triplets
list | passage
stringlengths 0
32.9k
| label
stringlengths 4
48
⌀ | label_id
int64 0
1k
⌀ | synonyms
list | __index_level_1__
int64 312
64.1k
⌀ | __index_level_0__
int64 0
2.4k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Operalia",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Operalia, The World Opera Competition"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Smolensk Kremlin",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Smolensk Kremlin"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Smolensk Kremlin",
"founded by",
"Feodor I of Russia"
] |
The Smolensk Kremlin (Russian: Смоленский кремль) is a fortified complex (kremlin) enclosing the center of the city of Smolensk in western Russia. The partially preserved fortress wall was built between 1595 and 1602, during the reigns of the tsars Feodor I and Boris Godunov. The length of the walls is about 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi), of which less than the half was preserved. The fortifications were built under the supervision of the architect Fyodor Kon. The Smolensk Kremlin is classified as an architectural monument protected at the federal level, and also has a great historical significance, in particular, as the fortress protecting the Russian state from the west over centuries.
| null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Bucerius Law School",
"founded by",
"ZEIT-Stiftung"
] |
Bucerius Law School (pronounced [buˈtseʁius]) is a private law school located in Hamburg, Germany. The school is the first private law school in Germany. It admits approximately 100 undergraduate students per year.Origins and structure
Bucerius Law School was founded in 2000 by one of Germany's largest foundations, ZEIT-Stiftung Ebelin und Gerd Bucerius following the model of law schools in the United States, and bearing the name of Gerd Bucerius, a noted German judge, attorney, journalist, politician and founding publisher of Germany's leading weekly newspaper, Die Zeit. Organized as a non-profit GmbH, its mission statement is "Freedom of Thought – Academic Renewal – Social Responsibility".
There are specific institutes for corporate and capital market law, the law of foundations and non-profit organizations, dispute resolution and for IP and Media Law. The school attracts a large number of visiting scholars and speakers from all over the world and hosts conferences on various topics.
| null | null | null | null | 21 |
[
"Bucerius Law School",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Bucerius Law School"
] | null | null | null | null | 103 |
|
[
"Opus Dei",
"founded by",
"Josemaría Escrivá"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Opus Dei",
"owner of",
"Torreciudad"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Opus Dei",
"owner of",
"prelatic church of Our Lady of Peace"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Opus Dei",
"owner of",
"Greygarth Hall"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Opus Dei",
"owner of",
"Colegio Mayor Universitario Moncloa"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Opus Dei",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Opus Dei"
] | null | null | null | null | 17 |
|
[
"Opus Dei",
"owner of",
"Villa Tevere"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"Opus Dei",
"owner of",
"crypt of Villa Tevere"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"Islamic Azad University",
"founded by",
"Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani"
] |
The Islamic Azad University (IAU; Persian: دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی, Dāneshgāh-e Āzād-e Eslāmi) is a private university system headquartered in Tehran, Iran. It is one of the largest comprehensive systems of universities, colleges, and community colleges in the world. Besides Iran, the university has international satellite branches in countries such as Afghanistan, the United Arab Emirates, Lebanon and the United Kingdom.History
Headquartered in Tehran, Iran, the Islamic Azad University is the world's sixth-largest university. It was approved and ratified by the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution in 1982, having been founded and established by Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. It has an enrollment of 1 million students. Since its inception in 1982, it has grown both physically and academically to become one of the largest higher education institutions globally. Over the years, IAU has promoted 'higher education for all' as its key objective. IAU has two independent and 31 state university branches across Iran, and four branches in other countries: the U.A.E., the United Kingdom, Lebanon and Afghanistan. Over the years, the university has accumulated assets estimated to be worth $20–25 billion.The Islamic Azad University's activities quickly expanded throughout the country, so that today thousands of students are enrolling every year. Not relying on government funding, it receives charitable donations and charges tuition fees.The certificates issued by this university are recognized by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and Ministry of Health and Medical Education for medical education. The university admits students through the National Wide Entrance Examination held by the National (Iranian) Organization of Educational Testing.
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Islamic Azad University",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Islamic Azad University"
] | null | null | null | null | 29 |
|
[
"Chulalongkorn University",
"owner of",
"Chulalongkorn University Stadium"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Chulalongkorn University",
"founded by",
"Vajiravudh"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"Chulalongkorn University",
"owner of",
"Chamchuri Square"
] | null | null | null | null | 25 |
|
[
"Chulalongkorn University",
"owner of",
"Chulalongkorn University Book Center"
] | null | null | null | null | 26 |
|
[
"Chulalongkorn University",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Chulalongkorn University"
] | null | null | null | null | 27 |
|
[
"Chulalongkorn University",
"owner of",
"Chula Expo"
] | null | null | null | null | 29 |
|
[
"Chulalongkorn University",
"owner of",
"Daraphirom Palace"
] | null | null | null | null | 30 |
|
[
"Chulalongkorn University",
"owner of",
"Chulalongkorn University Broadcasting Station"
] | null | null | null | null | 32 |
|
[
"Chulalongkorn University",
"owner of",
"Chulalongkorn University Auditorium"
] | null | null | null | null | 33 |
|
[
"Chulalongkorn University",
"owner of",
"Sala Prakieo"
] | null | null | null | null | 34 |
|
[
"Chulalongkorn University",
"owner of",
"Ruen Thai Chulalongkorn University"
] | null | null | null | null | 35 |
|
[
"Chulalongkorn University",
"owner of",
"Chulalongkorn University Museum"
] | null | null | null | null | 36 |
|
[
"Gladstone's Library",
"founded by",
"William Ewart Gladstone"
] |
History
The library was founded by William Gladstone in 1894. He was eager to share his personal library with others, especially those who faced financial constraint. He would allow bright children and young adults of the village of Hawarden to use his collection. His daughter Mary Gladstone said that his desire was to "bring together books who had no readers with readers who had no books".In 1895, at the age of 85, William Gladstone gave £40,000 to the library as well as much of his own book collection. With the help of his daughter and his valet, he wheeled 32,000 books three quarters of a mile (1.2km) between his home at Hawarden Castle and the library. He unpacked them and put them onto shelves using his own classification system.
In a diary entry dated 23 December 1895, he described the library's founding:
"I have this day constituted my trust at St Deiniol's. The cost of the work has been I think £41 to £42000, including some charges of maintenance to Dec. 31. 95. May God of His mercy prosper it."Following his death in 1898, a public appeal was launched for funds to provide a permanent building to house the collection and replace the temporary structure. The £9,000 raised provided an imposing building, designed by John Douglas, which was officially opened by Earl Spencer on 14 October 1902 as the National Memorial to W.E. Gladstone. The Gladstone family fulfilled the founder's vision by funding the residential wing, which welcomed its first resident on 29 June 1906.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Zuihōden",
"founded by",
"Date Tadamune"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Hartvig Nissen School",
"founded by",
"Hartvig Nissen"
] |
History
It was established in 1849 by Hartvig Nissen and was originally a private girls' school, named Nissen's Girls' School (Nissens Pigeskole, later changed to the modern spelling Nissens Pikeskole). The school was privately owned, usually by its headmasters, until it was sold to Christiania Municipality in 1918. Nissen's Girls' School was the first institution in Norway to offer examen artium—the university entrance exam—for women. Then-owner Bernhard Cathrinus Pauss also established the first tertiary education for women in Norway, a women's teacher's college named Nissen's Teachers' College (Nissens Lærerinneskole).
| null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Medellín Cartel",
"founded by",
"Pablo Escobar"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Medellín Cartel",
"founded by",
"Fabio Ochoa Vásquez"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Medellín Cartel",
"founded by",
"Juan David Ochoa Vásquez"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Medellín Cartel",
"founded by",
"Jorge Luis Ochoa Vásquez"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Medellín Cartel",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Medellín Cartel"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Nagahama Castle",
"founded by",
"Toyotomi Hideyoshi"
] |
History
Nagahama Castle was built in 1575-1576 by Hashiba Hideyoshi (later known as Toyotomi Hideyoshi) in the village then called Imahama, renaming the area Nagahama. Previously, he had ruled from Odani Castle, though found this hard to do as it was a yamashiro (mountaintop castle). Hideyoshi was succeeded as lord by Yamanouchi Kazutoyo after the 1583 Battle of Shizugatake. Kazutoyo was then replaced by Naito Nobunari after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. In 1615, the castle was demolished, though parts of it were used in the construction of Hikone Castle.
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Nagahama Castle",
"replaces",
"Odani Castle"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Air Greenland",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Air Greenland"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Air Greenland",
"founded by",
"Kryolitselskabet Øresund"
] |
1960s
The airline was established on 7 November 1960 as Grønlandsfly A/S, by the Scandinavian Airlines System (now SAS) and Kryolitselskabet Øresund, a Danish mining company involved with the cryolite operations at Ivittuut to provide transport and logistics for four American radar bases in Greenland. In 1962, interests in the firm were acquired by the Provincial Council (now the Greenland Home Rule Government) and the Royal Greenland Trade Department (now KNI).The first flights serving the American bases in Greenland operated lightweight DHC-3 Otters and Sikorsky S-55 helicopters chartered from Canada. After a crash in 1961, Grønlandsfly used PBY Catalina water planes and DHC-6 Twin Otters on domestic routes. One of the Catalinas then crashed in 1962. In 1965, the Douglas DC-4 became the line's first larger airplane. It was followed by Sikorsky S-61 helicopters, which have remained in use: in 2010, they still served the communities of Kujalleq municipality in southern Greenland year-round and those of Disko Bay during the winter.
| null | null | null | null | 8 |
[
"Air Greenland",
"founded by",
"Scandinavian Airlines"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Munger",
"founded by",
"Chandragupta Maurya"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"ShoeDazzle",
"founded by",
"Kim Kardashian"
] |
History
The company was founded by Kim Kardashian, Brian Lee, Robert Shapiro and M.J. Eng in 2009.In September 2011, Bill Strauss, the former CEO of Provide Commerce (which operates sites such as ProFlowers), became ShoeDazzle's CEO. Co-founder Lee became chairman. In March 2012, ShoeDazzle dropped its $39.95 monthly subscription model and expanded into apparel, handbags, weddings and lingerie.In 2013, fashion expert Rachel Zoe joined ShoeDazzle as Chief Stylist.In August 2013, ShoeDazzle was acquired by rival online fashion subscription service JustFab. The two companies continued to run independently as separate brands.
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"ShoeDazzle",
"founded by",
"Brian Lee"
] |
History
The company was founded by Kim Kardashian, Brian Lee, Robert Shapiro and M.J. Eng in 2009.In September 2011, Bill Strauss, the former CEO of Provide Commerce (which operates sites such as ProFlowers), became ShoeDazzle's CEO. Co-founder Lee became chairman. In March 2012, ShoeDazzle dropped its $39.95 monthly subscription model and expanded into apparel, handbags, weddings and lingerie.In 2013, fashion expert Rachel Zoe joined ShoeDazzle as Chief Stylist.In August 2013, ShoeDazzle was acquired by rival online fashion subscription service JustFab. The two companies continued to run independently as separate brands.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Servetism",
"founded by",
"Michael Servetus"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Belvoir Castle (Israel)",
"founded by",
"Order of Hospitallers"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Belvoir Castle (Israel)",
"significant event",
"slighting"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Cambron Abbey",
"founded by",
"Bernard of Clairvaux"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"University of Göttingen",
"owner of",
"Gesellschaft für wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeitung mbH Göttingen"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"University of Göttingen",
"topic's main category",
"Category:University of Göttingen"
] | null | null | null | null | 17 |
|
[
"University of Göttingen",
"founded by",
"George II of Great Britain"
] |
History
Inauguration
In 1734, King George II of Great Britain, who was also Elector of Hanover, gave his Prime Minister in Hanover, Gerlach Adolph von Münchhausen, the order to establish a university in Göttingen to propagate the ideas and values associated with the European Enlightenment.
| null | null | null | null | 19 |
[
"Villa Borghese gardens",
"owned by",
"Italy"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Villa Borghese gardens",
"founded by",
"Paul V"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Villa Borghese gardens",
"founded by",
"Scipione Borghese"
] |
Villa Borghese is a landscape garden in Rome, containing a number of buildings, museums (see Galleria Borghese) and attractions. It is the third-largest public park in Rome (80 hectares or 197.7 acres), after the ones of the Villa Doria Pamphili and Villa Ada. The gardens were developed for the Villa Borghese Pinciana ("Borghese villa on the Pincian Hill"), built by the architect Flaminio Ponzio, developing sketches by Scipione Borghese, who used it as a villa suburbana, or party villa, at the edge of Rome, and to house his art collection. The gardens as they are now were remade in the late 18th century.History
In 1605, Cardinal Scipione Borghese, nephew of Pope Paul V and patron of Bernini, began turning this former vineyard into the most extensive gardens built in Rome since Antiquity. The vineyard's site is identified with the gardens of Lucullus, the most famous in the late Roman republic. In the 19th century much of the garden's former formality was remade as a landscape garden in the English taste (illustration, right). The Villa Borghese gardens were long informally open, but were bought by the commune of Rome and given to the public in 1903. The large landscape park in the English taste contains several villas. The Spanish Steps lead up to this park, and there is another entrance at the Porte del Popolo by Piazza del Popolo. The Pincio (the Pincian Hill of ancient Rome), in the south part of the park, offers one of the greatest views over Rome.
The Piazza di Siena, located in the villa, hosted the equestrian dressage, individual jumping, and the jumping part of the eventing competition for the 1960 Summer Olympics. A balustrade (dating from the early seventeenth century) from the gardens, was taken to England in the late 19th century, and installed in the grounds of Cliveden House, a mansion in Buckinghamshire, in 1896. In 2004, a species of Italian snail was discovered, still living on the balustrade after more than 100 years in England.
| null | null | null | null | 10 |
[
"Villa Borghese gardens",
"different from",
"Villa Borghese Pinciana"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Villa Borghese gardens",
"different from",
"Villa Borghese"
] | null | null | null | null | 17 |
|
[
"Villa Borghese gardens",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Villa Borghese"
] | null | null | null | null | 21 |
|
[
"United States Coast Guard",
"owner of",
"sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"United States Coast Guard",
"owner of",
"Into the Jaws of Death"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"United States Coast Guard",
"founded by",
"Alexander Hamilton"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"United States Coast Guard",
"replaces",
"United States Revenue Cutter Service"
] |
The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the country's eight uniformed services. The service is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the United States military branches for having a maritime law enforcement mission with jurisdiction in both domestic and international waters and a federal regulatory agency mission as part of its duties. It is the largest coast guard in the world, rivaling the capabilities and size of most navies.
The U.S. Coast Guard is a humanitarian and security service. It protects the United States' borders and economic and security interests abroad; and defends its sovereignty by safeguarding sea lines of communication and commerce across U.S. territorial waters and its Exclusive Economic Zone. Due to ever-expanding risk imposed by transnational threats through the maritime and cyber domains, the U.S. Coast Guard is at any given time deployed to and operating on all seven continents and in cyberspace to enforce its mission. Like its United States Navy sibling, the U.S. Coast Guard maintains a global presence with permanently-assigned personnel throughout the world and forces routinely deploying to both littoral and blue-water regions. The U.S. Coast Guard's adaptive, multi-mission "white hull" fleet is leveraged as a force of both diplomatic soft power and humanitarian and security assistance over the more overtly confrontational nature of "gray hulled" warships. As a humanitarian service, it saves tens of thousands of lives a year at sea and in U.S. waters, and provides emergency response and disaster management for a wide range of human-made and natural catastrophic incidents in the U.S. and throughout the world.The U.S. Coast Guard operates under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security during peacetime. During times of war, it can be transferred in whole or in part to the U.S. Department of the Navy under the Department of Defense by order of the U.S. President or by act of Congress. Prior to its transfer to Homeland Security, it operated under the Department of Transportation from 1967 to 2003 and the Department of the Treasury from its inception until 1967. A congressional authority transfer to the Navy has only happened once: in 1917, during World War I. By the time the U.S. entered World War II in December 1941, the U.S. Coast Guard had already been transferred to the Navy by President Franklin Roosevelt.Created by Congress as the Revenue-Marine on 4 August 1790 at the request of Alexander Hamilton, it is the oldest continuously operating naval service of the United States. As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton headed the Revenue-Marine, whose original purpose was collecting customs duties at U.S. seaports. By the 1860s, the service was known as the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service and the term Revenue-Marine gradually fell into disuse.The modern U.S. Coast Guard was formed by a merger of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service and the U.S. Life-Saving Service on 28 January 1915, under the Department of the Treasury. In 1939, the U.S. Lighthouse Service was also merged into the U.S. Coast Guard. As one of the country's six armed services, the U.S. Coast Guard has deployed to support and fight every major U.S. war since 1790, from the Quasi-War with France to the Global War on Terrorism.As of December 2021, the U.S. Coast Guard's authorized force strength is 44,500 active duty personnel and 7,000 reservists. The service's force strength also includes 8,577 full-time civilian federal employees and 31,000 uniformed volunteers of the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary. The service maintains an extensive fleet of roughly 250 coastal and ocean-going cutters, patrol ships, buoy tenders, tugs, and icebreakers; as well as nearly 2,000 small boats and specialized craft. It also maintains an aviation division consisting of more than 200 helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. While the U.S. Coast Guard is the second smallest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of membership, the service by itself is the world's 12th largest naval force.History
The Coast Guard traced its roots to the small fleet of vessels maintained by the United States Department of the Treasury beginning in the 1790s to enforce tariffs (an important source of revenue for the new nation). Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton lobbied Congress to fund the construction of ten cutters, which it did on 4 August 1790 (now celebrated as the Coast Guard's official birthday). Until the re-establishment of the Navy in 1798, these "revenue cutters" were the only naval force of the early United States. As such, the cutters and their crews frequently took on additional duties, including combating piracy, rescuing mariners in distress, ferrying government officials, and even carrying mail. Initially not an organized federal agency at all, merely a "system of cutters," each ship operated under the direction of the customs officials in the port to which it was assigned. Several names, including "Revenue-Marine," were used as the service gradually becoming more organized. Eventually it was officially organized as the United States Revenue Cutter Service. In addition to its regular law enforcement and customs duties, revenue cutters and their crews were used to support and supplement the Navy in various armed conflicts including the American Civil War.A separate federal agency, the U.S. Life-Saving Service, developed alongside the Revenue-Marine. Prior to 1848, there were various charitable efforts at creating systems to provide assistance to shipwrecked mariners from shore-based stations, notably by the Massachusetts Humane Society. The federal government began funding lifesaving stations in 1848 but funding was inconsistent and the system still relied on all-volunteer crews. In 1871, Sumner Increase Kimball was appointed chief of the Treasury Department's newly-created Revenue Marine Division, and began the process of organizing the Revenue-Marine cutters into a centralized agency. Kimball also pushed for more funding lifesaving stations and eventually secured approval to create the Lifesaving Service as a separate federal agency, also within the Treasury Department, with fulltime paid crews.
In 1915 these two agencies, the Revenue Cutter Service and the Lifesaving Service, were merged to create the modern United States Coast Guard. The Lighthouse Service and the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation were absorbed by the Coast Guard 1939 and 1942 respectively.
In 1967, the Coast Guard moved from the U.S. Department of the Treasury to the newly formed U.S. Department of Transportation, an arrangement that lasted until it was placed under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in 2003 as part of legislation designed to more efficiently protect American interests following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001.In times of war, the Coast Guard or individual components of it can operate as a service of the Department of the Navy. This arrangement has a broad historical basis, as the Coast Guard has been involved in wars as diverse as the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, and the American Civil War, in which the cutter Harriet Lane fired the first naval shots attempting to relieve besieged Fort Sumter. The last time the Coast Guard operated as a whole within the Navy was in World War II, in all some 250,000 served in the Coast Guard during World War II.Coast Guard Squadron One, was a combat unit formed by the United States Coast Guard in 1965 for service during the Vietnam War. Placed under the operational control of the United States Navy, it was assigned duties in Operation Market Time. Its formation marked the first time since World War II that Coast Guard personnel were used extensively in a combat environment. The squadron operated divisions in three separate areas during the period of 1965 to 1970. Twenty-six Point-class cutters with their crews and a squadron support staff were assigned to the U.S. Navy with the mission of interdicting the movement of arms and supplies from the South China Sea into South Vietnam by Viet Cong and North Vietnam junk and trawler operators. The squadron also provided 81mm mortar naval gunfire support to nearby friendly units operating along the South Vietnamese coastline and assisted the U.S. Navy during Operation Sealords.Coast Guard Squadron Three, was a combat unit formed by the United States Coast Guard in 1967 for service during the Vietnam War. Placed under the operational control of the United States Navy and based in Pearl Harbor. It consisted of five USCG High Endurance Cutters operating on revolving six-month deployments. A total of 35 High Endurance Cutters took part in operations from May 1967 to December 1971, most notably using their 5-inch guns to provide naval gunfire support missions.Often units within the Coast Guard operate under Department of the Navy operational control while other Coast Guard units remain under the Department of Homeland Security.
| null | null | null | null | 16 |
[
"United States Coast Guard",
"replaces",
"United States Life-Saving Service"
] |
The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the country's eight uniformed services. The service is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the United States military branches for having a maritime law enforcement mission with jurisdiction in both domestic and international waters and a federal regulatory agency mission as part of its duties. It is the largest coast guard in the world, rivaling the capabilities and size of most navies.
The U.S. Coast Guard is a humanitarian and security service. It protects the United States' borders and economic and security interests abroad; and defends its sovereignty by safeguarding sea lines of communication and commerce across U.S. territorial waters and its Exclusive Economic Zone. Due to ever-expanding risk imposed by transnational threats through the maritime and cyber domains, the U.S. Coast Guard is at any given time deployed to and operating on all seven continents and in cyberspace to enforce its mission. Like its United States Navy sibling, the U.S. Coast Guard maintains a global presence with permanently-assigned personnel throughout the world and forces routinely deploying to both littoral and blue-water regions. The U.S. Coast Guard's adaptive, multi-mission "white hull" fleet is leveraged as a force of both diplomatic soft power and humanitarian and security assistance over the more overtly confrontational nature of "gray hulled" warships. As a humanitarian service, it saves tens of thousands of lives a year at sea and in U.S. waters, and provides emergency response and disaster management for a wide range of human-made and natural catastrophic incidents in the U.S. and throughout the world.The U.S. Coast Guard operates under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security during peacetime. During times of war, it can be transferred in whole or in part to the U.S. Department of the Navy under the Department of Defense by order of the U.S. President or by act of Congress. Prior to its transfer to Homeland Security, it operated under the Department of Transportation from 1967 to 2003 and the Department of the Treasury from its inception until 1967. A congressional authority transfer to the Navy has only happened once: in 1917, during World War I. By the time the U.S. entered World War II in December 1941, the U.S. Coast Guard had already been transferred to the Navy by President Franklin Roosevelt.Created by Congress as the Revenue-Marine on 4 August 1790 at the request of Alexander Hamilton, it is the oldest continuously operating naval service of the United States. As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton headed the Revenue-Marine, whose original purpose was collecting customs duties at U.S. seaports. By the 1860s, the service was known as the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service and the term Revenue-Marine gradually fell into disuse.The modern U.S. Coast Guard was formed by a merger of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service and the U.S. Life-Saving Service on 28 January 1915, under the Department of the Treasury. In 1939, the U.S. Lighthouse Service was also merged into the U.S. Coast Guard. As one of the country's six armed services, the U.S. Coast Guard has deployed to support and fight every major U.S. war since 1790, from the Quasi-War with France to the Global War on Terrorism.As of December 2021, the U.S. Coast Guard's authorized force strength is 44,500 active duty personnel and 7,000 reservists. The service's force strength also includes 8,577 full-time civilian federal employees and 31,000 uniformed volunteers of the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary. The service maintains an extensive fleet of roughly 250 coastal and ocean-going cutters, patrol ships, buoy tenders, tugs, and icebreakers; as well as nearly 2,000 small boats and specialized craft. It also maintains an aviation division consisting of more than 200 helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. While the U.S. Coast Guard is the second smallest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of membership, the service by itself is the world's 12th largest naval force.
| null | null | null | null | 18 |
[
"United States Coast Guard",
"topic's main category",
"Category:United States Coast Guard"
] |
The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the country's eight uniformed services. The service is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the United States military branches for having a maritime law enforcement mission with jurisdiction in both domestic and international waters and a federal regulatory agency mission as part of its duties. It is the largest coast guard in the world, rivaling the capabilities and size of most navies.
The U.S. Coast Guard is a humanitarian and security service. It protects the United States' borders and economic and security interests abroad; and defends its sovereignty by safeguarding sea lines of communication and commerce across U.S. territorial waters and its Exclusive Economic Zone. Due to ever-expanding risk imposed by transnational threats through the maritime and cyber domains, the U.S. Coast Guard is at any given time deployed to and operating on all seven continents and in cyberspace to enforce its mission. Like its United States Navy sibling, the U.S. Coast Guard maintains a global presence with permanently-assigned personnel throughout the world and forces routinely deploying to both littoral and blue-water regions. The U.S. Coast Guard's adaptive, multi-mission "white hull" fleet is leveraged as a force of both diplomatic soft power and humanitarian and security assistance over the more overtly confrontational nature of "gray hulled" warships. As a humanitarian service, it saves tens of thousands of lives a year at sea and in U.S. waters, and provides emergency response and disaster management for a wide range of human-made and natural catastrophic incidents in the U.S. and throughout the world.The U.S. Coast Guard operates under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security during peacetime. During times of war, it can be transferred in whole or in part to the U.S. Department of the Navy under the Department of Defense by order of the U.S. President or by act of Congress. Prior to its transfer to Homeland Security, it operated under the Department of Transportation from 1967 to 2003 and the Department of the Treasury from its inception until 1967. A congressional authority transfer to the Navy has only happened once: in 1917, during World War I. By the time the U.S. entered World War II in December 1941, the U.S. Coast Guard had already been transferred to the Navy by President Franklin Roosevelt.Created by Congress as the Revenue-Marine on 4 August 1790 at the request of Alexander Hamilton, it is the oldest continuously operating naval service of the United States. As Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton headed the Revenue-Marine, whose original purpose was collecting customs duties at U.S. seaports. By the 1860s, the service was known as the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service and the term Revenue-Marine gradually fell into disuse.The modern U.S. Coast Guard was formed by a merger of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service and the U.S. Life-Saving Service on 28 January 1915, under the Department of the Treasury. In 1939, the U.S. Lighthouse Service was also merged into the U.S. Coast Guard. As one of the country's six armed services, the U.S. Coast Guard has deployed to support and fight every major U.S. war since 1790, from the Quasi-War with France to the Global War on Terrorism.As of December 2021, the U.S. Coast Guard's authorized force strength is 44,500 active duty personnel and 7,000 reservists. The service's force strength also includes 8,577 full-time civilian federal employees and 31,000 uniformed volunteers of the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary. The service maintains an extensive fleet of roughly 250 coastal and ocean-going cutters, patrol ships, buoy tenders, tugs, and icebreakers; as well as nearly 2,000 small boats and specialized craft. It also maintains an aviation division consisting of more than 200 helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. While the U.S. Coast Guard is the second smallest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of membership, the service by itself is the world's 12th largest naval force.
| null | null | null | null | 20 |
[
"United States Coast Guard",
"owner of",
"MV Sharpie"
] | null | null | null | null | 23 |
|
[
"Vienna Party School",
"founded by",
"Social Democratic Party of Austria"
] |
The Vienna Party School was an organisation established by the Social Democratic Party of Austria.
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Wotansvolk",
"founded by",
"David Lane"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Catholic Church in Hungary",
"founded by",
"Stephen I of Hungary"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Catholic Church in Hungary",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Catholic Church in Hungary"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest",
"owner of",
"Primate's Palace, Budapest"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest",
"owner of",
"Boldogkő Castle"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest",
"owner of",
"Primate Wine Cellar"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest",
"owner of",
"Esztergom Metropolitan Library"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest",
"replaces",
"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest"
] | null | null | null | null | 21 |
|
[
"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest",
"founded by",
"Stephen I of Hungary"
] | null | null | null | null | 22 |
|
[
"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kalocsa–Kecskemét",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kalocsa-Kecskemét"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kalocsa–Kecskemét",
"founded by",
"Stephen I of Hungary"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"New York Post",
"founded by",
"Alexander Hamilton"
] |
History
19th century
The Post was founded by Alexander Hamilton with about US$10,000 (equivalent to $175,880 in 2022) from a group of investors in the autumn of 1801 as the New-York Evening Post, a broadsheet. Hamilton's co-investors included other New York members of the Federalist Party, such as Robert Troup and Oliver Wolcott, who were dismayed by the election of Thomas Jefferson as U.S. president and the rise in popularity of the Democratic-Republican Party. The meeting at which Hamilton first recruited investors for the new paper took place in Archibald Gracie's then-country weekend villa that is now Gracie Mansion. Hamilton chose William Coleman as his first editor.
The most famous 19th-century Evening Post editor was the poet and abolitionist William Cullen Bryant. So well respected was the Evening Post under Bryant's editorship, it received praise from the English philosopher John Stuart Mill, in 1864.William Leggett, in addition to literary and drama reviews, began to write political editorials. Leggett's espoused a fierce opposition to central banking and support for the organization of labor unions. He was a member of the Equal Rights Party. He became a co-owner and editor at the Post in 1831, eventually working as sole editor of the newspaper while Bryant traveled in Europe in 1834 through 1835.Another co-owner of the paper was John Bigelow. Born in Malden-on-Hudson, New York, John Bigelow, Sr. graduated in 1835 from Union College, where he was a member of the Sigma Phi Society and the Philomathean Society, and was admitted to the bar in 1838. From 1849 to 1861, he was one of the editors and co-owners of the Evening Post.Another owner with Bryan and Bigelow was Isaac Henderson. This led to the involvement of his son Isaac Henderson Jr. who became the paper's publisher, stockholder, and member of its board in 1877, just five years after graduating from college. Henderson Sr.'s thirty-year tenure with the Evening Post ended in 1879, when it was learned that he had defrauded Bryant the entire time. Henderson Jr. sold his interest in the newspaper in 1881.In 1881, Henry Villard took control of the Evening Post, as well as The Nation, which became the Post's weekly edition. With this acquisition, the paper was managed by the triumvirate of Carl Schurz, Horace White, and Edwin L. Godkin. When Schurz left the paper in 1883, Godkin became editor-in-chief. White became editor-in-chief in 1899, and remained in that role until his retirement in 1903.In 1897, both publications passed to the management of Villard's son, Oswald Garrison Villard, a founding member of both the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the American Civil Liberties Union.
| null | null | null | null | 8 |
[
"New York Post",
"topic's main category",
"Category:New York Post"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"New York Post",
"owned by",
"News Corp"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Skira (publisher)",
"owned by",
"Gruppo Mondadori"
] |
Skira after its founder's death
After the early death of the firm's founder, Albert Skira, in 1973, the firm was sold to Flammarion and then to Edipresse before returning to the ownership of the Skira family.In 1996 the firm was acquired by the Italian publishing group Einaudi and later by Mondadori and its head office was moved to the Palazzo Casati Stampa in Milan.
| null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Skira (publisher)",
"founded by",
"Albert Skira"
] |
Skira after its founder's death
After the early death of the firm's founder, Albert Skira, in 1973, the firm was sold to Flammarion and then to Edipresse before returning to the ownership of the Skira family.In 1996 the firm was acquired by the Italian publishing group Einaudi and later by Mondadori and its head office was moved to the Palazzo Casati Stampa in Milan.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Skira (publisher)",
"different from",
"Skyra"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Ubisoft Connect",
"founded by",
"Ubisoft"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Ubisoft Connect",
"has use",
"digital rights management"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Ubisoft Connect",
"has use",
"digital distribution"
] |
Ubisoft Connect (formerly Uplay) is a digital distribution, digital rights management, multiplayer and communications service developed by Ubisoft to provide an experience similar to the achievements/trophies offered by various other game companies. The service is provided across various platforms. Ubisoft Connect is used exclusively by first-party Ubisoft games, and although some third-party ones are sold through the Ubisoft store, they do not use the Ubisoft Connect platform.
| null | null | null | null | 12 |
[
"Ubisoft Connect",
"replaces",
"Uplay"
] |
Ubisoft Connect (formerly Uplay) is a digital distribution, digital rights management, multiplayer and communications service developed by Ubisoft to provide an experience similar to the achievements/trophies offered by various other game companies. The service is provided across various platforms. Ubisoft Connect is used exclusively by first-party Ubisoft games, and although some third-party ones are sold through the Ubisoft store, they do not use the Ubisoft Connect platform.
| null | null | null | null | 20 |
[
"Kuznetsov Naval Academy",
"founded by",
"Adam Johann von Krusenstern"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Kuznetsov Naval Academy",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Kuznetsov Naval Academy"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital",
"founded by",
"Vajiravudh"
] |
History
The founding of the hospital was first proposed by King Vajiravudh, who, having observed the operations of the Red Cross Hospital of Japan during his travels, thought it beneficial to establish a hospital in the service of the Red Cross (then the Red Unalom Society). The hospital, named in honour of King Chulalongkorn, was founded through donations by King Vajiravudh and his brothers and sisters, together with the society's funds. The hospital was opened by King Vajiravudh on 30 May 1914.King Ananda Mahidol aimed to increase physician in Thailand because at that time Thailand is under post–World War II period. Government of Thailand intentionally tried to find another hospital which is ready to be the second medical school of Thailand and finally they should King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital of the Thai Red Cross Society. On 4 June 1947, Affiliation with Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University was established.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"IIT Institute of Design",
"founded by",
"László Moholy-Nagy"
] |
History
The Institute of Design at Illinois Tech is a school of design founded in 1937 in Chicago by László Moholy-Nagy, a Bauhaus teacher (1923–1928).
After a spell in London, Bauhaus master Moholy-Nagy, at the invitation of Chicago's Association of Art and Industry, moved to Chicago in 1937 to start a new design school, which he named the New Bauhaus. The philosophy of the school was basically unchanged from that of the original, and its first headquarters was the Prairie Avenue mansion that architect Richard Morris Hunt, designed for department store magnate Marshall Field.
Due to financial problems the school briefly closed in 1938. However, Walter Paepcke, Chairman of the Container Corporation of America and an early champion of industrial design in America, soon offered his personal support, and in 1939, Moholy-Nagy re-opened the school as the Chicago School of Design. In 1944, this became the Institute of Design, and in 1949 it became part of the new Illinois Institute of Technology university system and also the first institution in the United States to offer a PhD in design.
Moholy authored an account of his efforts to develop the curriculum of the School of Design in his book Vision in Motion.
Archival materials are held by the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries at the Art Institute of Chicago. The Institute of Design Collection includes articles, letters, photographs, and other materials documenting the institute's history and works by faculty and students. Select archival film materials are held at Chicago Film Archives, who store and provide access to a handful of Institute of Design films.
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Honor (brand)",
"founded by",
"Huawei"
] |
History
Honor was founded in 2013 as a Huawei sub-brand. Honor's line of smartphones allowed Huawei to compete with mid-range online smartphone brands in China and globally. Honor primarily sells products online, but some Honor products are also available at stores in selected markets.In November 2020, the Honor brand was sold to Shenzhen Zhixin New Information Technology, a majority state-owned company controlled by the Shenzhen municipal government, to "ensure" its then-parent company, Huawei's survival, due to US sanctions against them. U.S. sanctions restricted the sale of hardware components to Huawei by American firms.
| null | null | null | null | 6 |
[
"Honor (brand)",
"owned by",
"Shenzhen Zhixin New Information Technology"
] |
Honor is a smartphone brand majority owned by a state-owned enterprise controlled by the municipal government of Shenzhen. It was formerly owned by Huawei Technologies. Honor provides smartphones, but has also released tablet computers and wearable technology.
In 2016, George Zhao was global president of Honor. In November 2020, Honor was acquired by Shenzhen Zhixin New Information Technology Co. Ltd.History
Honor was founded in 2013 as a Huawei sub-brand. Honor's line of smartphones allowed Huawei to compete with mid-range online smartphone brands in China and globally. Honor primarily sells products online, but some Honor products are also available at stores in selected markets.In November 2020, the Honor brand was sold to Shenzhen Zhixin New Information Technology, a majority state-owned company controlled by the Shenzhen municipal government, to "ensure" its then-parent company, Huawei's survival, due to US sanctions against them. U.S. sanctions restricted the sale of hardware components to Huawei by American firms.
| null | null | null | null | 15 |
[
"Honor (brand)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Huawei Honor"
] | null | null | null | null | 16 |
|
[
"Margraviate of Istria",
"founded by",
"Austrian Empire"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Our Lady of Victory",
"founded by",
"Pius V"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Visita de San José de Magdalena",
"founded by",
"Dominican Order"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Parliament of Brittany",
"founded by",
"Henry II of France"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains",
"owned by",
"Mercedes-Benz Group"
] |
Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains (previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines) is a Formula One engine manufacturer, owned by Mercedes-Benz.
The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season, McLaren from 1995 to 2014 and from 2021, Force India from 2009 to 2018, Brawn in 2009, the Mercedes factory team since 2010, Williams since 2014, Lotus in 2015, Manor Racing in 2016, Racing Point Force India in 2018, Racing Point from 2019 to 2020 and Aston Martin from 2021. Their engines have won ten Formula One Constructors' Championships and eleven Drivers' Championships. Beside those Formula One constructors, the company currently supplies road-legal engines for the Mercedes-AMG ONE sports car.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains",
"founded by",
"Mario Illien"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Theosophy",
"different from",
"Christian theosophy"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.