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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"man"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"nudity"
] |
Adam and Eve is a pair of oil-on-panel paintings by Hans Baldung Grien, dating to around 1520 and now in the Uffizi in Florence. It is a copy of a pair of works on the same subject by Albrecht Dürer, produced in 1507 and now in the Museo del Prado.Closely connected to another version in Mainz, the two works were first attributed to Hans Baldung Grien by Von Terey (1894) and Max Friedländer, an attribution now accepted by most other art critics. It faithfully follows Dürer's works, with a quicker and drier style and some additional details such as a deer beside Adam and birds symbolising the four humours and other topics. The nudes' idealised beauty is linked to their bodies' fragility in an interpretation of the vanitas theme.
| null | null | null | null | 11 |
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"snake"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"waist-length hair"
] |
Adam and Eve is a pair of oil-on-panel paintings by Hans Baldung Grien, dating to around 1520 and now in the Uffizi in Florence. It is a copy of a pair of works on the same subject by Albrecht Dürer, produced in 1507 and now in the Museo del Prado.Closely connected to another version in Mainz, the two works were first attributed to Hans Baldung Grien by Von Terey (1894) and Max Friedländer, an attribution now accepted by most other art critics. It faithfully follows Dürer's works, with a quicker and drier style and some additional details such as a deer beside Adam and birds symbolising the four humours and other topics. The nudes' idealised beauty is linked to their bodies' fragility in an interpretation of the vanitas theme.
| null | null | null | null | 13 |
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"Adam"
] |
Adam and Eve is a pair of oil-on-panel paintings by Hans Baldung Grien, dating to around 1520 and now in the Uffizi in Florence. It is a copy of a pair of works on the same subject by Albrecht Dürer, produced in 1507 and now in the Museo del Prado.Closely connected to another version in Mainz, the two works were first attributed to Hans Baldung Grien by Von Terey (1894) and Max Friedländer, an attribution now accepted by most other art critics. It faithfully follows Dürer's works, with a quicker and drier style and some additional details such as a deer beside Adam and birds symbolising the four humours and other topics. The nudes' idealised beauty is linked to their bodies' fragility in an interpretation of the vanitas theme.
| null | null | null | null | 14 |
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"serpent in the Bible"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"based on",
"Adam and Eve"
] |
Adam and Eve is a pair of oil-on-panel paintings by Hans Baldung Grien, dating to around 1520 and now in the Uffizi in Florence. It is a copy of a pair of works on the same subject by Albrecht Dürer, produced in 1507 and now in the Museo del Prado.Closely connected to another version in Mainz, the two works were first attributed to Hans Baldung Grien by Von Terey (1894) and Max Friedländer, an attribution now accepted by most other art critics. It faithfully follows Dürer's works, with a quicker and drier style and some additional details such as a deer beside Adam and birds symbolising the four humours and other topics. The nudes' idealised beauty is linked to their bodies' fragility in an interpretation of the vanitas theme.
| null | null | null | null | 17 |
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"contrapposto"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"navel"
] | null | null | null | null | 21 |
|
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"Adam and Eve"
] |
Adam and Eve is a pair of oil-on-panel paintings by Hans Baldung Grien, dating to around 1520 and now in the Uffizi in Florence. It is a copy of a pair of works on the same subject by Albrecht Dürer, produced in 1507 and now in the Museo del Prado.Closely connected to another version in Mainz, the two works were first attributed to Hans Baldung Grien by Von Terey (1894) and Max Friedländer, an attribution now accepted by most other art critics. It faithfully follows Dürer's works, with a quicker and drier style and some additional details such as a deer beside Adam and birds symbolising the four humours and other topics. The nudes' idealised beauty is linked to their bodies' fragility in an interpretation of the vanitas theme.
| null | null | null | null | 25 |
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"red deer"
] | null | null | null | null | 26 |
|
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"Eve"
] |
Adam and Eve is a pair of oil-on-panel paintings by Hans Baldung Grien, dating to around 1520 and now in the Uffizi in Florence. It is a copy of a pair of works on the same subject by Albrecht Dürer, produced in 1507 and now in the Museo del Prado.Closely connected to another version in Mainz, the two works were first attributed to Hans Baldung Grien by Von Terey (1894) and Max Friedländer, an attribution now accepted by most other art critics. It faithfully follows Dürer's works, with a quicker and drier style and some additional details such as a deer beside Adam and birds symbolising the four humours and other topics. The nudes' idealised beauty is linked to their bodies' fragility in an interpretation of the vanitas theme.
| null | null | null | null | 27 |
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"part"
] | null | null | null | null | 28 |
|
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"couple"
] | null | null | null | null | 30 |
|
[
"Adam and Eve (Baldung)",
"depicts",
"fig leaf"
] | null | null | null | null | 31 |
|
[
"OS-tan",
"based on",
"operating system"
] |
OS-tan is an Internet meme consisting of moe anthropomorphs of popular operating systems, originating on the Japanese imageboard Futaba Channel. The designs of OS-tan, which were created by various amateur Japanese artists, are typically female; for example, the personifications of Microsoft Windows operating systems are often depicted as sisters of varying ages. The -tan element in the term is a hypocoristic suffix in Japanese that implies extremely youthful endearment.
Though initially appearing only in fan works, the OS-tan proved popular enough that Microsoft branches in Singapore and Taiwan used the OS-tan concept as the basis for ad campaigns for Internet Explorer and Microsoft Silverlight, respectively.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"OS-tan",
"topic's main category",
"Category:OS-tan and related characters"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Joseph and His Brothers",
"based on",
"Book of Genesis"
] |
Joseph and His Brothers (German: Joseph und seine Brüder, pronounced [ˈjoːzɛf ʊnt ˌzaɪ̯nə ˈbʁyːdɐ]) is a four-part novel by Thomas Mann, written over the course of 16 years. Mann retells the familiar stories of Genesis, from Jacob to Joseph (chapters 27–50), setting it in the historical context of the Amarna Period. Mann considered it his greatest work.The tetralogy consists of:The Stories of Jacob (Die Geschichten Jaakobs; written December 1926 to October 1930, Genesis 27–36)
Young Joseph (Der junge Joseph; written January 1931 to June 1932, Genesis 37)
Joseph in Egypt (Joseph in Ägypten; written July 1932 to 23 August 1936, Genesis 38–39)
Joseph the Provider (Joseph, der Ernährer; written 10 August 1940 to 4 January 1943, Genesis 40–50)
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Replicas of the Statue of Liberty by the Boy Scouts of America",
"based on",
"Statue of Liberty"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"XML",
"based on",
"Unicode"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"XML",
"used by",
"SVG"
] |
Applications
XML has come into common use for the interchange of data over the Internet. Hundreds of document formats using XML syntax have been developed, including RSS, Atom, Office Open XML, OpenDocument, SVG, COLLADA, and XHTML. XML also provides the base language for communication protocols such as SOAP and XMPP. It is the message exchange format for the Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) programming technique.
Many industry data standards, such as Health Level 7, OpenTravel Alliance, FpML, MISMO, and National Information Exchange Model are based on XML and the rich features of the XML schema specification. In publishing, Darwin Information Typing Architecture is an XML industry data standard. XML is used extensively to underpin various publishing formats.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"XML",
"used by",
"Semantic Web"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"XML",
"used by",
"Extensible HyperText Markup Language"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"XML",
"used by",
"OpenDocument"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"XML",
"used by",
"Office Open XML"
] |
Applications
XML has come into common use for the interchange of data over the Internet. Hundreds of document formats using XML syntax have been developed, including RSS, Atom, Office Open XML, OpenDocument, SVG, COLLADA, and XHTML. XML also provides the base language for communication protocols such as SOAP and XMPP. It is the message exchange format for the Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) programming technique.
Many industry data standards, such as Health Level 7, OpenTravel Alliance, FpML, MISMO, and National Information Exchange Model are based on XML and the rich features of the XML schema specification. In publishing, Darwin Information Typing Architecture is an XML industry data standard. XML is used extensively to underpin various publishing formats.
| null | null | null | null | 8 |
[
"XML",
"based on",
"Standard Generalized Markup Language"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"XML",
"topic's main category",
"Category:XML"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"XML",
"uses",
"XML namespace"
] |
XML namespaces enable the same document to contain XML elements and attributes taken from different vocabularies, without any naming collisions occurring. Although XML Namespaces are not part of the XML specification itself, virtually all XML software also supports XML Namespaces.
XML Base defines the xml:base attribute, which may be used to set the base for resolution of relative URI references within the scope of a single XML element.
XML Information Set or XML Infoset is an abstract data model for XML documents in terms of information items. The infoset is commonly used in the specifications of XML languages, for convenience in describing constraints on the XML constructs those languages allow.
XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language) is a family of languages used to transform and render XML documents, split into three parts:
XSLT (XSL Transformations), an XML language for transforming XML documents into other XML documents or other formats such as HTML, plain text, or XSL-FO. XSLT is very tightly coupled with XPath, which it uses to address components of the input XML document, mainly elements and attributes.
XSL-FO (XSL Formatting Objects), an XML language for rendering XML documents, often used to generate PDFs.
XPath (XML Path Language), a non-XML language for addressing the components (elements, attributes, and so on) of an XML document. XPath is widely used in other core-XML specifications and in programming libraries for accessing XML-encoded data.
XQuery (XML Query) is an XML query language strongly rooted in XPath and XML Schema. It provides methods to access, manipulate and return XML, and is mainly conceived as a query language for XML databases.
XML Signature defines syntax and processing rules for creating digital signatures on XML content.
XML Encryption defines syntax and processing rules for encrypting XML content.
XML model (Part 11: Schema Association of ISO/IEC 19757 – DSDL) defines a means of associating any xml document with any of the schema types mentioned above.Some other specifications conceived as part of the "XML Core" have failed to find wide adoption, including XInclude, XLink, and XPointer.
| null | null | null | null | 18 |
[
"XML",
"used by",
"Category:XML-based standards"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"Nice 2 model",
"based on",
"Nice model"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Stretched C",
"based on",
"C"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Long I",
"based on",
"I"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Â",
"based on",
"A"
] |
Â, â (a-circumflex) is a letter of the Inari Sami, Skolt Sami, Romanian, and Vietnamese alphabets. This letter also appears in French, Friulian, Frisian, Portuguese, Turkish, Walloon, and Welsh languages as a variant of the letter "a". It is included in some romanization systems for Khmer, Persian, Russian, and Ukrainian.Khmer
 is used in the UNGEGN romanization system to represent the /ɑː/ sound in Khmer.Persian
 is used in the romanization of Persian to represent the sound /ɒ/ in words such as Fârs.Portuguese
In Portuguese, â is used to mark a stressed /ɐ/ in words whose stressed syllable is nasal and in an unpredictable location within the word, as in "lâmina" (blade) and "âmbar" (amber). Where the location of the stressed syllable is predictable, such as in "ando" (I walk), the circumflex accent is not used. Â /ɐ/ contrasts with á, pronounced /a/.
| null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Ê",
"based on",
"E"
] |
Chinese
In the Pinyin romanization of Standard Mandarin Chinese, ê represents /ɛ/. It corresponds to Zhuyin ㄝ. The circumflex occurs only if ê is the only letter in the syllable: ề /ɛ̂/ (诶; 誒; "eh!"). Without the circumflex, e as, the only letter in the syllable, represents /ɤ/: è /ɤ̂/ (饿; 餓; "hungry"). Elsewhere, /ɛ/ is written as a (before n) or e (at the end of a syllable), with the appropriate tone mark,: xiān /ɕi̯ɛ́n/ (先; "first"), xuǎn /ɕy̯ɛ̀n/ (选; 選; "to choose"), xué /ɕy̯ɛ̌ ~ ɕy̯ě/ (学; 學; "to learn"), xièxie /ɕi̯ɛ̂.ɕi̯ɛ ~ ɕi̯ê.ɕi̯e/ (谢谢; 謝謝; "thanks").
In Pe̍h-ōe-jī, ê is the fifth tone of e: ê (的; possessive, adjectival suffix).French
Diacritics are not considered to be distinct letters of the French alphabet. In French, ê changes the pronunciation of e from /ə/ to /ɛ/. It is used instead of "è" for words that used to be written "es".Friulian
Ê represents /eː/ and /ɛː/.Khmer
Ê is used in UNGEGN romanization system for Khmer to represent /ae/ and /ɛː/, for example Khmêr (ខ្មែរ [kʰmae]) and Dângrêk Mountains (ដងរែក [ɗɑːŋrɛːk]).Kurdish
Ê is the 7th letter of the Kurdish Kurmanji alphabet and represents /eː/.Norwegian Nynorsk
In Nynorsk, ê is used to represent the reduction of the Old Norse sequence <eð>, similar to the use of ê for the historical sequence <es> in French. It is mostly used to differentiate words which otherwise would be spelled the same, e.g. vêr 'weather' and ver, imperative of 'to be'.Vietnamese
Ê is the 9th letter of the Vietnamese alphabet and represents /e/. In Vietnamese phonology, diacritics can be added to form five forms to represent five tones of ê:Ề ề
Ể ể
Ễ ễ
Ế ế
Ệ ệWelsh
In Welsh, ê represents long stressed e [eː] if the vowel would otherwise be pronounced as short [ɛ]: llên [ɬeːn] "literature", as opposed to llen [ɬɛn] "curtain", or gêm [ɡeːm] "game", as opposed to gem [ɡɛm] "gem, jewel". That is useful for borrowed words with a final stress like apêl [apˈeːl] "appeal".
| null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Î",
"based on",
"I"
] |
Î, î (i-circumflex) is a letter in the Friulian, Kurdish, Tupi, Persian Rumi, and Romanian alphabets and phonetic Filipino. This letter also appears in French, Turkish, Italian, Welsh and Walloon as a variant of the letter “i”.Afrikaans
In Afrikaans, î is a punctuated form of i: wîe, the plural of wig ('wedge').French
Î is a letter which appears in several French words, like naître (to be born), abîme (abyss), maître (master), fraîche (fresh), and more. Unlike Â, Ê, and Ô, the circumflex does not alter the pronunciation of î or û.
The circumflex usually denotes the exclusion of a letter (usually an s) that was in a prior version of the word:
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"D with stroke",
"based on",
"D"
] |
Đ (lowercase: đ, Latin alphabet), known as crossed D or dyet, is a letter formed from the base character D/d overlaid with a crossbar. Crossing was used to create eth (ð), but eth has an uncial as its base whereas đ is based on the straight-backed roman d, like in Sámi Languages and Vietnamese. Crossed d is a letter in the alphabets of several languages and is used in linguistics as a voiced dental fricative.Appearance
In the lowercase, the crossbar is usually drawn through the ascender, but when used as a phonetic symbol it may be preferred to draw it through the bowl, in which case it is known as a barred d. In some African languages' orthographies, such as that of Moro, the barred d is preferred.In the uppercase, the crossbar normally crosses just the left stem, but in Vietnamese and Moro it may sometimes cross the entire letter.The DE ligature should not be confused with the Đ. That ligature was used stylistically in pre-19th century Spanish as a contraction for de, as a D with an E superimposed. For example, Universidad DE Guadalajara.Latin
Đ was used in Medieval Latin to mark abbreviations of words containing the letter d. For example, hđum could stand for heredum "of the heirs". Similar crossbars were added to other letters to form abbreviations.South Slavic languages
The crossed d was introduced by the Serbian philologist Đuro Daničić in 1878 for use in Serbo-Croatian in his Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language, replacing the older digraphs dj and gj. Daničić modeled the letter after the Icelandic and Anglo-Saxon letter eth, albeit representing a different sound, the affricate [dʑ]. In 1892 it was officially introduced in Croatian and Slavonian schools (in the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia where the Croatian language was official) and so definitively added to Gaj’s Latin alphabet. The letter thereafter gradually entered daily use, spreading throughout Serbo-Croatian and then to Macedonian (its Latin transliterations are heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian from the Yugoslav period).
The crossed d is today considered a distinct letter, and is placed between Dž and E in alphabetical order. Its Cyrillic equivalent is Ђ ђ. Its partial equivalent in Macedonian is Ѓ ѓ (because only some dialects contain the /dʑ/ sound). When a true đ is not available or desired, it is transcribed as dj in modern Serbo-Croatian, and as gj in Macedonian. The use of dj in place of đ used to be more common in Serbo-Croatian texts, but it is falling out of practice.
| null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"D with stroke",
"different from",
"Ð"
] |
Đ (lowercase: đ, Latin alphabet), known as crossed D or dyet, is a letter formed from the base character D/d overlaid with a crossbar. Crossing was used to create eth (ð), but eth has an uncial as its base whereas đ is based on the straight-backed roman d, like in Sámi Languages and Vietnamese. Crossed d is a letter in the alphabets of several languages and is used in linguistics as a voiced dental fricative.Appearance
In the lowercase, the crossbar is usually drawn through the ascender, but when used as a phonetic symbol it may be preferred to draw it through the bowl, in which case it is known as a barred d. In some African languages' orthographies, such as that of Moro, the barred d is preferred.In the uppercase, the crossbar normally crosses just the left stem, but in Vietnamese and Moro it may sometimes cross the entire letter.The DE ligature should not be confused with the Đ. That ligature was used stylistically in pre-19th century Spanish as a contraction for de, as a D with an E superimposed. For example, Universidad DE Guadalajara.Latin
Đ was used in Medieval Latin to mark abbreviations of words containing the letter d. For example, hđum could stand for heredum "of the heirs". Similar crossbars were added to other letters to form abbreviations.South Slavic languages
The crossed d was introduced by the Serbian philologist Đuro Daničić in 1878 for use in Serbo-Croatian in his Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language, replacing the older digraphs dj and gj. Daničić modeled the letter after the Icelandic and Anglo-Saxon letter eth, albeit representing a different sound, the affricate [dʑ]. In 1892 it was officially introduced in Croatian and Slavonian schools (in the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia where the Croatian language was official) and so definitively added to Gaj’s Latin alphabet. The letter thereafter gradually entered daily use, spreading throughout Serbo-Croatian and then to Macedonian (its Latin transliterations are heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian from the Yugoslav period).
The crossed d is today considered a distinct letter, and is placed between Dž and E in alphabetical order. Its Cyrillic equivalent is Ђ ђ. Its partial equivalent in Macedonian is Ѓ ѓ (because only some dialects contain the /dʑ/ sound). When a true đ is not available or desired, it is transcribed as dj in modern Serbo-Croatian, and as gj in Macedonian. The use of dj in place of đ used to be more common in Serbo-Croatian texts, but it is falling out of practice.Vietnamese
Đ is the seventh letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, after D and before E. Traditionally, digraphs and trigraphs like CH and NGH were considered letters as well, making Đ the eighth letter. Đ is a letter in its own right, rather than a ligature or letter-diacritic combination; therefore, đá would come after dù in any alphabetical listing.
Đ represents a voiced alveolar implosive (/ɗ/) or, according to Thompson (1959), a preglottalized voiced alveolar stop (/ʔd/). Whereas D is pronounced as some sort of dental or alveolar stop in most Latin alphabets, an unadorned D in Vietnamese represents either /z/ (Hanoian) or /j/ (Saigonese).
The Vietnamese alphabet was formally described for the first time in the 17th-century text Manuductio ad Linguam Tunckinensem, attributed to a Portuguese Jesuit missionary, possibly Francisco de Pina or Filipe Sibin. This passage about the letter Đ was later incorporated into Alexandre de Rhodes' seminal Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum:
Another letter written with the symbol đ is completely different than our own and is pronounced by raising the tip of the tongue to the palate of the mouth, immediately removing it, without in any way touching the teeth, for example đa đa: partridge. And this letter is very commonly used at the beginning of a word.
On older typewriters, Đ was located where Z would be in the French AZERTY layout. Alternatively, a hyphen can be overstruck onto a D.
On computers without support for a Vietnamese character set or Unicode, Đ is encoded as DD and đ as dd according to the Vietnamese Quoted-Readable standard. Vietnamese computer users typically input Đ as DD in the Telex and VIQR input methods or as D9 in the VNI input method. In the absence of an input method, the TCVN 6064:1995 and Microsoft Windows Vietnamese keyboard layouts map ZA0-09 (0 on a U.S. keyboard) to đ, or Đ when holding down ⇧ Shift. The Windows layout also maps ZA0-11 (=) to ₫.
Other modes of communication also have dedicated representations of Đ. In Vietnamese Braille, it is ⠙, which corresponds to D in French Braille. In the Vietnamese manual alphabet, Đ is produced by touching the thumb to the index finger. In Morse code, it is rendered – · · – · ·, corresponding to Telex's "DD".Other uses
Phonetic transcription
The lowercase đ is used in some phonetic transcription schemes to represent a voiced dental fricative [ð] (English th in this). Eth (ð) is more commonly used for this purpose, but the crossed d has the advantage of being able to be typed on a standard typewriter, by overlaying a hyphen over a d.Currency symbols
A minuscule form of the letter, đ, is the symbol of the đồng, the currency of Vietnam, by a 1953 decree by Hồ Chí Minh. The South Vietnamese đồng, on the other hand, was symbolized "Đ.", in majuscule. In Unicode, the Vietnamese đồng symbol is properly represented by U+20AB ₫ DONG SIGN, but U+0111 đ LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE is often used instead. In Vietnamese, the đồng sign is written after the amount in superscript, often underlined.
The uppercase form, Ð, is used as the currency symbol for the cryptocurrency Dogecoin.
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"D with stroke",
"different from",
"Ɖ"
] |
Đ (lowercase: đ, Latin alphabet), known as crossed D or dyet, is a letter formed from the base character D/d overlaid with a crossbar. Crossing was used to create eth (ð), but eth has an uncial as its base whereas đ is based on the straight-backed roman d, like in Sámi Languages and Vietnamese. Crossed d is a letter in the alphabets of several languages and is used in linguistics as a voiced dental fricative.Appearance
In the lowercase, the crossbar is usually drawn through the ascender, but when used as a phonetic symbol it may be preferred to draw it through the bowl, in which case it is known as a barred d. In some African languages' orthographies, such as that of Moro, the barred d is preferred.In the uppercase, the crossbar normally crosses just the left stem, but in Vietnamese and Moro it may sometimes cross the entire letter.The DE ligature should not be confused with the Đ. That ligature was used stylistically in pre-19th century Spanish as a contraction for de, as a D with an E superimposed. For example, Universidad DE Guadalajara.Vietnamese
Đ is the seventh letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, after D and before E. Traditionally, digraphs and trigraphs like CH and NGH were considered letters as well, making Đ the eighth letter. Đ is a letter in its own right, rather than a ligature or letter-diacritic combination; therefore, đá would come after dù in any alphabetical listing.
Đ represents a voiced alveolar implosive (/ɗ/) or, according to Thompson (1959), a preglottalized voiced alveolar stop (/ʔd/). Whereas D is pronounced as some sort of dental or alveolar stop in most Latin alphabets, an unadorned D in Vietnamese represents either /z/ (Hanoian) or /j/ (Saigonese).
The Vietnamese alphabet was formally described for the first time in the 17th-century text Manuductio ad Linguam Tunckinensem, attributed to a Portuguese Jesuit missionary, possibly Francisco de Pina or Filipe Sibin. This passage about the letter Đ was later incorporated into Alexandre de Rhodes' seminal Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum:
Another letter written with the symbol đ is completely different than our own and is pronounced by raising the tip of the tongue to the palate of the mouth, immediately removing it, without in any way touching the teeth, for example đa đa: partridge. And this letter is very commonly used at the beginning of a word.
On older typewriters, Đ was located where Z would be in the French AZERTY layout. Alternatively, a hyphen can be overstruck onto a D.
On computers without support for a Vietnamese character set or Unicode, Đ is encoded as DD and đ as dd according to the Vietnamese Quoted-Readable standard. Vietnamese computer users typically input Đ as DD in the Telex and VIQR input methods or as D9 in the VNI input method. In the absence of an input method, the TCVN 6064:1995 and Microsoft Windows Vietnamese keyboard layouts map ZA0-09 (0 on a U.S. keyboard) to đ, or Đ when holding down ⇧ Shift. The Windows layout also maps ZA0-11 (=) to ₫.
Other modes of communication also have dedicated representations of Đ. In Vietnamese Braille, it is ⠙, which corresponds to D in French Braille. In the Vietnamese manual alphabet, Đ is produced by touching the thumb to the index finger. In Morse code, it is rendered – · · – · ·, corresponding to Telex's "DD".Other uses
Phonetic transcription
The lowercase đ is used in some phonetic transcription schemes to represent a voiced dental fricative [ð] (English th in this). Eth (ð) is more commonly used for this purpose, but the crossed d has the advantage of being able to be typed on a standard typewriter, by overlaying a hyphen over a d.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"D with stroke",
"different from",
"Ꟈ"
] |
Vietnamese
Đ is the seventh letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, after D and before E. Traditionally, digraphs and trigraphs like CH and NGH were considered letters as well, making Đ the eighth letter. Đ is a letter in its own right, rather than a ligature or letter-diacritic combination; therefore, đá would come after dù in any alphabetical listing.
Đ represents a voiced alveolar implosive (/ɗ/) or, according to Thompson (1959), a preglottalized voiced alveolar stop (/ʔd/). Whereas D is pronounced as some sort of dental or alveolar stop in most Latin alphabets, an unadorned D in Vietnamese represents either /z/ (Hanoian) or /j/ (Saigonese).
The Vietnamese alphabet was formally described for the first time in the 17th-century text Manuductio ad Linguam Tunckinensem, attributed to a Portuguese Jesuit missionary, possibly Francisco de Pina or Filipe Sibin. This passage about the letter Đ was later incorporated into Alexandre de Rhodes' seminal Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum:
Another letter written with the symbol đ is completely different than our own and is pronounced by raising the tip of the tongue to the palate of the mouth, immediately removing it, without in any way touching the teeth, for example đa đa: partridge. And this letter is very commonly used at the beginning of a word.
On older typewriters, Đ was located where Z would be in the French AZERTY layout. Alternatively, a hyphen can be overstruck onto a D.
On computers without support for a Vietnamese character set or Unicode, Đ is encoded as DD and đ as dd according to the Vietnamese Quoted-Readable standard. Vietnamese computer users typically input Đ as DD in the Telex and VIQR input methods or as D9 in the VNI input method. In the absence of an input method, the TCVN 6064:1995 and Microsoft Windows Vietnamese keyboard layouts map ZA0-09 (0 on a U.S. keyboard) to đ, or Đ when holding down ⇧ Shift. The Windows layout also maps ZA0-11 (=) to ₫.
Other modes of communication also have dedicated representations of Đ. In Vietnamese Braille, it is ⠙, which corresponds to D in French Braille. In the Vietnamese manual alphabet, Đ is produced by touching the thumb to the index finger. In Morse code, it is rendered – · · – · ·, corresponding to Telex's "DD".
| null | null | null | null | 11 |
[
"Breaking Good",
"based on",
"Breaking Bad"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Development of Star Trek 4",
"based on",
"Star Trek"
] |
Star Trek 4 is the working title of an American science fiction film in development at Paramount Pictures based on the television series Star Trek by Gene Roddenberry. It is intended to be the 14th film in the Star Trek film franchise and the fourth installment in the reboot series. There have been several different iterations of the film in development since 2015.
Development of a new Star Trek film following Star Trek Beyond (2016) was revealed before the release of that film, with J. D. Payne and Patrick McKay writing. In December 2017, Quentin Tarantino pitched his own idea for a new Star Trek film to producer J. J. Abrams, and development began separately from the Beyond sequel. S. J. Clarkson was hired to direct the latter in April 2018, but negotiations with stars Chris Pine and Chris Hemsworth ended that August with the actors leaving the project. Noah Hawley was hired in November 2019 to write and direct a new version of the franchise. Tarantino revealed in January 2020 that he had decided not to direct his Star Trek film. Hawley's version was placed on hold that August to allow Paramount to decide on the best direction for the franchise. Kalinda Vazquez was set to write the script for a new film in March 2021.
A separate script from Vasquez's was developed by Lindsey Beer and Geneva Robertson-Dworet, and Matt Shakman was hired to direct that film in July. The script was being re-written by Josh Friedman and Cameron Squires in November, and negotiations for the return of Pine and the rest of the main cast from the reboot series began in February 2022. Shakman left the film that August due to a schedule conflict and Paramount began searching for a new director.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Development of Star Trek 4",
"follows",
"Star Trek Beyond"
] | null | null | null | null | 23 |
|
[
"Lottie (file format)",
"based on",
"JSON"
] |
Lottie is a file format for vector graphics animation, and is named after Charlotte "Lotte" Reiniger, a German pioneer of silhouette animation.Description
Lottie is based in JSON but Lottie files use keys of 1–2 characters in length and are not readable by humans.
It is intended as a lighter alternative to animated GIFs and APNG files for use in the web and mobile and desktop applications.
Being vectorial it is independent of the device resolution.
It can also include raster graphic elements.
It allows to be programmed and interactive.The different player implementations have tradeoffs between CPU, GPU and memory usage.
| null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Lottie (file format)",
"based on",
"Adobe After Effects"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"JSON Feed",
"based on",
"JSON"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Kindle File Format",
"based on",
"HTML5"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Kindle File Format",
"has use",
"reflowable document"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Kindle File Format",
"based on",
"Cascading Style Sheets Level 3"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Kindle File Format",
"based on",
"MOBI"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Windows Media Player Playlist",
"based on",
"Extensible Markup Language"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Precision Graphics Markup Language",
"based on",
"Extensible Markup Language"
] |
Precision Graphics Markup Language (PGML) is an XML-based language for representing vector graphics. It was a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) submission by Adobe Systems, IBM, Netscape, and Sun Microsystems, that was not adopted as a recommendation. PGML is a 2D graphical format, offering precision for graphic artists, guaranteeing that the design created will appear in end user systems with the correct formatting, layout and the precision of color.
PGML and Vector Markup Language, another XML-based vector graphics language W3C submission supported by Autodesk, Hewlett-Packard, Macromedia, Microsoft, and Visio Corporation, were later joined and improved upon to create Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG).
| null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Vector Markup Language",
"based on",
"Extensible Markup Language"
] |
Vector Markup Language (VML) is an obsolete XML-based file format for two-dimensional vector graphics. It was specified in Part 4 of the Office Open XML standards ISO/IEC 29500 and ECMA-376. According to the specification, VML is a deprecated format included in Office Open XML for legacy reasons only.VML was used extensively in MS Office 2007 Word, Excel and PowerPoint documents. In 2012, with the release of Internet Explorer 10, VML became obsolete and is no longer supported by Internet Explorer standard mode. It is a legacy feature that is available in Internet Explorer 10 only when the browser is set to run in modes that emulate the functionality of previous versions of Internet Explorer 6, 7, 8, and 9.
| null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Vector Markup Language",
"different from",
"Virtual Reality Modeling Language"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"JSON Patch",
"based on",
"JSON"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard",
"based on",
"Extensible Markup Language"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Microsoft Office XML formats",
"different from",
"Office Open XML"
] |
The Microsoft Office XML formats are XML-based document formats (or XML schemas) introduced in versions of Microsoft Office prior to Office 2007. Microsoft Office XP introduced a new XML format for storing Excel spreadsheets and Office 2003 added an XML-based format for Word documents.
These formats were succeeded by Office Open XML (ECMA-376) in Microsoft Office 2007.File formats
Microsoft Office Word 2003 XML Format — WordProcessingML or WordML (.XML)
Microsoft Office Excel 2002 and Excel 2003 XML Format — SpreadsheetML (.XML)
Microsoft Office Visio 2003 XML Format — DataDiagramingML (.VDX, .VSX, .VTX)
Microsoft Office InfoPath 2003 XML Format — XML FormTemplate (.XSN) (Compressed XML templates in a Cabinet file)
Microsoft Office InfoPath 2003 XML Format — XMLS FormTemplate (.XSN) (Compressed XML templates in a Cabinet file)Limitations and differences with Office Open XML
Besides differences in the schema, there are several other differences between the earlier Office XML schema formats and Office Open XML.Whereas the data in Office Open XML documents is stored in multiple parts and compressed in a ZIP file conforming to the Open Packaging Conventions, Microsoft Office XML formats are stored as plain single monolithic XML files (making them quite large, compared to OOXML and the Microsoft Office legacy binary formats). Also, embedded items like pictures are stored as binary encoded blocks within the XML. In case of Office Open XML, the header, footer, comments of a document etc. are all stored separately.
XML Spreadsheet documents cannot store Visual Basic for Applications macros, auditing tracer arrows, chart and other graphic objects, custom views, drawing object layers, outlining, scenarios, shared workbook information and user-defined function categories. In contrast, the newer Office Open XML formats support full document fidelity.
Poor backward compatibility with the version of Word/Excel prior to the one in which they were introduced. For example, Word 2002 cannot open Word 2003 XML files unless a third-party converter add-in is installed. Microsoft has released a Word 2003 XML Viewer which allows WordProcessingML files saved by Word 2003 to be viewed as HTML from within Internet Explorer. For Office Open XML, Microsoft provides converters for Office 2003, Office XP and Office 2000.
Office Open XML formats are also defined for PowerPoint 2007, equation editing (Office MathML), vector drawing, charts and text art (DrawingML).
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Microsoft Office XML formats",
"based on",
"Extensible Markup Language"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Standard Galactic Alphabet",
"based on",
"Latin script"
] |
Legacy
Ideas from the Deep's first royalty check from Apogee in January 1991 convinced them that they no longer needed their day jobs at Softdisk but could devote themselves full-time to their own ideas, leading to the founding of id Software in February. In the summer of 1991, id hosted a seminar for game developers with the intention of licensing the Commander Keen engine; they did so, forming the spiritual predecessor to both QuakeCon and id's standard of licensing their game engines.One of the enemies created for "Secret of the Oracle", the Dopefish, has since the game's release become one of the video game industry's biggest in-jokes, making cameo appearances in other games. The Dopefish, which Hall describes as "just a stupid green fish", is described in "Secret of the Oracle" as "the second-dumbest creature in the universe". It has appeared in dozens of other games since its initial appearance, as references, images, or the phrase "Dopefish Lives".
The Standard Galactic Alphabet, a writing system used to depict alien languages in the galaxy throughout the series, is used for textual signs and directions and was created by Tom Hall beginning with Invasion of the Vorticons as a way to pass hidden messages to players. It is a substitution cipher to the Latin alphabet, including the letters A-Z, opening and closing quotation marks, and a full stop. In 2019, it was added to the Under-ConScript Unicode Registry, using the codepoints U+EB40 to U+EB5F , and is included in the GNU Unifont CSUR extension. The Standard Galactic Alphabet also appears in the game Minecraft as the script and symbols used for its Enchanting Table.
In January 2018, John Romero and Tom Hall stated on Twitter that Billy Blaze is the grandson of Wolfenstein protagonist William "B.J." Blazkowicz and the father of Doomguy from Doom. Commander Keen himself has appeared or has been referenced in many other video games over the years, including Doom II, Duke Nukem, Bio Menace and more recently in Doom.A number of fan-made Commander Keen games have been created since the publication of the original titles, with a fan website, the Public Commander Keen Forum, devoted to their creation, announcement, and discussion. Since the release of utilities to modify the levels and graphics in the original Keen series in 2002, more than fifty mods have been made, most of which feature Commander Keen as the protagonist. These mods include "Commander Genius", an engine, released for multiple platforms, which interprets the episodes as a "retro-evolved" game, with re-polished graphics, a multiplayer compatibility, and a level editor, ports and remakes on different platforms, and The Universe Is Toast! mod, an unofficial sequel trilogy of games.In January 2013, Tom Hall began development of Worlds of Wander, a tool for creating platform games, and the following month began a Kickstarter campaign for the tool and associated game, Secret Spaceship Club, which he described as a spiritual successor to Commander Keen. The project was unsuccessful in reaching its goal, though Hall said that he planned to continue working on it in his spare time.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Standard Galactic Alphabet",
"used by",
"Minecraft"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Standard Galactic Alphabet",
"used by",
"Quake 4"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Standard Galactic Alphabet",
"used by",
"Anachronox"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Standard Galactic Alphabet",
"used by",
"Rise of the Triad"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Standard Galactic Alphabet",
"used by",
"Commander Keen Episode One: Marooned on Mars"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Southeastern Iberian script",
"based on",
"Greek alphabet"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Southeastern Iberian script",
"based on",
"Phoenician alphabet"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"GimPhoto",
"based on",
"GIMP"
] |
GimPhoto is a modification of the free and open source graphics program GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP), with the intent to be a free replacement to Adobe Photoshop.
It has a new menu layout, new brushes and gradient sets. Its primary purpose is to enhance GIMP in terms of user interface, use of the best plugins and other resources combined with the latest stable version of GIMP. Because the menu layouts are much closer to Photoshop's, adaptation from Photoshop is much quicker than GIMP.Version 24.1 for Windows is with new installer for Windows 8.1 including 7 and new 10.
Version 26.1 for Mac OS X 10.6+ is also available. It is based on GIMP 2.6.8 and needs X11.
| null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Glimpse (software)",
"based on",
"GIMP"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Photozincography of Domesday Book",
"based on",
"Domesday Book"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Tutonish",
"based on",
"Germanic"
] |
Tutonish (also called Teutonish, Teutonik, Allteutonish, Altutonish, Alteutonik, Nu Teutonish, Niu Teutonish, or Neuteutonish) is a constructed language created by Elias Molee. He worked on it for several years, and he reformed it multiple times, in 1906 under the name nu teutonish, in 1911 under the name altutonish and in 1915 under the name alteutonik. It is known to be the first Pan-Germanic language.
In creating it, Molee was clearly influenced by Giuseppe Peano but chose to create a language for people based on Germanic roots instead of Romance ones. However, he created an "inter-Romance" version of his language to be used among Romance-speaking people as well.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Tutonish",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Tutonish"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Tutonish",
"different from",
"Proto-Germanic"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Stonehenge II",
"based on",
"moai"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Stonehenge II",
"based on",
"Stonehenge"
] |
Stonehenge II is a concrete sculpture in the Texas Hill Country, US, built in homage to the original Stonehenge monument. Stonehenge II was conceived by Al Shepperd and built with the help of his friend and neighbor, Doug Hill. Originally located on FM 1340 west of Hunt, Texas, Stonehenge II now resides on the campus of the Hill Country Arts Foundation in Ingram, Texas (78025).
According to the signage at the site: "Stonehenge II is not a replica; it is about 2/3 the size of the original, and it is not oriented to the sun, as is the original. Rather, it is Hill's impression, in steel and concrete, of the nearly 5,000 year old circle of stones on the Salisbury Plain."In addition to the constructed and real stones comprising the monument, there are also two fabricated Moai, or Easter Island (Rapa Nui/Isla de Pascua) statues located at the Hill Country Arts Foundation. These imitation Moai are made of the same material as the Stonehenge II stones.,
| null | null | null | null | 6 |
[
"Technodrome",
"based on",
"Death Star"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"EPC QR code",
"based on",
"QR code"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"EPC QR code",
"has use",
"wire transfer"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Era Fascista",
"based on",
"Gregorian calendar"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Anthem of Europe",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"European Union"
] |
"Anthem of Europe" or "European Anthem" is an extract from the prelude of "Ode to Joy", the final movement of Beethoven's 9th Symphony composed in 1823. In 1972, the Council of Europe adopted it as an anthem to represent Europe, and later in 1985 it was also adopted by the European Union.Its purpose is to honour shared European values. The EU describes it as expressing the ideals of freedom, peace and solidarity. The anthem is played on official occasions such as political or civil events.History
Friedrich Schiller wrote the poem "An die Freude" ("To Joy") in 1785 as a "celebration of the brotherhood of man". In later life, the poet was contemptuous of this popularity and dismissed the poem as typical of "the bad taste of the age" in which it had been written. After Schiller's death, the poem provided the words for the choral movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's 9th Symphony.
In 1971 the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe decided to propose adopting the prelude to the "Ode to Joy" from Beethoven's 9th Symphony as the anthem, taking up a suggestion made by Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi in 1955. Beethoven was generally seen as the natural choice for a European anthem. The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe officially announced the European Anthem on 19 January 1972 at Strasbourg: the prelude to "Ode to Joy", 4th movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's 9th symphony.
Conductor Herbert von Karajan was asked to write three instrumental arrangements – for solo piano, for wind instruments and for symphony orchestra and he conducted the performance used to make the official recording. Karajan decided on a decidedly slower tempo, using crotchet (quarter note) = 120 whereas Beethoven had written minim (half note) = 80.The anthem was launched via a major information campaign on Europe Day in 1972, without a public holiday, since it is close to May Day. In 1985, it was adopted by EU heads of state and government as the official anthem of the then European Community – since 1993 the European Union. It is not intended to replace the national anthems of the member states but rather to celebrate the values they all share and their unity in diversity. It expresses the ideals of a united Europe: freedom, peace, and solidarity. A connection to the Constitution of the European Union is eagerly awaited.
It was to have been included in the European Constitution along with the other European symbols; however, the treaty failed ratification and was replaced by the Treaty of Lisbon, which does not include any symbols. A declaration was attached to the treaty, in which sixteen member states formally recognised the proposed symbols. In response, the European Parliament decided that it would make greater use of the anthem, for example at official occasions. In October 2008, the Parliament changed its rules of procedure to have the anthem played at the opening of Parliament after elections and at formal sittings.
| null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Anthem of Europe",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Council of Europe"
] |
"Anthem of Europe" or "European Anthem" is an extract from the prelude of "Ode to Joy", the final movement of Beethoven's 9th Symphony composed in 1823. In 1972, the Council of Europe adopted it as an anthem to represent Europe, and later in 1985 it was also adopted by the European Union.Its purpose is to honour shared European values. The EU describes it as expressing the ideals of freedom, peace and solidarity. The anthem is played on official occasions such as political or civil events.
| null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Anthem of Europe",
"based on",
"Symphony No. 9"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Anthem of Europe",
"different from",
"Te Deum"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Anthem of Europe",
"based on",
"Ode to Joy"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Steradian",
"based on",
"metre"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Watt",
"based on",
"joule"
] |
The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3. It is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer. The watt is named in honor of James Watt (1736–1819), an 18th-century Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved the Newcomen engine with his own steam engine in 1776. Watt's invention was fundamental for the Industrial Revolution.Overview
When an object's velocity is held constant at one meter per second against a constant opposing force of one newton, the rate at which work is done is one watt.1
W
=
1
J
/
s
=
1
N
⋅
m
/
s
=
1
k
g
⋅
m
2
⋅
s
−
3
{\displaystyle \mathrm {1~W=1~J{/}s=1~N{\cdot }m{/}s=1~kg{\cdot }m^{2}{\cdot }s^{-3}} }
In terms of electromagnetism, one watt is the rate at which electrical work is performed when a current of one ampere (A) flows across an electrical potential difference of one volt (V), meaning the watt is equivalent to the volt-ampere (the latter unit, however, is used for a different quantity from the real power of an electrical circuit).
| null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Watt",
"based on",
"second"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Watt",
"different from",
"W"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Watt",
"different from",
"Watt"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Watt",
"said to be the same as",
"joule per second"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Watt",
"said to be the same as",
"kilogram square metre per cubic second"
] | null | null | null | null | 16 |
|
[
"Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar",
"based on",
"Julian calendar"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Eastern Orthodox calendar"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar",
"based on",
"Revised Julian Calendar"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar",
"has part(s) of the class",
"day in the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"SOAP Service Description Language",
"based on",
"Extensible Markup Language"
] |
SOAP (formerly an acronym for Simple Object Access Protocol) is a messaging protocol specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of web services in computer networks. It uses XML Information Set for its message format, and relies on application layer protocols, most often Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), although some legacy systems communicate over Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), for message negotiation and transmission.
SOAP allows developers to invoke processes running on different operating systems (such as Windows, macOS, and Linux) to authenticate, authorize, and communicate using Extensible Markup Language (XML). Since Web protocols like HTTP are installed and running on practically all operating systems, SOAP allows clients to invoke web services and receive responses independent of language and platforms.Characteristics
SOAP provides the Messaging Protocol layer of a web services protocol stack for web services. It is an XML-based protocol consisting of three parts:
| null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"SOAP Service Description Language",
"has use",
"web API"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"SOAP Service Description Language",
"has use",
"web service"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"CellML",
"based on",
"Extensible Markup Language"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"R2ML",
"based on",
"Extensible Markup Language"
] |
The REWERSE Rule Markup Language (R2ML) is developed by the REWERSE Working Group I1 for the purpose of rules interchange between different systems and tools.Scope
An XML based rule language;
Support for: integrity rules, derivation rules, production rules and reaction rules;
Integrate functional languages (such as OCL) with Datalog languages (such as SWRL);
Serialization and interchange of rules by specific software tools;
Integrating rule reasoning with actual server side technologies;
Deploying, publishing and communicating rules in a network.
| null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Journal Article Tag Suite",
"based on",
"Extensible Markup Language"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Journal Article Tag Suite",
"has use",
"scientific publication"
] |
The Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS) is an XML format used to describe scientific literature published online. It is a technical standard developed by the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) and approved by the American National Standards Institute with the code Z39.96-2012.
The NISO project was a continuation of the work done by NLM/NCBI, and popularized by the NLM's PubMed Central as a de facto standard for archiving and interchange of scientific open-access journals and its contents with XML.
With the NISO standardization the NLM initiative has gained a wider reach, and several other repositories, such as SciELO and Redalyc, adopted the XML formatting for scientific articles.
The JATS provides a set of XML elements and attributes for describing the textual and graphical content of journal articles
as well as some non-article material such as letters, editorials, and book and product reviews.
JATS allows for descriptions of the full article content or just the article header metadata;
and allows other kinds of contents, including research and non-research articles, letters, editorials, and book and product reviews.Journal Archiving and Interchange (Green)
"The most permissive of the Tag Sets," primarily intended for the capture and archiving of extant journal data.
Journal Publishing (Blue)
"A moderately prescriptive Tag Set," intended for general use in journal production and publication.
Formally this model is a subset of the Archiving model. This is the most frequently used JATS variant.
Article Authoring (Orange)
"The most prescriptive [tightest and smallest] of the Tag Sets," intended for the relatively lightweight creation of journal articles valid to JATS.
Formally this model a subset of the Publishing model.Document type definitions (also released in the form of RELAX NG and XML schema) define each set and incorporate other standards such as MathML and XHTML Tables (although not in the XHTML namespace).JATS central repositories
As NISO JATS began the de facto and de jure standard for open access journals, the scientific community has adopted the JATS repositories as a kind of legal deposit, sometimes deemed more valuable than the traditional digital libraries where only a PDF version is stored. Open knowledge need richer and structured formats as JATS: PDF and JATS must be certified as "same content", and the set "PDF+JATS" forming the unit of legal deposit.
List of JATS repositories and its contained:
| null | null | null | null | 8 |
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