamic belay.	null	null	null	null	0
[ "Daisy chain (climbing)", "has use", "aid climbing" ]	Rock-climbing equipment requires a range of specialized sports equipment, for training, for aid climbing (i.e. to assist in ascending by artificial means), and for free climbing (where protection equipment is needed against the consequences of a fall). Developments in rock-climbing equipment played an important role in the history of rock climbing, enabling climbers to ascend more difficult climbing routes safely, and materially improving the strength, conditioning, and ability of climbers.Daisy chain A daisy chain is a strap, several feet long and typically constructed from one-inch tubular nylon webbing of the same type used in lengthening straps between anchor points and the main rope. The webbing is bar-tacked at roughly two-inch intervals (or, in the past, tied) to create a length of small loops for attachment. Unlike the use of similar devices in backpacking, daisy chains in technical rock climbing are expected to be of sufficient strength to be "load bearing". Daisy chain pockets, however, are not rated to full strength, and can only take static loads. When clipped in, daisy chains should not be shortened by clipping in another pocket to the same carabiner. Failure of the pocket stitching results in the daisy chain disconnecting from the anchor, with potentially fatal consequences. If shortening the daisy chain when clipped in, in order to eliminate dangerous slack, a second carabiner should be used to connect to the anchor.Though daisy chains are sometimes used by free climbers as a type of sling (a quick attachment used from harness directly to a belay anchor), and for ad hoc purposes similar to those of the backpacker, the canonical use for a daisy chain is in aid climbing, wherein the leader will typically attach one end to the harness, and the other to the top-most anchor placement (by carabiner or fifi hook), particularly after having ascended in étriers as high as possible. This allows the leader to hang from the daisy chain while preparing the next anchor placement. The closely spaced loops allow fine-tuning the length from harness to anchor, thereby allowing the best possible reach for the next placement. Daisy chains should not be confused with étriers, also known as aiders, which are short ladders made in the same way, but with larger loops, also used in aid climbing, nor with load-limiting devices often known as screamers (from their first trade name) designed to simulate a dynamic belay.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Mathäser", "connects with", "München Karlsplatz station" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Alte Münze", "connects with", "Alter Hof" ]	It was constructed by court architect Wilhelm Egkl in 1563. Later it served as mint. The inner courtyard has kept its renaissance arcades while the west facade was redesigned in neoclassical style in 1809. Finally the north facade facing got its neogothic decoration when the Maximilianstrasse was built to fit it with the concept of this royal avenue. An arch in the south connects the building with the castle Alter Hof.	null	null	null	null	4
[ "Alte Münze", "significant event", "start of manufacturing or construction" ]	It was constructed by court architect Wilhelm Egkl in 1563. Later it served as mint. The inner courtyard has kept its renaissance arcades while the west facade was redesigned in neoclassical style in 1809. Finally the north facade facing got its neogothic decoration when the Maximilianstrasse was built to fit it with the concept of this royal avenue. An arch in the south connects the building with the castle Alter Hof.	null	null	null	null	11
[ "Teplice", "connects with", "European route E55" ]		null	null	null	null	34
[ "Teplice", "topic's main category", "Category:Teplice" ]		null	null	null	null	35
[ "Teplice", "uses", "House number" ]		null	null	null	null	37
[ "Beati Paoli", "connects with", "Francisco" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Beati Paoli", "connects with", "William II of Sicily" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "Beati Paoli", "based on", "Legge morale naturale" ]		null	null	null	null	9
[ "Beati Paoli", "said to be the same as", "The Punisher" ]		null	null	null	null	11
[ "Mittelland Canal", "connects with", "Elbe Lateral Canal" ]	History Construction of the Mittelland Canal was started in 1906, starting from Bergeshövede (municipality Hörstel) on the Dortmund-Ems Canal. The section to Minden on the Weser was opened in February 1915 and was initially named Ems-Weser-Kanal. The section from Minden to Hanover was finished in the autumn of 1916. The section to Sehnde and the branch canal to Hildesheim were completed in 1928, Peine was reached in 1929, and Braunschweig in 1933. The final section to Magdeburg was opened in 1938, thus creating a direct link between Western and Eastern Germany. The branch canal to Salzgitter was opened in 1941. The planned canal bridge over the Elbe, necessary to avoid low water conditions in summer, was not built due to the Second World War.After partitioning of Germany following the Second World War, the Mittelland Canal was split between West Germany and East Germany, with the border to the east of Wolfsburg. To provide access from the western section of the canal to Hamburg and Northern Germany, avoiding both East Germany and the Elbe River's sometimes limited navigability, the Elbe Lateral Canal was opened in 1977. After the reunification of Germany, the importance of the Mittelland Canal as a link from the west to Berlin and the east was reinforced. The project to bridge the Elbe was therefore restarted, and the resulting Magdeburg Water Bridge opened in 2003, providing a direct link to the Elbe-Havel Canal. There are further plans to connect the channel to the Twentekanaal in the Netherlands to shorten the connection towards the Port of Rotterdam.	null	null	null	null	0
[ "Mittelland Canal", "topic's main category", "Category:Mittellandkanal" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "Mittelland Canal", "said to be the same as", "Weser-Elbe Kanal" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "Pescara", "significant event", "Bombing of Pescara in World War II" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "Pescara", "connects with", "European route E55" ]		null	null	null	null	12
[ "Pescara", "connects with", "European route E80" ]		null	null	null	null	13
[ "Pescara", "topic's main category", "Category:Pescara" ]		null	null	null	null	31
[ "Bari", "topic's main category", "Category:Bari" ]		null	null	null	null	15
[ "Bari", "connects with", "European route E55" ]		null	null	null	null	17
[ "Bari", "owner of", "Stadio San Nicola" ]		null	null	null	null	18
[ "Bari", "owner of", "AMTAB" ]		null	null	null	null	24
[ "Bari", "owner of", "Stadio della Vittoria" ]		null	null	null	null	25
[ "Bari", "significant event", "Siege of Bari" ]		null	null	null	null	35

[ "Eysturoyartunnilin", "connects with", "Eysturoy" ]

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4

[ "Eysturoyartunnilin", "significant event", "start of manufacturing or construction" ]

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9

[ "Lighter (barge)", "connects with", "tug" ]

A lighter is a type of flat-bottomed barge used to transfer goods and passengers to and from moored ships. Lighters were traditionally unpowered and were moved and steered using long oars called "sweeps" and the motive power of water currents. They were operated by skilled workers called lightermen and were a characteristic sight in London's docks until about the 1960s, when technological changes made this form of lightering largely redundant. Unpowered lighters continue to be moved by powered tugs, however, and lighters may also now themselves be powered. The term is also used in the Lighter Aboard Ship (LASH) system. The name itself is of uncertain origin, but is believed to possibly derive from an old Dutch or German word, lichten (to lighten or unload). In Dutch, the word lichter is still used for smaller ships that take over goods from larger ships. Lighters, albeit powered ones, were proposed to be used in 2007 at Port Lincoln and Whyalla in South Australia to load Capesize ships which are too big for the shallower waters close to shore.Hong Kong widely uses lighters in midstream operations where lighters transport cargo, mostly containers, between oceangoing vessels or to and from terminals. Lighters in Hong Kong are usually equipped with cranes of 40-60 tonnes capacity, and the largest ones can carry up to 300 TEU containers (empties). Lighters are usually not fitted with engines but are towed or pushed by tugboats. In 2007, midstream operators handled about 2 million TEUs and 5 million TEUs were transported as river trade cargo which are heavily dependent on lighters. In the UK, some older lighters have been converted into houseboats (for living on the river). As they lack engine rooms and gearbox, shaft or propellers, this means maximum usage of the hull space into housespace. As they have no propulsion methods, they are towed from conversion sites to permanent or semi-permanent mooring sites. They have macerators to deal with toilet waste.

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1

[ "Lighter (barge)", "connects with", "pusher" ]

A lighter is a type of flat-bottomed barge used to transfer goods and passengers to and from moored ships. Lighters were traditionally unpowered and were moved and steered using long oars called "sweeps" and the motive power of water currents. They were operated by skilled workers called lightermen and were a characteristic sight in London's docks until about the 1960s, when technological changes made this form of lightering largely redundant. Unpowered lighters continue to be moved by powered tugs, however, and lighters may also now themselves be powered. The term is also used in the Lighter Aboard Ship (LASH) system. The name itself is of uncertain origin, but is believed to possibly derive from an old Dutch or German word, lichten (to lighten or unload). In Dutch, the word lichter is still used for smaller ships that take over goods from larger ships. Lighters, albeit powered ones, were proposed to be used in 2007 at Port Lincoln and Whyalla in South Australia to load Capesize ships which are too big for the shallower waters close to shore.Hong Kong widely uses lighters in midstream operations where lighters transport cargo, mostly containers, between oceangoing vessels or to and from terminals. Lighters in Hong Kong are usually equipped with cranes of 40-60 tonnes capacity, and the largest ones can carry up to 300 TEU containers (empties). Lighters are usually not fitted with engines but are towed or pushed by tugboats. In 2007, midstream operators handled about 2 million TEUs and 5 million TEUs were transported as river trade cargo which are heavily dependent on lighters. In the UK, some older lighters have been converted into houseboats (for living on the river). As they lack engine rooms and gearbox, shaft or propellers, this means maximum usage of the hull space into housespace. As they have no propulsion methods, they are towed from conversion sites to permanent or semi-permanent mooring sites. They have macerators to deal with toilet waste.

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2

[ "Lighter (barge)", "topic's main category", "Category:Lighters (ships)" ]

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3

[ "Electrical connector", "connects with", "electrical cable" ]

Jacks and plugs A jack is a connector that installs on the surface of a bulkhead or enclosure, and mates with its reciprocal, the plug. According to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the stationary (more fixed) connector of a pair is classified as a jack (denoted J), usually attached to a piece of equipment as in a chassis-mount or panel-mount connector. The movable (less fixed) connector is classified as a plug (denoted P), designed to attach to a wire, cable or removable electrical assembly. This convention is currently defined in ASME Y14.44-2008, which supersedes IEEE 200-1975, which in turn derives from the long-withdrawn MIL-STD-16 (from the 1950s), highlighting the heritage of this connector naming convention. IEEE 315-1975 works alongside ASME Y14.44-2008 to define jacks and plugs. The term jack occurs in several related terms:

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3

[ "Electrical connector", "topic's main category", "Category:Electrical connectors" ]

Components of an electrical circuit are electrically connected if an electric current can run between them through an electrical conductor. An electrical connector is an electromechanical device used to create an electrical connection between parts of an electrical circuit, or between different electrical circuits, thereby joining them into a larger circuit. Most electrical connectors have a gender – i.e. the male component, called a plug, connects to the female component, or socket. The connection may be removable (as for portable equipment), require a tool for assembly and removal, or serve as a permanent electrical joint between two points. An adapter can be used to join dissimilar connectors. Thousands of configurations of connectors are manufactured for power, data, and audiovisual applications. Electrical connectors can be divided into four basic categories, differentiated by their function: inline or cable connectors permanently attached to a cable, so it can be plugged into another terminal (either a stationary instrument or another cable) Chassis or panel connectors permanently attached to a piece of equipment so users can connect a cable to a stationary device PCB mount connectors soldered to a printed circuit board, providing a point for cable or wire attachment.: 56 (e.g. pin headers, screw terminals, board-to-board connectors) Splice or butt connectors (primarily insulation displacement connectors) that permanently join two lengths of wire or cableIn computing, electrical connectors are considered a physical interface and constitute part of the physical layer in the OSI model of networking.

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16

[ "Electrical connector", "connects with", "wire" ]

Jacks and plugs A jack is a connector that installs on the surface of a bulkhead or enclosure, and mates with its reciprocal, the plug. According to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the stationary (more fixed) connector of a pair is classified as a jack (denoted J), usually attached to a piece of equipment as in a chassis-mount or panel-mount connector. The movable (less fixed) connector is classified as a plug (denoted P), designed to attach to a wire, cable or removable electrical assembly. This convention is currently defined in ASME Y14.44-2008, which supersedes IEEE 200-1975, which in turn derives from the long-withdrawn MIL-STD-16 (from the 1950s), highlighting the heritage of this connector naming convention. IEEE 315-1975 works alongside ASME Y14.44-2008 to define jacks and plugs. The term jack occurs in several related terms:

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17

[ "Electrical connector", "has use", "linkage" ]

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18

[ "Electrical connector", "connects with", "electrical connector" ]

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19

[ "Electrical connector", "has use", "electrical connection" ]

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20

[ "Electrical connector", "different from", "electrical junction" ]

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21

[ "LSD", "connects with", "5-HT receptor" ]

Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Most serotonergic psychedelics are not significantly dopaminergic, and LSD is therefore atypical in this regard. The agonism of the D2 receptor by LSD may contribute to its psychoactive effects in humans.LSD binds to most serotonin receptor subtypes except for the 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. However, most of these receptors are affected at too low affinity to be sufficiently activated by the brain concentration of approximately 10–20 nM. In humans, recreational doses of LSD can affect 5-HT1A (Ki=1.1nM), 5-HT2A (Ki=2.9nM), 5-HT2B (Ki=4.9nM), 5-HT2C (Ki=23nM), 5-HT5A (Ki=9nM [in cloned rat tissues]), and 5-HT6 receptors (Ki=2.3nM). Although not present in humans, 5-HT5B receptors found in rodents also have a high affinity for LSD. The psychedelic effects of LSD are attributed to cross-activation of 5-HT2A receptor heteromers. Many but not all 5-HT2A agonists are psychedelics and 5-HT2A antagonists block the psychedelic activity of LSD. LSD exhibits functional selectivity at the 5-HT2A and 5HT2C receptors in that it activates the signal transduction enzyme phospholipase A2 instead of activating the enzyme phospholipase C as the endogenous ligand serotonin does.Exactly how LSD produces its effects is unknown, but it is thought that it works by increasing glutamate release in the cerebral cortex and therefore excitation in this area, specifically in layers IV and V. LSD, like many other drugs of recreational use, has been shown to activate DARPP-32-related pathways. The drug enhances dopamine D2 receptor protomer recognition and signaling of D2–5-HT2A receptor complexes, which may contribute to its psychotropic effects. LSD has been shown to have low affinity for H1 receptors, displaying antihistamine effects.LSD is a biased agonist that induces a conformation in serotonin receptors that preferentially recruits β-arrestin over activating G proteins. LSD also has an exceptionally long residence time when bound to serotonin receptors lasting hours, consistent with the long lasting effects of LSD despite its relatively rapid clearance. A crystal structure of 5-HT2B bound to LSD reveals an extracellular loop that forms a lid over the diethylamide end of the binding cavity which explains the slow rate of LSD unbinding from serotonin receptors. The related lysergamide lysergic acid amide (LSA) that lacks the diethylamide moiety is far less hallucinogenic in comparison.

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11

[ "LSD", "has use", "drug" ]

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15

[ "LSD", "topic's main category", "Category:Lysergic acid diethylamide" ]

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18

[ "LSD", "has use", "medication" ]

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21

[ "Toronto subway", "connects with", "Toronto Transit Commission bus system" ]

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1

[ "Toronto subway", "owned by", "Toronto Transit Commission" ]

The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). It is a multimodal rail network consisting of three heavy-capacity rail lines operating predominantly underground, and one elevated medium-capacity rail line. As of December 2022, three new lines are under construction: two light rail lines and one light metro line. In 1954, the TTC opened Canada's first underground rail line, then known as the "Yonge subway", under Yonge Street between Union Station and Eglinton Avenue with 12 stations. As of 2018, the network encompasses 75 stations and 76.9 kilometres (47.8 mi) of route. In 2022, the system had a ridership of 235,740,000, or about 880,200 per weekday as of the first quarter of 2023, making it the second busiest rapid transit system in Canada in terms of ridership.Line 6 Finch West Line 6 Finch West, also known as the "Finch West LRT", is an under-construction line being built by Mosaic Transit Group along Finch Avenue. It is to be operated by the Toronto Transit Commission and was also part of the Transit City proposal announced on March 16, 2007. The 11-kilometre (6.8 mi), 18-stop line is to extend from Finch West station on Line 1 Yonge–University to the north campus of Humber College. The line is forecast to carry about 14.6 million rides a year or 40,000 a day by 2031. It is scheduled for completion in 2023, with an estimated cost of $1.2 billion. Construction on this line began in 2019.

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5

[ "Toronto subway", "connects with", "Toronto streetcar system" ]

History Timeline of openings Line 1 Yonge–University Canada's first subway, the Yonge subway, opened in 1954 with a length of 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi). The line ran under or parallel to Yonge Street between Eglinton Avenue and Union station. It replaced the Yonge streetcar line, Canada's first streetcar line. In 1963, the line was extended northwards from Union station under University Avenue to Bloor Street, where it would later connect with the Bloor–Danforth subway (opened in 1966) at the double-deck St. George station. In 1974, the Yonge Street portion of the line was extended from Eglinton station north to Finch station. The Spadina segment of the line was constructed north from St. George station initially to Wilson station in 1978, and in 1996 to Downsview station, renamed Sheppard West in 2017. Part of the Spadina segment runs in the median of Allen Road – an expressway formerly known as the Spadina Expressway – and crosses over Highway 401 on overpasses. Six decades of extensions gave the line a U-shaped route running from its two northern terminals (Finch and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre stations) and looping on its southern end at Union station. The latest extension from Sheppard West to Vaughan opened on December 17, 2017, making the line 38.8 kilometres (24.1 mi) long, over five times its original length.Track Lines 1, 2 and 4 – the heavy-rail lines – run on tracks built to the Toronto gauge of 4 ft 10+7⁄8 in (1,495 mm), the same gauge used on the Toronto streetcar system. According to rail historians John F. Bromley and Jack May, the reason that the Yonge subway was built to the streetcar gauge was that between 1954 and 1965, subway bogies were maintained at the Hillcrest Complex, where the streetcar gauge was used for shop tracks. The Davisville Carhouse was not equipped to perform such heavy maintenance, and the bogies would be loaded onto a specially built track trailer for shipment between Davisville and Hillcrest. This practice ceased with the opening of the shops at the Greenwood Yard in 1965.Line 3 Scarborough uses standard-gauge tracks, as the ICTS design for the line did not allow for the interchange of rail equipment between the subway system and Line 3. When its ICTS vehicles need anything more than basic service (which can be carried out at the McCowan Yard), they are carried by truck to the Greenwood Subway Yard.The Line 5 Eglinton and Line 6 Finch West LRT lines will be constructed with standard-gauge tracks. The projects are receiving a large part of their funding from the Ontario provincial transit authority Metrolinx and, to ensure a better price for purchasing vehicles, it wanted to have a degree of commonality with other similar projects within Ontario.

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12

[ "Toronto subway", "owned by", "Municipal government of Toronto" ]

null

13

[ "Toronto subway", "topic's main category", "Category:Toronto rapid transit" ]

The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). It is a multimodal rail network consisting of three heavy-capacity rail lines operating predominantly underground, and one elevated medium-capacity rail line. As of December 2022, three new lines are under construction: two light rail lines and one light metro line. In 1954, the TTC opened Canada's first underground rail line, then known as the "Yonge subway", under Yonge Street between Union Station and Eglinton Avenue with 12 stations. As of 2018, the network encompasses 75 stations and 76.9 kilometres (47.8 mi) of route. In 2022, the system had a ridership of 235,740,000, or about 880,200 per weekday as of the first quarter of 2023, making it the second busiest rapid transit system in Canada in terms of ridership.

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14

[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "connects with", "Lech" ]

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2

[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "significant event", "1972 Summer Olympics" ]

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4

[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "topic's main category", "Category:Augsburg Eiskanal" ]

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10

[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "significant event", "1985 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships" ]

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13

[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "significant event", "1957 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships" ]

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14

[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "significant event", "2003 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships" ]

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15

[ "Augsburg Eiskanal", "significant event", "Canoe Slalom World Cup" ]

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16

[ "Zielgerät 1229", "connects with", "StG 44" ]

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4

[ "Root canal", "connects with", "Cementoenamel junction" ]

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1

[ "Skyscraper (song)", "performer", "Demi Lovato" ]

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2

[ "Skyscraper (song)", "connects with", "Demi Lovato" ]

"Skyscraper" is a song recorded by American singer Demi Lovato for her third studio album Unbroken (2011). It was released on July 12, 2011 by Hollywood Records, as the lead single from the album. The song was written by Toby Gad, Lindy Robbins and by the Estonian singer Kerli and produced by Gad. American singer Jordin Sparks sang background vocals on the track. It was inspired by a picture of the apocalypse, in which the world was in ruins and among collapsed buildings, one skyscraper was still standing. When the song was recorded, Lovato was very emotional which triggered outbursts and caused her to start crying. On November 1, 2010, Lovato entered a treatment facility to deal with her personal struggles. Lovato was later diagnosed with bipolar disorder. After completing treatment on January 28, 2011, Lovato re-recorded the song, but kept the original recording as Lovato felt it was "symbolic" to her. This ballad speaks of staying strong and believing in oneself. These two ideals strongly represent the journey Lovato went through the previous year, which speaks through Lovato's breathy and quivering vocals throughout the song. The song opens with a lonely piano and as soon accompanied by heavy percussion. A Spanish version of the song, alternatively titled "Rascacielo" was released on August 16."Skyscraper" debuted at number ten on the Billboard Hot 100, spending a total of 15 weeks on the chart. The song became Lovato's highest-charting single since "This Is Me" which peaked at number nine in July 2008. "Skyscraper" sold 176,000 paid digital downloads in the first week of release in the United States, setting a sales record for Lovato. Internationally, the song reached the top 20 in Canada, New Zealand, Denmark, the Republic of Ireland, and the United Kingdom. The song has sold over 1.6 million digital downloads in The United States and has been certified platinum by the RIAA.

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3

[ "Skyscraper (song)", "lyrics by", "Toby Gad" ]

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6

[ "Skyscraper (song)", "follows", "Wouldn't Change a Thing" ]

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12

[ "Skyscraper (song)", "follows", "Me, Myself and Time" ]

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13

[ "Skyscraper (song)", "followed by", "Give Your Heart a Break" ]

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14

[ "Skyscraper (song)", "different from", "Skyscraper" ]

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16

[ "Skyscraper (song)", "performer", "Joseph Sraka" ]

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17

[ "Skyscraper (song)", "connects with", "Joseph Sraka" ]

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18

[ "The Squaire", "connects with", "Frankfurt Airport" ]

The Squaire is an office building in Frankfurt, Germany. It was built between 2006 and 2011 on top of an existing train station (Frankfurt Airport long-distance station) near Frankfurt Airport. The building is 660 m long, 65 m wide, 45 m high, and has nine floors. With a total floor area of 140,000 m2 (1,506,900 sq ft) it is the largest office building in Germany. Its dimensions and design make it a groundscraper. The Squaire is directly connected to Terminal 1 of Frankfurt Airport through a pedestrian connecting corridor.Name The term Squaire is a portmanteau of the words square and air. The name was announced in June 2010. The project's original name was Airrail Center Frankfurt. The term Airrail is a compound of the words air and rail.

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2

[ "The Squaire", "connects with", "Hilton Frankfurt Airport" ]

Tenants The accounting firm KPMG, two Hilton hotels, and Lufthansa occupy space in The Squaire. KPMG has rented 40,000 square metres of office space with 2,150 staff members. In the eastern part are two Hilton hotels: Hilton Garden Inn Frankfurt Airport with 334 rooms and the Hilton Frankfurt Airport with 249 rooms in a total area of 34,500 m2. Lufthansa has leased 18,500 m2, and 1,000 of its employees moved in by the Spring of 2012. A 3,600 square meters area is provided for a medical center. 5,900 square meters is provided for restaurants and shops.

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16

[ "The Squaire", "connects with", "Hilton Garden Inn Frankfurt Airport" ]

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18

[ "The Squaire", "significant event", "start of manufacturing or construction" ]

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19

[ "Catalan Bay", "connects with", "Williams Way" ]

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2

[ "Camera lens", "connects with", "lens mount" ]

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8

[ "Camera lens", "said to be the same as", "objective" ]

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13

[ "Camera lens", "topic's main category", "Category:Photographic lenses" ]

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17

[ "Columbus External Payload Facility", "connects with", "Columbus" ]

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2

[ "Columbus External Payload Facility", "connects with", "Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space" ]

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3

[ "Columbus External Payload Facility", "connects with", "Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor" ]

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4

[ "BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station", "owned by", "Deutsche Bahn" ]

BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station (German: Bahnhof Flughafen BER – Terminal 1-2) and to be named Flughafen BER station from December 2023, is a railway station located under the main terminal of Berlin Brandenburg Airport, Germany serving its Terminals 1 and 2 while the older BER Airport – Terminal 5 station serves its Terminal 5. Most train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn, which provides long-distance and regional connections while S-Bahn Berlin offers suburban lines.

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2

[ "BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station", "connects with", "Berlin Brandenburg Airport" ]

BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station (German: Bahnhof Flughafen BER – Terminal 1-2) and to be named Flughafen BER station from December 2023, is a railway station located under the main terminal of Berlin Brandenburg Airport, Germany serving its Terminals 1 and 2 while the older BER Airport – Terminal 5 station serves its Terminal 5. Most train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn, which provides long-distance and regional connections while S-Bahn Berlin offers suburban lines.History Construction of the station began in 2007 and the construction of the tunnels was completed on 25 June 2009. The station was handed over to Deutsche Bahn on 30 March 2010 and has been electrified since 7 June 2011. The public clients agreed to pay a fixed price of 285 million euros, although the actual construction cost was well below that number. While the airport itself was not in operation, empty trains were running through the tunnels to drive out humidity. DB ultimately sued the airport for damages due to the unused station. The station was opened for regular passenger traffic on 26 October 2020, a few days before opening of the airport. The station is served by Berlin S-Bahn, Regional-Express and InterCity services. The station lies directly under the airport terminal and has six platforms. Two of these are terminating platforms for the S-Bahn lines S45 and S9. The Airport is connected with Berlin Hauptbahnhof (Berlin main station) by the RE 9 Airport Express, with a journey time of 29 minutes as well as slower regional and suburban connections. Upgrades on the Berlin Dresden railway will enable faster and more frequent RE and IC service some time in the 2020s. Due to the closure of Terminal 5, the station will be renamed Flughafen BER station in December 2023, reflecting it is now the sole station serving the airport.Train services The station is served by the following regular service(s): Intercity services IC 17 Dresden – BER Airport – Berlin – Rostock – Warnemünde (every 2 hours) Regional services FEX Berlin Hauptbahnhof – Berlin Gesundbrunnen – Berlin Ostkreuz – BER Airport Regional services RE 8 Wismar – Schwerin – Ludwigslust – Wittenberge – Nauen – Berlin-Spandau – Berlin Hbf – Berlin Ostbf – Berlin Ostkreuz – BER Airport Local services RB 22 Königs Wusterhausen – BER Airport – Ludwigsfelde-Struveshof – Golm – Potsdam Local services RB 23 (Potsdam Golm – Potsdam –) Berlin-Charlottenburg – Berlin Hbf – Berlin Friedrichstraße – Berlin Alexanderplatz – Berlin Ostbf – Berlin Ostkreuz – BER Airport S-Bahn services BER Airport – Schöneweide – Neukölln – Südkreuz S-Bahn services BER Airport – Schöneweide – Ostbahnhof – Alexanderplatz – Hauptbahnhof – Westkreuz – Spandau

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18

[ "BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station", "has part(s) of the class", "White tub" ]

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20

[ "BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station", "has part(s) of the class", "island platform" ]

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21

[ "BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station", "significant event", "topping out" ]

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33

[ "BER Airport – Terminal 1-2 station", "significant event", "start of manufacturing or construction" ]

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41

[ "National road 68 (Poland)", "connects with", "M1 highway" ]

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2

[ "National road 68 (Poland)", "connects with", "National road 2" ]

National road 68 (Polish: Droga krajowa nr 68, abbreviated as DK68) is a main road of accelerated traffic (Polish: droga główna ruchu przyspieszonego) belonging to the Polish national road network. The length of the route is 11.4 kilometres (7.1 mi), of which 5.197 kilometres (3.229 mi) is maintained by General Directorate for National Roads and Highways (Polish: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad, abbreviated as GDDKiA). The highway connects the Kukuryki border crossing on Belarus–Poland border with national road 2 in Wólka Dobryńska. It runs entirely in Lublin Voivodeship, in Biała County (Terespol and Zalesie gminas). According to signage, national road 68 is a component of European highway E30. From February 14, 1986 until the road network reform in 2000, the route was signed as national road 812.In the years 2005 – 2007, the road was reconstructed, as part of which, among others, the surface was renewed and strengthened to a load of 115 kN/axle. Also a concrete parking lane was built, 4 metres (13 ft) wide and approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) long, stretching from the intersection with national road 2 in Wólka Dobryńska to the car terminal in Koroszczyn. The stretch from Koroszczyn terminal to the border crossing is accessible only for large goods vehicles and overlaps with planned course of motorway A2.

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4

[ "Nanteos Mansion", "connects with", "Holy Grail" ]

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1

[ "Nanteos Mansion", "owned by", "William Powell" ]

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5

[ "Nanteos Mansion", "owned by", "William Edward Powell" ]

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11

[ "Cincinnatus (mural)", "connects with", "building" ]

Cincinnatus is a public artwork by Richard Haas in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The mural depicts Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, the namesake of Cincinnati. It's on the Brotherhood Building at Central Parkway and Vine Street. It was commissioned by the Kroger Company 1983 in honor of their 100th year of business. In 2015, the mural was restored by ArtWorks in collaboration with the original artist.

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1

[ "Cincinnatus (mural)", "cause", "centennial" ]

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3

[ "Cincinnatus (mural)", "significant event", "conservation" ]

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5

[ "Cincinnatus (mural)", "depicts", "Cincinnatus" ]

Cincinnatus is a public artwork by Richard Haas in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The mural depicts Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, the namesake of Cincinnati. It's on the Brotherhood Building at Central Parkway and Vine Street. It was commissioned by the Kroger Company 1983 in honor of their 100th year of business. In 2015, the mural was restored by ArtWorks in collaboration with the original artist.== References ==

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7

[ "Death of Sikhosiphi Rhadebe", "connects with", "mining" ]

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2

[ "Saronic Gulf", "connects with", "Gulf of Corinth" ]

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5

[ "Saronic Gulf", "connects with", "Elefsina Gulf" ]

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9

[ "Saronic Gulf", "topic's main category", "Category:Saronic Gulf" ]

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15

[ "Horus", "topic's main category", "Category:Horus" ]

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19

[ "Horus", "connects with", "Eye of Horus" ]

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26

[ "CTIA and GTIA", "has use", "Atari 8-bit family" ]

Features The list below describes CTIA/GTIA's inherent hardware capabilities meaning the intended functionality of the hardware itself, not including results achieved by CPU-serviced interrupts or display kernels driving frequent register changes. CTIA/GTIA is a television interface device with the following features:

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4

[ "CTIA and GTIA", "used by", "Atari 8-bit family" ]

Pinout Registers The Atari 8-bit computers map CTIA/GTIA to the $D0xxhex page and the Atari 5200 console maps it to the $C0xxhex page. CTIA/GTIA provides 54 Read/Write registers controlling Player/Missile graphics, Playfield colors, joystick triggers, and console keys. Many CTIA/GTIA register addresses have dual purposes performing different functions as a Read vs a Write register. Therefore, no code should read Hardware registers expecting to retrieve the previously written value. This problem is solved for many write registers by Operating System Shadow registers implemented in regular RAM as places to store the last value written to registers. Operating System Shadow registers are copied from RAM to the hardware registers during the Vertical Blank. Therefore, any write to hardware registers which have corresponding shadow registers will be overwritten by the value of the Shadow registers during the next Vertical Blank. Some Write registers do not have corresponding Shadow registers. They can be safely written by an application without the value being overwritten during the vertical blank. If the application needs to know the last state of the register then it is the responsibility of the application to remember what it wrote. Operating System Shadow registers also exist for some Read registers where reading the value directly from hardware at an unknown stage in the display cycle may return inconsistent results.

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5

[ "CTIA and GTIA", "connects with", "ANTIC" ]

Color Television Interface Adaptor (CTIA) and its successor Graphic Television Interface Adaptor (GTIA) are custom chips used in the Atari 8-bit family of computers and in the Atari 5200 home video game console. In these systems, a CTIA or GTIA chip works together with ANTIC to produce the video display. ANTIC generates the playfield graphics (text and bitmap) while CTIA/GTIA provides the color for the playfield and adds overlay objects known as player/missile graphics (sprites). Under the direction of Jay Miner, the CTIA/GTIA chips were designed by George McLeod with technical assistance of Steve Smith.Color Television Interface Adaptor and Graphic Television Interface Adaptor are names of the chips as stated in the Atari field service manual. Various publications named the chips differently, sometimes using the alternative spelling Adapter or Graphics, or claiming that the "C" in "CTIA" stands for Colleen/Candy and "G" in "GTIA" is for George.

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7

[ "Fire buff", "connects with", "volunteer fire department" ]

A fire buff is a person with considerable interest (a fan) in fire fighting and emergency services, while not being an active member of these services. Fire buffs may collect or promote information about the local emergency services, raise money for them, or attend emergencies as bystanders. In the latter case, a fire buff may be considered a nuisance or even a danger to operations by active service members. Many fire buffs are organized in associations, a small number of which are integrated into auxiliary services for their local fire stations. The term 'fire buff' is said to go back to the beginning of the 20th century, when early fire buffs attended emergencies during winter time wearing fur coats, thus coming to be called "buffalos".

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0

[ "Daisy chain (climbing)", "connects with", "climbing harness" ]

Daisy chain A daisy chain is a strap, several feet long and typically constructed from one-inch tubular nylon webbing of the same type used in lengthening straps between anchor points and the main rope. The webbing is bar-tacked at roughly two-inch intervals (or, in the past, tied) to create a length of small loops for attachment. Unlike the use of similar devices in backpacking, daisy chains in technical rock climbing are expected to be of sufficient strength to be "load bearing". Daisy chain pockets, however, are not rated to full strength, and can only take static loads. When clipped in, daisy chains should not be shortened by clipping in another pocket to the same carabiner. Failure of the pocket stitching results in the daisy chain disconnecting from the anchor, with potentially fatal consequences. If shortening the daisy chain when clipped in, in order to eliminate dangerous slack, a second carabiner should be used to connect to the anchor.Though daisy chains are sometimes used by free climbers as a type of sling (a quick attachment used from harness directly to a belay anchor), and for ad hoc purposes similar to those of the backpacker, the canonical use for a daisy chain is in aid climbing, wherein the leader will typically attach one end to the harness, and the other to the top-most anchor placement (by carabiner or fifi hook), particularly after having ascended in étriers as high as possible. This allows the leader to hang from the daisy chain while preparing the next anchor placement. The closely spaced loops allow fine-tuning the length from harness to anchor, thereby allowing the best possible reach for the next placement. Daisy chains should not be confused with étriers, also known as aiders, which are short ladders made in the same way, but with larger loops, also used in aid climbing, nor with load-limiting devices often known as screamers (from their first trade name) designed to simulate a dynamic belay.

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0

[ "Daisy chain (climbing)", "has use", "aid climbing" ]

Rock-climbing equipment requires a range of specialized sports equipment, for training, for aid climbing (i.e. to assist in ascending by artificial means), and for free climbing (where protection equipment is needed against the consequences of a fall). Developments in rock-climbing equipment played an important role in the history of rock climbing, enabling climbers to ascend more difficult climbing routes safely, and materially improving the strength, conditioning, and ability of climbers.Daisy chain A daisy chain is a strap, several feet long and typically constructed from one-inch tubular nylon webbing of the same type used in lengthening straps between anchor points and the main rope. The webbing is bar-tacked at roughly two-inch intervals (or, in the past, tied) to create a length of small loops for attachment. Unlike the use of similar devices in backpacking, daisy chains in technical rock climbing are expected to be of sufficient strength to be "load bearing". Daisy chain pockets, however, are not rated to full strength, and can only take static loads. When clipped in, daisy chains should not be shortened by clipping in another pocket to the same carabiner. Failure of the pocket stitching results in the daisy chain disconnecting from the anchor, with potentially fatal consequences. If shortening the daisy chain when clipped in, in order to eliminate dangerous slack, a second carabiner should be used to connect to the anchor.Though daisy chains are sometimes used by free climbers as a type of sling (a quick attachment used from harness directly to a belay anchor), and for ad hoc purposes similar to those of the backpacker, the canonical use for a daisy chain is in aid climbing, wherein the leader will typically attach one end to the harness, and the other to the top-most anchor placement (by carabiner or fifi hook), particularly after having ascended in étriers as high as possible. This allows the leader to hang from the daisy chain while preparing the next anchor placement. The closely spaced loops allow fine-tuning the length from harness to anchor, thereby allowing the best possible reach for the next placement. Daisy chains should not be confused with étriers, also known as aiders, which are short ladders made in the same way, but with larger loops, also used in aid climbing, nor with load-limiting devices often known as screamers (from their first trade name) designed to simulate a dynamic belay.

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[ "Mathäser", "connects with", "München Karlsplatz station" ]

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5

[ "Alte Münze", "connects with", "Alter Hof" ]

It was constructed by court architect Wilhelm Egkl in 1563. Later it served as mint. The inner courtyard has kept its renaissance arcades while the west facade was redesigned in neoclassical style in 1809. Finally the north facade facing got its neogothic decoration when the Maximilianstrasse was built to fit it with the concept of this royal avenue. An arch in the south connects the building with the castle Alter Hof.

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4

[ "Alte Münze", "significant event", "start of manufacturing or construction" ]

It was constructed by court architect Wilhelm Egkl in 1563. Later it served as mint. The inner courtyard has kept its renaissance arcades while the west facade was redesigned in neoclassical style in 1809. Finally the north facade facing got its neogothic decoration when the Maximilianstrasse was built to fit it with the concept of this royal avenue. An arch in the south connects the building with the castle Alter Hof.

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11

[ "Teplice", "connects with", "European route E55" ]

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34

[ "Teplice", "topic's main category", "Category:Teplice" ]

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35

[ "Teplice", "uses", "House number" ]

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37

[ "Beati Paoli", "connects with", "Francisco" ]

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4

[ "Beati Paoli", "connects with", "William II of Sicily" ]

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6

[ "Beati Paoli", "based on", "Legge morale naturale" ]

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9

[ "Beati Paoli", "said to be the same as", "The Punisher" ]

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11

[ "Mittelland Canal", "connects with", "Elbe Lateral Canal" ]

History Construction of the Mittelland Canal was started in 1906, starting from Bergeshövede (municipality Hörstel) on the Dortmund-Ems Canal. The section to Minden on the Weser was opened in February 1915 and was initially named Ems-Weser-Kanal. The section from Minden to Hanover was finished in the autumn of 1916. The section to Sehnde and the branch canal to Hildesheim were completed in 1928, Peine was reached in 1929, and Braunschweig in 1933. The final section to Magdeburg was opened in 1938, thus creating a direct link between Western and Eastern Germany. The branch canal to Salzgitter was opened in 1941. The planned canal bridge over the Elbe, necessary to avoid low water conditions in summer, was not built due to the Second World War.After partitioning of Germany following the Second World War, the Mittelland Canal was split between West Germany and East Germany, with the border to the east of Wolfsburg. To provide access from the western section of the canal to Hamburg and Northern Germany, avoiding both East Germany and the Elbe River's sometimes limited navigability, the Elbe Lateral Canal was opened in 1977. After the reunification of Germany, the importance of the Mittelland Canal as a link from the west to Berlin and the east was reinforced. The project to bridge the Elbe was therefore restarted, and the resulting Magdeburg Water Bridge opened in 2003, providing a direct link to the Elbe-Havel Canal. There are further plans to connect the channel to the Twentekanaal in the Netherlands to shorten the connection towards the Port of Rotterdam.

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0

[ "Mittelland Canal", "topic's main category", "Category:Mittellandkanal" ]

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6

[ "Mittelland Canal", "said to be the same as", "Weser-Elbe Kanal" ]

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7

[ "Pescara", "significant event", "Bombing of Pescara in World War II" ]

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10

[ "Pescara", "connects with", "European route E55" ]

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12

[ "Pescara", "connects with", "European route E80" ]

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13

[ "Pescara", "topic's main category", "Category:Pescara" ]

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31

[ "Bari", "topic's main category", "Category:Bari" ]

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15

[ "Bari", "connects with", "European route E55" ]

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17

[ "Bari", "owner of", "Stadio San Nicola" ]

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18

[ "Bari", "owner of", "AMTAB" ]

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24

[ "Bari", "owner of", "Stadio della Vittoria" ]

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25

[ "Bari", "significant event", "Siege of Bari" ]

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35