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3kk5xw
|
what exactly is the difference between being angry and being frustrated?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3kk5xw/eli5_what_exactly_is_the_difference_between_being/
|
{
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"cuy5y6m"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"Anger: a strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility.\n\nFrustration: the feeling of being upset or annoyed, especially because of inability to change or achieve something.\n\n(Google)\n\nThere are two major differences. First: Frustration is specifically because of *an inability to change or achieve something*: I can be angry because you did something, or because something happened, or any number of things, but I can only be frustrated *after* I've done something about it.\n\nSecond, anger is usually associated with hostility. I can be frustrated and not show hostility; but if there isn't some level of hostility in me, I'm not angry (yet)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
86w94b
|
if the human body rejects foreign cells, how does sperm travel without getting rejected
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/86w94b/eli5_if_the_human_body_rejects_foreign_cells_how/
|
{
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"dw8au6a",
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"score": [
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5
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"text": [
"There is a lot of rejection going on for the sperm cell. \n\nThe basic process goes like this...\n\n\n > 1. Ejaculation: ~100% of sperm are in the vaginal canal\n\n\n > 2. Cervix movement:~ 20-30% of the sperm pass through here, if we're lucky\n\n\n > 3. Uterine Movement: ~10% survive at this stage. This is where white blood cells attack them, the acidity of the uterus attacks them, it is a confusing area for sperm and it is an area of low nutrients. At the end of this stage, 1% exist\n\n\n > 4. Fallopian tube/follicle chemotaxis stage: of those 1%, when the egg travels near them, they go nuts and swim as fast as they can towards the egg. When the sperm and egg meet, ferilization occurs. \n\n\n\nAnyways, so steps 1-3 are all hostile environments, and 99% get rejected. They are identified and they do die really quickly. With reproduction, the female reproductive system has tools to aid the sperm as well, further increasing the odds they succeed - lowering the chances of rejection. \n\nIt is good to note that, even under typical immune responses our bodies don't catch 100% of everything. In reproduction, we only need a few near the egg for successful fertilization. ",
"There is a difference between being inside the body, and being \"inside the body\". If foreign cells were injected into a muscle, or the blood stream, they would be attacked by the immune system. But in your mouth, and other body cavities, things are different. \n\nThis also counts for your stomach and intestines. When you eat something, it's inside your body, but the esophagus, stomach, intestines, colon, etc keep it from getting into your blood stream, and having access to the rest of the body. They isolate it, which is why for instance having fecal matter in a wound can be deadly, yet fecal matter in your intestines is normal and doesn't cause sepsis. \n\nThe Cervix acts to keep things out of the uterus and Fallopian tubes, and the environment in there is hostile to many invaders, including sperm cells. Part of purpose of semen for instance is to provide a buffer against that hostile environment, so the sperm cells can make it past the cervix, and into the more delicate uterus where the eggs are deposited. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
2chf0s
|
the effect of white noise, pink noise and other ambient sounds on the brain.
|
YouTube is filled with videos like "10 Hour White Noise Improves Brain Function" etc. I just wanted to know what the different noises actually do and what the difference between their colors are.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2chf0s/eli5_the_effect_of_white_noise_pink_noise_and/
|
{
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"'Noise' is the term used for a sound that comprises of each frequency in a certain spectrum being distributed. For example - 'White noise' is every frequency from 0Hz to 20KHz. The difference between the different noise types are simply their frequency distribution (with brown noise having more excitation in it's lower frequencies IIRC ect ect). The different between the noises can be seen when you look at them through a visual EQ (there are also images online I believe).\n\nI'm not sure if listening to noise at extended intervals has any effect on the brain, however some people find it easier to concentrate with sound in the background and because noise is just, well - noise, there isn't really anything to distract someone while they're working hard. The different noises are no different in this respect (at least, from my personal experience).\n\nSources: programmed a noise generator during first year of university",
"The effect of various noises hasn't been *proven* to be anything more than basic relaxation, which can be obtained by any number of methods (relaxing music, mindfulness meditation, etc), but it is claimed to do all sorts of things to your brain waves. They're good for blocking out distracting background noises to allow you to focus on reading, programming, or whatever else you need.\n\nAs for the differences between the various noises, there's white, pink, red, and gray noise. All of them play random static over all frequencies, but the differences are in the volumes of different frequencies. \n\nWhite noise plays every single frequency at the exact same volume. However, humans hear mid-level frequencies better than low or high frequencies, so it doesn't sound like it does. \n\nPink noise uses a specific equation which *basically* means lower frequencies are loud and high frequencies are quiet, with a smooth transition between the two, [as in this image.](_URL_3_)\n\nRed noise (also known as brownian or brown noise) is similar to pink noise, but more intense (hence, red and pink). Low frequences are loud and higher frequences are quieter until they are *silent* at the highest of frequencies, [again, as in this image.](_URL_2_)\n\nGray noise, finally, is similar to white noise, but uses a specific wave which makes it *sound* like every frequency is the same volume for human ears. It's never exactly right, because every human ear and every speaker is different, but it's a lot better than white noise. [Here is an example of gray noise.](_URL_0_) Also, [here is a generator](_URL_1_) which allows you to custom build a near-perfect gray noise for *your* ears and *your* speakers. It's pretty handy."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gray_noise_spectrum.svg/220px-Gray_noise_spectrum.svg.png",
"http://mynoise.net/NoiseMachines/greyNoiseGenerator.php",
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Brown_noise_spectrum.svg/220px-Brown_noise_spectrum.svg.png",
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pink_noise_spectrum.svg/220px-Pink_noise_spectrum.svg.png"
]
] |
|
1basni
|
north korea (why are they provoking war(s), to me it seems obvious that they'd be destroyed immediately).
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1basni/eli5_north_korea_why_are_they_provoking_wars_to/
|
{
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"c958id7"
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"text": [
"North Korea looks at what America has done and is doing in South America and the Middle East and they get very worried. The USA has a well documented history of over throwing governments which don't follow US interests and replacing them with those that do. This is essentially the CIA's job.\n\nNorth Korea also remembers the Korean War, and looks at what Americans are doing in South Korea today. They are also suffering from terrible sanctions imposed after their rocket test (which was actually legal per UN resolutions).\n\nNorth Korea is incredibly worried that they are America's next target, so they are looking to defend themselves. Before the rocket test and resulting sanctions, I doubt they would have escalated so far. But since they were sanctioned for essentially doing nothing wrong, I reckon they're basically just saying \"fuck it\" and going ahead.\n\nThe North Koreans are not stupid: they know full well that they would be destroyed if they were the instigators. They are also aware that South Korea would be damaged, something they want to avoid.\n\nSo in the mentality of the North Koreans, they are defending themselves from possible American aggression. It's up to you whether you think this is warranted or not. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
du5gzs
|
how do voyagers i & ii keep working?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/du5gzs/eli5_how_do_voyagers_iii_keep_working/
|
{
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"text": [
"If I remember correctly they have both solar panels and nuclear reactors powered with plutonium.",
"Funny enough, freezing in space is usually the exact opposite thing you should be concerned about for a spacecraft. If you generate enough energy to run computers, you need to vent the excess heat, and in space there is no air to vent the heat *to*, so you are more likely to overheat than freeze.\n\nThat aside, I don't know what power source they are using, but in space you don't have to worry about rust or similar issues, so things won't really break down \"from the elements\". Moving parts are likely what would be in danger, but I doubt there are many mechanical moving parts on the probes (at least, that are still necessary at this stage)",
"The Voyager probes are powered by plutonium radiothermal generators. They produce enough heat to keep the probe warm, and make enough electricity to run the systems."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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||
fc0t7a
|
the tea act of 1773?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fc0t7a/eli5_the_tea_act_of_1773/
|
{
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"fj86a1n"
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"text": [
"In 1757, forces belonging to the East India beat the forces of the rapidly collapsing Mughal Empire in the Battle of Plassey, which allowed them to gain control over the Bengal subah and marked the begin of company rule in India.\n\nNow, Bengal at the time was one of, if not -the- most prosperous region on Earth. So the EIC should be swimming in money, right? Well, no. They had to spend huge sums of money to buy the loyalty of the Bengali nobility, buy their troops to intimidate the nobles they could not bribe into compliance, and generally began to mismanage the region.\n\nThen starting in the late 1760s the rains in Bengal began to fail, and by 1770 the region had entered a state of famine. With people dying and those clinging on to live only barely doing so, tax revenue in the region fell dramatically. So the company, determined to keep revenue high, instructed its tax collectors to do so *with force* Which only led to more deaths, which led to more economic downturn, which led to less taxes. Remember that through all this the EIC had to bribe the nobility and pay its troops. On top of a 400,000 pounds that had to be paid to the British government annually.\n\nBy late 1770 the rains returned, but smaller droughts in the following years led to further death. When the situation finally normalized in 1773, 10 million people had died. Out of a population of 30 million before the famine began. \n\nBy that point, the EIC faced bankruptcy, so they asked the British government for a bailout. London was fully aware that the EIC was very much too big to fail, but just giving them a stack of cash would've looked bad I suppose. So they instead it was proposed that the EIC should be allowed to sell it's tea freely in the Americas without paying import dues to the British government. Fun fact: One of the proponents of this plan was no other than Benjamin Franklin.\n\nIn the colonies though the act was less popular. Local tea merchants and tea smugglers alike would've lost their business, so they roused the already incensed general population into having a little party at Boston harbor.\n\nAs you may have noted, no additional tax burden would've fallen upon the colonies. If anything, for the average customer tea would've gotten a lot cheaper if anything. That whole \"no taxation without representation\" affair is all about the Townshend Acts of 1767.\n\nTL;DR: People halfway around the world start dying. International company faces bankruptcy because those people are dying. Government steps in by lowering taxes. People get angry and rant about raised taxes."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
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||
1slulz
|
why do people take offense after being flipped off?
|
It's just a silly hand configuration
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1slulz/eli5why_do_people_take_offense_after_being/
|
{
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"text": [
"It's the meaning behind it. \"Fuck you, cunt\" are just three syllables composed of a combination of letters, but it can still hurt.",
"We've been taught from a very young age that flipping somebody off was a pretty rude/disrespectful thing. It's exactly like teaching a little kid \"bad\" words which, by nature, have negative connotations. So if you've grown up thinking of it as \"inappropriate\" you might get offended by the simple fact that you know it's offensive. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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|
1tsd17
|
optogenetics
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1tsd17/eli5_optogenetics/
|
{
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"text": [
"I'm just starting to learn about this, so I'm not completely qualified to answer. However, this is a great introductory video from a credible source (MIT): _URL_0_",
"I don't have a detailed explanation, but in my research, we use optogenetics to selectively turn on and off certain DNA, and therefore turn on and off certain phenotypes. We do this so we can isolate/manipulate variables and experiment. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://video.mit.edu/watch/optogenetics-controlling-the-brain-with-light-7659/"
],
[]
] |
||
6ne65t
|
how what my mother ate while she was pregnant with me affects me? as in if she ate chicken a lot during her pregnancy. and i love chicken but she generally doesn't like chicken.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ne65t/eli5_how_what_my_mother_ate_while_she_was/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dk8tpis"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"A person can crave different things in pregnancy because of shifting hormones or a lack of certain vitamins or minerals. For example, craving ice during pregnancy can be very common and it can sometimes be due to a lack of iron. Pregnancy can also alter your sense of smell which will also alter your sense of taste. Chicken could have tasted better to her during pregnancy because of that. Your own personal food preferences should not have affected her during her pregnancy and it may just be a coincidence that you like chicken and she doesn't. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
brcvs9
|
why does a mirage reflect the ground and area in front of it? e.g a car traveling on the highway where you can see the reflection on the road.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/brcvs9/eli5_why_does_a_mirage_reflect_the_ground_and/
|
{
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"text": [
"It is a complicated concept which uses refraction, critical angles, snells law, etc. \n\nFirst you need to understand refraction. This happens when lights moves from one medium to another. Say water to air. This you can notice in a pool, where if you put a stick half way in water and half outside, you will see it bend. This bending of light is called refraction. This is caused due to differing densities of the two mediums. \n\n\nWhen light travels from a medium of higher to lower density. It bends away from the vertical. When it goes from lower to higher density it bends towards the vertical. This is explained in more detail using snells law.\n\n\nWe are interested in the first case where light bends away. The angle at which it bends( angle of refraction) is proportional to the angle at which the light is hitting the transition surface (agngle of incidence) between the two mediums. Now as that angle of incidence keeps increases the angle of refraction keeps increasing as well. Now since the light bends away from the vertical in this case the angle of refraction will always be greater than the angle of incidence. As the angle of incidence gets close to the horizontal (or the horizon where you usually see a mirage) this angle becomes so big that the angle of refraction is now parallel to the ground. So the angle of refraction now starts to just come back into the same medium where it started. Hope that makes sense. \n\nSo a mirage is just that but inverted, where the hotter air closer to the ground has lesser density than the cooler air above it. So when light comes from the cooler(more denser) air to the hotter (less denser) air it starts to refract. As you watch the objects closer to the horizon, the angle of incidence increase which proportionally increases the angle of refraction, and when you reach the critical angle, it just starts reflecting back (like a mirror).",
"Light Rays speed up as they move through air at higher temperatures. This happens naturally as light enters the atmosphere.\n\nAs a light ray approaches a hot road at an angle, the bottom of the Ray speeds up first causing it to bend upwards. At hot enough temperatures, like those above an ashphalt road in the summer, it bends up very sharply. This results in you seeing light Rays that never touched the ground.\n\nThere is another time that light curves upwards sharply too. When it hits a reflection, like a puddle of water. Because the two are visually identical, your brain assumes they are both puddles.\n\nBUT, because the mirage light bends at a very specific angle, it disappears as you get closer (as your angle to the mirage changes), unlike a reflection. On a perfectly flat road, this would result in a mirage that seemed to stay at a fixed distance from you, like a rainbow.\n\n_URL_0_"
]
}
|
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[
[],
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"https://www.scienceabc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Mirage-diagram.jpg"
]
] |
||
7ewu8m
|
maternal haplogroups mean we're all descended from the same woman?
|
I'm reading on 23andMe, trying to understand my results, and it says this:
> If every person living today could trace his or her maternal line > back over thousands of generations, all of our lines would meet at > a single woman who lived in eastern Africa between 150,000 and > 200,000 years ago. Though she was one of perhaps thousands of > women alive at the time, only the diverse branches of her > haplogroup have survived to today. The story of your maternal line > begins with her.
I'm confused. Why would there be only one woman whose genes survived through the generations? Does this mean that everyone alive now has a common human ancestor?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7ewu8m/eli5maternal_haplogroups_mean_were_all_descended/
|
{
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"text": [
"Who you're describing is called \"mitochondrial Eve\".\n\nBasically, all of our mitochondrial DNA traces back to this one woman, since mitochondria is passed on almost exclusively through the egg. Because of this, we can track the ancestry of all human cells, and they all happen to converge to one person.\n\nThis person is the most recent common matrilineal ancestor of all humans, but she is not the most recent common ancestor of all humans.",
"Yes, everyone alive now is related to this one person. But its not just that. You can trace every human and every chimpanzee to a single ancestor a long time ago too.\n\nMore than that . Every single living thing on this planet is descended from a single organism, a bacteria or something similar to it, that lived 3.5 billion years ago. ",
"Think of it this way: \nFor each generation the likelihood of a matrilineal line dying out increases. This can happen in two ways: \n1. The women in the matrilineal line have no offspring. \n2. The women in the matrilineal line have only male offspring. \n\nAs thousands of generations go by, one of the two become increasingly likely, until there are only one matrilineal line left alive. \n\nThat doesn't mean the other women's genes didn't survive, it just means she's the only woman who can trace her ancestry down from 200000 years ago to today **through an unbroken line of daughters**. \n\n\nOr think about it this way: all the women who kept their matrilineal line alive would have had at least one daughter, and some would have had **more** than one daughter. This means the ancestral tree eventually converges to one individual as we move back in time. \n\nShe is called mitochondrial Eve, since the mitochondria is almost exclusively inherited from the mother. \n\nThere's a male equivalent, Y-chromosome Adam, who lived around 200,000 to 300,000 years ago. It is possible, but not likely, that mitochondrial Eve and y-chromosome Adam met each other. \n\nEveryone alive today does share a common human ancestor, but he or she lived more recently than either Adam or Eve. "
]
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|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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|
a1ml65
|
why does every country have a similar variation of the word police?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a1ml65/eli5_why_does_every_country_have_a_similar/
|
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"text": [
"Police in Japanese is Keisatsu.\n\nSo, you're probably thinking of languages that stem from a common root, like Latin.",
"Because it’s root is an ancient (Greek) word and it has descended down to most of ancient Greek’s successor languages, including Latin, meaning all of the Romance languages. \n\nThere are a bunch of other words like this - “athlete” is an example. You just don’t see them in international spy movies. ",
"Ultimately it comes from Greek via Latin, but I'd be willing to bet that it entered most other European languages as a loanword from French during the Napoleonic era. That is approximately when it entered English (at least in its modern meaning).",
"Same linguistic root. \n\nPolice in some form or another comes through the Latin (*politia)* from the Greek (*politeia*) meaning citizenship, administration or civil polity. Which is itself derived from the word for city (*polis*).",
"I agree with all the points alrdy made here about lingual families etc, so won't go into further detail with that. However I feel what wasn't covered is the fact that when a new Concept is created somewhere and spread around the world to countries that have no pre existing word for it (cause it didn't exist before), the foreign word tends to get adopted into the existing language. Computer. Cola/coke being good examples. Although in the case of for example computer some languages might have used their old word for machine or typewriter if they thought the function of the computer was close enough."
]
}
|
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|
8mso0x
|
why does the sun have a crisp shape in the sky?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8mso0x/eli5_why_does_the_sun_have_a_crisp_shape_in_the/
|
{
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"text": [
"All the fusion is happening deep in the core of the sun.\n\nAll you can see is the sun's surface, which is more or less uniformly bright.\n",
"There is a gradient, the sun is just ludicrously large so a 500 km gradient doesn't really stand out\n\nAnd that's how big it is. The Photosphere of the sun(the layer that gives light) is about 500 km thick which is a pretty good gradient, until you remember the sun is 1,391,016 km across. That gradient is just 0.07% of the radius of the Sun. The Photosphere absorbs most of the energy coming from the core and turns a lot of it into the light that we can see.\n\nThe Corona extends significantly further out(~5 million km) but is about a million times dimmer so you can't see it in contrast to the stupidly bright Photosphere"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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||
6zyeo7
|
why do people say pizza is unhealthy? it has all of the food groups.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6zyeo7/eli5_why_do_people_say_pizza_is_unhealthy_it_has/
|
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"text": [
"What does having some (potentially small) part of each food group have to do with being healthy?\n\nMost pizza is greasy and full of carbs, and even pizza with vegetables on it typically doesn't have a lot of vitamin or other nutrient content relative to the fats and carbs.",
"In a small quantity pizza is an excellent food. It's low in fiber and some vitamins, but high in lots of other things. If you eat a modest portion of pizza together with something that has fiber and vitamins -- say, a big salad -- that's a healthy meal.\n\nThe main problem is that people eat a shitload of pizza and nothing else. That's too high in calories, carbs, fats, and salt, and too low in fiber and vitamins.",
"\"Food groups\" refer to the food pyramid which the USDA stopped using in 2011 because it gave people way wrong ideas about how to eat healthily. \n\nFoods are not inherently bad or good, it's all dependent on lifestyle and diet. For most people who eat pizza, it is very easy to overeat and consume way more calories than appropriate for a single meal. 2 slices would be a normal size meal. How many people do you think eat *only 2 slices* when eating pizza? That's the problem.",
"4 slices of Pizza Hut medium (12\") hand tossed pizza have 880 calories, mostly from simple carbs (100 cal vs 90 from fat and 30 from protein), which is almost half of a 2000 calorie diet's daily caloric intake, and very few vitamins. ",
"As a type 1 diabetic, I love but hate pizza. It's great, it's easy to figure out how many carbs in a slice, and you can get it in so many forms. The problem is, there's a delayed hit on the carbs due to the cheese and oils, so a few hours later I get a sudden spike in my bloodsugar."
]
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|
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[],
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2i18ov
|
why do i fart more when i need to do a poo? how does the fart get around the poo?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2i18ov/eli5_why_do_i_fart_more_when_i_need_to_do_a_poo/
|
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"text": [
"Your poo is decaying. As it decays it releases methane, which is a fart. ",
"The poo channel (intestines) are flexible, so gas can pass around solids. ",
"This is important and requires a serious answer.",
"You are not actually farting. The turd is just honking for right of way",
"A fart is merely a poo honking to pass. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
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||
3uj840
|
how can saudi arabia sue someone in another country for a comment they made on the internet.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3uj840/eli5_how_can_saudi_arabia_sue_someone_in_another/
|
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"Saudi Arabia is a crazy dictatorship so if the King decides he wants to sue the moon, nobody is going to tell him he can't.\n\nThe lawsuit is going to be totally meaningless outside of Saudi Arabia of course."
]
}
|
[] |
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[]
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||
3zt56x
|
whats the story behind those "gold coin" infomercials that claim the coin that they sell for $10 is worth thousands?
|
I get that this is mostly a scam, but how do they get away with this? Is their any truth behind what they say about the value of the coin?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3zt56x/eli5whats_the_story_behind_those_gold_coin/
|
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"They are replicas that are coated in gold (not made of gold), they aren't worth thousands, $10 is probably a lot more than what they are really worth, maybe 25¢.",
"I believe they're coated in \"99% pure gold\" and try to make you think the entire thing is. But yes, most are definitely scams ",
"The 'thousands' they are referring to is how much money old folks are willing to spend on these collections. Sadly, my 90 year-old Parkinson's stricken Grandfather was one of the victims. ",
"Additionally, if you pay close attention to the commercial, they really only show the face side of the coin, but the ONE time they show the reverse side of the coin, you can see \"COPY\" stamped vertically on the guys neck."
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2v7v7f
|
isis, how they are being fed, armed, where they get their water from, who is helping them get water/food/weapons/internet/electricity and basic supplies
|
I want to know how a nation that shuns education is able to work a powergrid and maintain an internet, grow crops and build water/oil wells (or build anything at all for that matter)... I can't imagine that there are actual engineers working for/with ISIS. I'm studying civil engineering and I can't conceive how these people are able to maintain a country.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2v7v7f/eli5_isis_how_they_are_being_fed_armed_where_they/
|
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"ISIS arose as a faction in the Syrian civil war. It provided protection to a civilian population and that population supported ISIS. As ISIS became more successful in the war, the number of civilians they were protecting also grew. They defeated or merged with other factions in the war enlarging their own numbers and taking de facto control over more territory.\n\nThere are lots of engineers who work in the areas controlled by ISIS. They may or may not agree with ISIS as a political movement but they want to keep the water running and the electricity on for the hundreds of thousands of civilians living in the territory ISIS rules.\n\nISIS, and people working with ISIS sell oil and gasoline to the black market in small lots - tanker trucks and barrels transported by light trucks - all over the region. That fuel earns a fraction of the market price for oil but there is so much of it that the revenue extracted is still substantial. ISIS uses that money to pay salaries to its fighting force and to the people who run the civilian infrastructure.\n\nThere is still trade that goes on with the civilian population inside the ISIS-controlled territory. People move in and out of that territory and buy and sell goods and raw materials constantly. One of the biggest reasons ISIS is so dangerous is that for many people living under ISIS is actually safer and less chaotic than their other options. ISIS provides a rule of law, they enforce those laws, they are strong enough to keep banditry and acts of terror to a relative minimum.\n\nIn other words, they look like a \"state\" in every way that matters."
]
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7qzw9p
|
how can we choose whether warm or cold air exits our mouths when breathing out?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7qzw9p/eli5_how_can_we_choose_whether_warm_or_cold_air/
|
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"We can't, assuming the air has been inside your lungs for the same amount of time it will always be the same temperature. \n\nThe difference you feel is when you exhale slowly vs fast, where fast feels colder.",
"As a person that is involved both in thermodynamics and fluid dynamics I'll try to explain.\nAs @palabam had written the air that exiting our lungs is the same temperature always. \n\nWhat matters then is speed.\n\nHere comes Reynolds Number (abbr. Re). Re desribes the flow behaviour, weather it is laminar or turbulent. The higher the speed, the higher the Re and turbulence appears. It happens when we want to move more air in the same space, the same thing happens when we let water through pipe that is to small - it starts to make noises.\n\nTurbulent flow has higher heat transfer coefficient than laminar. Basically, the more air we push through, the more there is to heat, and colder it seems. [Because turbulent boundary layer is smaller than laminar the temperature gradient is steeper which makes the heat from your hands go faster to air]\n\nThen it's not the air temperature that is different, but the rate at which You heat it, makes it feel colder. \n\nTL;DR: It's not the temperature that is different, it's the gradient of temperature that is important, which is affected by speed of passing air.\n\nSelf note: I'll be a terrible parent. I don't have children yet. It's my 3rd post on reddit. ",
"Exhaled air will always have the same temperature as your body, which is usually warmer than room temperature. But if you blow it fast, it will cool down, because bigger air velocity speeds up heat transfer. That's why it feels colder outside during a strong wind.",
"The air coming from your lungs is at a constant warm temperature. But if you make a tight fast stream of air it pulls a lot of room-temperature air along with it, making it colder than just your breath. Faster moving air also feels cooler if it's already colder than your skin temp, because it carries heat away faster. ",
"Blow out with pursed lips and the air is forced through a small opening, making it faster and entraining more surrounding air, making it feel cool.\n\nBlow out with open mouth and it will be warm because it’s moving slower and is not entraining much air.\n",
"It's the pressure of the air coming out of your mouth. \n\n* It's close to your body temperature if you open your mouth and let it out.\n* It becomes cooler if you add pressure to the air - blowing it out forcefully while letting it out of a smaller hole by tightening your lips."
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5xy10s
|
when we hit our knee in that one spot, what causes the excruciating pain?
|
I'm sure we all know the one, you were getting up from your computer, and brushed against the desk. Suddenly a pain emminates from your knee and hurts badly.
Our general reaction being: _URL_0_
I've always wondered, what exactly are we hitting that causes this?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5xy10s/eli5_when_we_hit_our_knee_in_that_one_spot_what/
|
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"do you mean your knee or 5 inchs below it? The spot at the front of the calves I the weak spot that is not covered by muscles (above and below there are still thin lines of \"padding\"), it is also a nervous centre so when it gets knocked it hurts a fuck ton. For the knees I presume you are talking about side of the knees. The knee relies on exerting forces in the right place so the bone bits and the soft tissue levers itself. When force is applied from the side where it's not designed to, it is transferred through the bone structure and squashes the soft tissues and ligaments as well as nerves around them so them is why it's a very disabling strike in martial arts."
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7fiyd0
|
how did christmas become associated with a snowy/wintery landscape and aesthetic, given christianity didn't originate from a nordic country?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7fiyd0/eli5_how_did_christmas_become_associated_with_a/
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"Christianity had the habit of usurping exiting religions as it converted a population. Pre-existing gods, or their domains were converted or taken over by Saints and their religious holidays were converted into Christian ones. Samhain became a 3 day holiday of Halloween, All Saint's Day, and all Souls Day. Spring festivals became Easter. And Solstice festivals such as Yule or the festivals of Sol Invictus became Christmas. ",
"Also Charles Dickens helped create the thought of a snowy Christmas with his stories. And weather science can tell us that of the first 8 years of his life, it snowed on christmas like 5 times, so it heavily influenced his writing.",
"Because the vast majority of the christmas aesthetic is literally from coca cola commercials, right down to the traditional colors red and white. \n\nOld school christmas’s either focussed on santa wearing furs, or st nicholas who was a cardinal (or a bishop?i i forget) .\n\nMost everything “christmassy” began in the last couple centuries, well removed from early christianity.",
"It didn’t originate in a Nordic country, and Israel doesn’t get much snow. However, it became a westernized and Eurocentric tradition, so much of what we associate with Christmas is European in origin.\n\nThe church chose it to be on December 25th for various reasons, including the winter solstice (December 21/22) and other celebrations that historically have taken place around that date.\n\nAs a reference to Nordic influence of Christmas, their Yule celebration during the winter solstice consisted of visiting family, eating a lot of food, and singing songs.\n\n1800s Europe established much of what we associate with Christmas, specifically stories written about Christmas, like A Christmas Carol, The Nutcracker, etc.\n\n “A visit from St. Nicholas” aka “‘Twas the Night Before Christmas” by Clement Clarke Moore was published in 1823 and is often credited with popularizing st Nicholas (Father Christmas), and winter imagery is prominent:\n > The moon on the breast of the new fallen snow, gave the luster of mid-day to objects below...\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
"The North American Christmas tradition is based off Northern European ideas. Canadians celebrate the same way as the British did, and the British adopted a lot of German traditions in the 19th century (because Queen Victoria married Prince Albert; who was from Bavaria). Snow at Christmas was reasonably common in Britain at the time and very much so in that part of Germany."
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3y1eri
|
why do pregnant women crave to eat inedible things? my wife wants to eat bath bubbles and keeps a cup with her that has the smell of my body wash.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3y1eri/eli5_why_do_pregnant_women_crave_to_eat_inedible/
|
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"Pregnant women in general don't crave inedible items. It's not a problem that is typically strongly associated with pregnancy. \n\nHowever, it is a possible sign of a couple different things. The first would be a deficiency in her diet somewhere. People may need iron in their diet and find themselves craving ice or dirt. Etc etc. \n\nAnother possibility is a mental issue that could be presenting due to the pregnancy and changes. \n\n\nEither way, talk to a doc for everyone's health. ",
"It can sometimes be caused by iron deficiency or other nutritional deficiencies, but not always. We don't know the exact cause. It's actually a semi-common side effect of pregnancy. The condition is called Pica. Pica is the practice of craving substances with little or no nutritional value. Most pregnancy and pica related cravings involve non-food substances such as dirt or chalk, but it can also be nonsense food combinations, like the famous 'pickles and ice cream.' The word pica is Latin for magpie which is a bird notorious for eating almost anything. \n\nIt usually isn't serious and resolves by itself with the pregnancy. She shouldn't actually eat the non food items, and you should inform your doctor, so they can test her to make sure there are no underlying nutritional Problems.",
"While unusual cravings are common for pregnant women, I don't think craving bath bubbles is totally normal. She might want to talk to her doctor. If she has an iron (or other) deficiency, that could be causing these weird non-food cravings.\n\nI'm currently pregnant and craving pistachios. Last week, it was granny smith apples and cheddar cheese. When I crave something, it's my body's way of telling me I need some nutrient in that thing. ",
"There are some things that may influence those habits. First hormone changes acting in pregnancy functions, will also change her organism, and appetite. Second the psychology, this new role comes with new social, affective and other duties, mostly when women are pregnant for the first time it will led to bigger psychological changes which may bring a lot of different habits. Last lack of nutrients can make women crave for unusual meals.",
"The scent is making her recognize something she needs, most likely. She doesn't want soap, but the smell is irresistible. Pregnancy completely changes your tastes and food desires. I made my husband take me to Waffle House at midnight for steak - apparently my iron was low. Also the firstborn child is made almost completely of Arby's roast beef and Dove bars - two things that I'd never eaten, and I haven't eaten since she was born. Pregnancy is a nonstop freak show.",
"I had water toxicity during my entire pregnancy so I craved and savored watermelon like it was the rarest, most precious jewel in all the land. ",
"During my pregnancies I craved rocks/dirt. I also craved salt... so badly I'd occasionally eat a pinch of large grain salt. Turned out I was extremely anemic and needed iron... but my doc was insistent that those cravings were very common... and that I shouldn't eat the rocks or dirt.",
"Hated fish my whole life, but got pregnant and craved fish and peanut butter. I needed protein. \n\nI'm sure it's a deficiency somewhere. Trick is to find out what it is. ",
"Ok, a pregnant woman eating nonedible things is not ok. It's called pica and is a medical issue. This needs to be brought up to her OB right away. ",
"In pregnancy the foetus gets first pick of all the micronutrients in the mother's body. If the mother doesn't have enough of one vitamin or mineral for both her and the baby, all of it goes to the foetus and she's left with none. This probably contributes to strange food cravings as her nose/mouth seeks out particular missing molecules.\n\n She needs to eat a bit of everything she can find in the way of fresh, healthy food, but multi-vitamin and pregnancy supplements can be an emergency top up. Fresh veges, fruit, a variety of fish and slow-cooked or microwaved meat, different beans, nuts and whole grains, some variety of oils, like olive, flaxseed, avocado etc.",
"Pregnant woman here - make sure she's getting the nutrients she needs and isn't deficient. Pica is what causes anyone - preggo or not - to try to eat inedible things in search of missing nutrients. Also, babies are nutrient vaccuums and pregnancy is freaky. ",
"When I was pregnant, my body was lacking in sulfur for various reasons. And I think my body instinctivley knew that sulfur was in matchsticks, and I was craving eating matchsticks. I wanted one so freaking bad. They smelled good, they sounded delicious, my body really wanted me to eat some damn matchsticks. Got some vitamins instead lol",
"essential defficiency (probably mineral.) she should expand her diet, eat more collorfully, and take a multivit.",
"I don't have an answer by when I was pregnant I'll be damned if I didn't want to eat white out so bad. I really wanted it in ice cube form. Ice cube white out. It was tough working in an office just full of delicious white out. I hear it's from a deficiency in something like iron. ",
"It's called pica, the craving of non-nutritional foods, sometimes due to a vitamin deficiency..\n\n_URL_0_",
"Strange cravings during pregnancy could be a disorder called [pica](_URL_0_)\n",
"She may have iron deficiency anemia which causes her to crave/chew things that have no nutritional value. I think it's called Pica",
"This condition is known as pica and is likely the manifestation of nutrient deficiencies, such as that of zinc or iron. Pregnancy increases the dietary requirements for specific nutrients required by the developing fetus and may result in pica. In non-pregnant individuals, pica, or the craving to eat non-food substances, is frequently associated with iron deficiency. Many pediatric cases of iron deficiency-related pica drive children to eat paint chips and subsequently develop lead poisoning. \n\n_URL_0_ \n_URL_1_",
"I read somewhere that it was a evolutionary thing... Everything the mother eats also exposes the child to those same bacteria, nutrients, or pathogens. So while eating weird \"non-food\" stuff might Not have any nutrients all value it may introduce an immune response or a bacteria that the fetus could get exposed to. The more diverse food the mother consumes would also benifit the child by exposing it to a variety of nutrients, allergy defense and other stuff... Saw a cool study where mothers exposed to a variety of animals while pregnant had children that had fewer allergies to them. ",
"This is a well-known phenomenon found most often in young children and pregnant women. During pregnancy, some women develop a disorder called [Pica](_URL_0_. The pica usually resolves after the pregnancy but may return during subsequent pregnancies. Not much is known why this occurs in pregnancy, but it is thought to be related to the neurophysiological effects of the sudden, massive changes in the endocrine hormones that occurs in pregnancy. Endocrine hormones may play a part in why Pica is found most often in young children - they are undergoing significant neurophysiological and hormonal changes as the grow up. During my time as child/adolescent therapist, I actually had two adolescents with Pica, and consulted with experts in the study of the disorder. I asked them about Pica in pregnancy, and they confirmed that it is a real phenomenon, and that hormonal changes are likely the root cause. I did not develop Pica in either of my pregnancies (I craved ice but that was due to anemia), but I can absolutely 100% confirm that pregnancy hormones are powerful.",
"When I was pregnant, I really wanted to eat paint. It looked so creamy and delicious. I also wanted some nice, loamy potting soil. I know those cravings meant I needed some nutrient, but I don't know what paint and dirt represented. ",
"she probably has a minor vitamin or mineral deficiency due to the baby that's taking some of the nutrients she's consuming. This is actually classified as an eating disorder and known as pica- a craving for non-food substance for consumption. I'd suggest she ask her GP for a blood test and take a pre-natal multi vitamin. Good luck!",
"I had this experience with my two kids. The first pregnancy, I craved those smelly permanent markers and pine sol. The cravings were really strong. \n\nBy the time the second child came along, I had read an article about b-12 deficiency and pica and began wondering if that was the issue. When the symptoms emerged halfway through the second trimester, I asked the doctor to run some tests and indeed the b-12 levels were slightly low. I asked her to give me a b-12 shot and the symptoms subsided. I'm not sure if this is the issue with your wife, but I would consider getting sublingual b-12 supplements to see if it helps. ",
"My wife wanted to eat new car tires. Would make her salivate. After the pregnancy this weird infatuation with the smell of tires has stuck with her. Searching some pregnancy forums apparently this rubber fetish is not uncommon. \n\nWhile preggers she wanted to order a small bike tire to keep under the bed that she could take out and smell. It was at that point I realized pregnant women actually are completely insane.",
"Getting pregnant is like you become a whole new creature that has thrown away societal norms and determined that speared-pickles, covered in chocolate are a delicacy and hot-dogs with jelly on top is something straight from Willy Wonka's chocolate factory. I'm a woman and watching all of my friends and sisters go through pregnancy was horrifying and that's not even including the emotional train wreck that they become. No womb-goblins for me, I'll be sticking to my fur babies. ",
"A friend of mine had the most insane cravings for fresh dirt. She spent all summer gardening and sniffing to her hearts desire. \n\nOne day she was sitting in the dirt, sniffing away, and tried to be sneaky and brought a handful to her mouth and licked it. Her husband was watching from across the yard and started freaking out, asking her what she was doing and such. She got the giggles and peed her pants, which didn't help solidify her sanity. \n\nPregnancy is fun. ",
"Ah. I remember asking for chicken and rice. I meant \"boiled chicken and white rice\"\nMy executive chef husband made some chicken sausage and some rice dish. Which, not pregnant would have been just fine. \nI remember starting to smell it. I cried. He put it on the back door and asked \"what do you want me to do. Just tell me what you want. I'm so confused\" he looked so scared. \nI remember eating the chicken and rice the next day cold. The smell has subsided. So delicious. \nThe look in his eyes said fuck you\n\nBut he didn't dare say it. ",
"I craved the smell of Pine-Sol when I was pregnant. Even made my own spray cleaner so I could clean everything with it so I could smell it everywhere.\n",
"It's called \"pica\", and it's not uncommon in pregnancy. While there's not a whole lot of research on the subject, it is widely believed to be caused by a mineral deficiency. The usual advice is to bring it up with the physician and get a blood test.",
"My wife craved Jack Daniels throughout her pregnancy. She doesn't drink. After our daughter was born we received 5 bottles of Jack as gifts. She had one drink and was over it. I helped with the rest of it.",
"This comment has been overwritten by an open source script to protect this user & apos;s privacy. \n\n If you would like to do the same, add the browser extension [GreaseMonkey](_URL_0_) to Firefox and add [this open source script](_URL_1_). \n\n Then simply click on your username on Reddit, go to the comments tab, and hit the new OVERWRITE button at the top.",
"The term for it is called \"Pica\". Essentially it is due to the hormonal surge and difference from having a tiny human inside of you. Thus, she's satisfying her cravings according to her different normal needs. Some women eat dirt, lint, laundry detergent, it's quite common.",
"They develop temporary Pica, for some reason. My wife ate Irish Springs soap while showering. That was her craving.",
"To be clear: pica is the persistent craving and compulsive eating of non-food substances. Cravings for foods that seem odd do not constitute pica. ",
"Your wife probably needs more iron. Beef liver is one of the best nutritional sources. Having citrus fruit/juice at the same meal as the high iron food increases absorption. \nblah blah, this isn't medical advice, she should talk with her own physician and try to meet with a registered dietician to review her nutritional intake and needs.",
"My girlfriend told me she craved orange. The color and the fruit. She would eat orange after orange while drinking orange juice and just look at the color and think it was the most beautiful thing she'd ever seen.",
"i really can't believe i'm posting [this](_URL_0_), but some of the responses in here are just awful. no, he didn't \"stick his dick in crazy, like /u/AudiHoosey suggests...i really can't believe the level of retard in this thread ",
"I've read it can be from certain mineral deficiencies. But I assume it could be just \"cuz\". My SO is currently 8 months pregnant and has some weird thing with wanting to smell the most dusty dust possible. Everytime a big gust of wind hurls earth particles at us on the highway she starts screaming at me to roll the windows down. Shits weird. ",
"Your wife is a praying mantis, she really wants to eat you, so she keeps the substance that makes you smell the best close. This is so that she may be tempted by the flavour of the sauce.",
"Pica. When I was pregnant with my youngest, my irresistible desire was the smell of Payless shoe stores. I went during my lunch hour looking so forward to sitting in the store the entire time. When I got there I realized that the mall diluted the smell and cried all the way back to my house. I was devastated for days until I tracked down a standalone store. Pregnancy is weird.\n",
"Keeps a cup of bath bubbles that smell like your body wash (YOU)... sounds like she is craving something besides food. Rock that shit.",
"**A metric F-ton of bad advice in this thread**\n\nThat sounds like pica, your wife likely has an iron deficiency. Take her in for blood work, could also be a sign of other issues. ",
"My ex craved shrimp when she was pregnant with my daughter. This wouldn't be an issue if it wasn't that she was allergic to shellfish.",
"When I was pregnant, the smell of cleaning products really hit the spot. I didn't want to eat it but the smell was amazing. My favorite was the dawn soap that comes in the silver bottle."
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1byxeg
|
why do most rappers have several names they refer to themselves as?
|
The more I've listened to tap music, I realized there are several rappers that refer to themselves as different banes. Why is this?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1byxeg/why_do_most_rappers_have_several_names_they_refer/
|
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"text": [
"rappers change groups and thus change \"band\" names. Remember when Fergie was part of the Black Eyed Peas and not Fergie? It's like that but generally more talented.",
"Many rappers see themselves as actors, playing characters that perform raps as an art form. These characters sometimes reflect different parts of their personality. \n\nEminem is a (Very) well known example. Throughout his early works, he raps using three different personas; Eminem, Slim Shady, and Marshall Mathers. For example, \"The Real Slim Shady\" is done by Slim Shady, while \"Marshall Mathers\" was done by Marshall Mathers, while \"The Way I Am\" was done by Eminem. **This is a way for the same musical artist to produce rap music in a variety of styles over a short period of time without compromising his (or her) core values as an artist.** Back to the Eminem example, his persona early in his career was to be sadistic, drug addicted, and machoistic; while he also was also painfully self-aware, lyrically gifted, and emotional and relatable to a suburban audience. By acting as different characters throughout his albums, he was able to achieve both.\n\neditt: for bolding",
"They tell stories from different personas and thus are not as infringed when saying controversial or false lyrics. For example Eminem has his slim shady alter-ego that dwells into grim scenarios and psychopathy, yet it is fully understood that he is only doing so in artistic fashion. Where as someone like Rick Ross (even though his entire character is based on someone else) comes under heavy fire for shocking lyrics because he has no established alter ego. \n Also some just pickup nick names as they go along in the game, like drizzy, drizzy drake rogers, etc. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
2ipd78
|
california carbon market
|
Please explain, very basically, the policy for the cap-and-trade carbon market that exists in California.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ipd78/eli5_california_carbon_market/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cl47onv"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Essentially the California Air Resources Board (Part of Cal EPA) sets a limit on carbon emissions. Lets say 100 for the whole state. Coal power plant produces 10 carbon and gets a permit from the Cal EPA to produce 10 carbon this year. During the year, the Coal Plant adds Solar to its site and does not need to run the coal plant as long, therby only producing 5 carbon.\n\nSince the plant has a permit for 10 carbon, and is only using 5 of it, the plant can sell the remaining carbon to another green house emission facility for $$$.\n\nSo now we have a manufacturing plant producing 5 carbon that cannot get a permit from the EPA. They can buy the power plant's 5 carbon, continue operating, and emissions stay the same over the year.\n\nAs time goes on, the level of emissions allowed decreases, the 100 goes to 90 to 80 to 50 etc (i think it is 3% per year). This decreases the allowable green house gas emissions over time and rewards companies with $$$ on the market for decreasing their emissions while increasing costs for companies that have emissions."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
8t1x8p
|
would a car in motion have more, less, or the same amount of raindrops hit it vs. a car not in motion?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8t1x8p/eli5_would_a_car_in_motion_have_more_less_or_the/
|
{
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"e1408gh",
"e140wmi"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"i know this isn’t a direct answer to your question BUT i believe the myth busters actually tested this. try giving it a google ",
"I saw a video once where they tested this on someone walking under the rain, walking VS running over the same distance. \n\nThe runner absorbed significantly more water. I'd say it'b the same in the context of cars "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
5204zf
|
what do different axles do?
|
Hey guys! Just wondering the differences in axles (specifically in off-roading.) Like- Dana 50 vs Dana 60. What exactly the difference, and why and when is it needed. Thanks in advance!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5204zf/eli5what_do_different_axles_do/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d7gb11o"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I can't give exact specifics, but the higher number you go in the Dana brand axles, typically the bigger the parts get. Bigger parts normally mean stronger parts. As for when they are needed, if you put a v8 in your wrangler, you're going to be prone to breaking axle parts as the smaller axles weren't designed to handle that much power. Also bigger tires can also put a strain on things and cause axle shafts to break. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
6562ll
|
how does more viewers or viewers in general(in tv , youtube) convert into money
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6562ll/eli5_how_does_more_viewers_or_viewers_in/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dg7osy7",
"dg7pjgl"
],
"score": [
6,
2
],
"text": [
"Advertising. Companies will pay other companies to put their products in front of your eyes. more eyes = more money.",
"TV is actually a child of advertisement! Early shows used to have sponsors within the show itself. TV shows used to be designed a as a vehicle for spreading advertisements to more common folk who couldn't go to the cinema. Advertisers also found TV to be more profitable than it's cinema counterpart, especially during the genesis of the American suburb. Nowadays in the case of online streaming. Advertisers will pay per viewer. \n\n\nFun fact! In early radio drama advertisers would have commerical breaks in the middle of the shows, and in most cases directly implemented into the narrative. \n\nSource: film, theatre, media /culture student! "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
caij2e
|
how did an orbit form in the first place? what gave the planets enough speed so that it did'nt crash to the sun?
|
I know that the sun gravity gave them the acceleration, but as far as i know those planets had to have a certain trajectory away from the sun so that its gravity does'nt pull it crashing straight toward the sun.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/caij2e/eli5_how_did_an_orbit_form_in_the_first_place/
|
{
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"et8ybun",
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"text": [
"Actually the orbits came first before the sun.\n\nIt all started out as large cloud of dust and matter and gasses that got attracted to another thanks to gravity. This getting pulled together ended up giving the whole thing a spin and it formed a disk that flattened out. Most of the matter needed up forming the sun in the center of that disk but some of the larger clumps in the rotating disk ended up pulling together into smaller objects like planets.\n\nThe planets formed in the orbit they are now (or at least close to) because the stuff they are made of orbited the centre where the sun came into existence already before either the sun or the planets were a thing.",
"Our solar system was made out of a giant cloud of matter. This cloud was really big, as in light years across. This cloud had a certain angular momentum - something all things big lumps of matter seem to have. Now, due to gravity, this cloud started to collapse in on itself - becoming smaller but more dense. There is something called \"conservation of angular momentum\", which means the total angular momentum stays the same. A common example is a figure skater spinning around with her arms out - when she then pulls her arms in, she starts to spin much faster. This same thing happened to the cloud - it's angular momentum had to stay the same, so when it became smaller it also started to rotate faster.\n\nNow, another concept to understand is the centrifugal force. It means when something rotates, it tries to throw things outwards. Like if you spin around with a big dress on, it starts to kind of go up, like some force is pulling it outwards.\n\nConnecting this, you know have a giant cloud that gets smaller and smaller, thus spin faster and faster, and due to that the centrifugal force becomes stronger and stronger.\n\nStuff kept getting more dense, in the centre a star formed, near it rock planets (like Earth), further away gas planet and even further away ice planets. Now those were all made from the cloud as well, so they still have their rotation going on. This rotation tries to pull them away from the sun due to the centrifugal force while the sun tries to pull them back in due to gravity. They are in a stable orbit where these two things equal so the planets neither spiral closer or further away from the sun.\n\nSo it all comes from the clouds original momentum This also explain why all planets orbit in the same direction.",
"The entire solar system (the sun, all the planets, all the asteroids, moons, etc.) formed from one enormous cloud of gas and dust. Over eons, the cloud began to collapse in on itself due to gravitational attraction. Collapsing gaseous bodies tend to rotate as they collapse, and like a skater who pulls her arms in while spinning, the more the cloud collapses, the faster it spins (called conservation of angular momentum). In addition to speeding up the rotation of the entire cloud, the spin tends to flatten it into a disc. The cloud doesn't collapse evenly - different parts clump at different rates, and these different parts formed the sun (the largest part), countless rocky bodies closer in, and larger gaseous bodies further out. The energy from the collapse (due to gravitational attraction) provides the initial energy to start the various rocky and gaseous bodies spinning around the center. As these various rocky and gaseous bodies grew larger by attracting nearby rocks, dust and gas, they grew lager and larger, eventually forming the planets. But since they were formed from all these already revolving objects, they just continued to revolve around the newly formed sun as they grew larger and larger. For the most part, these bodies settled into generally stable orbits and are still in them today.\n\ntl;dr - the planets' orbits \"existed\" even before the planets did - the dust and gas that eventually formed the planets was already orbiting the center mass (which became the sun) of a proto-planetary disc before the planets themselves were formed. These orbits were preserved as the planets grew larger and larger.",
"One way to think of it is, the stuff that would have turned into planets that eventually crashed into the sun just crashed into the sun before turning into a planet. All you're going to see today are the planetary material that did have the appropriate velocity to maintain an orbit."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
5cxkf6
|
how much does the secret security do?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5cxkf6/eli5_how_much_does_the_secret_security_do/
|
{
"a_id": [
"da05aiq"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"They are the secret service, and people often are threatening the president, almost all of them are not serious, but they investigate either way. They also run all of the security for the first family, as well as the vice president and other top officials and visiting dignitaries. They also investigate financial crimes, such as counterfitting "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
5fk1af
|
how does temperature hurt our body through vibrations?
|
I'm asking how vibrations affect our bodies directly, not why our bodies sweat and shiver, if that makes sense.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5fk1af/eli5_how_does_temperature_hurt_our_body_through/
|
{
"a_id": [
"daksu88"
],
"score": [
2
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"text": [
"Ignoring large vibrations (sound waves, explosion pressure waves, etc) since you're talking about temperature....\n\nIt's only barely accurate to say that our bodies are being harmed by vibration in terms of temperature. \n\nWhat's really going on is that certain proteins *denature* or decompose (change shape or break) at certain temperatures. When that happens, your cells start to die or can't perform the actions they need to. This is because proteins do most of the important stuff in your body.\n\nYes, that temperature can be thought of as random molecular vibration, but that's not the important point in this instance."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
didxd8
|
why is a magnet magnetic and what is it made out of? and how can a magnetic field transfer electricity?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/didxd8/eli5_why_is_a_magnet_magnetic_and_what_is_it_made/
|
{
"a_id": [
"f3v90w9"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I like to explain magnetism/orientation with the image of atoms in an iron ball compared to a big mass of humans.\n\nAn iron ball looks like a human crowd on same plaza. All people look into different directions.\n\nA magnetized iron ball looks like the chinese miliraty march: all soldiers look into the same direction.\n\nThis is an oversimplification of the atom orientation inside anything magnetized. The difference for permanent magnets is that their orientation barely gets weaker over time. \n\nWhat does the orientation have to do with it? H2O is a great example, the water molecule. It looks like a triangle: O on top and the two H on the bottom right and left corner each. The bond of electrons that keeps these atoms together in the form of the water molecule makes it so that one side of the molecule has more electrons than the other (top O vs bottom Hs).\n\nThe electromagnetic force I cannot explain though and even am not sure if humans have found a final explanation. We know how it works: negative charges attract positive vharges and vice versa while same charges repell each other.\n\nElectricity is electrons or the energy of electrons flowing. Electrons are negative charge, thus are repelled by negative sides of magnets and pulled toward positive ones. If you had a single electron, you could move it with a magnet. In some material (conductors), the molecules have some electrons that can move somewhat freely, depending on the force you push them with (strength of magnet or voltage). So if you move some conducting material, like a copper wire, along a magnet, you kinda force the electrons to flow and that is the same as electricity. \n\nThe way electricity is made from magnetism is most easily a copper spool where you poke a magnet inside and pull it out again, the simplest image I can give you for this is a golden ring and pushing your finger in and out. The strength of the generated electricity strongly depends on the number of circles the copper wire goes around the spool as well as the strength of the magnet and the speed it is pushed through. \n\nAs you need manual force to push the magnet through the coil and some resistance is to be overcome, you cannot generate \"free energy/electricity\".\n\nAs far as I know, the \"flow of electrons\" is a bit more complex as it is only a simpler image to understand electricity but it always helped to think of it as flow in order to understand.\n\n\nPlease downvote if any of this is incorrect."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
wjpp0
|
the dunning-kruger effect
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/wjpp0/eli5_the_dunningkruger_effect/
|
{
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"c5dx64n",
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36,
2
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"text": [
"The idea is pretty simple.\n\nSome people are smarter than others. That's ok, just like it's ok that some people are taller than others.\n\nPeople who aren't very smart, aren't smart enough to realize that they aren't very smart. So they wind up thinking that they're really smart, but they're really not smart at all.\n\nWhen people try new things, people usually aren't very good at whatever they're trying to do. Smart people realize they're not very good and try to do better. People who aren't smart don't understand that they're not very good, and instead think that they're really really awesome at whatever it is. So they don't try to get better, and they don't get any better either.\n\nThe opposite is also somewhat true - very smart people are often very unsure of themselves, because they are so aware of their own faults - and we all have *many* faults. So really really smart people sometimes have trouble with jobs, money, things like that, because they don't make a decision at all because they're so unsure of themselves.\n\nDunning-Kruger can be summed up in these images:\n\n[1](_URL_1_)\n[2](_URL_0_)\n\n",
"Briefly: one aspect of low-intelligence is that you \"don't know what you don't know.\" More intelligent people \"*do* know what they don't know.\"\n\nExample: A layperson who hasn't given \"science\" a second thought beyond middle school biology might be 100% convinced that global warming is a hoax. Meanwhile, someone who has gone to university to study climatology is only 80% sure that global warming *is* real and human-caused, and their opinions are much more complex and nuanced, with more caveats. The climate scientist \"knows what he doesn't know,\" ie., missing data, more analysis needed, too many assumptions made, and therefore has less *conviction* than the average dude who cries \"HOAX!\""
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://i.imgur.com/QL80u.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/VMHAu"
],
[]
] |
||
zbioz
|
the difference between ram memory and hard drive memory and what is the processor in a computer.
|
All I know is that the higher the number, the better it works...and that's probably not even true.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/zbioz/eli5_the_difference_between_ram_memory_and_hard/
|
{
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"text": [
"Imagine that your toilet is clogged, so you call the plumber. \nOn his belt, he has tools that he plans to use for your job- that's RAM, where temporary information is held because it could be accessed quickly. At the \n End of the job, he will probably take his belt off. RAM is volatile, meaning it goes away when you turn off your computer.\nIn his truck, he has things that he may need later- that's your hard drive, where information is stored more permanently, and will remain even when the computer is turned off.\nThe plumber is your processor- he actually does the work and knows how to control the tools, just like your processor sends processes instructions and controls the computer.\nIt's not necessarily the case that higher is better, but generally speaking, the more RAM, hard drive space ant the faster the processor, the better off you are.",
"In a computer the memory contains the instructions and the data that are processed by the procesor. The processor is the 'brain' of the computer it is where the actual computing happens.\n\nTo actually do anything the computer needs a programm, a list of nstructions it needs to work on like a recipee: \"first do this, then do that, then do that other thing until something happens, finally if this do that or else start over.\" The computer has these instructions in its memory. It also uses the memory for the data it does the work on.\n\nOne type of memory is the RAM that your computer has. RAM-memory is really fast compared to for example a hard drive, one downside is that it is more expensive and you thus usually have far less of it. The most important downside of RAM however is that it only works when the power is on. \n\nIf you turn of your computer everything in the RAM gets lost!\n\nIt would be really inconvenient if you lost all your programs and all your files everytime you turned of your computer. This is where persistent mass storage like hard drives comes in. It is where you can store stuff you want to keep even if you turn your computer off. \n\nSince the hard drive has so much more space than your RAM (often it is hundreds or even thousand times larger) you can store all kinds of stuff on it that you don't currently need. Like programs you are not using or data you aren't currently working on.\n\nYou can even if you run out of RAM tempraraily swap some of the stuff in the RAM to your harddisk. This allows you to work your computer as if you had much more RAM than you actually have. The downside to swaping RAM memory to disk is that hdds are much, much slower than RAM.\n\nHaving too little RAM and needing to swap RAM to disk a lot is one of the things that is most likely to slow down your computer. So you are correct the larger the RAM memory the better it works.\n\nLarger hard disk are needed only if you have stuff to put on them (like games or pirated movies.) The computer won't run faster by having a larger hard disk installed."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
3df7j8
|
how does real "zoom and enhance" work?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3df7j8/eli5_how_does_real_zoom_and_enhance_work/
|
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"text": [
"It doesn't. Any kind of \"enhancement\" is basically a computer algorithm doing guesswork. You aren't gonna get a license plate number or anything of the sort if it wasn't clear in the original picture.",
"It's usually just removing blurryness. For example if you have a blurry image [like this](_URL_1_), it's obvious that there are supposed to be two colors, and the line between them got smudged. Instead of having a clean divide, the pixels on both sides of the border got a bit of color from the other side. It's simple enough for the enhancing software to figure this out and correct it, making the line between the colors [sharp again.](_URL_0_)\n\nThe difficult part is when there's many different shapes in it, and the software can get overzealous, covering up small things. So they have to be fine tuned, but that's the basics.",
"There are algorithms to detect the edges of objects by comparing pixels to their neighboring pixels. Then you can change the pixel values to make a starker contrast and as a result the edge is easier to see.\n\nThere are also algorithms to take 'noisy' images and try to replace the noise with what the color should be, clarifying the picture.\n\nAlso, algorithms to join broken lines, smooth out contours, etc. Using these, you can turn a somewhat messy image into a somewhat clearer output image. Although, it doesn't work as well as the movies where they turn a 16x16 resolution image into a 512x512 resolution image with fine details.\n\nThese algorithms are a little complicated for an ELI5 answer but if you are interested then we can go into more detail.",
"Think of it like this. When you see some pixel art, you can understand what's going on... The message is being persieved. If there is a dog under a tree but all drawn in pixels, you know that there is a dog under a tree. \n\nAll enhancing is, is having the computer do some guess work. The computer knows that there is a dog and tree looking thing, and knows how dogs and trees look. So using its best judgement, it will literally add more pixels until the quality is better.\n\nSo, for instance, you have a license plate with some letters written on it. The computer will try to read them, then visually add some pixels to show what the computer thinks it is.",
"From still images, it's very difficult, and the other posters have outlined the limited techniques. \n\n**However, from *moving* images** this is actually possible, and I've seen some remarkable demos, which are very much like you would see in CSI.\n\n\nEssentially, when you have a single picture, you only have one image to get information from. If all the information you need isn't in that image, you're simply not going to know what it is. End of story. \n\nSay it's a number place in the distance. If it's blurry, it's blurry. You may be able to sharpen the blur a bit, but it's difficult to pick out meaningful detail. You end up with a sharper, more pixelated, smudge.\n\n\nBut when you're dealing with a moving object in video, things are different.\n\nSay you're looking at a car's number plate driving away from a CCTV camera, Here, you don't just have one snapshot, you have potentially hundreds of images - one for each frame of video. \n\nEven if the number plate is just a blur in each individual frame, the important thing is that the blur in each frame *looks slightly different*. \n\nIf you analyse all the differences and similarities between the blur in each frame you can figure out what the number plate was. \n\nThere is computer software where you can load in a piece of blurry video footage, and point out where the number plate is, it automatically tracks it as it moves through the video, and produces a high resolution snapshot of the number plate for you.\n\n\n**At an extremely ELI5 level, you can use this very simplified analogy:**\n\nSplay your fingers, and place them over the computer keyboard in front of you. Now imagine taking a photograph of that. No matter what you do, you simply are never going to tell what some of the letters are by looking at the photo, are you?\n\nNow: Splay your fingers, place them over the keyboard, and slowly pull the keyboard to the right. Imagine making a video of this. At any given point in the video, many of the keys will be obscured. However, the key is that each key will be visible *at some point* in the video, won't it? So by combining each part of the video, you can work out an image of what all the keys on the keyboard are.\n\n(The maths involved in extracting information isn't that simple, but conceptually this is the general principle).\n\nHere's a demonstration/tutorial for a military/law enforcement grade enhancement tool, by the developer: _URL_0_\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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"http://printableletters.org/letter-q/lowercase-printable-letter-q.jpg",
"http://taypo.com/bad.png"
],
[],
[],
[
"https://vimeo.com/20658652"
]
] |
||
5srjr9
|
if i send a heater into space and turn it on, where does the energy form the heater go?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5srjr9/eli5_if_i_send_a_heater_into_space_and_turn_it_on/
|
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"text": [
"It goes into space as infrared radiation - which is just another term for light that's below the red end of thr visible spectrum. ",
"Without air the only effective way to transfer heat is [radiative heat](_URL_0_). If you've ever sat close to a campfire and noticed it felt distinctly cooler when you blocked the light with your hand, that's radiative heat transfer.",
"Where does the heat from the sun go?\n\nYou know where. It radiates into space until it hits something (a planet, Dyson sphere etc) and there it is absorbed.\n\nMost of it never hits anything. Ever. \n\nEDIT: Even our own atmosphere seems to be pretty transparent to the radiation being emitted by the sun. The air around you is warm because it is heated by the earth and oceans, which have absorbed the sun's radiation. That's why it gets colder when you go higher.\n\nIf you put something black outside of our atmosphere, it will get hot real quick in direct sunlight. \n\nThe hard vacuum of space has very few atoms. I know that technically they can be moving very fast and so have a \"temperature\", but does that come from being heated by sunlight? I doubt it. \n",
"As heat is radiated into space you deal with something called entropy. This is the 2nd law of thermodynamics, and it states roughly that all energy seeks to be equal. As the heat is released it will travel until it hits something, or is just lost due to decay. It's just like water, it wants to everywhere at once, and so will dissipate infinitely trying to do so. The interesting thing is in space you're in a vacuum so there is no medium to carry the heat as on Earth where we are surrounded by a fluid, air. So heat just kind of blasts out like being emitted by a flashlight. Being so it can be blocked and absorbed as light is. Before anybody flames me, yes I understand heat is elctromagnetic light, but 5 year olds won't get that.",
"In addition to the other answers, I'm sure that a lot of the heat would be absorbed by the heater itself, causing it to very quickly overheat and stop working or even melt.\n\nWell, [assuming \"stops working\" is allowed](_URL_0_) :)",
"Some of it is emitted into space as radiation. The rest is absorbed by the heater itself, which eventually overheats and stops working.\n\nGetting rid of heat in space is actually quite tricky. The ISS has to have huge external radiators to help it more efficiently get rid of excess heat. Without those, the station would quickly overheat.",
"Electromagnetic waves don't require an atmosphere to travel, therefore the energy will behave pretty much like it does anywhere else."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_radiation"
],
[],
[],
[
"https://what-if.xkcd.com/35/"
],
[],
[]
] |
||
3s65n0
|
how does movie revenue work, does the studio pay to "rent" the cinema screen, or does the cinema "rent" the movie from the studio?
|
How does movie revenue work, does the studio pay to "rent" the cinema screen, or does the cinema "rent" the movie from the studio?
Also -- if the cinema "rents" it from the studio, do they pay a fee based on the number of times they show it, or can they show it as many times as they want?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3s65n0/eli5_how_does_movie_revenue_work_does_the_studio/
|
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"The cinema sort of \"rents\" the actual film. They pay the distributor a decent chunk of the ticket revenue, which means that the theater only wants to keep the movie playing as long as it turns a good profit. ",
"The movie theater rents the movies from the studio for a set amount.\n\nThe theater then pays the studio a percent of the tickets sold, but the majority of the ticket sales are given to the studio. Movie theaters keep a tight tab on tickets sold to: adults, seniors and children to give accurate estimates on who sees which movie.\n\nThe majority of money made by movie theaters is made in the sale of food, candy and drinks.\n\nSource: I worked at a movie theater",
"Please note, this is why you'll see some movies not being shown at smaller theaters until a later date. The rental rate is pro-rated by the release date. This is why you'll see the cheap theaters showing movies about to be released on Blu-ray for $1 or $2 admission fees, as the rental price has dropped to about 12-20% admission rate. They make all of their money through concessions."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
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|
3596ek
|
why are bottled water companies allowed to lie about the source of their water?
|
I'm pretty sure this water is not taken from a deep-sea dive near glaciers to get the freshness straight from the source.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3596ek/eli5_why_are_bottled_water_companies_allowed_to/
|
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"text": [
"If you actually look it up, the FDA only has like 2 people regulating bottled water. For a very long time they only had one person spend half of their time doing this until a series of documentaries investigated them and they increased monitoring slightly",
"Slightly off topic but in Australia recently they had to stop several different brands of water from claiming they were [organic](_URL_0_)\n\n\nApparently claiming there is some \"organic\" way to make two hydrogen molecules and one oxygen molecule better than another wasn't quite being honest",
"Technically speaking, they don't.\n\nNot only are there disclaimers on the bottle, but at most they say stuff like \"From a glacier\" \"From a mountain top\" \"from freshwater springs\". Technically speaking the water does at some point most likely come from those places."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/accc-negotiates-removal-of-misleading-%E2%80%98organic%E2%80%99-water-claims"
],
[]
] |
|
2ae4l6
|
how are google's self-driving cars apparently so reliable with real-time response when all computers seem to suffer slowdowns and freezes?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ae4l6/eli5_how_are_googles_selfdriving_cars_apparently/
|
{
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"text": [
"Because its not a computer as you think it is, its a purpose built chipset for one specific thing: drive the car. it can't do anything more or less then that, thus it has no real way to have anything go wrong that would cause an error since it really can't do much",
"Personal computers only slow down and freeze because they are designed to try to do whatever you command them to do, even if such tasks are beyond their ability to do quickly. That means they sometimes get overloaded.\n\nThere are many, many computers in embedded control systems that run for years without so much as a hiccup. By strictly limiting the functions that a computer is required to perform, and evaluating the worst-case amount of time those functions could take, engineers can ensure that the computer is never overwhelmed.",
"Personal computers have a lot of tasks it can do. It can constantly switch between them seamlessly and run them seemingly at the same time (and nowadays literally via multiple CPUs). So all these programs running at the same time consistently with lots of switching to and from means lots more chances for things to blow up or slow down.\n\nEmbedded devices (devices with very few tasks designed for speed and reliability) however don't suffer from as many problems with the trade off of only doing one or few task really well. Which is fine so long as what you need isn't extremely multifaceted, i.e. PCs."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
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[],
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||
461uiq
|
lots of stuff in the press today about a breakthrough in cancer treatment. eli5 please anyone?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/461uiq/eli5_lots_of_stuff_in_the_press_today_about_a/
|
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"Can you please link one of the articles you're talking about? I can't find much on german news. With a link, I can access scientific databases and give you an explanation.",
"Our T cells are immune cells that react to certain molecules on the surface of other cells. For example, they know what the surface of bacteria looks like, so they bind to it and kill it. Now, cancer cells are cells of our own body. So the T cells just think they are normal part of our body, and do not fight the cancer. \nThe scientists found a way to teach T cells how a certain type of cancer cells looks. They want to make the T cells kill the cancer cells like the cancer was a sort of infection.\n\nThe risk is: messing with the immune system is a dangerous thing, because if it goes wrong, the body starts attacking itself. ",
"Okay so - this is essentially taking parts of the patients immune system (T-Cells) and teaching it how to recognise specific aspects of a cancer cell so that it will attack that cancer cell. Your immune system's T-Cells work by using special proteins called receptors which \"sense\" other cells to work out if they need to be destroyed or left alone. In cancer something goes wrong and this system is out of check. However, there are certain proteins on specific types of cancer cells that we can \"teach\" these T-cells that we harvest from the patients to sense and therefore attack. We do this by engineering specific receptors onto these T-Cells, which is why they are called \"CAR-T\" (Chimeric Antigen receptor T-Cells). We then put these back into the patient and they have an immune response to the cancer cells. \n\nThis is very exciting in liquid tumours (leukemia, lymphomas etc) but we are struggling to translate this into solid tumours (lung, stomach, kidney, brain cancers etc). \n\nIn fact cancer immunotherapy is a very old concept (dating back over a 100 years), however only in recent times have we started to understand how to make it work. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
1q3e9r
|
when i eat a thick steak, or leg roast or other large cut where are all the blood vessels?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1q3e9r/eli5when_i_eat_a_thick_steak_or_leg_roast_or/
|
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"text": [
"A big cut of meat comes from a large muscle. Big blood vessels (running to parts of the body other than that muscle) generally don't run through muscles (flexing the muscle would dramatically increase blood pressure), just the blood vessels that supply blood to that muscle (and the butcher cuts any exterior vessels off during the butchering process). The ones that feed that muscle are in there (you'll occasionally see the main one on certain cuts) the smaller ones (like capilaries) aren't really very obvious. \n\nEdit: Some rib steaks have a decently sized blood vessel. You might notice it when eating prime rib. ",
"blood vessels don't usually run through meat, and a butcher will remove most big vessels. \nYou can usually see some of the larger ones in a chicken though. Like in the leg or near the breast.",
"They are there. You just have to remember that they are floppy tubes rather than solid pipes, and so tend to flatten out and collapse when not pressurised. Since most people get boneless cuts of beef, the bigger ones have been removed, but I like bone-in cuts, so I see them quite a lot. Nerves, too.",
"\nBlood vessels run between separate muscles not inside the muscles. The veins run close to the skin and will be removed with the skin and upper layers of tissue. \n\nOccasionally you will see part of one in a whole roast or a country ham though. But by then the blood is gone and they look about the same color as the fat so you don't notice them. ",
"go to a grocery store and get yourself a flank steak. youll see them",
"When an animal is harvested all the blood is drained which aids in the process of turning muscle to meat and after the blood is removed most of the smaller vessels collapse and are harder to see unless you pick through the meat. Blood vessels also only run in between the individual muscles and between the skin and muscle surface. Cuts composers of several muscles (stew meat is normally neck muscles, where there are several groups of muscles) have visible vessels. "
]
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||
1hbfik
|
isn't european rugby pretty much like american football without pads? how is that safe?
|
My little sister absolutely loves rugby players and she finally showed me a video of a rugby game.
Those guys are undeniably fit but damn I feel like they need to be wearing protective pads. They're slamming full speed onto each other!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1hbfik/eli5_isnt_european_rugby_pretty_much_like/
|
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"You are right it is dangerous, but the difference is it is continuous action so there is a lot of closer impact and not a \"set go\" impact like our game. Also because it rarely stops the hits get less intense as the game goes on, but i'm making excuses your right it is dangerous. ",
"Two things:\n\n1. Players without pads aren't going to play as recklessly as players with pads. Football players launch themselves head-first at other players because they know that their helmet will protect them. Rugby players don't have pads, so they won't endanger themselves as much to make a big hit.\n\n2. Rugby is a continuous game, while football is not. In football, if you make a big hit the play is over so it's ok if you sacrifice your body. In rugby, if the guy pitches the ball you need to get right back up and keep playing so there is less incentive to go for big hits.",
"Rugby is not as dangerous as football for a few reasons:\n\nFirstly, tackling is a lot more controlled. Unlike football, you can't launch yourself like a missile towards someone. To perform a legal tackle, you must stay on your feet and wrap the person up with your arms. Therefore, a rugby tackle is more like a wrestling takedown than a full speed body check.\n\nSecondly, tackling must be done below the shoulder level; the head is completely out of bounds. As a result, head injuries are significantly lower in rugby.\n\nThirdly, unlike football, you can only hit people with the ball or those directly opposed to you (in a ruck for example). So, when you have the ball in hand, you expect to get hit, therefore you position yourself to receive the impact. In football, it is not uncommon to get a good smack from behind or when you don't expect it. This doesn't happen all too often in rugby.\n\nFourthly, rugby is not a game of inches like football. Football players will sacrifice themselves to make or stop that last inch separating a first and forth down. In rugby, it is not the end of the world if the attacker takes an extra step and so the players don't kill themselves over it.\n\nEDIT:\nFinally, pads offer a false sense of security. With pads on, a player might feel invincible, which they aren't. They are more willing to make dangerous maneuvers. A rugby without pads is fully aware of his limitations and plays within them.",
"All I know is New Zealanders will be awfully pissed for calling it european.",
"There's an argument to be made that wearing pads and helmets is less safe. It dehumanises the opposition and gives the player a sense of invincibility. There have been studies on this phenomenon recently as well as anecdotal evidence from interviews with players. I'm on my phone so can't link at the moment to them, but the freakonomics podcast did an episode about this a while back, it's a good starting point. \n\nBeyond that, there are injuries in rugby, a lot of them. However, they tend to be quite different to those in American football. The biggest issue in football is repeated concussive blows to the head. This is less of an issue in rugby as tackles have to be made with the arms - shoulder charges aren't allowed. Additionally, if a player is lifted in a tackle, it's the defender's responsibility to return them to the ground safely. There are many such rules meant to ensure player's safety. \n\nThe one area of rugby that's inherently dangerous is the scrum, in particular for the front row. The IRB have repeatedly changed the law in this area to try and make it safer, arguably to the detriment of the game. The biggest change, which has been in place for a few years, was making the front roe positions reserved positions so that you have to be registered in that position in order to play there, else the game reverts to non-competing scrums. It's a very technical position that involves a lot of specialist training. That's actually something that helps rugby be safer, these are really the only specialist positions (and even now they are becoming more general, with open field play considered to be a major part of the game even for a front rower) and every player has to be fit enough to run nearly constantly for 80 minutes. This makes it difficult to have the massive powerhouses you get in other sports that involve regular breaks. "
]
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|
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|
3ltoub
|
why don't snack food manufacturers fortify their products with vitamins the way cereal manufacturers do.
|
Cheetos and Lucky Charms are both just a crunchy cooked slurry of processed corn, the only difference is that one is covered in cheese and salt while the other is covered in sugar and added vitamins and minerals. Why don't crackers, chips, and other salty snacks come fortified with the same "good" stuff that breakfast cereals do?
Is it just a marketing and customer preference thing (i.e. people demand "healthy" breakfast cereals, but don't care about their snacks) or is there more to it?
I can't be the only one who wants to justify eating a bag of Dorritos for breakfast...
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ltoub/eli5_why_dont_snack_food_manufacturers_fortify/
|
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"text": [
"Just guessing, but I think adding vitamins would alter the flavor. And perhaps increase the cost.",
"Probably just a marketing thing, breakfast is a staple meal and supposed to set you up for the rest of the day so the perception of being healthy would be important to many people. Snack foods are bonus foods eaten out of mealtimes and rather than try to be part of a healthy diet marketing seems to focus on lessening the guilt associated with eating them.\n\nIn my country some snack foods try to sounds healthy for example:\nArnotts shapes are \"Baked not fried\" the fact that it is just a paste of processed flour, vegetable oil, salt and flavouring that is \"Baked not fried\" isn't promoted. Also grainwaves are promoted as being \"60% whole grain\" but are also high in salt and probably vegetable oil, I haven't actually checked.\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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|
47cm3j
|
what happened to the soviet venus probes after they landed?
|
I know that some of them were able to take pictures and maps of the surface and radio them back to Earth, but what happened after that? Would they have melted due to the heat or disfigured because of the pressure? Are they still there in the form they landed as? Of course this would all be speculation, I'm just curious. Thank you!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/47cm3j/eli5_what_happened_to_the_soviet_venus_probes/
|
{
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"d0bwsuj"
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"text": [
" > Are they still there in the form they landed as? \n\nConsidering the surface temperature is some 400+ degrees Celsius, hot enough to *melt* lead, and the surface pressure is roughly equivalent to that of a depth of 900m below the ocean surface, no.\n\nOh did I mention the acid rain? There's that too.\n\nVenus just hates everything."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1q06iq
|
why is it so embarrassing to admit publicly that you are wrong?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1q06iq/eli5why_is_it_so_embarrassing_to_admit_publicly/
|
{
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"text": [
"People that get bothered with admitting they are wrong usually don't have the greatest self image. It's considered weak to the prideful to admit defeat.\n\nSome people just fall in love with the idea that they are experts on any topic. Having it thrown back in your face is strange to these folks. They curl up in the face of true adversity. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
10kion
|
how do football fields get painted that result with perfect logos?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/10kion/eli5_how_do_football_fields_get_painted_that/
|
{
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"text": [
"Big stencils:\n\n_URL_0_\n\nThe logo also looks perfect because it's being viewed from a TV camera way up in the stands. If you were down at the grass level, you'd see a lot of rough edges where the spraypaint hit the turf."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpGRb7vjrMw"
]
] |
||
5b0vmd
|
when you download a update for any application, does it make the overall application bigger in size?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5b0vmd/eli5_when_you_download_a_update_for_any/
|
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"text": [
"Not necessarily. The update you download are part of the new application that is added into the existing application. However, sometimes these data are not addition to the application, but replacement of parts that are deemed obsolete, which will be removed in the update process. As such, the update can make the application bigger, smaller, or of the same size depending on the nature of the update. ",
"That depends entirely on the update. Though if it's not performed correctly, it could result in additional temporary files, too. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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||
48qa6m
|
where does the energy released in an atomic or a nuclear blast actually come from? or where is it 'stored' pre-blast?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/48qa6m/eli5_where_does_the_energy_released_in_an_atomic/
|
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"text": [
"In the atoms of uranium themselves. To be exact in the nucleus. when the nucleus gets split, it releases an huge amount of energy.",
"You've seen the formula E=mc^2 right? That means that energy is equal to mass times the speed of light squared. You know that the speed of light is a very large number and is the fastest thing in existence.\n\nNow, there are neutrons and protons packed into the nucleus of an atom. They're so tightly packed that they want to repel each other and explode apart, like strong magnets pushing away from each other. It takes huge amounts of energy to keep these particles stuck together so tightly. This energy is actually stored in the form of mass (in other words, weight). There is so much energy holding them together that the particles actually weigh more glued together than they do separately because it's the extra mass of \"glue\" that holds them together.\n\nWhen a nuclear chain reaction happens, you are breaking apart these nuclei to release the individual protons and neutrons. In doing so, you're releasing the extra mass of the glue that was holding them all together. Although that mass is a tiny amount of mass, when you apply E=mc^2, even a small amount of mass equals a huge amount of energy when you multiply it by the speed of light, twice.\n\nIn other words, the nuclear reaction is splitting apart the nucleus of atoms into their component protons and neutrons, which releases huge amounts of energy, turning mass directly into energy. In doing so, you're still really only liberating a small percentage of the mass/energy inside an atom. If you could convert all the mass in an atom into energy and harness it, you could power entire cities on the mass contained in a few drops of water, for example. Which is why you can power an entire nuclear submarine for 10-20 years on a lump of uranium or plutonium.",
"all mass is made of energy. It just happens that some specific isotopes (different number of neutrons) of certain elements (atoms, different number of protons) are *fissionable*, we can encourage them to undergo nuclear fission. This literally turns some of the mass into energy, and is much more energetic than a simple chemical reaction like ,for example, burning gasoline which just rearranges the atoms without breaking them.",
"The explainations here aren't wrong but they're incomplete. \n\nMost of the energy that comes out of fission is the kinetic energy of the fission fragments. That is, when a neutron splits a nucleus, the two halves fly apart at high speed. These bump into the surrounding material and heat it. There's your thermal effect. The hot material heats the surrounding air and the hot air then expands at the speed of sound (the same process by which lightning creates thunder). There's your blast effect.\n\n[Here's](_URL_0_) an ELI5-ish article that explains all of this which might help you out."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.labkitty.com/2015/07/labkitty-puts-e-in-emc2.html"
]
] |
||
59lnk1
|
what's your body actually doing when you get a cold chill down your spine?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/59lnk1/eli5_whats_your_body_actually_doing_when_you_get/
|
{
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"A large release of different hormones (mainly dopamine, it really depends on the response), and a quick release of adrenaline. \n\n\nIt all depends on whether it's cause by a physical or mental factor.\n\n\nSomeone, please extend this I can't really find anymore on it on Google.",
"When you're specifically asking about the cold chill that runs down your spine, there's only one real answer to it : **Fear**.\n\nThe way you could look at it is that when the body is faced with an intensely threatening situation, whether perceived, such as a cute crush giving you the cold stare for no fault of your own, or real such as hearing a loud scream coming from your closet at night, it sends a lot of information via chemical neurotransmitters to the muscles and adrenal glands.\n\nYour body is now preparing an ancient response, called the **Fight or Flight** response, in order to combat this potentially lethal threat.\n\nThe sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for most of these changes, and their chemical mediators are Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine, and Adrenaline/Epinephrine.\n\nWe'll shorten it to NE and Epi for convenience. Now, part of the sympathetic response is increasing muscle tone, activity and shunting blood to vital organs. This blood shunting is usually one of the first things to happen, because a lot of the blood vessels in your skin are controlled by the sympathetic system.\n\nWhen you become scared, your brain sends a message to your adrenals, two small glands located above your kidneys, but it also freaks out a little and sends messages to all the stations along the way to warn them to get ready. This is a little more of a primal throwback, back to when our ancestors used to be hairy.\n\nThis primal throwback, contracts muscles and stiffens the hairs on your back, which earlier would make you seem larger and more intimidating. Cats do this very well, but don't go scaring cats now just to see.\n\nThis response also causes the blood vessels around your spine to tighten, and going from top to bottom, because less blood traveling to the skin means less warmth, your body immediately picks this sensation up and tells you. This is what you feel as a cold chill.\n\nThe other phenomenons that people describe, like frisson or goosebumps all over, are a slightly different thing, but I'm guessing on a physical level it's a similar process. In heightened emotional states your brain can make the sympathetic system work into overdrive, and that's usually what gives you goosebumps, or the chill, in any case.\n\nTL;DR\n\nThe cold chill that you get is due to blood vessels constricting along your spine, this reduces the amount of blood flowing in the skin, so it briefly gets colder, and that feeling is what gives you a chill.\n\nEdit 1 :\n\n/u/canineheels\n/u/marpro15\n/u/LHBM\n\nThis might answer your question.\n\nIt's also possible that this same phenomenon describes ASMR. Which is something akin to that pleasurable feeling you get when you feel really happy, or when you listen to amazing music or just generally feel on top of the world. This is also reported in drug users, especially psychonauts when they listen to music that they really like.\n\nThe net effect is that it's a very strong emotional trigger, whether it's fear, happiness or awe.\n\n\n_URL_0_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_sensory_meridian_response#The_triggers"
]
] |
||
alpvbw
|
if glucose is the brains main source of energy what happens during a zero-carb diet?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/alpvbw/eli5_if_glucose_is_the_brains_main_source_of/
|
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"Extra glucose is usually stored in your liver, muscles and other cells for later use or is converted to fat. The idea behind the low-carb diet is that decreasing carbs lowers insulin levels, which causes the body to burn stored fat for energy and ultimately leads to weight loss.",
"Your body can make glucose out of other things (i.e. fats and proteins). Basically anything you eat that your body can burn can be processed into glucose if needed.",
"The brain can adapt to use ketone bodies instead of glucose when in a low-carb situation, hence the name \"keto diet\"."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
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|
cgaz03
|
why is a high note and a low note still considered the same note in music?
|
For example, why are a C6 and a C4 both considered to be the note of C? They sound different, so why the repeated naming convention? Can people (without extensive musical training) hear some similarity between the two that indicates they are the same note?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cgaz03/eli5_why_is_a_high_note_and_a_low_note_still/
|
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"text": [
"It is down to physics. The frequency of a given note doubles each time you go up an octave. Picking the note A because the maths is easy, the frequencies in hertz of the A keys of a piano are:\n\n27.5, 55, 110, 220, 440, 880, 1760, 3520\n\nWe perceive this array of frequencies as the same note because they stimulate our senses in very similar ways. Unless listening to a pure tone, instruments will generate different harmonics as well as the fundamental frequency. It is the strength of these harmonics that we perceive as tone.",
"There is a huge spectrum of sound frequencies we can hear but they all fall under a handful of notes to put it simply. Notes in music are represented by the letters A through G. If you start with A and increase the pitch all the way to G, it will sound much higher than A. But what if you want to go higher than that? Well if you did that you would hit A again, which would be the same note as that A played in the beginning but with a higher pitch than any of the notes mentioned in this example so far.\n\nAs a dude, if I wanted to casually sing along with a song that featured particularly high pitched vocals, I would probably take it down an octave in most settings to not sound ridiculous. I would still be hitting the correct notes, just on a different frequency.",
"I don't know if you're tone deaf, but all C notes sound similar, despite being different pitches. In fact, C5 sounds much more like C4 than B5 does, despite B5 being closer in pitch to C4. To normal, non-tone deaf people, they can hear the consonance between all the Cs and the strong dissonance between all Cs and Bs.\n\nThe phenomenon is due to the cyclic nature of pitches: the sound pressure waves move back and forth more synchronously for consonant pitches, and more every-which-way for dissonant pitches.\n\nOne way to visualize why C4 and C6 should be similar is to imagine the notes being positions on a clock, and the increasing octaves being the passing of one day to the next. 12 a.m. on Tuesday is similar to 12 a.m. on Wednesday, but unlike 9 a.m. on Tuesday, despite being on the same day."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
k52f1
|
what is 3d/holophonic sound?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/k52f1/eli5_what_is_3dholophonic_sound/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c2hmrz0",
"c2hmrz0"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Holophonic sound is when sounds are engineered to sound like they surround the listener with only two sources (speakers).\n\nThe principle is you, as a human, can register an approximate location in 3 dimensions with only two ears, so we should be able to trick the ears into thinking it's hearing something from a different location than 2 speakers. \n\nThe best example I've ever heard is [this](_URL_0_)\n\nbe sure to use headphones and close your eyes while listening.\n\nThe side of that site explains it pretty well, but to put it on a ELI5 level, your head has areas of solid (skull), areas of mush (brain & junk), and areas of empty (mouth & nose cavities, sinuses) Because of the specific way the human head has evolved, sound vibrates different parts of your head a specific way which allows you to hear with your whole head, not just your ears.",
"Holophonic sound is when sounds are engineered to sound like they surround the listener with only two sources (speakers).\n\nThe principle is you, as a human, can register an approximate location in 3 dimensions with only two ears, so we should be able to trick the ears into thinking it's hearing something from a different location than 2 speakers. \n\nThe best example I've ever heard is [this](_URL_0_)\n\nbe sure to use headphones and close your eyes while listening.\n\nThe side of that site explains it pretty well, but to put it on a ELI5 level, your head has areas of solid (skull), areas of mush (brain & junk), and areas of empty (mouth & nose cavities, sinuses) Because of the specific way the human head has evolved, sound vibrates different parts of your head a specific way which allows you to hear with your whole head, not just your ears."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://gethighnow.com/holophonic-sound/"
],
[
"http://gethighnow.com/holophonic-sound/"
]
] |
||
7730xy
|
why do very large meteors appear green when streaking across the sky and is it the same reason why the aurora borealis is green?
|
I've seen several videos, GIFs, and I was lucky enough to have seen it in person that when a very bright meteor flies across the sky, it is noticeably green. However, shooting stars are generally seen as white streaks (could be that they are tinted green but aren't large enough to notice).
Is it something in the atmosphere?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7730xy/eli5_why_do_very_large_meteors_appear_green_when/
|
{
"a_id": [
"doin0zu"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I think it has to do with the actual makeup up the meteor it self . Certain gases will burn a different color when entering the atmosphere . "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1kaf2i
|
realistically, what would someone's life be like if he/she were born without sense of touch?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1kaf2i/eli5_realistically_what_would_someones_life_be/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cbmxz3f",
"cbnd2v6"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"There are people born who can't feel pain or temperature. So they can break a bone and not even know about it. Childhood is especially hard, because they are too young to realize that putting your hand on a hot element or jumping from great heights can actually cause harm.\n\nFor example:\n\n_URL_0_\n",
"Touch is an incredibly important sense that aids in the proper development of young children. Without it children can grow up with severe disabilities. Harry Harlow ran a very interesting experiment in psychology that showed infant monkeys prefer soft comforting mother figures over food. His experiment had a young monkey in a cage with two wire-frame \"stand-in mothers.\" One wire frame was wrapped in felt and soft cloth. The other was bare, but had a feeding bottle. The monkey ended up spending almost all its time with the felt frame and left to eat only when hungry. Lacking the sense of touch would suck badly in other words.\n\nEdit: Forgot the link _URL_0_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vLsZ_dXFAg"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Harlow"
]
] |
||
5ux7rf
|
beer in fridge vs beer room temperature.
|
If switched, does the "fridge beer" get to room temperature faster or does the "room temperature beer" get to fridge temp faster?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5ux7rf/eli5beer_in_fridge_vs_beer_room_temperature/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ddxm9q5"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"That would depend on several things, including the temperatures of each of the environments and the power of the fridge's compressor. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
3sv855
|
why does the volume in movies vary so wildly that you have to constantly adjust it from scene to scene?
|
One minute you can barely hear the dialogue and the next your livingroom is getting torn apart by explosions and music. Why do the producers continually do this despite literally everyone being annoyed by it? I tend to need to constantly hold the remote and adjust the volume.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3sv855/eli5_why_does_the_volume_in_movies_vary_so_wildly/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cx0p3y4"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"It's either a poorly mixed movie or more likely you don't have a good sound system that's set up properly. \n\nIf you have a tv as the source, that's your problem. Poor sound stage and frequency response means all the sounds are concentrated in the center which makes overlap in the sounds even worse. If you have speakers they're probably too close together. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
41eott
|
why our knuckles or toes turn white when clenched?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/41eott/eli5_why_our_knuckles_or_toes_turn_white_when/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cz1tbku"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"when you clench your fists (or your toes), it restricts the blood flow. think about the way your arm goes to sleep if you keep your elbow bent in close (wrist near shoulder)too long while talking on the phone, and it \"goes to sleep\" - this is from lack of blood flow too. Just like sitting on your foot.\n\nit is more noticeable quicker in your knuckles because the skin is very thin here, and the blood is close to the surface. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
8hh7tf
|
how come we can't change the volume of the voice in our head?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8hh7tf/eli5_how_come_we_cant_change_the_volume_of_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dyjpckk"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Because they are thoughts; it’s not a literal voice that is creating vibrations against our eardrums."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2yfpnk
|
the fedora? why the hype on reddit?
|
newwish to Reddit, just curious
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2yfpnk/eli5_the_fedora_why_the_hype_on_reddit/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cp92dx2",
"cp93e3v",
"cp93jvb",
"cp95v77"
],
"score": [
12,
9,
24,
13
],
"text": [
"Well the fedora used to be a very popular hat (in the mid 50s) however it was a formal hat, it should be worn with suits and only outside. However it became a popular choice for people trying to look \"classy\" at all times, people who feel that need also tend to be kinda douche (Need to prove how they are better than the average Joe). So now its just unwearable without being associated with the cringing neck beard, trench coat crowd. \n",
"I think it's important to not that typically when people mention \"[fedora](_URL_0_)\", they're actually referring to a \"[trilby](_URL_0_)\" \nFrom what I've seen, at first fedora-wearing was a trait of 'white knight' and 'nice guy' stereotypes. Basically guys who present themselves as gentlemanly and old-fashioned might think wearing a fedora is cool and stylish.",
"The fedora is considered a trademark of a certain type of person. I don't think said type has a name, and is usually just referred to as \"fedora\" or simply \"neckbeard\".\n\nAs usual with internet definitions, they tend to be quite vague, but here are some traits commonly attributed to Fedoras:\n\n - fat, neckbeard, some type of nerd, usually brony\n\n - beta male/orbiter/\"nice guy\"/staunch feminist/white knight, trademark \"M'lady\" when referring to women\n\n - outspoken atheist, promotor of self-enlightement, defender of Reason and Logic, etc. etc.\n\nAlltogether a pretentious dickwad. The whole fad seems similar to hating hipsters a few years back, really.",
"It is an *affectation*.\n\nMost people find affectations to be pretentious and annoying. You are using superficial means to given the appearance you are something you are not. A middle class accountant with a leather jacket and a motorcycle is not an outlaw biker, even if it pleases him to pretend to be one.\n\nSimilarly, a fedora does not make you well groomed and gallant protagonist from a 1950s movie. Especially if you are also wearing a Cheetos stained superhero T-shirt."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://i.imgur.com/MpPgxht.jpg?1"
],
[],
[]
] |
|
egajrq
|
pulleys. i am a physics major and i am generally familiar with how pulleys should theoretically work. but in practice if you try to attach a few pulleys in a linear fashion to the same mass, something weird happens. the pulleys closer to the pulled side rise faster, why?
|
There is a pretty clear demonstration on a smarter everyday video. [_URL_0_](_URL_0_) , that's the link, skip to minute 5:40. There is no explanation anywhere on the internet. I am assuming this is a result of some "real world" factor that I am ignoring. Does someone Have an explanation for this?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/egajrq/eli5_pulleys_i_am_a_physics_major_and_i_am/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fc5952x",
"fc5ais8"
],
"score": [
7,
23
],
"text": [
"Friction ? Someone please confirm",
"The string is slightly elastic.\n\nThe closer it is from the source, the more linear tension in the string, the more crooked it become"
]
}
|
[] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2w3NZzPwOM"
] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
2ama5a
|
nba free agency and the salary cap
|
I'm a pretty big sports fan. Enough so that I have a degree in journalism and have been a sports writer for about three years but I just can't seem to wrap my head around NBA free agency. It seems much more complex than the MLB and NFL, and while I get what free agents are and what a sign-and-trade is, there are also several steps that I don't understand (Amnesty,etc.). Any help would be appreciated.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ama5a/eli5nba_free_agency_and_the_salary_cap/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ciwsxze"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"The NBA has a soft cap meaning that you can exceed the maximum salary under certain circumstances. If you go too far over you are penalized with a luxury tax. This page has a list of the exceptions _URL_0_ . These exceptions were created to help teams keep players year to year. A hard cap would cause more player movement, like in the NFL, and the NBA doesn't like this because there are so few players per team. \n\nThe Amnesty provision was an exception created during the last CBA. It basically allows teams to get rid of one player without it counting against their cap. This can only be used one time and most teams have already used it. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_salary_cap"
]
] |
|
7swrkb
|
why are sidewalks divided into squares? wouldn't it be faster to pour long blocks of concrete instead?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7swrkb/eli5_why_are_sidewalks_divided_into_squares/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dt7zpj3",
"dt7zrpb",
"dt7ztyp"
],
"score": [
6,
18,
5
],
"text": [
"As the ground shifts and moves, the long concrete sidewalk will crack and heave most impressively.\n\nThe discrete squares allow for a greater range of motion. \n\nThat said, it *is* possible to dig a deeper, more exactingly prepared base, that would minimize heaving a bit better. However, that increases the cost, and still won't provide perfect results ten years later. ",
"Those 'cracks' between the squares are for structural relief - so the concrete/cement can expand and contract without cracking for real",
"When they make concrete sidewalk, they do pour it as one long continuous sidewalk. They add the lines that divide it into squares/rectangles because they know that sidewalks will eventually crack on their own anyway, because of use and because of the weather.\n\nThey add the cracks at the start so that it looks neater. Otherwise the natural cracks that develop would be random, ugly, and potentially unsafe."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
bhjhe6
|
so researchers have observed the radioactive decay of xenon-124 which is extremely rare due to its half-life of 18 sextillion years, so how is it they observed this if the universe isn't even 18 sextillion years old?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bhjhe6/eli5_so_researchers_have_observed_the_radioactive/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eltdb81",
"eltdl9h",
"eltdlr3"
],
"score": [
2,
32,
4
],
"text": [
"It's always decaying, a half life is just how long it takes for the amount to halve, not like it decays by half exactly at that time",
"A half life of an element doesn't mean an atom can't decay before that amount of time has elapsed, and it doesn't mean exactly half of all atoms of some group will decay after exactly the half-life has elapsed. The half-life is probabilistic for any individual atom. This means there's a 50% chance any single atom will decay *some time* **BEFORE** it's half life, and a 50% chance it will decay after. So if we have a hypothetical element with a half life of exactly 100 years, there's a 50% probability any individual atom will decay before 100 years has elapsed, but this could occur at any point. It could happen in 1 day 7, weeks, or 63 years. Then there's still a 50% chance it won't decay at all in those 100 years.",
"Extrapolation. So the half life of a radioactive material is the time it takes to lose half of its radioactivity. If you plotted it out on a graph it would present a curve much like the depreciation of a car (steep at first, becoming flatter as it progresses). To determine the 18 Sextillion year half life you don't have to see a full cycle, just enough of the cycle to confirm the rate of decay, and then you can plot that on a graph and say \"Whoah! 18 sextillion years that's a bloody long time\""
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
c521pc
|
why do people express less intense emotion as they grow older?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c521pc/eli5_why_do_people_express_less_intense_emotion/
|
{
"a_id": [
"erzhn1z",
"erzi4q2"
],
"score": [
5,
3
],
"text": [
"Exposure most likely combined with knowing that dropping a cookie isn't the end of the world.",
"Been there, done that, have a shit ton of T-shirts for an inconceivable number of things now that I am over 70. Show me something new and I might show some amount of excitement, but as for more of the same? nope.\n\nAlthough if that AH in the WH gets impeached I would prolly throw a party."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
5xp4ri
|
what are the little bits of debris that you see in the flames during a rocket launch?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5xp4ri/eli5_what_are_the_little_bits_of_debris_that_you/
|
{
"a_id": [
"deju1f6"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Can you be more specific? Maybe post a picture or video of what you're talking about?"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
7fsill
|
why do people with amnesia forget who they are/who the people around them are, but dont forget what basic things are in the world, such as cars, planes, appliances etc.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7fsill/eli5_why_do_people_with_amnesia_forget_who_they/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dqe3w7z"
],
"score": [
31
],
"text": [
"This has to do with how our memories are called upon, and in the case of your question what exactly constitutes a \"memory.\" \n\nAmnesia occurs when there is damage to the pathway in the brain that we use to either store or retrieve memories. This means amnesia can be retrograde (forgetting the past) or anterograde (not remembering new information).\n\nWith object recognition, this pathway isn't used at all. There's a separate set of conditions associated with brain damage that affect this, and they don't affect memory. \n\nFor example damage to the temporal lobes can prevent someone from naming an object that they see, yet they can still know what it is. This means someone can't look at an airplane and say \"that's an airplane,\" but if you asked them to \"point at which picture is an airplane,\" (giving them the word) they could do it. The opposite is also possible. Meanwhile, a person with amnesia will recognize the airplane, but might not be able to describe to you how an airplane works.\n\n**In short because recognizing these things has more to do with language and is processed in that part of the brain, separate from the part the handles your name and birthday.**"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
3m123g
|
how do people who get fired for doing such a bad job as ceo that their former company is suing them for millions can still get a ceo position at another company
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3m123g/eli5_how_do_people_who_get_fired_for_doing_such_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cvb1wx9",
"cvb3jjg",
"cvb416y",
"cvb4lto"
],
"score": [
7,
2,
44,
7
],
"text": [
"There is no test to become a CEO. No written exam testing your knowledge or abilities, no math puzzles.\n\nTo become a CEO is a matter of being able to convince people that you are a CEO type person. It's about personality, force of will, the ability to make others look and feel inferior. Resume is a strong part of that, and connections, but really there is a sort of person who is manipulative and cunning enough to enter a board of directors interview and come off like the person who aught to be running the company.\n\nPeople make decisions with their gut. It's a sad truth. Someone who seems irreproachably powerful will be given a position of power, whether they are wise or not, and someone who comes off as ordinary or non-dominant will rarely be given power, even if they are strategic geniuses.\n\nIn other words: Nixon gets elected president. Kissinger tells him how to run the show from the shadows.",
"My uneducated opinion is these companies are hiring fall guys, who after doing what profits the few, are fired with their golden parachutes.\n\nYou need a special kind of understanding of the business, no moral compassion or compass, and proven to keep your mouth shut, which is why I feel those 'failures' actually are pluses on their resumes..\n\nWhat, I said uneducated.",
"Attorney here. The person you mentioned, Shrekli, was CEO of those companies because he was the *founder* of those companies. It's pretty easy to be CEO when you are the sole decision make for the company deciding who gets the title...\n\nAlso, for other companies, being sued for millions does not mean you did a bad job as a CEO. It just means that you were the CEO of a large public company that had a drop in stock price. Drop in stock price of large public company pretty much always equals a shareholder suit, no matter what.\n\nThe fact that a company's stock fell or even went in to bankruptcy does not always mean the CEO did a bad job. Sometimes it is out of their control. \n\nPeople here are being upvoted to the top for saying that the people hiring CEOs are just ignorant dumb dumbs. I know it's tempting to think the world is simple, you are smart, and everyone else is dumb. But come on guys. \n",
"It's like an NFL quarterback who gets cut from the roster after a couple of bad seasons. Might be a bad to mediocre quarterback in the NFL. But he is still an NFL qb and has at least two seasons experience...Which is just what a different team is looking for. So the quarterback gets signed to this new team with the expectation that his skill set and experience will help them."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
46oyc4
|
why are there "left wing" and "right wing" economists? shouldn't economics be based on empirical facts?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/46oyc4/eli5why_are_there_left_wing_and_right_wing/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d06tguu",
"d06th9e",
"d06thad",
"d06tp3h",
"d06ttww",
"d06w970",
"d070jg7",
"d071d1k"
],
"score": [
228,
17,
7,
4,
136,
11,
7,
3
],
"text": [
"Economics is driven by human behavior, either individuals or swarms. So no. Economics is definitely not a hard science.",
"Even pure mathematics, the most objective science out there, is based on assumptions and is fraught with disagreement. Our economic models are just that, models. They depend on assumptions and people disagree on how accurate they are or how they should be interpreted. Economists generally agree on quite a lot but, as with all things partisan, the differences in opinion are what get highlighted.",
"Empirical facts are thin on the ground in economics, and how to interpret them has been an open question for two centuries, and looks ready to stay that way for two more.",
"it boils down to what the individual economist thinks is best for society.\n\nthe key word there is \"best.\" everybody defines what isn\"best\" for the economy differently.\n\na leftish economist might think that the economy should support society, and that evening the income disparity will ultimately help fuel economic growth by giving more people purchasing power, allowing businesses to flourish with new customers.\n\na rightish economist might think society should support the economy, and that strong capitalist ventures will inspire competition, which will improve consumer choice and benefit everyone.\n\nthere are a handful of branches of economics (like econometrics) that are a bit more cut-and-dry, but, ultimately, people are invested in money (and money is invested in people), so nobody can fully divorce their self from it.",
"Well, the important thing to understand here is that there's two types of questions in economics:\n\n1. **Positive economics** deals with the definite - the absolute. That means there's a right answer, and a wrong answer. If I ask you what the unemployment will be next year if we implement X policy, come next year your answer will be either right or wrong. If you predict 4.3% and the unemployment rate is actually 5.3%, you're wrong. It's very cut and dry.\n\n2. **Normative economics** deals with the inexact and largely opinion based. Let's go back to policy X. Here's the question we're asking now: \"should we implement this policy?\" There's room for difference in this question. Economist A might say yes, we should, because although it raises unemployment, it is going to strengthen the currency (which economist A feels is very important). On the other hand, economist B might make the same assessment, but argue that a lower unemployment is more important than the strength of the currency.\n\nIf an economist is affiliated with a party or side that supports tariffs and protectionism, they're not going to care as much about the strength of their currency, and are (probably) going to go with lowering unemployment. A different economist with different principles might vouch for a different policy.\n\nThe last thing to remember is that economists might use different models to understand real world situations. Models are simplified versions of reality and generally only focus on a thing or two, while trying to make all other factors constant. If two economists look at different models for the same phenomena, they may get different outputs. \n\nEdit: fixed grammar & spelling.",
"I'd argue that economics faces two difficulties: 1) It's intrinsically complicated and 2) people have a prior interest in the outcome. '\n\nScience is, despite what you may have heard, based on consensus. By \"science\" I mean the collection of \"established scientific facts\". Now this consensus comes from people presenting convincing empirical data or convincing theories or logical arguments. Take gravity...you can drop a ball, it falls at 9.8 m/s, and this easily repeatable experiment is more than good enough to convince everyone involved that this is indeed the acceleration due to gravity. But experiments can also be ambiguous or badly done or confusing or just plain wrong. What sorts the good from the bad is how many experts in the field can be convinced by them. \n\nAnd this is where the problems come in for economics. First of all, economics is the study of the behavior of groups of humans. Take it from a biologist, merely studying the interactions between groups of animals, plants, or microbes is complicated enough. Humans are a whole other level of complexity, and group behavior is even more complex on that. Not least because humans can read your papers and adjust their behavior accordingly. So your experiments don't usually give answers as clear as our dropped ball. You might instead find the equivalent of \"red balls fall at 4 m/s while blue ones fall at 7 m/s, at least in the USA, but this really seems to depend on the country in which they were dropped, and we _think_ there's a pattern there with blue falling faster but we haven't quite figured out what causes it\". It's not as easy to interpret these things (and where the answers _are_ simpler there's less controversy). Also, it's rarely possible to run experiments as easily because you can't just run experiments on a nation state or even a person in the same way that you can manipulate chemicals or objects.\n\nHowever, other areas of study (like ecology) have similar problems and manage to muddle through and form a consensus (more or less). So why is economics so fractured, at least to the external observer? Well, with lots of sciences nobody really cares what the outcome is. I mean 10 or 9 m/s for gravity, nobody has much riding on that outcome. But lots of economists (and/or people calling themselves economists) have all sorts of investment (philosophical or financial) in the interpretations of ambiguous data points. So you get opposing camps that interpret an experimental outcome in different ways, preventing consensus from forming in some cases. And certainly making it difficult for an outsider to see the consensus that does exist.",
"/u/atomfullerene [says](_URL_0_)\n\n > I'd argue that economics faces two difficulties: 1) It's intrinsically complicated and 2) people have a prior interest in the outcome. '\n\nYes there are empirical facts but there are empirical facts with weather forecasting.\n\nThink of economics as follows:\n\n* it is a system where butterflies can cause hurricanes\n* the butterflies sometimes know this and try to make the weather\n* there are lots of butterflies competing against each other\n* some of these butterflies (businesses, governments) are huge\n* some of these butterflies try to make their own weather based on what weather they think a bunch of other butterflies and the planet will end up causing (futures, derivatives, insurance) \n\nSo economics is complicated and the participants have a prior interest but this doesn't explain political polarisation of theories, only the diversity and uncertainty of theories.\n\nThe polarisation will occur because this diversity and uncertainty leaves scope for personal prejudice and ideology.\n\nEconomics is a major issue amongst competing politicians seeking differentiation, so you will see the simplification and amplification of claims leading to the apparent polarisation of the subject. ",
"Testing theories in science generally relies on experimentation. Experimentation in economics—and the rest of the social sciences—is extremely difficult. Even in cases where the result itself is well established (e.g. individuals to not keep the whole pie in the Ultimatum Game), the reasons can be difficult to ascribe. So you can have consensus on facts, but disagreement on why those facts arise. Disagreement on why we observe certain regularities means that there are different implications when generalizing from these facts.\n\nThere aren't always clean experiments to figure out this second-level, and so people take different positions on why facts arise, build different theories, etc. And when we're engaged in this type of theorization (which is in some sense speculative), people are going to take positions that appear more \"liberal\" or \"conservative\" to outsiders. Sometimes there is explicit political motivation, sometimes not.\n\nSource: Getting a PhD in sociology and I do experiments."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/46oyc4/eli5why_are_there_left_wing_and_right_wing/d06w970"
],
[]
] |
||
1p53wr
|
how do children's clothing sizes work?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1p53wr/eli5_how_do_childrens_clothing_sizes_work/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ccyu0yq"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"By age. Size 6-8 months is for 6-8 month olds. 8-12 is for 8-12 month olds, size 2 is for 2 year olds, size 4 is for four year olds..."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1ym8r7
|
how are pc's less expensive than smart phones
|
With all the processing power and memory ect how can a PC be made and sold for less than a phone?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ym8r7/eli5_how_are_pcs_less_expensive_than_smart_phones/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cflr7tz"
],
"score": [
12
],
"text": [
"Shrinking technology is expensive"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
5w2ji7
|
if the stars and planets are light-years away, are we seeing the planets that many years back?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5w2ji7/eli5_if_the_stars_and_planets_are_lightyears_away/
|
{
"a_id": [
"de6tdbp"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Yes. Everything we see in the sky is from the light it generated/reflected in the past. Even the sun is several light minutes away, so we are always seeing it as it was a few minutes ago. A star 10 light years away, we will see the light that is now 10 years old. The further an object is away, the further in the past our perception of it is. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
3xqbsq
|
how does the elevator work in the st. louis arch?
|
From pictures it looks like a Ferris wheel, but how does the entire contraption stay in balance not being a circle?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3xqbsq/eli5_how_does_the_elevator_work_in_the_st_louis/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cy6thar",
"cy71qo5"
],
"score": [
20,
2
],
"text": [
"It isn't really an elevator.\n\nThe cars are attached together into a train, and then pulled up a track by a cable attached to a motor. The inside of each car can swing independently of the outside shell which allows the passengers to stay upright as it travels up the curved arch.",
"Thanks for the question and answers. I want to visit, but haven't up to this point and wondered how they did it. makes sense. With the problems in that city, I don't know when I will venture there."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
73dtmw
|
what would someone experience while at sea right at the location where an earthquake triggers a tsunami?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/73dtmw/eli5what_would_someone_experience_while_at_sea/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dnpld7h"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"Very little indeed. The word \"tsunami\" is Japanese for \"harbour wave\", precisely because fishermen would hardly notice anything, but they would return home to find the harbour demolished and people talking about a massive wave.\n\nA tsunami basically consists of a fast-moving swell radiating outwards, like ripples on a pond. In deep water, it's just a swell that makes your boat bob about a bit. But when it gets into shallow water, it is forced to slow down.\n\nHowever, it rarely becomes a towering wave that rises up and comes crashing down. On shore, the first thing you notice is that the water *recedes*, further than it should. The mistake some people make is to stand on the beach wondering where all the water went.\n\nThen the water comes back, but it doesn't stop. It rises and rises and rises. It's not a wall of water. Imagine a shallow dish full of water, and you move that dish so the water slops over the brim.\n\nOf course, it's not a shallow dish, it's an entire sea. The water just comes in relentlessly, pushing everything out of its way. Then, as all waves do, it withdraws again, sucking all the stuff it's managed to loosen (even entire houses) out to sea."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
4g7vpu
|
why do new cars have a "fake" clicking noise that comes out of the speakers when you are using a turn signal?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4g7vpu/eli5_why_do_new_cars_have_a_fake_clicking_noise/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d2f9s4x",
"d2fao31"
],
"score": [
6,
3
],
"text": [
"The flashing of the lights on older cars was driven by a relay clicking on and off. Modern cars probably use a computer to control the lights and emulate the sound of the relay by playing a sound through the speakers. The sound is there to act as an indication the lights are active.",
"So you don't forget you turned it on. A silimar thing is artificial engine noise for electric cars at low speeds. They would be completely silent, which is a problem for pedestrians who are used to relying on sound to detect cars comming up from behind them.\n\nSo the answer to your question is: Because we're used to it. It doesnt need to make the noise, but the light alone won't be enough to remind you, that your blinker is on."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
2lb2vp
|
what are the relationships called between incestually related family members? if a father has a son with his daughter through incest, would that child be considered the son and brother of the daughter? would it be the grandson and son of the father? what is the single technical term for this?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2lb2vp/eli5_what_are_the_relationships_called_between/
|
{
"a_id": [
"clt4afv",
"clu6loz"
],
"score": [
10,
2
],
"text": [
"The single technical term for this would be 'Fucked Up'\n",
"In human genetics it is known as a consanguineous relationship."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
k4po3
|
the difference between a double entendre and a pun?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/k4po3/eli5_the_difference_between_a_double_entendre_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c2hhjtj",
"c2hkzyo",
"c2hhjtj",
"c2hkzyo"
],
"score": [
6,
2,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"A pun is using the same word in two different ways based on the sound. EX: Did you hear about the Pirate Movie? It was rated ARRRRR.\n\nA double entendre is a statement that has two meanings. EX: I went to bed with her. You are literally saying you slept in the same bed together, but the double entendre indicates that you slept with her. ",
"Well, a double Entendre is something that can be interpreted in two ways, which makes it a pun - it can also be translated as \"goes into both places\", which is a double entendre....If you know what I mean.",
"A pun is using the same word in two different ways based on the sound. EX: Did you hear about the Pirate Movie? It was rated ARRRRR.\n\nA double entendre is a statement that has two meanings. EX: I went to bed with her. You are literally saying you slept in the same bed together, but the double entendre indicates that you slept with her. ",
"Well, a double Entendre is something that can be interpreted in two ways, which makes it a pun - it can also be translated as \"goes into both places\", which is a double entendre....If you know what I mean."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
3zihwv
|
how did the social norm of smokers asking other smokers for cigarettes arise? (aka bumming a cig
|
I'm not a smoker. To me it's a crazy social norm, having it be ok for complete strangers to ask you for something and you're practically obligated to give something back. I'd feel like bums would be bumming cigarettes to save money all the time, making the people who buy cigarettes ultimately end up paying more as a whole. In fact, it would make the latter type be more tempted to bum cigarettes too to "get their fair share" and thus perpetuating the cycle.
What's wrong with just saying "no" without giving the fake excuse of "I don't have any more?" If a stranger asked me for money, food, or anything else, I would 99% of the time deny it. Why are they obligated to my stuff?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3zihwv/eli5_how_did_the_social_norm_of_smokers_asking/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cymfc68",
"cymfkb7",
"cymfnnq"
],
"score": [
2,
3,
8
],
"text": [
"I'm guessing we all have different levels of compassion & empathy. Maybe yours are just lower than average?",
"Cigarettes used to be very cheap, and in some places they still are, so its not much of a monetary setback. Another thing you're forgetting is you don't smoke, so you don't have the addictive urges. When smokers go without their nicotine, its can be quite unpleasant. So for the cost of 50 cents or less you can ease someones withdrawal. Even if they're just a full time bum and don't buy packs often, its usually not much of setback for some good karma. I used to smoke so I've been on both sides of the bumming. Finally, if someone always asks for cigs but never has any themselves, I'd happily tell them to buzz off instead of constantly giving them away. Theres a difference between being nice to a fellow addict and supporting someone who doesn't want to spend the money themselves.",
"There's no obligation involved. It's just that an individual cigarette has practically no value (where I live around 20 cents), and most smokers can relate to that moment where you could really, really use a damn cigarette but you just don't have one. I've said no before plenty of times in my life, for various reasons, but if I'm not worried about running low I generally see no reason not to help a brother out."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
80h9og
|
how is the volume of a gas found?
|
So gases can be pressurized and fit into all kinds of different shapes. Since gases can fit virtually anywhere how is the volume calculated?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/80h9og/eli5_how_is_the_volume_of_a_gas_found/
|
{
"a_id": [
"duvkfho",
"duvkw32"
],
"score": [
5,
2
],
"text": [
"Volume is calculated by the container. If you have a container of known volume and put gas in there you know the volume of gas as well. Pressure can be measured by gauges that measure the force exerted on them. Add a known temperature and you can calculate your moles of gas as well.",
"Most of the time, volumes of gases are calculated using the Ideal Gas Law: PV=nRT. Where\n\nP = pressure, either in atmospheres or kilopascals\n\nV= volume, in litres\n\nn = number of mols of the gas\n\nR = a constant, differing based on which unit you chose for pressure\n\nT = temperature, in kelvin\n\nAs you can see, temperature, number of mols, and pressure all affect the volume a gas will take.\n\nThe Ideal Gas law does however, assume several things. It assumes that there are no intermolecular forces at work between the gas molecules, and that the volume occupied by the volume of the gas molecules is negligible compared to the volume of the gas itself.\n\nFor more extreme cases, the Ideal Gas Law breaks down. For example, at super high pressure situations where the volume taken by gas molecules is no longer negligible compared to the overall volume of the gas. In this case, people would use [Van Der Waals equation](_URL_0_)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_equation"
]
] |
|
2afkya
|
if i take a different drug every weekend to get high, will i avoid addiction and my body becoming resistant to the drugs effects?
|
Why doesn't this work? If addicts are always chasing the first high they got, why don't they take another drug their body isn't used to and experience that first high again?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2afkya/eli5_if_i_take_a_different_drug_every_weekend_to/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ciuk1qn",
"ciup3hh",
"ciuumm7"
],
"score": [
14,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"If you are constantly using different drugs from a different class that don't have the same method of action then yes, kinda. You will not have a chemical dependency and will not build up a resistance, as quickly. But you will still have a psychological addiction to drug use.\n\nFor instance, you can't switch between heroin and morphine because they are both opiates and use the same receptors. When your receptors bind to the chemicals in these drugs, they create more receptors if they all get used up. The more receptors you have, the harder it is go get high. So you would have to switch differently. Between Cocaine, Marijuana, heroin, LSD, mushrooms, Marijuana, Ketamin, Dilaudid, Methadone, Crack, Morphine, Meth, LSD, Cocaine, etc. Rinse and repeat. Do one of those a night and it wouldn't be as bad as being hooked on one drug.",
"Not all drugs are addictive. Cocaine and amphetamine are supremely addictive because they stimulate the dopamine system, which provides a feeling of reward. Continual use increases the amount of dopamine receptors, so that you need more of the drug to stimulate the receptors, and so on. \n\nEcstasy (MDMA), LSD, and psilocybin (mushrooms) do not work on the same mechanism and therefore dependence does not arise (certainly not to the same extent). But a cocaine addict is not going to be satisfied with one of those drugs.\n\nBecause addiction is a biochemical process more than a psychological one, drugs can be categorised according to their ability to cause addiction. Alcohol can be addictive, but you can also drink every night and never develop an addiction. The same is not true for tobacco.",
"If you could control yourself enough to \n\na) stick to this plan even when you really enjoyed/hated last week's high\nb) manage to find both the dealer and the money needed to score this week's stash\nc) never run into problems with regards to where to do it and who has to clean up after\nd) have people ideal for doing that particular drug with\n\nthen addiction really isn't your problem."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
7e8f61
|
why does alt ctrl del sometimes fail?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7e8f61/eli5_why_does_alt_ctrl_del_sometimes_fail/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dq3929a"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"A computer and all the things connected to it are managed by the operating system. When you're running a program that uses a keyboard, the operating system works as a translator of sorts that receives the button presses from a keyboard and then forwards that onto the program you're running. \n\nWhen you press Ctrl+Alt+Del at once, your operating system triggers a special response that attempts to pause all other running programs, start the task manager, and switch to it. When it fails, that means that this process got messed up in some way. \n\nThe process of pausing the other programs is called a \"context switch.\" Basically what happens is the OS makes a quick backup of the current state of the program and moves all of the currently running code out of the processor and into the RAM. In order to do this though, the OS has to first ask the running program to get to a point where it can be saved as a state. If the program is stuck (in a loop), it will not respond to the operating system's request to pause. \n\nSo ultimately the operating system is dependent on the currently running program being able to pause itself, which it can't do if it is stuck for any reason. When it's stuck, then the OS has to go through some more complex recovery routines that take a while and will cause slower computers to freeze. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
acdymb
|
why do stores still sell vinyls and not cassettes?
|
I've only seen HMV sell vinyls, and I'm not sure whether HMV is the only mainstream store (in England) still selling vinyls, or if there are others, but I thought it was weird that only vinyls would be sold and not cassettes. I thought it would be because cassettes are no longer popular, since there are many more ways to listen to music faster and more efficiently, but the same could be said for vinyls. I also don't know whether vinyls are just HMV's thing, and that's why they don't put out casettes.
basically:
do other mainstream stores sell vinyls too?
why are only vinyls sold, and not cassettes?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/acdymb/eli5_why_do_stores_still_sell_vinyls_and_not/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ed76v3e",
"ed76zjm",
"ed7tdg4"
],
"score": [
11,
5,
4
],
"text": [
"Vinyl has remained popular because the audio quality is very good. Some audiophiles will only listen to vinyl because it’s a true analog recording with no compression used (like with CDs or any electronically transmitted music format). \n\nCassettes can’t produce as high of an audio quality as vinyl so they have gone out of fashion because they don’t offer the advantage of either vinyl (high quality) or electronic music (ease of use, portability). Also they can deteriorate in hear, tape can get caught etc. ",
"Cassettes were really shitty quality sound, and took time to rewind and you have to search to find tracks etc. Yes you have to search to find a track on a record, and the sound isn't high fidelity, but it has a nice \"warmth\" to it, and is more nostalgic because it was our during a golden age in music (40s-70s ). Meanwhile cassets only out really during the 80s, by what like 92 CDs took over ",
"Vinyls are seeing a big resurgence. I think it's partially from everyone going to streaming, having a physical copy of something in the hand is quite nice, you get nice cover art, inlays, all the rest of it, and you can make something particularly exclusive feeling. \n\nI have a few myself, and an old radiogram my Grandad left me. \n\nI'm not going to sit here and be one of those who tries to say the sound quality is objectively better than modern digital recording, or CDs, because it just isn't, but subjectively, it's nice to have that physicality to playing music, it becomes an event. An album is listened to start to finish, like it was meant to be a lot of the time. You can't skip back and forth like you can on a CD, so it becomes more of a listening experience. \n\nSounds a bit airy-fairy wishy-washy, but eh. I enjoy the little box of records I've got. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
2mm85z
|
why is "thou" archaic?
|
Why did it become archaic? Seeing as how "you" is the formal, "thou" being the informal, wouldn't "you" be less used?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2mm85z/eli5_why_is_thou_archaic/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cm5kybk",
"cm5l215"
],
"score": [
6,
2
],
"text": [
"Same reason other words become archaic. Thou hardly see people use words such as, ought, aught, tis, or twas. With English being a living language, meanings will change over time as will what words are introduced and no longer used. This is why medical terms use Latin as a base, the meanings are fixed, therefore, they will always be the same. \n\nGo to another country that has English as a second language and some common words here would hold different meanings over there for different reasons. \n\nSorry I don't have historical references, I'm just lazy tonight. ",
"Whyist dost thou askth?"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
3odlmj
|
why is it that we can understand words in context, but when asked the strict definition of even a simple word we are often hard pressed to provide it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3odlmj/eli5_why_is_it_that_we_can_understand_words_in/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cvw9bs0",
"cvwb6vh",
"cvwenhd",
"cvwhcyh",
"cvwn8ui"
],
"score": [
239,
58,
13,
8,
3
],
"text": [
"My theory is because much of the time you figure out words via context clues. Most words you probably don't learn via dictionary definitions, but rather hearing them in context then adding it to your vocabulary. With this being the case, you never typically have to provide the meaning of the words, you just know a general idea of what it means.",
"I think the reason is because there's so many little details that set each word apart. Take for instance the words Kill and Murder. They both mean you've ended a life, but murder is more distinct as it includes premeditation. Then you've got assassination, which is the same as murder but shows special significance because it tells you the person murdered was a particularly important person. Homicide, extremely similar to murder, does not require the act to be considered before hand, but *does* require the killing to be intentional. \n\nI think people subconsciously realize the little differences between words, but have trouble articulating precisely what those differences are. \n\nEDIT: Please if you're going to try to correct me, look at the dictionary definitions of the terms first.",
"Because most people have a vocabulary that includes lots of words that they can understand (or that they think they understand) in context but for which they never bothered to fully learn the definition. Context allows you to cheat by providing lots of additional clues as to meaning. But if you can't provide a basic definition for a word, then you don't fully understand its meaning. \n\nPerfect example: What does \"eloquent\" mean? When I asked a bunch of high school seniors while teaching SAT Verbal, I got \"fancy,\" \"nice,\" and other variations of \"good.\" They clearly all understood that an \"eloquent speaker\" is someone who speaks \"well.\" What they all failed to understand was that eloquence applies *only* to speaking. It doesn't mean \"good\"; it means \"good at speaking.\"",
"The flaw is in the assumptions that words have strict definitions. They do not. For instance read a legal document ( a least start reading one, they tend to be awfully boring), a huge part is defining what is meant by the keywords in the document. If words had a pre-existing strict definition none of this would be necessary. And then there is the evolution of language to consider, the meaning of words changes over time.",
"Really ELI5 answer here: You know that thing where you can read a word even if the letters are out of order? Same deal with understanding the words themselves. You understand based on the things around them, not by referencing textbook definitions for words one at a time."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
3tr1i3
|
rogue waves.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3tr1i3/eli5_rogue_waves/
|
{
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"text": [
"Water is moving in waves everywhere, all the time. Most of the time it just looks like it sloshes. \n\nBut when by some chance a lot of waves get into a groove and start waving at the same time, suddenly all that sloshing from those waves becomes one Bigger wave. That is the rogue wave. \nIt has beat the system of an individual wave surviving and lifting itself up by its bootstraps, and they are overcome with a wave of red communistic ideals, and fuck shit up, together, before realizing they don't get enough benefit out of it individually and returning to their primal wave ways. \n\nDon't worry or say anything about that f word though, kid. You'll learn when you're older. ",
"On the ocean there are many waves that are generated from different sources. Each wind source will cause waves to form and locally the west wind is normally the jet stream wind with storms circling so the wind is south-east you can have waves traveling east being systematically overpowered by storm waves traveling northwest. This causes a very troubled wave pattern with intersecting waves climbing on-top of each other to give very high crests and subsequent deep troughs that your boat can fall into and have the crest towering above you as the wave is unstable due to it's unstable height.\n\nAlso you can have 2 sources of waves as 1 storm track is crossed by another generating waves of different sizes traveling in the same direction at different speeds due to their different size.\nThese waves will climb on each other and generate the classic rogue wave, when out of phase there are a lot of smaller waves but when the pattern coincides crest with crest, then you have a very big wave seeming to appear suddenly. In reality as the crest frequency approaches the intersect point larger waves are generated, this is where you will hear that there are sets of large waves followed by smaller waves as the cycle repeats.\n\nThe classic rogue wave is unstable as it is pushed vertically hence the wall of water of the top half being vertical due to the shorter waves natural shape being distorted, the rogue builds and then breaks with a massive breaking crest. \n\nIf your unlucky enough to be at that position you can be rolled over by the vertical wave face or rolled under by the breaking wave face that is not solid water and will not hold the boat up so you get washed over by the breaking wave. It still has enough power to smash doors and windows and now you have buoyancy and lose of power and electrical as salt water cripples your systems.\n\nOn a family fish-boat from 10 to18 years old off the west coast of Canada every summer from 30 to 150 mikes off shore on a 46 ft boat chasing salmon and tuna. The boat did 8 knot's so tuna was a 20 hour run straight out, if the storm was to strong to face into the waves and jog into the swells then we would turn and deploy a small sea drag chute and idle along with the waves. The drogue is to stop the boat from broaching where the force of the wave tries to push the stern around as the boat is sliding down the face of the wave. This slows down the apparent wave speed, example a 50 ft wave travels about 12-14 knots and your boat speed is 4 knots so the apparent is 8-10, gives your boat time to rise to the wave.\n\nHope this makes sense.",
"The topography of the ocean bottom can also play a role in creating giant waves. Some of these 100 foot waves can be considered rogue waves because they happen so infrequently and the conditions have to be just right for them to occur.\n\nCheck out this Google Earth map of the Topography of [Giant-wave Zones](_URL_0_). With it you can zoom in on areas of the ocean bottom where 100 foot high waves were created due to the shape of the ocean floor when the right conditions exist on the surface."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"https://www.dropbox.com/s/ycyxivi5pa7nkki/The%20Topography%20of%20Giant-Wave%20Zones.kml?dl=0"
]
] |
||
90medx
|
why does looking at the road keep you from getting carsick?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/90medx/eli5_why_does_looking_at_the_road_keep_you_from/
|
{
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"e2rk6ic",
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11
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"text": [
"It's not so much looking at the road as it is being in control of the car's movement, however, passengers in the front tend to have less motion sickness than those in the rear seats. \n\nThe inner ear is responsible for equilibrium. When you are not in control of the vehicle, your inner ear is responding to movements you don't anticipate or control. \n\nThis gives the feeling of your equilibrium being \"off\" and causing motion sickness. \n\nWhen you are in control of the vehicle or in the front with a less obstructed view, your brain has more information with which to anticipate movements and expect adjustments to your equilibrium, but rear seat passengers may still experience motion sickness. ",
"Motion sickness is when your eyes and your inner ear are experiencing different things. Sitting in the back seat of a car, you're mostly seeing the inside of the car which isn't moving as far as your eyes can tell. But your inner ear is sensing all kinds of movement. So your eyes say you're not moving, your inner ear says you are, and boom you're gonna throw up. \n \nIn the front seat, you generally have a much better view of the road so your eyes and inner ear are more in sync. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
3ubjc9
|
how can a fighter jet be reached when they invade a nation's airspace?
|
I know that they've got radios in the planes, but how do they know what frequency to use? Is there a common frequency that has to be monitored at all times?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ubjc9/eli5_how_can_a_fighter_jet_be_reached_when_they/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cxdiqfm",
"cxdiqte"
],
"score": [
4,
2
],
"text": [
"Yup. It is known as aircraft emergency frequency, or guard frequency\n\n121.5 MHz for civilian, 243.0 MHz for military. \n\nBoth frequencies can be used by any aircrafts in distress or in an emergency. \n\nIntercepted aircrafts will be contacted at 121.5 MHz to establish identity and intention, as well as to pass any instructions. ",
"There is a list of common VHF frequencies used in aviation that is agreed upon internationally in order to facilitate air traffic control. So all planes, be they military, commercial or private, listen to these standard frequencies. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
4dpbwj
|
why people are arguing that gun manufacturers be held liable for shootings, when we don't have this standard for anything else.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4dpbwj/eli5_why_people_are_arguing_that_gun/
|
{
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"They'll do anything they can to blame anything but the individual. If the individual is responsible, and there are so many individuals doing this kind of thing, then society's fucked up. But if society's fucked up, then there's a huge insurmountable problem. Why not just make a scapegoat out of something else that's easier. They want to take away the guns. But they can't take away the guns, so they'll get back at the scapegoats by suing them. They think a lawsuit will bring mental health back to a mentally ill society.",
"because they have no one else to blame. the guy who did the shooting is already dead, and has no money. so you go after the guy with money. that is the gun manufacturers. ",
"This mostly about the perception of the usage of guns. If someone beats someone to death with an Iphone, Apple doesn't have to worry about any kind of lawsuit. As the public perceives and Apple can easily prove that their products have many, many other usages besides being used to kill another human being. Iphones come with all kinds of inbuilt apps, such as the calculator or the internet browser. Nothing about it's design is made to kill other human being.\n\nEven things like knives and cars (which I should note that more people die due to cars in the US that firearms) can still prove that they have use outside of killing things. Knives can chop up fruits and cars can easily get you from point A to point B. \n\nGuns don't have that easy of a defense. Guns put a big giant hole into things, and the vast majority of objects in the world (windows, animals, humans) do not function as well when their are giant holes in them.\n\nYou may point to hunting or skeet shooting, or other recreational usages of guns, but many of the people suggesting suing gun manufacturers suggest all kinds of special licenses should be required for those sports (even going far as to saying that the guns should be only be rented in securely maintained ranges or the like, similar to the laws of several European countries) or say those few fun uses of guns are not worth all the death guns bring.\n\nEven their use of self defense is often argued just another way for guns to deal death, and that your average citizen should have such an easy means to end another life even if it's in defense of their own.\n\nSo, in a way, it is a way for people with certain political beliefs about guns to punish gun manufacturers for making guns that kill people (particularly when they feel the law has failed to properly regulate firearms).",
"While I don't support the argument, It goes like this.\n\nThe gun industry makes guns. Guns are used to only shoot people/things. The manufacturer must know they are making the gun so it can be used to shoot people/things. The manufacturer makes guns that can shoot more bullets faster. Faster than the user needs for just hunting. The manufacturer is thus, complicit to the crime.\n\nOther industries make things that are not intended for inappropriate use. Like cars are made for travel, not running over people. Lighters are made to ignite your cigarette, not your house. Pressure cookers are made for cooking, not homemade bombs.\n\n\n\nThe argument is flawed if you can come up with a primary reason for gun use besides shooting people. Arguments like target practice, collection, stress relief, and self defense are often used to put holes in this argument.",
"This comes from people who don't want guns in private hands (not a necessarily bad position). They reason they want lawsuits if they can't get guns made illegal, they can make them too costly to manufacture due to liability. The same thing goes for gun control laws. The real motivation is is restrict the right bear arms to where it is rendered moot. I really just wish people would stop lying about their motivations for things. It is so transparent and cynical how whenever a mass-shooting occurs that new bill magically appears to try to take advantage of people's emotions. I'm not fooled it was sitting in a desk drawer somewhere waiting to be taken out when the situation is right. It make me shudder to think what other kinds of bills they have tucked away to take advantage of crisis situations and make changes without rational debate. Prime example is the Patriot Act. Does anyone really think that hadn't been drafted far in advance to grant various 3 letter agencies their wish list. Another was the business with Apple and the FBI. The FBI was waiting for an excuse to try to get Apple to be compelled to open phones for them.",
"This standard does exist and is called Vicarious Liability.\n\nTake this example: Car A rear ends Car B. The occupants of Car B are injured. The injured persons file a lawsuit, but not against the driver of Car A, but instead they want to sue the Owner of Car A who was not present at the time.\n\nThe injured persons claim that the owners allowed the driver to use the car even though they knew the driver was a risk to other users on the road. This therefore makes them vicariously liable for the dangerous actions of the driver of Car A.\n\nWhy sue the owners? In this case it is likely due to the fact the owner is Tom Hanks and has a lot more money than his son Chet (this is a true and current story).\n\nIn the case of gun manufacturers, again it may be about money, but also a way to hopefully enact social or policy change against gun manufacturers who are allegedly marketing weapons not suited to domestic consumers.",
"Because they want to ban guns. They can't do that in the USA because of the pesky thing called the Constitution. So they want to bankrupt them out of business.",
"People are utterly missing the point. \n\nIn the US, it is perfectly legal to kill some one in self defense within reason using a firearm. That makes gunnownership and non-sport use of a firearm legal. Case law in the US had laid down that \"guns don't kill people, people kill people\" so gun manufacturers are not responsible for the actions of their users because their intended use is constitutionally protected. They are further not responuble for criminal possession and use, because they themselves committed no crime. \n\nPeople arguing for the prosecution of gun manufacturers do not agree with the legal status and protection of gun manufacturers and wish to change this. In the US law often is most easily changed through case law. Extenuating circumstances may also make prosecutor or complaintant's case valid, such as improper procedure on the part of a manufacturer or seller."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
d8y9r0
|
why does it take so long to know while eating when you’re full? why does it seem like it takes a while for your brain to catch up on how full you really are?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/d8y9r0/eli5_why_does_it_take_so_long_to_know_while/
|
{
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"f1djgg1",
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"text": [
"We evolved under conditions where food was scarce. When excess calories are available, we are programmed to each as much as we can, because they might not be any food tomorrow. It takes time for the physical sensation of overeating to catch up to the brain's desire to prepare for the future.",
"The sense of being full is a complex thing. It has to do with your body sensing physical stretching of the stomach, detecting blood sugar rising, and detecting hormones release as the intestines begin to absorb nutrients. These things take a bit of time, in particular the hormone and sugar detection, and so it can be a few minutes of lag before your brain decides that you are full. This is why it is recommended that you eat slowly as you will actually eat a smaller volume of food before the sugar levels and hormones signal that you are full compared to if you eat very quickly and basically just rely on the stomach stretching to capacity.",
"A new (well, not so new) slant on this is that aspartame (the main ingredient in many artificial sweetners) inhibits your bodies functional ability to do the things mentioned in the other posts, thus making you more prone to overeat."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2ovbl7
|
if diamonds have such a low resell value, why don't 2nd hand diamonds massively undercut the price of new diamonds? and in turn driven up the price of second hand diamond or destroyed the price of diamonds?
|
I just watched this collage humour video: _URL_0_ and its left me thinking, why hasn't capitalism sorted itself out? Surely the market must be full of cheaper, second hand diamonds, that are identical in quality to those dug out the ground.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ovbl7/eli5_if_diamonds_have_such_a_low_resell_value_why/
|
{
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"text": [
"Diamonds have never been rare or otherwise difficult to procure to actually drive up costs, its just a small market of producers who control the prices that keep them artificially high. \n\nThat and tell your wife her previous engagement ring has a used diamond in it and see where that gets you. ",
"Resell value is low because they are overpriced anyway. A jeweler also isnt going to give you top dollar for a diamond because they can get them so much cheaper. So, usually when someone sells an old ring or something on craigslist its offered for a little more than what the jeweler is willing to pay.",
"I have a friend that's a diamond wholesaler. He buys diamonds in bulk from different places and resells them either alone or placed in a setting. Usually at prices 1/3 - 1/2 of retail. One thing he said to me that always stuck is \"there is no such thing as a used diamond\". Diamonds don't have mileage or age issues. \n\nThe market is definitely full of cheaper diamonds, that are identical to retail store ones, you just have to know where to look. Resell value is only low in comparison to retail value. Diamonds are a luxury item and people pay for what they perceive items are worth. That perceived worth is controlled by corporations and marketing. You can blame the 1948 DeBeers campaign of \"A diamond is forever\" for that. ",
"Don't mistake the cost of diamonds with the cost of diamond jewellery, especially engagement and wedding rings.\n\nThere is great symbolic significance to this kind of jewelery, and people are willing to pay a premium for something new and perceived to be unique. At the same time, there is very little demand for someone else's engagement ring.",
"Part of it is the same reason people buy a name brand item over an identical, cheaper generic item. Are you sure they are identical? If you are not really sure you might gamble on cheap cereal, but not that cheap heart medicine. Most people know crap about diamonds, so they can only judge the good from the bad based on cost. ",
"The problem is that fake diamonds are easy to obtain and to the non-jeweler, almost impossible to differentiate. This makes it easy for someone to sell you a fake diamond. Going to a reputable dealer eliminates the risk.",
"May be off topic, but I have heard that there's a diamond mine in Russia that is purposely not being mined so that they don't oversaturate the market with diamonds. I can't find a source though. \n\n*Source: [Wired article](_URL_0_)\n\n[Forbes article](_URL_2_)\n\n[Wikipedia article about the site](_URL_1_)\n\n*Fuck you to anyone that downvoted me without looking into it ",
"Diamonds are a scam anyway, all built on marketing and control, they don't have a true value.",
"Are not lab diamonds exactly the same and natural diamonds?",
"ELI5: Where to buy second hand diamonds for cheap and get them set at a store?",
"Professional diamond dealer here. The thing to remember isn't that there's \"no such thing as a used diamond,\" it's that there's no such thing as a NEW diamond! All natural diamonds are millions of years old! And the fact that a diamond has been carried around on someone else's finger for a while changes nothing about the stone. So, like other commodities (gold, etc.), diamonds don't depreciate with use.\n\nNow, JEWELRY, on the other hand, is a different story. Once a ring has been worn for even a short while, sings of that wear start to appear. In many cases, a ring will require extensive restoration to return it to \"new\" condition, and quite frequently, it just can't be done.\n\nSo, to get to the heart of the matter, how do you pay \"used\" prices without the stigma of a \"used\" stone? It's simple - find a dealer (rather than retail store) and don't pay the retail markup! I buy diamonds from all sorts of different sources (traditional \"from the mine,\" estates, second hand, etc.), and I don't distinguish among supply channels when I set my pricing. The diamond is worth what it's worth, regardless of where I got it.\n\nAs a final thought, what your jeweler paid for a stone, or where he/she got it, really shouldn't be of any concern to you. All you need to care about is how much YOU are paying for it, and whether you are happy with the price. Sometimes I sell diamonds at a loss (when I realize I've overpaid for a stone, when the market changes and a stone loses value, when I need to liquidate so I can buy something else, etc.). This certainly isn't my customer's problem! Likewise, if I get a particularly good deal on a stone, that doesn't reduce its value."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"http://youtu.be/N5kWu1ifBGU"
] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-09/18/russian-diamond-smorgasbord",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popigai_crater",
"http://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2012/09/18/is-the-diamond-market-about-to-collapse-over-huge-russian-find/"
],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
3vk39z
|
why are all(?) online translation services so flawed? what makes certain languages so illogical when translated?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3vk39z/eli5_why_are_all_online_translation_services_so/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cxo67nk"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"Languages are not as simple as x=x. think of some words that have multiple meanings attached to them, when translating you have to pick a specific definition. Sentence structure also varies, imagine a language that has a structure like yoda speak, now you have to move words to match the structure of the new language"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
21lnll
|
what is medicaid and hmos and how do they relate? i'm completely clueless.
|
Unfortunately, I never had the incentive to read upon any news/information on healthcare. As a student, I just knew it was included in my tuition, mandated because I was a full time student with no insurance otherwise. So as a recent graduate [23F], I feel ashamed that I haven't informed myself about health insurance, or healthcare in general. I took my insurance for granted as a student. So I just finished school and my insurance obviously expired, but I signed up for health coverage through ~~ObamaCare~~ _URL_0_ and I feel safe now. I just would like to know more about NJFamilyCare, Medicare, Medicaid, ObamaCare, HMOs, and how they relate. I know I'm asking for a lot of information, but I'm a bit overwhelmed and don't know where to start. I would really appreciate a small brief explanation on the matter. Again, I am completely clueless.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/21lnll/eli5_what_is_medicaid_and_hmos_and_how_do_they/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cge8h8q"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I recently had HMOs ELI5'd for me, and basically it's similar to PPO.\n\nThe biggest difference is that HMO insurance plans are much cheaper, and require you to have a certain doctor in mind from the insurance company's network when signing up. If you need to see another specialist, you have to get a referral from your doctor. For a PPO, you have more flexibility but higher premiums."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"www.healthcare.gov"
] |
[
[]
] |
|
2x2yix
|
if sleep grants such grand benefit in regeneration and healing why don't people who are injured or sick just constantly take naps?
|
Also why dont people in comas heal faster?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2x2yix/eli5_if_sleep_grants_such_grand_benefit_in/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cowfert"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"They do. People who are injured or sick can, should, and do get more sleep. It's very important and it does speed up the healing process a lot.\n\nA coma is not sleep. A coma is caused by damage to the brain which prevents consciousness. Depending on the type of damage, a person in a coma may actually have periods where they are \"awake\" and \"asleep\" based on brain activity, even if they are never awake awake."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
6ef1jc
|
what would be a logical argument against the paris climate agreement, and why would one want to withdraw from it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6ef1jc/eli5what_would_be_a_logical_argument_against_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
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2
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"text": [
"Here are a few:\n\nIt's non binding \n\nEach nation sets their own targets\n\nIt's insufficient to meet the goal of 2C global warming \n\nIt requires money from developed nations to be given to developing nations \n\nIt doesn't ban new coal fired plants \n\n\nThere's a lot more information if you ask google but to sum it up from the perspective of the US we are expected to make sacrifices and give money to other countries in return there is no promise that those countries stick to their targets and even if they do, those targets are insufficient ",
"Thank you all for the quality comments everyone! I am reading through all of them and they give some quality insights into the situation."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
kux7e
|
how college courses and majors work?
|
Hey guys, I'm just confused about the whole thing. Do you apply and declare your major, or do they put all freshmen in a standard set of classes and let you choose later? How do you get classes if they aren't directed to you major?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/kux7e/eli5_how_college_courses_and_majors_work/
|
{
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"There are general courses that everyone needs to take; stuff like lower level math courses, basic sciences and English. You pretty much don't have to choose a major until after your first year of college and even then people switch majors pretty often.",
"This is *massively* different to the UK system. We only take classes directly related to our degree course, which we choose when applying. Some courses have space to take a class per semester in anything you choose, but if you study English, you will only have lectures in English. You'll get a choice in which English classes you take, but the courses are very focused.\n\nI studied French and Spanish with European Politics, and because I had two 'Honours' (main subjects), I had no chance to take classes in anything else. There was no Maths, English, or Science for me. Consequently, I'm applying for jobs with Numerical Reasoning tests, and getting my arse handed to me because I haven't done any maths since 2005...",
"It is very dependent on your college, but here's how it works in general:\n\nYou don't have to declare a major right away and you get to pick your own schedule. However, you are given a list of criteria you must fulfill before you can graduate. The criteria consist of 2 things: distribution requirements or general education and your major.\n\nThe distribution requirements or general education requirements are simply a guideline of classes everyone in your college must take, regardless of major. Some courses may be mandatory, such as Intro to English Writing or Intro to Statistics. Other courses must be anything you want from a list of approved courses. For example, a school may require a certain number of credits from social science courses. (A credit is a value assigned to a class based on how much time you must spend in it. In general, classes are 3 credits per semester and 4 credits if the class includes a lab. A typical semester contains about 15 credits.) To fulfill that requirement, you may just have to take any class of your choice that falls in a department your school recognizes as a social science department.\n\nFor majors, your requirements vary based on what you select as your major. For example, if you're a biology major, you may have to take Intro Biology, Intro Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physics, a math class of your choice, and X number of credits from a list of approved courses. I just used biology as an example since it's what I'm studying.\n\nPlease note that just about every school has its gen ed requirements posted clearly online and if you want to know requirements for a major at a particular school, you can probably either find it online as well, or you can get a quick answer by emailing the school. ",
"There are general courses that everyone needs to take; stuff like lower level math courses, basic sciences and English. You pretty much don't have to choose a major until after your first year of college and even then people switch majors pretty often.",
"This is *massively* different to the UK system. We only take classes directly related to our degree course, which we choose when applying. Some courses have space to take a class per semester in anything you choose, but if you study English, you will only have lectures in English. You'll get a choice in which English classes you take, but the courses are very focused.\n\nI studied French and Spanish with European Politics, and because I had two 'Honours' (main subjects), I had no chance to take classes in anything else. There was no Maths, English, or Science for me. Consequently, I'm applying for jobs with Numerical Reasoning tests, and getting my arse handed to me because I haven't done any maths since 2005...",
"It is very dependent on your college, but here's how it works in general:\n\nYou don't have to declare a major right away and you get to pick your own schedule. However, you are given a list of criteria you must fulfill before you can graduate. The criteria consist of 2 things: distribution requirements or general education and your major.\n\nThe distribution requirements or general education requirements are simply a guideline of classes everyone in your college must take, regardless of major. Some courses may be mandatory, such as Intro to English Writing or Intro to Statistics. Other courses must be anything you want from a list of approved courses. For example, a school may require a certain number of credits from social science courses. (A credit is a value assigned to a class based on how much time you must spend in it. In general, classes are 3 credits per semester and 4 credits if the class includes a lab. A typical semester contains about 15 credits.) To fulfill that requirement, you may just have to take any class of your choice that falls in a department your school recognizes as a social science department.\n\nFor majors, your requirements vary based on what you select as your major. For example, if you're a biology major, you may have to take Intro Biology, Intro Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physics, a math class of your choice, and X number of credits from a list of approved courses. I just used biology as an example since it's what I'm studying.\n\nPlease note that just about every school has its gen ed requirements posted clearly online and if you want to know requirements for a major at a particular school, you can probably either find it online as well, or you can get a quick answer by emailing the school. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
nvjrc
|
why the usps is in such dire straits.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/nvjrc/eli5_why_the_usps_is_in_such_dire_straits/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c3c9h88",
"c3capx1",
"c3c9h88",
"c3capx1"
],
"score": [
25,
8,
25,
8
],
"text": [
"It's pretty simple really. People are sending less mail. Instead of sending a letter, people are using E-mail or texting small messages. Instead of sending documents, they can be scanned and attached to E-mails or Faxed.\n\nLess mail means less revenue and they can no longer support, nor need, the size of operation they once had. So they need to downsize, which is always a painful process, and charge those that DO still use their services more for them.\n\nThe USPS is really quite remarkable. They're a hybrid Private/Public organization. And when I say hybrid I mean they take the WORST aspects of either. They're required to run as efficiently as private company paying all their own bills, while also holding very little power to make any of their own decisions (Congress does that, and you know how well they problem solve). Yet they can still pick up a letter up from my door and had deliver it to my Aunt's door who lives in Florida. In two days. **For 44 cents!**",
"In addition to the longer-term reasons:\n\n**1) less mail sent;** instead more emailing, electronic billing trend(bigger problem)\n\n**2) USPS = mostly letters** (shrinking) & **FedEx/UPS=packages** (growing)\n\nThe more immediate problem is:\n\n**3)Pension overpayment**\n\nBy law, the USPS has to prepay pension healthcare. They have overpaid by $75Billion, with a 'B' [pdf source](_URL_0_). Scumbag congress needs to write a new law so they can get the money back.",
"It's pretty simple really. People are sending less mail. Instead of sending a letter, people are using E-mail or texting small messages. Instead of sending documents, they can be scanned and attached to E-mails or Faxed.\n\nLess mail means less revenue and they can no longer support, nor need, the size of operation they once had. So they need to downsize, which is always a painful process, and charge those that DO still use their services more for them.\n\nThe USPS is really quite remarkable. They're a hybrid Private/Public organization. And when I say hybrid I mean they take the WORST aspects of either. They're required to run as efficiently as private company paying all their own bills, while also holding very little power to make any of their own decisions (Congress does that, and you know how well they problem solve). Yet they can still pick up a letter up from my door and had deliver it to my Aunt's door who lives in Florida. In two days. **For 44 cents!**",
"In addition to the longer-term reasons:\n\n**1) less mail sent;** instead more emailing, electronic billing trend(bigger problem)\n\n**2) USPS = mostly letters** (shrinking) & **FedEx/UPS=packages** (growing)\n\nThe more immediate problem is:\n\n**3)Pension overpayment**\n\nBy law, the USPS has to prepay pension healthcare. They have overpaid by $75Billion, with a 'B' [pdf source](_URL_0_). Scumbag congress needs to write a new law so they can get the money back."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.uspsoig.gov/foia_files/FT-MA-10-002.pdf"
],
[],
[
"http://www.uspsoig.gov/foia_files/FT-MA-10-002.pdf"
]
] |
||
296a44
|
how did the hollywood silencer come about?
|
Especially considering since they were first invented they did absolutely NOTHING like the movies portrayed them. So who thought of the idea saying "Hey! Let's attach this suppressor! Makes every bullet quiet!"
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/296a44/eli5how_did_the_hollywood_silencer_come_about/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cihu1ak",
"cihu8hy",
"cihu91a"
],
"score": [
4,
6,
2
],
"text": [
"Movies are made to tell stories. A story tends to be much more dramatic when tools can be made to fit the needs of the story. Dramatic movies generally do far better than documentaries. \n\nIt's not just siliencers, elite troops always failing to hit the hero; grenades and explosives generally to meet the needs of the story; and not needing to consider normal human needs (eating, restroom breaks, etc) nearly often enough are some of many ways films adjust the world to their stories. ",
"It's like in the movie Thank You For Smoking. They want to make a movie that has a smoking actor in a space shuttle. One guy asks \"wouldn't that be dangerous on a shuttle\" and the smoking marketing guy says \"No we just have the actor say 'thank god for the ___ device'\". ",
"It is (was, really, it's becoming less prevalent) a convenient story-telling device to show that a particular gun-toting character was a step-up from others. Not some street-tough or ganger, and not a cop or a federal agent, a badass, probably an assassin or something. The guy who pulls a suppressor out of his pocket and screws it on is probably the one to watch out for in movies of this era."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
15aqzo
|
snri vs. ssri
|
Can someone explain the difference between how selective seratonin reputake inhibitors (SSRI) and seratonin norepinephrin reputake inhibitors (SNRI) work? These are both antidepressant drugs, the one I'm prescribed is an SNRI because I had a bad reaction to an SSRI in the past.
I've taken a year of college inorganic chemistry and a year of college organic/biochemistry, but it's still a little bit beyond my ability to understand from what I've read so far. I'm looking to understand how they work to treat depression which may lend itself to the chemistry behind clinical depression in the first place... Resources are also appreciated.
Thank you !
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/15aqzo/eli5_snri_vs_ssri/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c7kukmc"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"SSRI's block the transporters taking serotonin back into the presynaptic membrane at the synapse. This means they constantly activate the receptors that they lock onto on the next synapse. This then activates the next synapse and the increased serotonin release is associated with pleasure such as when we eat, have sex and certain drugs have this effect. \n\nThese have been shown to be effective in treating depression but it still has not been proved that a serotonin deficiency actually causes depression, although it is a widely accepted hypothesis. a serotonin deficiency can also be caused by many things. genetically people might create more serotonin or may simply be affected less by serotonin due to weaker neurotransmitter activation. \n\nSNRI's work in the exactly same fashion but they also inhibit the reuptake of noradrenaline or norephinephrine. \n\nnot sure if i really answered you question but thought it might help"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
26sw8i
|
why do humans and other animals get annoyed?
|
What evolutionary benefit does getting annoyed or frustrated provide?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26sw8i/eli5_why_do_humans_and_other_animals_get_annoyed/
|
{
"a_id": [
"chu5brw"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It must be some trait that helped us somewhere along the way on evolution. Getting anoyed shows dominance, and gives perspective on wether a situation is convenient for you or isn't. Nowadays it's not a need to survive, but imagine hundreds of thousands of years ago when the dominant male was the one who got the female. Not an expert on the subject, but is kinda my two cents."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
uz3wa
|
the difference between decibels and hertz.
|
I understand that one is referring to a matter of magnitude, but I think this subject could benefit from being explained in an easier to digest manner.
Edit: If Hertz measure the rate at which the waves arrive at a point, then what do Decibels measure? If it is the volume or level of sound then how is this perceived by scientist with instruments such as the Oscilloscope?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/uz3wa/eli5_the_difference_between_decibels_and_hertz/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c4zunbw",
"c4zv0c5",
"c4zz5op"
],
"score": [
3,
2,
4
],
"text": [
"Being a musician, Hertz is the \"pitch\" or the frequency, Decibels is the actual measurement of volume, or level of sound",
"Hertz is literally \"the number of times per second something happens.\" So 10 Hz means \"something happened at a rate of ten times per second.\"\n\nA \"decibel\" is measurement unit for the strength of a signal. It's used for both audio and radio signal strengths. The scale is logarithmic, so each 10 dB is actually a 3.162 times increase in the magnitude of the signal. See _URL_0_",
"Sound is produced by making the air vibrate. The air is pushed then pulled then pushed again etc. several times per second.\n\nThere are several things that define a specific sound, but two of these things are: \n\n**How hard it pushes and pulls the air.**\n\nThe harder the air is pushed, the louder the sound will be. The loudness of a sound can be measured in decibels. In the decibel scale for sound, we can say basically that the perceived loudness doubles each time you add 10dB. [Here is a chart](_URL_0_) which can give you an idea of how loud various decibel values would sound.\n\n**How often it pushes and pulls the air.**\n\nThe faster the air vibrates, the higher the pitch of the sound. This frequency of vibration is measured in Hertz. Hertz is a unit that means \"per second\". A sound that is pushed and pulled 500 times per second is at 500Hz. A sound that is pushed and pulled 5000 times per second is at 5000Hz, and will be perceived as a higher pitch. We can hear in the range between 20 and 20,000 Hz (this varies from people to people but it's a range you'll often find in the specifications of headphones).\n\nTo put both of these in relation with a common item, you can use a piano. The key you choose to hit will control the pitch of the sound: low pitch (low hertz) on the left of the keyboard, high pitch (high hertz) on the right. And for that given key, the harder you hit it, the louder the note. That's a change in decibels.\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel"
],
[
"http://www.gcaudio.com/resources/howtos/loudness.html"
]
] |
|
2i70h2
|
how does the wifi in the new chevy cars work? i mean they have to be using a wireless network right?
|
Who pays for the data? Is it built into the price of the car or does the dealership or manufacturer have a deal with the carriers?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2i70h2/eli5_how_does_the_wifi_in_the_new_chevy_cars_work/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ckzetiw",
"ckzevwc",
"ckzhiz6",
"ckzoagd"
],
"score": [
33,
12,
11,
2
],
"text": [
"The car has a computer that connects to the cellular data network. This computer then acts as a router and shares the connection out over wifi. The wifi is locked down so only people you want to connect can connect.",
"It's an inbuilt AT & T 4G LTE mobile data device. It requires a data plan, just like a MiFi or similar would.\n\n_URL_0_",
"It's no different than a mobile hotspot adapter you can pick up at any wireless store.\n\nWhat I don't like is how they market this. People see WiFi and think of their wireless speeds at home. That's not what they'll be getting in their Chevy though....",
"I know for Scions, if you get the optional radio package to include internet radio, it is built into the price of the car for a year, then it is a monthly subscription after that.\n\nMy guess, something similar, since I know OnStar goes subscription based after you've had your car for a year or two."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.onstar.com/us/en/4glte/"
],
[],
[]
] |
|
1rgvf0
|
why do so many people lose their eyesight relatively early in life and need to wear glasses or contacts?
|
The human body for the most part is fine tuned by evolutionary pressures over eons to be optimized for survival. Wouldn't genes for bad eyesight be some of the first to be weeded out? Is there something in our modern environment that causes people to lose their eyesight?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rgvf0/eli5_why_do_so_many_people_lose_their_eyesight/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cdn4z6i"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Evolutionary pressure isn't about survival, it's about breeding. If you lose your eyesight after you've already successfully had offspring then evolution has no pressure to work on. Plus, perfect eyesight, as much as you can say for people, wasn't that much of a big deal before the invention of writing. Even without perfect vision you could still tell an apple was an apple, that an elephant was an elephant, etc. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
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