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d9iobv
|
why aren't there any laws against misleading or fake news?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/d9iobv/eli5_why_arent_there_any_laws_against_misleading/
|
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"A lot of countries have a free speech aspect to laws and some fake news comes under the umbrella of expressing an opinion no matter how deluded that view might be.",
"I think it'd be hard to deal with \"misleading\" news because this could always be open for debate. But when you have someone like Trump, who, by all accounts has told over 14,000 lies since becoming president, I think the news media should do what MSNBC did the other night: When he's giving a speech, if he starts telling obvious lies, cut away, call him out on it, and don't go back. If a politician is telling an obvious lie, s/he should be silenced. \n\nI really hope the Presidential debates are able to deal with Trump's lies better that they did last time around. This will be key. A politician should be punished for telling blatant lies to the American people, not rewarded, as the news media has done for Trump.",
"There are. That's why it's important to pay attention to the language used in the news. I can't print a headline that says, \"Woody Harrelson murders puppies\". That's an outright lie because I just made it up and I do not know it to be true. But I CAN put that story out there if I word it in a way that protects me from responsibility. \n \n\"According to sources, Woody Harrelson allegedly murders puppies.\" \n\"u/Inaerius accuses Woody Harrelson of murdering puppies.\" \n\"Woody Harrelson accused of murdering puppies.\" \n\"Is Woody Harrelson a puppy murderer?\" \n \nNone of these headlines say that Woody Harrelson murders puppies, but all of them put that idea into the reader's head.",
"There is, Singapore just passed a law against fake news. Wasn’t received well and people have been flagging government articles as fake news.\n\nUnfortunately even with such laws, you still have the problem where the party with the power to determine fake news may also be a victim of fake news. It’s impossible to find a 100% rational person who knows every fact and is moral enough to be the arbiter of fake news, and prove that person is so to everybody else.",
"For starters, free speech.\n\nAnother is, how do you distinguish between amusement, parody, and actual news?\n\nAnd then the subtleties of trying to report the correct news, printing the wrong news in error, news changing constantly, and just general biases.\n\nPlus it's a business that sensationalizes things to get more money.\n\nNobody can agree on what is the right news. There is no way to prove what is misleading.",
"Generally because while this sounds very noble in principle, it turns out that countries that have these kind of laws have primarily used them to stifle public debate, imprison political dissenters, hide corruption and entrench power among the elite. \n\nMost public policy issues are complex and their impact on specific groups and interests not easy to determine. So while (for example) I might support UBI, someone might disagree with me because the implication, in their minds, is higher taxes. Some people might feel strongly that current wages/jobs are more important than action on climate change. So it is natural that one group emphasizes the benefits while the other group emphasizes the downsides. \n\nAt the end of the day who gets to decide what is \"fake\" or misleading when debating possible future outcomes?"
]
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3bf5pi
|
video editing before computers.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3bf5pi/eli5_video_editing_before_computers/
|
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"There are various techniques like physically cutting or multiple exposure, or overlaying of two films etc etc etc.",
"Lots of scissors and transparent tape. For film, that is. Analog VHS, Beta and other video formats were edited the same we did audio tapes, mechanically."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
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[],
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||
6yoxsb
|
why do our voices become lower as we run out of breath?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6yoxsb/eli5_why_do_our_voices_become_lower_as_we_run_out/
|
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"You are sending a much greater volume of air through when you are breathing hard and fast. This makes it difficult to control or excite the higher frequencies in your larynx. High frequencies are not as efficient when there is too much air mass being moved. Lower frequencies however have no problem with and even require huge volumes of air in the first place."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
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||
4gvblz
|
genderqueer or non-binary
|
[deleted]
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4gvblz/eli5_genderqueer_or_nonbinary/
|
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"So the common conceptualization of gender is that there are only two options: male/female. Binary means that there are only two choices. Someone who identifies as \"non-binary\" does not conform to this conceptualization, and instead feels their true gender is more fluid and exists somewhere along a spectrum between these two poles. As far as addressing this person, if you're aware that they identify as non-binary, or genderqueer, or trans, you can ask them what their preferred gender pronouns are. PGP's can still be \"binary\" (he/him/his; she/her/hers) even if someone identifies as gender non-binary. However they may have other PGP's such as gender-neutral pronouns (they/them/theirs) or even newly emerging gender neutral pronouns (which I think are difficult to get used to because they're so new), like Ze or Hir. ",
"There are many terms, including the generic \"queer\", \"non-binary\", \"gender-neutral\" and \"gender-fluid\" among others to describe people who feel like they fall socially - not genetically - outside the definitions of either gender. \n\nThe validity of this is often criticized, but androgyny [not conforming to either male or female types] has always existed. \n\nCurrently this is a very politically and socially charged topic.\n\nThere are currently no formal terms of address for gender-neutral individuals, though several have been proposed, and the current social etiquette is to ask what their preferred terms of address are."
]
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a249p3
|
why does peeing after sex help prevent uti's?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a249p3/eli5_why_does_peeing_after_sex_help_prevent_utis/
|
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"Basically, it mechanically removes bacteria that might have entered your urethra during sexual intercourse.\nThe efficacy of this act is not an absolute scientific certainty, but it doesn’t hurt to make it a regular habit.",
"During sex, bacteria get pushed into the urethra (tube from bladder to surface) by the motion. Peeing helps flush them out. It’s more important for women because they a) have short urethras and are thus more prone to UTI’s and b) are more likely to have bacteria remaining in the urethra because of the anatomy of where the urethra is and because men flush it out a little with ejaculation. That being said, men also can get UTIs from sex so peeing is good both ways. ",
"Theoretically, peeing after sex pushes any bacteria out of the urethra with the stream of urine. The thought is that bacteria can migrate during sex from the vaginal opening to the urethra and being that’s it pretty short, can make it up and into the bladder causing the infection. \n\nLike the other person said, it doesn’t 100% protect you from infection, but it doesn’t hurt to take the precaution. ",
"For guys anyway, semen is slightly alkaline and urine is acidic. Most bacteria prefer a neutral to slightly alkaline environment so flushing out the remainder of the semen in your urethra is best practice. \n\nIt’s probably safe to assume the same for women. A healthy vagina is slightly acidic so flushing semen away from the urethral opening should help. ",
"There’s no evidence that it does, but it’s not harmful and it may theoretically be helpful. \n\nThe way UTIs usually work is that bacteria colonize their way up the urethra and once they make it to the bladder they can cause an infection there (cystitis aka UTI). Urinating tends to clear bacteria from the urethra. The reason males get this less often than females is because their urethra is longer, meaning it takes longer for bacteria to reach the bladder, which means there’s a greater likelihood that the bacteria will be expelled by urination before they can make it. ",
"Imagine if you took a small plastic scoop of dirt and poured it into a garden hose. Then you turned on the water and all the dirt came out.",
"Imagine jamming a straw into the dirt.\n\nWhen you shower you clean the outside of the straw. \n\nWhen you pee, it's like running water through the inside and making sure those bacteria don't walk down (or up) the straw and into your drink. ",
"UTIs. The plural of UTI is \"UTIs.\" This is the same as the plural of, say, \"shoe\" or \"basketball.\" Acronyms aren't special in this regard. ",
"I’m a microbiologist that has worked on UTI-causing bacteria, and after reading through the comments I’m just going to add a few quick points:\n\n* Clinical studies have shown that women who urinate after sex do not have a lower rate of UTI compared to women that don’t. Can’t hurt though.\n\n* Once UTI-causing bacteria have adhered onto the wall of your urethra, urinating won’t remove them.\n\n* Urine is not sterile, and the bladder has its own microbiota. In comparison to the gut, the concentration of bacteria in the bladder is pretty low, and they’re often hard to grow in the lab, which is why it was thought to be sterile in the first place.",
"Physiologist here:\n\nSmashing smashes bacteria into the woman's urethra (the pee tube), as it's ideally placed to get stuffed with bad things. Peeing flushes all said stuff out of the urethra. Not peeing lets all of those bacteria sit in a nice warm, moist environment (pee tube) - where they happily grow and divide and cause massive inflammation (pain, swelling) as the human immune system tries to combat the infection. ",
"During sex bacteria can get into the hole you pee from since its located close to your butt hole and all the bumping and grinding moves things around. Peeing after sex helps flush this bacteria back out of the pee hole and into the toilet before it causes any problems, like a UTI."
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4fpjbu
|
how do floodplains work?
|
So I'm from the Houston Area and I can't really grasp the concept how they work or what they mean. Does a 100 year flood plain mean that a place will flood once every 100 years? Is this correct?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4fpjbu/eli5_how_do_floodplains_work/
|
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"You do understand.\n\nThe \"once every 100 years\" is just an estimate since the weather is somewhat random. But it means \"on average, a storm big enough to make this area flood happens only about once per 100 years.\"",
"That is the general idea of how it works. They use some sort of statistics to calculate that based on rainfall data. It may be based on an old model though, so flooding could be more frequent now if there is more pavement or tiling upstream.",
"Don't worry, lots of people do not understand this. Generally the greater the time period the more severe the flooding. A 5 year flood is probably only going to be minor seasonal flooding that you expect just about every year encompassing maybe the banks of the river. A 1000 year flood is a massive catastrophic flood that would likely devastate the whole floodplain. **The \"n year flood zone\" is just a % representation of flood likelihood *every* year**. \n\n* For example, a 100 year flood = 1% chance that this kind of flood could happen *every year*. \n\n* For example, a 200 year flood = 0.5% chance that this kind of flood could happen *every year*. \n\nThat means you could be very unlucky and have have 5 years in a row of 100 year flooding events and then a very good streak of a 100 year flood not happening for 130 years. Its a badly named statistic because people assume that if a 100 year flood happens it won't happen again for another 99 years. That is incorrect logic. The better way to think is that there is a 1% chance of a 100-year flood happening every year. Generally speaking, just because it happened this year has no effect on whether or not it could happen the following year. The probability will remain the same - at 1% every year.\n"
]
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mdx8x
|
how do scientists isolate and manipulate individual atoms for experiments for colliders such as the lhc?
|
Also, how do they check to see that one hydrogen atom made it to where they wanted it to go?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/mdx8x/how_do_scientists_isolate_and_manipulate/
|
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"the only way to detect something is to bounce something off of it, so finding where an electron is requires you to 'feel around' with something, like photons, until you see a chance in the energy states, typically because the electron will be excited and emit a photon of its own or whatever. In particle accelerators they can calculate how many atoms will be in a particular space, then all they do is increase the volume while keeping the mass roughly the same. To get them to go where they want is a little more complex, they typically strip the atoms of their electrons so they are positively charged and then capture them in magnetic fields, and use oscillations in the fields to push and pull the atoms around.",
"the only way to detect something is to bounce something off of it, so finding where an electron is requires you to 'feel around' with something, like photons, until you see a chance in the energy states, typically because the electron will be excited and emit a photon of its own or whatever. In particle accelerators they can calculate how many atoms will be in a particular space, then all they do is increase the volume while keeping the mass roughly the same. To get them to go where they want is a little more complex, they typically strip the atoms of their electrons so they are positively charged and then capture them in magnetic fields, and use oscillations in the fields to push and pull the atoms around."
]
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5owbs4
|
- why are racoons so bad? as an australian they look like awesome animals
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5owbs4/eli5_why_are_racoons_so_bad_as_an_australian_they/
|
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"They often carry diseases, such as rabies, and they have an annoying habit of going through peoples' trash. They are obnoxiously adorable though..",
"They are wild animals that can survive in suburban or even some urban settings. They are scavengers and can be destructive to property in their scavenging. They look cute and cuddly but have sharp teeth and claws and can wreak a lot of damage if they attack They often carry diseases like rabies, so a bite from a raccoon can be dangerous and even deadly (though less so with modern treatments). ",
"For me kangaroos look like awesome animals,but every australian I know told me they are asholes....so I think it's just a matter of your point of view !",
"They aren't super bad, they are really more of a nuisance animal. \n\nThey are smart and because they have opposable thumbs, they are able to undo latches, untie ropes and twine, and open doors. They will knock over garbage cans and scatter the trash everywhere. They will sneak into your home or garage and tear the place apart looking for food. \n\nThere is a saying in the Southern US: \"Crazy as a pet coon.\" Typically, raccoons are nervous and curious around humans, but they can go Tasmanian Devil in a heartbeat for no reason at all. Once they become aggressive, they will continue attacking until either they have chased you away, or you end up injuring them and they are forced to retreat. Most people are unwilling to hurt them enough to make them back down. Males can weigh in at over 9Kg and can do a lot of damage. They also carry rabies, though it's pretty rare these days.\n\nSome people do keep them as pets, usually in the South. My aunt had a pet raccoon named Peabody. She would dress him up in little outfits and had trained hm to do all sorts of silly things. He was very friendly and adorable. However, it must be said that he also put her in the hospital on more than one occasion and she needed stitches multiple times. Peabody lived to be 12, which is pretty old for a racoon. Usually they live about 8 years, hence the saying - \"I haven't seen you in a coon's age.\""
]
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651nu4
|
why can blank cd's hold the same length of music at different bitrates?
|
Blank CD's come in certain amounts of time they can store (e.g. 80 minute CD's), but if mp3's at 128 kbps take up 40% of the space per amount of time as mp3's at 320 kbps, why can a CD that can hold 80 minutes of 320 kbps not otherwise hold 200 minutes of 128 kbps?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/651nu4/eli5why_can_blank_cds_hold_the_same_length_of/
|
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" > why can a CD that can hold 80 minutes of 320 kbps not otherwise hold 200 minutes of 128 kbps?\n\n\nBecause CD audio doesn't have a bitrate the way MP3s do. It's raw, uncompressed audio (essentially the same as a .wav file on your computer). So both the 128 kbps mp3 and the 320 kbps mp3 will be uncompressed and converted to wav format before being written to the CD, at which point their equivalent bitrates are the same.",
"If you record a CD as an audio CD, it *always* writes the music as 44.1kHz, 16-bit **uncompressed** audio. If the source was a low-quality MP3, you just end up with low-quality audio recorded at 44.1kHz, 16-bit.\n\nIf you write it as a *data* CD, you can fit different amounts of audio on there. Many modern CD players can handle MP3s."
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[] |
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3xw3zx
|
the concept of a character being a "mary sue," and if this is a good or a bad thing.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3xw3zx/eli5_the_concept_of_a_character_being_a_mary_sue/
|
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"In TTRPGs, and with comics and anime and manga etc.\n\nA \"Mary Sue\" is a character which is perfect, or too strong or too op to the point that people will complain about them being uninteresting.\n\nThe fact is that a character being unique is cool and makes a good story, but if they are too strong, that means that they face easy problems, and this reduces the interestingness of their story\n\nE.g. superman is a mary sue (though many comic book fans would say im a liar). He's pretty much all powerful. This means that the only interesting things about him is how he overcomes his personal and emotional troubles rather than how he outwits his enemy to overcome a sheer physical disadvantage.\n\nIf superman could only use his powers during the daytime or wasn't pretty much immortal, it would open up a lot of plot possiblilities for DC writers.\n\nOverall, a mary sue is bad because it limits the possiblities for interesting situations that the character has to solve, and it gets boring pretty fast",
"Im upset that i know this. Its in regards to fan fiction where the author basically injects themselves into a fictional world as a pivotal character that everyone loves and needs. Like if you wrote a harry potter fan fic and you and harry were best pals and or lovers and you save the day or some b.s. its a bad thing. Terrible writing style, and not very interesting.",
"A Mary Sue is a character that is idealized. They're the smartest and strongest in their class, they have the best magical powers, or whatever, everyone likes them as a character, and so on. Rather than struggling and developing in any meaningful way, the Mary Sue just sort of saves the day and gets their way.\n\nThe term is generally used in a derogatory way. A Mary Sue is not a very well written character, and it's also not fun to read \"serious\" stories with Mary Sues in them. ",
"\"Mary Sue\" is a term for a character which generally fulfills one or usually both of the following requirements:\n\n1. The character is an obvious stand-in for the author\n\n2. The character is overly idealized\n\nThe term came from a *Star Trek* fanfic called *A Trekkie's Tale*, which was published in a \"fanzine\" (a fan-made magazine) in the early 1970s. The story was a satire of earlier \"Mary Sues\" in *Star Trek* fanfiction.\n\nIf you read *Star Trek* fanfiction, you do so to read about your favorite characters. You don't do so to see Kirk, Spock, and Bones sidelined by some new \"perfect\" character who obviously represents the author's desire to be a *Star Trek* character. Thus, \"Mary Sues\" were considered very annoying and unwanted. Over the years, the term spread from the *Star Trek* fandom to other fandoms and beyond.\n\nThe concept of \"Mary Sues\" has often been accused of being sexist. Fanfic writers tend to be disproportionately female, even in male-dominated fandoms like *Star Trek*. Thus, the overwhelming majority of idealized author stand-ins will be female as well, at least in the world of fanfiction (which, again, is where the concept originated). Those who believe the term is not sexist argue that the concept is gender neutral and can be applied to male characters as well as female.",
"To add to what was said, a Mary Sue has the characteristic of completely taking over the story.\n\nTo see what it looks like, let's try taking Hermione and turning her into one. Now from the start, she's strikingly beautiful. Every head turns in her direction when she walks in. She dazzles everybody with her intelligence, and all the teachers are in awe. Even Snape recognizes her superiority. Her magical ability defies explanation and she can break the limits everybody else is subject to. Now she's the driver of the story, and all that Harry ever achieves is due to her. She has no meaningful imperfections, and all that is negative about her is that she worries too much and stays up too late. Any time anybody argues with her, they're in the wrong, and end up recognizing their mistake and apologizing for having offended such a wonderful person.\n\nThe story is now about how the poor orphan Harry Potter came to Hogwarts, and encountered Hermione, who taught him magic, self confidence and made him into a proper person, and then proceeded to get him through every challenge in his path.\n\nSnape isn't nasty to her, or is utterly and effortlessly humiliated by her. Dumbledore quits his scheming and defers to her judgment. She comes to Harry's house and gets the Dursleys to submit. She ends the slavery of the house elves, and they recognize her as a savior. Voldemort freaks out at the mention of her name. Draco Malfoy is in love with her, and Lucius suggests he should marry her. All characters are now secondary to her and mostly exist to demonstrate how wonderful she is.\n\nAnd so on, and so on. This often happens when an inexperienced writer writes a fanfic about their favorite character.",
"Whatever you do, do not find out by going to _URL_0_ It is a rabbit hole with no escape. It will give you examples, similar tropes, opposite tropes; you will never want to leave.",
"The reason this is a bad thing is because when a character is how Gaston sees himself (literally the best at EVERYthing), there's no tension. It's why people don't like John Cena or Superman.\n\nI saw a movie recently where this girl took sails and planks of crashed ships on this island for a living and somehow knew how to sail, sword fight, and use magic spells she never even heard of. The worst part is, she did this better than every man she met, and she never did any of these things when the men have been training their whole lives to do them.\n\nIt's like if it was a game, she'd be using all the cheat codes at once. Not only is it patronizing bullshit, but there's no tension.",
"Mary Sue was born out of the concept of a person inserting themselves into a story like it is a fan-fiction. People who insert themselves into a story will want to make them the most perfect badass anyone has ever seen, right? \n\nMary Sue characters describe any that fit these basic concepts...\n\n- They are great at whatever the plot throws at them. While it can be explained in the plot, the consistent greatness is the most defining factor. If they make a mistake, its often extremely minor or quickly overshadowed by some awesome thing they did.\n\n- They have no significant personality problems. Everyone loves them. Well, all the people on their side love them, at least. Often, writers with these characters will write in minor plot contrivances for character flaws, and the only real instance of the supposed character flaw is this plot contrivance. This can result in a Mary Sue, because this \"flaw\" will be a plot point, not a consistent part of their personality. \n\n- Often, because of the lack of their character flaws and their perfection, that perfection is used as a way to advance the plot. Instead of character arcs where the Mary Sue confronts their flaws and grow with them, the plot is advanced because the Mary Sue does something really cool.\n\nMary Sue described the female version. Gary Stu is the male version.\n\nThey are considered examples of lazy/bad writing."
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7gms9g
|
how would putting vicks on the soles of your feet and then putting socks on... heal you from your sick? is it even true?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7gms9g/eli5_how_would_putting_vicks_on_the_soles_of_your/
|
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"It doesn't, as there has been no scientific proof AND Vicks tells you it is best on the chest.\n\nWhile I am sure it does help some people because if you think about it, you are containing the ingredients under the covers and will be breathing them all night - which is how Vicks is supposed to help a cough.\n\nIt's mostly in the head but if people think something works and it seems to, there is no reason not to I guess. Sounds gross wearing a greasy paste on my feet under socks all night but what do I know?"
]
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[] |
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[
[]
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||
3fg3k1
|
why do routers seem to improve over time?
|
I just got a new router and internet provider, and for the first three days it seemed to crawl along. However, after that, the speed seemed to have a rapid increase in speed.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3fg3k1/eli5_why_do_routers_seem_to_improve_over_time/
|
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"Seems circumstantial to me. When I replaced my router it was working great right away. If you got a new internet provider it was probably just them giving you slow speed until they could fix it."
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[] |
[
[]
] |
|
c6auqt
|
what are the practical implications of a city or country declaring a “climate emergency”?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c6auqt/eli5_what_are_the_practical_implications_of_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"es7fvjn"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Emergency declarations allow some procedural steps (it varies wildly) to be skipped, primary with funding and resource allocations, to face an emergency.\n\nIf there was, say a tornado in a town, a town could declare an emergency to be able to have more money on hand to keep first responders working without worrying about pay budgeting.\n\nFor a climate emergency, it could yield money or speed up approval of projects and programs. It additionally could allow a municipality to expand their regulatory powers. Such as how a water usage restrictions can be imposed during a drought/wildfire emergency.\n\nThe downside is that it reduces oversight and accountability, particularly from legislative bodies."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
5kls4b
|
what is the difference between the terms immigrant, refugee, and asylum seeker?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5kls4b/eli5_what_is_the_difference_between_the_terms/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dbotsod",
"dbotuq1",
"dbotwsz",
"dbotwyv",
"dbotxqz"
],
"score": [
21,
13,
2,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Immigrant: Can I move in with you?\n\nRefugee: Dude my place sucks can I crash here for a bit while I figure out what to do?\n\nAsylum seeker: FUCK! They're going to get me I need a place to hide. Let me in dude!",
"An immigrant is someone who seeks to leave one country and go to another.\n\nA refugee is someone who does so because of a disaster that's caused people to flee en masse from the first country.\n\nAnd an asylum seeker is someone who is seeking to move because of some negative circumstance, but not necessarily one that causes a massive exodus. \n\nFor example: If I want to move to Canada because of a job, I'm an immigrant. If I want to move *from* Syria to the US because of the stuff that's going on, I'm a refugee. And if I want to move *from* Saudi Arabia because I'm gay and they put gay people to death, I'm an asylum seeker.",
" * Immigrant: *moving from one country to another to permanently live there*\n * refugee: *fleeing from a catastrophe (war, disaster, etc.), going back after the crisis is over*\n * asylum seeker: *being persecuted in country of origin for political reason, seeking shelter for safety as long as necessary*",
"An immigrant is just someone who's moving from one country to another. The other country doesn't have to be \"bad,\" you can do it for pretty much any reason.\n\nA refugee is someone who's been **forced** to leave their country due to war, famine etc. Rules are usually different for refugees versus immigants. If you're immigrating from England because there's good job opportunities in the US, it might not happen since your own home country should be fine, but a refugee has no home to go back to so a little more compassion would be warranted.\n\nAn asylum seeker is basically the same thing. Asylum is a granted protection, if you come to the US looking for asylum and get it, there's a promise we're going to take care of you (for a while) and also not ship you back to the country you fled, as you'll likely be treated terribly there.",
"An immigrant is someone who moves here from another country.\n\nAn asylum seeker is someone who is in the US who is a national of another country who seeks asylum in the US because it's not safe for them to return home. This person might be here illegally, or legally -- such as on vacation, or a student visa.\n\nA refugee is pretty much the same, except that they apply outside the US. Only after their refugee status is approved do they enter the US."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
39864o
|
how did stegosaurus have sex with those sharp spikes.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/39864o/eli5_how_did_stegosaurus_have_sex_with_those/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cs15spv"
],
"score": [
19
],
"text": [
"It's very hard to tell as we only have bones, no soft tissue or organs. Many theories involving the female laying on her side. Also some involving the male facing away from her and backing up."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
6x8lmv
|
why is the environment a political issue, as opposed to a universal concern?
|
I have never understood why this topic is so polarizing (no pun intended). The weather isn't a political issue, so why are climate change and the environment tied to politics?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6x8lmv/eli5_why_is_the_environment_a_political_issue_as/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dmdzctv",
"dmdzu8m",
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"dmebmc0",
"dmen6bj",
"dmeozw9",
"dmeqdfq",
"dmer72y",
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"score": [
2,
28,
39,
4,
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"text": [
"Because of money. The people who ruin the climate make lots of money doing it, so they use their money to fight against any change. When there are two sides of an issue solving the problem is a form of politics.",
"Because 'the environment' is a luxury good, so there is a debate about how much to spend on it.\n\nLet's say you want a park in your neighborhood so the kids can play in some open space. Now, this is going to cost money not only in terms of building/maintaining the park but also in terms of lost municipal tax revenue. So how much are you willing to spend on the park? Can you understand how other people might be willing to spend more or less?\n\nA good example of this are the National Parks in the West. If you live in New York, you don't get much benefit from them - maybe you visited them once or twice, but probably not. However, they also *cost* you nothing, so you see a lot of New Yorkers supporting these parks as cheap virtue signaling. However, if you live next to these parks, they cost you a great deal. So opposition to the National Parks tends to grow with proximity - the closer you live to them, the more of the cost you bear, so the less supportive you are.\n\nOr consider coal. Switching from coal to natural gas is no big deal for you - there might be some small modification to your monthly electric bill but you otherwise won't notice. But it's a huge deal for someone who just spent the last 3 decades of their life as a coal miner. You can argue about the virtues of clean power all you want, but you're arguing about a distant concern for yourself to a person who has the immediate concern of losing their job and being unable to feed their family.",
"I think every single topic can be made into a political issue, this is one of those topics. \n\nThere is also a lot of money to be made with practices that hurt the planet, and costs with saving the planet. As crazy as it seems, there are people okay making buckets of money knowing about the damage they are causing to the planet but its a lot more difficult to tell them they are wrong (I think they are, plenty of others do, but they don't. There is no way to know until it is too late). \n\nIt is also a very complex system that is much more intertwined than it seems. Cows are a massive contributor to greenhouse gasses, and a lot of people in the US are using that as a reason to eat less meat to help reduce that - great, however China and other countries are exploding with a large middle and upper class they didn't have before. These countries will start buying american meat or raising their own. With China developing a taste for Sushi there is fear some fish will be driven to extinction just due to how high the demand will grow. All of these things play into climate change and the environment and are not easy problems to solve. The problems are now too big for individuals to have much effect over, the entire state of Texas could go vegan and it would not change our course. This now means measures will have to be taken, laws enacted, yadda yadda. Do you think Cow Conglomerate is going to be okay with the Gov telling them to raise less cows, or use an expensive seaweed to stop greenhouse gasses. They are worried about the bottom line, they will support politicians that go along with their concerns. \n\nMeh, I've never tried to answer one of these before and I'm just rambling. I just don't agree that the coal and power plants arguments are the cause, they are the symptom - the coal workers have 0 say in the industry just like the workforce of any other industry. ",
"Anything that involves society having to make decisions about what to do or how to spend money is going to be political. I'm not sure what you really mean when you say it should be a universal concern as opposed to a political issue? Even if there's something that everyone thinks is a problem there's always differences an opinion about what is the best way to go about solving the problem. Pretty much everybody wants to reduce crime but the question is how, that's what divides people.",
"I can't speak for the universe but can say that is a planetary concern. The reason why it comes up as a political issue is because governments are supposed to set regulations to how we use the natural resources, whether that be the land, earth, air, or water. ",
"Because deciding what to do about it (if anything) is necessarily a political process and different people will have different ideas.\n\nThat is what politics is. There's no way to avoid it. There is no right answer, there is no objective truth when it comes to priorities.\n\nWhat is more important, freedom or slowing climate change? Your answer to that question will be at odds with the answer many other people give.\n\nSo, politics happens.\n\nIf you are going to presume that something needs to happen to respond to the danger of climate change.... you presume to tell people what to do. Of course you're going to get resistance.",
"You might enjoy these previous posts:\n\n_URL_0_\n\n_URL_1_\n\nthe short answer: Protecting the environment costs (or at least shifts around) resources. That's inherently political.\n\nDo we want to provide X industry with a tax credit, or Y industry? Do we want to start a carbon tax? Do we want to encourage solar (which hurts things like gas/oil/coal)? etc.\n\nEven if protecting the environment doesn't hurt jobs etc, it still shifts those jobs around to different sectors. That affects people/businesses, which lobby politically.",
"Politics is simply a matter of us all agreeing on things, and people don't agree on factors affecting the environment. \n\nLet's take a very simple, local example - in my hometown of Austin, Texas, we have a [lot of rules](_URL_0_) about construction projects cutting down trees. If a tree is over nineteen inches in diameter and you want to cut it down, you have to pay a certain amount of money to the city. And if it's a heritage pecan tree then you may not be able to cut it down at all. \n\nThese rules are still the subject of a lot of dispute - on the one hand, obviously it is a huge hassle to builders and causes a lot of extra expense both for them and for the city. On the other hand, many of Austin's citizenry considers trees to be very important (there was a guy who got nine years in prison for [poisoning a tree](_URL_1_), so they want to make it very difficult and expensive to cut down trees.\n\nSo when it comes to climate change, even if everyone agrees that anthropogenic climate change is a real thing, you still have to agree on how much we should spend on combatting it, and who should spend that money. If combatting climate change didn't cost anything, nobody would be against it. The problem is that the costs are massive, and the effects of proposed solutions are difficult to determine, and the costs of doing nothing are very difficult to determine. \n\nLet me put it this way - if I could prove that the costs of doing nothing with regards to climate change were *lower* than the costs of stopping carbon emissions, would you suddenly believe that we shouldn't do anything about it? Probably not - but other, reasonable people might disagree. This is why it is a political question. What should we do? What effects will our solutions have? Who will bear the brunt of the costs? How can we mitigate those costs? These are all very reasonable and real political questions, even if we all agree on the problems.",
"They are tied to politics because we, as in humans, are causing our climate to change much much quicker than it ever would naturally, and we are also destroying our environment... Which incidentally worsens our climate dilemma. Thus it's a political issue. If you're on board with Aristotle, then everything pretty much is tied to politics ",
"We don't yet realize that we are every bit as much of the environment as everything else. It's one single thing. We don't live in the environment, the environment encompasses our entire experience. We're apart of it. It=Us.",
"The short answer: capitalism.\n\nThe long answer: Greed and the priorities of capitalism.\n\nProducing goods requires resources. It also results in waste products that must be disposed of. The more factors you have to account for in this process, the more money it costs you, and to maximize profits you need to minimize costs. Maximizing profits is the goal of any corporation in our capitalist system. Every action is measured in how much money it costs you or profits you.\n\nFor example: if you're producing lumber, you need to chop down trees for wood and transport them to the processing center to be chopped up into planks. If there are regulations on which trees can and cannot be chopped down, that's extra time you need to spend determining which trees to take and which to leave; if there are regulations on the harvesting methods you can use, you might be forced to use less efficient/more costly means of harvesting; if there are areas you're restricted from, that's essentially lost inventory that you need to find elsewhere.\n\nWhen the wood is processed into planks, all the excess wood pulp is left behind as a waste product. Sometimes you can sell the waste products too for extra profit (sawdust, wood pulp to paper mills, and so on), but sometimes you can't and have to find a way to dispose of it. Wood's a bad example for this but pretend there's no market for sawdust so they have to get rid of it somehow - the easiest and cheapest thing to do is just dump it all somewhere and forget about it, but if the government has regulations on where you can dump it, or says that you need to dispose of it in one specific way (like incineration at a certain temperature), then - again - that's extra money you need to spend on making sure you're in compliance.\n\nThink about this just on a personal level. You unwrap a candy bar and eat it, you're left with the wrapper and need to dispose of it. The easiest thing to do is just drop it on the ground wherever you're standing; the *right* thing to do is look around for a trash can and keep carrying it with you until you can find one. Now imagine that every extra step you take with the wrapper on your person costs you money, and there you go, that's the \"regulation\" bogeyman for corporations.\n\nPeople who can focus on prioritizing the long term, and who care about what the world will be like for our children and grandchildren and great-grandchildren, realize that the short-term costs of such regulations are worth it for the long-term benefits. ie, the extra money you're spending is actually an investment in the planet's future.\n\nBut the planet's future isn't making you money *now* and by god those CEOs just have to have every single dollar they can get their filthy hands on because bank accounts are score cards and they need to have the top score and will sacrifice anything to get it. As far as modern capitalism is concerned, the planet's future is not equity worth investing in. Because it's not *making* them money, and they'll be dead by the time it matters, so who cares! Short-term profits uber alles!!\n\nAnd those are the people spending a shit-load of money on telling our politicians what to legislate, and they pay an awful lot there to make sure they don't have to pay anything to the planet. It's like bribing the cops so they won't try to bust your drug ring, and then the cops telling all the citizens that there is no drug ring and not to worry about it so they can keep their cash inflow.",
"Hey, that company is cutting down forest! Our government should do something!\nHey, they are releasing toxins into the river? Someone with authority should stop them,\nMe?..what can I do? I am too small to make any visible changes ",
"Aren't universal concerns always political? How can you do anything universally without involving politics?\n\nSince the effects are shared globally, if the efforts were all local it wouldn't be worth doing for anyone, unless they all did it. (if you spend 100% only to gain 1% of the effect yourself and giving away 99% of the effect to everyone else, everyone else need to do some effort too or it would feel pretty useless to you)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/search?q=climate+politics&restrict_sr=on",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/search?q=climate+conservative&restrict_sr=on&sort=relevance&t=all"
],
[
"https://www.austintexas.gov/faq/tree-regulations",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_Oak_(Austin,_Texas%29)"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
527oed
|
when we "damage" our ears while listening to music, is it because of the frequency of the sound, amplitude, both, or some other reason? why?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/527oed/eli5_when_we_damage_our_ears_while_listening_to/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d7hzwsi",
"d7igsge"
],
"score": [
7,
2
],
"text": [
"The amplitude (pressure) of the sound waves damages the receptors in the cochlea. The receptors remember hairs. When the fluid surrounding them moves to much, due to high amplitude sound waves being transferred from the air surrounding the ear, through various bones and the like, these 'hairs' can be broken, resulting in insensitivity in that hair. When this happens on any sort of scale, hearing loss occurs.\n\nI haven't checked any of that, so please don't quote me on it.",
"Like a glass, the ear's cochlea have a resonant frequency. A sufficiently loud (i.e. high-amplitude) sound will damage them, but the minimum amplitude required [is frequency-dependent](_URL_0_). Sounds far from the resonant frequency would have to be much louder to damage your hearing."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance#Theory"
]
] |
||
d8c9q5
|
why is vr so demanding?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/d8c9q5/eli5_why_is_vr_so_demanding/
|
{
"a_id": [
"f19b8u0"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"Imagine your playing a game on a computer. You have one monitor the game is on. Now imagine having two monitors with the same game. Now you computer has to process every frame twice instead of once. Add in the sensors that your computer has to use to know your location and movements."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
3dwqk8
|
how they reattach a cut off penis
|
Please
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3dwqk8/eli5how_they_reattach_a_cut_off_penis/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ct9eg7l"
],
"score": [
7
],
"text": [
"Vascular microsurgery. The needles they use to sew are thinner than a human hair and it's all done under powerful microscopes. Penises are full of blood vessels, so the surgeons have to reattach each one so everything still functions properly. The reattachment surgery takes hours. Once all the vessels are reattached, they sew up the skin. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2gpdin
|
how did they double the life expectancy of people with down's syndrome over the past few decades?
|
Learned this fun fact in class today.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2gpdin/eli5_how_did_they_double_the_life_expectancy_of/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cklcjm0"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"My uncle has DS and he's still going strong at 59, having led an amazingly full life. For his fiftieth birthday, he went to Liverpool football stadium and got to lift the European trophy!\n\nAs far as I know, he hasn't had serious medical intervention, at least not in the past twenty years, and he's got by with dedicated care and support. I'm not sure how he's lived so long! "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
3e22sj
|
how come places like spain are +1 gmt when most of it is relatively behind the greenwich meridian line as far as rotation is concerned?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3e22sj/eli5_how_come_places_like_spain_are_1_gmt_when/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ctaqrp5"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"The Nazis.\n\nThat's actually the reason. When they invaded France, they switched it to the same timezone as Germany. After the war, the French didn't change it back.\n\nSpain was neutral in WW2, but the ruling regime was on mostly good terms with Germany, so they also decided to align their timezone."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
bi58xv
|
how can i weight 252 pounds at 10pm and then weight 249 pounds at 6am the next morning?
|
Do I expend the equivalent of 3 pounds worth of energy in my sleep?
(Edit: can’t edit the title but I did notice my “weight” vs “weigh” spelling error)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bi58xv/eli5_how_can_i_weight_252_pounds_at_10pm_and_then/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ely43sb",
"ely4lri",
"ely4s6e"
],
"score": [
4,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Poop? Pee? Sweat? You lost weight. We're you wearing more or less? \n\nNot yo mention just errors in the scale. If you were standing on it differently, etc.",
"You breath out water vapor in your sleep. Try breathing into your hands, it feels moist. That is all water weight.",
"I am not a diet/weight loss scientist, but my understanding is this...\n\nYour body is always undergoing processes to keep you alive. These processes produce wastes:\n\nDigesting food. Filtering your blood to produce urine. Cellular Respiration in your cells to make energy.\n\nWhen you spend a long period of time without consuming food (like sleeping for 8 hours) your body is still doing those processes.\n\nWhen you get up in the morning you probably excrete a lot of that waste... example urine and feces.\nOn top of this, you have also exhaled a lot of Carbon Dioxide in the night (which was previously found in the sugar molecules that your body has been using to make energy).\n\nBut of course, you know that once you eat breakfast, you begin replacing the lost mass you excreted over night. This is why the general tip is to weigh yourself in the morning after using the restroom to see the smallest possible weight."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
cyw8xg
|
why aren’t human eyes better in bright sunlight?
|
You would think after millions of years it human eye development, that we would be able to see outside without constantly needing to squint our eyes or need sunglasses. Why aren’t our eyes better in sunlight?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/cyw8xg/eli5_why_arent_human_eyes_better_in_bright/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eyul36r"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"First, human daytime vision is some of the highest resolution vision to be found in mammals. That said, it could be better. \n\nSecond: during the age of the dinosaurs and the few million years after, most mammals were nocturnal, meaning they were awake at night. Their eyes evolved to work well at night, making them worse at daytime imaging. \n\nOur eyes have re-evolved some specialization for seeing in the daytime, as we are mostly Diurnal now. However, we are not entirely Diurnal. We do stay awake at night. \n\nBecause we stay awake at night and during they day, our eyes have to be good at seeing in all conditions. Many of the adaptations necessary for fantastic bright light imaging make low light imaging worse. If our eyes were too specialized for seeing in the few hours of really bright sunlight each day, we might be nearly blind at night. \n\nInstead, evolution did what it always does. Our eyes evolved to be good enough at both bright light and night vision."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
3vnn8p
|
how do you easily measure/estimate the food that you eat without measuring the actual amount?
|
Recently downloaded MyFitnessPal and I'm having a hard time to input my daily meals since I do not know how much I'm eating.
1 cup is easy for rice but how about dishes I do not know what they're called?
Edit: What I actually want to know is say, 1 ounce is comparable to how much? Size of a thumb? How about 1 cup, my fist? These kinds of estimations that won't require me tools to use.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3vnn8p/eli5_how_do_you_easily_measureestimate_the_food/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cxp4d59",
"cxp71on"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Are you making it yourself? Measure ingredients as they go in. Is it from a restaurant? See if you can find nutritional information. \n\nAfter you get some practice you will be better at estimating things you can't lookup as easily. ",
"If you cook it yourself, measure the ingredients you used. If it is at a restaurant look for nutrition info but even if you cant find it its not hard to estimate fairly accurately if you cook a lot yourself. Snack foods go by the nutritional info on the label. I didnt care too much about being exact down to individual calories when i was doing it (partly because even if your measures are exact, estimated calories burned wont be exact) So I got used to what common things in my diet looked like. a slice of cheese or a slice of bread is 100 calories (the bread i was buying was, but store brand white bread is a much smaller slice than a thick-cut homemade loaf) most of the russets I was getting were around 130. Dont forget things that \"disappear\" into a dish like butter or oil, especially when you are estimating when eating out. If you eat salads you should seriously get good at eyeballing volumes of salad dressing because if you go out to a random restaurant in your area and choose a random meal-sized salad they will probably put on average 500 calories of salad dressing on it."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
6czcie
|
safe to eat raw chicken.
|
I saw in another group that the chicken (in some places) in japan was safe to eat raw.
1: how is that possible?
2: wtf do they do to our chicken (usa) to where its not safe for us to eat raw?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6czcie/eli5_safe_to_eat_raw_chicken/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dhyknx3"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"Most meat is fairly sterile immediately after slaughter, but the slaughter environment quickly taints the meat. Beef slaughter is not quite as dirty because you get so much off a single animal that you can afford some overhead. Chickens are *notoriously* dirty animals ( I own 20). And worse they are omnivores. Which means their bowels may contain dangerous bacteria, whereas cattle are herbivores and their bowels are basically just compost piles. All this basically means that the sheer disgusting nature of commercial chicken slaughter means you should never attempt to eat raw chicken, because the meat passed through an environment that was teeming with dangerous bacteria. The type that breed on rotting meat."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
bhwn60
|
why are glass bottles so cheap (especially large ones like vodka bottles)?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bhwn60/eli5_why_are_glass_bottles_so_cheap_especially/
|
{
"a_id": [
"elwdt2a",
"elx0mso"
],
"score": [
5,
2
],
"text": [
"Glass is basically just melted sand. Sand is relatively abundantly available and humans have been making glass for so long that we have become fairly good at it.\n\nHowever if you think the cost of the glass bottle is the price of the redemption amount you are mistaken.",
"Glass for food products is extremely recyclable and can be remade forever. So, you don't lose any product when making a different bottle. Compare that to plastic where you lose something every time and can only recycle it about 9 times before it loses all of its integrity."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
5cfhjb
|
why are pandas so "derpy"?
|
We have all seen the funny GIFs and videos of pandas doing funny stuff, derping around and being adorable and all. The thing is, I haven't really seen many other **wild** animals behave like them, so I was wondering why they behave this way.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5cfhjb/eli5why_are_pandas_so_derpy/
|
{
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26,
3
],
"text": [
"They don't have any natural predators, thus, haven't needed to develop or maintain any kind of defense mechanisms. \n\nSimilar to why dodos and other animals have gone extinct, they were good enough for their habitat, but humans and other changes (environmental or intrusive species) desolate them because they're not developed/prepared for it.",
"What behaviors do you see in pandas that you don't see in other wild animals? I've seen lots of animals be cute and derpy - otters really come to mind. But maybe you're thinking of specific behaviors that I'm not."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
5gq5ls
|
if america has the best colleges in the world and some of the hardest working people in the world, how are foreigners able to take our jobs?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5gq5ls/eli5_if_america_has_the_best_colleges_in_the/
|
{
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"text": [
"Immigrants, particularly illegal immigrants are willing to work for lower pay than the job is actually worth in our society. They are willing to live far below societal standards and therefore in some select job markets drive prices down for those jobs making them pay so low that normal citizens cannot take them and still survive. Additionally with illegal immigrants even if they are not fully willing to accept lower pay they have no course of action to refuse it because it is illegal to employ them so they are working off books. If they report their employer they get deported. ",
"They will work for less money. It's primarily jobs for low skill workers that are leaving the US. A factory worker in China will cost about the equivalent of $1.36 hour. Even if they are slightly less productive, it's still more cost effective, even after shipping the goods to the US. It's about $2000 per shipping container from China to USA.",
"What makes you think Americans are especially hard working?",
"Because foreigners, especially those who come to America for education are usually the brightest bulbs. So, it's almost like a dream for people... They study hard and they work hard. So the best around the world come to US. In an interview, who would you chose, the smart guy or the local dude?",
"Americans aren't hard-working. Look at a foreigner and compare it to an American. You will see that they are willing to work for much less pay, benefits, and tedious jobs. Ivy Leagues are filled with more foreigners than Americans. The keyword in your question is some. America might have some of the hardest workers, doesn't mean it can't have some of the laziest workers too."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
3fe2bu
|
why are prisoners who go on hunger strikes force fed and not left to die?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3fe2bu/eli5_why_are_prisoners_who_go_on_hunger_strikes/
|
{
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3,
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"text": [
"Prisons really dont want their inmates dying en masse. Especially if they're doing it for a reasonable cause (mistreatment, corruption in guards etc), you're just turning them in martyrs by letting them die. The best course of action to keep as much attention away from the jail as possible is the force feeding method. \n\nI would also note that force feeding is EXTREMELY uncomfortable. Like, borderline torture levels of pain. Seriously, look up a video, its fucking brutal. Its often enough, or the threat of it anyway, to demotivate people who arent really serious about their protests ",
"It is generally accepted that the state has a duty of care towards inmates. That means not allowing them to hurt themselves or be hurt by others while in confinement. This is the general principle which gives the state the legal authority to force feed a prisoner.\n\nAs to why it's done. People on hunger strike are trying to make a point. That point is massively reinforced if they die. It is in the interest of the jailors to prevent their death to minimize public attention on their protest.",
"In the US jails stop any type of suicide attempt to avoid lawsuits.\n\nFrom _URL_0_\n\n > \n > \n > In some cases though, suicide is considered “common law crime” unless the victim can be proven to have been of “unsound mind.” **Most lawsuits regarding suicide happen when the person is under supervision of a jail or hospital and the victim’s family sues these institutions for negligence.**\n\n\n",
"If someone was trying to commit suicide, would you stop them? I hope so.\n\n\nPrisoners are no different, I don't see why you WOULD let them starve",
"And let them become martyrs for their cause, never. Logically would you allow these people to become heroes? ",
"A lot of times inmates also go on hunger strikes because they want something, and usually that something they want, they will get but it takes time. There is a population of 4,000 people in some prisons and what ever it is that you want, you just aren't going to get it right away. So during that time, at least in IL, someone on hunger strike is seen every 72 hours by medical, mental health, administration and usually the Warden to see if they are still declaring hunger strike and what they want to gain from it. Usually soon afterward if the inmate continues to refuse their chow trays then they will force fed by the tube. From experience, the tube is inserted once and left in place, unlike the video below from Guantanamo Bay, then again other places may do it daily. \n\nSo in other words to answer your questions, Law suits. It costs roughly 30k to house an inmate for a year (50-60k if they are Severely Mentally ill) now imagine that inmate dies while on hunger strike, you are now looking at millions of dollars the facility has to pay out to whomever is going to sue them. \n\nPrison is not meant to be a comfortable place but it is not a place for people to be left to die either."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"http://mentalhealthdaily.com/2014/07/24/is-suicide-illegal-suicide-laws-by-country/"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
3ac18w
|
why do some movies such as enemy at the gates use actors with english accents rather than russian accents?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ac18w/eli5_why_do_some_movies_such_as_enemy_at_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"csb7apk"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Easier for American audiences. \n\nAmerican audiences know that English accent means foreign. Other accents are too hard to understand. English accent can also mean fantasy - see the Lord of the Rings. \n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
2qsryw
|
what does it mean when something is a "false postive" or "false negative"?
|
For my life, I cannot understand what this means.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2qsryw/eli5_what_does_it_mean_when_something_is_a_false/
|
{
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"cn969j7",
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2
],
"text": [
"A False Positive refers to a situation in which a result has been deemed to be positive when it is actually false. A False Negative is the opposite where a result has been deemed to be negative when it actually positive. Seeing as these terms are typically used when referring to medical tests let me give you an example. Let's say a blood test for x disease fails to report a positive 1/500 times. It has a false negative rate of 1/500 then.",
"A false positive means that a test comes back positive, even though it should be negative. A false negative is the same, but in the opposite scenario. For example, a pregnancy test may come back negative, while a woman is indeed pregnant. This is a false negative. A drug test may come back positive, even though the person tested has never had the drug. This is a false positive.",
"For example: in a medical test for a disease, if the result comes back positive but the person does not in fact have the disease -- this is called a false positive. Likewise, if the test result comes back negative but the patient does have the disease -- it's called a false negative.",
"The little boy cried wolf, but there was no wolf. The boy's cry was a false positive.",
"Statistics, eh? Cannot be trusted. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
9xe301
|
why are therapists suddenly rejecting straightforward diagnoses?
|
I've seen a few therapists and read a few books and a general conclusion seems to be that "real" diagnoses are falling by the wayside ("You have ADD." "You have anxiety disorders.")
Doesn't that make finding definitive treatment more difficult?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9xe301/eli5_why_are_therapists_suddenly_rejecting/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e9rk9wh",
"e9rke89"
],
"score": [
5,
4
],
"text": [
"There's a problem with being \"definitive\", in that it doesn't work.\n\nI'll use myself as an example. A couple therapist, who aren't my therapists, are quick to diagnose me with Aspergers. I mean, wow. Ok, so I ask them are there genetic components to Aspergers? No. What is the difference between someone with Aspergers vs. mere personality traits. They said there is no line. What it actually comes down to is an evaluation and a judgement call...\n\nMeanwhile my actual therapist tells me every patient she's ever had come out of one particular clinic were all diagnosed with Borderline, yet she attests they were all missing several key traits of that disorder - the misdiagnosis to her was obvious.\n\nBut here's the problem, if you have a definitive diagnosis, what does that change? How does giving it a name make it better? What it does do is dismiss your actual problems. People will write you off because you have Something Disorder, they will always treat you and think of you in terms of Something Disorder. You may even do it to yourself if you believe in diagnosis. And how, then, do you hold yourself accountable for the deficiencies in your behavior if you write it off with, \"Well, I have Something Disorder, so of course all this is fucked...\"\n\nThe reward of a definitive diagnosis is minimal, but the risk of consequence is gigantic. Seek therapy, get medicine, but going around thinking or telling people you have a thing doesn't work to your advantage. You can get all the same therapy and treatment for whatever psychological disorder without naming it. You're supposed to treat the behavior, not the disease.",
"Not giving a word for people to latch onto makes them more willing to adapt and accept individual traits and needs.\n\nI've seen parents limit their children when they don't think their child can learn with their diagnosis and they end up lacking basic life skills because it's difficult to see your child struggle and easier to protect them. \n\nIt's also becoming more accepted that some diagnoses often occur along with another one. It may be difficult to get help or acceptance with something that doesn't fit into a long established diagnosis. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
66qg0y
|
why is plastic harmful to the environment?
|
I have been researching ways to be more environmentally friendly, I have come across the 'zero waste' movement, the aim is to live a plastic free life but I was under the impression that plastic was recycled? Why is it harmful? (Sorry, I know this is probably a dumb question!)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/66qg0y/eli5_why_is_plastic_harmful_to_the_environment/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dgkgsit",
"dgkhkob"
],
"score": [
3,
3
],
"text": [
"A lot of plastics do not break down naturally. So the plastic bags that accidentally blew away will still be around in some form hundreds of years from now. It might get broken up into tiny pieces but it will still be around. Those pieces of plastic might have an affect on the digestive system of animals. Especially fish which pulls in a lot of water and just filters out the water from anything else in the water. If there is a lot of plastic in the water it will go though the digestive system together will all the plankton. Since plastic does not have any nutritional value the fish might not get as much food as it needs and can starve. If there is larger pieces of plastic it might not be able to make it though the digestive system at all and cause irritation and blockages. It does not only affect fish but any animal might accidentally eat plastic.\n\nAs for recycling plastic is a very large group of chemicals. And the chemicals looks very similar. So even the first step of recycling which is sorting is a very hard problem that we have not quite solved. And then a lot of plastics contains additives like die which is hard to extract. It might not be as simple as remelting the plastic either depending on the type of plastic. It is much cheaper to make plastic from petroleum then to recycle it. Most plastic is buried but this only delays the problem. When a landfill is full it still needs to be maintained. In the end most things in the landfill will break down but not the plastic. So you end up with a big pile of plastic after a few hundred years that you need to get rid of some way. The currently best solution is to burn the plastic which does break it down. However a lot of plastic contains chlorine and fluorine which can make toxic or environmentally destructive gases when burned. This is currently a better alternative then dumping plastic in the nature but is still not a good solution.",
"If you recycle all your plastic, then you're certainly preventing some of the worst impacts of plastic, although it's still not perfect. \n\nThe big problem with plastics and the environment today is that a vast quantity of plastic not only doesn't get recycled, it doesn't even get landfilled. Instead, it ends up in the environment. This can include people littering out of laziness, plastic microbeads in toilettries which get washed off, plastics which get blown out of bins etc. This plastic then ends up in the ocean and in other natural habitats, where it causes many problems. Depending on the type of plastic, organisms can get tangled up in it or try to eat it. In particular, many marine organisms filter feed - i.e. feed by simply collecting small particles in the water. Small fragments of plastic can get ingested this way, and then passed up the food chain.\n\nEven recycling plastic isn't perfect. Recycling still takes energy. Although much better than creating virgin plastic, if the packaging (or whatever) is entirely superfluous, then it's an unnecessary use of energy. \n\nFurthermore, most plastics tend to degrade, so each time they are recycled they can only be turned into something of lower quality plastic (e.g. a plastic bottle might be turned into a speed bump - a process known as [\"downcycling\"](_URL_0_). This means that high quality plastics must be continually made as virgin plastics."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downcycling"
]
] |
|
fu47jv
|
what is a junk bond?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/fu47jv/eli5_what_is_a_junk_bond/
|
{
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"fmanicc",
"fmanmy1",
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],
"score": [
4,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"So, bonds are for loaning money to the issuer who promises to repay the money at a specific date. Investors can make annual interest off of them. A junk bond is when the bond or the underlying company of the bond is at risk of defaulting. Junk bonds typically come from failing business or startup businesses in order to raise money quickly.",
"Bonds are basically when you loan money to a govt entity or corporation. They pay you back with interest over time, so you make money in the long run. Junk bonds are basically loaning money to a govt entity or corporation who either can't pay you back or will pay you back at such low interest it's not worth your time.",
"Bond is basically a loan given to a company, in which they pay you interest. Lets say you OP have $1000 and give say give a new company the money.\n\nBasically you will then make a bond which has like terms, e.g. Pay me back the money in 30 years time at 10% interest per year. Some crazy shit like that, now basically the more estabilished the company is the lower interest rate you can give. So government bonds for example have the lowest interest as the government tends to be really stable. \n\nNow a junk bond is basically giving money to a shit company and charging them a high rate. It's called a junk bond because these companies are risky af.\n\nSo why even give these pieces of shit money? Simple, say the conditions were 10% for 30 years. And now these companies are making tonnes of money and have become really big. They'll still be giving you 10% whereas other people will only be getting like 1% interest off them (they're big and stable now, they don't need to get charged high interest).\n\nAnd yeah there you go. My ELI5 of junkbonds"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2yehao
|
why did gm have to take government bail outs and ford and chrysler didn't?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2yehao/eli5_why_did_gm_have_to_take_government_bail_outs/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cp8rhp1",
"cp8rqi7"
],
"score": [
6,
3
],
"text": [
"Chrysler was also bailed out in 2009 along with GM. It was Chrysler's 2nd gov assisted bailout. 1st was in 79",
"Ford had just borrowed a shit ton of money and was well capitalized at the time."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
13w2iw
|
is mankind interfering with the evolution of other species or are we just part of it?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/13w2iw/eli5_is_mankind_interfering_with_the_evolution_of/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c77obhm",
"c77u8bo"
],
"score": [
8,
2
],
"text": [
"Well evolution is about species changing over a long time based on their environment. We're certainly a part of their environment and so they adapt to fit us just as we have adapted to fit them.\n\nViruses (like the flu) evolve just fine within their environment and manages to prosper extremely well by infecting and spreading among humans. Is this \"interference\"? I don't know.\n\nCows on the other hand have gotten lazier, and less capable of defending themselves because we've forced the ones that are more delicious or could produce more dairy to breed. Is this \"interference\"? I don't know.\n\nIt's all a matter of perspective though. If humans are considered something completely outside of \"nature\" then the natural process of evolution is interfered with when we interact with it. If we're part of nature then we must be part of it's natural process of evolution as well.",
"Evolution does not have an objective. Since there is no objective there can be interference. Humans certainly affect the evolution of other species, but that is not interference by humans, that is adaptation by other species. The other species will adapt whether or not humans interact with them. So, again, we do not interfere, we are merely an additional factor to which they will adapt (or perish)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
c1f4cd
|
- what do people mean when they say that hong kong is “semi-autonomous” from china and how is this autonomy affected by the new extradition laws china are trying to push through?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/c1f4cd/eli5_what_do_people_mean_when_they_say_that_hong/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ercsugp",
"ercwsyp"
],
"score": [
3,
5
],
"text": [
"China has agreed to for now, not directly control the affairs of Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. To different degrees. \n\nTaiwan has the most independence in this regard. Taiwan being militarily independent, can fully determine who comes in and out of the island. China's government has no say in the affairs of Taiwan. For all things concerned, Taiwan is an independent country that China claims ownership of. Interesting to note is that China in the eyes of Taiwan, is an independent country Taiwan claims ownership of. It all has to do with the Chinese civil war half a century ago.\n\nHong Kong with far less independence from China, as a result, many Chinese officials hold power in Hong Kong, and the border isn't entirely controlled by HK. Hong Kong cannot possibly survive without China, and is not militarily independent at all. For all things considered, Hong Kong is a Chinese city with special administrative privileges.\n\nChina is sick of political dissidents escaping to Hong Kong and living free. They have *encouraged* the signing of a law that allows them to arrest people inside Hong Kong.",
"Taiwan is a totally independent country. HK and Macau control some of their own affairs but are under Chinese sovereignty and therefore the Chinese government and military call the final shots there. Taiwan has their own military, whose entire purpose is to stop China being able to invade and annex them, which China has threatened to do many times."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
22pxyr
|
geothermal power
|
How does it work?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/22pxyr/eli5geothermal_power/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cgp83ih"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"So power generaters work more or less by spinning a magnet through a coil of wire (gross oversimplification). So how do we make it spin?\n\nIf you have a river nearby, you can make water spin a wheel and have the wheel attached to a magnet. Bam, it spins. Well what if there's no river?\n\nWell, we can spin the wheel with steam power from water! So we heat up the water with what? We have all sorts of options. We can use coal, nuclear energy, or heat from deep within the earth.\n\nWe pump water down into the earth to warm it up, let it blast back up as hot water/steam, and as it rushes back up we have it spin our magnet wheel. As the water spins our wheel, it starts to cool and slow down. Then, we just pump it straight back down and let it heat up again."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
42hf2t
|
why is it cheaper to roll your own cigarettes?
|
It doesn't make sense to me, for a carton if you roll your own you can save upwards of 30$ here. When shipping a carton of smokes, it would be the same volume as shipping a box of tubes, but then you have to additionally ship the tobacco tin for added volume and likely weight (plastic tin).
Doesn't add up.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/42hf2t/eli5why_is_it_cheaper_to_roll_your_own_cigarettes/
|
{
"a_id": [
"czabivc"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"I work in a distribution that sells both cigarettes and tobacco and tubes. And i used to roll my own witht the tubes. The tubes are sold in boxes of 200 and these boxes are alot smaller then the cartons of cigarettes and alot lighter. So you can ship alot more tubes then cigarettes. The bags of tobacco are simple plastic bags unless you buy the tins. The bags are also alot easier to ship. I'm not sure if you pay the same taxes on the tubes and bags as you would on a pack/carton of cigarettes. On top of that you have to make the cigarettes yourself which i would assume means more companies can make the tubes and tobacco without having to have the machines to put the tobacco into tubes. Means you don't have to pay somebody to make the cigarettes. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
db62a6
|
when we get sick are all body fluids contagious?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/db62a6/eli5_when_we_get_sick_are_all_body_fluids/
|
{
"a_id": [
"f1ym7k7"
],
"score": [
10
],
"text": [
"I'm fairly sure someone with more science chops than I can explain this better, but the bodily fluids are all different, and different diseases affect them differently. To give a common example, HIV can be highly present in blood and semen but hardly at all in saliva. I don't think urine usually has much of anything in the way of pathogens in it, while feces has tons even when you're healthy."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
9buzls
|
what is epidemiology
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/9buzls/eli5what_is_epidemiology/
|
{
"a_id": [
"e55wnvf",
"e562c3s"
],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Epidemiology is the study of how infectious agents (like viruses, for example) spread among people and how to slow or stop the spread of such agents. It also includes the study of the rate of disease and injury burden within a community, and is part of the larger umbrella of \"Public Health and Sanitation\".\n\nA lot diseases spread from person to person, or from animal to person, or from environmental sources like contaminated water. And when diseases spread rapidly and effectively it can result in an \"epidemic\", which is a sudden outbreak of a particular disease in many people. This can result in a catastrophic loss of life if the disease is severe. \n\nPreventing and stopping epidemics is a major aspect of public health, so most governments have agencies that specialize in monitoring, preventing, responding to and stopping the spread of disease.\n\nNot every source of epidemic harm is caused by disease causing organism. The Opioid Crisis could also be called an epidemic, but it is a behavioral epidemic caused by social and economic factors, not caused by an infectious organism. ",
"It's a subset of public health. It exists to understand how disease spreads. If we look at biology to answer how disease spreads we understand the mechanics of transmission of disease, but we don't understand what's _really_ going to happen with a disease and methods that are useful to control it.\n\nFor example, the biologist would tell us how the HIV virus spreads biologically. The epidemiologist would look at that information, but then include things like which communities it's prevalent in, how those communities interact, what behaviors/traditions/actions are common there, how they travel and so on to understand _really_ how it spreads. The point of this is to be prepared for outbreak but also to devise methods of controls that are not just \"medicine\" (e.g. the community based sex education center is a weapon of disease management to the epidemiologist but not in the toolbox of the biologist (narrowly speaking). "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
7afzks
|
if there is one sound at x volume. does adding more sources of the sound at x volume make the sound louder?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7afzks/eli5_if_there_is_one_sound_at_x_volume_does/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dp9odkr"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Perceived volume is logarithmic, and adding another source will make the overall sound louder. Note: this does not mean double the volume, because volume is related to the amplitude of a wave, and both machines are emitting sound waves at the same amplitude (loudness). A machine emitting 50 dB with another machine at 50 dB will equal about 53 dB. (This is due to some constructive interference of the waves.)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1riuus
|
in discussion about law and the supreme court, the notion of "standing" is often a key point. what is "standing"?
|
I have searched the internet and found lots of definitions and explanations, but they all seem to assume you already have a law degree. Any ELI5 treatments of the topic?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1riuus/eli5_in_discussion_about_law_and_the_supreme/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cdnp1pf"
],
"score": [
5
],
"text": [
"Standing (locus standi) is a party's ability to pursue a legal action in court. Typically a party must suffer some *harm* from the conduct they're challenging before they have standing. This could be anything from a violation of civil liberties to actual physical injury or economic damages. As long as this harm has occurred or is imminent, you have standing. This harm can't be remote or contingent.\n\nIn some cases, a legislature may permit (by statute) individuals to bring certain actions even if they wouldn't otherwise have individual standing. This is uncommon, but you see it in the environmental context sometimes."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
3crc3x
|
how an ac works in my car.
|
Just curious. Tried to find a leak in my last week, found out a few parts now i'm trying to see how they work together to cool me down. (...or not cool me down right now unfortunately)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3crc3x/eli5_how_an_ac_works_in_my_car/
|
{
"a_id": [
"csy9nf0"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"I will try to be brief and as simple as possible. Let's start with the refrigerant. It is a chemical that at lower pressures and warmer temperatures is a gas, at higher pressures and cooler temoeratures is a liquid. Remember, high pressure low temperature liquid, low pressure high temperature gas, it will be important later. Now let's look at your components. You will have, at minimum, a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and an orifice. First step in cooling is to compress the gas into a liquid. This also adds a lot of heat to the gas so a trip through the condenser lowers the temperature. The condenser uses your cars fan and air flowing over it from driving to transfer the heat in the refrigerant to the air outside your car. This drop in temperature makes the hot high pressure gas \"condense\" into a liquid just like condensation on a cold glass of beer. The high pressure, cooler liquid then comes to the most important part of the system; the orifice. Sometimes it can be referred to as an expansion valve but it's job is the same. It esentially is an obstruction to the flow of the refrigerant through the system. When the liquid passes through the orifice two things happen. First is a massive drop in pressure. When a gas that is compressed into a liquid is allowed to depressurize it returns to a gasious state, or \"evaporates\". This occurs inside the evaporator. The second thing that happens is that the amount of energy stored in the compressed refrigerant is now spread out over a much larger volume, so much so that the liquid before the orifice may be 100 degrees, but the gas immediately after it is 40 degrees. Without the orifice there would be no change from liquid to gas because there would be no pressure drop. When you have spoken to people or read on the Internet I am certain you have heard the high and low side of an air conditioning system. This is where the difference is created. Moving on to the evaporator. This now cold gas is passing in masse through a component much like the condenser physically but operates the opposite way. Instead of releasing energy (heat) into the air the cold gas is absorbing it, cooling the air that passes through it and heating the gas that's inside it. Now we have a low pressure, high temperature gas that goes back to the compressor to be compressed, condensed and evaporated whenever you turn on the air conditioner. \n\nNow, there are other components that help it work properly and safely. First is a high pressure switch on the \"high\" pressure side of the compressor that will disable the compressors clutch when the pressure reaches a set limit. This protects the compressor and all other components from a damaging over-pressure situation and allows the compressed liquid passing through the orifice to remain at a relatively stable pressure regardless of engine speed. Next there is a low pressure switch which is designed to protect the compressor from an even more damaging low suction pressure situation. Low suction pressure means that there is a blockage in the the system that keeping the refrigerant from passing through the system (as well as the oil the compressor uses for lubrication and self cooling), or there is not enough refrigerant in the system for it to operate properly. A leak is the usual culprit. There are florescent chemicals that a shop can put in the system and after charging it up so it will operate the leak(s) can be found with a uv light and repaired. You can also purchase r134 gauges at a reasonable price at harbor freight if you want to troubleshoot yourself. Checking the pressure switches are pretty straight forward as well. Normally, the low pressure and high pressure switches are both closed (or \"on\" if you're not familiar with the terminology) when there is the proper amount of refrigerant in the system and it is operating. Last but not least, check to make sure your compressor clutch (the part with the belt running around it) is getting voltage when the system is turned on. If it is but the clutch is not engaging (you can't miss it when it does, it clicks loud and the center starts spinning) it is defective. \n\nAir conditioning systems are not overly complicated but do require some specials tools to service. Often times easier to have a technician take a look at it. \n\nGood luck with it. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
3tpyxp
|
if given enough distance to lose velocity, is it possible for a human to catch a bullet shot from a gun? for any particular gun/caliber, how much distance would be needed for it to sufficiently slow down?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3tpyxp/eli5_if_given_enough_distance_to_lose_velocity_is/
|
{
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"cx875zo",
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22,
11,
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"text": [
"It is, but if fired horizontal a bullet usually hits the ground before it slows down sufficiently, since it has velocity only in the horizontal direction and falls as normal. The easiest thing to do, mathematically, would be to fire upward, and have someone at high elevation catch it as it slows down to near zero velocity.",
"The short answer is yes. For example, if you shot the bullet straight up, it would stop at some point before it started falling down again. If you stood on a high enough platform you could just reach out and grab it.\n\nIf you shoot forwards, the only thing slowing the bullet down would be the resistance from the air. The bullet would indeed slow down given a long enough distance, but the pull of gravity would probably make the bullet hit the ground long before it had traveled long enough. So the long answer is yes, but it requires an intricate setup.",
"Have done a lot of hunting with shotguns in Mexico. All game birds (dove, pheasant, quail). \n\nTo hunt we would find a good field, spread around the perimeter, and then find spots underneath flight paths. \n\nNot unusual at all for a hunter way down field to take a shot at a high fligher, then moments later have the steal pellets rain down on you from the sky, no worse than an air soft gun really. ",
"[Munroe](_URL_0_) did a writeup about this exact same question. The answer is yes, but it's a very bad idea."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://what-if.xkcd.com/81/"
]
] |
||
3wqq4x
|
why is it that modern professional athletes are/seem so much more talented than original teams in the past?
|
I understand that equipment gets better in relation to better technology but why does it seem that, for example, a modern NHL player would just absolutely demolish a player from, say, 1975. Are there other underlying reasons why it seems that modern teams are more talented than their predecessors?
BASICALLY, why is it that the overall skill level seems so much higher in today's professional sports?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3wqq4x/eli5_why_is_it_that_modern_professional_athletes/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cxycm4e",
"cxyeqxf",
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"cxz2cfi"
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"score": [
40,
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2,
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"text": [
"Money, technology, retained knowledge, cooperation between sports and other fields.\n\nA professional athlete from 1975 probably started playing when they were young, then started taking it seriously when they got higher up in rank. At the same time, they were probably working to support themselves. A modern pro-athlete will have spent a lot more time training by the time they are 18, then they are compensated a lot to maintain an intense training schedule.\n\nWhen the athletes are training, they now have cheap stopwatches, flat springy surfaces to train on, isolation machines to grow specific muscles, ect, ect. This is much better than what was available in the past. \n\nThe coaches and trainers and even parents of athletes have the benifit of looking back at past athletes to see what training methods worked and which didn't. Therefor, the modern athlete will be given better instruction during their training with less chance of injury. \n\nFields like medicine, engineering and nutrition have all contributed to the pool of knowledge that the athletes, coaches and trainers can draw from. Some things are simple like the lesson of tackling lower to give you more leverage. Other things are more complicated like supplementation in the diet of creatine, protein, ect.\n",
"A lot of it has to do with a larger talent pool.\n\nAn average NHL hockey player in 1975 would have made about $30K, or $130K in today's dollars...and that only after spending years in the minor making a lot less. Consider the uncertainties inherent in professional sports, a lot of potential hall of famers might have chosen a less risky path, and become doctors and lawyers and used car salesmen.\n\nToday hockey players average over $2M a year, and AHL minor leaguers average a respectable $85K. You can live comfortably trying to make the big leagues, and if you do, you'd be set for life. It is very unlikely anything else would bring a talented player such success, so they are much more likely to stay in the sport.",
"Computers allow for complex statistical analysis and simulations that lets coaches know which areas the team is lacking in or where the talent in the team needs to be allocated. It also helps them come up with new strategies and tactics. One example is sabermetrics in baseball",
"Simple, there's film of older players so today's athletes can incorporate their skills into their own game. \n\nI'll use the NBA as an example. Kareem Abdul Jabbar innovated the sky hook, Hakeem Olajuwon innovated the dream shake, Jordan had a number of innovative ways to score. We now have film of this and kids are now practicing these skills early. This is on addition to the technological and training advances mentioned in other answers ",
"There are a mixture of factors -- I'd say the most important ones being *time* and *money*.\n\nThe further we go back in history, the closer we get to the invention of a specific organized sport. As *time* passes, more and more people become involved. Certain players come along and inspire new styles of play (strategies, moves, etc.) When that happens, players of the next generation build upon the most successful of those styles of play. Basically, modern day players have more resources at their disposal, and therefore they gain an advantage when they combine those resources with their natural athleticism.\n\nAs mentioned, the other primary factor is *money*. Incentive plays a huge role in progression. Over *time*, organized sports have become more profitable, and the exposure of players and sports in general has increased. When modern day athletes see all the incentives associated with being a professional, there is naturally more motivation to be the best they can be.\n\nUltimately, I believe *time* and *money* eventually equates to more collective competition, and when there is more collective competition within a specific sport, a higher level of play is to be expected.\n",
"People probably will not like this answer but there is something to be said about drugs. The drugs they take are more sophisticated and sometimes harder to detect. \n\nAl modern nutrition is also a factor. ",
"I recommend you watch this TED Talk: [Are Athletes Really Getting Faster, Better, Stronger?](_URL_0_)\n\nIt is fascinating, and really makes a few big points:\n\n1. Modern athletes are not necessarily significantly more \"athletic\" than athletes of old.\n2. Science has helped, with more managed health, nutrition, and exercise regimens to bring out the best in athletes.\n3. This is the most interesting part, to me: Much of the improvement in sports is based on hyper-specialization. Meaning, for example, the running back position in the NFL has been studied to the point that the \"perfect\" running back profile has been built, and teams recruit for that profile. The same can be said of individual sports, like Cycling.\n\nAnyway, great video, and I hope it helps.",
"Something crazy to think about within this subject is how much more difficult it is to play baseball today. Think of it this way. Lets say your a hitter and you go to face a pitcher that pitcher is getting signals from the dugout on pitch location and type of pitch. They have so much data on you as a hitter such as hot zones and cold zones and types of pitches that you suck at hitting. Not only that the pitcher probably watched video of you before the game looking at your stance in the box on certain counts and even move the defense around to spots where you hit it more times than not. Its super hard to hit MLB pitching in the first place but when you get all this data involved its amazing. \nBut we still after all that have amazing hitters that just cannot be beaten regardless of what they know. Most players from the past probably wouldn't survive todays game. Its so much different in every way. Im not saying all past players but a large majority of them would struggle. ",
"Increased physical specialization.\n\nIf you look at athletes from earlier periods, many of them have very similar body types, line backer or quarter back, swimmer or sprinter etc. Their body types werent as specific to excelling at a given sport.\n\nToday, they are much more specialized in their physique. Take michael phelps for example. He is 6'4\" tall, and wears the same pant length as someone a foot shorter. For what Phelps does, his body type is ideally suited - longer torso but shorter legs. he would not make a good basket ball player.\n\nThere was an article about this phenomenon i read a few months ago and unfortunately i could not find it for you.\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.ted.com/talks/david_epstein_are_athletes_really_getting_faster_better_stronger"
],
[],
[]
] |
|
4py30m
|
how did einstein's theories verified mercury's trajectory?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4py30m/eli5_how_did_einsteins_theories_verified_mercurys/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d4oov2e"
],
"score": [
8
],
"text": [
"Other way around. After Einstein came up with GR, they did the math to see what Mercury's orbit would look like if the Gravity was applied in the way GR said it should be. It matched Mercury's orbit (unlike Newtonian Gravity which had errors when you compared prediction to reality in the case of Mercury). So the fact that this new theory of gravity correctly predicted Mercury's odd orbit gave it a better footing and basically said \"yup. This is a good theory. I like this theory.\""
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
oopwo
|
what is the difference between printing money (i.e. bond issuance and gov't spending i am assuming) and quantitate easing?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/oopwo/what_is_the_difference_between_printing_money_ie/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c3ixvvg"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"there isn't. to do QE, the Fed prints money and buys stuff with it."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
bm8387
|
. why do coffee brewers reccomend cold, purified water when it's just going to make the water hot and filtered through the beans anyway?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bm8387/eli5_why_do_coffee_brewers_reccomend_cold/
|
{
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"emujr2t",
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],
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5,
2
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"text": [
"Well for one, hot water generally comes from hot water tanks. Try running a hot tap for a bit, filling a glass, cooling it, and comparing the taste of the formerly hot water to the taste of water that came from the cold tap. It's going to look and taste a bit funky. Why? When you put a bunch of water in a tank for a long time, gradually minerals are going to build up in the tank. Throw a bunch of water in that tank again, and it's going to have a different mineral composition than what's coming straight through the cold taps to the faucet from the municipal water supply/well/etc.\n\nPurified water? Same deal. More consistent mineral makeup. Different cities/wells have very different water quality and makeup so if you want to suggest something to someone that will consistently make good coffee, you suggest something consistent - that being, water that's had all that extra stuff removed.\n\nIs this something you NEED to do? Probably not. Does it help? Sometimes.",
"To not gunk up the coffee maker mostly, but also to avoid the extra stuff that's in hot water. Hot water, especially with old water heaters, can have a lot more minerals and junk in it. You want the taste of the coffee and not a ton of calcium and whatnot."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
bmrwtf
|
how can things be ceramic coated? isn't ceramic a clay? how can it be a coating for kitchenware?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/bmrwtf/eli5_how_can_things_be_ceramic_coated_isnt/
|
{
"a_id": [
"emz6n8j",
"en0uzpq"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"~From _URL_0_~\n\nMost ceramic non-stick coatings are applied using a Sol-gel process. Sol-Gel is a process that converts the inorganic liquid Solution into a Gel that can be applied to any metallic substance. Sol-gel coatings are applied either by spray or by dipping the item in the mineral gel which is then hardened by a high heat firing process known as curing.",
"Ceramics are a class of materials. The ceramic you are thinking of is a ceramic not the Ceramic. Think of it that way: iron is a metal, as is copper. A metal pot doesn't have to be made from iron.\n\nThe definition of ceramic is \"a solid material comprising an inorganic compound of metal, non-metal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and covalent bonds.\" \n\nThe cookware ceramic are usually clay based. There are different ones that are very different chemically. The technical ceramics in coatings are not clay based.\n\nReading the other comments, in the dishwater the ceramics don't brake down. However the connection between the ceramics and the steel is quite fragile. You get tiny flakes of ceramics that brake off and are washed away."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"cookwareadvisor.com"
],
[]
] |
||
csm0n5
|
why does the tv antenna work only when touched?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/csm0n5/eli5_why_does_the_tv_antenna_work_only_when/
|
{
"a_id": [
"exfldv1",
"exfnq5k"
],
"score": [
6,
2
],
"text": [
"The human body can act as an antenna in certain circumstances. What's happening here is that you're putting your body into the loop, and you're conducting the signal through the antenna into the TV.\n\nIt's harmless, don't worry.",
"Some old cars use the trunk as an antenna. The human body, for that particular channel, will resonate at the right frequency. Touching the antenna just allows the signal to pass to the rest of the circuity."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
7q63m9
|
why were chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs) previously used in aerosol cans when compressed air is readily available?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7q63m9/eli5_why_were_chlorofluorocarbons_cfcs_previously/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dsmmen4"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Compressed air would make the cans need to be much thicker to withstand the pressure, and much more dangerous because of they were breached they would detonate like a small bomb rather than just a hissing cloud."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
420vyw
|
how does location services work in chrome?
|
I went to this site and enabled location services, and it was able to track my exact address location? How can this work, since my macbook obviously don't have GPS? I thought you could only get city level location info based on packet origin.
_URL_0_
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/420vyw/eli5_how_does_location_services_work_in_chrome/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cz6tm34"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"You were connected to WiFi. By tracking android phones and slurping IDs when they do street view, they know where the WiFi router you're connected to is.\n\nWhen I moved house and took my router with me, they thought I was in my old house until my phone reported back with a new location.\n\nYou can opt your WiFi out of the programme if you wish. Just add _nomap to the end of the network name."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"http://www.mapcode.com/"
] |
[
[]
] |
|
2vfnp6
|
why fbi can seize .com domains?
|
The .com is supposed to be for "commercial", so how are they able to seize them? They are not american .us domains.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2vfnp6/eli5why_fbi_can_seize_com_domains/
|
{
"a_id": [
"coh6gq1"
],
"score": [
31
],
"text": [
"The .com Top Level Domain (TLD) is maintained by [Verisign](_URL_0_), which is a US company. Thus all .com domains are subject to US laws."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign"
]
] |
|
3n5zl9
|
why are the colours brighter in australia?
|
_URL_0_
See here, where people discuss the difference. I know it's not a lot of evidence, but i'm curious. Is it due to the ozone layer having a hole over here?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3n5zl9/eli5_why_are_the_colours_brighter_in_australia/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cvl4klq"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Australia has generally very clear weather and very little air pollution.\n\nI imagine people from more densely populated regions who are used to smoggy weather would notice everything looking much brighter in Aus."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"https://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/3n2xp4/nonaussies_of_reddit_when_you_visited_australia/cvkbxlz"
] |
[
[]
] |
|
2se7j6
|
how come countries like spain and greece can still function and maintain one of the worlds highest standards of living when up to 25% of the population are unemployed?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2se7j6/eli5_how_come_countries_like_spain_and_greece_can/
|
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"text": [
"Ok I don't know about Spain but I do have an understanding of Greece having much family there and travelling there regularly. Greece currently excluding the interest repayments of the existing debt is cash positive. In that, I mean Greece collects more money from its population then it takes to pay for it's public services. The nation can hence continue operating and provide what limited (in Greece's case) public services it still provides. In terms of the public's ability to maintain a certain level of lifestyle on a global scale I feel it is accounted by the extremely low personal debt Greeks hold per capita. Greeks have had a tradition as a whole of not taking on large personal debt and so he basic running cost of a Greek family ignores the large debt that we would find in say Australia. \nTldr: Low personal debt and government surplus. ",
" > How come countries like Spain and Greece can still function and maintain one of the worlds highest standards of living when up to 25% of the population are unemployed?\n\nYou'll need to take a look at what that statistic looks for. If you're talking about the Human Development Index it calculates life expectancy, education and income.\n\nSo for instance in Greece income may be low but people may live long lives (not much pollution, healthier food) and have free education. That raises the aforementioned index.\n\nOther definitions of \"standard of living\" includes crime and safety ratings (again say for Greece crime is relatively low and safety is high), renting prices (people in Greece are mostly home owners), commute time (Greece is pretty small country and the urban centers aren't big) health ratings (Greece has mostly \"free\" medical care).\n\nLastly family ties in those countries are pretty strong. An unemployed/low income person is not stigmatized if he chooses to live with his parents to avoid paying rent. Which means some of the burden is spread; a person who otherwise would be living under poor conditions, eating junk and even pushed to crime enjoys a better life. ",
"The country does function, but everything is a mess. The European Union helps to keep things together a little bit, but corruption is common. Part of the reason for the rise of extremist political parties like the Golden Dawn (Neo Nazis) and SYRAZIA (far-left) is because things are so bad. In short, it functions because it has the inertia to function, but it doesn't function like we think of things functioning in the United States.\n\nAs a result of the Recession, Greek GDP per capita is really low. Before the crisis, Greek GDP per capita was $30,000. Today it's $20,000. For comparison, American GDP per capita is $52,000.",
"My impression is that, to some extent, both countries are \"coasting\" a bit, relying on infrastructure and facilities built in past, better times. I'm a US citizen in Spain right now, and I can see that government debt was used to produce great roads, Metro systems, train systems, ports, museums, restored old historic buildings, parks, etc. Far better than US debt, which mainly was used to fund the military.\n\nBut Spain still has plenty of economic activity, plenty of well-educated people, great geographic and natural resources, immigrants providing new blood, etc.",
"It comes from a misunderstanding of what \"wealth\" is. We have been used to focus on economic values in terms of GDP, growth and inflation. These factors are very relevant for an investor, but does not describe the \"wealth\" in a society very well. \n\nBuildings, know how, parks and other stuff is still there despite money being scarce, even production facilities are still there. \n\nThus the process of a society becoming visibly poorer is a long process. \n\nWhat happens is that in the beginning the money in a household is stretched. Luxury goods are cut and people might use their saved up money to pay for everyday needs. \n\nThis of course means that companies producing certain goods will be pushed. This means that the companies will have to run more effective and more smoothly, meaning that people will have to work more for less. Normally people wouldn't accept this because they could simply get another job, but in times of economic hardship people will cling on to their jobs. \n\nThis means that companies can run a bit more effective, but will also have to drop prices in order for their product to be affordable for the common man. This means that now people actually get more for less. \n\nAt some point however people's savings will be spend and companies are down to a bare minimum to keep up production and banks are unwilling to put out loans because there is very low chance of economic recovery and high risk of companies folding. At this point there can be a massive reduction in the living standard and it can take decades for an economy to recover from that. \n",
"I'm from southern Spain, the area with the highest unemployment rate. I can assure you that many families are having a very rough time not being able to eat 3 times a day, play bills or even have a home. The rich are richer but the middle and lower class are much poorer. The government is living off debts and taxes that have constantly been rising. They also sell government properties such as parts of the Air Agency (AENA), the train system... They have also reduced the number of government employees and salaries (I was a former employee). But the politicians have maintained their salary. \n\nYou also have to think that many Spaniards have left Spain to find job, so those are less people accounted for in the statistics. Another factor is that a lot of people from other countries live here due to our culture and climate. Those people (German, English, Russian...) spend a lot of money in Spain, buying houses, boats, cars, dining out, buying luxurious food...stuff that us, the middle and lower class can't afford. I for example have passed from being an accomodated middle class person to a lower end class in three years. Even if outsiders don't notice, we are struggling to get by.",
"i studied abroad for four months in the fall of 2013 in europe and met a few spaniards. they say that a lot of the unemployment data is false. according to my spaniard friends, a lot of people simply list themselves aas being unemployed so they can get paid under the table and not have to pay taxes. \n\nalso, i went to barcelona, and it's kind of crazy. everyone is active, walking out in the sun, on the beaches, out at restaurants, etc.... you would never guess that barcelona has heavy unemployment (let me know if Barcelona itself actually has a high employment rate, but it is other parts of spain that has the high UNemployment rate) \n",
"A lot of the answers I read made some great points, however to be honest it is a mix of a few key points people brought up. Right now Greece is in the edge of defaulting on debt that was taken out during good economic times in order to invest in infrastructure, public transit, ect. However, because of a massive rise in recent unemployment due to economic factors, what was once a budget running only a slight deficit, now is a budget that has had to suspend interest payments in order to not run huge deficits. This is because people are unwilling to issue more debt to Greece because their likely hood of default on such loans has increased. \n\nIn the short run that means that Greece can manage to continue the government programs that have helped to make the standard of living so high. However, in the long run as Greece is unable to take on more debt, they will be unable to keep these programs running at the current levels. This the talk of \"austerity measures\" has come about.\n\nAlthough the EU does not allow individual countries to print more money, the EU has gone along with the U.S. Federal reserve in the fact that they have been using a policy of \"quantitative easing\" - essentially a fancy term for printing money. This has created in effect, the ability for Greece to push these issues further off. However it was a necessity because the whole EU was calling for it. One of the issues that has been brought up is Greece possibly exiting the EU, which would creat a big issue because the countries that issues debt to Greece (Germany is a big one) will receive a new Greek only currency, that is grossly devalued when compared to a euro. \n\nIf this or austerity measures happen, Greece will not be able to continue to standard of living that they are.\n\nTo make it eli5: the government of sovereign nations has he ability to take out debt just like you and me. Similarly, if they default it creates a shit storm for the person who took the debt and the person who issues the debt. Greece is currently unable to make its payments unless the world economy turns around. The likely hood that this standard of living will continue is small.\n\nSorry for any grammatical mistakes, mobile user.",
"The USA had 25% unemployment during the Great Depression. 3 workers can feed 4 families but it isn't easy.",
"Quick answer because I have to go to work: in areas with high unemployment the cost of living is low and people make do with the govt. 400€/month aid and/or extended family support (lots of people in their 30s and 40s living off their retired parents). In cities there's jobs: crappy jobs that don't pay much for the most part, but enough to make do. And healthcare, pensions for old people, 400€/month aid, etc, are covered by the taxes of the 75% who still have jobs. ",
"Because both countries have modern, efficient, mechanized economies. \"Standard of Living\" is pretty vague, but it's essentially a measurement of how good a labor force is at producing goods and services - and modern, western economies are very good indeed at producing goods and services.\n\nAlso, \"unemployment\" is a strange measurement - measured differently by different countries and taking into account peoples desires as much as their economic output (you can't be unemployed if you don't want a job - even though you contribute just as little to GDP).\n\nA more objective measurement - labor force participation - shows that Spain doesn't differ much from Germany. Of all Spaniards over 15, 59% have a job compared with 60% of Germans. \n\nGreece is quite a bit lower - 53% of Greeks over 15 are working, same as Belgium. Still, within 15% of countries with a larger labor force participation rate. (And, assuming that employment decisions are made [\"on the margin\"](_URL_0_), one would expect GDP changes to be smaller than changes in the number of people working.)",
"A point many are missing here is that Greece and Spain aren't monetarily independent. Not even financially independent, to a degree.\n\nWhile unemployment may be high in those two regions, it's sustainably low across the EU. Workers have full freedom of movement, and there is a single central bank. The Spanish and Greek economies are inextricably linked to those of the rest of the Eurozone.",
"Don't you forget to add my country (Portugal) to that list.\nAnd i don't know about the other 2 countries but here at least, the unemployment rate it's not what it seems.\n\nIf the rate that they show is 25% the real rate is around 35%, here they send people to an \"internship\", where they are paid something but then they don't count towards the unemployment rate, when in reality they are unemployed.\n\nOh and if your unemployment subsidy ends, you are still unemployed ofc but you don't count towards the unemployment rate, since when people lose their subsidy they are automatically left out of the lists on the employment centers. ",
"Economists would argue that the share of unregistered (\"illegal\") employment is quite large in Spain and Greece, compared to other countries. The unemployment and official GDP/economic output figures don't include that part of the economy.",
"First: These nations do not have one of the world's \"highest standards of living,\" at least not when compared to the rest of the developed world. They are on the \"low\" end of developed states. Portugal, which is very similar to Spain, is actually considered a second-tier state by many measures. \n \nSecond, these nations have incurred an enormous amount of debt. The government would rather borrow the money to provide services than raise taxes. Thus, on a national scale, they are using debt to maintain their first-tier status. Admittedly most developed nations have debt, but theirs is much, much higher compared to their GDP, and as we have seen, default on it is very realistic.\n \nThus, these states will likely not remain \"first tier\" developed nations for long without major reforms.",
"Its important to clarify the difference between 25% of the population being unemployed, vs 25% of the workforce. \n\n25% of population is not that bad when you consider those too young/old/ or unable to work for other reasons. \n\n25% of workforce means that 25% of the people actively looking for work are unsuccessful",
"Hello dear sir!\n\nI live in Southern Spain. It is by far the poorest in the Spain. I live in Málaga. Quite a large city, full of all classes. I am currently living and working in a neighborhood doing community development with an NGO. We do things for free like life coaching, mentoring, and we also work in our neighborhood soup kitchen. I can be really frank. The situation is bleak. My wife, Spanish, consistently struggles to find work. We have been hoping and waiting for work for almost a year, we find something, and bam - she loses her hours for no reason. She makes less than 500 Euros a month. When I walk around my neighborhood, it is quite visible the suffering here, and it is a nicer neighborhood. Go into the center, and you see great wealth. Here is the kicker - It's all fake. Those people are barely getting by. Being American, I'm used to savings, 401k, a plan for retirement. Their plan is for now. Few are thinking about 20 or 30 years from now. Almost no savings. They can't maintain their lifestyle, but they find very cheap ways (coupons and deals and all those things, fake designer bags from Africa, etc.) to make themselves appear richer. Of course, throughout my many years living hear, since 2010, it is really sad the stories and people you meet. There are families of 5 living on 700 Euros a month. In the end, it sucks. But people can find ways to enjoy the little things like a beer on the beach with a setting sun. It's like an attitude that a lot of people carry. They enjoy the small things. That makes it seem like their standard of living is much higher.",
"Have you ever been to Greece? Its a fucking shit hole other than the tourist spots. Also strikes are common. When I was there in 2011 the trash people hadn't worked in over a month. Trash was everywhere and clogged the storm drains when it rained. I've been to better kept cities in Africa",
"Southern Europe countries have developed with a huge emphasis on construction and infrastructure (specially Spain). And, they are the main sectors fucked up in an economic crisis, those same sectors held most of the stable jobs in this country, add to that government related jobs and laid off salarymen and you get the huge unemployment rates.\n\nThat doesn't mean the country as a whole has a lot poorer living standards now, services and prices are the same, but there are new job standards now, nobody wants to hire full time, work market is flooded with poor PR jobs and terrible conditions.",
"I can't speak for the Greeks, but I know the Spaniards especially rely heavily on credit to finance their lives. The average debt of Spaniards is significantly higher than the rest of Europe. Spain currently sits at about 93.9% of GDP, and Greece at about 175% of GDP. Those are staggeringly high numbers. Like I said, I don't know much about Greece, but I know the Spaniards, both as a nation and as individuals rely heavily on credit. ",
"A short answer is a lot of things cost a lot less as well. Housing can be VERY cheap by rich country standards outside of the cities. I mean paying 50-70k€ for a flat. Rents can be just a few hundred per month. Also the headline number is also a lot higher than the true reality due to people working illegaly to not pay taxes on the money.",
"This is only my opinion. No country in the world ties their happiness to their wealth/social status as voraciously as Americans. It is easier of them to pretend to be \"happy\" if they appear to have lots of material things. That's why Dollar stores are popping up everywhere at an alarming rate. Payday Loan establishments are a deplorable example of this.",
"\"How come countries like Spain and Greece can still function and maintain one of the worlds highest standards\"\n\nThey don't have anywhere close to a high standard of living on average. The premise of this question is completely wrong.",
"I'm from Greece and I'm equally dumbfounded. My family used to be upper-middle class but then my father got cancer and we pretty much spent almost all of our fortune and savings trying to save him. Anyway, I used to think all reports regarding the recession were exaggerated and that the situation was not that bad, seeing as how my father had a decent income as a surgeon. Now, I find myself trying to understand how I could spend so much. A lot of my friends and their families continue living the high life, all the while complaining about pay cuts etc. Almost all my acquaintances own 2 ot more houses and bitch about how they have to pay taxes for them. Anyway, I didn't really explain anything, because I can't understand how Greeks live so well either. I just sort of wrote down my point of view.",
"Nobody here seems to know that Spain's debt doesnt come from thw government as greece, but from private banks. We rescued our banks after a huuuuuge (really really huge) loan crisis so we are effectively paying the debt of private entities who made poor decitions (mostly relates to oversized housing park) and a corrupted infrastucture development program (for electoral reasons). Spanish companies actually do pretty well, our problems are mostly financial and government related (corruption and neoliberalism).",
"I wouldn't call a high standard of living not having janitors in the Aristotele University of Thessaloniki, in Greece, for 12 months. ",
"It is simple, they don't keep a high standard of living, most people are scraping by economically.\n\nThe difference is that the states are functional and have excellent infrastructure so people have access to healthcare and etc..\n\n",
"For example, a lot of people is going back to live with their parents. Also, there is a shitload of public employees and those and the people with work aids their family members in trouble.\n\nI'm from the north of Spain and even this is a richer zone than the south, the people searching for food in the garbage is astounding (and very very sad).",
"I am from Croatia,same type of country and same problems...my answer is tax evasion and gray economy...in croatia,it is estimated that one-third of GDP is in gray area,and i assume that greece and spain is no better...so when you have one-third of economy that goes under the tax collectors radar,it is also not taken in account when planing country annual budgets and tax estimations etc..so,basically,you dont have 25% unemployed,in reality you have one-third less than that,and that is not that catastrophically bad...just my opinion\n",
"Here, thake a look at [this article](_URL_0_) (it's from last year).\n\n > \"In Spain, 29.9 percent of the population aged 18 or under lives below the poverty line, the highest after Romania\".\n\nDespite what liberal media and politicians say, we're not a \"thriving economy\". We're balls deep in poverty.",
"This just can't be the highest standard of living, not by a long shot.\nSweden, Denmark, Germany, sure they've got it.\nIn Greece though it's a facade, people are just trying to make ends meet during the crisis. The majority of the unemployed ones is the youth, more and more of the young people started migrating to other countries for a chance of a better future.\nThe only safe option currently is to work in the public sector, the rest have it tough.\n\nLife is different in the province or the islands, than how it is in Athens.\nYou'd find enough desperate people anywhere though.\nI'm not sure if you can find a proper answer here btw, mostly just individual perspectives depending on where they live.\n\n\n",
"In the city of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, where I live in, unemployment rate is 75%, picture that",
"Because the standards of living, when averaged out for the WHOLE world are pretty damn low. Compared to really impowerished regions in the world, such as several African countries, Spaniards and Greeks live as kings.",
"This video does a really good job explaining it.\nThe European Debt Crisis Visualized:\n_URL_0_",
"I would venture to imagine that the answer is that they are not maintaining the same standard of living they were when both of their economies were healthy. It takes quite a while for a standard of living such as the one European countries are accustomed to erode. So, while the Greeks and Spaniards probably still do enjoy quite a high standard of living, the huge spike in unemployment is taking its toll, and over time the standard of living will begin to feel markedly different.",
"Explain to me this: How can the US even function with it's debt?",
"I've lived in Spain for the past few years.\n\nI think a lot of people have it worse than you may realize. Spain still has all the infrastructure and technology that it built out when it had more money (especially during the boom a decade or so ago), so you look around and see a developed country. But the truth is that a huge chunk of the population is really, really struggling behind closed doors. I don't just mean that they can't afford to live as well. Half the 30-year-olds I know are still living with their parents, in small apartments that often can't even afford three meals a day.\n\nThe reality of the situation is pretty dire, but it's easy not to notice it as a foreigner who just looks around and sees what appear to be developed cities and tourism money flowing. ",
"People are attacking the validity of the question with anecdotal examples of struggle without asking why all of this is happening (I'm not in any way diminishing the current state of destitution in Greece/Spain). The root cause of many of these problems stems from **extremely** expensive populist governmental programs that were funded by massive amounts of debt issued after the formation of the EU. \n\nTo answer the question, the reality is that these countries are **not** maintaining (dare I say never have maintained) any sort of standards of living sustainably.\n\n[This is a concise video](_URL_0_) worth watching about the current EU debt crisis.\n\nEDIT: We all love the idea of universal health care, social security, and other government benefit programs. As an American, I firmly believe that this should and can happen; but the reality is it's not as easy as grabbing money from lord knows somewhere (or even the 1%) and throwing it around. The gears are very heavy to turn. I won't support them unless they're logically and reasonably implemented in a financially sound way. Spain and Greece aren't the only ones struggling. Italy, Portugal, and others are on the verge of financial collapse as well because of a number of nuances similar in terms of government incompetence and cultural norms.",
"As Spanish, I must say that people are now trying to find work.\n\nBut when they had it, it was so often about just retiring early and having a comfy 5 hour job. And trying to sneak into welfare. \n\nPeople were extremely dependent of family members/retirement schemes, and at the same time lived outside their standard. You had many bricklayers with 2 apartments, one for \"holidays\".\n\nHow did they achieve it? Bank loans. For everything. \n\nWhen the bank allows you to buy your second house, you love it. But when you have to pay what you signed, long live communism. The banks were bastards alright, but people just signed any shit in front of them.\n\nAnd the cases of corrupt politicians and businessmen divert any effort from getting back into our feet into blaming others for what WE (the people, the government, the banks, everyone) did. And will do when stuff gets back to normal.\n\nThe situation is shit, and instead of trying to solve it, everyone is off witch hunting. ",
"Short answer: they don't, and they've gone bankrupt trying to do so, at least spain is propped up by the EU.",
"It's not.\n\nI am unsure of where you got your info from but if you visited each of these countries you would not be met with ideal living standards, much less one of the highest. It's not as bad as some third world countries but it's not great, either. ",
"Jesus guys I'm not American",
"Protip: They can't. I recently went on a trip to Greece and there is no way that country has \"one of the World's highest standards of living.\" There is an insane amount of poverty everywhere you go, so much so that some places, like areas around Santorini, look like third world countries.\n\nI also don't equate \"high standard of living\" with a place that has such a sub-par sewage system that you cannot even flush toilet paper, and instead have to endure bathrooms that contain trash cans filled with other peoples' smelly, feces-laden toilet paper.\n\nIf you're using some kind of index to assert that Greece somehow has a higher standard of living than most other developed countries I would speculate that such a score is due to the exceedingly small population of the country (only 11,000,000 individuals).",
"OP, you should ask this question in /r/economics or somewhere like that. You're getting too many replies like \"But life's not that good in Spain or Greece! I'm Spanish or Greek and I can tell you firsthand!\" But have they experienced life firsthand in neighboring Morocco or Albania? It is still an important and complicated economic question why life in Spain/Greece as an unemployed person may be very different from life in Morocco/Albania as an unemployed person.",
"Here is the thing, based on personal experience a normal thai wage doesn't get you nearly as much food in Thailand, as a Norwegian wage gets you food in Norway. Higher standards of living isn't just low standards scaled up, it grows exponentially(not sure the right word but hopefully understandable}. Purchasing power!\n\nIn Thailand the average wage(officially) is about 9000TBH and that gives you approximately 300THB a day to fiddle around with. After rent, water and electricity you'd end up with half of that for food etc. So 150TBH a day... Now, a kilo of cheap rice fetches for about 30TBH(can get cheaper if its just harvested) and that might last a couple of days at most for two Thais. A kilogram of minced porn now fetches for over 100TBH... Oh and don't forget drinking water, as you can't drink from the tap down here. \n\nAs you can see a **huge** percentage of the wages goes to food and water(1L for 1TBH, or if bought bottled up in grocery stores 7TBH 0.5L) and that's not even for the poorest of people. \n\nThe average Norwegian makes about 31 000NOK a month and an apartment(Condo) outside Oslo but still relatively close to Oslo goes for about 5-6000NOK a month with electricity and water bills bringing the overall cost to a *maximum*(in this case) 10 000NOK. That leaves us with 21 000NOK to fiddle with say for two persons. Two persons can eat comfortably, although not like kings for say 300NOK a day or 9000NOK a month. \n\nYou are left with much more in developed countries than you are in develop*ing* countries. Although I am not sure where 25% of Spain population gets there money from, its possible for them not only support themselves on shitty government handouts but also on family members **as the percentage of a persons wage that goes to things like food and water are way lower in the developed world than in the developing world.**\n\nI am Norwegian but I have lived in Thailand for years now on Thai salaries and it ain't always easy. I can give you some examples of the prices of things down here;\n\n4 pack of **tomatoes**(smaller than in the West) in 7/11 or Big Mini(both are grocery stores)= **20TBH**\n\n**Onions** in the market goes for **7TBH** each I think. \n\n\n**40TBH** of **pork** is enough for two persons one meal.\n\nEdit: Minced *pork*, not porn lol\n\n",
"The unemployment rates you hear of only include official figures from tax-paying jobs. Countries like Spain and Greece have a relatively large \"informal\" economies however, which is where the bulk of the day to day business is done. Because these stay of the radar of the taxation bureaus they are not counted towards unemployment either. ",
"Well. Just an brief attempt. But It's also about the official number of employment. And the non-registered workforce. At least something which should be taken into the equation. \n\nEspeccially in Greece, a great problem is that a high number of citizens with a normal 9 to 5 job are earning additional money. They have some minor businesses besides which they don't report to the state. To avoid taxes on these additional incomes. Furthermore. There are several cases of withdrawal of pension money for already deceased members of the family. \n\nThus, my assumption is that a certain portion of the unemployed in greece are in fact woring without registration. Just to avoid the payment of income taxes, which may reduce their profit to an extend which will leave only a very little money behind to live from. \n\nBut nevertheless, the struggle is real in greece as well as in spain. It's in both cases primarily a problem for young adults. Their unemployment rates are the highest. And as a german I can only assume - the Greek or Spanish are investing their lifetime into education. And they are leaving their home country. Amongst the foreign students I've met in the past years, there are a good portion of greek and spanish students. \n\nThose who didn't achieved the requirements for studies, those are stuck. and there are only a few opportunities for them. Due to the reason that the industries in Span or Greek are not the strongest. And both can't sustain only from tourism. \n\nNevertheless, I don't have a clue how unemployment is handled in those countries. Just as a instance - even the unemployment rate of germany isn't really representative. \n\nWe've got the \"1,- € Jobs\". Those are jobs for the unemployed who already retrieve monthly payments from the state. That are jobs in public institutions... they are limited in time, subventioned by the state. Officially those with an 1,- € job doesn't count towards the unemployment rate - while retrieving more or less the same money as a long-term unemployed person who doesn't do anything for his income and fully relies on state support. \n\nAnd as far as I know - at least in spain a long-term unemployed person doesn't retrieve state support after 2 years, if I remember it correctly. But I won't give statements on this as I'm not familiar with the circumstances of regulations. ",
"Simple: They don't mantain that standard at all - _URL_0_\nSpaniard here, I can confirm it.\n\nThe EU does a conscious effort to downplay their level of poverty because if they were honest about this issue, they'd be forced to collectively share the downsides among all EU countries.\n\nIf their debt was moderate the EU would be able to share it; it wouldn't be a big deal. But it's so big that if they shared it, a perceptible deterioration would happen at the other countries. So they prefer to let the burden be only on Spain and Greece's shoulders, since \"they are to blame\".\n\nTheir governments are afraid to lose the moderate aid the EU is giving them, so they play along.\nTherefore, the media doesn't get any confirmation from the government of a sizable impoverishment, so they can't run too many stories about it.\n\nAnd here we are, spaniards as much as the OP, being told that the crisis is not that much of a big deal.",
"I'm a bit late to the party, but first off, I would state your statement that they have one of the \"highest standards of living\" is false. They have a high standard of living, but are some of the lowest among their European counterparts.\n\nA typically quoted measure of standard of living is the [Human Development Index](_URL_0_), Spain and Greece rank 27 and 29 in the world. Northern European countries, Australia, the USA New Zealand and Canada take up 12 of the top 13 spots.\n\nThe HDI has no 'employment' component, it consists of three components:\n\n* Life Expectancy (at birth)\n* Education\n* Income (GDP ppp per capita)\n\n**Life expectancy**\nSpain ranks 12th in the world for life expectancy at birth, Greece ranks 23rd, level with Germany and Finland. \n\nLife expectancy is not greatly affected by short-run employment levels as life expectancy is a long run phenomenon. Mediterranean countries tend to have longer life expectancy than northern countries. \n\n**Education**\nIn terms of Education, Greece rank 11th and Spain 14th on the UN's [education index](_URL_1_), by comparison the USA is 21st and Germany is 33rd on this list.\n\nThe education index only measures the number of years spent in schooling and expected number of years spent in schooling, it has its detractors as schooling is open to interpretation and the quality of education is not actually measured. \n\nFor example putting 40 children into a classroom for 15 years learning an outdated syllabus is the same as having individual private teachers for 40 children with a curriculum adapted to the needs of the child for 15 years. \n\nWith rising unemployment, and fewer teachers being hired it is likely that the quality of education does suffer, however the Education Index is exactly the education variable for the HDI.\n\nFurther, with fewer opportunities to find work students are more likely to stay in school longer. \n\nAnother important caveat to the EI, is that it is based on 2007 data. Meaning the EI and hence the HDI does not register at all the changes brought on by current unemployment levels.\n\n**Income**\nUnlike the other inputs into the HDI, income has a relationship with employment levels. Spain and Greece rank 34th and 44th in the world for GDP (ppp) per capita, the average person in each country contributing€10,000 and €16,000 less to GDP respectively than their counterparts in Germany.\n\nPut another way, In 2008 Spain and Greece had GDP (ppp) per capita €32,270 and €30,215 respectively and currently have GDP (ppp) per capita of €29,851 and €24,012\n\nIncome is the component of the HDI which is directly effected in the most pronounced way by employment levels, it has lowered as a result of high unemployment and has indeed reduced the position of Spain and Greece on the HDI. \n\n\n**tl;dr**\nStandard of living is not as well defined a concept as unemployment. A typical measure the Human Development Index is made up of three components, the first of which shouldn't be impacted by unemployment, the second of which is based on data from before unemployment levels were so high (and therefore is not impacted by the unemployment levels) and the third of which is impacted by unemployment levels and has registered a reduction in the HDI for Greece and Spain.\n",
"The Mediterranean climate, (long hot sunny days), the simple but elegant and delicious foods like jambon, cheeses, olives, herbs tomatoes, and cheap great wines and ciders sure help.",
"This thread is full of people with no real understanding of the real current situation of these countries, and just dishing out old stereotypes. A state can become non-competitive without being wholly corrupt, which is what happened.",
"It's not as bad to be unemployed in Greece as it is in other countries. You can fish (most of the population lives near the sea) and people are a lot friendlier. If you tell people you are starving they'll usually invite you to eat with them or give you food for free (I saw a homeless guy get a tomato a slice of meat and a loaf of bread from a market stall when I was there). Plus it's warm all year so being homeless isn't as bad.",
"Well, it's simply that rich countries today are productive enough to give their entire populations decent standards of living even if only a fraction actually worked.",
"ELI5 answer: Governments are allowed to spend money they don't have. That's how.",
"Having visited Greek family recently, it's very much a matter of how they live their lives simpler and worry free.",
"The US suffers from some of the same problems and one big way how we claim to be \"rich\" is by averaging out the wealth . For example, Bill Gates has 60 billion and a million people under him have nothing. Hey everyone is rich because on average they have $60,000. Ah yeah, no. \n\nThere are also a huge number of other tricks including but not limited too miscounting the poor and homeless, ignoring cost of living differentials (15k is tolerable in say rural Mississippi but its serious poverty in Southern California) or outright lying, \n\nIn the US just being a hard hearted son of a bitch is popular too, we must be rich since I don't see children with bloated bellies from starvation. True and they are getting calories just not nutrition. \n\n I have no doubt that European nations use similar trickery.\n\nThe hell of it is, that all our countries are basically run the same way by the same people for the benefit of Oligrachs . There are solutions of course but that's for another post",
"The short answer: they can't. They are both broken states run by politicians with socialist mentality who have no regard for economic laws whatsoever. All they have been doing for the last decade or so is burning fat from previous growth cycles, and now they are broken. Their standard of living is actually declining a lot and most people get a bad standard of life while a few lucky ones get a decent one. \n\nTL;DR Whoever told ou they can still function and maintain a high standard of life is dead wrong. They are totally broken.",
"I've spent a fair bit of time in Greece both pre and post recession/Euro crisis and to basically just chime in with what everyone else is saying...Though Greece is first world for things like life expectancy and maybe a few other statistical indicators, the average person is basically broke. The only saving grace in this instance, I think, is that at least in many smaller population centers home ownership is quite high so even if you've got kids and they're 25 years old and don't have a hope in hell of finding a job, they'll always have a roof over their head and food in their mouth. The situation is a bit different in places like Athens where you have a lot of migrants or people who maybe can't afford to pay rent and wind up homeless and visible.\n\nIn short however, the average person has enough disposable income to maybe buy a coffee (which they will proceed to drink for 3 hours) and pack of smokes every day (and a lot of people are stopping smoking for financial reasons) and then to maybe put a liter or two of fuel (1.65 Euro/L) in their scooter and that is about it. \n\nI have several friends over there that have been unemployed now for some time despite extensive post-secondary education and I have several friends with extensive post-secondary education picking tomatoes or other menial agricultural jobs typically reserved for illegal migrants, just to make ends meet. Unless you happen to know somebody to help you get a job you're basically screwed.\n\nThis helps contribute to the brain drain the country experiences and happens cyclically every few decades. Most recently it happened post-WW2 when Greece had the highest hyperinflation ever recorded, then again during the military junta from 67-74 and now once again. If you're young, educated and not encumbered by a family you pretty much have no reason to even try to stay in the country right now. \n\nOh...and God help you if you hurt yourself and have to go to a public hospital...but that's a separate topic\n\nEdited: for a typo",
"About 10% of the people do about 90% of the useful work in Western countries.\n\nThe real question is: why do we - as a society - maintain that (almost) everyone needs to be employed (full time), while that is obviously not necessary?\n\n_URL_0_",
"I am from Greece. I'm in my 30s and I am currently unemployed.\nAnyway. The situation is like this. Greece has excellent climate. Cold during winter, mild for spring and autumn and hot at summer. We have no large manufacturing industries so no polution. We have been inherited a beautifull country. We didn't have to create the beaches,they are just there. We didnt' have to create the landscape, it is just there. Our way of living is simple (in rural areas mostly). That's the good part.\nNow, as i said I am unemployed. My wife is also. My sister _URL_1_ wife's sister is.IMy wife and I live with my _URL_2_ spare money to rent. My parents rent. As a family we have 2 cars.One is being taken by the bank probably in the next months. We have no central heating, only aircondition and some small _URL_4_ wife works a few hours a week and we get by somewhat. I have been recently layed off so untill now we could get by better. My parents have a smal private business. It's goint down day by _URL_3_ father works by 6.30 am to 11pm 7 days per week. He works but clients doesn't pay or at least they dont pay in time or not the whole amount. My father cant afford to say no to jobs and get paid in advance. Because nobody has money. We have been taxed so much that by the end of the month we calculate what money to spend at taxes and what to bills. Most of the bills (if not all) are overdue. I want to have childrend and i think about it. Even if i find a job montly income will be at most 400 - 600 euro at a good job. We are still getting by cause i and my parents had no substantial bank _URL_0_ mortgage. But even the little debt we have is geting bigger by the month. This situation cannot go much far i think. In a few months or by the next 2 years if something doesnt change drastically greece is going to have a major human and social cricis. Please dont think we live well just cause we have a good or maybe an optimistic view towards life. Things are changing drammatically here. We may not show it but they are. ",
"A better question might be Why does the US need almost 94% employment to maintain a standard of living comparable to what Spain and Greece can do with a mere 75%?",
"This may be an odd question, but do residents of the distressed EU countries see an increased number of people in your country marrying out of the country in order to obtain access to work/life outside the EU? \n\nI've had vague ideas of marrying into the EU to eventually acquire a second citizenship. I know it's not strictly legal in the sense that none of these nations, including the US, want people marrying for this reason alone, but it happens all the time. \n\nI don't see why the middle class (and below) shouldn't be able to trade on the one valuable commodity they still have. Certainly a lot of Americans would like a second passport. ",
"They can't. They borrowed too much money and now they have to pay it back. They will have to take a hit."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_concepts"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://elpais.com/elpais/2014/04/16/inenglish/1397657454_952686.html"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8xAXJx9WJ8"
],
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8xAXJx9WJ8"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/oct/28/poverty-and-education-a-lost-decade-for-spains-children"
],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_Index"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://strikemag.org/bullshit-jobs/"
],
[
"debt.No",
"is.My",
"parents.No",
"day.My",
"heaters.My"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2bx65l
|
why is it easy to look at dead animals and guts/gore, but it's hard/scary to see the same with humans?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2bx65l/eli5why_is_it_easy_to_look_at_dead_animals_and/
|
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"Depending on what you previously have seen, it'll be worse one way or the other. If your, say, dog got ran over and splattered all over the sidewalk a few meters away from you when you were at an impressionable age, I'm sure you'd feel sickened by dead/gory animals. The example goes both ways.\n\nGore concerning humans can be hard to look at due to the familiarity of it, but that can also be numbed by all the horror/splatter-movies that people watch. \n**TL;DR:** It's subjective.",
"I've got the exact opposite problem. Human decapitation doesn't phase me at all, but a slightly injured animal makes me horribly upset. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
61eiwi
|
why do fake phone numbers start with 555?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/61eiwi/eli5_why_do_fake_phone_numbers_start_with_555/
|
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"text": [
"Because no real phone number start with that prefix. This means shows can use a number without accidentally giving out a real person's number - 8675309.",
"Fun fact, there are valid 555 numbers. For example, area code+555+4141 will get you 411 in that area code.\n\nHow do I know this? I run a call center auto dialer. Someone was inserting bogus leads and we were dialing it over and over and over. Then we got our phone bill. Thousands of dollars I. 411 charges. Took a while to figure out.",
"The rules have changed over the years, but the 555- exchange (and before that, KLondike-5, which you'll hear on some old TV shows) was fully \"reserved for internal use\".\n\nAbout the same time as we started running out of the original area codes, and the Dialing Plan admins were trying to scrape up numbers wherever they could find them, they de-reserved most of the 555 block; \"fake\" phone numbers are now only 555-01xx and the rest of the block is available."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
4lvoor
|
why there are two different colors on each side of a table tennis racket and what's the difference between them?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4lvoor/eli5why_there_are_two_different_colors_on_each/
|
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"The softness on some some rackets assist with the spin/bounce off the racket. Some rackets also have pimpled(opposite of dimpled) side, which i think also helps with gripping the ball to produce more spin. The same way as rough surface has more grip than soft surface. ",
"There's quite a substantial difference in types of rubber and glue. It affects things like how fast the ball bounces off the paddle, how much spin can be put on the ball. If the ball is already spinning significantly, the softer, stickier rubber will also be more impacted by that spin, meaning that if the ball comes at the paddle with top spin, it's going to go up, and with underspin, down.\n\nTable tennis is very much a game of spin. Spin causes the ball to curve through the air, bounce off the table differently, and bounce off the racket differently. Because of how significant spin is to the game, competitive players often disguise the type of spin they're putting on the ball. This includes things like hitting the ball below the table, stomping on the ground when they hit the ball, or changing the direction of their stroke at the last minute. If you can make the other player think the ball is spinning differently than it is, they're much more likely to make a mistake.\n\nAs an example, I have a racket that has dead rubber on one side and fast rubber with high spin on the other side.\n\nThe black side is unaffected by existing spin, and just returns it as is. If my opponent puts heavy spin on the ball, it bounces straight off my paddle and is returned with that same spin. The black side also slows down the return and drops the ball much closer to the net.\n\nThe red side is fast and imparts heavy spin.\n\nI can make motions with the black side that look like they would induce spin, and it returns a dead ball. If my opponent watches my motion and assumes spin, they're likely to overcompensate and hit the ball off the table. I can then \"twiddle\" (flip the paddle) and impart heavy, fast spin.\n\nIf the opponent can't visually tell between the two sides of a paddle, this would give some players an unfair advantage. Because of this, different colors of rubber are mandated by competitive table tennis rules.\n\n"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
23fco0
|
after watching the ferry capsizing in korea, why is it so hard to get inside and rescue those people?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/23fco0/eli5_after_watching_the_ferry_capsizing_in_korea/
|
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"Also, why do they keep getting the families together in a big room? There's nothing good that can come from that. ",
"A better question IMO is why do so many people fail to exit. Once the boat starts listing, I would think that most people would make their way to the upper decks.",
"Theres a bunch of things that make it extremely dangerous for divers to go in.\n\nAs you probably suspected, the water at that depth is very murky and its pitch black, so visibility is even worse than terrible, making it very hard to manouver down there, even harder to search for anything that isn't in front of your nose. Finding a (safe) way into the ship is extremely hard, and you'll have to make sure you can find your way back to it too.\n\n\nI've heard there are also rough currents there, so it makes it even harder for divers to get to a certain spot and stay there. Furthermore, it'll keep moving the ship around a bit: not enough to actually move the ship, but just enough to make it wobble a bit. We'll get back to that later on.\n\n\nThe fact is that a sunken ship is pretty much a diver's worst nightmare. I'm not talking about the old ones that have been sitting there for half a century and will still be there for another century. Those are stable and ankered into the ocean floor by reefs and other things that have grown over them. A ship like this is a death trap: not only does it have tons of sharp things that can cut your life support, or stuff that can get you entangled, it keeps wobbling around, making it even harder for a diver to avoid all the dangerous objects that float around within. Its hard to not get trapped in there, and when you do it will be pretty much impossible for a diving buddy to untrap you.\n\n\nTLDR: Terrible visibility in an already dangerous shipwreck makes it hard for divers to get in without putting themselves into great danger.",
"The kids were on upper decks. The boat rolled over and what was down is now up. If there are people alive in air pockets at this time they would be in the lower level engineering spaces. That said the water is only 50 degrees F. If wet and in that temperature the most you could last would be an hour or two before you died from hypothermia. My crew pulled a jumper out of the water after 45 minutes in 45 degree temperature water who was barely hanging on. The patient had a high body fat percentage which probably helped save her.",
"\nThis is a little off-topic, but as a retired merchant seaman I've been wanting to explain a few things since this tragedy happened. 1) It is not unusual for the captain to be off the bridge. Usually a ship has two or three officers (mates) who are fully qualified to navigate the ship. 2) The captain or mate does not actually steer the ship. They usually sit or stand at the radar and give steering directions to the helmsman, who physically operate the wheel or helm. 3) The helmsman is not referred to as a coxswain. A coxswain is a person operating a boat, not a ship. Thanks for letting me clear up some miscommunication I have seen and heard on tv or in the newspaper. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
1rrsvw
|
when someone dies and gets embalmed, what happens to their blood?
|
It's my understanding that their blood is pumped out and embalming fluid is pumped in. What happens with all that blood? I'm sure they're not just running it down the kitchen sink. Is it possible to save that blood so people can use it later, or is it basically spoiled by the time a person gets to a mortician?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rrsvw/eli5_when_someone_dies_and_gets_embalmed_what/
|
{
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"cdq9ueb"
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"The blood forced out during the embalming process washes down the same pipes that water from toilets/showers/sink use.\n\nThe blood is no longer viable for any medical procedures and is normally partially clotted by the time the embalming process begins. One of the first steps in the embalming process is to pump in \"arterial fluid\" which also may or may not contain chemicals to help break up the clotted blood."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
62567c
|
what does this isp selling browser history mean for me?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/62567c/eli5what_does_this_isp_selling_browser_history/
|
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"I don't have an answer but I am dying to know too. Who can buy my search history? Employer, health insurance provider, any random person? ",
"ISP's monitor and track your browsing habits and surfing. Now they are legally allowed to sell of your data to third parties without telling you. Yes, vpn will definitely keep your browsing private.",
"SSL (HTTPS) is extremely important now. Checkout the Chrome extension HTTPS everywhere. \n\nAnd no, a VPN will not protect you, but it [kinda does] (_URL_0_). Just know that all this is still new and we're all trying to grasp this. ",
"It could mean invasion of internet privacy, more information for third party affiliates (ADs, blackmail) that come from you.\n\nPlus National Agencies that bulk search your information, all this is controversial and not publicly admitted nor should be taken to heart in truth but the very fact that ISP does this opens a lot of doors.\n\nAustralia has some of the worst internet in the world, they also have a law in which meta data (websites you visit) can be kept up for 2 years by your ISP. This is usually so the our agencies can get some private information to link you dangerous things or advertisement data selling.\n\nAs other have said, having a VPN protects you in a small way against a small threat, it will encrypt your traffic and make it harder for the ISPs to figure exactly what traffic, what website you are on. But some ISPs do have tools that narrow it down to exactly kind of data, not what data but what kind if you are using text, video, torrenting. Nethertheless, unless you have leaks, they shouldn't find out anything about what you are doing.\n\nCommerical VPNs are not the trustworthy in the sense of absolute security as they could be monitored, bought but they do protect you from ISPs as they usually don't have the power nor interest to chase your data.\n\nEither ways, a VPN is not absolutely secure but it should provide doubt and shouldn't link you to any data that the ISP can use. If they tell you to stop using a VPN or link you to something. That's a basic invasion of privacy and would recommend switching. What ISP is directly selling browser history anyways?",
"Some helpful software.\n\nFirefox: DuckDuckGo (!g); and Onion browser\n\nAddons: Ublock Origin, NoScript, Disconnect, and self destructing cookies\n\nPlease obtain a VPN! We need to starve the corporations lobbying against our privacy.\n\nBleachbit\n\nRemove yourself from social media like Twitter and Facebook.\n\nMy referral for ExpressVPN which is a worthwhile investment: [link](_URL_0_)",
"I've read that this will remove the opt-in requirement, but will consumers still be able to opt-out?",
"It will have no new effects on you. Your ISP has been allowed to pass on your browsing history since the creation of the internet. As for how this has affected you overall the other answers here should have that covered.",
"The truth is, not much. There has (surprise!) been a lot of misinformation about what's going on. \n\nThe bill that supposedly made it legal for ISPs to sell your browsing history actually merely rejected a rule promulgated by the FTC last year. That's the way administrative rules work. The FTC is not elected, so congress must review and can reject the rules. \n\nSo now things go back to how they were before the rule, which you probably didn't notice anyway. \n\n\n",
"Just going to Copy-Paste from another thread I replied to:\n\nOk, I do netsec & net eng so without going into super specifics let's give this a whirl:\n\n > but is it now also possible Google to sell my browsing data\n\nIt always was, and they do. Google makes it's money by creating user profiles, and selling them to ad agencies, or running ads themselves. That is where their money comes from.\n\nThe thing is google doesn't have all your browsing data. Google has your search history, any tracking done through their ad services, your email, your location if you use google maps, and basically anything you do on chrome or stock android, especially if you are signed in.\n\nNow google themselves uses this information to provide a very good service. Ever wonder why google searches tend to be the best? Well not only are they the biggest, but because of their user profile, they know what you want.\n\nTake a member of /r/the_donald and /r/politics. Have those two users both search the word \"impeach\" and they will get two different suggestion lists. While both will likely have \"Impeach Obama\" and \"Impeach Trump\" they will likely be in different order.\n\nThis is because google is predicting what you want based on previous search history & email keywords (yes google scans your email).\n\nNow google provides **excellent** service, but there is a price to pay for it. On the internet if you are not paying for something you can assume you are the product being sold.\n\nUnless of course google is your ISP. Then they get everything, because they can see everything.\n\n_______________________________________________________________\n\nOnto what *YOU* can do about it. Get yourself a VPN (Virtual private Network).\n\nThere are many providers, I myself use NORDVPN, but they aren't the most popular due to some customer service issues, and they aren't the most secure if you aren't running on openVPN. The upside is they are relatively cheap, very simple to use, and have a lot of nodes all over the world.\n\nBut if you are just looking to anonymize your traffic, circumvent region locks, and maybe hide some torrenting I think they're great.\n\nOn to the technical side, who is a VPN and what does it do?\n\nA VPN basically creates an encrypted traffic tunnel & routes all your internet traffic through that.\n\nSo instead of seeing:\n\n* workacct1484 connects to _URL_2_ \n* workacct1484 pulls down images from /r/unxpectedjihad\n* workacct 1484 receives torrent traffic from < nodes > \n\nmy ISP instead sees:\n\n* workacct1484 blarglblarglc'thulhuharblehoggglyfthagn to < Server > \n* workacct1484 blarglblarglr'lyehharblehoggglywtagn to < Server > \n* workacct1484 blarglblarglph'ngluiharblehoggglymglw'nafh to < Server > \n\nSo my ISP has no idea what I am doing on that connection, only that all my traffic is going to that server. So while they *could* sell my browsing data, it would be useless.\n\n[Diagram](_URL_1_)\n\nNow you might say to yourself, \"Self, what if the MPAA suspects workacct1484 of torrenting. Can't they sue & subpoena the VPN provider for their logs?\"\n\nYes, they can. Which is why you need a VPN provider that does not keep logs. Many of them don't and what happens is this:\n\n* MPAA sues & demands VPN logs\n* VPN provider says Ok, but we don't have them. We do not keep logs. We cannot give you something we don't have.\n* MPAA curses\n\nNow if you start torrenting too much (like actually releasing the new content as node 0), or start doing more shady things like drug deals, and the FBI needs to get involved, you may be in trouble. Because a VPN can be compromised. It's not a 100% guarantee. But security isn't about being unbreachable, it's about being more secure than the attacker cares to break.\n\nHow do we get around this? TOR:\n\n_____________________________________________________________\n\nTOR the onion browser, a necessary tool in the fight for privacy.\n\nWhat does TOR do? Well TOR encrypts your traffic. At every. single. network hop.\n\nWhat do I mean? Well you don't connect to _URL_2_. do a traceroute to even _URL_0_ & you will see many hops. Each hop TOR re-ecnrypts your traffic.\n\n[Diagram](_URL_3_)\n\nThis does create a slow connection but a much more secure connection. It is not 100% secure though. If someone controls both the first & last node you use, they can do reasonably well finding out your traffic with some other information. I won't get into the specifics, but suffice to say it is **NOT** easy, but it *CAN* be done.\n\n_______________________________________________________________\n\nSo if you really want to ensure privacy what do you do? Well first off, stop using chrome. Use an opensource browser like opera or firefox.\n\nSecond get a VPN.\n\nThird use TOR over that VPN.\n\nFourth, start calling your representatives & telling them how you feel, then GET OUT & VOTE. Representatives can see who is registered to vote, if you call or email and bitch, but aren't registered to vote, they do not give a single fuck about your opinion.\n\nFinally, realize you lack the money & expertise to stop a truly dedicated attacker with any sufficient backing.\n\n______________________________________________________________\n\nAnd finally what does this mean for you?\n\nFor the average person. Nothing. You will not really see an impact from ISPs selling your browsing data to advertisers. Because it's already happening. And it's not just ISPs. It's google, microsoft, apple, amazon, onstar, basically everyone does it. Especially facebook. \n\n#GET THE FUCK OFF FACEBOOK IF YOU CARE AT ALL ABOUT YOUR PRIVACY.\n\nThey are literally public enemy #1 when it comes to privacy.\n\nBut why should you care?\n\nBecause these people are often very careless. Not because they choose to be, but because they honestly don't give two flying fucks about your data. And if they get compromised other people may be able to view your data. Maybe your company buys your data & sees you looking for a new job & fires you. Maybe your neighbor buys your history & sees that you frequent /r/clopclop (NSFW) and uses that to blackmail or embarrass you because you called them out at a school PTA meeting. Maybe an identity thief sees you going to < Local Credit Union > .com and now can focus their attack.\n\nIf you don't think your internet history matters, then post it here. All of it. Oh and everything you cleared. And everything done in \"private\" browsing modes.\n\nAnd because, personally, I just don't think it's right. You should be allowed privacy. You shouldn't be tracked, and monitored, and sold like cattle. You are a person, not a commodity. And because very often people do not have choice in ISPs, you need to actually fight for your rights because the market is not \"free\" and there are no realistic competitive options.\n\n\nIf you have any questions feel free to ask.\n\n",
"If you use Google or Facebook it really doesn't mean much. \n\nWhile an ISP does have a more complete view of the sites you visit, they still can't see the content you are accessing via HTTPS. They can however view HTTP traffic. Also your ISP knows where you live and likely has access to credit rating information from billing. \n\nA good analogy is think of your ISP like a water company but you have both clear and opaque pipes. Clear pipes are HTTP, opaque pipes are HTTPS. The data you transfer is the liquid in the pipes. Because the ISP controls the pipes as they leave your property, they know where and how the pipes route. Because network packets indicate where they need to go, the ISP can tell when and where the data is flowing. Now when you communicate over the HTTP (the clear pipes) anyone who can see the pipes can also see the data as it passes. The ISP can see a lot if this data if they choose. When using HTTPS (the opaque) no one can see the data except the sender and recipient. \n\nBack to Google or Facebook. Both companies and their affiliates leave tracking cookies and utilize tracking software to capture you browsing and viewing habits. They can actually capture way more detail, as they can also access the HTTPS content and URL, which the ISP cannot do. However it does rely upon a large network of affiliate sites (which there is no shortage) to get a breadth of information collected. \n\nBack to pipes... imagine that the pipes flow in both directions. Some website dyes the data going back that stains your browser uniquely so that any that any time you transfer data again they or some friends they've informed about the stain, can identify you. \n\nVPNS only solve the ISP snooping in a limited manner - it doesn't solve the Google or Facebook (or other media tracking company that uses embedded cookies). \n\nPipes again... so the VPN is like inserting a smaller opaque pipe through one of the ISP's pipes - clear or opaque. Now the only destination that can view your content and final destination is the VPN provider. The ISP can only tell you are routing data to the VPN provider, they can't tell what the data is, nor it's final destination. \n\nWhat does this all mean? It means your ISP can profit from the extra data they can collect about your internet usage. They can only collect and sell what they know. While yes, this is a huge amount of data - it still pales in comparison to what is already available via social media tracking which is more detailed and refined. At most this means media tracking companies buy enough data to complete their picture and tie you to a real and physical identity - which they can likely do within a 90% certainty anyways without. \n\nWhat I hope it means... cheaper ISP fees. Privacy on the Internet was gone a long time ago. ",
"What it means, in practical reality, is that the relationship between you and your ISP or mobile provider has drastically changed.\n\nUntil now, the ISP or mobile provider (the Company) was a business that offered a service - connection to the internet - as its product for to a customer - you - for a fee - money you pay. The relationship, although may be strained at times, worked, because the Company's motivation was to provide the customer a good service at a fair price. You pay, you receive service, everyone's happy. If you don't like the service, you switch to a different provider (Like, cancel Verizon and go to AT & T).\n\nNow, it's completely different. The ISP or mobile provider is still the Company, but you are no longer the customer. The product the Company now provides is data - your browsing history, email activity, text activity, common keywords typed in emails and texts, location data, anything stored in the cloud, etc. The buyer of your data is the customer. You are now the farm, and are not the primary focus of the company's efforts to please. They will now work to please their customers, the buyers of your info, and farm you to keep their customers happy and their revenue flowing.\n\nIn this case, however, unlike facebook and google, the Company charges you, the resource, to feed it data, the product, to sell to their customers.\n\nImagine a strawberry having to pay you to eat it. It's like that. Except, you are the strawberry.",
"Wasn't this already legal? What the republicans did was *stop* a *new set* of privacy laws that don't currently exist from coming into effect. ISPs could already do this the whole time, but apparently they chose not to do so, presumably because it's shitty business. I agree that it sucks that these privacy laws weren't enacted, but why is everybody freaking out?"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
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"http://www.theverge.com/2017/3/25/15056290/vpn-isp-internet-privacy-security-fcc-repeal"
],
[],
[
"http://www.expressrefer.com/refer-a-friend/30-days-free/?referrer_id=11567461&utm_campaign=referrals&utm_medium=copy_link&utm_source=referral_dashboard"
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"reddit.com",
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||
18wbkx
|
the federal government furloughs and its overall impact?
|
How will this impact civilian, military and government contractors/civilians.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/18wbkx/eli5_the_federal_government_furloughs_and_its/
|
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"I am currently working as a DoD civilian. In practice, what I am seeing:\n\n * Contractors get the short end of the stick - contracts can be severed with little notice or recourse, so contractors working on something small enough to not have direct support from a member of congress are likely to get laid off. I know a number of people to whom this has already happened in anticipation.\n * Military won't be directly effected - there is a specific provision exempting them from furlough and pay cut. \n * Civilian personnel will be taking an effectively 20% pay cut for the rest of the year, which sucks, but at least no one is getting laid off. I'm fortunate enough to work in engineering, so I make enough that I'll just need to be careful with my spending, but this is going to seriously screw people at lower GS levels - there's actually even plans in the OPM administrative furlough guidance about what to do when someones deductions exceed their entire salary. In addition to the financial hardship of the actual workers, that's also money that is not going to be going into any of their communities - these money these jobs bring in to an area are said to leverage to 5-7 other jobs in the community, so there's a distinct possibility that it will have an effect on jobs in other industries."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1z774r
|
why is there such a huge gap in between the elements in the first three rows of the periodic table?
|
Such as between hydrogen and helium, berelium and boron, or magnesium and aluminum. Why aren't they immediatly after one another on the table?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1z774r/eli5_why_is_there_such_a_huge_gap_in_between_the/
|
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"Elements are placed on the table according to the number of valence electrons they have. Generally, nonmetals are on the right side of the table, while metals are on the left. The metals in the middle are the transition metals; they can have different numbers of valence electrons in their elemental state. The placement of hydrogen is actually pseudo-controversial; it isn't a metal, but it's placed in the same family as the alkali metals. Some tables place it next to helium, above flourine, since it also has one valence electron.",
"Short version - the table lines them up by behavior, and the edge behaviors start out frequent but get farther apart.\n\nLonger Version - One of the biggest ways elements behave is in how they interact with others. The primary way they interact is by sharing electrons. Elements have layers of electrons they like to fill, so if they have one electron all by itself in a layer, they will be very eager to donate that electron to fill someone elses outer layer. If they have a full outer layer, they won't want to interact with anything to avoid messing up their pretty outer layer.\n\nNow, the reason for the gap - the layers are not the same size. Like an onion, the inner layers are small, and the outer layers are big. So the very first row goes from only one outer electron to a full outer layer in just 2 elements, because the inner layer only has 2 \"spaces\" to fill. Further down the chart the larger layers take more electrons to fill, so there are more elements between \"only one\" and \"totally full\".\n\nMore accurate version - take a chemistry class\n\nReally accurate version - Many researchers still make livings figuring out more fine details and coming up with better ways to understand why these things do what they do.",
"The periodic table you know has actually been squished to fit on the page better. [It more correctly looks like this](_URL_0_), so if you thought hydrogen and helium were far apart before, well, hold on to your hat!"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
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|
j2yxw
|
can someone explain the china/taiwan dispute like i'm five?
|
I am from mainland China but I have many Taiwanese friends. I have had a difficult time fully understanding the situation as most of my fellow mainlanders articulate a very vitriolic and patriotic position in support of PRC and most of my Taiwanese friends simply threaten to punch me in the face if I so much as imply that Taiwan is part of China proper.
The perspective of the PRC is pretty understandable given my background, but I don't understand Taiwan's position very well. Why are so they determined to stay separated? Are they seriously considering provoking a military conflict for the title? What kind of freedoms would they give up if they integrated back into the PRC? What legitimate claim does the ROC have to *all* of China? These are just some of the questions I have.
I am not pushing a political agenda; I just want to understand the whole picture a little better. Thanks very much.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/j2yxw/can_someone_explain_the_chinataiwan_dispute_like/
|
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"This is basically how I know it... feel free to correct me if I am mistaken.\n\nROC (Republic of China) was established by [KMT](_URL_0_), or the nationalists after overthrowing of the Qing dynasty through Wuchang uprising inspired by Dr. Sun Yat-sen (who been touring the USA at the time). The communists (or CCP) was another political party. Those two political parties basically worked together to deal with the warlords (China was still much of a feudal country back then). After Dr. Sun died, Jiang Kai Shek took over by eliminated his oppositions. He then ordered the killing of all communists. These communists were everyday people -- teachers, students, doctors, etc. If you were communist party member, you would be arrested and shot without so much as a trial.\n\nThe remaining communists leaders fought back with the troops that were still under their control. However, they were outnumbered and had to run to mountains to hide. Then, conveniently, the Japanese invasion interrupted their civil war and they sort of united against a common enemy. But after WWII, in 1945, the civil war started back up again and CCP won the war in 1949. Taiwan became the final stronghold of KMT. Jiang Kai Shek ruled Taiwan until he died, then his oldest son took his position and ruled until he died, too.\n\nToday, the communists controlled mainland China is called People's Republic of China (PRC). Under PRC constitution, Taiwan is a part of China, and ROC government is no longer legal as a country.\n\nUnder Taiwan's constitution, PRC is illegal, and ROC is the legitimate government of ALL of China which including entire mainland, Taiwan, and Mongolia.",
"So, before WWII there was a civil war in China between the Communists and the KMT (or Chinese Nationalists). Both claimed to be the legitimate government of the country. Originally the Communists were the rebels against the then-ruling KMT. The short version is that the Communists won the war after a brief alliance with the KMT to push out the Japanese during WWII, and pushed the KMT off the mainland to Taiwan. The KMT continued to assert that it was the rightful claimant to the entire country, and that the Communists were just rebels. Meanwhile the Communists stated that Taiwan was their territory, so we had a standoff across the Strait. For a brief period, before the Chinese Communists broke with their Soviet partners, this was a proxy-war thing, with the US backing the (non-Communist and thus, in the US's eyes, infinitely better) KMT, while the Soviets backed the Chinese Communists. When the Soviets backed out, the US still saw that China was Communist, so it stayed on Taiwan's side (the US would basically defend anyone who was anti-Communist at the time, no matter how terrible and evil they otherwise were).\n\nTaiwan is not going to provoke a military conflict, and neither is the PRC. Remember, it's been this way for over fifty years without a shot fired in anger on either side. Both sides are engaged in meaningless political posturing. The United States has a mutual defense treaty with Taiwan, so any attacks on Taiwan are treated as attacks on the US. This is still in place today, so the PRC won't start anything, because it doesn't want a war with its most important trading partner. Taiwan won't start anything because the treaty doesn't count if they attack the PRC, and the PRC would crush them utterly. Taiwan mostly keeps up its claim to the Chinese mainland as a purely political posture. What Taiwan really wants is internationally-recognized independence from China. The mainland doesn't want that. So for now, until something changes, Taiwan basically has an unspoken agreement not to push for real, internationally recognized independence so long as the PRC doesn't push to take over Taiwan.\n\nThey would lose a lot going to Chinese rule. They have a multiparty democracy that allows greater citizen involvement in government and politics than the one-party rule on the mainland. They have a more capitalistic system of economics, as well as their own currency, extremely low poverty rates (1.6% according to the [CIA World Factbook](_URL_0_)), etc. All of these things are worse off in the PRC.",
"During the communist revolution, the Chinese leadership (the ones who were getting ousted, not the ones who were taking over) fled to Taiwan and set up their government there. For many years they acted as a government-in-exile, similar to the French during World War II. They held the Chinese seat at the UN for many years because the rest of the world took their time recognizing the new Chinese government. This is the basis of their claim to all of China, though I doubt that *anyone* actually takes their claim seriously anymore, even the Taiwanese public themselves.\n\nThe idea of provoking a military conflict is likely political, but Taiwan has built up a significant military to deter China from simply walking in and taking over. \n\nTaiwan has become a liberal democracy over the last couple decades, something they believe they will lose if they were to become part of China. China also has a reputation in the international community for human rights violations.",
"I'm not expecting anyone to read this.\n\nThe relationship between China and Taiwan is generally talked about under the name \"Cross-Strait Relations\" or something to that effect. The name comes from the Taiwan Strait, which separates the island from mainland china. A note: Mainland China is technically the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan is the Republic of China (ROC). If you read other auxilliary information about this subject, you may encounter these terms.\n\nLet's start with some basic Chinese history. For about 300 years, starting in the 17th Century, China was ruled by what is referred to as the Qing/Manchu dynasty. The territory under the purview of the Qing administration included much of modern PRC and the island of Taiwan, among other things. However, by the late 19th Century, the Qing leadership had become largely ineffective, and Japan--a rising power--became embroiled in a conflict with China. We call that conflict the Sino-Japanese War. China lost, and as part of the peace agreement, China gave Taiwan to Japan.\n\nJapan took over leadership of Taiwan and held onto it until 1945, when they were defeated in WWII. During this time, Japan developed Taiwan's economy and elevated the standard of living for many of the Taiwanese people; Japan very much groomed Taiwan to be a part of Japan, and taught Taiwanese students the Japanese language and customs. However, when Japan lost WWII, they gave control of the island back to the new Republic of China, which was ruled by what is called the Kuomintang. The Kuomintang was a product of a new wave of Chinese nationalism, and they came into power in 1912, after a successful rebellion against the Qing dynasty. The Kuomintang (KMT) aspired to be a democracy, but was also fervently nationalistic. When they were given control over Taiwan, the KMT authority was especially harsh; anti-Mainland sentiment results from actions during this time period, most notably the \"228 Incident\" in 1947, in which the KMT massacred Taiwanese demonstrators who were angry about brutality by the KMT Tobacco Bureau (they killed an old lady who had contraband cigarettes and took her money).\n\nBack in Mainland China, the KMT, led by Chiang Kai-Shek had begun to experience some domestic difficulties that posed a greater problem than Taiwanese demonstrators: Mao Zedong, who led a party called the Communist Party of China (CPC), was vying with the KMT for control. The situation quickly moved from political maneuvering to outright civil war. By 1949, the Communists--who called their new nation the People's Republic of China--had taken control of the mainland, and the KMT was forced to retreat to Taiwan. At this point, the PRC was thwarted every time they tried to get to Taiwan, and the KMT dared not come out. They would remain in an official state of war until 1979.\n\nDespite some flare-ups, for the most part there was a tenuous peace (a cease-fire, more accurately). Obviously, trade and travel between the ROC and the PRC was nil. Most people expected that eventually, the PRC would just take Taiwan, and that would be that.\n\nRecall, though, that in the fifties, the US became increasingly agitated at the thought of Communist control of a sizeable military, political, or economic nation. The Korean War changed the Cross-Strait situation immensely. Politically, the US realized that it could not permit the Communists to take control of Taiwan, so President Truman ordered the US Navy to hang out in the Taiwan Strait and make sure nothing happened.\n\nThings stayed like this until 1978, when eventually the ROC began to allow its citizens to visit the PRC. Eventually, this led to more and more contact--though on a very gradual scale. Eventually both sides reached what is called the 1992 Consensus, in which both the PRC and ROC decided that they should just figure out how to make things work in the present, rather than decide questions about whether both sides were separate nations.\n\nThe official stance of the ROC used to be that it wanted to eventually reunify with the PRC, but it had obviously issues with the framework of the PRC government. But around the time of the 1992 Consensus, the public and the government of Taiwan began to feel more strongly about independence. The Chinese government was not happy about this, and in 1996 they conducted a missile exercise intended to intimidate pro-independence parties in Taiwan. This led to a interstrait crisis and relations between Taipei and Beijing broke down.\n\nFrom 1998 until around 2008, the tone of the PRC shifted dramatically. They were insistent on the \"one China policy,\" which means pretty much what it sounds like--that Taiwan and Mainland China should all be one big China. Now, they'd had this policy before, but the general idea of the 1992 Consensus meant that this policy had fallen far into the background. Hu Jintao, the president of the PRC, continued to threaten Taiwan militarily and attempted to isolate them diplomatically--essentially refusing to deal with other nations that they perceived to be validating the legitimacy of a Taiwanese government.\n\nSuch actions by the PRC were due in part to the 2000 election in Taiwan of a man named Chen Shui-bian, who was not a member of the KMT (the first time that had happened). Shui-bian was very pro-independence, and he also generally disregarded the principle of the 1992 Consensus. Though in some rare cases, the ROC and PRC worked together, for the vast majority of the time neither side spoke to the other; rather, they spoke *about* the other.\n\nIn 2008, the KMT won the election in Taiwan again, and after some negotiations with Jintao and the PRC leadership, the 1992 Consensus was agreed upon as a framework for future talks. Direct interstrait flights began again, trade picked up.\n\n**The present situation, overly simplified: the PRC and the ROC will work together, but they don't necessarily trust one another. The PRC will still diplomatically attack any nation that seems to be legitimizing the ROC--Obama, for example, sold some anti-missle equipment to the ROC, and China retaliated by severing military ties with America (this was in 2010). The PRC is ready to invade Taiwan if they declare independence, develop WMDs, or if the ROC government is severely threatened by civil disorder.**\n\nNow, to your questions:\n\n > Why are they determined to stay separated?\n\nThe PRC believes that the ROC is an illegitimate group taking control of PRC land, the ROC believes the inverse.\n\n > Are they seriously considering provoking a military conflict for the title? \n\nIt's unlikely that open warfare will come of the current diplomatic situation, but if circumstances were to change (see the last sentence of my last paragraph), warfare could be possible--but it would be the PRC would would attack, not the ROC.\n\n > What kind of freedoms would they give up if they integrated back into the PRC?\n\nMainly they'd lose the autonomy of being a semisovereign nation.\n\n > What legitimate claim does the ROC have to all of China?\n\nConsider the history that I laid out. The KMT controls the ROC, and the KMT used to be the people that controlled *all* of China--present PRC included. To them, the CPC is an illegitimate group controlling parts of their land, but they don't have the military power to stop them.\n",
"I appreciate how long and thorough all the responses here so far are, but they also sort of require a LOT of background historical knowledge some of us don't have. Can anyone please put this in **actual \"explain like I'm five\" terms**? Other redditors managed to do this with the long and arduous history of the Israel-Palestine conflict, I'd really appreciate a simple answer here too...",
"Costa Rican here. All I know is that Taiwan gave us a fancy new bridge. Then we told them to fuck off so we could get a fancy brand new stadium from China.",
"\nI didn't see anyone explaining this like the OP was five, so here ya go:\n\nOnce upon a time there were three brothers of the China family, Elder brother Chiang Kai-Shek, Middle brother Taiwan and Little Brother Chairman Mao. A long time ago, Middle brother Taiwan said, \"I'm going to go build my fort over on this here island.\" Elder Brother and Little Brother were like, \"We don't care what you do because our forts over here on the mainland are in AWESOMELAND. Your fort is in SUCKSVILLE. Population: You.\" \n\nSo a long time passed and then the three brothers had a fort fight with the Japanese kid next door (Sino-Japanese War, 1895). And lost. \"Dude, we lost! We have to give up a fort. Ok, let's give Taiwan's fort to the Japanese kid. Don't complain, your island fort sucks anyways so no big loss.\" Middle Brother Taiwan was like \"Dude!\" and the Japanese kid was like \"Sweet!\" and since the Japanese kid was lonely he was all like \"Hey, I will love him and hug him and call him George and he's going to be my little brother from now until FOREVER.\" \n\nSo time passed and Middle Brother still wasn't all that happy about it because he didn't reeeeaaallly want to be Japanese or speak Japanese like the Japanese kid was making him, but at least the Japanese kid helped him with his homework, pimped out his fort, and even gave him a hat that said \"Fort Assistant Manager\". So he got used to it and it wasn't as bad as it could have been, since the Japanese kid actually did more for Middle Brother than his other brothers ever did.\n\n40 years pass, then there was this HUGE fort fight that went up and down the entire block (World War II), and the Japanese kid got his butt kicked, and had to give back Middle Brother's fort. Middle Brother was all like, \"Yay I'm back in the family again! Everything's going to be awesome!\" and opened his arms to hug Elder Brother who had saved him, but all Elder Brother did was punch him in the face, then Middle Brother was all like \"DON'T TASE ME BRO\" and Elder Brother totally tased him, stole all the pimped out stuff in the fort that the Japanese kid gave him, and took his \"Fort Assistant Manager\" hat and stomped all over it and said \"I'm Elder Brother so you have to do what I say. And I say you're Fort Peon now and don't you forget it!\" (White Terror, 228 incident)\n\nFour years later, Little Brother Mao was like, \"Yo, Elder Brother, you suck. Imma take over.\" and Elder Brother Chiang was like \"No wai!\" and Little Brother Mao was like \"wai!\" and there was a fight and Elder Brother Chiang lost and got kicked out of his fort on the mainland. (Chinese civil war) Then Elder Brother Chiang had nowhere to go, and Middle Brother was like, \"You suck, go away\" but Elder Brother was like \"All your fort are belong to me!\" and took over Middle Brother's fort on the little island.\n\nSo Elder Brother Chiang yelled from the little island, \"Imma come back and kick your ass\" and Little Brother, now Big Brother Mao yelled back \"You and what army\" and Elder Brother was like \"ummm... yeah well Imma get a big army just you wait!\" 50 years pass. No army. \n\nHow it is now:\n\nElder Brother Chiang (Kuomintang party) still talks crap about how he should be in charge of both the mainland and the island because he's ELDER BROTHER after all, even when Middle Brother and Little Brother both don't like him. Even if Little Brother, that rat bastard, has like a billion more army guys. But he knows he can't win, and he still misses the mainland, so he's open to the idea of a Grand Fort Reunification, though his idea and Big Brother's idea of reunification is waaaay different.\n\nMiddle Brother (Democratic Progressive Party) has managed to get back half custody of the island fort, but still doesn't trust any of his brothers, much less Elder Brother who he's stuck sharing the fort with, remembering how he got tased instead of hugged last time there was any Reunification talk going around. He also remembers the times when his brothers first ignored him, then shipped him off to the Japanese kid, then stole all his stuff and took over his fort, and now since he's all grown up from being the snotty little island kid with no shoes and now is the 19th largest economy of the world, now they're all interested in him again. All he wants is to be left alone with his fort.\n\nLittle Brother Mao (Communist China) is now Big Brother of all the mainland, and he's all like \"Hey, I beat up the Japanese kid, and made him give back the island fort to ME (here Elder Brother yells \"NO THAT WAS MEEEEE\", is ignored). And I could crush you with my little pinky finger whenever I want to, and I will if at some indeterminate point in the future if you don't come back and be one big happy uncrushed family again. But I wouldn't really crush you. Because I care. Because we're faaaaaamily. And that's the most important thing of all, isn't it? Family. Unless you're the kind of family that doesn't come back. Because then I WILL crush you.\"",
"China perspective: Taiwan is China's. They escaped. It will eventually return to the mother land. If not for those pesky Americans.\n\nTaiwan Perspective: We don't like commies. We escaped because we had our own problems but we didn't want MORE problems. We WANT to return and reunite with China but again, we don't like commies. Our societies are totally different now and so we think that at this point we don't want to reunite until China is more at our level.\n\nHong Kong is looking ok...\n\nWhy weapons: We like weapons. Weapons are cool. We get them from the US. It makes people in China freak out. So we like them. If we had no weapons China might invade.\n\nWorld Perspective: China is unbalanced. They want to invade Taiwan. If China did this... it would be world war 3.\n\nUS perspective: All commies are bad and not to be trusted. All capitalists are good and can be trusted even though there is so much evidence of massive corruption in the KMT back in the day.\n\nA Taiwan person's perspective: Holy crap China is improving so much. let's do business with them.\n\nTaiwan politician's perspective: OH goody, I can use this as a political tool in the next election!\n\nTaiwan's voters perspective: *rolling of eyes* not again. more of the same...\n\nChinese person's perspective: I don't believe anything my government tells me. But, Taiwan is bad. But I love Taiwan Pop music. Everyday there are lawmakers in Taiwan fighting. I swear they replay it a lot... but still it must be everyday.\n\nChinese politician: Let's become intertwined so much that we all look the same and our differences disappear and you start to believe our propaganda about yourselves!\n\nInternational Olympic Committee perspective: Enough already, make up your mind! PRC or ROC or PRC Taiwan or what?? I'm sick of making all these signs!!! You have a year to make up your mind! By London 2012 make a decision!!!\n\nIs that clear??"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuomintang"
],
[
"https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tw.html"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
a80mlg
|
what exactly happens when one country purchases a piece of land from another country?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/a80mlg/eli5what_exactly_happens_when_one_country/
|
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" > **ELI5:What exactly happens when one country purchases a piece of land from another country?** \n\nDepends. There is no blanket, universal series of events that happens. The details would all be worked out for that specific transaction."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
k4k7z
|
what does it mean by 20 inches of rain?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/k4k7z/what_does_it_mean_by_20_inches_of_rain/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c2hgbvj",
"c2hgbvj"
],
"score": [
5,
5
],
"text": [
"You know how if you filled up a swimming pool with 20\" of water, it would be 20\" deep right? Well 20\" of rain, if you had a swimming pool or a really tall coffee can, would fill up to 20\" from rain just as if you had filled it with a garden hose. The sell an item called a rain gauge just for this, so when it stops raining you can see how much rain you got. This is very important to people such as farmers.\n\nOf course when it rains the ground soaks it up, or it runs off into drains, creeks, etc., so you'll not be in 20\" of water unless you are in the wrong area, in which case you could be in considerably more than 20\" of water due to all the runoff from higher elevations.\n\nIt is very rare to get 20\" of rain, only a hurricane typically would do this, and only very few of them.\n\nIn '98 Georges dumped 36\" of rain on us in 4 days. It was pretty ugly.",
"You know how if you filled up a swimming pool with 20\" of water, it would be 20\" deep right? Well 20\" of rain, if you had a swimming pool or a really tall coffee can, would fill up to 20\" from rain just as if you had filled it with a garden hose. The sell an item called a rain gauge just for this, so when it stops raining you can see how much rain you got. This is very important to people such as farmers.\n\nOf course when it rains the ground soaks it up, or it runs off into drains, creeks, etc., so you'll not be in 20\" of water unless you are in the wrong area, in which case you could be in considerably more than 20\" of water due to all the runoff from higher elevations.\n\nIt is very rare to get 20\" of rain, only a hurricane typically would do this, and only very few of them.\n\nIn '98 Georges dumped 36\" of rain on us in 4 days. It was pretty ugly."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
17uvyf
|
wormholes, what they are, and how they work
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/17uvyf/eli5_wormholes_what_they_are_and_how_they_work/
|
{
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"c891uc7",
"c893twp",
"c89alzi",
"c89kp7u"
],
"score": [
5,
30,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Wormholes are connections between two points that are normally separated in space and time.\n\nThey probably don't exist. If they do exist, there's almost certainly no way to go through them.",
"In short it is a tunnel through spacetime that connects 2 distant points. Imagine that the Universe is an apple and we live on the outside skin of it. Our entire reality exists on that skin, we can go in any direction and never reach the meat on the inside or the outside world. Those are in other dimensions. Now imagine that we managed to punch a hole through our spacetime (the skin) and all the way to the other side of the apple. What we have created is a wormhole which is a shortcut to a faraway place through spacetime itself. Otherwise we would have to travel all the way around the apple to get to a point on the other side. While wormholes as a concept are not impossible according to our current mathematics and understanding of physics, the likely hood that natural wormholes exist would be incredibly small. It is predicted that too much energy is required to break spacetime.",
"I want to know what happens if I try to use a wormhole, and touch the edge of it, or try to pass through one that's too small.",
"Wormholes are a science fiction plot device, no reason to believe they really exist."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
5v1vk4
|
why do some liquids sting when applied to a cut, but others don't?
|
For example, alcohol and lemon juice makes wounds sting, but water does not. Is it because a lower ph causes the stinging?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5v1vk4/eli5_why_do_some_liquids_sting_when_applied_to_a/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ddymahn"
],
"score": [
20
],
"text": [
"Nerves work via electric potentials. These are shifted by ion concentrations. Some liquids affect these ion concentration gradients. If something is strongly acidic, basic, or salty, it will activate the pain neurons that are exposed in a cut."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
31tkk3
|
why is there different standard test (lower) for women in military?
|
Is this an aknowledgment that strong women is very few in number? If so, what is the point of recruiting women? Not soldier regardless of gender? After all their job is killing enemy of the state.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/31tkk3/eli5_why_is_there_different_standard_test_lower/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cq4ttsc",
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"cq4xvq4",
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],
"score": [
7,
4,
2,
3,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Because physically the majority of women can't keep up with men.",
"The physical test in the military for nearly all of the military are an administrative thing, not a real \"you need to be ultra fit thing\". It's for appearances and health, NOT for \"fighting strength\". The people who do those sorta things have their own standards and rules in place.",
"There are a few tests that they give in each branch that have the same standard regardless of sex, and a lot of them result in almost no female trainees passing, in some cases, not a single female trainee makes it through those tests. So over all, rather then making the tests one hundred percent standardized regardless of sex, they change the threshold for women. Rather then having close to 100% wash-out rates by females when taking tests built for men, they make a different test that still challenges the female trainees to the same degree, but is within the same level of reason as the male tests.",
"This is all wrong....\n\n\nFirst thing is first. The physical fitness tests (the apft for example) is absolutely about fighting strength. The bare minimum standard is the least physically fit that the department of the army says you will need to be to perform in combat. That does not mean the person making all 60s will do exceptional in combat, it means that they did just well enough to be competent. I guarantee you a soldier that maxes out their apft is in outstanding fighting shape. \n\n\nThe reason the push up and run times are different has to do to with body composition. Men and women have different fat and muscle potential and make up. Fat is also distributed differently in the two. Push ups gauge the upper body strength which women are believed to have less potential and the 2 mile run is a gauge of over all body fitness, because running for extended periods is reliant on the entire body. Not just the legs. \n\nWhile these standards are in place, the experimentation of allowing women into front line units has been conducted with women having to take the same fitness tests as men. The attrition rate has been extremely high for the women but it's not the fitness test that seems to be doing it. It's the stress and over all transformation of the civilian mind into a mind fit for combat. The two are very very different. The results thus far are showing that the intense stress is what is breaking them. ",
"The majority of women aren't physically as strong or as fast as men, but there's plenty of jobs in the military other than being in the line of combat.",
"1. Women, on average, are a lot weaker than men. Very few women women would pass if they were held to the same standards as their male counterparts.\n\n2. Not all jobs in the military require physical strength. A large portion of the military is devoted to logistics, administration and supply and it doesn't matter how fit you are when you're sitting behind a desk emailing the boss about some forms that you sent in last Friday.\n\n3. There is a lot of pressure on from the government to increase the amount of women in the military. In Australia they're trying to double the amount of women in the Army. The reason given is that Army culture isn't diverse enough and more women are necessary to address this important imbalance. Take that however you want.\n\n4. Not every soldier is going to kill anyone. Not even half get a chance to. Thankfully, for the time being, combat jobs such as infantry, special forces, combat engineers etc are not lowering their entry standards or training. In the US Marines the only women to have completed Infantry training are the ones that performed at a similar level to males and personally I think that's exactly how it should be for combat roles. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
8ngb0o
|
how do chords and chord progressions really work?
|
I know how chords are made from a scale and how to make chord progressions roughly, but how do people actually use that knowledge to improvise on the spot and play different chords and melodies that sound really good together? I know in certain scales there are certain patterns of major minor augmented or diminished chords but it seems very technical and clinical to have to work it all out every time before you start composing. Do people just have certain chords and scales memorised or is there a way to come up with chord progressions spontaneously?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8ngb0o/eli5_how_do_chords_and_chord_progressions_really/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dzvbx9x",
"dzvsc8e"
],
"score": [
10,
7
],
"text": [
"Hi! This Music Education Major is gonna do his best!\n\nThere is in fact a standard chord progression and it is the same chords for minor and major keys, but the sonority of the chords do change depending on the key being major or minor.\n\nIt goes:\n(MAJOR KEY) iii - > vi - > ii - > V - > I\n (IV) (vii)\n(MINOR KEY) III - > VI - > ii°(1/2) - > V - > i\n (iv) (vii° or VII)\n\nThis is essentially the beginner's road map for music. Going to the upper levels of music you learn of things like secondary dominants, cadences, and other things that break this rule. Great musicians know these rules and the exceptions, they use this knowledge to navigate through their creative process.\n\nHope I gave a decent answer haha.\nP.S. the \"°\" stands for diminished, they are in Roman Numerals, they numbers in parenthesis are alternatives, and I (or 1) can lead to any chord.\nSorry for the long explanation.\n\nEdit: Reddit lays out the reply different while typing from the actual post.\n\nSo: the Roman Numerals in parenthesis are alternate chords for use, however they are specific. The (IV) chord is only an alternate for the (ii) chord and the (vii) correlates the same for the (V) chord. The way I intended was for (IV and vii) to be right under the proper chord in the actual post. Same applies for the minor key.\n\nEdit 2: Uppercase Roman Numeral=Major chord, Lowercase Roman Numeral=Minor chord",
"Let’s pretend that we have a little trio of planets: planet tonic (1), planet mediant (3), and planet dominant (5). Planet tonic is the biggest and has the most gravity, planet dominant is the smallest and has the least. Now we have four asteroids: supertonic (2), subdominant (4), submediant (6), and the leading tone (7). These asteroids will go to whatever planet is closest: 2 and 7 will go to 1, 4 will go to 3, and 6 will go to 5. These asteroids can come in varieties too such as being sharp or flat which will make it farther or closer to the planets and will be pulled less or more strongly. This behavior is referred to as tendency tones.\n\nMost of Western music is resolving a dominant chord (V) to a tonic chord (I or i). The dominant chord is mostly made of asteroids, the tonic chord is our planets. So let’s say we have a V7 chord; it’s scale degrees are: 5, 7, 2, and 4; and the I (or i) chord is: 1, 3, and 5. The 5 is already on a planet (but hey, maybe they’ll launch from planet dominant to planet tonic) so it’ll stay there, the 7 and 2 will go to 1, and the 4 to 3.\n\nSome other posts show chord progressions, but what you’ll notice about them is that they’re almost always fifth relationships, that is to say that the dominant chord (V) is a fifth away from tonic chord (I or i), just as the supertonic chord (ii or iio) is a fifth away from the dominant chord, the submediant (vi or VI) is a fifth away from the supertonic, etc. So really what this means is that each time we go from one chord to the next, our asteroids go to the planets that are the next chord, they just might sound a little different because of chord quality (major, minor, diminished, augmented).\n\nSo let’s pretend now that we are in the C major solar system for shiggles and our chord progression is Am (vi), Dm (ii), G7 (V7), and C (I).\nOur asteroids for Am (A, C, E) need to get to the planets for Dm (D, F, A); so A stays there, C goes to D, and E goes to F. Now after that asteroid collision we got Dm (D, F, A) asteroids going to G7 (G, B, D, F) planets; so D and F are already on their planets, but the A asteroid splits into both G and B. Finally, out G7 asteroids go into our tonic planets: G stays, B and D go to C, and F goes to E.\n\nChord progression flow together from years of built expectations created by tendency tones. These are just tendencies, they’re not absolute rules, but it’s the details in the music grammar practices over the years that give us a sense of harmonic progression. Hope this explanation was helpful!"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
7pzhmu
|
why does the fuel indicator go down faster at lower fuel?
|
Well exactly that, it feels that when I just fill up the car, that I can drive for quite a distance before losing a bar on the digital fuel indicator, but as there are less bars, the bars disappear quicker the lower fuel the car has.
Thanks in advance
Edit 1: I also thought that it was because it wasn't as important to know when you're full as opposed to empty, glad it wasn't just a silly thought. Thanks for all the replies so far
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/7pzhmu/eli5_why_does_the_fuel_indicator_go_down_faster/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dsl7gfw",
"dsl84fl",
"dsl8mia",
"dsl8poc",
"dslb2rw"
],
"score": [
4,
8,
3,
2,
12
],
"text": [
"Gas gauges are not exactly linear, meaning 3/4 on the meter does not indicate 3/4 fuel remaining in the tank. I have read multiple conflicting explanations about why, but that's that.",
"because car manufacturers have done lots of consumer testing and drivers feel better about their car when the fuel guage shows more than half full. \n\nthe gauge is not meant to an accurate representation of the actual percentage of the amount of the fuel in the tank. the only marks on the poorly inaccurate gauge are \"full\" (or near overfull), 3/4, 1/2, 1/4, empty (near empty) and warning light for really low. ",
"I have noticed this and tested it by filling up when the gauge says 3/4, 1/2, and 1/4. Plus we all know that the gauge will stay on FULL for quite some time after filling up. The fractional gauge analog is simply not linear. I believe that is by design. Who cares what the fuel level is between FULL and 1/2? You need more warning as the tank gets closer to empty. If they made the scale non-linear (and thus accurate) people would get confused because 1/2 would not be halfway on the scale. Digital gauges in \"trip computers\" which track gas used while driving are linear. ",
"Many reasons. Here are a few: \n\n1. Because the fuel gauge dial represents the more middle section of the tank. Say a tank can hold 60 litres, the gauge will represent full when its at 56 litres and will represent the end when there may still be 5 litres left, the light will come on at 10 litres maybe.\n\n2. Fuel gauges are often designed to reaxt slowly to show a more representative average, so if you drive up a hill and less fuel hit the part of the sensor that represents the top of the tank, you will see low fuel for some time before it starts leveling off with the more accurate average.\n\n3. I'd hazard a guess and say it's partly psychological too. I used to think that when the dial goes down over the hump towards quarter and empty, gravity would pull the needle down.\n\nWhat it isn't though is the shape of the tank. It won't go down faster because the tank is narrower at the bottom. The dial will be normalised to show a linear representation in line with what the numbers on the fuel gauge dial represent for each bar.",
"Most fuel tanks are somewhat \"bowl shaped\" and hold less volume at the bottom, making it appear to empty faster. Source: im an auto tech."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
377nmc
|
why am i paying for a september 11th fee on my flights? what is this fee for?
|
I just booked my flights to L.A. for E3 2015 and noticed that there is a September 11th fee for $10... What is this fee used for and why am I being charged for it?
I understand that September 11th was a significant tragedy, however 14 years later and I'm getting charged?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/377nmc/eli5_why_am_i_paying_for_a_september_11th_fee_on/
|
{
"a_id": [
"crkc6sl"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"The FAA is a federal agency charged with (in part) security at airports. That security increased dramatically after 9/11. You're in part paying for that security increase, which isn't free."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
b12tjp
|
how a plane with both engines which are completely destroyed can still fly and change direction on the sky?
|
# I've just watched Sully film, and I don't know why the plane with two engines broken can still move on the sky, and can even return back to the airport ?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/b12tjp/eli5_how_a_plane_with_both_engines_which_are/
|
{
"a_id": [
"eiitv9g",
"eiiu0vn",
"eiiuae2",
"eiiuu68"
],
"score": [
3,
8,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"It can still glide. Like a glider. Because it has wings.",
"Contrary to what Hollywood would show you, planes don't just fall out of the sky when their engines stop working. Instead, they turn into gliders, which can travel for long distances as long as they're okay with slowly descending towards the ground. If the plane was high up in the air, and traveling at cruising speed, it can fall gracefully for many many miles before it reaches the ground.\n\nSteering an aircraft is all about the air flowing over the flaps on the wings and tail of the aircraft. When the pilot steers, those flaps change their angle to move the aircraft, no engines needed.",
"Engines move the plane forward. \"flight\" is actually controlled by the wings. A plane with no engines is really just a large glider. It has a lot of momentum since it was moving forward quite quickly at the time the engines died. \n\nThink of a car. If the engine dies the car can still move forward, coasting. If it was going fast enough when the engine died it can even coast quite a large distance. \n\nPlanes are the same. Air is moving over the wings and that's preventing the plane from dropping like a stone. It'll still lose altitude but it has the ability to move and turn and can cover quite a large distance just coasting. ",
"As long as there is enough airspeed over the wing, the aircraft will continue to fly. When the speed drops too low, drag overcomes lift, and the wing “stalls” meaning it no longer provides lift and the aircraft will fall from the sky.\n\nHowever, aircraft require enough airspeed over the wings and control surfaces, such as ailerons on the wings, the rudder, and elevator. Without enough air flowing over these surfaces, control becomes difficult or is not possible.\n\nEngines provide thrust, that is they push/pull the aircraft through the air, thereby attaining airspeed.\n\nLosing engines (power) soon after takeoff is one of the most dangerous situations in aviation because the aircraft is at a steep angle of attack and closer to the stall speed. Pilots train for this scenario because it is one of the most deadly.\n\nTurning back to the airport can be extremely dangerous because when the aircraft turns and is without power, the speed at which the wing will stall increases. If one wing stalls and the other does not, the aircraft will spin, and being so close to the ground there is not enough altitude to recover. Hence the phrase: Stall, spin, die.\n\nAlways do your checklist."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
1dqyoh
|
why do things like 'gangnam style' and 'harlem shake' become popular (for a short period of time)?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1dqyoh/eli5_why_do_things_like_gangnam_style_and_harlem/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c9szrlj",
"c9t214m",
"c9ta5rr",
"c9tdmrb"
],
"score": [
12,
5,
5,
3
],
"text": [
"Pretty much explains it all \n_URL_0_\n",
"It's called a \"fad\". Somebody sees something sort of interesting and tells their friends about it. Those people tell their friends and exposure grows rapidly.\n\nSince it's not really interesting enough to keep anyone's interest, it quickly dies out after everyone's seen it a few times.",
"I remember being in 10th grade, and my friend wanted to buy a Backstreet Boys CD, but he was too embarrassed to face the cashier. This was in 1998. He begged me to buy it for him, and I eventually agreed only if he could explain why he wanted to listen to such awful music. I was quite the music snob then (and still am, but i lecture people less).\n\nAnyways, his response was that he needed to listen to BSB because he was afraid he was missing out on something. Like everyone who was listening to boy bands were all having some party somewhere, and he was getting left out. \n\nI guess what I am saying is, about 30-40% of the attention comes from people just wanting to know why the other people are listening.",
"Catchy music with dance music are almost guaranteed. Look at the macarena. But it's not like it has any lasting power, so it's skyrocket and then plummet. After you see it the first time, it gets progressively more boring. There's nothing there to keep you watching."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://www.ted.com/talks/kevin_allocca_why_videos_go_viral.html"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
51gob4
|
the 2009 stimulus package
|
In Economics right now, and I've searched the sub only to find insufficient answers. What was it? Did it actually do anything for jobs? How did it affect the job market, if at all?
Btw, these questions are my questions, not questions posed by the instructor. We're just talking about it and I feel like I don't understand it as well as I ought to.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/51gob4/eli5_the_2009_stimulus_package/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d7bt9v6"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"i think you're talking about the 2008 Economic Stimulus Act. \n\nBasically, the US was heading for a recession. On advice from the Federal Reserve Chairman (Ben Bernanke), the government passed a series of measures that they hoped would stimulate the economy. Suspecting that a housing bubble has formed and was about to burst (which proved true in the coming months), they increased limits for government insurances on home loans. Tax rebates were issued to low and middle income workers. \n\nThe hope was that consumers would spend the tax rebates to stimulate growth and that the mortgage limit increase would slow the decline in house prices, which had already started at this point, which had started to lead to credit problems and increased interest rates for mortgages.\n\nAs for how well it did...that partially depends on how you spin it. On the one hand, we did still spiral into a housing crisis and the credit crunch did end up getting worse despite the stimulus package. However, [some have argued that it would've been worse](_URL_0_) without the stimulus act, at least to some extent."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"http://voxeu.org/article/did-2008-us-tax-rebates-work"
]
] |
|
1hes6y
|
how do electronic remotes for car locks and garage doors only work on the specified device?
|
I walk though a parking garage clicking my remote in hopes it works on a nicer car than mine. :/
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1hes6y/how_do_electronic_remotes_for_car_locks_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"catqs7c"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"It's the same reason Universal remotes have to be \"calibrated\" to your TV: When you click the key fob, it's sending out a specific code into the air, that will only activate a specific receiver that's looking for that specific code. You could think of it like the nubs on a physical key.\n\nFun fact: In the 60's, when remote-operated garage openers were first becoming a \"thing,\" they WERE all open-able by any transmitter. My dad and his friends would run around the neighborhood opening people's garage doors."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1ukcmt
|
when you mistype a website, what are those generic websites that come up?
|
Who designs those? Why do they exist? Why do they all look the same? Do people actually visit them on purpose?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ukcmt/eli5_when_you_mistype_a_website_what_are_those/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ceiy8z2"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Most often they are basically spam sites that sell ad space. People still view the ads like they would in a legitimate site, even if they didn't intend to go to that particular site, so they have some degree of value. They are generally poorly designed and fairly basic because they make no attempt to attract visitors via the content of the page."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
5yb3as
|
how does a self-sustaining fusion reaction begin in stars?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5yb3as/eli5_how_does_a_selfsustaining_fusion_reaction/
|
{
"a_id": [
"deom3t5",
"deomsdj"
],
"score": [
2,
3
],
"text": [
"Stars start out in clouds of hydrogen gas. Something perturbs it a little, and part becomes a little more dense. More density means more gravity, which attracts more hydrogen, making it even more dense. Eventually you have this big ball of hydrogen where the atoms in the center are getting pressed together. This pressure builds and builds, until individual protons are being smashed together, resulting in fusion.",
"Clouds of gas [congregate](_URL_0_) and condense. Then hydrogen atoms get [Lucky.](_URL_1_) As the energy increases, the probability of fusion increases, and a star is born. \n\nHmm now that I think about it, congregation and luck seem to be how most births happen...."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_formation",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling"
]
] |
||
2d1djk
|
how did the us managed to get switzerland's banks on their knees with the tax evasion scandal and destroy their bank secrecy policies?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2d1djk/eli5how_did_the_us_managed_to_get_switzerlands/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cjl4xtn"
],
"score": [
4
],
"text": [
"The US has a lot more leverage over Switzerland than you might think. The US put Swiss banks in a position where they decided to go along with US policies. Swiss banks make a lot of profit by being allowed to do business in the US, and if the US gov threatens to block them from being part of the US economy, they would lose a lot of money. The Swiss banks decided that it was in their favor to sell out their customers so that they could continue their banking operations in the US. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
2iqzv3
|
why is a cover band allowed play gigs and make money, but if they upload those same songs to youtube and try to monetize them they are breaking copyright laws?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2iqzv3/eli5_why_is_a_cover_band_allowed_play_gigs_and/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cl4mhko",
"cl4ny3m",
"cl4oy40",
"cl4r96c",
"cl4su0o"
],
"score": [
6,
4,
79,
3,
6
],
"text": [
"Technically, from my understanding, Cover Bands are supposed to pay royalties to either ASCAP or BMI for performing songs live. So they likewise have to pay when making recordings, if the licensee even gives them permission to sell the recording.",
"There are many rights involved in a copyright. Playing gigs comes under the banner of \"public performance\" of a copyrighted work. Generally speaking, the venue buys a license from ASCAP/BMI to give bands that play there the right to publicly perform songs that ASCAP/BMI license. \n\nMaking youtube videos or CDs is a different right (the right to distribute), which the cover band did not purchase the rights to do.",
"A cover band is not allowed to make recordings of cover songs or even perform them live without paying licensing fees to the original copyright holder. However, in the case of live performance, it's the venue who will pay the fees through a [performance rights organization](_URL_1_). So if the band is performing at a venue that does its job, then they don't have to worry about the licensing issues.\n\nFor recordings (or youtube), they need to pay a [standard licensing fee](_URL_0_). The copyright holder of the original song can't demand a bigger fee or forbid the use of their song outright, they have to accept the standard licensing fee.",
"Technically an artist should be allowed to post covers on Youtube and monetize them if they bought a mechanical license. Every song has two sides when it comes to royalties. There is a publishing side and a master side. Publishing refers to who wrote the song and the master is the actual recording of the song itself. So in the case of a cover being posted on Youtube an artist owns the master, and they just need to pay mechanical royalties to settle up with the publishing company who collects on the behalf of the writer of the song. For whatever reason Youtube still comes in and claims their covers, and the cover artist really can't do much about it. The only way around getting a nonsensical claim is having a third party record label (that you make up or sign to) come in and claim your covers for you so that Youtube can't. ",
"Venues are supposed to pay license fees to Performance Rights Orgs (PROs) who then distribute the fees to their songwriter members. A video on Youtube is a performance of a work. In most cases it is illegal to monetize the performance of a work without permission. Some highly viewed YouTube channels have legal agreements with the copyright holders to share in the monetization which benefits all parties.\n\nMOST cover bands who make YouTube videos use the video (not monetized) to sell their recordings on iTunes. For which they pay a government regulated mechanical use license fee per song sold. So they're not selling the video \"performance\" of the work. But using it to sell a \"physical\" recorded product."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_version#U.S._copyright_law",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_rights_organisation"
],
[],
[]
] |
||
2s4nqv
|
why don't television networks put whole shows on youtube (with advertisements)?
|
I guess my question has something to do with advertising. Or with some deal that locks them into HULU.
I am assuming that it's possible their advertisers don't want their expensive HD commercials downgraded to youtube quality (ie: anywhere from 720p to 640x480 or worse)... or don't believe web advertising to be as effective for them. But they seem crazy because they are really missing out on a sea change thats happening.
It seems people who are very comfortable with technology and the internet (which is at least 50% of all age groups) are doing streaming now with either computer as a TV replacement or set-top boxes like roku / appletv / kindle fire tv, and so they are demanding a more pay-per-view, a la carte model for their content consumption. This is why itunes and amazon video on demand, hulu, netflix, etc are so successful. They basically say they aren't going to be a slave to time slots and advertisement that are increasingly denigrating to the human sense of self worth.
Clearly it has to do with money, and youtube isn't as much as them continuing to do the same old thing. It cannot be laziness but sheer resistance to change because of money. Otherwise, they'd do both traditional and web. It's not like you can advertise on TV *or* newspaper. I don't understand why all major networks are not putting 100% of their shows on youtube.
I *do* know that some networks have shows online but they are very bad at it. Examples include _URL_0_, whose ads mess up a lot and go black, and then you have to start the show over again and try to jump thru to where you were but you end up either rewatching the same commercials or it messes up again. NBC, CBS last I checked had limited shows and their player / technical competence was very low as well. Why don't they just put it on youtube?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2s4nqv/eli5_why_dont_television_networks_put_whole_shows/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cnm5p97"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It's not about the effectiveness of Youtube advertising so much as the cost. Advertising revenues from television pay out much, much better than they do for Youtube.\n\nBy keeping shows off Youtube, they can try to drive viewers to watch those shows on television, boosting their ratings (and therefore total revenue)."
]
}
|
[] |
[
"comedycentral.com"
] |
[
[]
] |
|
1pxtax
|
what were the fundamentals behind taking the usa off the gold reserve?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1pxtax/eli5_what_were_the_fundamentals_behind_taking_the/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cd7610k"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Under a gold-backed currency, you can only print as much money as the government owns gold. This effectively caps the absolute number of dollars that can be printed and drives up costs.\n\nOne way to look at the up-side of a fiat currency is the debt limit debate: It doesn't really matter how many trillions of dollars the national debt is, so long as it's only some percentage of the national GDP (and the debt:GDP ratio has been worse before, such as during the 40s and 50s). As long as you can keep growing the economy to keep debt:GDP ratio low, the absolute size of the national debt can be trivialized - but such a model only works if there's no limit on how many dollars can be printed (and if you get the agreement of every country and financial institution in the world that THIS is the current value of the dollar)"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1ndjdi
|
how come i eat a lot yet i'm skinny and don't do much exercises? what exactly is metabolism?
|
I'm probably the most unhealthy person. My friends keep telling me my "metabolism" is good yet I sleep at 2am, wake up at 12-1pm have lunch then go back to sleep then wake up at 7pm.
Probably not the right subreddit to ask, but I'm curious.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1ndjdi/eli5how_come_i_eat_a_lot_yet_im_skinny_and_dont/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cchl4rv"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"A young man needs around 2,000+ calories a day. That's actually quite a bit of food. It's possible you're not eating as much as you think you are. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
1lyrfq
|
what does the web server apache do, and why is it so darn popular?
|
(Is web server even the correct name?)
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1lyrfq/what_does_the_web_server_apache_do_and_why_is_it/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cc45bkr"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"It serves web pages. When you tell your browser to go to _URL_0_, it sends off a request to Reddit's computers; those computers are running a web server like Apache, which puts together the HTML file and send it back.\n\nApache is one of perhaps four web servers that have large market share.\n\n* **Apache** is the most widely used; it's powerful and versatile for lots of applications.\n\n* **Nginx** is also very popular and growing quickly; it's slightly less versatile, but much more resource-efficient for the tasks it's good at, which is important when you're running a website that gets millions of requests a day.\n\n* **Lighttpd** is even smaller and more efficient than Nginx, and is used in some specialized settings.\n\n* **Microsoft IIS** is a joke."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"www.reddit.com"
]
] |
|
suk3i
|
wikileaks
|
I'm really just trying to clarify what is it, how it functions, is it beneficial and what it's current legal situation is?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/suk3i/eli5_wikileaks/
|
{
"a_id": [
"c4h5asv"
],
"score": [
9
],
"text": [
"Wikileaks is a company which publishes secret information that people send them. Such information might include emails, or \"cables\" which is basically just a formal kind of email between countries.\n\nThe people who send them this information are called \"whistleblowers\". That is someone who wishes to reveal that his employer is doing something illegal or immoral. Often that person's employer is a government.\n\nPeople who submit this information to wikileaks do so because they feel a moral obligation to do so, or because they wish to effect change in the world by revealing such information. Some of these informants have been imprisoned indefinitely for doing so, because governments get upset when their secrets are revealed.\n\nThe founder of Wikileaks, Julian Assange, could be called a political dissident - that is, someone who challenges established institutions.\n\nWhat is beneficial about Wikileaks is that they give us information about our world that we would not otherwise know. This is called transparency, and it is essential to democracy because without it the people do not know what their politicians are actually doing.\n\nWikileaks current legal situation is that its founder, Julian Assange, has been charged with two counts of rape in Sweden, and is now being held under house arrest in the UK. Rape usually is where you hold a girl down and put your wiener in her pee-pee even if she doesn't like it, except in Sweden it's a little more complicated because sometimes she can still say you raped her even if she said it was OK.\n\nSome believe he was framed for these charges so that powerful people could lock him down and keep tabs on him. He is trying to stay in the UK because he fears extradition to the US via Sweden.\n\nIn the mean time Wikileaks continues to operate. They just announced a new show hosted on the RT network and they continue to accept leaks from anyone."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2wr7xq
|
how do they translate made up words when translating something like lord of the rings into a language with a writing system like chinese or japanese?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2wr7xq/eli5_how_do_they_translate_made_up_words_when/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cotdgjj",
"cotfequ",
"cotfqke"
],
"score": [
12,
9,
5
],
"text": [
"Not sure about Chinese, but in Japanese it would be translated as faithfully as possible phonetically, since Japanese also has a syllabic/phonetic writing system (kana) in addition to kanji (which is what you're thinking of).",
"This was asked recently on /r/linguistics (well, someone asked how foreign words are written out in Chinese, but still). \n\nBasically, the translator can either try to convey sound or meaning. If they convey meaning, they just make up an equivalent expression in Chinese. If they choose to convey sound, they write out the word using Chinese symbols such that the symbols are pronounced they same as the word when read aloud. \n\nOf course, because each symbol is actually its own word, you *could* interpret such a translation as a long string of nonsense. However, Chinese speakers will understand what you're trying to do and ignore the meanings of the symbols. ",
"It depends on the translator.\n\nA quick review of movie dub clips says the Japanese translation of the LotR movies is phonetic, just kept faithful. But there are specialized translators of texts like Alice in Wonderland, say, who actually invent nonsense words in their target languages that \"feel right\" to a native speaker. The written Japanese translation of The Jabberwock is a masterwork in this field.\n\nIt looks like the Chinese translator for LotR is a singularly awesome fantasy nerd by the name of Lucifer Chu (really) who spent all the royalties from his translation on promoting open education. I don't have a copy, but I bet you money he invented some pretty cool-sounding gibberish rather than go to great pains to make it \"accurate\" to the English version. The latter option is always painful to read."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
70gysx
|
what happens to the excess money from fundraisers if a cure/solution is found for the issue?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/70gysx/eli5_what_happens_to_the_excess_money_from/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dn31tz2",
"dn34nea"
],
"score": [
2,
2
],
"text": [
"- Not every solution is perfect. Even if a problem can be cured, that doesn't mean we can't improve on the cure (for example, find ways to eliminate side-effects) or find cures that work for people who are allergic to the first cure.\n\n- People might not be able to afford the cure / solution, so the excess money can be used to help make the cure available.\n\n- Having a cure is great, but most cures work best if they are used in an early stage. Or, at the very least, that shortens the period people have to deal with that disease. So money can go into helping people understand the disease, making people aware of what symptoms there are, how to test for them, how / when to ask your doctor to test you for this particular disease.\n\n- Money can now go into the prevention of the disease. Having a cure is nice, but if people could not get the disease in the first place, that would be even better. ",
"If there's actually a total cure for the problem at issue, then the charity generally finds something related to spend the money on. For example, the March of Dimes was founded as a charity for children with polio. The polio vaccine (which they helped fund) completely solved the problem of polio in the developed world, which left them without a purpose. As a result, they expanded their mission to preventing infant mortality in general, and now work on preventing premature births (which is one of the leading causes of infant mortality worldwide)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
||
26h7fa
|
after closing one eye for a bit, that eye sees the world in blue and the other sees it in red?
|
I've heard about pirates using eyepatches for night vision, seeing in B & W in the dark, etc. But sometimes after closing one eye for a while this happens. Why?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26h7fa/eli5_after_closing_one_eye_for_a_bit_that_eye/
|
{
"a_id": [
"chr0q2t"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"You're wearing 3d glasses?\n\nTake them off."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
|
2g8u4g
|
what happens to that little thing that i cannot find in my eye but irritates it and then goes away?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2g8u4g/eli5_what_happens_to_that_little_thing_that_i/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ckgs3td"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"your tear ducts are constantly working, and managed to encase the object in tears and expel it out from your eye surface"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
1pvago
|
why is it impossible to achieve total game balance in rpgs/mmorpgs games in general?
|
Like, i'm talking about that in a game there's always gonna be that one Overpowered item in the game.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1pvago/eli5_why_is_it_impossible_to_achieve_total_game/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cd6f005",
"cd6h8za",
"cd6k0m8"
],
"score": [
6,
2,
2
],
"text": [
"Imagine that you are playing tag in the playground. Johnny and his friends all play tag together, The school has just released a whole new set of equipment for the playground and this included a whole set of shoes!\n\nNow to start with everyone just wears the things that are most fun. But Johnny figures out that the red shoes are actually 2% faster than any of the other shoes!\n\nJohnny is actually very good at Tag and plays a lot of tag after school as well so uses these shoes all the time. All the other players that were good at tag are now not as good as Johnny because of his shoes. So they all buy the red shoes until over 50% of people are wearing the red shoes!\n\nNow Billy, who only sometimes plays tag and isn't as good as everyone else, but he doesn't mind, because he has fun. But now, most times he gets tagged it is by someone wearing red shoes! Johnny begins to think that it isnt fair and he should buy some red shoes as well and is upset every time he gets caught.\n\nIn his mind, the red shoes are totally over powered because he only ever gets caught by people in red shoes, but in reality they are only 2% better, just everyone has adopted them!\n\nBasically: There will always be one item that is the best. And people that are trying to be #1 will always use that item. Even if it was 0.001% better, it would still be used!",
"Simply put, there are too many variables and there are few equivalences among classes.\n\nLets talk WoW.\n\nWe'll take a relatively simple relationship: Fear vs Sheep. Both of these are supposed to be a long duration hard CC, but which one is better? Sheep effectively roots a hero and is really easy to control, and also offers some tech against certain skills like spell reflection, while Fear doesn't function quite the same, but has some damage tolerance. A frost mage getting interrupted out of Sheep really isn't the end of the world, since you still have access to all that is the Frost school, but a Warlock getting knocked out of the Shadow school is a pretty big bummer, almost regardless of spec.\n\nA really long story short, Fear is a better spell for a Warlock and Sheep is a better spell for a Mage. It's a kind of spell that's sensitive to the context of the class (and it's part of what makes WoW brilliant). It's hard to give each spell a power value as a result. You can't say, 'Fear has a Power Rating of 8.5 and Sheep has a Power Rating of 7, therefore, we need to give Mages another 1.5 Power to compensate.\n\nSo what happens is that instead of balancing the game from the bottom up with careful planning, spreadsheets and testing, the game is balanced from the top down. System Designers get to observe what is happening in the actual game and make decisions based on player choices, trends and what seems to actually work. You do this because the game is simply too complex to put on paper.\n\nSure, you can control for itemization and all that jazz, but at the end of the day, you can manufacture a team and scenario where some class or some ability is *the best one*.\n\nThat is the both the problem and beauty of games like WoW.\n\nA lot of people like to cite the Extra Credit's Video: Perfect Imbalance. But it's dead wrong on this one. Now, I love this series, I love their videos and I love the people behind it, but they are so very, very wrong about this.\n\nThe video suggests that if designers wanted to, they could balance their games perfectly but choose not to in the name of a shifting meta, and while this is true for simple games, as you dive deeper and deeper into the complexities of modern games, it becomes less and less realistic. WoW is incredibly complicated. Starcraft is incredibly complicated. You can't truly balance these games, because you are stuck doing it from the Top-Down perspective.\n\nLook at the Beta phase of Starcraft II. It was 3 years long. It was that long largely for balance reasons. Blizzard handed out copies of the beta to high level players and said, 'Play our game and tell us what sucks', and they did, and it worked really well, but it was really expensive. Make no mistake, if Blizzard could have sat down and just balanced the game on paper instead of having to invest 3 years and untold amounts of cash to do it, they would have, but they can't and they know that, which is why the beta and feedback system was necessary.\n\nBrood War might have gotten as close as we'll see any game of it's complexity come to 'Perfect Balance' with 1.08, but even that game falls victim to complaints from higher level players. What you see instead in BW is that win rates start to become attached to maps. Whether or not that's more or less desirable is up for debate, but it is a symptom of some kind of imbalance.\n\nDesigners don't tweak their games to have some imbalances in them. Instead, they are stuck with a product that can never be balanced in the first place. In the same way that you can never turn an Apple into an Orange, you'll never make a Warlock equal to a Mage. Games that try to do that are actually quite boring, but good developers embrace that and you end up with beautiful complexity that is available in no other medium.",
"There is actually a very simple answer to this question. This \"balance\" you speak of depends on a tremendous amount of variables. The more complex the game the more variables the less likely it is to be balanced.\n\nIn the early days games did not have as many different aspects because the programming was a lot simpler. It was a lot easier to \"balance\" because you were only balancing a handful of items.\n\nNowadays with the growth in technology most video games have a gigantic amount of \"hidden attributes\" and \"AI decisions\" that you are not even aware of. For this reason they are extremely hard to \"balance\".\n\nSo in short, it is very hard to achieve and it is only going to get harder as time goes along. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
3ehpcq
|
what happens to your body when you get winded?
|
Just saw a video of a guy falling down and getting winded. What's going on that causes the inability to breathe?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3ehpcq/eli5_what_happens_to_your_body_when_you_get_winded/
|
{
"a_id": [
"ctf2ls9",
"ctf2m5x"
],
"score": [
9,
24
],
"text": [
"Your diaphragm is what's causing the issue in cases like this. Getting hit hard enough causes the muscle to spasm, which prevents breathing from being possible. The diaphragm is the muscle that you use when you breath, as it decreases pressure in your lungs that pulls in air. When the diaphragm can't move, you can't breath.",
"You know how walking uphill is harder than walking downhill? Or, how it's more difficult to stretch a spring, and it snaps back to place on its own? For the same reasons, inhaling is more difficult than exhaling. Not so difficult that it requires a lot of effort, but a part of the equation is that empty lungs is your breathing cycles neutral mode.\n\nThe larger part of the equation is you need to understand what happens when you hold your breath. You know the burning feeling that is telling you to breathe? It's not as much that your body is oxygen-starved, but that it is desperate to expel the carbon dioxide accumulating in your lungs.\n\nPeople get winded because a sudden jolt to the body empties the lungs very quickly. It's a spooky feeling because you stop breathing, but you don't feel like you are suffocating (no oxygen in your lungs means that carbon dioxide isn't building-up). To begin the breathing cycle again, you need to inhale forcefully because your diaphram (the muscles that make your lungs inflate and deflate) is quite content to sit empty. Your normal inhale isn't enough. A person recognizes they aren't breathing, get alarmed, and it's only when they gasp, or start to panic and suck-in hard, that the cycles starts again. It's confusing and jarring."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
perhv
|
freedom of speech (in the us), as outlined in the constitution.
|
I know people go around stating "I can say what I want, I have First Amendment rights." But I'm pretty sure that is not really true, besides the obvious (can't yell fire in theater) examples. What is truly protected speech in the US?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/perhv/eli5_freedom_of_speech_in_the_us_as_outlined_in/
|
{
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"c3otbez",
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],
"score": [
3,
2
],
"text": [
"There are three kinds of speech that aren't necessarily protected. If you're causing direct harm, telling people to commit crimes *soon* (\"we should have a revolution eventually\" is protected speech, even though a revolution involves crimes), or maliciously spreading false things about people, the government is permitted to stop you. Obscene or \"dirty\" speech is kinda protected, but there are allowed to be reasonable restrictions on when and where you say it.\n\nOther than that, yeah, everything is basically protected speech. The thing is, other people are *also* free to tell you you're being stupid, and if they own a store or website or something they can kick you out.",
"Within broad limits, the government can't stop you from saying anything you want, as long as it doesn't cause a fight or risk someone else's safety. The government can limit the time, place, and manner in which you speak, though, based on those ideas. \n\nSo, for instance, it can make laws that forbid you from saying certain things. But those laws have to intrude as little as possible on your right to say them while still making sure they do what the government needs them to do. \n\nAgain with very broad limits, freedom of speech does not stop other people from preventing you from speaking. For the most part, if someone other than the government tells you to stop saying something, you have to decide whether you want whatever they're offering you enough to stop saying it. Otherwise they don't have to be your friend anymore.\n\nCourts decide whether the limits are okay."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[]
] |
|
3xczii
|
how is it that the same 5-10 companies seem to sponsor every podcast i listen to?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3xczii/eli5_how_is_it_that_the_same_510_companies_seem/
|
{
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"text": [
"Maybe you fit a demographic?\nOr they actually sponsor the website where you get the podcasts?",
"The ads are certainly less expensive for podcasts, so that's part of it. The reason you hear most of the same companies is because you're most likely listening to a lot of the same type of content (e.g. Gaming commercials on podcasts about Gaming, Investment commercials on podcasts about Economics, etc.). There are also some companies (like mail chimp), that know that people who listen to podcasts on a regular basis- regardless of the type of content, are more likely to need/use their products. ",
"I heard this on a podcast but don't really have the source. TV ads have impressions in the millions where podcasts have impressions in the tens/hundreds of thousands. Maybe sponsoring any one podcast doesn't have the number of people they want to see that ad campaign but to sponsor a whole bunch of podcasts and you will. ",
"I always hear ads from:\n-Backblaze\n-Harry's\n-Fracture\n-Casper\n-Automatic\n\n\nI think because they will sponsor an entire network of podcasts, such as _URL_0_, and so all the shows get the add. Yet, I know of 3 other podcasts not part of relay that also get them.",
"Because a lot of the \"sponsors\" you hear, are just affiliate programs anyone can sign up for. They didn't actively seek to advertise on that podcast - it was just super easy to sound sponsored by putting up your own landing page and talking about them as a sponsor.",
"There's a couple reasons. One would be demographics, for example, lootbox will advertise on most if not all nerd/enthusiast podcasts. If you listen to something like the Nerdist, then you also probably listen to other shows like Still Untitled or whatever. \n\nAnother reason is that, at least in traditional advertising, bigger fish go after bigger markets. As far as I can tell Lootcrate and Warby Parker and that fucking mattress company are all featured on pretty popular podcasts because they are willing to pay more. Chances are you listen to popular podcasts so those shows feature advertisers who buy time on popular shows. There are other sponsor companies you probably haven't heard before, like Kickapoo Joy Juice, because they don't have the cash to buy time on super popular shows. \n\nSo it's a kind of cross pollination between demographics and money that result in you hearing ads for the same handful of companies. ",
"I don't know about podcasts specifically, but I work in terrestrial radio, and a lot of services we use are paid for through a barter system. \n\nBasically, we get to use sound effects, production music, voice talent, etc. and the company that provides it has us play their sponsors' commercials for X amount of minutes a day.\n\nFor instance, I can download a music track to play behind my intro, and I pay for it by playing a KFC commercial.\n\nPerhaps these podcasts are utilizing similar services. ",
"I listen to 38 podcasts weekly and have never heard an ad for mailchimp. I have logged about 3000 hours in 3yrs",
"Well for what it's worth, I listen to about 5 or 6 different podcasts and I've never heard of Mailchimp. So it may be your demographic. ",
" Hey guys real quick sidenote: This Reddit post is being sponsored by Square Space and bandwidth is being provided by CacheFly....at cache...fly.....dot com. ",
"Do you hate going to the post office?",
"I listen to a lot of similar podcasts as you do and there's a point I haven't seen made. \n\nHow many podcasts that you listen to are from NPR? How many from KCRW? Ear Wolf (the most skipped production ID in all of podcasting, if I had to guess, hasn't the wolf died enough)? BBC?\n\nI'd say that, like most people, if you're looking for similar content consistently, that you're probably only listening to a handful of parent networks which share advertisers and collaborate on advertising contracts in order to entice bigger sponsors and more ad revenue overall.",
"Anyone else wearing MeUndies? Snug in all the right places.",
"Here's one trend you may or may not have noticed. A lot of these advertisers are other web sites. Sites that perform some sort of service or sell a product that you sign up for or buy on the web. Not products that you buy at the store.\n\nWhere are you listening to these podcasts? Probably either on your phone or at a computer on the web or through whatever podcatching program you use. The point being that you're currently using a device capable of directly going to the web site that they are advertising.\n\nContrast that with, say, a Lysol commercial. Obstacle 1 is actually getting you to the place where you would normally buy a Lysol product (the store). Obstacle 2 is convincing you to actually buy it. Most of the advertisers on podcasts have streamlined conquering obstacle 1, because it takes five seconds to open up a new tab and go to the web site they're advertising to find more information. Combine that with demographic targeting, and I imagine it's relatively effective. Combine that with specialized promo codes for each show and enthusiastic listener communities who want to help the show stay afloat financially, and we're talking about pretty good engagement.",
"Podcasts are unappealing to most advertisers, because it's very difficult to get accurate listener numbers for podcasts. The podcasters only know how many people subscribe. They don't know how many of those subscribers actually listen or how long they listen for.\n\nMost companies who advertise on podcasts sell a subscription product, which makes podcast advertising uniquely suited to them. They can track where their customers came from by offering a unique discount code on each podcast, so they know whether they're getting value for money. These companies are used to paying for advertising based on results rather than traditional metrics like audience numbers and demographics.\n\nThe majority of successful podcasts find advertisers through an ad agency called [Midroll](_URL_0_). Midroll's biggest clients include Squarespace, Naturebox, Audible and Lynda.",
"Not sure about the motivations for the advertisers, but one reason that you hear the same advertisers across loads of podcasts is that there's an ad rep company doing this for them (see _URL_0_). So it's not MeUndies or SquareSpace approaching podcasts individually for sponsorship, they do it through this middleman company, and it's that same company doing it for loads of popular podcasts now, often placing similar ads across this network.\n\nThese are not, afaik, affiliate programs you just sign up to (as someone claimed in this thread). The advertisers do actually select the podcasts they want to be involved with."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"Relay.fm"
],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[],
[
"http://www.midroll.com/"
],
[
"http://shows.midroll.com/"
]
] |
||
6oivns
|
who becomes president if the entire presidential succession, and congress dies
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/6oivns/eli5_who_becomes_president_if_the_entire/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dkhomm7",
"dkhosgs",
"dkhp09o"
],
"score": [
15,
9,
7
],
"text": [
"The US has a plan to prevent this from happening, at least one eligible person in the line of succession [is physically distant](_URL_0_) from the rest of a public event involving many parts of the line of succession. \n\n\nIn the event the while government is killed in a quick fashion, who is president is the least of humanity's concern\n",
"If no one was left in the House or Senate, states have their own protocol for appointing new congressmen. Once the House or Senate could meet, one of them would appoint a Speaker of the House or President of the Senate pro tempore, and that person would automatically become next in the line of presidential succession.",
"At some point you reach a situation that isn't covered by law. What happens then depends entirely on how the presidental line was killed. \n\nChances are a catastrophe capable of doing that would cause enough chaos that the continued existence of the US as a country would be in question. In the best case, a high ranking military leader would sieze power and work to restore the constitutional government. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designated_survivor"
],
[],
[]
] |
||
8cnsu4
|
visa gift cards
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8cnsu4/eli5_visa_gift_cards/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dxgbibg"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"The person who purchases the gift card itself pays a fee...in my area it is like 5 bucks.\n\nThat's where Visa gets their cut."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
26u7j8
|
in this digital age of electronic transactions, how do i know that my money actually has value? is it possible that money is just "made up"?
|
I don't really know how to phrase this question, but how do I know money is *real*? I get the concept of a mint to back up the dollar with gold, but what's stopping the world from just printing cash, and never backing it up?
Further more, with everything electronic these days, what's stopping "the bank" from just typing in random bullshit numbers, and hitting a button?
...what **is** currency?
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/26u7j8/eli5_in_this_digital_age_of_electronic/
|
{
"a_id": [
"chui3rh",
"chui4ic",
"chui7za",
"chuj0mp"
],
"score": [
6,
5,
5,
2
],
"text": [
"Money has always been made up, even when it was backed by gold. But the US dollar (and most others, I think) haven't been backed by gold in a long time.\n\nMoney is real so long as you can convince others to accept it in exchange for goods or services.",
"Money has value because people (particularly governments) agree that it is a medium of exchange with value.\n\nIn a sense, all money is made up. We use a fiat currency. That is a currency that's not backed by any particular commodity.",
"Oh it's made up, make no mistake. But as long as people accept it as one half of a trade, that's all that matters. Doesn't matter if it's a hand-written coupon for a free back massage. If the Ford dealer down the street will trade you a truck for that coupon, it's as good as a crisp $100 bill.",
"It seems the \"real\" part has been addressed enough so I'll hit the other parts of your question.\n\n > I get the concept of a mint to back up the dollar with gold, but what's stopping the world from just printing cash, and never backing it up?\n\nGenerally because printing more money reduced the value of the money in relation to other currencies. A sort of supply and demand. If the US printed a ton more money then people wouldn't want dollars as much as they do now and the price (in terms of say, the Yuan) would fall. That means that an imported good from China that used to cost 75 cents now costs $1.25 which is basically inflation. If *everyone* did it then everyone would have inflation. So sure you'd have twice as much money, but each dollar would only buy half as much, so you didn't get anywhere.\n\n > Further more, with everything electronic these days, what's stopping \"the bank\" from just typing in random bullshit numbers, and hitting a button?\n\nBecause that would be illegal and banks generally don't like to do illegal things (okay fine ignore the whole 2008 financial sector fiasco)."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[]
] |
|
5xeg09
|
the feeling of having your mind 'blown'
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/5xeg09/eli5_the_feeling_of_having_your_mind_blown/
|
{
"a_id": [
"dehfoyl"
],
"score": [
2
],
"text": [
"Picture a firework being shot into the air then exploding into a bright, huge, beautiful sight that makes spectators observe in awe. It feels exactly like that. "
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
||
4cqyx9
|
the donnie darko movie.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4cqyx9/eli5_the_donnie_darko_movie/
|
{
"a_id": [
"d1kn9nb",
"d1kn9q7",
"d1knzrc",
"d1ko06e",
"d1kojra",
"d1kp4me",
"d1kq1pm",
"d1kqgvp",
"d1kw03e",
"d1kzbv7",
"d1l0bys"
],
"score": [
21,
109,
9,
56,
13,
5,
11,
12,
73,
3,
2
],
"text": [
"Did you watch the director's cut? The theatrical version makes no fucking sense. Watch the director's cut and it explains itself much better.",
"Life is better for everyone if Donnie accepts his fate and allows the turbine to smash and kill him. The first opportunity to do so he leaves his house. The events of the movie essentially grant him the opportunity to go back in time through a portal and do the heroic and Noble thing for others in his life. Question on specifics?\n\nEDIT: it's been so long, him using a portal to come back may be incorrect. But he does revisit the moment and elects to be killed. ",
"Oh, it's A prequel. You have to watch Southland Tales for any of Kelly's movies to make sense.",
"Donnie ended up in a \"tangent universe\", an alternative universe that exists because he didn't get smashed by the turbine. \nHe becomes the [manipulated living](_URL_0_). \nHis existence however brings suffering to those around him (resulting in the death of his mother, little sister, and girlfriend), and as /u/panthermilk describes, he realizes he can go back to stop it before it started by getting killed by the turbine. \n",
"There are several websites that attempt to explain it, this one has some interesting ideas: _URL_0_\n\nBasically it deals with multiple universes and the Philosophy of time travel.\n\nIf you've ever read anything on the theories behind time travel, it is believed that time is relatively stable, but when the 4th dimension gets corrupted, it creates a tangent universe. These tangent universes are short lived and volatile. This theory is that Donnie was propelled into an alternate timeline by the jet engine.\n\nThere are also some alternate theories, like Schizophrenia, A dream, a \"Ghost of Christmas Future\" type situation, or a tangent loop.\n\nUltimately, time travel is one of the central themes, so I think it's possible that the first theory is correct.",
"There's also the theory that aside from tangent universes, Donnie Darko is Jesus Christ, and Frank is God.\n\nFor example:\n\nDonnie does what Frank asks. \n\nHow does Donnie have the strength to put an axe into a bronze statue? (performing miracles)\n\nThe sprinklers in front of Mr. Cunninghams house (walking on water)\n\nThe tunnels at the party/telling Gretchen everything will be ok (seeing and knowing his future and fate)\n\nDirectors cut: When the engine crashes into Donnies room, [the camera pans right and shows Donnie on his bed with a wooden beam in his chest](_URL_0_) (dying on the cross)",
"The fictional book from the movie makes everything MUCH clearer. [Read the book](_URL_0_) (it's really short) and you'll probably be able to figure out the rest yourself.",
"Time is a fairly stable construct. It remains consistent and rarely has any problems. However, every now and then, time gets corrupted, and a Tangent Universe is created. The Tangent Universe is not stable and will collapse after a few weeks. When that happens, it could potentially destroy the Primary Universe as well.\n\nTo prevent this from happening, an Artifact must be sent from the Tangent Universe into the Primary Universe. The Artifact must be made of metal, and it spontaneously appears in the Tangent Universe when it is created. The only person who can do this is the Primary Receiver, who is chosen at random. Donnie Darko is the Primary Receiver in the movie.\n\nThe Primary Receiver is given special powers to complete his task, namely superhuman strength, telekinesis, and control over water. He also gets help from the Manipulated Dead. The Manipulated Dead are anyone who dies inside the Tangent Universe. They gain knowledge of the Tangent Universe and have the ability to move through time within this universe so they can aid the Primary Receiver. Frank is a Manipulated Dead. So is Gretchen, but she makes less use of her powers. Everyone who does not die is a Manipulated Living. They subconsciously push the Primary Receiver towards his goal, although they never become aware of what is happening.\n\nAll of the Manipulated create an Ensurance Trap. They arrange circumstances to ensure that the Primary Receiver completes his task. This is what happens at the end when Frank accidentally runs over Gretchen, killing her, which prompts Donnie to kill Frank. Donnie now has nothing to do but send the Artifact back to the Primary Universe. When this happens, the Tangent Universe ends, and everyone except the Primary Receiver loses their memory of it, although the Manipulated still have dreams about it. In many cases, the Primary Receiver is killed by the Artifact when it returns to the Primary Universe, which happens when the plane engine falls on Donnie at the end.\n\nFor a more thorough explanation, check out this link: _URL_0_",
"The top answer is not completely wrong, but ignores a huge aspect of the movie. here is what the directors cut indicates:\n\nan anomoly occured that caused the timeline of the universe to break into a split. we dont know what the anomoly was, just that it happened and caused disruption in the flow of time. one side of the split, universe A, extends through the entirety of history and for an indefinite time in the future - it is what we would consider to be permanent universe. Universe B is where nearly the entire takes place, and is a temporary and unstable tangent universe that got created by the anomoly and will collapse into a black hole unless the anomoly is repaired. As time goes on in this temporary universe, This universal de-sync in time will eventually destroy both universes unless something is done\n\nThis is where Donnie comes in - he was chosen by mysterious forces as \"The living receiver\", and is the only person capable of fixing this desync. This information comes from the book written by roberta sparrow called The Philosophy of Time Travel, and from this we can guess that she was previously chosen as a living reciever as well - which tells us that the reciever doesnt have to die. The living reciever is given supernatural powers in order to be able to fix the time rift; telekenetic powers, superhuman strength, command over the elements, etc. all this gets demonstrated by the flooding of the school, burning of that guys house, the axe in the statue, and a few other situations, and eventually leads him to sending the plane engine through the portal that he created above his house using his telekenetic powers.\n\nso whats frank? frank is the counterpart to the living reciever; they are called \"the manipulated dead\". The job of the manipulated dead is to orchestrate events in any way possible to convince or urge the living reciever to make the neccessary change. The manipulated dead can be anyone who dies in the temporary tangent universe as long as they were connected to the reciever in some way, they can travel easily through time and somehow have knowledge of what is happening. Frank is the manipulated dead that appears to donnie, but gretchen is also one of the manipulated dead but doesnt interact with donnie in the same way so that he can be lured into doing what is required. Frank and gretchen accomplished his task by leading donnie through situations that resulted in him both conquering his fears of death, and also trapping him into a situation where he had no choice but to do what was required of him.\n\nThe engine is the key to how donnie saves the universe. The engine is called an 'artifact' and was sent into the tangent universe from the permanent universe. In order to repair the anomoly that caused the split, Donnie has to send the artifact back into the other universe. The artifact can be any metal object - this is what the conversation with his science teacher was about, and its why the feds were so interested in the \"matching serial number\"... since the engine was a duplicate. This duplicate got sent into his universe when the anomoly occured, and its existence causes the tangent universe to devolve into a black hole because it cannot handle the existence of an exact duplicate in one universe. The theory is that once the item is sent back to the primary universe, then the tangent universe becomes stable and can collapse safely back into one single time line that syncs with the primary universe. \n\nThe story is all about how frank lures donnie into this trap that forces him to send the engine back into its proper universe. he is led into a position where the girl he loves is dead, he just commited murder, and through his interactions with roberta, his teacher, frank, and a few other realizations, he understands what is required of him. They not only convinced donnie to do it, but did it in a way that it was hardly a choice and more of an inevitability. the only way to save the ones he cares about is by fixing the rift and allowing gretchen to live, and thanks to his new understanding of the world; his fear of death and loneliness is conquered enough for him to be willing to do it. \n\nthats the basics of it and im sure i got some of the nuances wrong, and i know my grammar sucks but this was a long post to write from an ipad. \n\nill answer any questions about sources for what im saying or if anyone needs clarification - its one of my favorite storylines.\n\n",
"The philosophy of time travel is an idea that by seeing the future you are essentially travelling forward in time. It dodges paradox by saying that if you could see God's plan you would choose it. So there is free will and determinism coexisting. \n\nA wormhole that connects two tangential universes at two different moments on the timeline is sometimes created when metal falls to earth. The metal passes through the wormhole and is known as the artifact.The person hit with the artifict creates a paradox that would destroy both universes but then alleviates it by forseeing their own death and choosing to accept it. \n\nDonnie is scared of death in a world without God and travels through time by seeing two futures. He picks the one God planned and is happy to do so, dying full of **Love** instead of **Fear**\n\nAll that remains of his choice is the mysterious artifact and vague memories of the survivors that are dismissed as dreams. ",
"Oookay. I've seen the film a few times and enjoyed that but nothing to do with different dimensions and universes every occurred to me. I thought he was just time travelling and went back to kill himself so none of the events after would happen and his girlfriend would live."
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[],
[],
[],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXqTPV8FhYU"
],
[
"http://www.donniedarko.org.uk/explanation/"
],
[
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MG0y8XUjP5w"
],
[
"http://www.donniedarko.org.uk/philosphy-of-time-travel/"
],
[
"http://www.donniedarko.org.uk/explanation/"
],
[],
[],
[]
] |
||
2nv26h
|
modernism.
|
So i got around to re-reading Gatsby and remembered in English class how the whole book is filled with modernism. I never really understood it at all.
|
explainlikeimfive
|
http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2nv26h/eli5_modernism/
|
{
"a_id": [
"cmh7cmt"
],
"score": [
3
],
"text": [
"Old stuff is boring. Let's make something new! Your parents are not going to understand it, but that's OK. They are totally going to think you've gone bonkers, and that may itself be funny. They have all these rules and regulations, but they are not the boss of you. So go do something that relates to you!"
]
}
|
[] |
[] |
[
[]
] |
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