ProfessorBob/relation_extraction · Datasets at Hugging Face

triplets list	passage stringlengths 0 32.9k	label stringlengths 4 48 ⌀	label_id int64 0 1k ⌀	synonyms list	__index_level_1__ int64 312 64.1k ⌀	__index_level_0__ int64 0 2.4k ⌀
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu Waterworks" ]		null	null	null	null	17
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu sports hall" ]		null	null	null	null	18
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Puolivälinkangas water tower" ]		null	null	null	null	19
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Raksila Pesäpallo Stadium" ]		null	null	null	null	20
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Teuvo Pakkala School" ]		null	null	null	null	21
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu Music Centre" ]		null	null	null	null	22
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu City Library" ]		null	null	null	null	23
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulun Energia Areena" ]		null	null	null	null	24
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu City Theatre" ]		null	null	null	null	26
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Castrén Stadium" ]		null	null	null	null	27
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Ahmosuo Airfield" ]		null	null	null	null	28
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulun Suomalaisen Yhteiskoulun Lukio" ]		null	null	null	null	29
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Turkansaari Church" ]		null	null	null	null	30
[ "Oulu", "topic's main category", "Category:Oulu" ]		null	null	null	null	34
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Raatti Stadium" ]		null	null	null	null	35
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Heinäpää Arena" ]		null	null	null	null	38
[ "Oulu", "follows", "Haukipudas" ]	Subdivisions Oulu is divided into 106 city districts. The largest of these are Haukipudas, Oulunsalo, Kaakkuri, Ritaharju, Tuira, and Kello. The municipality of Ylikiiminki was merged with the city of Oulu on 1 January 2009. Oulu and the municipalities of Haukipudas, Kiiminki, Oulunsalo, and Yli-Ii were merged on 1 January 2013.	null	null	null	null	58
[ "Oulu", "founded by", "Charles IX of Sweden" ]		null	null	null	null	61
[ "Oulu", "follows", "Kiiminki" ]		null	null	null	null	64
[ "Oulu", "follows", "Yli-Ii" ]	Subdivisions Oulu is divided into 106 city districts. The largest of these are Haukipudas, Oulunsalo, Kaakkuri, Ritaharju, Tuira, and Kello. The municipality of Ylikiiminki was merged with the city of Oulu on 1 January 2009. Oulu and the municipalities of Haukipudas, Kiiminki, Oulunsalo, and Yli-Ii were merged on 1 January 2013.	null	null	null	null	65
[ "Oulu", "follows", "Oulunsalo" ]		null	null	null	null	67
[ "Oulu", "follows", "Ylikiiminki" ]		null	null	null	null	70
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu Swimming Pool" ]		null	null	null	null	74
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu Energy" ]	Solar power In 2015, the Kaleva Media printing plant in Oulu became the most powerful photovoltaic solar plant in Finland, with 1,604 solar photovoltaic (PV) units on its roof. Although the city of Oulu, located near the Arctic Circle, has only two hours of weak sunlight in December, the photovoltaic cells work almost around the clock in the summer. The cold climate means the PV panels can get up to a 25% boost per hour, as they don't overheat.Because the sun is quite low in the sky at this latitude, vertical PV installations are popular on the sides of buildings. These solar walls also capture light reflected from snow.Snow is not necessarily cleared from rooftop solar installations.The local utility, Oulun Energia, is owned by the city of Oulu. The energy mix it receives from the Nordic-wide grid includes wood pellets, waste incineration, bioenergy, hydro-electric, geothermal, wind, nuclear, peat, natural gas and coal.	null	null	null	null	75
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Kalevankartano" ]		null	null	null	null	77
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu Conservatoire" ]		null	null	null	null	78
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Maikkula water tower" ]		null	null	null	null	79
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Raksila artificial ice rink" ]		null	null	null	null	80
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Snellman-home" ]		null	null	null	null	81
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Ympäristötalo" ]		null	null	null	null	82
[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu Central School" ]		null	null	null	null	83
[ "Vaasa", "owner of", "Hietalahti Stadium" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "Vaasa", "different from", "Korsholm" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "Vaasa", "topic's main category", "Category:Vaasa" ]		null	null	null	null	14
[ "Vaasa", "owner of", "Governor's house" ]		null	null	null	null	17
[ "Vaasa", "follows", "Vähäkyrö" ]	Post-war The language conditions in the city shifted in the 1930s, and the majority became Finnish-speaking. Therefore, the primary name also changed from "Vasa" to "Vaasa", according to Finnish spelling. Post-war, Vaasa was industrialized, led by the electronics manufacturer Strömberg, later merged into ABB. In 2013 the municipality of Vähäkyrö was merged into Vaasa. It is currently an exclave area of the city, since it is surrounded by other municipalities.	null	null	null	null	30
[ "Vaasa", "founded by", "Charles IX of Sweden" ]	Vaasa (Finnish: [ˈʋɑːsɑ]; Swedish: Vasa, Finland Swedish: [ˈvɑːsɑ] (listen), Sweden Swedish: [ˈvɑ̂ːsa] (listen)), in the years 1855–1917 as Nikolainkaupunki (Swedish: Nikolajstad; literally meaning "city of Nicholas), is a city on the west coast of Finland. It received its charter in 1606, during the reign of Charles IX of Sweden and is named after the Royal House of Vasa. Vaasa has a population of 68,049 (28 February 2023) (approximately 120,000 in the Vaasa sub-region), and is the regional capital of Ostrobothnia (Swedish: Österbotten; Finnish: Pohjanmaa). Vaasa is also well known as a major university and college city in Finland.The city is bilingual with 69.8% of the population speaking Finnish as their first language and 24.8% speaking Swedish. The surrounding Ostrobothnian municipalities (such as Korsholm and Malax) have a clear Swedish-speaking majority, which is why the Swedish language maintains a strong position in the city, making it the most significant cultural center for Swedish-Finns.Vaasa is also known for Tropiclandia Water Park, which is located in the Vaskiluoto Island right next to a local spa hotel. In the immediate vicinity of Tropiclandia was the now deserted Wasalandia Amusement Park, which ceased operations in 2015 due to a small number of visitors.Foundation The history of Korsholm and also of Vaasa begins in the 14th century, when seafarers from the coastal region in central Sweden disembarked at the present Old Vaasa, and the wasteland owners from Southwest Finland came to guard their land. In the middle of the century, Saint Mary's Church was built, and in the 1370s the building of the fortress at Korsholm, Crysseborgh, was undertaken, and served as an administrative centre of the Vasa County. King Charles IX of Sweden founded the town of Mustasaari/Mussor on 2 October 1606, around the oldest harbour and trade point around the Korsholm church approximately seven kilometres (4.3 miles) to the southeast from the present city. In 1611, the town was chartered and renamed after the Royal House of Vasa. Thanks to the sea connections, ship building and trade, especially tar trade, Vaasa flourished in the 17th century and most of the inhabitants earned their living from it. In 1683, the three-subject or Trivial school moved from Nykarleby to Vaasa, and four years later a new schoolhouse was built in Vaasa. The first library in Finland was founded in Vaasa in 1794. In 1793, Vaasa had 2,178 inhabitants, and in the year of the catastrophic town fire of 1852 the number had risen to 3,200.	null	null	null	null	37
[ "Royal Swedish Opera", "uses", "Royal Swedish Opera" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Royal Swedish Opera", "founded by", "Gustav III of Sweden" ]	History The opera company was founded with the Royal Swedish Academy of Music by King Gustav III and its first performance, Thetis and Phelée with Carl Stenborg and Elisabeth Olin, was given on 18 January 1773; this was the first native speaking opera performed in Sweden. But the first opera house was not opened until 1782 and served for a century before being replaced at the end of the 19th century. Both houses are officially called the "Royal Opera", however the terms "The Gustavian Opera" and "The Oscarian Opera", or the "Old" and "New" Opera are used when distinction is needed.	null	null	null	null	3
[ "Royal Dramatic Theatre", "uses", "Royal Dramatic Theatre" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Royal Dramatic Theatre", "founded by", "Gustav III of Sweden" ]	History 17th and 18th century The first Swedish theatre opened in Bollhuset and Lejonkulan in 1667 and employed only foreign companies. While the plays were sometimes open to the public, it remained more or less a court theatre. The first Swedish play, Den Svenska Sprätthöken, was performed in 1737 by the first Swedish theatre company. The Swedish theatre was turned out of their playhouse by Queen Louisa Ulrika of Prussia after the 1753–54 season, and the playhouse was given to a French company. In 1771, king Gustav III fired the French company and encouraged Swedish talents, and thus, the Royal Swedish Opera was founded in Bollhuset. A theatre of spoken drama was founded by Fredrik Ristell in the same building in 1787, but was not to last long. In 1788 Ristell fled the country to escape his creditors. The actors formed a company and asked for the king's protection, which led to the establishment of the national theatre. Sweden's national stage for dramatic art (spoken drama) was established by King Gustav III in 1788. It was then that the Royal Theatre (Kungliga Teatern) in Sweden was officially split in two, and the Royal Theatre (today known as the Royal Swedish Opera) became thereafter solely an opera stage. For spoken drama a new theatre was built specifically, called Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern—the Royal Dramatic Theatre, to distinguish it from the Royal Theatre (the opera stage). The king became the formal director and placed the theatre under Royal protection, to be ruled by the actors themselves by votes every fourteenth day under the supervision of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. This rule was quite chaotic, and the voting is described as capricious and temperamental: "The male actors arguing with each other, one of the ladies voting yes because another lady voted no, others of them counting their buttons and letting fate decide", and in 1803, the actors themselves asked for the system to be replaced by a director. The Royal Dramatic Theatre was located in the old premises at Bollhuset during its first years, but in 1792, the old building was deemed to be to run down, and 1 November 1793, the theatre was opened in the Palace of Makalös, also called Arsenalen, where the theatre was to be located for the next thirty years; it was now often commonly called the Arsenal Theatre. In 1798, the theatres and operas of Stockholm were united by a royal monopoly, and the "Two Stages" ruled uncontested over the city for over forty years.	null	null	null	null	5
[ "Royal Stables (Sweden)", "founded by", "Gustav I of Sweden" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Oskarshamn", "founded by", "Oscar I of Sweden" ]	History Etymology Döderhultsvik was the original name before a town charter was granted in 1856. The name was then changed to Oscarshamn (meaning: Oscar's port) after the king Oscar I of Sweden. The spelling has later changed to Oskarshamn.	null	null	null	null	3
[ "Oskarshamn", "topic's main category", "Category:Oskarshamn" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "Montreal (castle)", "founded by", "Baldwin I of Jerusalem" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Montreal (castle)", "owned by", "Baldwin I of Jerusalem" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Hagaparken", "has part(s) of the class", "building" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Hagaparken", "founded by", "Gustav III of Sweden" ]	History The master plan for development was originally designed by architect Fredrik Magnus Piper (1746–1824). Hagaparken has historically been favoured by Swedish royalty, especially Gustav III who founded it and developed it 1780-1797, and by the famous troubadour Carl Michael Bellman, a contemporary of Gustav III, who is much associated with Haga due to the lyrics of his compositions, poems and his writings. The song Fjäriln vingad syns på Haga (The wingéd butterfly is seen in Haga), one of the best-known of Bellman's Fredman's Songs, is entirely dedicated to the park.In 1935, Hagaparken became a state building monument and has been part of Sweden's first national city park, the Royal National City Park, since 1994. Today it is managed by the State Property Agency (Statens fastighetsverk) and the Royal Djurgården Administration (Kungliga Djurgårdens Förvaltning).	null	null	null	null	3
[ "Hagaparken", "has use", "château" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "Hagaparken", "topic's main category", "Category:Hagaparken" ]		null	null	null	null	14
[ "Humlegården", "founded by", "John III of Sweden" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Schwerin", "topic's main category", "Category:Schwerin" ]		null	null	null	null	23
[ "Schwerin", "founded by", "Henry the Lion" ]		null	null	null	null	37
[ "Schwerin", "different from", "Schwerin" ]		null	null	null	null	42
[ "Schwerin", "said to be the same as", "Schwerin" ]		null	null	null	null	56
[ "Munich Re", "founded by", "Carl von Thieme" ]	Munich Re Art Collection The Munich Re Art Collection's history begins with the company's founding by Carl von Thieme, who commissioned artists such as Reinhold Max Eichler and Fritz Erler to decorate the new company headquarters built on Munich's Königinstraße in 1912-13. The Collection was geared to modern art, which from the outset has been successively expanded over the decades with works by important artists. It includes works by Rudolf Belling, Barbara Hepworth, Rupprecht Geiger (“Concave rounded”, 1973), Norbert Kricke and Joseph Beuys. Purchases for the Collection increased from the mid-1990s. The Walking Man by Jonathan Borofsky has stood outside a Munich Re building on Leopoldstraße since 1995 and has since become a symbol of Munich. Sculptures and installations from the Munich Re Art Collection by artists such as Olafur Eliasson (“Light Curtain”, 2002) and Roxy Paine (“Discrepancy”, 2011) are also found in the public spaces. Artists like Angela Bulloch, Keith Sonnier and James Turrell have designed light installations for the extensive network of underground passages that link the company's buildings in Schwabing, Munich.	null	null	null	null	5
[ "Munich Re", "owned by", "BlackRock" ]		null	null	null	null	13
[ "Munich Re", "founded by", "Wilhelm von Finck" ]		null	null	null	null	15
[ "Munich Re", "topic's main category", "Category:Munich Re" ]		null	null	null	null	25
[ "Munich Re", "owner of", "Munich Re Art Collection" ]		null	null	null	null	28
[ "Beuron Archabbey", "founded by", "Maurus Wolter" ]	History It was founded by the brothers Maurus and Placidus Wolter. In 1862, with the assistance and support of Princess Katharina of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, they were able to purchase the former Augustinian monastery in Beuron, vacant since 1802. The foundation was coordinated with the Archbishop of Freiburg. While the settlement in Beuron was still being prepared, Maurus Wolter spent three months at the French Benedictine Abbey of Solesmes in the autumn of 1862. Abbot Prosper Guéranger's approach to Gregorian Chant made a deep impression on Wolter.St. Martin's Abbey opened in 1863 as a daughter-house of the Abbey of St. Paul Outside the Walls, with Maurus Wolter as prior. In 1868 Beuron became an abbey and Maurus Wolter was ordained the first abbot. As St. Martin's Abbey began to distance itself from the motherhouse in Rome, it developed closer links with Abbot Prosper Guéranger and Solesmes. Wolter revived the ancient way of interpreting the Psalter, used it in contemporary form and utilized it in the training of novices.In 1872 St. Martin's was able to found a subsidiary monastery in Maredsous, Belgium, with a few monks. Two years later, Maurus over the management of St. Martin's to his brother Placidus.Between 1875 and 1887 because of political conditions during the "Kulturkampf" ("cultural struggle") the monks had to leave. Most relocated to Volders in Austria. Princess von Hohenzollern took care of the administration of the buildings and lands during their absence until the monks could return in 1887. The monks of Beuron used the opportunity to found new communities elsewhere, such as Erdington Abbey in England. In 1880 the Beuron family took over Emmaus Monastery in Prague. In 1883 Seckau Abbey in Austria was resettled by the Benedictines from Beuron. After approval of the constitutions, in 1884 the Beuronese Congregation was founded. It is a member of the Benedictine Confederation.Beuron Abbey was reopened in 1887 and became the seat of the Archabbot and the venue for the annual General Chapter of the Congregation. Beuron Abbey was a center of the 19th century Liturgical Movement, with Anselm Schott publishing a German translation of the Roman Missal since 1884. After the forced dissolution in the 1870s, Schott ultimately ended up in Maria Laach. The "Schott" German Missals and Prayers of the Faithful are still standard equipment in German parishes. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the Beuron Art School, with its emphasis on early Christian and Byzantine art, was influential on religious art of the period. One of the biggest exhibits of this type of art in the United States is at Conception Abbey in Missouri which was founded on principles established by Beuron. The abbey continues to be a centre of study. The library is the largest monastic library in Germany, with over 400,000 books. Since 1884 the abbey has published the Missale Romanum, a lay missal originally produced by Father Anselm Schott of Beuron. The abbey also houses the Vetus-Latina-Institut (Ancient Latin Institute), which has for its purpose the collection and publication of all extant Old Latin translations of the Bible.	null	null	null	null	4
[ "Biltmore Forest School", "founded by", "Carl A. Schenck" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Biltmore Forest School", "topic's main category", "Category:Biltmore Forest School" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "ZFK Zenit Saint Petersburg", "founded by", "Gazprom" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "ZFK Zenit Saint Petersburg", "owned by", "FC Zenit Saint Petersburg" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Brunswick Cathedral", "founded by", "Henry the Lion" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Brunswick Cathedral", "owner of", "Guelph Treasure" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "Brunswick Cathedral", "topic's main category", "Category:Brunswick Cathedral" ]		null	null	null	null	12
[ "Teddy Award", "founded by", "Manfred Salzgeber" ]	History In 1987 German filmmakers Wieland Speck and Manfred Salzgeber formed a jury called the International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival Association (IGLFFA) to create an award for LGBT films. It was originally named the Teddy Bear Award, in accordance with the Berlinale's main awards being named as the Golden and Silver Bear; the name was later shortened to Teddy Award, although the statuette presented to winners is still shaped like a teddy bear. The first Teddy Award was given to Pedro Almodóvar for his film La ley del deseo, which featured Antonio Banderas. The awards were originally founded in a gay bookshop in West Berlin, they were named after the cuddly toys which were sent as prizes to the winners. They were then upgraded to metal trophies but are still thought to be a deliberate parody of the main Berlin Film Festival’s Golden Bear trophy.1990 was the first bigger festival in the LGBT centrum SchwuZ in Berlin with around 400 guests. The evening was organized from BeV StroganoV and workers of the bookstore Eisenherz in Berlin. In 1992 the award was officially made part of the Berlin International Film Festival. In 1997 TEDDY e.V., a non-profit organisation was founded, which lobbied the award.	null	null	null	null	4
[ "Teddy Award", "topic's main category", "Category:Teddy Award" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "Teddy Award", "founded by", "Wieland Speck" ]	History In 1987 German filmmakers Wieland Speck and Manfred Salzgeber formed a jury called the International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival Association (IGLFFA) to create an award for LGBT films. It was originally named the Teddy Bear Award, in accordance with the Berlinale's main awards being named as the Golden and Silver Bear; the name was later shortened to Teddy Award, although the statuette presented to winners is still shaped like a teddy bear. The first Teddy Award was given to Pedro Almodóvar for his film La ley del deseo, which featured Antonio Banderas. The awards were originally founded in a gay bookshop in West Berlin, they were named after the cuddly toys which were sent as prizes to the winners. They were then upgraded to metal trophies but are still thought to be a deliberate parody of the main Berlin Film Festival’s Golden Bear trophy.1990 was the first bigger festival in the LGBT centrum SchwuZ in Berlin with around 400 guests. The evening was organized from BeV StroganoV and workers of the bookstore Eisenherz in Berlin. In 1992 the award was officially made part of the Berlin International Film Festival. In 1997 TEDDY e.V., a non-profit organisation was founded, which lobbied the award.	null	null	null	null	12
[ "International Youth Library", "founded by", "Jella Lepman" ]	History The Munich library was founded in 1949 by the journalist and author Jella Lepman. The idea was a huge success because of the youth book exhibition in 1946, from which the exhibition material became the basis for the library's collection. On 14 September 1949, the international youth library opened with a collection of over 8000 volumes. Jella Lepman's idea to promote tolerance, reconciliation and understanding of other life forms and cultures with the help of international child and youth books as influential material, was received by the public with great interest. The international youth library serves as an archive of the valuable and rare collection, as well as a place for children's gathering and interacting and to promote its objectives.	null	null	null	null	2
[ "Duvdevan Unit", "founded by", "Ehud Barak" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Temple of Amenhotep IV", "founded by", "Tutankamón" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza", "replaces", "White Mosque (Saraqusta)" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza", "significant event", "coronation of the Kings of Aragon" ]		null	null	null	null	12
[ "Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza", "founded by", "Alfon the Battler" ]		null	null	null	null	13
[ "Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza", "topic's main category", "Category:La Seo of Zaragoza" ]		null	null	null	null	24
[ "Welteislehre", "founded by", "Hanns Hörbiger" ]		null	null	null	null	0
[ "Birger Jarls torn", "founded by", "Gustav I of Sweden" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Birger Jarls torn", "located on terrain feature", "Riddarholmen" ]	Birger Jarls torn (Swedish for Birger Jarl's Tower) is a defensive tower on the northwest corner of Riddarholmen, an islet in Gamla Stan, the old town of Stockholm. The building has been named for Birger Jarl who traditionally is attributed as the founder of Stockholm, but it was built several hundred years later and the name is mostly the product of a 17th-century myth. Stockholm literally translates to "Log-Islet", and according to that myth the city was founded where a log drifting ashore from Lake Mälar.	null	null	null	null	6
[ "James Joyce Tower and Museum", "founded by", "John Huston" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "James Joyce Tower and Museum", "founded by", "Michael Scott" ]	History The tower was leased from the War Office by Joyce's university friend Oliver St. John Gogarty, with the purpose of "Hellenising" Ireland. Joyce stayed there for six days, from 9 to 14 September in 1904. Gogarty later attributed Joyce's abrupt departure to a midnight incident with a loaded revolver.The opening scenes of Ulysses are set the morning after this incident. Gogarty is immortalised as "Stately, plump Buck Mulligan" (the opening words of the novel).The tower now contains a museum dedicated to Joyce and displays some of his possessions and other ephemera associated with Ulysses (e.g., "Plumtree's Potted Meat" pot). The living space is set up to resemble its 1904 appearance, and contains a ceramic panther to represent one seen in a dream by a resident. It is a place of pilgrimage for Joyce enthusiasts, especially on Bloomsday.It was purchased in 1954 by architect Michael Scott who, in 1937, built his house, Geragh, next door, on a former quarry. In 1962, he donated the tower for the purpose of making it a museum. Michael Scott is co-founder, with financial assistance by John Huston, of the James Joyce Museum at the Joyce Tower.The Tower became a museum opening on 16 June 1962 through the efforts of Dublin artist John Ryan. Ryan also rescued the front door to 7 Eccles Street (now at the James Joyce Centre) from demolition and organised, with Brian O'Nolan, the first Bloomsday Celebration in 1954.The James Joyce Tower is open Thursday-Sunday, 10am-4pm Admission is free, though visits can be booked in advance on the website for a small donation. The museum is run by the Friends of Joyce Tower Society on a voluntary basis. Joyce Tower	null	null	null	null	6
[ "Gotland Artillery Regiment", "founded by", "Charles XIII of Sweden" ]	History The regiment origins from the Artillery Conscripts of the Gotland National Conscription (Gotlands nationalbevärings artilleribeväring), which were organized in 1811 as a result of the Russian occupation of Gotland in 1808 and by a convention adopted by the islanders in December 1810, which was ratified by King Charles XIII on 5 February 1811. It consisted then of two artillery batteries and a fortification company with a squad of 100 men, located in Visby. The unit was reorganized in 1861 into Gotland National Conscription Artillery Corps (Gotlands nationalbevärings artillerikår) and was given the designation No 4. In 1887 the corps changed its name to Gotland Artillery Corps (No 4). The Gotland Artillery Corps was redesignated No 7 in 1892 so that the planned Norrland Artillery Regiment could become No 4. In 1914 the name was changed to A 7. In conjunction with the so called OLLI reform, which was carried out by the Swedish Armed Forces in 1973 and in 1975, A units and B units were created. The A units were regiments responsible for a defence district, and the B units were training regiments. In Gotland's case, it distinguished itself from the allotment on the mainland. This when the VII. Military Area was reorganized into Gotland Military Command (MKG) in 1966. The military command constituted a special command and control organization within the Eastern Military District, but did not have the overall responsibility for the administration of the island. Furthermore, the professional mobilization was led on a unit level. Through the reform, the full mobilization and material responsibility within the military command was added, regardless of military branch. This meant that the Gotland Artillery Corps which was included in the Gotland Military Command (MKG) came to be a B unit (training regiment). By the reform, the corps adopted the new name Gotland Artillery Regiment on 1 July 1975.Prior to the Defence Act of 1977 and 1982, the Gotland Artillery Regiment was exempted from the investigation carried out by the National Institute of Defence Organization and Management (Försvarets rationaliseringsinstitut). In the Defence Act of 1977, the Gotland Artillery Regiment was exempted because of regional political conditions. Instead the National Institute of Defence Organization and Management believed that the Småland Artillery Regiment (A 6) with the Artillery Cadet and Aspirant School (Artilleriets kadett- och aspirantskola, ArtKAS) as well as the Miloverkstaden in Jönköping would be disbanded. The Supreme Commander and the Chief of the Army, however, believed that no artillery regiment would be disbanded. However, the National Institute of Defence Organization and Management suggested in their investigation to give the Supreme Commander the task of examining the further development of the OLLI organization. In a further development, it wanted to merge Gotland Regiment (P 18), Gotland Artillery Regiment (A 7) and Gotland Anti-Aircraft Battalion (Lv 2) into an army regiment. Prior to the Defence Act of 1982, the Boden Artillery Regiment, Gotland Artillery Regiment, Norrland Artillery Regiment, Wendes Artillery Regiment and the Bergslagen Artillery Regiment were exempted from the review of finding a cost reduction within the artillery. The Gotland Artillery Regiment were exempted from the investigation of disbandment, partly because of regional policy considerations but also demands for the war organization's preparedness and mobilization. The merger proposed by the government to the Riksdag in the previous act had not been implemented. This meant that the government once again proposed to the Riksdag to merge the staffs of the Gotland Regiment, Gotland Artillery Regiment and the Gotland Anti-Aircraft Battalion with the staff of the Gotland Military Command, and form an authority from 1 July 1982.Through the Defence Act of 1992, the Gotland Military Command was separated from the Gotland Regiment, Gotland Artillery Regiment and the Gotland Anti-Aircraft Corps, and formed independent units from 1 July 1994. The military command came to only lead all operations on Gotland, which on the mainland were solved by the defense area staffs, division staffs and naval command staffs. Prior to the Defence Act of 2000, the government proposed in its Bill 1999/2000:30 that only one artillery regiment would remain in the basic organization. The regiments which the government wanted to disband included Gotland Artillery Regiment. This in the light that the government considered it unsuitable to centralize the artillery training to Gotland, not least due to the investment needs and the limited opportunities for long-term manpower. Remaining in the artillery of the new basic organization was the Bergslagen Artillery Regiment, this because the government considered that to be the regiment which had the best conditions for long-term training and practice of artillery units. On 30 June 2000, the Gotland Artillery Regiment was disbanded. On 1 July 2000, the Bergslagen Artillery Regiment took the new name, the Artillery Regiment.	null	null	null	null	4
[ "Darjeeling", "topic's main category", "Category:Darjeeling" ]		null	null	null	null	14
[ "Darjeeling", "founded by", "East India Company" ]		null	null	null	null	16
[ "Bedford School", "founded by", "Edward VI of England" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Bedford School", "topic's main category", "Category:Bedford School" ]		null	null	null	null	14
[ "Pozzo di San Patrizio", "founded by", "Clement VII" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Pozzo di San Patrizio", "topic's main category", "Category:Saint Patrick's well (Orvieto)" ]		null	null	null	null	11
[ "Order of the Thistle", "topic's main category", "Category:Order of the Thistle" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Order of the Thistle", "founded by", "James II of England" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "G20", "founded by", "Paul Martin" ]	History The G20 is the latest in a series of post–World War II initiatives aimed at international coordination of economic policy, which include institutions such as the "Bretton Woods twins", the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and what is now the World Trade Organization.The G20 was foreshadowed at the Cologne summit of the G7 in June 1999, and formally established at the G7 Finance Ministers' meeting on 26 September 1999 with an inaugural meeting on 15–16 December 1999 in Berlin. Canadian finance minister Paul Martin was chosen as the first chairman and German finance minister Hans Eichel hosted the inaugural meeting.A 2004 report by Colin I. Bradford and Johannes F. Linn of the Brookings Institution asserted the group was founded primarily at the initiative of Eichel, the concurrent chair of the G7. However, Bradford later described then-Finance Minister of Canada (and future Prime Minister of Canada) Paul Martin as "the crucial architect of the formation of the G-20 at finance minister level", and as the one who later "proposed that the G-20 countries move to leaders level summits". Canadian academic and journalistic sources have also identified the G20 as a project initiated by Martin and his American counterpart then-Treasury Secretary Larry Summers. All acknowledge, however, that Germany and the United States played a key role in bringing their vision into reality. Martin and Summers conceived of the G20 in response to the series of massive debt crises that had spread across emerging markets in the late 1990s, beginning with the Mexican peso crisis and followed by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the 1998 Russian financial crisis, and eventually impacting the United States, most prominently in the form of the collapse of the prominent hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management in the autumn of 1998. It illustrated to them that in a rapidly globalizing world, the G7, G8, and the Bretton Woods system would be unable to provide financial stability, and they conceived of a new, broader permanent group of major world economies that would give a voice and new responsibilities in providing it.The G20 membership was decided by Eichel's deputy Caio Koch-Weser and Summers's deputy Timothy Geithner. According to the political economist Robert Wade:	null	null	null	null	4
[ "G20", "founded by", "G7" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "G20", "different from", "G20" ]		null	null	null	null	25
[ "G20", "different from", "Les XX" ]		null	null	null	null	27
[ "G20", "different from", "G20 developing nations" ]		null	null	null	null	28
[ "G20", "topic's main category", "Category:G20" ]		null	null	null	null	31
[ "Mainfranken Theater Würzburg", "founded by", "Julius von Soden" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse", "founded by", "Paul Sabatier" ]	History Founded in 1909 by Paul Sabatier, Nobel prize in chemistry, the institute became ENSAT in 1970 and joined forces with INP-ENSIACET and INP-ENSEEIHT to create the National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse.	null	null	null	null	1

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu Waterworks" ]

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17

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu sports hall" ]

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18

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Puolivälinkangas water tower" ]

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19

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Raksila Pesäpallo Stadium" ]

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[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Teuvo Pakkala School" ]

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21

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu Music Centre" ]

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22

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu City Library" ]

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23

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulun Energia Areena" ]

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24

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu City Theatre" ]

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26

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Castrén Stadium" ]

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27

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Ahmosuo Airfield" ]

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28

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulun Suomalaisen Yhteiskoulun Lukio" ]

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29

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Turkansaari Church" ]

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30

[ "Oulu", "topic's main category", "Category:Oulu" ]

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34

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Raatti Stadium" ]

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35

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Heinäpää Arena" ]

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38

[ "Oulu", "follows", "Haukipudas" ]

Subdivisions Oulu is divided into 106 city districts. The largest of these are Haukipudas, Oulunsalo, Kaakkuri, Ritaharju, Tuira, and Kello. The municipality of Ylikiiminki was merged with the city of Oulu on 1 January 2009. Oulu and the municipalities of Haukipudas, Kiiminki, Oulunsalo, and Yli-Ii were merged on 1 January 2013.

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58

[ "Oulu", "founded by", "Charles IX of Sweden" ]

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61

[ "Oulu", "follows", "Kiiminki" ]

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64

[ "Oulu", "follows", "Yli-Ii" ]

Subdivisions Oulu is divided into 106 city districts. The largest of these are Haukipudas, Oulunsalo, Kaakkuri, Ritaharju, Tuira, and Kello. The municipality of Ylikiiminki was merged with the city of Oulu on 1 January 2009. Oulu and the municipalities of Haukipudas, Kiiminki, Oulunsalo, and Yli-Ii were merged on 1 January 2013.

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65

[ "Oulu", "follows", "Oulunsalo" ]

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[ "Oulu", "follows", "Ylikiiminki" ]

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70

[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu Swimming Pool" ]

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[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu Energy" ]

Solar power In 2015, the Kaleva Media printing plant in Oulu became the most powerful photovoltaic solar plant in Finland, with 1,604 solar photovoltaic (PV) units on its roof. Although the city of Oulu, located near the Arctic Circle, has only two hours of weak sunlight in December, the photovoltaic cells work almost around the clock in the summer. The cold climate means the PV panels can get up to a 25% boost per hour, as they don't overheat.Because the sun is quite low in the sky at this latitude, vertical PV installations are popular on the sides of buildings. These solar walls also capture light reflected from snow.Snow is not necessarily cleared from rooftop solar installations.The local utility, Oulun Energia, is owned by the city of Oulu. The energy mix it receives from the Nordic-wide grid includes wood pellets, waste incineration, bioenergy, hydro-electric, geothermal, wind, nuclear, peat, natural gas and coal.

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[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Kalevankartano" ]

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[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu Conservatoire" ]

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[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Maikkula water tower" ]

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[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Raksila artificial ice rink" ]

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[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Snellman-home" ]

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[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Ympäristötalo" ]

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[ "Oulu", "owner of", "Oulu Central School" ]

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[ "Vaasa", "owner of", "Hietalahti Stadium" ]

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7

[ "Vaasa", "different from", "Korsholm" ]

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8

[ "Vaasa", "topic's main category", "Category:Vaasa" ]

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[ "Vaasa", "owner of", "Governor's house" ]

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[ "Vaasa", "follows", "Vähäkyrö" ]

Post-war The language conditions in the city shifted in the 1930s, and the majority became Finnish-speaking. Therefore, the primary name also changed from "Vasa" to "Vaasa", according to Finnish spelling. Post-war, Vaasa was industrialized, led by the electronics manufacturer Strömberg, later merged into ABB. In 2013 the municipality of Vähäkyrö was merged into Vaasa. It is currently an exclave area of the city, since it is surrounded by other municipalities.

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[ "Vaasa", "founded by", "Charles IX of Sweden" ]

Vaasa (Finnish: [ˈʋɑːsɑ]; Swedish: Vasa, Finland Swedish: [ˈvɑːsɑ] (listen), Sweden Swedish: [ˈvɑ̂ːsa] (listen)), in the years 1855–1917 as Nikolainkaupunki (Swedish: Nikolajstad; literally meaning "city of Nicholas), is a city on the west coast of Finland. It received its charter in 1606, during the reign of Charles IX of Sweden and is named after the Royal House of Vasa. Vaasa has a population of 68,049 (28 February 2023) (approximately 120,000 in the Vaasa sub-region), and is the regional capital of Ostrobothnia (Swedish: Österbotten; Finnish: Pohjanmaa). Vaasa is also well known as a major university and college city in Finland.The city is bilingual with 69.8% of the population speaking Finnish as their first language and 24.8% speaking Swedish. The surrounding Ostrobothnian municipalities (such as Korsholm and Malax) have a clear Swedish-speaking majority, which is why the Swedish language maintains a strong position in the city, making it the most significant cultural center for Swedish-Finns.Vaasa is also known for Tropiclandia Water Park, which is located in the Vaskiluoto Island right next to a local spa hotel. In the immediate vicinity of Tropiclandia was the now deserted Wasalandia Amusement Park, which ceased operations in 2015 due to a small number of visitors.Foundation The history of Korsholm and also of Vaasa begins in the 14th century, when seafarers from the coastal region in central Sweden disembarked at the present Old Vaasa, and the wasteland owners from Southwest Finland came to guard their land. In the middle of the century, Saint Mary's Church was built, and in the 1370s the building of the fortress at Korsholm, Crysseborgh, was undertaken, and served as an administrative centre of the Vasa County. King Charles IX of Sweden founded the town of Mustasaari/Mussor on 2 October 1606, around the oldest harbour and trade point around the Korsholm church approximately seven kilometres (4.3 miles) to the southeast from the present city. In 1611, the town was chartered and renamed after the Royal House of Vasa. Thanks to the sea connections, ship building and trade, especially tar trade, Vaasa flourished in the 17th century and most of the inhabitants earned their living from it. In 1683, the three-subject or Trivial school moved from Nykarleby to Vaasa, and four years later a new schoolhouse was built in Vaasa. The first library in Finland was founded in Vaasa in 1794. In 1793, Vaasa had 2,178 inhabitants, and in the year of the catastrophic town fire of 1852 the number had risen to 3,200.

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[ "Royal Swedish Opera", "uses", "Royal Swedish Opera" ]

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[ "Royal Swedish Opera", "founded by", "Gustav III of Sweden" ]

History The opera company was founded with the Royal Swedish Academy of Music by King Gustav III and its first performance, Thetis and Phelée with Carl Stenborg and Elisabeth Olin, was given on 18 January 1773; this was the first native speaking opera performed in Sweden. But the first opera house was not opened until 1782 and served for a century before being replaced at the end of the 19th century. Both houses are officially called the "Royal Opera", however the terms "The Gustavian Opera" and "The Oscarian Opera", or the "Old" and "New" Opera are used when distinction is needed.

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[ "Royal Dramatic Theatre", "uses", "Royal Dramatic Theatre" ]

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[ "Royal Dramatic Theatre", "founded by", "Gustav III of Sweden" ]

History 17th and 18th century The first Swedish theatre opened in Bollhuset and Lejonkulan in 1667 and employed only foreign companies. While the plays were sometimes open to the public, it remained more or less a court theatre. The first Swedish play, Den Svenska Sprätthöken, was performed in 1737 by the first Swedish theatre company. The Swedish theatre was turned out of their playhouse by Queen Louisa Ulrika of Prussia after the 1753–54 season, and the playhouse was given to a French company. In 1771, king Gustav III fired the French company and encouraged Swedish talents, and thus, the Royal Swedish Opera was founded in Bollhuset. A theatre of spoken drama was founded by Fredrik Ristell in the same building in 1787, but was not to last long. In 1788 Ristell fled the country to escape his creditors. The actors formed a company and asked for the king's protection, which led to the establishment of the national theatre. Sweden's national stage for dramatic art (spoken drama) was established by King Gustav III in 1788. It was then that the Royal Theatre (Kungliga Teatern) in Sweden was officially split in two, and the Royal Theatre (today known as the Royal Swedish Opera) became thereafter solely an opera stage. For spoken drama a new theatre was built specifically, called Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern—the Royal Dramatic Theatre, to distinguish it from the Royal Theatre (the opera stage). The king became the formal director and placed the theatre under Royal protection, to be ruled by the actors themselves by votes every fourteenth day under the supervision of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. This rule was quite chaotic, and the voting is described as capricious and temperamental: "The male actors arguing with each other, one of the ladies voting yes because another lady voted no, others of them counting their buttons and letting fate decide", and in 1803, the actors themselves asked for the system to be replaced by a director. The Royal Dramatic Theatre was located in the old premises at Bollhuset during its first years, but in 1792, the old building was deemed to be to run down, and 1 November 1793, the theatre was opened in the Palace of Makalös, also called Arsenalen, where the theatre was to be located for the next thirty years; it was now often commonly called the Arsenal Theatre. In 1798, the theatres and operas of Stockholm were united by a royal monopoly, and the "Two Stages" ruled uncontested over the city for over forty years.

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[ "Royal Stables (Sweden)", "founded by", "Gustav I of Sweden" ]

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[ "Oskarshamn", "founded by", "Oscar I of Sweden" ]

History Etymology Döderhultsvik was the original name before a town charter was granted in 1856. The name was then changed to Oscarshamn (meaning: Oscar's port) after the king Oscar I of Sweden. The spelling has later changed to Oskarshamn.

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[ "Oskarshamn", "topic's main category", "Category:Oskarshamn" ]

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[ "Montreal (castle)", "founded by", "Baldwin I of Jerusalem" ]

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[ "Montreal (castle)", "owned by", "Baldwin I of Jerusalem" ]

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[ "Hagaparken", "has part(s) of the class", "building" ]

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[ "Hagaparken", "founded by", "Gustav III of Sweden" ]

History The master plan for development was originally designed by architect Fredrik Magnus Piper (1746–1824). Hagaparken has historically been favoured by Swedish royalty, especially Gustav III who founded it and developed it 1780-1797, and by the famous troubadour Carl Michael Bellman, a contemporary of Gustav III, who is much associated with Haga due to the lyrics of his compositions, poems and his writings. The song Fjäriln vingad syns på Haga (The wingéd butterfly is seen in Haga), one of the best-known of Bellman's Fredman's Songs, is entirely dedicated to the park.In 1935, Hagaparken became a state building monument and has been part of Sweden's first national city park, the Royal National City Park, since 1994. Today it is managed by the State Property Agency (Statens fastighetsverk) and the Royal Djurgården Administration (Kungliga Djurgårdens Förvaltning).

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[ "Hagaparken", "has use", "château" ]

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[ "Hagaparken", "topic's main category", "Category:Hagaparken" ]

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[ "Humlegården", "founded by", "John III of Sweden" ]

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[ "Schwerin", "topic's main category", "Category:Schwerin" ]

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[ "Schwerin", "founded by", "Henry the Lion" ]

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[ "Schwerin", "different from", "Schwerin" ]

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[ "Schwerin", "said to be the same as", "Schwerin" ]

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[ "Munich Re", "founded by", "Carl von Thieme" ]

Munich Re Art Collection The Munich Re Art Collection's history begins with the company's founding by Carl von Thieme, who commissioned artists such as Reinhold Max Eichler and Fritz Erler to decorate the new company headquarters built on Munich's Königinstraße in 1912-13. The Collection was geared to modern art, which from the outset has been successively expanded over the decades with works by important artists. It includes works by Rudolf Belling, Barbara Hepworth, Rupprecht Geiger (“Concave rounded”, 1973), Norbert Kricke and Joseph Beuys. Purchases for the Collection increased from the mid-1990s. The Walking Man by Jonathan Borofsky has stood outside a Munich Re building on Leopoldstraße since 1995 and has since become a symbol of Munich. Sculptures and installations from the Munich Re Art Collection by artists such as Olafur Eliasson (“Light Curtain”, 2002) and Roxy Paine (“Discrepancy”, 2011) are also found in the public spaces. Artists like Angela Bulloch, Keith Sonnier and James Turrell have designed light installations for the extensive network of underground passages that link the company's buildings in Schwabing, Munich.

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[ "Munich Re", "owned by", "BlackRock" ]

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[ "Munich Re", "founded by", "Wilhelm von Finck" ]

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[ "Munich Re", "topic's main category", "Category:Munich Re" ]

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[ "Munich Re", "owner of", "Munich Re Art Collection" ]

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[ "Beuron Archabbey", "founded by", "Maurus Wolter" ]

History It was founded by the brothers Maurus and Placidus Wolter. In 1862, with the assistance and support of Princess Katharina of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, they were able to purchase the former Augustinian monastery in Beuron, vacant since 1802. The foundation was coordinated with the Archbishop of Freiburg. While the settlement in Beuron was still being prepared, Maurus Wolter spent three months at the French Benedictine Abbey of Solesmes in the autumn of 1862. Abbot Prosper Guéranger's approach to Gregorian Chant made a deep impression on Wolter.St. Martin's Abbey opened in 1863 as a daughter-house of the Abbey of St. Paul Outside the Walls, with Maurus Wolter as prior. In 1868 Beuron became an abbey and Maurus Wolter was ordained the first abbot. As St. Martin's Abbey began to distance itself from the motherhouse in Rome, it developed closer links with Abbot Prosper Guéranger and Solesmes. Wolter revived the ancient way of interpreting the Psalter, used it in contemporary form and utilized it in the training of novices.In 1872 St. Martin's was able to found a subsidiary monastery in Maredsous, Belgium, with a few monks. Two years later, Maurus over the management of St. Martin's to his brother Placidus.Between 1875 and 1887 because of political conditions during the "Kulturkampf" ("cultural struggle") the monks had to leave. Most relocated to Volders in Austria. Princess von Hohenzollern took care of the administration of the buildings and lands during their absence until the monks could return in 1887. The monks of Beuron used the opportunity to found new communities elsewhere, such as Erdington Abbey in England. In 1880 the Beuron family took over Emmaus Monastery in Prague. In 1883 Seckau Abbey in Austria was resettled by the Benedictines from Beuron. After approval of the constitutions, in 1884 the Beuronese Congregation was founded. It is a member of the Benedictine Confederation.Beuron Abbey was reopened in 1887 and became the seat of the Archabbot and the venue for the annual General Chapter of the Congregation. Beuron Abbey was a center of the 19th century Liturgical Movement, with Anselm Schott publishing a German translation of the Roman Missal since 1884. After the forced dissolution in the 1870s, Schott ultimately ended up in Maria Laach. The "Schott" German Missals and Prayers of the Faithful are still standard equipment in German parishes. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the Beuron Art School, with its emphasis on early Christian and Byzantine art, was influential on religious art of the period. One of the biggest exhibits of this type of art in the United States is at Conception Abbey in Missouri which was founded on principles established by Beuron. The abbey continues to be a centre of study. The library is the largest monastic library in Germany, with over 400,000 books. Since 1884 the abbey has published the Missale Romanum, a lay missal originally produced by Father Anselm Schott of Beuron. The abbey also houses the Vetus-Latina-Institut (Ancient Latin Institute), which has for its purpose the collection and publication of all extant Old Latin translations of the Bible.

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[ "Biltmore Forest School", "founded by", "Carl A. Schenck" ]

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[ "Biltmore Forest School", "topic's main category", "Category:Biltmore Forest School" ]

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[ "ZFK Zenit Saint Petersburg", "founded by", "Gazprom" ]

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[ "ZFK Zenit Saint Petersburg", "owned by", "FC Zenit Saint Petersburg" ]

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[ "Brunswick Cathedral", "founded by", "Henry the Lion" ]

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[ "Brunswick Cathedral", "owner of", "Guelph Treasure" ]

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[ "Brunswick Cathedral", "topic's main category", "Category:Brunswick Cathedral" ]

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[ "Teddy Award", "founded by", "Manfred Salzgeber" ]

History In 1987 German filmmakers Wieland Speck and Manfred Salzgeber formed a jury called the International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival Association (IGLFFA) to create an award for LGBT films. It was originally named the Teddy Bear Award, in accordance with the Berlinale's main awards being named as the Golden and Silver Bear; the name was later shortened to Teddy Award, although the statuette presented to winners is still shaped like a teddy bear. The first Teddy Award was given to Pedro Almodóvar for his film La ley del deseo, which featured Antonio Banderas. The awards were originally founded in a gay bookshop in West Berlin, they were named after the cuddly toys which were sent as prizes to the winners. They were then upgraded to metal trophies but are still thought to be a deliberate parody of the main Berlin Film Festival’s Golden Bear trophy.1990 was the first bigger festival in the LGBT centrum SchwuZ in Berlin with around 400 guests. The evening was organized from BeV StroganoV and workers of the bookstore Eisenherz in Berlin. In 1992 the award was officially made part of the Berlin International Film Festival. In 1997 TEDDY e.V., a non-profit organisation was founded, which lobbied the award.

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[ "Teddy Award", "topic's main category", "Category:Teddy Award" ]

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[ "Teddy Award", "founded by", "Wieland Speck" ]

History In 1987 German filmmakers Wieland Speck and Manfred Salzgeber formed a jury called the International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival Association (IGLFFA) to create an award for LGBT films. It was originally named the Teddy Bear Award, in accordance with the Berlinale's main awards being named as the Golden and Silver Bear; the name was later shortened to Teddy Award, although the statuette presented to winners is still shaped like a teddy bear. The first Teddy Award was given to Pedro Almodóvar for his film La ley del deseo, which featured Antonio Banderas. The awards were originally founded in a gay bookshop in West Berlin, they were named after the cuddly toys which were sent as prizes to the winners. They were then upgraded to metal trophies but are still thought to be a deliberate parody of the main Berlin Film Festival’s Golden Bear trophy.1990 was the first bigger festival in the LGBT centrum SchwuZ in Berlin with around 400 guests. The evening was organized from BeV StroganoV and workers of the bookstore Eisenherz in Berlin. In 1992 the award was officially made part of the Berlin International Film Festival. In 1997 TEDDY e.V., a non-profit organisation was founded, which lobbied the award.

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[ "International Youth Library", "founded by", "Jella Lepman" ]

History The Munich library was founded in 1949 by the journalist and author Jella Lepman. The idea was a huge success because of the youth book exhibition in 1946, from which the exhibition material became the basis for the library's collection. On 14 September 1949, the international youth library opened with a collection of over 8000 volumes. Jella Lepman's idea to promote tolerance, reconciliation and understanding of other life forms and cultures with the help of international child and youth books as influential material, was received by the public with great interest. The international youth library serves as an archive of the valuable and rare collection, as well as a place for children's gathering and interacting and to promote its objectives.

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[ "Duvdevan Unit", "founded by", "Ehud Barak" ]

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[ "Temple of Amenhotep IV", "founded by", "Tutankamón" ]

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[ "Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza", "replaces", "White Mosque (Saraqusta)" ]

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[ "Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza", "significant event", "coronation of the Kings of Aragon" ]

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[ "Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza", "founded by", "Alfon the Battler" ]

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[ "Cathedral of the Savior of Zaragoza", "topic's main category", "Category:La Seo of Zaragoza" ]

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[ "Welteislehre", "founded by", "Hanns Hörbiger" ]

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[ "Birger Jarls torn", "founded by", "Gustav I of Sweden" ]

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2

[ "Birger Jarls torn", "located on terrain feature", "Riddarholmen" ]

Birger Jarls torn (Swedish for Birger Jarl's Tower) is a defensive tower on the northwest corner of Riddarholmen, an islet in Gamla Stan, the old town of Stockholm. The building has been named for Birger Jarl who traditionally is attributed as the founder of Stockholm, but it was built several hundred years later and the name is mostly the product of a 17th-century myth. Stockholm literally translates to "Log-Islet", and according to that myth the city was founded where a log drifting ashore from Lake Mälar.

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[ "James Joyce Tower and Museum", "founded by", "John Huston" ]

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[ "James Joyce Tower and Museum", "founded by", "Michael Scott" ]

History The tower was leased from the War Office by Joyce's university friend Oliver St. John Gogarty, with the purpose of "Hellenising" Ireland. Joyce stayed there for six days, from 9 to 14 September in 1904. Gogarty later attributed Joyce's abrupt departure to a midnight incident with a loaded revolver.The opening scenes of Ulysses are set the morning after this incident. Gogarty is immortalised as "Stately, plump Buck Mulligan" (the opening words of the novel).The tower now contains a museum dedicated to Joyce and displays some of his possessions and other ephemera associated with Ulysses (e.g., "Plumtree's Potted Meat" pot). The living space is set up to resemble its 1904 appearance, and contains a ceramic panther to represent one seen in a dream by a resident. It is a place of pilgrimage for Joyce enthusiasts, especially on Bloomsday.It was purchased in 1954 by architect Michael Scott who, in 1937, built his house, Geragh, next door, on a former quarry. In 1962, he donated the tower for the purpose of making it a museum. Michael Scott is co-founder, with financial assistance by John Huston, of the James Joyce Museum at the Joyce Tower.The Tower became a museum opening on 16 June 1962 through the efforts of Dublin artist John Ryan. Ryan also rescued the front door to 7 Eccles Street (now at the James Joyce Centre) from demolition and organised, with Brian O'Nolan, the first Bloomsday Celebration in 1954.The James Joyce Tower is open Thursday-Sunday, 10am-4pm Admission is free, though visits can be booked in advance on the website for a small donation. The museum is run by the Friends of Joyce Tower Society on a voluntary basis. Joyce Tower

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[ "Gotland Artillery Regiment", "founded by", "Charles XIII of Sweden" ]

History The regiment origins from the Artillery Conscripts of the Gotland National Conscription (Gotlands nationalbevärings artilleribeväring), which were organized in 1811 as a result of the Russian occupation of Gotland in 1808 and by a convention adopted by the islanders in December 1810, which was ratified by King Charles XIII on 5 February 1811. It consisted then of two artillery batteries and a fortification company with a squad of 100 men, located in Visby. The unit was reorganized in 1861 into Gotland National Conscription Artillery Corps (Gotlands nationalbevärings artillerikår) and was given the designation No 4. In 1887 the corps changed its name to Gotland Artillery Corps (No 4). The Gotland Artillery Corps was redesignated No 7 in 1892 so that the planned Norrland Artillery Regiment could become No 4. In 1914 the name was changed to A 7. In conjunction with the so called OLLI reform, which was carried out by the Swedish Armed Forces in 1973 and in 1975, A units and B units were created. The A units were regiments responsible for a defence district, and the B units were training regiments. In Gotland's case, it distinguished itself from the allotment on the mainland. This when the VII. Military Area was reorganized into Gotland Military Command (MKG) in 1966. The military command constituted a special command and control organization within the Eastern Military District, but did not have the overall responsibility for the administration of the island. Furthermore, the professional mobilization was led on a unit level. Through the reform, the full mobilization and material responsibility within the military command was added, regardless of military branch. This meant that the Gotland Artillery Corps which was included in the Gotland Military Command (MKG) came to be a B unit (training regiment). By the reform, the corps adopted the new name Gotland Artillery Regiment on 1 July 1975.Prior to the Defence Act of 1977 and 1982, the Gotland Artillery Regiment was exempted from the investigation carried out by the National Institute of Defence Organization and Management (Försvarets rationaliseringsinstitut). In the Defence Act of 1977, the Gotland Artillery Regiment was exempted because of regional political conditions. Instead the National Institute of Defence Organization and Management believed that the Småland Artillery Regiment (A 6) with the Artillery Cadet and Aspirant School (Artilleriets kadett- och aspirantskola, ArtKAS) as well as the Miloverkstaden in Jönköping would be disbanded. The Supreme Commander and the Chief of the Army, however, believed that no artillery regiment would be disbanded. However, the National Institute of Defence Organization and Management suggested in their investigation to give the Supreme Commander the task of examining the further development of the OLLI organization. In a further development, it wanted to merge Gotland Regiment (P 18), Gotland Artillery Regiment (A 7) and Gotland Anti-Aircraft Battalion (Lv 2) into an army regiment. Prior to the Defence Act of 1982, the Boden Artillery Regiment, Gotland Artillery Regiment, Norrland Artillery Regiment, Wendes Artillery Regiment and the Bergslagen Artillery Regiment were exempted from the review of finding a cost reduction within the artillery. The Gotland Artillery Regiment were exempted from the investigation of disbandment, partly because of regional policy considerations but also demands for the war organization's preparedness and mobilization. The merger proposed by the government to the Riksdag in the previous act had not been implemented. This meant that the government once again proposed to the Riksdag to merge the staffs of the Gotland Regiment, Gotland Artillery Regiment and the Gotland Anti-Aircraft Battalion with the staff of the Gotland Military Command, and form an authority from 1 July 1982.Through the Defence Act of 1992, the Gotland Military Command was separated from the Gotland Regiment, Gotland Artillery Regiment and the Gotland Anti-Aircraft Corps, and formed independent units from 1 July 1994. The military command came to only lead all operations on Gotland, which on the mainland were solved by the defense area staffs, division staffs and naval command staffs. Prior to the Defence Act of 2000, the government proposed in its Bill 1999/2000:30 that only one artillery regiment would remain in the basic organization. The regiments which the government wanted to disband included Gotland Artillery Regiment. This in the light that the government considered it unsuitable to centralize the artillery training to Gotland, not least due to the investment needs and the limited opportunities for long-term manpower. Remaining in the artillery of the new basic organization was the Bergslagen Artillery Regiment, this because the government considered that to be the regiment which had the best conditions for long-term training and practice of artillery units. On 30 June 2000, the Gotland Artillery Regiment was disbanded. On 1 July 2000, the Bergslagen Artillery Regiment took the new name, the Artillery Regiment.

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[ "Darjeeling", "topic's main category", "Category:Darjeeling" ]

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[ "Darjeeling", "founded by", "East India Company" ]

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[ "Bedford School", "founded by", "Edward VI of England" ]

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[ "Bedford School", "topic's main category", "Category:Bedford School" ]

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[ "Pozzo di San Patrizio", "founded by", "Clement VII" ]

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[ "Pozzo di San Patrizio", "topic's main category", "Category:Saint Patrick's well (Orvieto)" ]

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[ "Order of the Thistle", "topic's main category", "Category:Order of the Thistle" ]

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[ "Order of the Thistle", "founded by", "James II of England" ]

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[ "G20", "founded by", "Paul Martin" ]

History The G20 is the latest in a series of post–World War II initiatives aimed at international coordination of economic policy, which include institutions such as the "Bretton Woods twins", the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and what is now the World Trade Organization.The G20 was foreshadowed at the Cologne summit of the G7 in June 1999, and formally established at the G7 Finance Ministers' meeting on 26 September 1999 with an inaugural meeting on 15–16 December 1999 in Berlin. Canadian finance minister Paul Martin was chosen as the first chairman and German finance minister Hans Eichel hosted the inaugural meeting.A 2004 report by Colin I. Bradford and Johannes F. Linn of the Brookings Institution asserted the group was founded primarily at the initiative of Eichel, the concurrent chair of the G7. However, Bradford later described then-Finance Minister of Canada (and future Prime Minister of Canada) Paul Martin as "the crucial architect of the formation of the G-20 at finance minister level", and as the one who later "proposed that the G-20 countries move to leaders level summits". Canadian academic and journalistic sources have also identified the G20 as a project initiated by Martin and his American counterpart then-Treasury Secretary Larry Summers. All acknowledge, however, that Germany and the United States played a key role in bringing their vision into reality. Martin and Summers conceived of the G20 in response to the series of massive debt crises that had spread across emerging markets in the late 1990s, beginning with the Mexican peso crisis and followed by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the 1998 Russian financial crisis, and eventually impacting the United States, most prominently in the form of the collapse of the prominent hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management in the autumn of 1998. It illustrated to them that in a rapidly globalizing world, the G7, G8, and the Bretton Woods system would be unable to provide financial stability, and they conceived of a new, broader permanent group of major world economies that would give a voice and new responsibilities in providing it.The G20 membership was decided by Eichel's deputy Caio Koch-Weser and Summers's deputy Timothy Geithner. According to the political economist Robert Wade:

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[ "G20", "founded by", "G7" ]

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[ "G20", "different from", "G20" ]

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[ "G20", "different from", "Les XX" ]

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[ "G20", "different from", "G20 developing nations" ]

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[ "G20", "topic's main category", "Category:G20" ]

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[ "Mainfranken Theater Würzburg", "founded by", "Julius von Soden" ]

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[ "École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse", "founded by", "Paul Sabatier" ]

History Founded in 1909 by Paul Sabatier, Nobel prize in chemistry, the institute became ENSAT in 1970 and joined forces with INP-ENSIACET and INP-ENSEEIHT to create the National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse.

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