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d4pzjh
|
how does a pc know the temperature of everything in the pc? does it have thermometers in every component? i want to know the gpu and cpu the most.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/d4pzjh/eli5_how_does_a_pc_know_the_temperature_of/
|
{
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"text": [
"The motherboard measures the CPU temperature using a thermistor — an electronic component whole resistance changes with temperature.\n\nA GPU has its own thermistor on board.",
"The very short answer is yes, the vital components, such as CPU, GPU, sometimes also the motherboard and HDD have small thermometers that allow not only for monitoring the temperature, but also prevent damages from overheating.",
"Most computers now have temperature sensors at least on the CPU, and often the DIMMs. Then there will sometimes be one or more temperature sensors on the motherboard. Disk drives too can have them. The GPU will probably have one one or more as well. A file server can have dozens of fan, temperature, voltage sensors on board. These are usually connected via an i2c bus (LM75 Temperature Sensor)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
9p254h
|
assuming you know every location of every little blood vessel in your body - would it be possible to cut yourself right between them to create an open wound that doesn't bleed?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9p254h/eli5_assuming_you_know_every_location_of_every/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e7yffvv"
],
"score": [
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],
"text": [
"No, your blood vessels divide into smaller vessels, into capillaries. Its like an almost infinite tree, the smallest capillaries are only a few cells wide.\n\nThe distance between adjacent capillaries is less than a hundredth of a millimetre. They also overlap. Imagine like tree roots. You couldn't cut a trench through a forest without cutting at least one tiny root. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
2deo9i
|
why does my scale say i weigh more on a carpet than on a hard surface?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2deo9i/eli5_why_does_my_scale_say_i_weigh_more_on_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cjorzmv",
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],
"score": [
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"text": [
"The carpet is not a stable surface, allowing the scale to tilt and your feet to apply pressure in ways not intended to be measured. This throws off the calibration on the scale.",
"[New Scientist had an article on this](_URL_0_)\n\nInside one design of scale, there is a lever arm that gets pushed. The length of the lever arm is very important to the accuracy of the measurement. The problem is that the body of the scale can bend under load which causes the lever arm to effectively get shorter. On a soft surface the carpet can support the underside of the sale and reduce this bending which leaves a longer lever arm and a greater weight reading (up to 10%). \n\nYou can calibrate the scale for either case, but arguably the carpet is better. The amount of bending of the body of the scale changes based on the weight of the person standing on the scale, so it makes many scales impossible to accurately calibrate for more than a small range or weights. The carpet reduces the bending so should make this work better. The problem is most scales come calibrated for a hard floor so that reading is probably more accurate.\n\nThere can also be other factors. Some scales have the force gauges on each foot. This means that if there is a sideways pressure on the foot it can bind and under-measure the weight. This type of binding is more common on carpeted floors.\n\nP.S. It has nothing to do with some of the weight going to compress the carpet. Even if the carpet gets compressed the scale still needs to support your full weight so it measures the same force."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2462-people-weigh-less-on-a-hard-surface.html#.U-t0COMnp8E"
]
] |
||
egyti8
|
how does a urinalysis prove marijuana use?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/egyti8/eli5_how_does_a_urinalysis_prove_marijuana_use/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fcb0fn4"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"When you ingest marijuana one way or another your body will break it down. The test looks for the proteins your body creates when it metabolizes the THC, not THC itself."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
2g4igx
|
why do some chef's knives cost so much? why is japanese steel considered so much better? is it really impossible to "perfect" a knife?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2g4igx/eli5_why_do_some_chefs_knives_cost_so_much_why_is/
|
{
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"ckfjcmr",
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"text": [
"The difficult thing is to have steel that can be honed to a fine edge, and have it able to hold that edge for many cuts of things of varying hardness. \n\nWhen knives are made out of cheap steel and without much care, they aren't balance well either. A good chef's knife will almost float in your hand as you're chopping and using it. A cheap knife will feel clumsy and sloppy. \n\nJapanese steel has been famous for a long time. Their craftsman have been making steel blades for generations and have developed some great techniques for doing so. \n\nI don't know what a perfect knife would be. ",
"Japanese steel isn't the best. They still make good stuff, but there is not single place that makes the best steel. With the advent of modern metallurgy and the sharing of knowledge, everyone is on an even playing field and the Japanese never were the best in terms of steel quality. The Indians and middle east has that one in regards to steel of antiquity. As for cost, materials and craftsmanship. Its really that simple. In regards to the perfect knife, define what perfect is. There is no single objective best knife because the capabilities will vary form taks to task. Even within the realm of cooking, an 8\" Santoku will be great at general food processing, but fall behind something like a paring knife for cutting certain things, or not do as well as a filet knife for fileting fish. And similarly, those two knives wont do as well as the santoku for other things. To summarize, the Japanese make excellent knives with good steel, but aren't necessarily the best because that doesn't exist. Some knives cost what they do because of the materials and craftsmanship that goes into each, just like everything else. The perfect knife does not exist due to the huge number of variables that go into making each one. What is perfect for one person can be totally off for another. ",
"I'm not sure Japanese knives are considered better. (Maybe on Reddit, where there are a lot of Asian fetishists...)\n\nThe two main styles are German and Japanese, iirc. I believe German style knives are sharpened to a ~22 degree angle and are a little more heavy duty. Japanese knives are sharper, like 15 degrees, and are a bit more delicate. People prefer one or the other for various reasons."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
9nqo63
|
is it possible to inject pure dopamime into your bloodstream to feel good?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9nqo63/eli5_is_it_possible_to_inject_pure_dopamime_into/
|
{
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"e7obpow",
"e7obyhm"
],
"score": [
4,
3
],
"text": [
"No it isn't for the simple reason that dopamine can't cross the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier is a protective membrane that separates blood circulating through the brain from the surrounding tissue. Only very specific molecules can get through this membrane and dopamine is one of the many that can't. ",
"Kind of. The first time you do methamphetamine, your brain produces more dopamine than it can ever produce again. This gives us the concept of \"chasing the high.\"\n\nI learned this in Psych 101 a couple years ago so you can feel comfortable in the assumption that reality is more complex than I have described."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
4c8qcz
|
did hunter/gatherers have any sense of conservation?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4c8qcz/eli5_did_huntergatherers_have_any_sense_of/
|
{
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"d1g0aoc",
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"text": [
"Conservation was not an issue. Depending on which group there would be variations in diet based on their geographical location, the seasons of the year, migrations of animal, plant life in their immediate area. As hunter/gathers usually can not move very fast (no or few domestic animals for transportation) their prey could more likely escape and thus limit their catch. Also most had limited technology to improve their chances of catching game. Though some groups like the Ihalmiut did manage to kill off large numbers of fur bearing animals when they were introduced to firearms and the fur trade. This in turn caused their own demise due to loss of traditional hunting techniques/ tools, and loss of game. The real loss of game though was another First Nations group further to south whom also took part in fur trade.",
"They did not, and there is actually evidence that such societies *did* over-hunt and over-use areas, and had to then move away to another area. Conservation is actually a very, very recent concept in the context of Human history. ",
"Not likely, hunter/gathers spent most of their time just barely getting the food necessary to survive. As they transititioned to farmers, maybe that's when they had an incentive to save seeds, replant, or save the plant/livestock from total destruction. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
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||
3717ye
|
how does dog breeding work? how do 'pointer dogs' know instinctively to point at things? how do 'herding dogs' know instinctively how to corral sheep and/or people?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3717ye/eli5_how_does_dog_breeding_work_how_do_pointer/
|
{
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],
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2
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"text": [
"It works through artificial selection, i.e., making the best dogs reproduce, the same way you would do if you wanted to breed larger dogs. Instincts are inherited same as physical traits.\n\nWhile dogs are trained in order to improve their pointing and can be taught to point to an extent, natural ability is much more relevant for them than it is for humans.",
"All the behaviours that dog breeds have are present in wolves and were presumably present in dogs' wild ancestors (which may not have been exactly wolves but pretty close). Wild dogs sometimes point at prey so the rest of the pack can see it. Wild dogs also chase and round up their prey to take it down. \n\nThese behaviours have been emphasised in different breeds by centuries of selective breeding for these particular traits. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
5dlb2r
|
why is it people believe that if a nuclear bomb was used by any given nation, that it would end in world destruction?
|
If the DPRK or Israel or any other nation used a nuke against another nation, how exactly would that end with a mass nuclear war? Wouldn't it be in the best interest of the other nuclear armed nations to use non-nuclear responses?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5dlb2r/eli5_why_is_it_people_believe_that_if_a_nuclear/
|
{
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"text": [
"It's because those people are stuck in cold war thinking. Mutually Assured Destruction does not apply to the DPKR or Israel, they simply don't have enough firepower. If the DPRK fires a nuke it'll kill a lot of people, and the resulting war will be pretty terrible. But it won't result in a global Armageddon.\n\nThe only reasonable way for things to escalate to mutually assured destruction is when the DPRK fires a nuke, and China+Russia side with the DPKR in the resulting conflict. In that case things could escalate to a global nuclear exchange. But China and Russia know that, so they wouldn't side with the DPKR.",
"You are probably right, although the most likely tarket of DPRK would be South Korea and there would be heavy pressure to respond in kind. The most worrisome situation is between Pakistan and India since they are both nuclear armed.",
"The Idea behind global annihilation regarding Nuclear weapons was always the assumption that if anyone nation fired, then each of that nations allies would follow suit.\n\nBefore long, everyone who had nuclear weapons would be launching them and we'd all be buggered.\n\nMostly. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
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|
2pm3ln
|
the difference between eau de parfum and eau de toilette?
|
I was looking at [Chanel perfume](_URL_0_) today and I noticed they had the same perfume in both varieties. Is one better than the other?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2pm3ln/eli5_the_difference_between_eau_de_parfum_and_eau/
|
{
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"cmxxsv6"
],
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"text": [
"Parfum Grand Extrait is about 40% fragrance. It is for the very wealthy.\n\nEau de Parfum is about 20% fragrance. It is for the upper class.\n\nEau de Toilette is about 10% fragrance. It is for the middle class.\n\nThough some lines will use \"parfum\" and \"toilette\" interchangeably, so it's not exactly a rule that one is better than the other. It's more of a tradition."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"http://www.chanel.com/en_US/fragrance-beauty/COCO-MADEMOISELLE-136299"
] |
[
[]
] |
|
3jjsaf
|
iran deal: if the un is going to lift sanctions anyway, why would iran agree to this deal?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3jjsaf/eli5_iran_deal_if_the_un_is_going_to_lift/
|
{
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"cuptmlg"
],
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],
"text": [
"The UN doesn't have the power to compel nations to lift their own sanctions. If a country is just following the UN sanctions, then that would work. But many countries (such as the US) have their own sanctions against Iran that have nothing to do with the UN. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
3a0nff
|
what causes computer bugs?
|
I know most bugs are errors in code. And can be recreated and solved.
But sometimes whether I cam playing a video game, browsing various websites, using certain software, ect. Random "Hiccups" will happen. Sometimes these hiccups only happen once, and can't be recreated, ect. What causes these "one time" type of bugs.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3a0nff/eli5_what_causes_computer_bugs/
|
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"Write a simple program to open a text file, and change it to all upper case. The program is made up of instructions like the one below.\n\nFileContent = File.Open(\"MyFile.txt\");\n\n\nBut!!! what if \"MyFile.txt\" does not exist. The program will try to read it, and crash because it does not exist. THAT is a bug. The bug exists because the person who wrote the program forgot to check if \"MyFile.txt\" exists before attempting to read.",
"Computers are dumb. In general they will do exactly what you tell them repetitively, over and over again, and will produce the same result with the same data.\n\nSometimes though it doesn't look like they are behaving this way and some \"randomness\" is seen. One example might be something called a \"race condition\". \n\nA race condition can occur when a program is using different threads which share data between them. Threads are a way of a computer program trying to do two things at once. The computer will keep swapping between each thread and doing a little bit of work on each one so that to the user it looks as if two things are happening. \n\nThe swapping between threads isn't necessarily predictable so it can be the case that one thread has altered some data in a way that the other thread doesn't expect. This can cause a bug. But when you run the program the next time the operating system might schedule the threads differently and you might not get the same bug, because this time thread 2 won the race to the data. ",
" > Sometimes these hiccups only happen once, and can't be recreated, ect\n\nThey are not. The way to recreate them is simply very very specific to the point that it looks random."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
24fn94
|
why are colours often associated with gender?
|
For example, why is pink considered a girly colour?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/24fn94/eli5_why_are_colours_often_associated_with_gender/
|
{
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"ch6ny66",
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"text": [
"I don't remember where I read it but it was apparently a result of early 20th century marketing. The same as how eating bacon and eggs were only associated with breakfast after a huge marketing campaign by some major company. ",
"Pink is actually a great example. Prior to WWII pink was actually considered a more masculine color worn by both men and women. But then during the Holocaust, much the same way Jews were forced to wear yellow stars, homosexuals were given pink triangles. Ever since then pink triangles have become a symbol of gay rights and pink in general has been viewed as a more effeminate color."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
2ltekh
|
when people snort drugs where do they go?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2ltekh/eli5_when_people_snort_drugs_where_do_they_go/
|
{
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"text": [
"There are alot of blood vessels close to the surface in the sinus cavity. It's just a faster route to the blood stream",
"We have a lot of mucus in our nasal cavities, so basically anything that is water soluble will dissolve and (as /u/popularloser says) be absorbed into the surface vessels. The rest will be swallowed or blown out with our mucus, the same way environmental dust is. Some probably ends up in the lungs, but as far as I'm aware it's not significant enough to be dangerous. The greater risk is to the nasal and throat surface.",
"Toilet cubicles normally. Or anywhere that's private where they can snort in peace. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
8ine7x
|
what is it that makes chocolate that has been lying around for a while taste 'off'?
|
I'm not talking about sweets that have actually gone bad/moldy or anything. I'm thinking of the pralines you find again after half a year that look fine and taste different somehow.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8ine7x/eli5_what_is_it_that_makes_chocolate_that_has/
|
{
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"text": [
"Chocolate oxidizes and dries out, especially if it's not kept well. It's still safe to eat, as none of it is toxic. But it throws the flavor way off. ",
"Chocolate can Bloom. \n\nBlooming is when the the chocolate gets too warm and the sugar or fat comes out of the chocolate a little and when the chocolate cools again it dries cause either a white powdery surface (sugar bloom) or a dull matte appearance (fat bloom). Neither of which is dangerous to eat it just affects the quality of the chocolate. \n\nAlso when chocolate has a high fat content it can pick up other flavors around it especially in the fridge. So always double bag your chocolate if you are storing in it the fridge or freezer. For best results let the chocolate come back to room temp in the bags. \n\nPersonally I like cold chocolate sometimes. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
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|
5z2r5w
|
how can a city be below sea level?
|
If it's below sea level wouldn't it be underwater?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5z2r5w/eli5_how_can_a_city_be_below_sea_level/
|
{
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"text": [
"Not if there's enough land between it and the sea to prevent the sea from getting to it.\n\nGo dig a hole at the beach but away from the waves - that hole is below sea level but if there's no way for the sea to reach it, it will remain dry",
"If it's on the coast, then there would have to be some barrier stopping water from getting in (maybe a small mountain). If just in the middle of a continent, then it's because the land is indented.",
"Large parts of Netherlands are below sea level, but dykes and levees along the coast hold back the sea. After they were constructed, the water behind them was pumped out. New Orleans, too. When the levees were breached, that's when the whole city flooded."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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|
5f87m4
|
what causes the telenovela effect on certain tvs? why do some tvs make all shows look like a soap opera?
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5f87m4/eli5_what_causes_the_telenovela_effect_on_certain/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dai7chm"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"A setting on the television - very good write up and notes on how to disable.\n\n_URL_0_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.cnet.com/news/what-is-the-soap-opera-effect/"
]
] |
|
5mtygc
|
why do you have to refrigerate drinks made with powder?
|
So I had this jar of pink lemonade mix, the kind where you just add quarts/liters of water and then shake it up to turn it into lemonade. On the side it said to store the drink in the fridge. My question is why is it required to store the drink chilled post mix, but fine to store the powder itself in a cabinet?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5mtygc/eli5_why_do_you_have_to_refrigerate_drinks_made/
|
{
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"dc6bu3x",
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8,
3
],
"text": [
"You refrigerate it so bacteria don't grow in it (or at least, are very slow to do so).\n\nBacteria cannot grow in dry sugar powder because they require moisture to live and reproduce. But a lot of water with some sugar is an excellent environment for bacterial growth.",
"The container the beverage is stored in is not free of bacteria or yeasts. Nor is the water that was added to the powder to make it a beverage. Both may have had safe levels. But when the sugar in the powder was added, it created a moist and nutrient rich environment to rapidly grow.\n\nRefrigeration retards the bacterial growth."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
9h9dek
|
why can't we just drink meal supplement shakes for every meal? what is missing in the supplements that we only get by chewing and eating food?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9h9dek/eli5_why_cant_we_just_drink_meal_supplement/
|
{
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"text": [
"You absolutely can!\n\nChewing is an important part in mechanically breaking down your food and saliva is the first step in chemically breaking it down. Also, a liquid food diet is typically not very varied, making it more likely to be unbalanced in certain nutrients. \n\nHowever, many people in hospitals are fed successfully through tubes. If you ate the same food with the same variety that you do now but liquidised you are unlikely to see any bad effects, at least nutritionally.\n\nThere are now a number of nutritionally-complete products available to consumers - Soylent and Huel are two - and if they are as \"complete\" as they say they are you could live a long life without ever chewing another thing.",
"What about soylent I remember seeing the creator in a few interviews couple years ago claiming you could survive drinking soylent and not eating any solid food, it's supposed to have all the vitamins, minerals, protein and calories you need. I know they've changed the recipe a little to make it a little more palatable, I think you used to buy it as a powder, but I've recently started seeing it in stores. I hate packing a lunch for work and I've gotten it a few times, I feel reasonably full after, but that doesn't really answer OPs question,most protein shakes can make you feel full for a while. But I'd be curious to hear if the claims soylent makes are true ",
"I know a number of people who have consumed nothing but liquid through a tube for many years And they are active and pretty healthy. Constipation seems to be an issue, but that’s all. Teeth stay surprisingly nice with little brushing when you don’t eat. I even know babies who have consumed nothing but IV fluids all their lives and as far as I know they are ok, but I understand it’s a relatively new technology. My child was on that and they used her for scientific study. ",
"Fruits and vegetables contain way more nutrients than we know about. Science has only identified a small fraction of the “secondary metabolites” contained in a plant. (Think lutein for tomato for example). You’d be missing out on a lot of nutrients. You could probably survive but not thrive. ",
"If I put my coke and pizza in a blender and made it into a shake, would it change the way my body processes it by not chewing / activating the saliva component? (Asking for a friend.)",
"Not only can you live on liquid as others have said, we’ve come a long way on IV nutrition as well. Just a few years ago I was saved from a full body shut down from lack of nutrition by IV nutrition. I had been so sick for so long without being able to eat anything that my cells were blowing up from having nearly 0 protein levels. The IV nutrition was pretty new and SUPER expensive so the insurance company only covered it if you’d die without it. Crazy stuff. Anyhow, if I’d gotten the same level of sick even 5 years prior, they wouldn’t have had that stuff to give me and bring me back from the brink of death with pure IV fluid nutrition. ",
"I mean if the things you don't like in life are tasty food and taking time out of your day to spend with others go right ahead.",
"There is a lot of misinformation in this thread but it honestly boils down to our inability to fully capture the nutrients of our food. We eat foods for their vitamins, minerals, enzymes all of which can be broken down and rendered useless through heat or other industrial action. Phytonutrients are nutrients we don’t even know about but are presumably known to be contained within grass fed animals and vegetables. You would definitely survive off such a diet but thrive?? Not a chance."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2e00lh
|
why don't hotels offer 24 hour check in/out service?
|
You check in, any time, and you have 24 hours to check out.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2e00lh/eli5_why_dont_hotels_offer_24_hour_check_inout/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cjupu3a",
"cjuq0ya",
"cjuqd77"
],
"score": [
3,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"This is already an option, kind of. Can't you check out early?",
"As a hotel worker I will tell you one reason is because of limited staff.",
"The primary reason is for scheduling of housekeeping and maintenance. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
aczf18
|
how do composite sketch artists go about producing an almost identical sketch of a wanted suspect?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aczf18/eli5_how_do_composite_sketch_artists_go_about/
|
{
"a_id": [
"edc7dyy"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I don’t know how all of them do it, but I did see a show where the person had a couple pages of noses, hair styles, chins.\nThen the person was able to piece together a sketch like a wanted mr potato head.\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
47i2f3
|
can anyone explain why electricity still runs on things that are just plugged in but not powered on
|
Like extension, powered off devices and other stuff just plugged in
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/47i2f3/eli5_can_anyone_explain_why_electricity_still/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d0d35w2"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Not sure if you are asking *why* as in how it functions or *why* in regards to design, so I'll try to address both. \n\nDevices with computers inside them tend to start-up faster if they are already powered on. A lot of televisions now just sleep until you hit a button on the remote. This gives you the impression that the TV is fast and functional, but in order for this to happen your device needs to be powered on, even if it isn't drawing much power. Your phone, projectors, cameras and all sorts of devices have some sort of sleep option to make it quick.\n\nAs to how something can be powered yet off, basically comes down to that the device is being powered, but only a small part of it. If your TV's power button glows when you plug it in, but doesn't actually work until you press it, then the small circuit controlling the power button it is simply a switch that powers the rest of the TV."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
96upkd
|
why are (seemingly random) rectangular chunks of asphalt cut out of newly paved highway and replaced with concrete?
|
Driving south on Interstate 35 thru Iowa there are a lot of these. They look like rectangular concrete patches, typically only in a single lane. I'll attach photos in the comments. It boggles my mind because they cut the chunks out within the first year or 2. It's not like they're fixing potholes or anything like that.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/96upkd/eli5_why_are_seemingly_random_rectangular_chunks/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e43diki"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I dont think its random, im confident that its a \"fix\" for the road breaking down. Its all over the place in the PNW "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
7mnn71
|
how come in aquariums the predators don’t gobble up the prey? are they trained not to do so?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7mnn71/eli5_how_come_in_aquariums_the_predators_dont/
|
{
"a_id": [
"drv8ny4",
"drvdsnm",
"drve9wk",
"drveu10",
"drvin48",
"drvjked",
"drvn2x5",
"drvtlzg",
"drw48sl",
"drw4c0f",
"drwawp6",
"drwy1kw"
],
"score": [
349,
30,
23,
10,
9,
8,
7,
15,
4,
6,
4,
4
],
"text": [
"Many fish will only attack when they are hungry, or won't attack fish they the don't recognize as food.\n\nA good aquarium will be curated to take both these into account, and will only contain well fed, mutually compatible species.",
"In large enough tanks, where there is a large variety of species, they sometimes do. But generally otherwise, if they're well fed, it doesn't happen too often.",
"A well fed fish is less likely to eat other fish. However, this isn't always the case and many predator type fish will in fact go after anything they can fit in their mouth. When stocking predator aquariums you do have to be careful to stock compatible tank mates, otherwise, you risk other fish/shrimp becoming a meal. Lionfish, eels, groupers are examples of saltwater fish where this applies and I've seen cichlids in freshwater eat tank mates as well.",
"Predators are evolved to get their required calories as efficiently as possible. Given the choice between the tasty, pre-killed meal the keepers give them whenever they are hungry and a live, healthy fish that can easily swim away and hide, the smart shark will take the easy meal.\n\nTo that end, you could say that the predators are \"trained\" to only eat dead food. ",
"It is rare for aquariums to put predatory fish in with their prey species. For the extreme predators they will be in an isolated take by themselves, sometimes down to a single tank for a single individual. ",
"The predators DO gobble up the prey in aquariums. Most aquariums are just mindful to keep those fish in separate tanks.",
"I've toured a few large aquariums and done some of their behind the scenes things, and most of them have a very specific system of feeding for each animal in the tanks, I believe it was Seaworld in Orlando where I saw they have charts for each animal (mostly sharks in this tank with some other smaller fish), and will put their specific food on a big pole and wait until that shark circles by, and will feed it. Then it gets recorded on the chart so the sharks are never hungry enough to go after the smaller fish. They did say very occasionally sometimes a shark will eat a display fish, but it's not very common because of their system.",
"When my students (3rd grade) asked the docent this question he asked them, “What vegetable will you never eat?”\n\n“Broccoli!” they shouted.\n\n“Well, these fish are like broccoli to the eel. He thinks they taste yucky and will never eat them.”",
"Dunno if it happens at all aquariums, but there are some that separate the predators from the prey with glass. Big fish will try to get at the little fish and fail every time. Eventually, behaviorism will kick in and the big fish won't try again, even if there's no glass. Then, they intermingle them as they like.",
"It actually also depends on the fish. It’s kind of like how you can have a dog at home that happily lives with your edible pets (rabbits, for example). The predator will always be capable of snapping and eating the prey, but whether or not they do it at that particular moment depends on how hungry they are, if the prey starts to flee and makes them chase, the predators actual temperament, etc etc. It also depends on the size difference. Fish generally won’t try to eat something that isn’t sufficiently small.\n\nAnecdote: My in laws have an Oscar (intelligent, carnivorous fish) which has its own pet feeder fish. It actually chews up its fish food and spits it for other fish to eat. It’s had them in its tank for about 8 months now - and they were put in there for it to eat, it just likes having them I guess.",
"Actually had a conversation about this with the owners of a diving center with all kinds of fish. They introduce the prey fish first, so they can start looking for hiding places, long before predators are added. They also played different sounds for different kind of feeding times, so they are trained to only group together when it's their time to eat. If the fish would all be fed together, some smaller fish would definitely disappear... ",
"I worked in an aquarium for almost 5 years. The larger predators are usually kept so fat by the staff that they have no interest in eating anything extra. \n\nIt's like during a holiday when you stuff your face with all the tasty food and then when someone mentions desert you panic and realize that you didn't leave room for desert! So you decide that you'll wait until a little later to have a tasty snack. Sometimes you have that snack later on - when no one's looking - and other times you pass because you're still too full. \n\nFor sharks in a community tank with hundreds of other fish who are being hand fed by humans several times a day, there's no need to have a snack. Every day is a holiday when you're an aquarium shark! \n\nThat being said, sometimes a shark may indulge themselves and have desert despite being full. As an aquarium employee you can only hope that they do it when no one's looking!"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
4axx7t
|
why is freedom of press so important?
|
Almost every day I read news about a government restricting the freedom of press in a country. I understand what it is, but why is it so important that it makes headlines every day?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4axx7t/eli5_why_is_freedom_of_press_so_important/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d14ek7h",
"d14ep54"
],
"score": [
4,
2
],
"text": [
"Because if the press is not free, the government can do anything and the people won't be able to hear about it. \nSay a government massacred a whole town for no reason. If a town is massacred and nobody is there (or dares) to report it, does the public respond? The answer is no. It's going to take a long time for word of mouth to filter the news. \nEspecially for a democracy the people have to know what the government is doing in order to make informed decisions about it.",
"Having a free press is nevessary for making a government, corporation or powerful individual/group accountable. If the evils of a group can be hidden away behind a media smokescreen then that group will keep on doing evil. Without a free press these groups can and will do what they want and people will be ignorant of their actions and unable to stop them."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
1j06wo
|
how the heck do analysts find the exact tiny cause of a huge fiery explosion such as the concorde, columbia, the challenger, ect.?
|
It truly baffles me
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1j06wo/eli5_how_the_heck_do_analysts_find_the_exact_tiny/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cb9rjfw"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Failure analysis. Just like you can trace a crack in a windshield up or down to its source, the same is true for any other such occurrence, though obviously, things are substantially more complicated by certain circumstances. One key, for the cases you mentioned, is to look for damage that could not have been caused by the resulting explosion, for example, striation marks, a sign of mechanical fatigue that can only be caused by repeated loads. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
6b4eo7
|
why do we propose using a ring? when and how did all of this start?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6b4eo7/eli5why_do_we_propose_using_a_ring_when_and_how/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dhjnmnk",
"dhjrvxx"
],
"score": [
4,
3
],
"text": [
"The debeer's corporation managed to basically monopolize diamond and launched this massive ad campaign that involved buying rings when proposing. \n\nAdam explains it better:\n_URL_0_",
"Most cultures throughout history have had rituals surround betrothal and marriage. Part of this is a visible sign the person is \"taken\", particularly the woman. This has included headwear, hairstyles, clothing, and of course, jewelry. Rings become favored because they were both visible and convenient.\n\nExpensive rings are a symbol of the man's wealth and ability to support his potential bride. They also are the concerted effort of diamond industry marketing to convince consumers that an expensive ring is a necessary foundation to a good marriage."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=N5kWu1ifBGU"
],
[]
] |
||
2jochc
|
how did hulu defeat adblock?
|
Commercials?! I'm getting too old for this shit. What did Hulu do to get around adblock and why doesn't every site just do it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2jochc/eli5_how_did_hulu_defeat_adblock/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cldkv3i",
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"cldxx4d"
],
"score": [
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7,
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2,
2,
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15
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"text": [
"I'm not an expert in any of this, but seeing as how the topic has no replies as of this writing, I felt like putting in my two cents.\n\n > What did Hulu do to get around adblock\n\nTechnical stuff. Hulu uses a specialized, closed-source video player designed to show the ads without fail. They're likely serving the ads from exactly the same servers as their own videos, making it impossible for simple Adblock to block them without also blocking the full videos. By contrast, most ads on the web are essentially a \"widget\" from a third-party company that is hosted on a different server from the content website, and is easily blacklisted.\n\n > why doesn't every site just do it?\n\nThe simplest answer is that a combination of factors lead to most sites not going for hardcore enforcement of ads, while Hulu does.\n\n* The majority of people on the web overall don't use ad-blocking software.\n* Many sites which are ad-supported are small, and they consider *any* page view to be a good one, whether ads are blocked by that user or not. If they like it, they'll tell their friends, increasing the chances of non-adblocking page views.\n* Most ads are static content on a webpage, far easier to selectively block, and very different from the video ads that are fundamentally identical to the actual content which Hulu serves its customers.\n* The effort required to force ads to show regardless of blockers does not usually increase ad revenue, and in a number of cases could actually drive away the nerdier bunch that is more likely to discover and share the content.\n* Much of the content that is available on Hulu is *only* legally available on Hulu, at least for streaming purposes. As such, the effort (money) required to force ads to always play will not significantly reduce their subscriber base or popularity, and therefore is completely worthwhile.\n* Hulu's deals with (and partial ownership by) media conglomerates likely includes clauses requiring Hulu to include ads in the content. IANAL, but failure to work around free and popularly available ad-blocking software could be considered a breach of their contracts, depending on what they agreed to.\n* The deals with the companies whose ads run on Hulu videos likely is based on views-per-showing, with stipulations that Hulu must prove that the ads aren't being blocked. After all, if Hulu could just *say* they played the ad 10,000 times, but half their users are blocking ads, the advertiser would be paying for 10,000 showings but only getting 5,000 out of them.\n\nIf I recall correctly, Hulu used to get its ads blocked, but would simply refuse to play the video until you turned off your ad blockers. Obviously, to simply play the ad unobtrusively is a more elegant solution, and more seamless, but it required more time and resources to do so, things which Hulu ultimately obtained.\n\nSomeone else will probably come along and tell me I'm an idiot, because it's the wee hours of the morning and I should be sleeping instead of writing essays on Reddit, but this is my understanding of it.",
"Simply, ADblock just cannot block ads on hulu because of the video format, but there is an alternative it is called ADblock Video.",
"Great conversation! Do ad blockers have a real profound impact on youtubers with careers? I always see famous youtubers asking for ad blockers to be turned off while watching their videos to support their channels. Is monetization on YouTube not what it used to be? Or did google change something along the way to cause youtubers to earn less money on videos?\n\n\n\n\nSorry for the barrage, but it's not everyday that this kind of conversation appears on the Internet regarding ad blockers.",
"I'd like to point out that did DID NOT defeat ad-block. They just got around the process by having the video automatically be delayed for the duration of the ad. If you leave adblock on, and watch a clip, it will show a countdown timer on the top left as it normally does during ad play. Time ends, show starts, ad blocked. \n \n \nSo now you can choose to sit and stare at a black screen, or watch an ad. :D ",
"If you use firefox you can adjust your adblock settings and still block the ads. So it didn't really beat it.\n_URL_0_\nIf you're curious.",
"I'm not an expert in any of this, but when I use Hulu, I get a black screen for 30 second asking me to please not block their ads.",
"Yeah I originally thought Hulu was great when I signed up and watched every season of the xfiles back to back with no commercials. Then after paying cause my free month ended, I realized that almost every other show available had those ridiculously long ads, that they keep repeating over and over. \nSo its like netflix, except one has ads on content you already fucking paid to watch, and way less content to begin with. Plus their media player was terrible, nothing more annoying than when it froze halfway through a show (which happened far too often), then you have to watch all the ads again and its almost impossible to skip to where you were watching before. Terrible service, I wouldn't even use it if it was free, never mind a monthly subscription fee to watch tons of ads.",
"I don't know, but they ruined South Park studios for me."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://easylist.adblockplus.org/blog/2012/10/24/ads-on-hulu-com-are-no-longer-blocked"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
bctw34
|
how marine biologists, biologists, and archaeologists make money if their profession is discovering things? who pays them and why?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bctw34/eli5_how_marine_biologists_biologists_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ektdzzo",
"ekthmha",
"ektiik2"
],
"score": [
3,
10,
3
],
"text": [
"Scientists make a living by getting funding to publish papers. They propose a research topic to a research board or company of their choice, and compete for funding to undertake research. They also live on that funding, as well as pay the wages of any extra staff they require. \n\nThey tend not to be wealthy people until late in their careers.",
"Biology professor here. Almost all these people are paid to teach courses at universities. The grants they are awarded to fund their research may supplement a portion of their salary, such as the months in the summer when they are doing research and not teaching.\n\nEdited to say: I am federally funded. At most, one month of my regular salary can be supplemented during each year of my 3-year duration grants. Sometimes I waive this so that more of the money can go to the research itself or to help support additional graduate students or postdocs. With federal grants, there are strict limits about how much can go to salary for the PI (principal investigator).",
"Archaeology student from Belgium here.\n\nIn western Europe there is the convention of Malta. It contains all kinds of rules about archaeology. One of them states that the destroyer pays. In other words, the one who wants to build on the site has to pay for the archaeological investigations.\n\nBelgium is one of the countries who signed this treaty. Here it's the law that before almost every major building takes place an archaeological bureau-investigation must be excuted. When this investigation shows that there might be something interesting in the ground, a full excavation will be caried out. This is all payed by the person or company that ownes the building site.\n\nWe also have professors or people working for universities. So they are payed by their universities.\n\nOur government also has its own archaeology department. So when no one can pay, or an excavation must get done urgently, or the grounds are government own, they carry out the excavation and the government pays for it.\n\nI hope this answers your question. If you have any more I'll gladly answer them.\n\nAnd if anyone notices I made a mistake, please let me know. I'm supposed to know about this stuff :p\n\nEDIT: spelling mistakes"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
6bhwws
|
how common was it to have an armed citizenry throughout history in different societies/cultures?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6bhwws/eli5_how_common_was_it_to_have_an_armed_citizenry/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dhmphkh"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"No civilization has ever had the discretionary income of today's civilization. We have more knives, forks, cars, and guns than any society in the history of humanity.\n\nThere have been \"worker revolts\" in several earlier eras, though they are not a well armed as some could be today. In the US, the whole \"break ties with Britain through an armed citizenry\" element of history has produced laws that lead to unprecedented levels of armament. Nowhere in history would a citizen uprising be so well armed as in modern America."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1oo9mz
|
why is google shutting down igoogle.
|
I read Google's explanation but I still don't understand why. Can anyone ELI5?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1oo9mz/eli5_why_is_google_shutting_down_igoogle/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cctvubn"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Google's explanation what that they want to push people towards using web apps in Chrome over serving up a customizable home page to bring it more in line with what they want to do with Chrome and Chromium. Plus the Chrome apps do provide a whole lot more functionality than nearly 10 year old web technology.\n\nI think they did it to make baby Jesus cry."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
26nf1c
|
how can a company have a negative net income for an extended period of time but still stay in business?
|
For example, [Zynga](_URL_0_) has been posting a loss since 2011, but it's still in business. How do they manage this for so long?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26nf1c/eli5how_can_a_company_have_a_negative_net_income/
|
{
"a_id": [
"chsnf9l"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"They either borrow money or have an investor who keeps putting money into the company."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zynga"
] |
[
[]
] |
|
28eqm3
|
why are bass sounds so overpowered at live music events?
|
Just got back from a metal/rock music festival. The bass from the drum-kits was ridiculously overpowered, so much so that it was extremely hard to make out the melodies of the guitars. Can't they just simply turn down the bass volume to rectify this? And if so, why don't they do this?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/28eqm3/eli5_why_are_bass_sounds_so_overpowered_at_live/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cia7o2r"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"Setting up the audio for a concert is a skill and takes practice and knowledge. You generally notice that when you play music through a speaker at a volume outside of the range for that speaker you will get bass overpowering everything since to create bass you need to put much more power into the speaker to displace the air in front of it. My guess is that this happened due to lack of more expensive equipment and also less knowledge on the part of the person who set it up. Also, some bands especially in metal will generally value volume over quality."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
211lrr
|
can a commercial airplane fly inverted?
|
Can a commercial airplane sustain flight while remaining inverted? By fly I mean propel itself through the air, freefall obviously doesn't count.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/211lrr/eli5_can_a_commercial_airplane_fly_inverted/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cg8qz1v"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Virtually any airplane can perform a barrel roll, it's just a mater of how much altitude they need to avoid hitting the ground in the process, commercial aircraft included.\n\nHowever, a commercial airliner doesn't have enough engine thrust to fly inverted for an extended period of time -- they get much of their stability and lift from their wings (which don't work as well upside down)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
3krsrm
|
what's so greek about greek style yogurt?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3krsrm/eli5_whats_so_greek_about_greek_style_yogurt/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cuzxp0d"
],
"score": [
21
],
"text": [
"All it means is that the yogurt is produced in the same style that they use in Greece. It's thicker than your typical yogurt because they remove a lot of the water using a cloth to wring it out (i'm sure you can find the process on YouTube).\n\nThis style of yogurt is actually quite popular throughout the region i.e. the Balkans, Black Sea area, Turkey, and much of the middle east. Though of course they'd just call it \"yogurt\" in those countries.\n\nSo why Greek and not say Turkish? The Greeks got there first and marketed it quite well, so now your typical consumer understands what \"Greek-style\" yogurt means - though if you check your labels, the yogurt may not be produced anywhere near Greece."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
aoqumk
|
why does it get harder, for boxers to make weight later on their career.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aoqumk/eli5_why_does_it_get_harder_for_boxers_to_make/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eg2vvta",
"eg2xoeo"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Metabolism. The same workout doesn't give the same results at 35 as it does at 25.",
"It's not just boxers that have it rough, as you get older it's harder for everybody to loose weight. You body behaves differently and metabolism slows down. I used to be able to drop 2-3kg (5lb) in a week by just thinking about it, now I need to eat different and it will take me 2-3wks."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
n1y5e
|
how scientists can determine if a planet hundreds of light years away may support life.
|
I imagine there is no easy summary.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/n1y5e/eli5_how_scientists_can_determine_if_a_planet/
|
{
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"c35mzh9",
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5,
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"text": [
"Here's my try.\nA lot of years ago, scientists discovered that if you hold up a triangle-shaped piece of glass to the light, you can see the colours of the rainbow. Scientists figured out that different types of glass and other stuff showed different amounts of different colours. In fact, the gases that make up our atmosphere or the atmospheres of different planets can tell scientists what those atmospheres are made of, and if they are very similar to earth's, then those planets might support life.\n\nHow is this?",
"There is a very limited range in which a planet can support life similar to that on earth. The range depends on the size and brightness/temperature of the star.\n\nAlso, Depending on the distance between the star and the planet, the speed of rotation, and the size of the star and the planet, we can determine the approximate density of the planet. This tells us if the planet is rocky, like Earth, or gaseous, like Jupiter.\n\nOther factors like water in the atmosphere are harder, if not impossible to determine at great distances.",
"Assuming this question stems from the recent announcement of the \"Earth-like\" Kepler discovery, we can't know for sure.",
"They can't.\n\nHowever, if you know that a planet orbits at a certain distance from a star of a certain temperature, then you can calculate the surface temperature of the planet, which might be good for Earthlike life.",
"Every planet has the possibility it may support life - it's just that it might not be similar to what we're familiar with here on Earth. When you see comments about life on other planets, they're really just guessing about what the odds are we could live there.\n\nOn Earth there's worms that live in ice and dissolve when brought to room temperature, stuff that lives in volcanic vents, and stuff that lives under insane pressures in the pitch black of the deepest parts of the ocean - people can't live there, but it doesn't mean that some form of life can't.\n\nAstronomers can make guesses about the size of a planet and its distance from a star by how much and how often the star wobbles when they take repeated pictures of it over the course of months and years - a larger planet will make the star wobble a little more, and a closer planet will make it wobble a little faster. From that they can make some good guesses about gravity and temperature.\n\n",
"Each star has a habitable zone based on its properties. If a planet exists within this zone it can harbor life.",
"Here's my try.\nA lot of years ago, scientists discovered that if you hold up a triangle-shaped piece of glass to the light, you can see the colours of the rainbow. Scientists figured out that different types of glass and other stuff showed different amounts of different colours. In fact, the gases that make up our atmosphere or the atmospheres of different planets can tell scientists what those atmospheres are made of, and if they are very similar to earth's, then those planets might support life.\n\nHow is this?",
"There is a very limited range in which a planet can support life similar to that on earth. The range depends on the size and brightness/temperature of the star.\n\nAlso, Depending on the distance between the star and the planet, the speed of rotation, and the size of the star and the planet, we can determine the approximate density of the planet. This tells us if the planet is rocky, like Earth, or gaseous, like Jupiter.\n\nOther factors like water in the atmosphere are harder, if not impossible to determine at great distances.",
"Assuming this question stems from the recent announcement of the \"Earth-like\" Kepler discovery, we can't know for sure.",
"They can't.\n\nHowever, if you know that a planet orbits at a certain distance from a star of a certain temperature, then you can calculate the surface temperature of the planet, which might be good for Earthlike life.",
"Every planet has the possibility it may support life - it's just that it might not be similar to what we're familiar with here on Earth. When you see comments about life on other planets, they're really just guessing about what the odds are we could live there.\n\nOn Earth there's worms that live in ice and dissolve when brought to room temperature, stuff that lives in volcanic vents, and stuff that lives under insane pressures in the pitch black of the deepest parts of the ocean - people can't live there, but it doesn't mean that some form of life can't.\n\nAstronomers can make guesses about the size of a planet and its distance from a star by how much and how often the star wobbles when they take repeated pictures of it over the course of months and years - a larger planet will make the star wobble a little more, and a closer planet will make it wobble a little faster. From that they can make some good guesses about gravity and temperature.\n\n",
"Each star has a habitable zone based on its properties. If a planet exists within this zone it can harbor life."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
z8lyu
|
how cutting corporate taxes can increase the number of jobs?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/z8lyu/elif_how_cutting_corporate_taxes_can_increase_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c62f8c9",
"c62falq",
"c62h0pu",
"c62jqkc",
"c62k021",
"c62lksy"
],
"score": [
12,
20,
5,
36,
17,
3
],
"text": [
"The idea is that cutting corporate taxes will increase corporate spending, thus funding more jobs. (Not that everyone agrees that argument is reasonable.)",
"While I am politically against the idea of trickle down economics because I believe people are greedy, I will explain the basic theory and let you decipher your own opinion.\n\nThe trickle down theory is basically what it sounds like: money will trickle down from the upper class, to the middle class, to the lower class. If a company like Wal-Mart was to receive complete tax exemption, in theory they would pump all of that money back into their business in order to increase profits. Whether that money will be used to increase the wages of the corporate leaders, or the store managers, or the cashiers, or to invest in more stores and more cashiers. Mostly it will be a combination of all of the above. So while they may lose millions of dollars in reinvesting it, they will hope they get it back by increasing profits from these new stores, which obviously bring more jobs. Older stores may also be redesigned, which is seeming to be a trend as many Wal-Marts make the change to Super Wal-Mart which also bring jobs in the form of the new produce section. Wal-Mart also has more stores so everyone they buy from will benefit from increased sales, and increased profits, which they will hopefully reinvest. \n\nNow all those people who got jobs and pay raises? They take their new found wealth and spend it on movies, on college, on Wal-Mart, on basically whatever they want. This money then goes into their businesses, and the cycle continues. So, proponents of the trickle down theory argue that instead of giving unemployment benefits why not just give the money to the companies who make more jobs, and the money will be redistributed throughout the country thanks to capitalism.\n\nTL;DR: Tax cuts will trickle down throughout a business so all can reap the benefits of more money and reinvest it in the economy.",
"You will hear all kinds of theories on how this is supposed to work but it won't and hasn't. Corporate tax rates in America might be 35% on paper but in reality they are more around 13%. So all the rhetoric you hear is just political pandering to an uneducated public to put the blame on someone (read that as Obama). The only thing that will increase jobs is more people with money (demand). \"The best customer of American industry is the well paid worker\" -Roosevelt. ",
"Imagine you have ten cookies, but you have to give three to your parents (taxes). The idea behind cutting corporate taxes is that if you don't have to give away as many cookies to your parents, then you can give them to other people.\n\nThat's the principle. But everyone knows the more cookies you get to keep, the more cookies you get to eat.",
"The idea is: You have 10 dollars. You need to give 3 dollars to mom because she bought you that Xbox game you wanted. You want to build a tree fort, and you give all your friends a dollar each if they help. So you get 7 friends to help.\nIf you only had to give mom 2 dollars, then you could have 8 friends helping you.\n\nThe reality is: Exactly the same as the above. Except that you know you only need 7 friends to build a tree fort. So you keep the 8th dollar for yourself. No new jobs.\n\nThe harsh reality is: Exactly the same as the reality, except you only get 5 friends, keep the other 3 dollars, and then get mad at them when they don't finish in time and call them lazy and useless, even though the whole time you've been playing Xbox.",
"Haven't seen the Laffer curve mentioned, from Wikipedia's simple English Supply-side economics page:\n\n > Economist Arthur Laffer supported supply-side economics with a theory called a Laffer Curve. The theory stated that government will get no money if taxes were too high—nobody would pay them—and that the government would not get enough money if taxes were too low. The theory also stated that if taxes were too high, the economy would be less productive and it would give the government less money and that if taxes were low, the economy would be productive and the government would get more money."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
8ulalx
|
how do your cells on your body stay connected?
|
Like, how come you don’t just collapse into a pile of dust? What’s holding your body together?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8ulalx/eli5_how_do_your_cells_on_your_body_stay_connected/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e1hcegy"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"There are basically a huge network of proteins on the surface of cells that tether to other cells, and help keep an overall form. Different tissues have different types, and allow for different functions. This picture demonstrates some of them.\n\n_URL_0_"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://i.imgur.com/0mbZxyP.jpg"
]
] |
|
a6445y
|
how did planet earth ii get their shots without disturbing the animals?
|
I find it hard to believe that there are people there while filming the bobcats fighting and if there isn’t anyone there do they hide the cameras to match the environment?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a6445y/eli5_how_did_planet_earth_ii_get_their_shots/
|
{
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"ebrg80c",
"ebrit8h",
"ebrmjxf",
"ebs8fpn",
"ebw7mkm"
],
"score": [
11,
3,
9,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"They usually either use large telephoto lenses (like the Canon 1200mm L: _URL_1_ - this one is designed for photography, but it can be used with compatible digital movie cameras as well), or use concealment tents (_URL_0_). Sometimes you use both at once.",
"We watched a documentary called making planet earth or something like that. They explained how they used huge telephoto lens is and it took years to create that series",
"Do they not show you the “Making of” segments at the end of each episode?",
"Wildlife photographers will sit perfectly still for hours with a camera pointed in a direction just to get one shot.\n\nThe planet earth series was what like 10 hours long. To get that they probably have hundreds if not thousands of hours of footage.",
"Extremely long camera lenses allow them to record from very, very far away and still get crisp quality video. That and a lot of patience. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.audubon.org/news/want-shoot-intimate-bird-portraits-try-portable-blind",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_EF_1200mm_lens"
],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
cyirxy
|
what was it like, culturally, anatomically, socially, to be a neanderthal?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cyirxy/eli5_what_was_it_like_culturally_anatomically/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eys8g0b"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"They most likely had a few words, probably not more than grunts.\n\nThey didnt evolve like modern humans because of brain shape/structure. You can see how little their arrows/tools changed compared to humans. \n\nTheres a few documentaries through Curiosity Stream (it's a streaming service for Documentaries, fun interesting stuff for 3.50ish a month)\n\"Who killed the Neanderthal\" will probably answer your question best"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
yrwwq
|
- why are british and american artists so prevalent in pop and rock music genres?
|
As a UK citizen all I hear is British and American music on the radio and in the press. The most obvious answer is language but I thought someone might have a more comprehensive answer as there are many more English speaking countries than the UK and USA.
Note - I would consider Sigur Ros and Tame Impala to be some of my favourite artists so I have tried.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/yrwwq/eli5_why_are_british_and_american_artists_so/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c5y9ok6"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"1. Those two countries are the largest English-speaking countries. Canada has half of the population as the UK and Australia has even less people. \n\n2. Pop and rock music are western music genres. Other non-western English-speaking countries have different taste in music. Lots of people speak English in India, Hong Kong, Jamaica, etc, but they have their own popular genre of music. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
aqkoka
|
why do our hairs decide to split into two and become split ends?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/aqkoka/eli5_why_do_our_hairs_decide_to_split_into_two/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eggo0gh"
],
"score": [
12
],
"text": [
"Our hairs don't decide to do anything. They are not sentient. They have no thoughts. \n\nSplit ends happen because of heat, harsh chemicals, or brushing/manipulating them too much. Hair is kind of like clothes fiber, and the ends just get damaged over time."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
8508z8
|
episodes of bipolar depression
|
I know that with bipolar that there is mania, hypomania, and depression and that someone with bipolar 1 transitions between the two/three.
What I wanted to ask is the transition period between mania and depression. For example if someone was having a manic mood for a while do they wake up the next day depressed or is there a buffer in between? People explain what each episode does to the individual but no one seems to explain how they transition from manic to depressive or vise versa. Thank you.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8508z8/eli5_episodes_of_bipolar_depression/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dvtr7rs",
"dvtyj41",
"dvujmev"
],
"score": [
2,
3,
4
],
"text": [
"It can vary from individual to individual. I have seen gradual like days/weeks to even an hour. I work in Mental health.",
"As others have said, it is variable as all hell.\n\nIn my case(I have Bipolar II), it's incredibly variable. Sometimes it just happens suddenly. Other times, it's a gradual shift. Sometimes, all it takes is seeing some negative news and i'll be down for a day. Things related to prior traumas in my life can also do this.",
"Hey, finally one I'm equipped to answer. \nI'm bipolar, but I like the older term manic depressive more because it doesn't imply that I spend most of my time at one end of the spectrum or the other. \nThat is to say, most of my time is spent in transition. I can usually tell which direction I'm moving. During periods of rapid cycling, I can be suicidal and in love with life and the world in the same day. Most of the time I'm chronically depressed with bouts of useful productive hypomania and less productive, more impulsive mania. \nThe transitions are a pain because you're either feeling a fleeting good mood slip away, or you're feeling your sense of certainty about your thoughts and your self control diminish (and loving it). \nThe transitions usually have causes, but they can't be deliberately controlled--only reduced in scope and encouraged/discouraged by habits and behaviors. Regular sleep, for instance, reduces mood cycling. Sleep disruptions can send me spinning up or down. \nI hope this makes sense! \n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
6tzc02
|
why can't we put a high quality camera on a satellite orbiting another planet?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6tzc02/eli5why_cant_we_put_a_high_quality_camera_on_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dloqt3i",
"dloqy9v"
],
"score": [
2,
5
],
"text": [
"Remember that Cassini was launched in 1997 and was under construction for several years prior. Same with Juno, it was launched in 2011 and under construction well before then.\n\nThe cameras also have to be built to survive the high radiation and generally inhospitable conditions of space. ",
"There's a couple reasons, [I think this page has a pretty good rundown of several of them for the Cassini camera in particular.](_URL_0_) In a nutshell: it takes a long time to develop a probe from design all the way through launch, so its electronics will always be a bit out of date by the time they fly. The camera has to survive some really extreme conditions in space, for many years, with no maintenance. Deep space probes to distant planets tend to have low bandwidth because the radio signal is so weak at that range, so they need to be very efficient with data. Consumer-grade cameras actually have designed-in \"cheats\" to easily take good looking pictures for the human eye under Earth lighting conditions, but taking scientific pictures in deep space means designing for different lighting, filters, and sensitivities."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/imaging-science-subsystem/"
]
] |
||
fcshp8
|
why do casino games often have minimum and/or maximum bets?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fcshp8/eli5_why_do_casino_games_often_have_minimum_andor/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fjcpp2c",
"fjcwqrd"
],
"score": [
2,
4
],
"text": [
"It's for accessibility. So you don't have someone betting $1000 at a table where the highest players bank is $500, meaning the whole table would have to go all in just to stay at the table and that doesn't benefit the casino in any way.\n\nSo they cap the bets to keep people playing longer and losing more to the house.",
"Maximum bets are done for a few reasons.\n\n1 - a small casino doesn't want someone to take them for a $10,000,000 hand in blackjack. Blackjack has close to even odds so one large bet thats won could alter their profits for a day/week/period of time.\n\n2 - Maximum bets aren't that common in the non-high roller areas and often get people to watch. I was in Macau and watching a guy beter $100k per hand and it defintely stopped me from betting my money.\n\n3 - Maximum bets require more security. A mistake could cost the casino a lot more money so they want to keep them together when they're big bettors.\n\n4 - high rollers get into nicer areas of casinos with free drinks, food, better waitstaff and dealers. This will encourage them to bet more.\n\nMinimum bets are used to make sure people aren't using up Casino seats but not profiting the casino. Betting 1 penny per hand on blackjack wil technically make the casino money in the long run, but it will cost more to have a dealer deal to them and then they are using up a seat.\n\nYou can be confident that the maximums are to hedge risk, get wealthy players to gamble together, while minimums are to ensure the casino isnt wasting its time."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
3t4u7h
|
how are televisions capable of colouring millions of pixels 60 times a second?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3t4u7h/eli5_how_are_televisions_capable_of_colouring/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cx354uq"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Televisions run on electricity, which is the fastest thing in the universe. Things can't get any \"faster\" than an electric appliance, that's why it seems so fast."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
2jpn12
|
more reps/less sets vs. more sets/less reps and why?
|
Would love a true ELi5 on this one. Discussion on the fitness subreddits get too technical and convoluted for the layman.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2jpn12/eli5_more_repsless_sets_vs_more_setsless_reps_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cldw6x6",
"cldwjrh",
"cldxivr"
],
"score": [
2,
17,
5
],
"text": [
"Less reps means you can push more weight before your muscles fail. To get the most out of that, you need to do more sets. Doing 3 sets of 10 pushups isn't the same as doing 5 sets of 6 weighed pushups.",
"one will build explosive strength (less reps, more weight) the other will build endurance strength (more reps, less weight)",
"Taken from a user from r/bodybuilding. I forget who but I saved it because I forget stuff. \r\rSubjects who perform exclusively strength oriented workout (ex: 3reps with lots of sets) vs subjects who perform higher rep workouts with less total sets and keep the same total volume will have a better 1 rep max and will achieve similar levels of hypertrophy.\r\r-If strength training provides equal hypertrophy but better strength gains, whats the benefit of hypertrophy training? The answer is time and energy conservation. It's much quicker and easier to do 3 sets of 10 than it is to do 7-8 sets of 3. This makes it easier to get more volume in, in a reasonable amount of time while \"hypertrophy\" training.\r\rDo what you want, just never decrease total tonnage. (except when deloading of course)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
16neic
|
how does the profit from high selling video games (i.e. call of duty) get distributed?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/16neic/eli5_how_does_the_profit_from_high_selling_video/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c7xl3xu",
"c7xlh5u"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"The same as any company selling anything else. A video game is no different than selling a loaf of bread.",
"Some goes to store, some to developers, but mostly it goes to publishers. Exact profit depends on contract. Sometimes it's set percentage from sales, sometimes it's round sum of guaranteed money, sometimes it's something in between. Most programmers and artists probably work for normal wage though."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
5h4x25
|
how effective is china's internet censorship if everybody just uses a proxy to get to blocked websites?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5h4x25/eli5_how_effective_is_chinas_internet_censorship/
|
{
"a_id": [
"daxhqdd",
"daxn8dg"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"Because they block proxies as well. The Great Firewall is just a blanket term for [multiple technologies](_URL_0_) that disrupt the traffic from your internet device to the destination servers deemed inappropriate by the censors.",
"You would be surprised, I see a lot of people here suggesting that virtually nobody in China uses a proxy and that these websites are not used by people in China, or that the Chinese government has some kind of magical way to block all proxies.\n\nI will give you an anecdotal story. There was a \"space community / country\" that popped up some time this year, Asgardia. Asgardia accepted citizens from virtually any country. A good majority of the people who signed up, were Chinese. For a very long time, no official forum or other venue existed for the citizens of Asgardia to communicate, although there was a very popular Facebook group. There was actually a LOT of Chinese users on the Facebook group, which surprised me and other citizens of Asgardia, as we all assumed that Facebook was blocked in China and that they were unable to use a proxy to access Facebook.\n\nDuring this time period, I also learned that the actual \"social media\" websites that are popular in China do not function much (or rather, they are not used much) in the same way in which people in the West use Facebook. Rather than a social media platform used for connecting with peers _URL_2_, _URL_0_ and _URL_1_ are all popular Facebook \"alternatives\" in China, but their primary use is as social gaming platforms with virtual items, Farmville actually originated in China and would be a good example of the way in which they use social media, versus how we use it."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Shield_Project"
],
[
"Renren.com",
"51.com",
"Kaxin001.com"
]
] |
||
1uq262
|
when i put a flash drive in my computer and it says it wasn't ejected properly and then it's "fixed" before using, what exactly happened and why?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1uq262/eli5_when_i_put_a_flash_drive_in_my_computer_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cekkhir"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"On your flash drive, there's a table that describes what files are on it, the sizes and timestamps, and where specifically the files are located. These are baked into what's known as a file system. Think of it as a card catalog. What files do you have? Open a few drawers, check out the index cards for the names of files. Each one has a number (Dewey Decimal System) which tells you where in the library to go fetch it.\n\nKey take away: the file system brings order to the chaos that would otherwise exist in just a very long sequential list of zeroes and ones. It's more complicated than the library analogy because you just don't have a file in one place (like a book). You have sections of the file in multiple places at once, a concept known as fragmentation and an inevitability of having a file system you can write to, since files get deleted and new ones don't necessarily fit into the neat spots left behind. Don't think of a missing file system as a library with the books still on the shelves, think of just a pile of torn up books with dirt and spiders thrown in for good measure.\n\nModern file systems, even many that are obsolete by our standards today, have redundancy checks to try and minimize the chance that a file system has errors in it, given how important the file system is. Implementation details vary, but it's either (or both) redundant copies of the file system data (metadata) and file operation journaling. \n\nHaving a redundant copy (or copies) of the file system data means that all copies should match. If they don't, and it's detected by what mounts the file system as a drive on your machine, it tries to figure out which is the \"best\" one, the one most likely to be correct. When you mount the file system, it's only really using one at the same time and, when you safely remove the drive, it makes sure that all the copies match.\n\nJournaling is a little more complicated, but basically it's a ledger for listing file operations. When you safely remove a drive, it goes through the ledger and makes sure all the file operations are done and reflected in the file system. If, when you mount your drive, it notices there are entries still in the journal, it knows it was unsafely removed and tries it's best to either roll back those changes (because you can't guarantee the contents, like while copying a file, you don't know if all the allocated sectors were finished copying data into) or try to implement them (when they're simple like deleting a file, no extra data is really needed)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
3uk8sn
|
if nuclear fission and fusion generate energy, why won't fizzing atoms fused from fizzled particles produce limitless energy?
|
Is a closed loop of energy production even possible?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3uk8sn/eli5_if_nuclear_fission_and_fusion_generate/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cxfkjj9"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Fusion power gives a net energy gain *for light nuclei*; fission power gives a net energy gain *for heavy nuclei*. The inflection point where this changes [is around Fe^56, because that nucleus has the most binding energy per nucleon](_URL_0_). \n\nIf you split any nucleus and then fuse the results back together, one reaction will consume the exact same amount of energy as the other produces. As such, the total energy gain will be at best 0 - in practice there will always be a net energy *loss* because your reactor is not 100% efficient. \n\n > Is a closed loop of energy production even possible?\n\nNot if [conservation of energy](_URL_1_) is correct. Everything we've seen so far indicates it is. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_binding_energy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy"
]
] |
|
89e6ka
|
how do they restore/maintain historic documents? declaration of independence, constitution, etc.
|
Obviously the use of clean room is paramount but what actual chemicals or tools do they use to preserve and maintain historical documents such as these? What is the process like?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/89e6ka/eli5_how_do_they_restoremaintain_historic/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dwqcr1m",
"dwr4rho"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"The [National Archives](_URL_0_ ) has a conservation division that routinely cares for these founding documents. In 2003, they were moved into new titanium cases filled with inert Argon gas. At night they are lowered into a vault and microscopically examined (through the sealed case of course) to detect any damage that might have occurred.",
"Restoring: I know that holes that restorers make paper pulp and patch holes that develop in precious documents, and they can also very carefully and delicately wet the original paper and try to knit broken bits back together using a bit of pulp as glue. I assume they have methods to treat the paper to reduce brittleness. \n\nMaintaining: First, prevent acid buildup in wood pulp based paper, as that can cause it to become brittle and disintegrate on the shelf. Spraying it (a little at a time with careful drying so it doesn't damage it) with a neutral Ph solution to buffer the acidity is a thing that's done. Storing the document so that it's touching a buffered sheet of cardboard also helps. Second, humidity control. Too dry and your document goes brittle, too wet and it grows mould. \n\nI've read a bit about document restoration and preservation, but that's all I can remember at the moment."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://www.archives.gov/"
],
[]
] |
|
4bkens
|
why does "the big, red, house" sound much more correct than "the red, big, house"?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4bkens/eli5_why_does_the_big_red_house_sound_much_more/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d19wwaj"
],
"score": [
34
],
"text": [
"While not everyone follows them, generally in English if there are multiple adjectives, they are done in a particular order:\n\n* Quantity or number\n* Quality or opinion\n* Size\n* Age\n* Shape\n* Color\n* Place of origin or material\n* Purpose or qualifier\n\nSo most people will say \"big, red house\" so that's what you're used to hearing."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1z77uo
|
property taxes
|
If my parents pay off their home and the 10 acres they own and leave it to me in their will. Minus water and electricity, do I still have to pay a property tax or anything?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1z77uo/eli5_property_taxes/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cfrfgfh",
"cfr4ehf",
"cfr6i3f",
"cfr702h"
],
"score": [
2,
4,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Buying ownership of a home and property taxes are separate things.\n\n\nYou need to keep paying taxes regardless. Those taxes on the property are mostly municipal, and cover services such as schools, parks/arenas ,street maintenance, and trash collection.\n\n\nNot to mention their may be tax considerations willing assets as valuable as real estate.",
"Yes. Property taxes are due to the county every year even if the property is paid off.",
"You should be able to look it up online. The Ohio state site will give you a general overview, but you probably need to look up the specific county to get details.\n\n_URL_0_",
"Property taxes are normally used to pay for municipal facilities like police and fire departments, schools, public works, and road maintenance. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"http://www.tax.ohio.gov/real_property.aspx"
],
[]
] |
|
84p965
|
why does hunting camo and military camo look so different?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/84p965/eli5_why_does_hunting_camo_and_military_camo_look/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dvr91mc",
"dvra5sn",
"dvragd9",
"dvrmimb"
],
"score": [
2,
10,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Explaining it like you are 5, humans and animals have very different eyes. I'm sure someone else will elaborate more on this point though. ",
"Hunting camo is more specialized to the terrain, but other than that it's mostly just branding and the \"extra\" features required in military use. There are some differences between the opponents each will face, too. Still, a good military woodland camo will probably work decently enough while hunting in suitable woodland. Military camo is often also protected against IR and sometimes other near-light observation systems as well, which means it requires very different treatment.\n\nWhile hunting you might also care less, considering the orange you'll have to wear. You can also choose your location a lot more freely and remain in a good location, meaning that a tree-bark camo would be useful because it allows you to blend against a tree, but military camo has to work with everything in the environment it's going to be used in. A soldier can only rarely choose where to be with complete freedom, and even more rarely hold that ideal position for hours.\n\nAnd yes, humans and animals perceive differently. Animals look for anything out of place, while humans look for patterns. Military camo is intended to break the shape of the body, thus fooling the human eye. It's a bunch of solid colours, basically, which isn't too natural, and thus might alert an animal.\n\nEdit: Here's a Quora answer with a couple of examples proving this quite well. _URL_0_",
"I can't confirm if some company tries to test animal eyes are different and develop a camo for animal in specific, but that's not what most company does. Here are some proof with quote from represent on some camouflage company on their process.\n\nStephen Holley (SIXSITE): ''I wanted to design a pattern that had digital elements combined with an organic foundation, to create a multidimensional element that could be traced back to nature.''\n\nTony Stoyanovski (TUSK) : ''Originally we began creating mimetic [branches, leaves, etc.] camouflage'', ''However, we were frustrated by the constraints of using natural, photorealistic elements. These patterns could only be pushed so far before losing their realistic appearance.''\n\nThe real answer is a cost benefit analysis. Military don't know where their unit will be deploy and it would be very expensive for them to equip millions of personnel with enough different camo for all type of terrain that they could be deploy in. In addition, too many different camo create additional stress on the logistical chain. Hell, some american troops were deployed with wooldland camo in Irak, they simply didn't have enough desert camo for everyone. But hunters don't really have that problem. They usually hunt in specific region and can affort to buy specific or unique camo.\n\nIn addition, military don't like to throw millions of camo every 5 or 10 years because a newer camo could be better. The ACU, the current military uniform for the Army was introduce in 2004 to replace the BDU that was in service since the early 80s. So about 25 years between the change in camo. Different hunters buy different camo every year, so company try to offer different camo to compete against one another, something that doesn't happen in the military where change in camo doesn't happen very often.\n\nIt's a bit the same reason, the military used the Humvee since 1984 and are only starting to replace them, while there is hundred of different new model of civilian truck each year.",
"Hunting Camo is for disguising yourself for animals. Military Camo is for disguising yourself for people. Same concept, different game. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://www.quora.com/Which-camouflage-is-more-effective-militarys-or-hunters"
],
[],
[]
] |
||
c2t0b6
|
how does a weighing machine work?
|
Edit: I'm talking about a weighing scale.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c2t0b6/eli5_how_does_a_weighing_machine_work/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ermcsci",
"ermd7d5",
"ermd91v"
],
"score": [
2,
11,
3
],
"text": [
"Are you referring to a scale, or something else?",
"In general scales use springs with a known spring coefficient. This means that the designer knows how much force is required to extend a spring a certain distance. This distance can then simply be translated to a weight.\n\nDigital and electronical scales usually use something called a \"strain gauge\". In general this is a material, say a piece of iron which when a force is applied to will deform. This deformation will affect its resistance and by running a current through and measuring the voltage or the current one can calculate what force has been applied which corresponds to a weight.\n\nEdit: spelling.",
"Electronic scales use load cells, these are devices that measure force via resistance change due to contraction of the cross section of many small conductor bands. They are than calibrated with standard forces, and the display shows you the mass in kg or lbs by assuming g=9.81m/s^2, i.e. assuming you are a non moving object in earth."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
xyrbx
|
how come some people are extremely allergic to even tiny amounts of things like shell fish, peanuts, etc.?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/xyrbx/how_come_some_people_are_extremely_allergic_to/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c5qsudm",
"c5qyda5"
],
"score": [
17,
3
],
"text": [
"Your body has an incredibly complex immune system that we don't fully understand, but we do know that it monitors every single cell, particle and mote of dust in your body to find and weed out foreign objects. It has a huge range of tools available to do this, and the immune system breaks down the process into a number of steps.\n\nAll the time, the cells of your immune system, called lymphocytes, look for things that they think are foreign, mark them for destruction, and remember what they looked like for the next time they see them. The kind of \"memory\" involved in allergic reactions is controlled by a type of antibody called IgE, which is only really made in huge quantities when your body is really concerned about something it thinks is infectious; we actually don't really know what benefit IgE has, but it might be to do with cancer and asthma. It's different from other antibodies, like IgA, which is the kind of antibody that you'd find in your tears, sweat, saliva and so on. Thing is, the body might mistakenly use IgE aggressively against anything: it can think you're at risk from latex, milk, eggs, anything. Even your own cells, if you're really, really unlucky.\n\nAfter you've been exposed once to an allergen, which will usually have no noticeable effect on you, your body remembers the allergen and uses IgE to communicate that memory to the cells of your immune system. The second (... or third, or fourth...) time you're exposed, you'll have enough IgE available that your body will mount an aggressive immune response to try and fight what it thinks is an invasion of foreign matter. The problem is, it responds way *too* aggressively.\n\nThese reactions are dangers for a number of reasons, one of which is that IgE responses to allergens cause your body to release massive amounts of a compound called histamine. Histamine is the stuff that you take anti-histamines to fight hayfever for, and it's part of your body's normally inflammation process when you hurt yourself. But when you have an excessive amount of IgE being used to demand histamine your body responds with a huge amount of histamine, which means a huge amount of swelling (\"oedama\") and a massive drop in your blood pressure.\n\nThese two factors are very, very bad. The swelling can block your airway, preventing you from breathing and that alone would be enough to kill you within minutes - it's the most time-critical kind of medical emergency. Secondly, the drop in blood pressure (\"anaphylactic shock\") can stop your heart, so you're not breathing and you have no blood flow. This is why it's so incredibly dangerous.\n\nThe reason you give adrenaline/epinephrine (depending on where you live, either name is correct) is that your body responds to that drug by \"squeezing\" all your blood vessels tightly, which reduces the rate of swelling and increases your heart rate, which in turn increases your blood pressure. It's also incredibly fast-acting but only lasts a few minutes, so it needs to be used in conjunction with other drugs. If you're interested, you'd usually be using something like cortisol/hydrocortisone (again, same drug with different names) to control the reaction more definitively.\n\nI hope this makes sense. I've only had an hour's sleep, so I did my very best to make this readable.",
"there are specific allergies because there are these specific few groups of proteins that people with allergies have drastic reactions to (explained by the immune system response effect above). generally these allergies are developed at a young age if you are born/raised in a 'relatively clean' place like in developed countries. children born in less sanitized places often are able to develop a better immune system while growing up and so 'peanut butter allergies' and 'shell fish allergies' are less common. that is why when people from developed countries travel to developing countries, they often encounter illnesses very easily as compared to native people. suddenly they are exposed to germs that 'did not exist' in their home country. whereas vice versa is rare because children born in developing countries grow up fighting these illnesses so their immune system is 'used to' it and when they travel to clean environments, they have no problem. (sometimes its too clean! - personal experience)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
25m8ie
|
use of second order differential equations?
|
I study math at college and we've learnt about all kinds of things such as complex numbers (de moivre's theorem, z to w plane transformations), matrices, differential equations etc. But what field would knowledge of this come in useful in the real world? We don't get told what any of it's really for and I doubt the teachers would even know, they just know how to do it.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/25m8ie/eli5_use_of_second_order_differential_equations/
|
{
"a_id": [
"chijizf"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
" > what field would knowledge of this come in useful in the real world?\n\nI'm going to assume \"real world\" is anything except more math.\n\nA lot of the topics you mentioned appear in theoretical science, particularly physics and chemistry. In many situations phenomena can be related or explained mathematically before they're observed physically; alternatively, sometimes it takes an incredibly long time to figure out the mathematical explanation for something observed experimentally.\n\nMathematical models are used in lots of different fields, including economics, climate science and statistics. These can also use some very intricate math. Although some models don't require particularly advanced math, just a lot of it, so your mileage may vary.\n\n > We don't get told what any of it's really for and I doubt the teachers would even know\n\nIf your teachers do mathematical research then chances are they will be able to tell you the significance of their work, and possibly how it relates to other fields. You should try asking them."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1zp534
|
if everyone can modify wikipedia page, how do they administer the constant changes on controversial topics?
|
such as presidential candidates' pages during election. or abortion, or GMO foods.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1zp534/eli5if_everyone_can_modify_wikipedia_page_how_do/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cfvnppz"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"The editors use bots (computer programs) to moderate pages based on common spam (like curses, slurs, etc.). Editors can review revisions that bots made and can make revisions themselves if they find spam that the bot is not programmed to look for."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
a1pn7i
|
why do people feel more drunk/realize how drunk they are in bathrooms?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a1pn7i/eli5_why_do_people_feel_more_drunkrealize_how/
|
{
"a_id": [
"earqhrj",
"earqhsg",
"earqj92",
"earqze9"
],
"score": [
3,
7,
6,
3
],
"text": [
"The lights are brighter in bathrooms. It's the same reason you feel more drunk when they turn on the overhead lights in a bar at last call.",
"Often people are drinking sitting down without moving. When you get up and walk (to the bathroom) you suddenly realize your sense of balance is off.",
"Brighter lighting, mirrors to see yourself. Plus you actually have to walk there on your own",
"In addition to the lights and the change from sitting to walking, I think the shift in situation/environment adds to it--you go from having fun with fellow drunk people to suddenly being alone with your thoughts and having to do a non-partying task."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
bhd9vx
|
how are online first person shooter games, like fortnite and pubg, able to transmit enough data between all the players, across the world, to keep everyone's games in sync?
|
It seems like that would be so much data (each players current position, direction, etc.) and would need to transmit and receive by all players so quickly to keep up with the players movements (which to an outside observer such as myself), seem super fast and chaotic. Add in high end graphics and fast framerates, it really does seem impossible that even with high speed internet infrastructure, those network packets are able to fly around the world and keep everything in sync. I just can't comprehend it.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bhd9vx/eli5_how_are_online_first_person_shooter_games/
|
{
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6,
2,
2,
2
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"text": [
"All that's transmitted is player position and bullet position which can be put into teeny tiny data packets that are only kilobytes. Everything else happens locally on your computer.",
"Well it isn't really when you think about it. \n\nYou've got the position of a player, the direction they're aiming, whether they're firing or not. Updated many times a second, no doubt, but that's...kinda essentially all there is? All the visuals is generated at your end, client-side to use the proper term. The information being transmitted is as you say just positions. \n\nWhen you consider network connections are fast enough now that you can stream 4K 60FPS video, a big pile of coordinates going backwards and forwards is nothing. \n\nI mean, back in the days Unreal Tournament was the king of multiplayer frag-em-ups a lot of people back then connected using dial-up, 56K connections, or 0.056Mbit, and it managed it then.",
"all the graphics and sound files are on your computer. All you're doing is sending information about your physical position, the position of your weapon, and when you fire. The server calculates whether your bullet hits the other person based on those things, plus the coordinates of the other player (from his packets). So there really isn't much actual data flying around, as most the info is stored locally.",
"A lot of it is done with client side prediction. Say Player A shoots a rocket at Player B. The rocket is going to move in a fairly predictable way until it hits something, so there's no need for the server to send constant updates about the rocket until then. Rather than sending constant updates about it, Player A and Player B's machines (and anyone else in the game) both independently calculate the rocket's path. Really the only things that need to be communicated by the server are when players do things or something else unpredictable happens.\n\n > It seems like that would be so much data (each players current position, direction, etc.) \n\nThat's not really that much data, actually. Position, direction, and velocity can each be represented by 3 floating point values (for the x, y, and z values), so little actual data needs to be transmitted. That can add up when you have position and rotation for thousands of objects, but with client side prediction most objects don't need to be updated all the time.\n\n > Add in high end graphics\n\nGraphics are all rendered client side. The network doesn't care about how complex the graphics are, it just needs to know the position and orientation of the actors, then the client handles rendering the models. It might say \"this tank is at position x,y,z in rotation x,y,z and moving at this speed.\" The client knows what the tank model should be and renders it using the position it's given, so even though the graphics might be complex very little data is needed by the server to do it since most of it already lives client side.",
"Imagine you running a Monopoly game with 100 players from around the world. But everyone has their own same game board, so all you need to tell all the players is who rolled what dice, and what action did they take (buy, sell, card received). What's super nice is that game board will hear you and do all the moving of pieces itself! So all you really need to do is yell out a short list of actions:\n\n* Max 6\n* Jim 1\n* Jane 3, +1 J (get out of jail card)\n* Max 4, +1 hotel\n* Jim 5\n\nNow if your magic board is tracking where everyone is, it's very easy to imagine where everything is, and quite fast to tell everyone. \n\nYou could paint an even more accurate picture if you say Max dropped his dice from 1ft above the table... well the rules of gravity doesn't change, so every magic board could even show the dice rolling action just as Max would see it, you wouldn't need to describe every millisecond of movement."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
33rhag
|
how do oil prices work? how are they decided from the us perspective and why are their prices constantly changing for price per barrel like it's a stock?
|
Does OPEC largely decide prices for majority of the world or is it some larger scale of supply and demand that goes on with stocks?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/33rhag/eli5_how_do_oil_prices_work_how_are_they_decided/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cqnotei"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Everything you buy is affected by supply and demand. In this case, oil producing companies control the supply and the consumer market controls the demand. OPEC countries can limit supply, which will affect prices.\n\nThe exact prices are largely determined by commodities markets, just like corn or wheat or coffee or silver. Traders on the markets are speculating on the futures price of the commodity. When a nation lowers production, the market will react by buying nudging the futures price upwards. Eventually, this filters down to gas stations who set their prices and to you, who fills their tank with the gas."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2dhkuw
|
how can the us government "deny" a freedom of information request? wouldn't it lead to a lawsuit?
|
I read alot of conspiracy Theories, and a particular one stuck with me. It was about Tesla's inventions blueprints that were allegedly seized by the government. Rambling aside, the theories were nice enough to mention that the US government denied a freedom of information request about tesla's invention. Several other theories about various topics mention a denial of a FoI request. As a Canadian, I wonder, how can they do this? Cant they get sued or get in trouble? Or am I blatantly misinformed abut how the FoI act works?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2dhkuw/eli5_how_can_the_us_government_deny_a_freedom_of/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cjpkb84",
"cjpogqf"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"There are exceptions to the law, and if the blueprints were hidden they would probably be done claiming a cause that would fall under exemption from the law.",
"FOIA request warrants a response. not an answer.\n\nif you FOIA'ed \"what are the security specifications of Air Force One\" you'll get \"Thank you for the inquiry, we won't tell you\""
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
n2ls2
|
anova test in statistics
|
Much appreciated.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/n2ls2/anova_test_in_statistics/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c35s8vr",
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"score": [
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4
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"text": [
"**AN**alysis **O**f **VA**riance. Basically, this is a way to determine statistically if data that you collected shows a significant trend or not. When you gather data in a real-life scenario, you will find that some points are higher than average, and some points are lower than average. ANOVA seeks to determine if a change that you see in the data is actually significant, or if it could just be contributed to random jitter in measurement.\n\nAnother benefit is that you can apply this treatment to experiments involving multiple variables. For example, suppose you have an experiment with two independent variables and one dependent variable. If you \"strong-arm\" the experiment, you would have to take samples at every possible combination of your two independent variables (according to your level of discretization). However, using multivariable ANOVA, you can reduce this, and make statistical predictions about which independent variable has the most effect on the dependent variable.",
"**AN**alysis **O**f **VA**riance. Basically, this is a way to determine statistically if data that you collected shows a significant trend or not. When you gather data in a real-life scenario, you will find that some points are higher than average, and some points are lower than average. ANOVA seeks to determine if a change that you see in the data is actually significant, or if it could just be contributed to random jitter in measurement.\n\nAnother benefit is that you can apply this treatment to experiments involving multiple variables. For example, suppose you have an experiment with two independent variables and one dependent variable. If you \"strong-arm\" the experiment, you would have to take samples at every possible combination of your two independent variables (according to your level of discretization). However, using multivariable ANOVA, you can reduce this, and make statistical predictions about which independent variable has the most effect on the dependent variable."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
20pthr
|
can paypal just "make" money? context inside.
|
Read this article first: _URL_0_
They gave this man, accidentally, 92 quadrillion dollars in his PayPal account. Could he have hypothetically, with enough time, spent all this money? Could he use it? 92 quadrillion sounds like an awful lot of cash for a company to own...
Before we get started, I'm going to assume that, no, PayPal cannot create money. But what exactly would happen in a situation like this?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/20pthr/eli5_can_paypal_just_make_money_context_inside/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cg5lu96",
"cg5m7am",
"cg5ngv7"
],
"score": [
19,
12,
3
],
"text": [
"They did not give him money. They mistakenly said he had money in his account that did not exist.\n\nHe presumably could have used the erroneous balance to make purchases, sure. He could not have used it all. That's enough money to, in essence, buy the earth. And Paypal would have caught onto the error rather quickly.",
"In a sense, everyone can 'make' money by extending credit. If you accept something - PayPal credit, US Dollars, or Bitcons - in exchange for goods and services you're - sort of - turning that item into money.\n\nDigressing for a moment, consider that the US dollar started out as a 'gold certificate' and each dollar corresponded to 1/20 of a troy ounce of gold. The dollar was separated from gold over the course of about 50 years starting in the great depression, and the process was effectively completed by Nixon in the 70s.\n\nA PayPal credit is - in a sense - a \"dollar certificate\". You can go to PayPal and exchange the credit for US dollars. If we get to a point where people are largely exchanging PayPal credit to balance their accounts without ever converting them into dollars they PayPal credit has effectively become a currency. And, at that point, PayPal could plausibly start issuing more credit than they had dollars. Then those 92 quadrillion PayPal bucks could have been exchanged for goods and services, but people would probably either demand more PayPal bucks for their goods, or stop accepting them entirely as people stopped crediting PayPal.",
"I'll give you a cheque for a million dollars.\n\nYou go out and buy a house.\n\nI don't actually have a million dollars, so, you don't actually have a million dollars, but you do owe money for a very real house.\n\nPaypal can say that you have 92 quadrillion dollars, but that doesn't (necessarily) mean that you actually have that money."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"http://articles.philly.com/2013-07-16/news/40592245_1_delco-man-credit-card-delaware-county-council"
] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
2efu50
|
why does it hurt so much when you sneeze and fart at the same time?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2efu50/eli5_why_does_it_hurt_so_much_when_you_sneeze_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cjz2syd",
"cjz2vvq"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"When you sneeze, your abdominal pressure increases, squeezing abdominal guts upwards against your lungs.\n\nThe side effect is the potential for a super-high-pressure fart.",
"Because you have a fissure?"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
1d11cm
|
how do routers protect computers?
|
Hi, I have heard/read that having a physical layer adds additional security to a connection beyond a software firewall. Why do routers provide additional security on top of a software firewall and how do they work to provide that extra protection?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1d11cm/eli5_how_do_routers_protect_computers/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c9luqve",
"c9luxae",
"c9lvrtc",
"c9lynez",
"c9m5niz"
],
"score": [
2,
7,
2,
4,
2
],
"text": [
"Hardware routers still utilize software for the firewall. The main benefit is that they are devices dedicated to the task of routing. They are usually put in a corner and forgotten, so the likelihood of the firewall software being disabled by malware running on a computer, or by human intervention, is slim. You can reboot a computer connected to a hardware router and it will have zero impact to the availability (or protection) of that network (other than no longer contributing to the overall network traffic/load).",
"Assuming we're talking about standard home routers, the biggest thing that goes on is your router doesn't directly put your computer on the public internet. If you go to a site like [What's My IP](_URL_1_) it'll show you an address different from what your computer thinks it has (likely 192.168.0.x). The router is doing [Network Address Translation](_URL_0_)(NAT) - it sits between your internal home network & the rest of the internet & makes everything inside look like it's coming from the router's external IP. When inside computers try to make connections to the outside world, it acts as a middleman and sends the data out & makes sure the right data gets back to them.\n\nWhere your computer gets protected is that if somebody on the internet is trying to connect back to your computer to hack into it, the router just says \"No\" - without an established outgoing connection, there's nowhere to send the data so it just stops. You can set up specific \"forwarding\" rules if you want to allow external connections in (e.g. - you want to run a game server) but these are exceptions.",
"Routers don't provide security, they perform Network Address Translation (NAT). Routers use NAT to pretend that they are your computer, so when your computer asks for a webpage your router finds the web server for you, asks the server for the webpage, then sends it down to your computer. Going the other direction, meaning from the public internet to your local network, you need to create a specific rule which tells your router which computer it should send requests. \n\nWhile this feature does hinder public access to local networks if you haven't set up any rules, it is important to understand that this is not a security measure but the result of a lack of available public IP addresses.\n\nEdit: To address the software firewall portion, if your computer is directly on the internet it will accept all requests from the internet, as long as it knows how to respond (If a computer asks your computer for a webpage, it won't get one, because your computer isn't listening for webpage requests) but your firewall determines which requests to allow. \n\nFirewalls and routers were built to perform different functions, understanding the nuances is important for security.",
"Pretend you're at a Hotel. You check into a room with the guy at the front desk, who gives you a room number to go settle down. While you're there you send a message by mail which passes by the guy at the front desk. He makes a note on his little clip board saying that you sent a message to X so that when a response comes back from X (intended for you) he'll know which room number to forward the reply on to.\n\nHowever, if someone outside the hotel sends something to the guy at the front desk who has not previously been contacted by anyone inside the guy at the front desk will say, \"Nobody in here's tried to reach you so I'm just gonna put your message in the trash, sorry.\" and tosses it.\n\nIf you're expecting a package from someone later on you could go to the guy at the front desk and say, \"I'm expecting a package; it's going be colored blue with a bow on top.\" \"Right sir, I'll just make a note here to send all blue boxes with a bow on top to your room number.\"\n\nA router is the guy at the front desk. Your internal IP address is your room number. Your external IP address is the front door. The notebook is your network address translation table and port forwarding table. The box's blue color with the bow is a port (session) number. If someone else went to the guy and said, \"I'm also expecting a blue box with a bow on top\" the guy at the front would say, \"You should tell your sender to use a different color because I've already reserved a rule that says such boxes should be sent to this other guy.\" and so the second guy would have to specifiy a different rule; perhaps red boxes instead of blue (in this analogy there are over 65,000 colors (port numbers) to pick from; the first 1000 or so of which are traditional, reserved colors while most of the others can be picked willy nilly).",
"You work at a building. \n\nThere's a phone system. (your network) \n\nThere's only one number for the whole building. (public IP address)\n\nIf you call that number from the outside, you get a receptionist. (the router)\n\nYou can call from inside the building to anywhere outside you want and leave a message.\n\nWhen calls come back from outside to the router they have to match up with calls that were made from the inside.\n\n1. so that the router can send the inbound call back to the right device to get the response to the message\n2. so that uninvited messages can't get it \n\nBy not having actual numbers that answer inside the building it makes it harder for people on the outside to find holes in your security. \n\nThis was more significant early on when it was more common for people to have more real numbers on their equipment. Now, since almost no one has real numbers on anything, the bad people get you to install stuff on your computer that calls out instead of trying to penetrate in to your network from the outside."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation",
"http://www.whatismyip.com/"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
7ojebi
|
what causes the throat so sometimes emit growling or high pitched noises in people who are sick?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7ojebi/eli5_what_causes_the_throat_so_sometimes_emit/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ds9yrjm"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"You can look up whooping cough, almost forgotten now. Respiratory illnesses, those affecting the lungs and passages to the lungs, often involve extra secretions by the cells lining the respiratory system. This is obviously an attempt to protect the body, or it might have been stimulated by an infectious agent because that would help to spread it. Since the vocal cords are in the middle of the system ii is highly likely we will get hoarse, or have a rasping voice, or make weird noises. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
7d19oc
|
what’s the point in having greek life in a university or college?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7d19oc/eli5_whats_the_point_in_having_greek_life_in_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dpu9o8h",
"dpuala2"
],
"score": [
9,
3
],
"text": [
"It's a ready-made social circle. A good fraternity or sorority can be a huge help because it gives you a group of people you can go to for advice, friendship, activities, etc. ",
"They often have test banks for classes that fraternity members took in previous semesters. You would think professors would switch up material to thwart this but you'd be surprised."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
34w6xe
|
why do construction sites half-heartedly put up those transparent fences?
|
I say half-heartedly because we can still see through them, most of the time they're just some transparent green plastic tarp. If they wanted to keep people out, a regular chain link fence should be enough, maybe with barbed wire. If they didn't want people to look at the site, a sturdier wooden fence would be better. It seems they want to discourage looking, but don't really care if people see. Why even bother with a fence? What's the harm in letting people see you build something?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/34w6xe/eli5_why_do_construction_sites_halfheartedly_put/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cqynaft",
"cqynjtr"
],
"score": [
3,
5
],
"text": [
"generally the fence is a safety issue meant only to deter the oblivious people that might wander in.\n\nObviousy it wouldnt keep a determined person out, perhaps they dont really care... just checking the box for their insurance requirements. but I imagine the bigger part is cost, easy to erect, cheap to buy, easy to remove.",
"The fence around construction site serves there purposes: prevent people from entering a potentially dangerous site, reduce noise and dust from the site, and cover up a potentially unsightly view. A tarp is used for the last two. If there is much to steal, trust me, there will be barbed wire and guards too. There are laws that regulate this stuff in many jurisdictions.... That tarp is probably the cheapest solution to stay compliant with the law."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
9z74p7
|
when you hear that certain industries are worth a certain amount, where do they get the figures from?
|
For example, I was watching a YouTube video on how parmesan cheese was produced, and they said the industries is said to be worth 2.2bn euros. Where do they gather those figures from? Probably quite simple but for my mind I can’t exactly figure it out.
Thanks!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9z74p7/eli5_when_you_hear_that_certain_industries_are/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ea6ugui",
"ea7682z"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"For the cheese industry that probably means the total value of all parmesan cheese sold (to consumers) each year is 2.2 billion Euros.\n As for how they get the data probably earnings reports from supermarkets",
"There is always some degree of estimation involved, but nearly every major industry (and a lot of not-so-major ones) has a variety of consultants, research analysts, government agencies, etc that track and report on production and other such metrics. Sometimes a government agency reports actual numbers (such as oil production), sometimes it's done statistically, sometimes you build it from the bottom up based on experience and whatever bits of data you can get. It's a reasonably big business because companies want to know how much their customers spend (and plan to spend next year).\n\nFor an extremely simplified example of a bottom-up analysis - suppose I am a market researcher in the toy industry. If I believe one out of 4 kids wants a new teddy bear each year, there are 50 million kids, and the average teddy bear costs $10, then I can say the teddy bear industry is:\n\n1/4 x 50,000,000 x 10 = 125 million dollars in sales\n\nLayer on as much complexity as you like here. Maybe I have a good relationship with a few teddy bear manufacturers and can get some feedback (after all, their executives and marketers are likely who will be reading the report, so they want it to be good - but without giving away anything confidential since their competition will read it too). Maybe I did an online poll of parents and found out a lot of kids want video games for Christmas, so I subjectively reduce the proportion to one out of 5. In a lot of cases you really can't ever know what the real, true number is because companies regard their sales and plans as confidential competitive info, you just have a very well-educated guess."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
a6chnz
|
why are there some diseases that you are likely to only get once? (such as chicken pox)
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a6chnz/eli5_why_are_there_some_diseases_that_you_are/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ebtqq6q"
],
"score": [
6
],
"text": [
"The body builds an immunity to the disease and prevents you from catching it again, which is basically your body creating its own vaccine."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
5zobfs
|
if you were to inject a cancer cell or any other non-communicable disease into a perfectly healthy person would they get that disease?
|
And if they could, why wouldn't it be considered a communicable disease?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5zobfs/eli5_if_you_were_to_inject_a_cancer_cell_or_any/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dezpxer"
],
"score": [
14
],
"text": [
"If you injected a cancer cell from one person into another person, their immune system would kill it. The trouble with cancer is that it's *your own cells* going out of control, and your immune system basically ignores it as being part of your body. That doesn't apply when it's cancer cells from someone else's body."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
8d2d18
|
when is it correct to use “whilst” and “whom” in a sentence??
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8d2d18/eli5_when_is_it_correct_to_use_whilst_and_whom_in/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dxjqm5t",
"dxjqwai"
],
"score": [
7,
2
],
"text": [
"If you can replace the word with \"he\" or \"she\" use who. If you can replace the word with \"him\" or \"her\" use whom.\nI don't know about whilst, my girlfriend says it's interchangeable. Whilst just makes you feel fancier",
"\"Whilst\" and \"while\" have the same meaning. \"Whilst\" is more common in British English than in American English. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
4f8ng5
|
how roulette works? can i play on one color by doubling my bet every time and wait to win that?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4f8ng5/eli5_how_roulette_works_can_i_play_on_one_color/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d26s5d1",
"d26sgdq"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Roulette will have a green zero on the wheel and almost always a green double zero. These make it so you will lose over time since the payout odds don't include these. Also your bet would get capped by the table maximum eventually. Trust me, long runs of not hitting a color can happen. ",
"You described one possible result that looks \"good\". What about all the other possible results? Say you win bet 1, what then? Make a small amount, cash out and go home? What if you lose ten times in a row - place bet #11? Is that more likely to succeed than bet #10?\n\nNo. Beware of the [Gambler's Fallacy] (_URL_0_) - the idea that the more you lose, the more likely you are to win later. Luck has no memory, and each spin of the wheel has zero connection to any previous spins. If you spin it 100 times and never see a 00, what are the odds of a 00 on spin #101? 1 in 38, same as it was in each of the 100 spins before that. \n\nBecause of this, you have to think of each spin as a statistically independent event, and analyse them accordingly. They don't form a \"chain\" or sequence in any way that guarantees a win. The casinos know this, and will happily watch you try such a scheme. There's no guarantee that you (individual) will win, or lose, but overall (looking at all gamblers) they always come out on top. (What, you think Las Vegas was built using charitable donations?)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambler%27s_fallacy"
]
] |
||
8kuado
|
why does it seem that flies and other insects move in "flashes" or choppy, quick movements?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8kuado/eli5_why_does_it_seem_that_flies_and_other/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dzajchs"
],
"score": [
12
],
"text": [
"Because they do. It's a survival mechanism that keeps small insects alive, the ability to dash quickly between spaces they can hide. You also see this ability in small mammals and lizards btw not just bugs. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
cs8vjp
|
how do bands/musicians that go out on tour get paid?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cs8vjp/eli5_how_do_bandsmusicians_that_go_out_on_tour/
|
{
"a_id": [
"exda4en"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"All the groups touring together have a contract that states what percentage of ticket sales they get. Generally these percentages are the same for the entire tour, but they can sometime vary by venue. None of them get money upfront, it all is paid after the fact from the money collected on ticket sales."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
duj4kr
|
how are there elements other than the ones stars fuse? (up to iron)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/duj4kr/eli5_how_are_there_elements_other_than_the_ones/
|
{
"a_id": [
"f76g6i2",
"f76go08",
"f76izp6",
"f76p5vs",
"f76soie"
],
"score": [
9,
4,
6,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Sudden high-energy events like **super**novas can generate small amounts of higher-numbered elements. This is also why they are so much rarer.\n\n\nEdit: Correcting terminology.",
"Supernovas make all the elements with a higher atomic number than iron; the higher the atomic number the more energy is required to make it. That is why those elements are so rare e.g. uranium and gold.",
"Recent theory is that a lot of it comes from neutron star collisions. A neutron star is essentially a giant atomic nucleus held together by gravity - just wall-to-wall neutrons (there's a bit more space near the surface though) - and when two of them collide, bits of this material are thrown out and break apart into presumably every possible type of atom.",
"Supernovas are the answer. Heavy elements are fused within the shockwave that rips through the stars outer layers before blasting the material into interstellar space. Temperature and pressure within are higher than in the core, but only for a very short time, so these elements are not immediately ripped apart again.",
"It's possible to fuse elements heavier than Iron, it just costs energy instead of producing it. Once fusion starts consuming energy instead of producing it, there's nothing to counteract gravity in the star and it collapses.\n\nSimilarly, it's theoretically possible to split an element like Oxygen it just takes more energy than you get out of the reaction. This is the reverse of heavy element fission (e.g. Uranium) which releases energy.\n\nIron is the tipping point on the periodical table where the fusion/fission energy balance switches."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
f5xbsl
|
what’s the point of having 2 locks on a front door? if the first lock can be picked, why not the second?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/f5xbsl/eli5_whats_the_point_of_having_2_locks_on_a_front/
|
{
"a_id": [
"fi1brsk",
"fi1c1gh",
"fi1drv3"
],
"score": [
3,
10,
2
],
"text": [
"Prevent it from getting kicked down/ take more time to pick and increase chance of being caught",
"Typically, one lock will be a deadbolt and one will be in the knob. The deadbolt one is stronger but less convenient.\n\nThat aside, multiple deadbolts make it harder to break in physically, which is a more common method of attack than picking. Picking, meanwhile, can be fairly slow. Picking two deadbolts is more of a pain than one. To keep thieves out, you only have to make your house inconvenient and risky enough to deter them, and not literally impossible to enter.",
"Two locks can always be picked, but it would take longer than picking one lock. Longer time spent doing a crime makes it more likely for the person to be caught or scared off or (even better) not to bother in the first place. Unless you're building the world's best bank vault, most any door is going to be *possible* to break into by someone who really wants in. The point is to avoid being an easy target. If I were breaking into a house to steal stuff, I'd probably pick the one with the easiest locks, or (best case scenario, or worst case for most of us), the one that was accidentally left unlocked.\n\nBesides that, most front doors have one lock on the knob and one deadbolt. The knob lock is weaker but slightly more convenient (since it's easy to turn and lock when you enter your house, and quicker to unlock). The deadbolt is stronger and digs in farther into the door frame, resisting being kicked in. The more locks on your door, and the sturdier they are, the harder it is to kick a door down, which is of course faster (though louder) than picking the lock."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
7tei1c
|
why does baby shampoo claim it’s “100% soap free” if shampoo is a type of soap?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7tei1c/eli5_why_does_baby_shampoo_claim_its_100_soap/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dtbv3em",
"dtbvslm",
"dtbxvcy"
],
"score": [
18,
9,
5
],
"text": [
"They use a different class of surfactants than normal shampoo or soap, basically allowing them to make the claim that it is not a \"soap\", despite still being a cleaning agent.",
"Chemically speaking soap is a salt of a fatty acid. Soap is a detergent, but not all detergents are soaps.",
"Soap has a specific chemical meaning.\n\nSoap is what you get when you mix fat (usually various vegetable oils, but you can use rendered animal fat, too) and lye (sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide).\n\nSo you can have a shampoo or body wash or whatever that doesn't have any soap in it because it uses different chemicals, that are not soaps, to help clean things.\n\nLye scares people, so on ingredient lists, many commercial manufacturers kind of cheat and list the fat+lye combination as a single item rather than listing them separately - e.g., \"sodium palmate\" is sodium hydroxide and palm oil and \"sodium cocoate\" is sodium hydroxide and coconut oil."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
qigwk
|
what is elo rating and how does it work?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/qigwk/eli5_what_is_elo_rating_and_how_does_it_work/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c3xv8fh",
"c3xwnem"
],
"score": [
7,
2
],
"text": [
"It's quite simple actually, in games like chess Elo rating compares two players and predicts the percentage of games one player is expected to win. If you do better, your rating increases, if you do worse it decreases. \n\nAs an example: You are playing against someone with a rating that is 100 points higher. According to the calculations, it is expected that out of 8 games, you'll win 3. Say it's your lucky day and you win 4 games. Your rating increases while your opponent's decreases, even though it's a tie. This, simply because it's expected that your opponent should've performed better cause of his higher rating.",
"It is a self adjusting rating system, designed by Arpad Elo. Note that since it is his name, and not an acronym, it is \"Elo\".\n\nEvery competitor in the game (typically chess) has a rating. After a game, the winner gains points and the loser loses them. How many depends on how their ratings compare...beating up on a noob only gets you a few points...scalping a top player gets you a lot. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
5i3qrm
|
how is the ecosystem of a river or lake not destroyed if it freezes over during winter?
|
You'd think that all of the fish and plants wouldn't be able to recover but they do somehow.
How is this?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5i3qrm/eli5_how_is_the_ecosystem_of_a_river_or_lake_not/
|
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"Only the top of the water freezes. Fish are notable in that they don't need to breath air so they don't really need access to the surface in order to survive.",
"Ice acts to insulate a body of water, when the top layer of a lake or pond is frozen, the water below stays at a somewhat constant temperature above freezing, and freezes exceptionally slow after the first few inches of ice form. In most cases, especially a flowing river, it'll never have time to freeze completely through before the seasons change again. Additionally, besides the oxygen already dissolved into the water pre-freezing, air is often trapped beneath ice, supplying enough oxygen/CO2 to dissolve into the lake to keep the fish and plant life \"breathing.\" ",
"Ice has a rare property among compounds. It is lighter in its solid state than it is in its liquid state. If it did behave like most other things, when it froze, ice would sink to the bottom and stay frozen. Particularly in deep bodies of water like the ocean. Ice would form and sink over and over. Eventually the whole ocean would fill up with solid ice and never melt. Then everything would truly die.",
"Unlike other liquids, when water freezes, it becomes less dense (same reason why a full bottle of water cracks when it is frozen, as the ice expands, and why ice cubes float to the top). \n\nSo when the top of the water freezes, it stays at the top and acts as insulation for the water so the temperature doesn't drop dramatically. This is also helped by the fact that water requires a fair amount of energy to drop temperature.",
"Because the ecosystem of the lake river developed over millions of years within that cycle and are literally made to survive the conditions.",
"Time to reread Catcher in the Rye. Holden Caulfield asks the same question. The other answers are correct but incomplete in that they don't mention winter torpor. When a cold blooded animal, such as a fish, gets cold it becomes torpid; its metabolism slows way down meaning it needs less oxygen and less nutrition to survive. It's almost like hibernation in mammals, but less asleep and more just slowed way down. Fish, frogs, snakes, and most critters that slither or crawl enter a state of torpor during the winter months. Some frogs even freeze solid in their mud nests and then thaw out in the spring.",
"But they don't always recover. Certain shallow lakes can have massive amounts of fish die during harsh/long winter, It's referred to as winterkill. To my understanding when these shallow lakes get cut off from sunlight (via snowfall/ice that isn't clear) the vegetation from the bottom of the lake starts to use up the oxygen from the lake causing fish to die. I'm from northern Minnesota and know of a few lakes that are susceptible to this",
"There is another factor, lake turnover. \n\nWater is its densest at 4 degrees C, or 39.2 degrees F. After that, it gets less dense until it freezes. When the surface of the water cools down to that temperature, it sinks down to the bottom of the lake, and the lake 'turns over'. \n\nThis takes the dissolved oxygen from the top of the lake to the bottom, and the water that was on the bottom that is normally low oxygen gets a chance to get more oxygen from the air before the surface freezes over. This can actually be pretty beneficial, because if lakes don't turnover and freeze, the bottom is just always low oxygen and the ecosystem is less dynamic. I was told this is why lakes up north tend to have better fishing than ones that don't freeze over down south.\n\nThis was all taken from my Environmental Science and Biology classes, but you can also google lake turnover to get many more details.",
"Ok, let me preface this by the fact that I am not an ichthyologist, but I am a member of Trout Unlimited, a national river and water conservation group.\n\n\nSo I'll focus on rivers as they are what I know best from TU. Rivers are a huge food pyramid in the lower 48 states. Most of the food in rivers is actually invertebrate. There's thousands of species of little bugs that live in the bottom attached to rocks or just below the surface of the the mud. \n\nSome species of fish, particularly the salmonoids, (Trout, Char, Salmon) are actually most active around 45-55 degrees F. Above that and their metabolism starts to slow. At 70F most will stop feeding and seek thermal refuges in the river. Trout in the river feed primarily on these invertebrates, some fish, and eggs (in Alaska especially). Below 45 they start to get sluggish. I've fished for Steelhead in water that is 34F and air temp 19F.\n\n\nNow when water is that cold, you get an occurrence of what is called \"anchor ice\". Ice that is actually freezing from the bottom up. It's been my experience that it mostly occurs in the slow water. Rivers that trout like, and Steelhead in particular here in the Northeast US have plenty of winter flow, and even in extreme temperatures, don't freeze over.\n\n\nIn the extreme latitudes fish will seek refuge in nooks and crannies of the river or lake bottoms. It's rare that a body of water ever fully freezes. Every once in a great while you'll find a lake that will freeze from the bottom up; again the anchor ice phenomenon. This is actually pretty gruesome, and all the fish will be on the surface frozen solid (google it).\n\n\nSome ecosystems, particularly where Salmon reside in the river are actually not very diverse. A huge portion of the biomass that enters the river is from the salmon themselves. It forms what's called a Salmon forest and these salmon feed the plants, and animals of the entire biome.\n\n\nAll of this happens based on the river temperature. Things slow down, but don't stop when it's cold.",
"The fish are not only alive, but they are awake and foraging for whatever small amounts fo food are available. [You can go ice fishing on lakes that freeze to enough depth to support your weight](_URL_0_)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://dnr.wi.gov/org/caer/ce/eek/nature/icefish.htm"
]
] |
|
34sqsk
|
what would happen if a person somehow slipped into a blue whale's blowhole?
|
My sister has been wondering this for pretty much all my life, and is too scared to post this, so i'm doing it on her behalf. can anyone cross this off her bucket list for us? Thanks.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/34sqsk/eli5_what_would_happen_if_a_person_somehow/
|
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"A blue whale's blow hole is about 20 inches. You could not fall in, though if you got your foot stick it could choke the whale. ",
"A blue whale's blowhole is only big enough to squeeze a toddler into, anything that big would become wedged, a full sized adult could not fit.",
"I have an irrational fear of blue whales (no bullshitting Idk if it's a phobia or what) and this is the first time I've been to this sub in months. Imagine the feeling you'd get being at the edge of the Empire St building just looking down, that's now the feeling I have. ",
"haven't you seen pinocchio?",
"I read the title as \"butthole.\" Does that change the answer?",
"Super Mario 2 ... You can use them to jump to higher platform ..[watch out the ice is slippery](_URL_0_)",
" > ELI5: What would happen if a person somehow slipped into a blue whale's butthole?\n\nFTFY",
"Okay, let's throw in a hypothetical here, since the consensus is that the blowhole is too small to fit even a toddler.\n\nI am an anorexic dwarf midget with narrow bone disease, and I can in fact slide through a whale's blowhole.\n\nWhat happens?",
"If something got stuck in your nose, what would happen? You'd blow hard and dislodge it. Problem solved. ",
"Depends...was the sea angry that day, my friend?",
"Do other sea animals happen to get caught in the whales blowhole?",
"Let's say you are on Ms. Frizzles Magic School bus and today the class is going into a whales blowhole. Well the good news is that you won't be digested because a whales respiratory system is not connected to their digestive system; they can't breath through their mouths like we can. The bad news is that you will likely die anyways. Basically you would end up in a naval cavity closer to the bottom of his head if you didn't get stuck in the tube from the blowhole. You would normally choke the whale by going down its airways but I guess through magic the school bus is tiny enough to not disturb the whales breathing. Here you would asphyxiate once the whale went underwater and closed off your access to oxygen. ",
"Melville writes about falling into a whale in Moby Dick. One of the harpooners, Tashtego, digs a hole in the head of a dead sperm whale (to extract oil) and winds up slipping into it and sinking to the bottom. After he's rescued there's a gorgeously gruesome passage that imagines what it'd be like to die inside a whale's head. It doesn't exactly match the scenario in your question but it might sate your sister's curiosity :).\n\nHere it is: Chapter 78, \"Cistern and Buckets.\" _URL_0_",
"So wait, why can't I ride a whale?",
"I've never been into biology or zoology but I love physics. If it's anything like a black hole, there's a theory that you would pop out of a blowhole of another whale. "
]
}
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[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
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"http://www.mariowiki.com/images/thumb/b/be/Smb2whale.png/180px-Smb2whale.png"
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[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/42/moby-dick/759/chapter-78-cistern-and-buckets/"
],
[],
[]
] |
|
amqxrk
|
how do the sensor bars at the entrances and exits of shops work?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/amqxrk/eli5_how_do_the_sensor_bars_at_the_entrances_and/
|
{
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"text": [
"It emmits a laser beam (usually IR) that reflects of the surrounding structure, the sensor picks up the reflection (the echo so to say) if something enters the area the echo changes and the sensor realises it and opens the door "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
5zdp4s
|
how the hell does lays / doritos get their chips to taste exactly like what they say they taste like??
|
I'm sitting here eating a bag of Chicken & Waffles Lays potato chips, and I'm tasting it all. The syrup, the chicken, the bread of the waffles. Obviously for some flavors it's easy to make seasoning that tastes like syrup, or tacos, etc. but how do you make chicken seasoning, or baked potato? Is it a placebo thing?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5zdp4s/eli5_how_the_hell_does_lays_doritos_get_their/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dexags3"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I'm not sure I have a detailed example but I can say that they hire some of the top food scientists available (a good friend of mine has a Ph.D. in food chemistry and has worked for them for over 20 years now) who spend their time working specifically on this type of issue. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
8yzo2q
|
i have been petrified of heights my entire life i.e. i get severe anxiety when walking through the second level of a shopping mall and i am scared of climbing a 4 foot ladder, however i really enjoy flying in a planes and helicopters, why?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8yzo2q/eli5_i_have_been_petrified_of_heights_my_entire/
|
{
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"text": [
"You trust your skill or that of the pilot more than your coordination.\n\nIt is not an irrational risk assessment.",
"I get anxious on bridges and step ladders, but I love roller coasters. The taller they are, the better. For me it’s about safety. Walking across a bridge freaks me out because I could very easily lean too far over the railing and die. I could very easily fall backwards off a step ladder and hit my head. But on a roller coaster if it clicks like it’s supposed to and I feel confident that I’m safe, then I’m fine. However, I refuse to ride those huge swings that hang from chains or the rides at state fairs because I don’t trust those enough. ",
"Heights that are beyond our comprehension no longer seem high. It's beyond what we can perceive as a risk. Flying is relatively new to our species and it's not in us to register flying as a height risk. Some people have a fear of flying but are fine standing on a 10-story balcony; some people are the opposite, like you; and some can be afraid of heights AND flying although they are two different phobias. ",
"I am a pilot and am also scared of heights. My own analysis of this is that when I’m up on a top floor in a mall, I’m not moving much relative to what’s below me (or only moving very slowly). There is a certain lack of speed and control. When I’m flying, I’m constantly moving at a relatively fast speed against what’s underneath me, and I have complete control. \n\nIt is the lack of control that you fear, essentially. \n\nAlso take into consideration we can identify and relate to the sizable amount of people and objects when we’re in a mall, looking down. When you’re flying, mostly everything looks like 1:72 scale models. There’s less you can immediately relate to that can give you a sense of scale. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
4etmc0
|
why are houses less expensive in texas?
|
compared to the majority of other US states
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4etmc0/eli5_why_are_houses_less_expensive_in_texas/
|
{
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"text": [
"99.9% of goods/services out in the market follow the simple rule of supply and demands. When the demand for a good/service rise, the price also rise. So, to answer your question, houses in Texas are in less demands than say, California, hence in comparison, houses in Texas are cheaper than houses in California. The reasons for the rise or fall of demands can be anything, weather, environment, crime rate, etc.",
"Evidence for this? Trends are usually on a city-by-city basis. For instance, in Austin homes are rather expensive and rising every day.",
"No geographic limitations to contain sprawl and less of a concentrated central business core, so builders can just keep going further and further out in every direction. This reduces the value of land compared to places where more limited supply and growing demand drives up prices.\n\nNew York City is constrained by the geography, especially in Manhattan where it's an island. And even people in outlying areas need to be within a certain distance of Manhattan by car or train so those areas are also expensive. Chicago is along Lake Michigan, so it effectively loses almost half it's natural sprawl radius from downtown, and LA also has limitations due to the Pacific Ocean as well as mountains/canyons, although there is less of a defined city center compared to New York or Chicago.\n\nNewer major cities like Houston, Dallas, Phoenix, Atlanta aren't build on major bodies of water that inhibit outward growth in any direction, and they have more decentralized pockets of business/commerce to which people can comfortably commute form different areas."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
38f83v
|
why did the west support iraq instead of iran in the iran-iraq war?
|
I just started learning about the Iran-Iraq war of 1980 and I don't understand why the west supported Iraq a dictatorship instead of Iran? Especially when I read statements like this one:
"They were especially inclined to fear Iranian victory after Ayatollah Khomeini declared monarchies to be illegitimate and an un-Islamic form of government. Khomeini's statement was widely received as a call to overthrow the Gulf monarchies."
Especially with what is going on in Saudi-Arabia and other Dictatorships aka Monarchies in the area nowadays, I wonder why especially the west choose to support those? Iraq was even the aggressor in the war and was the first to use chemical warfare. Also why is the west still having sanctions in place against Iran and not against countries like Qatar and Saudi-Arabia? I obviously wasn't born then, so that's why I'm asking!
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/38f83v/eli5_why_did_the_west_support_iraq_instead_of/
|
{
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"text": [
"Lots of complicated reasons:\n\nIran was and is preaching and practicing violent overthrow and opposition of Western style governments and a return or institution of Islamic fundamentalism. That policy was there from the start, and as far as America is concerned continues today in things like developing anti-ship missiles to threaten the oil coming out of the Persian Gulf, nuclear weapons, and sponsoring terrorist bombings.\n\nAt the beginning just after the Revolution Iranian fundamentalists seized the American embassy and it personal in 1979 and held them for over a year. That made the government an enemy of the West (read America) instantly. One of the things you do not do in international politics is violate an embassy. And you most certainly don't then hold the staff for 444 days. Afterwards they have funded [terrorist bombings](_URL_0_) and funded groups considered terrorists in other endeavors. Further distancing itself from the West. \n\nIraq and the rest of the middle east may have been run by horrible dictators and monarchs but they were dictators killing only their own people (and opposed to communism). The West doesn't care if you kill your own people if there is a guy out there killing Westerners. The West didn't care if your a fascist dictator as long as you opposed Communism. The modern opposition to monarchy in the area is just that modern, like since the fall of the Soviet Union. \n\nTodays sanctions on Iran go back to the Iranian revolution but remain in place because of it present policy of trying to create nuclear weapons and missile technology that the West feels threatens it and its allies (Israel and Saudi Arabia). There are two potential regional powers in the area, Iran and the Saudis and because of the events of the Revolution the U.S. pushing the U.S. away from Iran it is firmly a supporter of the Saudi's who are firmly against Iran because of the Shia/Sunni divide. Before the Revolution Iran was the major U.S. ally in the area.",
"In the 1950s, the democratically-elected Prime Minister of Iran stood up and told the American and British oil companies that were sucking the country dry that he thought that the people were getting a raw deal, and they really deserved a bigger cut of the profits. The west told him to STFU and go sit back down at the kiddy table. So he nationalized the oil fields.\n\nWell, that's yer actual communism right there, and we can't have that, so the CIA hired some goons to foment a coup, the government was overthrown, and a puppet government installed in its place, run by a murdering, torturing dictator who was happy to sell oil cheap to the west. The CIA also trained his secret police how to stifle dissent. And that wasn't by writing stern reprimands. So The Shah brutally repressed, arrested, disappeared, and murdered its people, all under the smiling gaze of Uncle Sam.\n\nFinally in the late 70s, the people got sick of the Shah's shit and overthrew him. At first, the revolution was an egalitarian, non-religious affair, but hard-core, conservative religionists moved in and hijacked it, and Iran became a conservative Muslim theocracy. In the process a bunch of students stormed the US embassy and took 52 American hostages. The US was outraged, OUTRAGED!! because, I mean, what had we ever done to THEM? The newly-installed theocracy were even MORE anti-west, and they ratcheted up the Death to America rhetoric even more.\n\nSo Iran became our sworn enemy. When Saddam Hussein decided he wanted a bit more Lebensraum and invaded Iran, the US fell back on that old tried-and-true policy \"the enemy of my enemy is my friend,\" and helped Saddam massacre Iranians. We provided him military intelligence, advisers, and possibly weapons. Everybody *knew* Saddam was a murderous thug, it's just that we hated Iran more.\n\nThere's a famous photo of (then presidential envoy) Don Rumsfeld shaking hands with Saddam. This was shot during a meeting when Reagan had sent Rumsfeld to tell Saddam that if Iraq wanted to...ohhhh, I dunno...sayyyyy--hypothetically--use chemical weapons on Iran, that the US would probably be on vacation that week and TOTALLY wouldn't notice. We might have also sold him the supplies to do it. So Iraq used illegal chemical weapons on Iran (and on its own Kurdish people).\n\nWe followed that up in 1988 when the US guided missile cruiser USS Vincennes decided it didn't like the way Iranian Air flight 655 was flying so normally in its pre-declared flight path, and shot it down (in Iranian airspace), killing all 290 civilians on board.\n\nThe truly amazing thing to me is that even today, after all the shit the US government has dumped on Iran (and continues to dump), an awful lot of the Iranian *people* actually still LIKE Americans (when you can get them out of range of the ears of government snoops). These are people we should be tripping over ourselves to make friends with, not beating the drum for bombing them some more. Yeah, their *government* talks a lot of smack, but what government doesn't?\n\nIf the US had any CLUE how to actually spread peace and democracy--and make no mistake, we DON'T--we could inspire the Iranian people to dump the Ayatollahs and become a truly democratic state and important US ally. Don't hold yer breath.\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_and_state-sponsored_terrorism"
],
[]
] |
|
59z4ew
|
does elevation affect how sound, like someone's voice, sounds?
|
For instance if one were to listen to someone talk at sea level and then again at the same elevation of Mt. Everest, would there be a noticeable difference in the sound of their voice?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/59z4ew/eli5_does_elevation_affect_how_sound_like/
|
{
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"text": [
"Yes, the higher up you go the lower the air pressure is.\nLower air pressure means that the air molecules are less densely packed and this slows down the speed of sound through the air.\n\nSpeed of sound is related to two things, the frequency of the sound wave, and it's wavelength. The wavelength of a sound produced by a person is fixed due to things like the size of their mouth and throat cavity. \n\nReducing speed of sound will reduce the frequency of a sound wave, this is perceived as sounding lower in pitch. \n\nThe colder air also decreases the speed of sound, however the relative effect is less than the change die to air density.\n\nA similar effect is observed when breathing helium. Helium is lighter than air but has similar density, this leads to an increased speed of sound and therefore and increased frequency which is perceived as a higher pitched voice \n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
3k4t5j
|
the plot line for assassins creed games.
|
I understand that there is the Assassins order and they fight the templars. But why are the bad guys bad, what their beef with Assassins, and how is it pertinent through such a massive length of time?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3k4t5j/eli5_the_plot_line_for_assassins_creed_games/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cuusijg"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"They are fighting over ancient alien artifacts that have the power to control the minds of humans. They are constantly stealing them from each other trying to hide, use or collect these devices. The Templars have a history of trying to use the mind controlling powers for evil like enslaving people."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2dupo7
|
how do i rename links to anything i want?
|
For example if I wanted to link someone to a rickroll video, but on the blue text link it would say anything I want like "source".
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2dupo7/eli5_how_do_i_rename_links_to_anything_i_want/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cjt991u"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Check the formatting help button at the bottom right. :3"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
78r1m1
|
why do cars look like they are going faster the closer they get to you?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/78r1m1/eli5_why_do_cars_look_like_they_are_going_faster/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dovzosc"
],
"score": [
26
],
"text": [
"Your eyes do not measure linear velocity. They measure angular velocity.\n\nLets take an example of a car moving 100 km/h in one second of time. At a long distance, it will look like it's moving slowly because the angle between where it was and where it is now, relative to you, is small. Now put the same car in front of you. It just crossed your whole 180 degree field of vision, and thus looks like it moved really fast."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
3mx892
|
who starts these ridiculous fb status "hoaxes", and what is the point?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3mx892/eli5_who_starts_these_ridiculous_fb_status_hoaxes/
|
{
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"text": [
"I assume it's the same kinds of folks who start chain mails, write graffiti on walls, take credit for starting a wave, or eagerly try to accumulate reddit karma points.\n\nThere's something very satisfying about knowing we matter, that we can affect other people, and even if that thing is extremely trivial, there's satisfaction nonetheless...",
"There are always troll, extremist, or ignorant pages that people like with misleading information. All it takes is one person to throw a stone in the pond.",
"I am 99.9% sure that 4-Chan has organised the iPhone microwave charging and waterproof iPhone software hoaxes. So there are some groups of people doing it. But that from was a Youtube video, so not 100% credible.",
"Just heard an npr episode about this. \n\nThe answer is often, lonely underfurlfilled people with alot of time. They make up crazy stories to get attention and create facebooks and things to make it look real. \n\nThe people interviewed by npr said they started them without knowing how big they'd get.",
"I sort of worked with intelligence collection agencies in the past and an interesting tidbit I learned about the email hoaxes was that folks who forwarded email hoaxes were targeted by more scams because only someone who believes random emails could get scammed like that. There's also the very obvious thing about cookies and malware they can spread via emails. \n\nAs for Facebook, shrug. But I'm assuming it can be used to exploit cyber security somehow, likely through social engineering. ",
"the point is to weed out the idiots an get them to expose themselves. They are gullibility tests.",
"Ever seen how some hoaxes or disgusting \"inspirational\" images stem from pages you liked years ago, like \"I LIK NUTELLA\" or \"Being on the beach with my bff\" ? \n\nPeople, often in third world countries, seek those pages and buy them off from their creators (when you create a page it's linked to your own profile, and you can transfer the admin rights). \n\nThey then have 100k-10M people that will have whatever they advertise stuck in their timeline. Imagine how cheap that is. You can buy a page for a thousand dollars, and advertise as much as you want; companies are ready to pay TV channels $100,000 to have an audience that big, only once, only for 30 seconds.\n\nNow that you have that miraculous advertising platform, how do you increase your viewers numbers, targeting preferentially gullible people (they're the ones who buy your shit or click on adverts on your website) ? Well you craft some hoax or some stupid sunset-backed quote image that will ensure they'll like it, share it and therefore advertise your page to their stupid friends. Because even if you've not liked a page, it'll show up as \"your stupid friend has liked/commented on that ! Check it out !\"\n\nAnd this, my friends, is why there's almost no more posts from your friends popping up in your timeline. This is why Facebook, who was, a long time ago, a platform to get news from your friends, has instead become a neverending flow of stupid crap and advertising."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2atm7f
|
- why can't i write a test for a university diploma like a ged?
|
I'm 40. I know most of this stuff just give me a degree. I'll pay, I just don't have time.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2atm7f/eli5_why_cant_i_write_a_test_for_a_university/
|
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"text": [
"You can test for some classes, but for a whole degree, no.",
"There is no standard definition for a college degree. That means each college has to put there reputation behind there degree. They are only willing to do this if you take a min number of credits. (They make money)",
"I think of a degree as a \"the university thinks this student will be a good employee\" paper, and not a certificate of knowledge. The commitment of time and money, as well as the knowledge you gain from school are all valued in a degree. When you remove the time factor it completely changes how an employer looks at a college degree. The employer wants to know if you can commit time to his business; the degree shows you can.",
"You can test out of certain classes, but not an entire degree. There is literally no way you understand everything that would be encompassed by a bachelor's degree. ",
"Because there is no single test that can replicate four years worth of coursework and exams. \n\nThere is another way, however. If you achieve sufficient expertise and mastery in your field, for example by becoming a highly respected author or artist, or by contributing to human knowledge or culture in some very significant way, then you may be selected as a recipient of an honorary degree, typically a doctorate. Typically the graduating class nominates candidates and the university makes the final selection, so you still can't just pay for it, you have to actually earn it. ",
"Just pay and don't go to class show off..."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
22fkjt
|
what is the point of fast food franchises? wouldn't it be better and more profitable for the restaurants to just open a store owned by them outright?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/22fkjt/eli5_what_is_the_point_of_fast_food_franchises/
|
{
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"text": [
"It lets you take advantage of a nationally recognized brand, and all of its advertising and good will. You are also buying a method to operate the store, and---usually---access to certain goods (like containers or raw materials) that you wouldn't otherwise be able to get. ",
"You are paying for the name of the franchise. If you set up a KFC, you will be much more likely to get paying customers (as they know what to expect) than if you set up your own restaurant.",
"One really big thing you get is marketing. When was the last time you saw a TV ad for Eddie's Hamburger Shack?",
"The advantage is that the franchisees accept a substantial part of the risk of the venture. One of those risks is borrowing the money to build the facility where the franchise will be located. Another risk is navigating the maze of permits and regulations which are different in every place you might want to open a business. A third is the risk of litigation if someone in the franchisee is negligent, fraudulent or commits a crime.\n\nThe franchise system lets a company grow much faster than it could if it had to open every new venue on its own. Fast growth can create a barrier to entry for a competitive product. Getting your stores into as many locations as possible, as fast as possible, is a way of maximizing the footprint your business has in its target market."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
kmm9w
|
how does religious confession work?
|
I've heard that they are obliged not to speak about anything that happens in the box between you and the pastor, but what happens if you talk about murder or dealing drugs or, hit and run? Is the pastor or whatever then required to report this to the authorities or does the contract of religion keep him/her silent?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/kmm9w/eli5_how_does_religious_confession_work/
|
{
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"text": [
"There are two sides to this story … but the fact is, they both have the same ending.\n\nIn canon law — that is, the law that governs the actions of priests while they carry out their duties to the Church — what you're referring to is called *the seal of the confessional.* The seal of the confessional is *absolutely inviolable.* That means that whatever is disclosed to a priest during the sacrament of confession cannot be disclosed to anyone, under any circumstances, no exceptions, period, end of paragraph.\n\nSo say you have a penitent — that is, a person doing the confessing — who during the sacrament confesses to his priest that he, just to pick an example, has murdered his wife. Under canon law, the priest is absolutely forbidden from disclosing that statement to *anyone,* including civil law enforcement. This prohibition also extends to anyone who rightly or wrongly overhears the confession, such as a translator or just some random somebody who happens to be walking by the confessional.\n\nThe priest, upon hearing such a confession, may urge the penitent to turn himself in to the secular authority, but he may not make that a condition of absolution. In other words, the priest cannot withhold absolution from a penitent who confesses his crime before God but not before the civil authority.\n\nThere are some exceptions, but they're very narrow in scope. For example, if a penitent confesses that he *intends* to commit a murder, the priest can go to his bishop and seek absolution for violating the seal of the confessional in order to save the life of an innocent. But such an absolution would generally not be sought, nor granted if sought, if the topic were a crime that *had been* committed. It's one thing to break the seal of the confessional to save a life, but another thing entirely to do so merely in the name of civil justice.\n\nSo that's the canon law side of things. The *civil* side of things, as a rule, respects canon law in this matter. A priest cannot be compelled to testify about what goes on in the confessional, nor can a priest be held personally liable for failing to report what goes on in the confessional to the civil authorities. Furthermore, there is precedent in criminal law for the inadmissibility of evidence obtained from within the confessional no matter what the means. There was a famous case that I can't recall the details of right now in which an attorney on one side or the other of some criminal case sought to admit an audio recording made within a confessional. The recording was *not* admitted, and in fact it was seized by the court and destroyed. If I remember correctly, the ruling cited both the fourth *and* the first amendments, but again, I'm groggy on the details.\n\nThe long story made short is that the state has a vested interest in what crimes you, as an individual *have* committed or *intend* to commit, but *no interest whatsoever* in what goes on between you and your God. The Church does not invite the state into the confessional, and the state does not try to find a way in.",
"There's a debate about this in Ireland at the minute arising from priests confessing about their crimes (involving children and such) to other priests. ",
"There are two sides to this story … but the fact is, they both have the same ending.\n\nIn canon law — that is, the law that governs the actions of priests while they carry out their duties to the Church — what you're referring to is called *the seal of the confessional.* The seal of the confessional is *absolutely inviolable.* That means that whatever is disclosed to a priest during the sacrament of confession cannot be disclosed to anyone, under any circumstances, no exceptions, period, end of paragraph.\n\nSo say you have a penitent — that is, a person doing the confessing — who during the sacrament confesses to his priest that he, just to pick an example, has murdered his wife. Under canon law, the priest is absolutely forbidden from disclosing that statement to *anyone,* including civil law enforcement. This prohibition also extends to anyone who rightly or wrongly overhears the confession, such as a translator or just some random somebody who happens to be walking by the confessional.\n\nThe priest, upon hearing such a confession, may urge the penitent to turn himself in to the secular authority, but he may not make that a condition of absolution. In other words, the priest cannot withhold absolution from a penitent who confesses his crime before God but not before the civil authority.\n\nThere are some exceptions, but they're very narrow in scope. For example, if a penitent confesses that he *intends* to commit a murder, the priest can go to his bishop and seek absolution for violating the seal of the confessional in order to save the life of an innocent. But such an absolution would generally not be sought, nor granted if sought, if the topic were a crime that *had been* committed. It's one thing to break the seal of the confessional to save a life, but another thing entirely to do so merely in the name of civil justice.\n\nSo that's the canon law side of things. The *civil* side of things, as a rule, respects canon law in this matter. A priest cannot be compelled to testify about what goes on in the confessional, nor can a priest be held personally liable for failing to report what goes on in the confessional to the civil authorities. Furthermore, there is precedent in criminal law for the inadmissibility of evidence obtained from within the confessional no matter what the means. There was a famous case that I can't recall the details of right now in which an attorney on one side or the other of some criminal case sought to admit an audio recording made within a confessional. The recording was *not* admitted, and in fact it was seized by the court and destroyed. If I remember correctly, the ruling cited both the fourth *and* the first amendments, but again, I'm groggy on the details.\n\nThe long story made short is that the state has a vested interest in what crimes you, as an individual *have* committed or *intend* to commit, but *no interest whatsoever* in what goes on between you and your God. The Church does not invite the state into the confessional, and the state does not try to find a way in.",
"There's a debate about this in Ireland at the minute arising from priests confessing about their crimes (involving children and such) to other priests. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
5nsw46
|
how do generations work/progress? (millennial, gen x, baby boomers, etc)
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5nsw46/eli5how_do_generations_workprogress_millennial/
|
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"Your perception of generations doesn't fall in line with the scientific definition. In general generations are 15-20 year spans. Your parents are Gen Xers. That generation birth year ranges from mid 60's to late 70's. Millennials were born from early 80's to mid to late 90's. The generation being born now are referred to as \"Gen Z\" \"Founders\" or \"Post-Millennials.\"\n\nGenerations are a methodology to group and generalize seemingly disparate groups who's only commonality is the time they were born in. In doing so people are able to make assumptions and form ideals around the common experiences and so forth of a group. ",
"\"Generations\" aren't a real thing; they're a method of generically classifying a group of people who were raised with similar experiences; for example, \"Gen X\" generally means people who grew up with MTV, home video games, cordless telephones, and glasnost. Millenials grew up with internet, cellular phones, 9/11, common core, etc.\n\nSo, it *sort of* lines up that a parent will be a different generation from their kids, but in terms of actual years born it doesn't line up -- for example, my wife is a little older than me, and she falls on the edge of baby-boomer, and I fall on the edge of Generation X, but all our kids are pretty much millenials, although the oldest sort of falls into Generation X too.\n\nThis isn't all-encompassing, though: the experiences of a Gen X inner city black person is going to be quite different from a Gen X farm kid from Nebraska, vs one from Southern California. The aspects of \"Gen X\" very general, and tend towards very macro things: media, economy, national laws, public history.\n\nSome people use these terms for analysis reasons, as an easy way to identify poll subjects or classes of people, others use it as a badge of \"I belong\" and \"us vs them\" -- Millenials get a lot of the short stick for this from Baby Boomers, who clearly don't remember what crappy workers they were when they were 19 -- but there's not a lot of cut-and-dried science to it, it's a blurry continuum.",
"It is completely subjective and arbitrary but usually revolves around some central defining feature. If such a feature is missing, the generation is often vague, and exists between more distinct generations.\n\nFor example, you have:\n\n* The Lost Generation - names for the manpower lost in World War I\n* The Greatest Generation - those who came of age during the Great Depression and served in WWII, a period that saw the US right in prominence\n* The Silent Generation - kind of placeholder, many served in Korea and Vietnam\n* The Baby Boomers - children of the Great Generation, beneficiaries of the post WWII economic boom\n* Gen X - smaller, cynical general trying to escape the shadow of the larger Baby Boomers, post moon landing, post Watergate...also, first computer literate generation\n* Millenials - first internet and post 9/11 generation\n\nIn all of these generations, you have gray areas. If you were born in 1960, you are going to be called a Baby Boomer, but you didn't worry your draft number or enjoy the Summer of Love.",
"They didn't label people in the US as having generations until the Baby Boomers came along. In fact the category \"teenager\" didn't exist until the 1950s. The reason for the boomers getting a name for themselves is that they were a distinct phenomenon that radically altered the demographics and cultural focus of the USA. If you look at a chart of US demographics, you'll see that there was a huge rise in number of births starting at the end of WW2 and ending in 1964. So that surge in births got a name, and the beginning and ending years weren't arbitrarily chosen, but rather were based on this noticeable spike in births. \n\nHowever, demographers generally say a generation is 20 years, so it conveniently fit into that pattern too. But once one group was named, people wanted to name other cohorts, because how else can you generalize? So what do you call groups that aren't boomers? I'm Gen X , and the year you start Gen X was easy--it starts when boomers end--1965. But when does it end? There's no firm, factual break that can be pointed to as the stopping point, unlike with boomers, so it's a little fuzzy, and different people have different designations. \n\nAlso, people didn't know what to call gen x, so there were various attempts to name it. There was \"baby busters\" (bust after boom), generation x, the 13th generation (because that's the number of generations since the US was colonized or something). Gen x stuck after a book was called that. But X sort of is a good designation, because it's a generation that is under-emphasized, being smaller than and overshadowed by boomers and millennials. \n\nLater they went back and named the previous generations--the Greatest Generation and the Silent Generation. The people in the middle of each generation will likely seem the most idealized rendition of that generation, while the oldest and youngest will seem not quite to fit, which is why you are not thinking of your parents as Gen x , even though they are. \n\nAnd while President Obama is a Boomer, technically, having been born at the tail end of the boomer generation, he really seems to be more Gen X, because he's so much younger than the oldest boomers and his life experience has been so progressive. \n\nThere are always people ahead of their time, and free spirits like Obama's mother was one of them, as is Obsma. And John Lennon of the Beatles was born in 1940--the Silent Generation--but he defined a lot of the boomer years so it's weird to not think of him as a boomer. And people born in big cities are often in the vanguard of what is to come, while those in small towns might live a more traditional life that is more similar to earlier generations' experiences."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
2vviv8
|
why are there so many english words in japan?
|
Watching a video of the New 3DS review recently, the guy had a Japanese model. In the shortcut settings, there's a setting to turn Wireless and NFC on/off.
On his version the option was called ワイヤレスのための/NFC (no idea if that Japanese is correct, but it'll do for an example).
My questions is why is it labelled < some Japanese text > /NFC (where NFC is in English)? Why not < Japanese word for wireless > / < Japanese word for NFC > ?
And now I think about this, I've seen loads of other examples on TV, etc, over the years.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2vviv8/eli5why_are_there_so_many_english_words_in_japan/
|
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"text": [
"NFC is an acronym (near-field communication, IIRC) for a technical concept/technology. Since English is the default language for technology, it's much easier to just say NFC than to translate \"near-field communication\" to Japanese and write that. Most people who would be interested in NFC know the English acronym already, so there's no gain to be had.",
"There's not always a direct translation to put it simply. Rather than make up some new words they just use the English word. Also something like NFC might be an international standard but I would have to check on that. Using an English word is common in other languages as well. For example if you see a Spanish commercial for McDonald's they just say McDonald's and mcdouble and other words you can recognize rather than coming up with new words as seen here _URL_0_\nTl;Dr it's just easier to use English sometimes",
"Why do English speakers use the words schadenfreude (German), hors d'oeuvre (French), piñata (Spanish), al fresco (Italian), in absentia (Latin) and karaoke (Japanese)? Because often different languages will have words that don't have direct translations, and in those cases it's common to just \"borrow\" the word as is.\n\nIn technology, it would be more common for other languages to \"borrow\" English words/phrases as the most commonly used international language in technology industries is English. **N**ear **F**ield **C**ommunication probably doesn't have an existing direct translation in Japanese, and people who would even know what it is can probably read some basic English, so they've kept it as an English acronym.",
"its the same in any language though, English uses lots of French words for instance, if a word is needed for something, and exists in another language, its quite common to just use that word. Deja vu, schadenfreude, pinata and so on. So maybe there is no word for NFC for instance, and it just uses the English for it, there isn't really any decent way to describe schadenfreude for instance which isn't unwieldy, so we use that word. Its common across a lot of languages, fits a lot better to use a existing word",
"I've been taking Japanese for about 2 years now, so my credentials as an expert in this topic are not super great, but I probably have a slightly more informed opinion than your average joe.\n\nJust like us, the Japanese tend to think foreign things are cool. American things more so. To the Japanese, Americans are sort of this exotic fruit. For example, if you have blonde or even red hair and travel to an average Japanese city, you will most likely be swarmed by endless amounts of little kids touching your hair in amazement, and lots of adults will literally stare at you. (source: My Japanese language teacher)\n\nNow here is where I get to answering the actual question: The Japanese have a written form of communication specifically for things that are foreign, called Katakana. The use of Katakana in just about everything is seen as super cool. Almost all of their candy, musical bands, etc etc...anything that needs to be \"cool\", is written in katakana. In fact, the first 5 symbols of your ワイヤレスのための/NFC are in katakana: WA I YA RE SU or, wireless.\n\nIn fact, the use of katakana to make things \"cool\" is so prevalent, that I'd honestly estimate at least 50% of all consumer goods in certain fields (candy, pop music, video games) contain at least some katakana\n\n**TL;DR** Japanese think foreign things, especially American things, are badass as shit. they have an alphabet specifically for foreign words, and use them whenever it is even remotely possible to do so because it is \"cool\""
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ww2MnWe_gSs"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
6gkz0g
|
privatisation benefits
|
I am wondering what the benefit is in privitisation. Here in Australia we have had a few states privatise services like electricity and public transport, but the so called benefits do not seem to materialise, (other than for shareholders). Am I missing something? I understand the theory that private should be better according to economics, but I see more times that it appears to not be the case. Is there a place for it depending on what it is for? What examples are there of this privatisation that has worked well?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6gkz0g/eli5_privatisation_benefits/
|
{
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"The most common moderate argument is that the benefits of privatisation mostly exist for private goods (goods that can be denied to people and where use by one individual does reduce availability to others to, e.g. grain is a private good, national security is a public good) and for goods that do not form natural monopolies. \n\nPut more simply, things like railways don't work privately owned so well becasue its very difficult to create competition - its very expensive to build new lines and pointless to have duplicates, so each company forms a regional monopoly where the market is noncompetitive. This allows them to charge high prices and give shit service because their customers have no choice. \n\nIndustries like car manufacture arguably work better privately owned because competition is much easier, and the benefits are fairly clear, nationalised car industries like British Leyland or the Trabant car from the Eastern bloc failed against private competitors like Ford or Ferrari or Audi "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
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